THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY NINTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF STATE COMMISSIONERS OF PUBLIC CHARITIES OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. PRESENTED TO THE GOVERNOR NOVEMBER, lS8t;. ' SPRINGFIELD. ILL.: H. W. RoKKEK, Printee and Binder. 1887. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, President. W. A. GKIMSHAW. Commissioners, W. A. GRIMSHAW, Pittsfield. Term expires 1887. JOHN M. GOULD, Moline. Term expires 1888. CHAELES G. TRUSDELL, Chicago. Term expires 1889. F. B. HALLEK, M. D., Vandalia. Term expires 1890. J. C. CORBUS, M. D., Menclota. Term expires 1891. Secretary. FRED. H. WINES, Springfield. 214647 STATE OF ILLINOIS, Office of Board of Public Charities, November 1, 1886. Hon. Richard J. Oglesby, Governor: The Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities has the honor to make to you its Ninth Biennial, or Eighteenth Annual Eeport, as required by law. We are, with respect, Your obedient servants, W. A. GRIMSHAW, President. JOHN M. GOULD, CHARLES G. TRUSDELL, F. B. HALLER, W. A. GRIMSHAW, J. C. CORBUS. Fred. H. Wines, Secretary. NINTH BIENNIAL REPORT. CHAPTER I. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Since the last biennial report of this board, the number of insti- tutions subject to its supervisory care has been increased by one. The Thirty-Fourth General Assembly made an appropriation of two hundred thousand dollars for the erection of a Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, which has been located at Quincy, in Adams county. The num- ber of institutions included in the present report, therefore, is eleven; namely, four Hospitals for the Insane ; the Institution for the Edu- cation of the Deaf and Dumb ; the Institution for the Blind ; the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children ; the Soldiers' Orphans' Home ; the Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary ; the State Eeform School ; and the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. In the present chapter will be found the financial record of these institutions for the two years ending September 30th, 1886, together with a statement of the use made of the moneys appropriated by the General Assembly at its session in 1885. The requests of the institutions for appropriations to be made at the present session, and other special topics, will be discussed in subsequent chapters. In the appendix will be found various articles of interest to the public, especially to the legislature, also a number of tables giving statistical information as to the state and county institutions. By the act creating the board, the county jails and alms houses of the state are subject to the same inspection by it as the state institutions, and the present report contains, as usual, a full account of the observations of the officer of the board who vis- ited the counties for this purpose. We have also during the past year given special attention to the subject of private charities in Illinois, and our statements with regard to them will be found un- usually complete. The attention of the reader is further called to the index of subjects at the close of the volume, which will enable him to find anything in the report which he may particularly desire to examine. Financial statement for 1885-86. Dr. On the tirst of October, 1884, there were, in the hands of the several treasurers of the ten institutions under our care, cash bal- ances amounting in the aggregate to $103,582.06. In addition to the cash balances in the hands of local treasurers, they had, in the state treasury, unexpended balances of appropria- tions undrawn, to the amount of $1,042,110.86.* The Thirty-Fourth General Assembly appropriated, for the use of eleven institutions, the sum of $2,440,358.53, for the two years from July 1, 1885, to July 1, 1857.1 Besides the income derived from appropriations, the institutions receive a minor income from the proceeds of sales of farm produce, stock, and manufactured articles, from collections for clothing, etc., the amount of which, during the past two years, has been $143,580.72, to which must be added $14,567.12 received by the Northern Hos- pital for the Insane, on account of the "Burr Fund." The sum of these four items, which is $3,744,199.29, is the total amount to be accounted for in the present report and in the reports of the institutions herewith transmitted. It is evident that this amount must have been expended by the institutions, or remain either in the state treasury or in the hands of the local treasurers. The distribution of debits among the several institutions is as follows : Cash. Oct. 1, 1884. Appeopeiations. Petit Receipts. Total. Institution. 1883. 1885. Northern Insane $24,398 25 31.486 74 (i99 10 17,272 22 2,341 45 5,427 98 15,505 96 5.616 91 ■S87 80 445 65 $86,217 36 450.085 22 176,064 66 89,936 54 75,895 84 26,203 76 48,770 96 41,633 94 13,205 66 34,096 92 8128,555 53 707,100 00 :«1,000 00 2:i4,.S28 00 221,800 00 70,500 00 131,000 00 105,400 00 45,325 00 165,350 00 200,000 00 $32,325 29 31,711 14 20,640 42 21,690 81 18,381 51 5,721 00 7,881 88 540 34 352 58 18,781 37 121 60 $371,496 43 Eastern Insane Central Insane 1,220,383 10 .528,404 18 .363,227 57 Deaf and Du'mb 318,418 80 Blind Feeble-Minfled 107,852 74 203, 158 80 Soldiers' Orphans 15:^,191 19 Eye and Ear Reform School Soldiers' Home 59,271 04 218,673 84 200, 121 60 Total .$103, 582 06 $1,042,110 86 «2, 440, .358 53 *158,H7 84 .$3,744,199 29 Cr. The cash disbursements, by eleven institutions, during the past two years, were in the aggregate, $2,487,234.99. The amount remaining in the hands of local treasurers, Septem- ber oO, 1884, was $127,601.44. *0f this unexpended balance in the state treasury S787. 750 00 was for ordinary expenses, and $254, 360 86 for special purposes. t Of tliis amount SI, 7.5:1. 000 00 was appropriated for ordinary expenses, and $687, 3.58 .>3.;f or special purposes. 9 The amount remaininf]: in the state treasury, undrawn, at the same date, was $941,857.55,* The sum of §187,505.31, appropriated but riot drawn, lapsed into the state treasury. From the "Burr Fund," belonging to the hospital at Elgin, .*j>14,- 501 was invested in a loan, which, in the disbursements above and in the table below, is included (for convenience) with the cash dis- bursements, but is no part of the actual expenses liquidater). The sum of these four items is $3,744,193.29 which was the amount to be accounted for. The distribution of credits among the several institutions is as follows : Institution. Total dis- Cash burscmentsiSept. 30,1885 Approp'ns i Lapsed undrawn. iSept. 30,1885 Total, Northern Insane . . Eastern Insane Central Insane Southern Insane . . Deaf and Dumb... Blind Feeble-Minded Soldiers" Orphans. Eve and Ear Reform Si-hool ... Soldiers' Home Total f 276, 540 34 $15, 220 25 42,100 11 13,770 53 20,043 15 3,793 07 5,449 49 9,882 82 6, 675 35 27 10, 544 80 121 60 $79, 735 84 260,274 60 137,409 06 86,595 64 78, 293 98 2:^,418 93 45,876 00 37,594 35 14,242 40 41.8:i5 29 136,582 46 $371,496 43 730,508 39 377. 224 59 W87,50(t 00 1,220, IK! 10 528,404 IS 256,588 78 363 227 57 2:w,:53l 75 318,418 80 78,984 32 107,8.52 74 147,400 98 2(13, 158 80 108,916 18 45,028 37 166,293 75 (J3,417 54 5 31 1.53,191 19 59,271 04 218, 673 84 200,121 6(^ $2,487,234 99 $127,601 44 $941,857 55 $187, .505 31 $3,744,199 2;> Further details of these receipts and disbursements will be found in the tables appended to this report, and in the reports of the in- stitutions named. It will, of course, be understood that the figures above given represent cash receipts and disbursements, and that the actual ex- penses, during the fiscal years 1885 and 1886, may have been more or less than the cash payments, according to the amount of out- standing debt at the beginning and at the end of the period. In fact, they were more. The actual expenses incurred have been : Institution, Ordinary. Special. Total. Northern Insane Hospital $222, Eastern Insane Ifosintal I 456, Central Insani' Hospital. Southern Insane Hosiiital Institution for tlu^ Deaf and Dumb. Institution for the Blind Asyhim for Feeble-Minded Soldiers' Orphans" Home Eye and Ear Inf iruuir y State lleforni Seliool Soldiers' and Sailors' Home Total $1,821,4;« .59 I 271, 221, 213, 66, 126, 103, 37, 101, 508 96 046 48 915 04 465 74 193 35 972 16 907 09 231 90 671 85 524 02 $31, 281, 10.5, 33, 1-2, 20, 5, 9, 64. 92, 216 01 6;W (J2 .309 .55 117 89 .5;{5 02 012 16 490 89 684 28 038 26 769 73 715 43 $679, .527 84 $253, 737, 377, 2.54, 236, 78, 117, los, 46, 1()6. 92. 724 97 685 10 22-1 59' ',Ki 63 728 37 984 :t2 397 9R 916 18 710 n 293 75 715 43 $2,500,964 43 ' Of this amount $(!5r,375 was the ordinary expenses, and $2n 1 , 482 . .")5 for spei-ial purposes. 10 The agreement between the statement of cash payments and that of actual expenses is shown as follows : Cash disbursements during 1885 -8() $2,487,234 99 Deduct payments on account of expenses of 1883-84.. 18,400 06 Paid on expenses of 1885-86 $2,4(;8.828 93 Indebtedness of 1835-86 outstanding, Sept. 30, 1886. . . ,o5,802 79 Total expenses, 1885-86 $2,524,631 72 Less principal of Burr fund loaned $14,501 00 Less interest of Burr fund expended . . . 9,166 29 23,667 29 $2,500,964 43 J Surplus. To meet the outstanding indebtedness, the institutions had the following cash resources : In hands of local treasuiers $127,601 44 In state treasury, on call 48,405 28 Total cash assets $176,006 72 Deduct amount of debt c5.802 79 Cash surplus $120,203 93 This surplus was divided among them as follows: Northern Insane Hospital $13,142 16 Eastern Insane Hospital 3L143 19 Central Insane Hospital 20,566 28 Southern Insane Hospital 17,145 67 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 3,871 17 Institution for the Blind 6.118 13 Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children 11.393 5 Soldiers" Orphans' Home 6.675 35 State Eeform School ] 1.702 90 Soldiers' and Sailors Home 121 60 $121,885 40 Less deficit in Eye and Ear Infirmary 1,681 47 Balance of surplus $120,203 93 This statement of surplus does not include ledger accounts (for clothing and incidental expenses of inmates) outstanding and un- collected. It may be remarked here, that the uncollected accounts of the state against Cook county are in bad shape, owing to the financial condition of the county treasury at the present moment. It will b9 observed that the biennial period closed with a deficit in a single institution— the Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, at Chicago. This deficit is not to the discredit of the management of that iastitutioQ. It is due to the rapid increase in the average 11 number of inmates cared for, wliicli was 78 in 1F84, but in 1885 rose to iH), and in 188(5 to 117. without any corresponding increase in the allowance for their care. On the other hand, the per capita cost, which, in 1884. was $-2-2-1.41, fell in 188") to $195.38. and in 1886 to $170.77. We are personally cognizant of the great efifort made to avoid a deiicit, and know that it was, under tlio circum- stances, inevitable. Classijication of Ordinary Expenses. On pages 11, 13 will be found the classified summary of ordinary expenses of the nistitutions, for each of the two years 1885 and 1886, given by items. Per Capita Cost. We have fully explained, in former reports, the method of calcu- lating the per capita cost of maintenance in institutions, and have given our reasons for applying a uniform rule of computation to institutions which have, and which have not, a vacation. But, against our will, we are compelled to make some additional remarks on the question, in view of a paragraph contained in the repo)t of the superintendent of the institution for the education of the tleaf and dumb at Jacksonville, who says : Aecordins: to ths pulilishi'd by tilt' board of I'liaritics. liasod upon reports |>rt>- piired on the formula proscribed liy that board, the prr capita oxpiMiso of our pupils during: the quarters of the lirst M'ar of the bienniuni has]i<>en: Forthellrst (luarter. $ri,").!i,s: for the second. jr>5.t!8; for the third. Sty.Tit: for the fourth. -*J;t7.:i7 ; while the per capita cost I'.u- the entire yo;u'. (.which must of course incliidi' the four (luartersi. is made to appearto Ite ^-.sr).;i7. Forthe second year, these tables show the per capita cost for the llrst iiuarter. $(iii.lt :for the second. 5^")5.9:!: for the third. s«>.I.S: for the fourth. i'l'Tl.l'.t; while for the whole year it is made to appear to l)e S2S!).5'2. This is one of thi>se yery extranrdinary and unusual instanci's in whicii a part is greater than the whole. This anomalous fact arrows out of the eiuleax or to put an insane hosi)ital. a prison, an orphan asylum, an inHrmary and an educational insti- tution into th(> same strait-j;icket. The camisole answers yery well for an insane hosi)ital, an inllrniary and a itrison : but hm pi ires scuue llexilu lily for the other eslablishments. This flexibility the hoiuirable board of charities liaye endeayored to turnish by means ol an ex- planatory parat,'rai)h in their liennial reports. But all their tiuarterh' iind annual state- ments are b;ised upiMi this unreastuiable foimula. and parade the educational institutions at a disadyantaye, wlien the economy of tneir maniujement is taken into consideration, in comparison with other institutions coming under tlieir superyisiou. Passing over the question of the courtesy of the language here employed, (since we are not sensitive on that point, iind appreciate Dr. Gillett's motives in the statement quoted), it strikes us that its wit is more apparent than its good sense. Whoever has had occa- sion to uitke many statistical cah-ulations. and is familiar with the mathematics of averages, knows that in this branch of arithmetic a part very frequently appears to be more than the whole ; in that respect, the statements to which he objects are not singular. The expenditure of money, in an educational institution, may be just as great during the quarter-year when few or no pupils are present as in any other; but the seeming anomaly is corrected, when the per capita cost is calculated on the expenses of the entire year. We have no disposition to put any institution in a strait-jacket nor to "parade" it at a disadvantage. We mean to be simply fair to all parties, favoring none and doing none any wilful or conscious injustice. It is just to the institutions which have a vacation, that 12 ri ri •- rt m 1— I I-H O ^ CO o CO i> is — • i/5 -^ &S ^ ?i '^■i » 5) &> N -3 ^ S; o := M ^ J ?i S = r^ '•-■ t o 10 1~ L- rt y; oc •— o II '-c -r •-= C-. — -T oc ■-■; — c^ » c> cc cc OS ^ '^S'.actn^t'-'Kx i.'iz^^^^.m^'^^ ^-r'-i^t^t^a-.m^' " C C ■«(" -^ OC — DC rt u* X CC Tl C: T-l ■?! lT X O ;r --i ■M O OT O >fl M— ■'rH ^ ;|l'S|g||f|p|2a|T o P.' 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C~. ^«-5 OOOCOt>-lOt-7U>-CCOCOCOC--C " »- -' 7-1 71 00 CO 1-0 71 ac o CO 00 c S?5 :S?ti J o 00 CO 05 7t< 10 CO c. -* -r CO CO I > CO 71 to CO CO C 00rH-r(--Hio ^ 71 71 71 7-1 71 CO 00 CO ^^ >— ( 10 r-i" r-"co' ^ 71--- O eg t- CO 00 p OOr- ^ 10 CO O 00 C 71 O t» CO' S:" ■^00 CO coo: CO CO TIC TIOlOCO COOr-fCOTIOi—CO^---— 1^^- a-C5r^rHiOO^ t^CCCO COOrl r-OtC iOCO'r4 01 _^ 1^7171 i-7*^ 71 C; ococo — . (- ■- Jt COOIOI^O^COIOO— f— 'OOCOCO t>- 1.0 00' -* 00 CO 71 C CO CO -r !■>- o — ^W^ 0-. 0> r^ T-H US C~ r-T — 00 —coco r^- 00 CV C7' CO O r- ( iJJ, <~'- i^~ t'^ '3 § r'' X 7j S J7" ,—■ rt' ^^oo co' CO 71 71 o c; -s- 00 10 CO r- -i' M" CO 00 10 00 10 ^H o CO CO 71 71 -^ CO CO CO CO -f 10 o -r 1— 1 1» oi r~ CO 1.7 ocooooioi>-ocoj--r--7icooo r«oo7-icr37i?-. ^loco.— iio-Tco 101.0 7-17171 t^:71iO.— tcOC. 71 f» 7171 CJ 1.0 O CO O i-i r~ o -i- -o t-( LO — 00 r* c- •r-O COCO ^ f~ CO — O Ci X. OC C-. 3-. 71 CO 1-1 CO CO CV CO JC CO r: oj^'jicooioiocc-TcooioicO'croSoocox-H 7-1 CO 71 CO 10 -|i l^ 01 -iigcoco-rcj^posni-Oi^ ^^lO 0*00 00 r-i C-. CO r- !-■ 71 _- -. .7-lC0 7]C010^il>.C lOi— i.-'7107C0C0 01OC0i— ICCf^COOOCOr-lAj ^1— 't^O70O-<"l.0 0071f>-71007H-0r-C-. CO ;OCOO-H ■ O C-. 10 rt cor-ocodo •r>-i>.ooooffieoco-^-i*o>i-oooi.oof-iioco >710C3iOCO Ol-0Ot~C000 •COOOC-*r~OCf>.r-IC0710i-5 r*oo500oco iio-^ovaiO^icoo^r^t— iccoot^oirHoococo OOO-*71C0 •!— Idt-lOCOCOr-ICC'-IOOOSC-. t^rt 00 CO CO CO co-»oaCiit>-r-. •OO'OOC. i.oco-^1— lOCOoo-t'coorH i-h ^t^ 0> CO 00" rH 07 71 -TICO' 71 1- CO — O:. !>. o; T-H 00 00 CO »«C5CCir>-oo r» 71 00 cc iO CO 00 — 00 r* CO uo 1— I -rf *-» CO CO I— 1 C: CO 71 1-1 •-' 71 O7-H000100Ct^Or-505 'oO-^'*C5 71^rH|-»00»00>CO'^ ■ rt7qcoo--o-w7icocoo--05co • ooococococo ^00 t>.f» •f--( lO 14 their per capita expense should be calculated on the basis of the attendance of pupils during term-time. The per capita expense of institutions which have no vacation is always calculated on the number of days' board furnished to inmates during the year. But no fair comparison of the cost of caring for the insane and of edu- cating the deaf and dumb can be made, unless, for both classes of institutions, the calculation is based either on days' board furnished or the number of individuals benefited ; but, whichever of these may be selected, it must be the same for both. We have always taken days' board ; we are equally willing, if Dr. Gillett prefers, to take the number benefited. The institutions which have a vacation are : for the deaf and dumb, the blind, the feeble-minded and soldiers' orphans. To find the average number during term-time, we take the number of days' board furnished during the year and divide it by the number of days during which school was in session, as follows : 1885. 1886. Institution. Days' lioard Days in term. Average number. Days board. Days in term. Average number. Deaf and Dumb 134,610 . 35,895 113,947 119, 917 2(i8 260 297 293 502 138 384 409 136,093 39,847 124,496 119.051 208 260 303 286 508 Blind 153 Feeble-Minded 411 Soldiers' Oi'phans 416 Total 404,369 1.118 362 419.487 1,117 376 To find the average for the year, the number of days' board, as just given, must be divided by 365, the number of days in the year, which gives as a result : Institution for the education of the deaf and dumb, 369 in 1885, and 373 in 1886 ; for the blind, 98 in 1885, and 109 in 1886; for the feeble-minded, 312 in 1885, and 341 in 1886; for soldiers' orphans, 329 in 1885, and 326 in 1886. Either of these sets of figures may be properly used as divisors. The dividend will, of course, be the total ordinary expenses for the year. The following table exhibits the per capita cost, calculated in each of these two ways : 1885. 1886. Institution. Ordinary expenses. Pee Capita Cost. Per Capita Cost. Year. Term. Year. Term. Deaf and Dumb Blind Feeble-Minded Soldiers' Orphans $105,242 76 ;«, 388 69 61.306 37 50.537 68 $285 37 &39 52 196 38 153 83 $209 65 241 95 159 65 123 56 $107,950 59 $289 52 ,33.583 47 307 65 65,600 72 192 33 52,694 2-J 161 56 1212 50 219 50 ' 159 61 126 67 Total 8250,475 50 $220 06 »174 79 $259,829 W\ 1220 04 $174 62 15 Wherein any injustice is done to these institutions by the fore- goirig statements, we find it impossible to conceive. Between insti- tutions of the same class, comparisons by either method will yield substantially the same result. But when comparisons are to be made with institutions which have no vacation, whose per capita cost is based on days' board furnished,, the highest and not the lowest figures in the preceding table should be taken for a divisor. If the lowest figures are in- sisted upon as correct, then the per capita cost of institutions of a different class must be figured upon a different basis. To make this clear, we will take the four insane hospitals of Illinois, and figure both ways. The method of computing cost by days' board furnished has been sufficiently explained. On the basis of the number of beneficiaries — the number of patients receiving treatment during the year corresponding to the number of pupils receiving tuition during the school term — we must divide the total ordinary expenses for the year by the whole number treated. This will show how much has been expended on each individual. The following table gives the result : Item. Elgin. Kankakee, ^'"'f^^^''- Anna. Total. 1885. Ordinary expenses Average number patients Cost per capita Whole number treat(Hl. . . . C\)st per capita 1886. Ordinary expenses , Average number patients Cost per capita Whole number treated. . , Cost per capita SI 07, 487 OG 528 «203 72 8207,425 18 aill8,7(i8 81 l.llil $185 42 (i41 5 31 ?170 (11 l.ti58 9-Sii $125 10; 8128 (17 $115,02190 $248,62130 $153.146 73 5:« $215 87 645 $178 32 1,470 $169 07i 1.7871 $139 12 856 S178 94 1,130 1135 52 8109,497 83 635 S172 29 76: $143 69 1111,967 91 (i.55 S170 99 809 8138 40 $643,178 38 2,923 8185 83 3,973 S136 72 8628,757 84 3,514 $178 93 4,371 8143 85 The point of Dr. Gillett's objection to our computations seems to be : either that we should make no comparisons of cost between an insane hospital and an institution for the deaf and dumb, or that we should compare the cost of the former, calculated in one way, with the cost of the latter, calculated on an entirely different basis. We cannot concede the correctness or justice of either of these positions. Neither can we concede the accuracy of his own computation, by which he makes the per capita cost of the institution for the edu- cation of the deaf and dumb |211.85 in 1885, and |218.07 in 1886. He does himself an injustice, in both years. On the subject of deductions to be made, to arrive at a net cost, we shall have a word to say presently. The point of view, however, from which we regard the whole subject, is that of the appropriations necessary to be made for the support of the institutions, and their proper expenditure. 16 To show that a comparison may fairly be made between an educational and a non-educational institution, we call attention to following exhibit of the ordinary expenditures of the institution for the deaf and dumb and of the central insane hospital, both at Jacksonville. 1885. Item. Insane Hospital. Institution fob Deaf and Dumb. Expenses. Per capita. Expenses. Per capita. By year. By term. Attendance Food Clothing, etc ...' Laundry expenses — Fuel Light Water Medicines, etc Freight, etc ,. Postage : — Books and stationery, I'rinting Amusements Hoiiseliold expenses. Furniture Building and repairs. Tools and machinery. Farm, garden, etc All other expenses Total. 39, 019 21 544 38 241 87 833 92 ,800 23 ,226 14 ,000 00 ,829 09 ,a52 19 250 58 658 96 605 681 490 55 707 23 .835 23, ,717 71 564 61 ,787 05 805 65 1 $65 55: 61 69 12 86 1 30 12 17 3 47, 1 56 2 85; 2 89 39' 1 03 95j 781 1 10 4 42 4 24 88' 5 91 1 27 :W9.300 84 19,989 53 4,221 35 587 73 8,905 66 2,632 44 796 89 229 55 2.579 79 485 51 1,657 70 222 901 50 15 683 84 1,757 75 3,767 33 1,130 33 5,040 46 1.203 01 $133 61 ! U 17, 11 44! 1 59, 24 141 7 13 2 16; 62 6 99 1 32 4 49 60! 14 1 85! 4 76 10 21i 3 06 13 51 3 26 *118,768 3lt $185 311 $105,242 76 $285 21 , I $98 21 39 82 8 41 1 17 17 74 5 24 159 46 5 14 97 3 31 44 10 1 36 3 50 7 50 2 25 10 04 2 40 $209 65 1886. Insane Hospital. Institution fob Deaf and Dumb. Item. Expenses. Per capita. Expenses. - Per capita. $y year. By term. Attendance Food Clothing, etc Laundry expenses $50,994 02 48,504 77 13,153 43 1,113 61 9,714 00 3,029 59 1,231 53 1,568 68 2,429 49 525 69 801 22 264 33 712 31 872 2:? 4,233 09 6,585 03 1,052 54 5,352 19 1,477 88 $59 57 56 66 15 37 1 30 11 35 3 54 1 44 1 83 2 84 61 94 31 83 1 02 4 95 7 69 1 1 23 625 1 18 1 $53,875 07 17,911 62 4,344 62 612 95 7,606 77 2,180 521 736 30, 351 89i 3,074 99: 466 59i 1,052 .')7, 81 90 1,014 53 1 555 15 1,360 94i 1 3,848 33: 1 705 09, j 6,509 681 1,761 08. $144 44 48 02 11 65 1 64 20 13 5 85 1 97 94 8 24 1 25 2 82 22 2 72 1 49 3 65 10 32 1 89 17 45 4 72 $106 05 35 26 8 55 1 21 Fuel 14 78 Light 4 29 Water 1 45 Medicines, etc 69 Freight, etc 6 05 Postage • 92 Books and stationery 2 07 Printing Amusements Household expenses 16 2 00 1 09 Furniture 2 68 Building and repairs Tools and machinery 1 39 Farm, garden, etc. .'. 12 82 All other expenses 3 47 Total $153,146 73 $178 91 $107,950 59 1 1 $289 41 $212 50 17 The first deduction to be drawn from the foregoing tables is, that an institution for the deaf is more expensive than one for the in- sane. This conclusion is confirmed by the experience of other states, as shown in their published reports ; but we will not encumber these pages with the figures which demonstrate the truth of our statement. On closer inspection, the special point of extra expense is found to be in the item for attendance, i. e. salaries and wages Computed in one way, the annual difference in per capita cost of attendance, during the past two years, was, on an average, $76.46 ; and, com- puted the other way, the difference was still $49.57, or very nearly double, for the deaf, what it is for the insane. From an examina- tion of the pay-rolls on file in our office, it appears that the amount paid to teachers of the deaf (including foremen of the shops), in the former institution, was $27,344.34 in 1885, and $30,022.60 in 1886, or more than half of the entire sum charged to salaries and wages for the two years. The hospital for the insane claims, as an offset to this account, the cost of attendants on the wards. The amount paid to attendants and supervisors in 1885, was, according to the pay-roils, $13,204.59; and in 1886 it was $17,140.26, or a trifle more than half as much as the cost of teaching. On the other hand, the expense of attendants and supervisors of the deaf, during the two years past, has been $3,570.82. After deducting from the pay-rolls of both institutions what is thus peculiar to each, the remainder for the two years, at the insane hospital, is $62,668.41, or $41.86 per patient and per year ; but at the institution for the deaf and dumb, the remainder was $42,238.15, which, according to Dr. Gril- lett's method, would be $31.18, or, by our method, $56.92, per pupil and per year. The salaries of teachers, at this institution, it jnust be observed, run on during the vacation, when they are off duty, at the same rate as in term-time. When the total payments for salaries and wages, at both institu- tions, are deducted from the total expenditures, the difference in cost per capita is no longer so appreciable. Dr. Gillett would make it somewhat less, and we make it somewhat more, than at the in- sane hospital. It must be evident that his method is applicable to certain items of expense, such as fuel, for instance ; for the vacation occurs during warm weather. But our method applies to other items, such as light ; for the insane hospital has to be lighted during the entire year, but the institution for the deaf is dark, in summer. Taking all the items, one by one, the difference in per capita cost is for the most part easily explained. Food costs less per capita, where there is a vacation of three months. Medicines cost less in an educational institution than in a hospital. Books will cost more. Printing costs less, where the institution has a printing-press of its own. Bat it will be noticed that the cost of fuel, at the institution for the deaf, is at least fifty per cent, greater per capita than at the insane hospital ; and the farm expenses are more than double. The cost of freight is also greater; but in this is included the trans- it C.-2 18 portation of pupils. Clothing is much less, because the pupils bring their own clothing with them, and the time during which those of them who are clothed at county expense have to be provided for is nine months instead of twelve. Net Cost. We believe in comparisons, not only between the institutions under our charge in this state, but between our own institutions and those of other states. An effort is now making to secure, in order to this end, uniform financial statements on the part of all institutions in states which have state boards of public charities. The report of a committee appointed to devise a scheme for such statements was published in the International Record of Charities and Correction for June, 188B. It proposes that the per capita cost of maintenance be ascertained by dividing the net expenses by the average number of inmates. The rule given, by which to find the net cost is : to deduct from the gross disbursements the cash receipts from sales and the net earnings of shops which are managed on state account ; also the receipts for labor of inmates employed under the contract system, or upon the piece-price plan. The remainder will be the dividend required. Dr. Gillett, *in his statement of net cost, goes still farther. He says : The account for maintenance is entitled to receipts from sundry sources, chiefly for money refunded on account of clothing, etc., in the first year amounting to $9,640.51, and in the second to $8,741. which reduces the per capita cost to $191.97 in the fir.st year, and to $196.46 in the second. These are the figures furnished by him to the Annals of the Deaf, and printed in its annual comparative statement of the cost of institutions for the deaf in the United States and Canada. But are the figures for all the other institutions computed on the same basis? We fancy not. In that event, of what value is the com- parison? In fact, the expenditures, in Dr. Gillett's institution, for clothing and bedding, during the past two years, were only $8,565.97. The receipts from sundry sources, in either year, were more than this. What he gives is the cost to the state treasury, per capita. On that basis, the institutions which are supported without appro- priations from the state should be made, in the table published in the Annals, to cost nothing at all. We give, for information, the per capita cost of each of our state institutions in 1885 and 1886, in gross and to the state treasury, in parallel columns, as follows : 19 iNSTITUnON. 1885. 1886. Gross. To state. Gross. To State. Nortlicrn Iiisanr Hrispital 1203 72 185 42 185 31 172 29 285 37 339 52 196 38 153 83 195 38 153 18 .1;180 07 177 3:5 170 22 156 18 259 08 322 06 184 42 153 13 195 38 126 67 S215 87 169 07 178 94 170 99 289 52 307 65 192 :« 161 56 170 77 166 93 8178 43 EastiMMi Iiisani- Huspital 153 5(; Central Insani' Hdsiiital 166 07 153 34 Institution for Deal' and Dumb 265 '.17 Institution fur JJlind Asylum for Ffrblc-Mind(xl Soldiers' Oi-pliaiis' Hom(^ 272 37 180 30 160 46 Eyij an H(i 1880 (i3 *ft,58 14 1881 ti2,071 3N 185 3:i5 m 1882 7(). S25 3(; 308 249 172 2!t 1 886 111,967 91 655 170 99 Total «1, 02.5. 474 47 445 §192 04 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. 1875 966,313 03 1876 • , 79 , 805 .53 1877 - 77,804 92 1878 \ !S7,771 3;^ 1879 82, 723 73 1880 j 88,124 61 1881 1 96,776 55 1882 94.6.51 73 1883 I(t2, 1X0 97 1884 1 00, 1 i(i7 72 1885 1886 Total SI. 089. 416 47 105, 242 7(i 1 107.9.50 59 369 373 285 37 289 52 219 S302 80 257 310 .'•>:! 2(« 295 88 304 286 84 301 274 91 307 286 67 3.59 269 .58 340 278 5(; 368 271 83 369 285 37 373 289 52 328 S284 09 28 Institution for the Blind. "iear. Amount. Average No. Per capita. 1875 .$29,716 .52 25,730 15 24.979 22 27.779 31 27,913 51 25,599 61 28,348 73 25,447 01 27,852 06 31, 157 69 3:5,388 69 :W,583 47 62 .55 57 72 75 7S 77 W 79 93 98 ^ 109 $479 29 467 82 1876 1S77 438 18 1878 385 82 1879... 370 84 1880 .325 77 1881 369 94 1882 400 49 1883 250 96 1884 334 88 1885 3:59 .52 1886 ;507 65 Total 1340,495 97 77 S570 51 Asylum for Feeble -Mi)ided Children. 1875 S25,082 11 28,812 87 31,6.39 52 .53,062 88 47,:S81 69 59.. 502 70 .56. 710 94 63,284 23 61.782 06 .54,372 82 ^ 61,:W6 37 65,600 72 81 80 77 168 224 274 286 279 293 292 312 341 $309 65 1876 360 16 1877 410 90 1878 .315 35 1«79 210 97 1880 : 217 57 1881 198 21 1882 226 69 1883 210 74 1884 186 41 1885 196 38 1886 192 33 Total ««08. 538 91 223 ^27 32 ^ Soldiers' Orphans' Home. 1875 »46,111 71 46,776 72 42.498 83 44.890 35 41.859 79 47,6a3 66 43,461 52 45,848 54 45,071 93 51,077 85 50. .537 68 52,694 22 297 310 275 j 291 1 :i02 308 301 266 273 317 328 326 1 $175 45 1S(6 150 89 1877 152 87 1878 154 26 1879 138 78 1880 154 as 1881 144 50 1882 172 07 1883 165 07 1884 170 58 1885 153 83 1886 161 56 Total S561,362 80 300 $1.5(> 19 Eye and Ear Infirmary. 1875 111,263 74 12, 653 51 33 45 tM\ 29 1876 281 19 1877 12.840 40 41 313 IS 1878 18,478 23 II 2:^6 90 1879 15.785 97 1.5.624 92 69 62 229 56 1880 250 96 18S1 16,279 42 71 227 43 1882 18,00] .55 72 248 64 1883 17,793 4(i 86 206 21 1884 17, 586 87 78 224 41 18&5 17,626 80 90 195 3S 1886 2(»,(t45 05 117 170 77 Total $193,979 92 70 823(1 65 29 State, Reform Srhool. * Year. Amount. Average No. Per capita. 1875 1876 $30, 173 92 29,402 80 .30,582 99 34.546 67 34,798 11 34, 157 66 :i2,474 97 :33,806 89 42, 181 01 46,582 80 49,450 28 ,52,073 74 178 180 164 182 183 190 197 229 285 ;^08 323 .312 5169 51 163 45 1877 186 48 1878 1879 18X0 189 81 190 42 164 23 1.S81 184 89 1882 188:5 1884 1S85 147 63 148 02 151 03 1.53 18 1 886 166 93 Total $497,231 ^ 228 8182 07 Consolidated Statement. (TEN INSTlTUnONS.) W48,798 54 488,791 01 482,071 m .557.558 00 551.213 81 617, 075 95 655.861 79 687.1,55 81 714. 421 85 741,040 90 860. 730 96 960. 705 03 1,795 2, 0(i4 2,074 2, 4S2 2,7(»T 2.926 3, 13.-. 3.209 3,471- 3.702 4.444 5, 093 «250 02 1876 2;w 16 1877 2:51 78 1878 224 37 1879 202 75 188(1 210 88 1881 209 21 1882 214 15 188;? 205 81 1884 200 06 1885 193 71 1886 188 64 Total $7,765,425 64 3,092 $209 30 After a careful examination of the foregoing table, the reader will be prepared to judge whether the following estimate of the average number of inmates, the cost per capita, and the total amount of ordinary expenses of each of the institutions, for each of the next two years, is reasonable or not : Estimate in Gross. Institution. Average number. Cost per capita. Ordinary expens(!s. Northern Insane Hospital 530 1.600 950 650 400 120 :i50 325 150 325 350 $200 165 170 170 275 285 190 1,55 180 155 160 8106. 000 Eastern Insane^ Ilospital 204, 000 (yciitral liisaiM' Hi^ispital 161.. 500 SoutiiiTu Insani' Hospital 110,500 Instinitioii for Douf and Dumb 110.000 Institution for Blind :34,200 Asyhun for Feeble-Minded 66.500 SoldiiTs' On)liuns' Home .'■.0,;}75 Eyt^ and I"ar Infirmary 27.000 State Ki-rorni School Soidii'rs' and Sailors' Home ,50,375 50.000 Total 5,750 $180 U. 036. 450 30 But our estimate will be better understood iu the form on page 31, in which we have stated the probable- expenditures by items, also the probable income from other sources than the state treas- ury. After deducting the latter, the remainder shows what we sup- pose to be the proper amount to be appropriated to each of the institutions, for ordmary expenses. In order to criticise it intelli- gently, with a view to any alteration of our figures, it will be neces- sary to show that our estimates for particular items in the case of particular institutions, are larger than they should be. We doubt whether this can be done successfully, and refer to a table printed in our eighth biennial report for 1883 tmd 188J:, on pages 13-26, where the classification of ordinary expenses for ten years is shown in detail ; also to the tables printed on pages 27-29 of the same report, neither of which require to be reprinted here. This board has now had a continuous existence, without sub- stantial change in its membership, for eighteen years, during all of which time it has had' but one secretary. Our experience, therefore, has been such, that we feel great confidence in the correctness of the foregoing estimate. Whoever will take the trouble to look over our reports for a series of years past, and compare the estimates submitted to the general assembly, at each session, with the actual expenditures by the institutions during the succeeding two years, will discover that we have been able to arrive at very correct con- clusions with regard to the sums required for their support. The amount which we have recommended falls only !$29,000 per annum short of the aggregate amount asked by the institutions. We have deducted $2,000 a year from the estimate of the northern insane hospital, which may be supposed to be the annual saving on fuel, due to the changes in the heating apparatus ; .^17,500 from that of the eastern insane hospital, because we think that so large an institution ought not to cost quite so much per capita as those of smaller size, and that $165 per year is as much as the people of the state are willing to expend on the class of inmates of which the population of that institution i- mainly composed ; $1,500 from the estimate of the southern insane hospital, because the allowance per patient ought not to be larger at Anna than at Jacksonville ; $2,000 from that of the asylum for feeble-minded ; $5,000 from that of the orphans' home, and $1,000 from that of the eye and ear in- firmary, because our estimate of probable expense differs from theirs. We have estimated the expenses of the soldiers' and sailors' home on the basis of its present capacity. In this connection we offer the suggestion, for the consideration of the general assembly, whether, on the whole, it might not be simpler and better to embody all the appropriations for ordinary expenses contained in this estimate in a single bill, instead of ad- hering to the established practice of voting these appropriations in separate bills. It has usually happened that the legislature has adopted them without alteration. In this respect it has shown a degree of confidence in our judgment and in our integrity of pur- pose, which we have appreciated and for whicb we are duly grateful. We have no ulterior purpose in the suggestion which we have ventured to make. It seems to us that the practice which we pro- pose would correspond, in the first place, to the practice with 31 Q g a, Total... -g;--'-..r.:^ ""'^"^ ^■''^'-"'' X Si —" — — CJ?IC Soldiers' and i L.iL.-iiti •-t'-m" Sailors' Home. S'^ State Reform School Charitable Eye and Ear Infir- mary Soldiers' Or- phans' Home. Asylum for Feeble-Minded c; c o = o o o o o ^ =^ <^ O C> O lit l.'S o iSoSSiSccoootroiS ci r-"f-"'.-<'c4M (MO — lOM ooooo « o i"5 S o 00=0=0000000000000 S o o cc o 5o 55 o o ?i o ■?! ec "O o iS S o 000000 O' o o o o o 00000000000 OOOOO' 000000 L-^ o cc *-" 01 i"? o o- o =■ >o 0<00'000'^000000'00000 OOOO-OOJOJtOOOOOOOO^OO o o i« Ti rs Lt Ji cc «■: cj lO — 11 T^ o ic = o Institution for S=^'"' *' ^ "''-' the BHnd Institut'n for the Deaf and Dumb Southern Insane Hospital Central Insane Hospital Eastern Insane Hospital Northern Insane Hospital ... i^r^ J o 00 00 (MIM OOOOOOOO'OOO.OOOOOOO cioo>o 00 000000 0001=^ 00 OOOOOiOOU50lOOCOi<100000 O «q 1-t O ?Q rH ^1 ri j-5i ^rt o 18^2 25s i ^ - o-= = = 3-= reference to the appropriations for the expenses of the state govern- ment contained in the general appropriation bill. In the next place, it would save the time of the legislature, and finally, it would entirely separate the ordinary expense appropriations (with regard to which there is commonly but little difference of opinion, since their propriety and necessity is admitted on all hands) from the special appropriations, which have sometimes given rise to more or less heated discussion upon the tloors of both houses. There can be but little doubt that, in some cases, appropriations have been made for certain special items, which might not have been made, had they not been included in the same bill with the appropriation for the ordinary expenses of the institution preferring the request of doubtful utility. We are of the opinion that our sug- gestion is in the line of economy in the appropriation and expend- iture of public moneys. This is, however, wholly a matter for the determination of the legislature itself. SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS. The following is a complete list of special appropriations asked, by the state institutions, of the Thirty-Fifth General Assembly. By the Xorthern Hospital for the Insane. For repairs and improvements, $5,000 per annum.... $10,000 00 For improving grounds, $1,000 per annum 2,000 00 For new buildings for the insane 335,694 00 For chapel and amusement hall 9,731 00 For reservoir and connections 6,390 00 For side-track 17,968 50 For new store-house 11,803 00 For hose, truck and ladder-house 8,627 00 For fire-proof doors and fire walls 8,850 00 For enlargement of bakery and dining-room, etc 3,345 00 For new barn, piggery, sheds, etc 5,890 00 Total $420,298 50 By the Eastern Hospital for the Insane. For repairs and improvements, $15,000 per annum... $30,000 00 For improvement of grounds, $2,500 per annum 5,000 00 For library and means of recreation for patients, $2,000 per annum 4,000 00 For additional stock and farm implements, $2,000 per annum 4,000 00 For bakery and store-room for flour 14,160 00 For remodelling kitchen 9,000 00 For addition to D. W. No. 1 North 8,492 00 For south wing of employes' quarters and superin- tendent's residence 25,000 00 For addition to bath-house 2,000 00 83 For painting inside and outside $7,500 00 For pipe-covering : 5,0C0 00 For Btraw-barn and stock-barn 'j.oOO 00 For concrete paving 'i,c0O 00 For enclosure of grounds by wall with front gate and entrance lodge 20,000 00 For dock at river 1,000 00 For additional boiiers and pumps 10,600 00 For additional electric lights, and building for same. . 9,000 00 For furniture 20,000 00 For water mains 7,500 00 For rendering apparatus, and building for same 3,500 00 For trucks and truck-scales for main boiler-house... 1,200 00 For morgue 6,000 CO For outside water-closets, (projected in outer wall) .... 6,000 00 For amusement-hall 20,000 00 For new chimney-stack 3,000 00 For tower clock 2,000 00 For new stable 8,000 00 For duplicate Worthington pump . 6,000 00 Total $242,152 00 By the Central Hospital for the Insane. For repairs and improvements, $7,000 per annum... $14,000 00 For improving grounds, $1,000 per annum 2,000 00 For stables and carriage-house 7,000 00 For slaughter-house and ref'rigerating-rooms 6, COO 00 For store-house 5,000 00 For extending 16 dining-rooms 7,282 00 For removing and rebuilding piggery 2,000 00 For three steam boilers and putting the same in place > ,000 00 For electric light plant, for both buildings 12,000 00 Total $61,282C0 By the Southern Hospital for the Insane. For repairs and improvements, $5,000 per annum. . . . $10,000 00 For improving grounds, $1,200 per annum 2.400 00 For electric lights. 10,800 00 For new pump at big spring 917 00 For sidewalk and grading to Anna 2,500 00 For changing heating to low pressure 12,167 CO For moving and refitting house for engineer 500 00 For new building, to accommodate 300 to 400 patients. 225,000 00 Total $264,284 00 By the Instituiion for the Ediu-atiun of the Deaf and Dumb, For repairs and improvements, $5,000 per annum. . . . $10,000 00 For library, $500 per annum 1,000 00 P. C.— 3. 84 For purchase of land $20,000 00 For erection of girls' cottage 8,000 00 For extension and improvement of grounds 7,000 00 For extension of electric light plant 4,000 00 Total $50,000 00 Bii the Institution for the. Education of the Blind. For repairs and improvements first year .§2,000 ; second year $1,850 :^3,850 00 For bakery and offices -5,000 00 For water-filter and placing for use 900 00 For fire-escapes on front of building 1,200 00 For paving street 3,100 00 For extension north of centre building 25.000 00 Total $39,050 00 Bii the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children. For repairs and improvements, $3,000 per annum.... $6,000 00 For improving grounds, $500 per annum 1,000 00 For purchase of two new boilers 2,000 00 For sewer 5,C00 00 For custodial building for 100 inmates 34,000 00 For furnishing and heating same 6,000 00 Total $55,000 00 By the Soldiers^ Orphans Home. For repairs and improvements $6,000 00 For pupils' library ... 500 00 For furniture 1,000 00 Total $7,500 00 By the Eye and Ear Infii-mary. For repairs and improvements, $1,000 per annum.... $2,000 00 For furniture 4,000 00 For additional land 25 000 00 For construction of north wing 32 000 00 For two boilers 2,500 00 Total $65,500 00 35 /)'// ilic State I'icforni School. For repairs and improvements, $1,000 per annum .... $2,000 00 For boys' library, $200 per annum 400 00 For rel)uiliiing front steps of main building 1.000 00 For artesian well 2,C00 00 Total $5,400 00 Btf the Sohllers' and Sailors'' floine. For bospital building $80,000 00 For fencing boundary lines, etc., bridging railroad, mak- mg roadways, etc 19,200 00 For lodges, gateways, stables, wagon and carriage houses, farm buildings, shops, etc 14,500 00 For residence for superintendent 5,000 OO For furniture and equipment for superintendent 2,000 00 For additional l)oilers 4,0C0 00 For adflitional cottages, complete and furnished 200,COJ 00 For additional land and contingent fund 28,000 00 For cost of plans, superintendence of construction, etc 5,000 00 Total $307,700 00 Recapitulation. Northern Hospital for the Insane $420,298 50 Eastern Hospital for the Insane 242,952 00 Central Hospital for the Insane 61,282 00 Southern Hospital for the Insane 264,284 00 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 50,000 00 Institution for the Blind 39,050 00 Asvlum for Feeble-Minded 55,000 OO Soldiers' Orphans' Home 7,500 00 Eye and Ear Infirmary 65,500 00 State Eeform School 5,400 00 Soldiers' and Sailors' Home 307,700 00 Total $1,518,966 cO The aggregate amount asked is very large, larger than at any previous session of the general assembly. The amount asked, in 1876, over and above the ordinary expenses, was $215,641.11 ; in 1878, it was .$239,041.06; in 1880. it was $25d,610; in 1882, it was $65^,697.37; and in 1884, it was $818,257.01. The moment chosen for these applications appears to us to be somewhat inopportune, in view.of the very low prices of wdieat and corn, and the necessity which exists for increased appropriations to the penitentiaries, in consequence of the adoption of the constitu- tional amendment abolishing contract labor in prisons and reforma- tories. We are not prepared to recommend the expenditure upon the public institutions of any such sifln as requested, and we are somewhat embarrassed to know how to discriminate between the various demands. m The institutions which desire increased capacity for the care of inmates are: (1) the northern hospital for the insane, at Elgin, which wishes |351,815, with which to provide for (500 additional patients ; (2) the southern hospital for the insane, which asks for f 225, 000, with which to provicle for 300 or -00 additional patients; (3) the institution for the education of the deaf and dumb, which desires to erect a cottage for girls, at a cost of $3,00J; (4) the asylum for feeble- minded children, which wants to put up a build- ing for 100 custodial cases, which will cost (with the necessary fur- niture and fixtures) $41,000; (5) the eye and ear infirmaiy, which asks for |25,000 for additional land, and $34,500 for the construc- tion of a north wing and for two additional boilers ; (6) the soldiers' and sailors' home, which desires $200,000 for the erection of addi- tional cottages, and $30,000 for a hospital building. These various additions (which would, if voted, cost something over $930,000) •contemplate the care of 2,300 additional beneficiaries, which would ibe equivalent to an increase of about 50 per ceiit. over the present number. We have no idea that the general assembly will consent to any such sudden and rapid extension of the system of state institutions, involving, as it would do, an increase in the annual .appropriations for maintenance of between $400,000 and $500,000. We are aware that there is an actual demand for enlarged facil- ities for the care of the insane. Notwithstanding all that has been done within the past few years, our examination of the county alms- houses shows that there are, upon county farms outside of Cook county, nearly or quite 500 insane and 300 idiots. We find also that the number of persons adjudged to be insane, in the state of Illinois, during the year ending March 31, 1885, was 1,526: We thiiilv it possible that some imposition is practised upon the state, by sending to her hospitals for the insane persons whose recovery is very improbable, and who are not especially dangerous to them- selves or to others, but who need a home, or whose friends are unwilling to endure the annoyance and anxiety occasioned by their presence as members of the family to which they belong. Never- theless, the causes which operate to produce insanity are indepen- dent of the existence of institutions for the care of the insane; and the number of persons who become insane within a given space of time will be the same, whether such institutions are provided or not. A refusal on the part of the legislature to make provision for their care and treatment, does not relieve the public at large from the burden of their support, which must be met either by the state, by the counties or by private individuals. Our observation of the condition of the insane upon the county farms, as a rule, has very strongly impressed us with the conviction that they are much better off in state institutions, and if the state will cheerfully meet the expense to the state treasury involved in this form of care, we should favor the continuance and extension of the present system. If at any time in the future the burden should prove to be too great for the state, and the state should elect to throw it upon the counties, we believe that a system of state supervision of the insane in county almshouses or insane asylums should be inaugurated, Bomewhat similar to that adopted by the state of Wisconsin. It is 87 certain that if the s^ate does not provide the aiditional facilities demanded, they must be furnished by the counties. The question is after all only a questio-i of method. With respect to the i-equest for an appropriation to enlarge the liospiial at Anna, we are clearly of the opmion that it is inexpe- dient to grant it, for the following reasons: That hospital is situ- ated in Union county, itntnediitely uorLh of Alexander county, which is the southermost county of the state. It occuoies an un- attractive site, is not easily accessible from all parts of the southern district for the insane as at present c on-.tituted, and the supply of water there is inadequate. During the past year, the spring fi'om whicb water is obtained has not furnished enough for the uses of the institution, and it has been necessary to draw upon the birge leer- voir, or pond, constructed when the institution was first built. With an increased number of patients, the water-supply would be even more inadequate than it now is, and the scheme proposed bv which to procure it, namely, from a large spring three miles distant from the hospital, does not impress us favorably. The quotas of the several counties in our state hospitals for the insane are governed l)y the relative population of the counties, and the number oF l)eds provided in all institutions taken together. An increase in the number of beds in any one of these hospitals will afford as much relief to the counties included in the southern district, as it such addition were made at Anna, and as we shall show, the counties gen- erally, including the southern counties of that district with the rest, would receive greater benefits, if any enlarged provisions that may b3 made shall be made in the northern rather than in the southern end of the state. As to the enlargement of the hospital at Elgin, our judgment is. equally positive. The site occupied by that institution on the bank of Fox river is probably the finest of any owned by the state of Ill- inois. We have no fault to find with it. The railroad facilities are very good indeed, and it is doubtle'^s true, that the original outlay for the enlargement of an existing institution would be less than the amount necessary to be appropriated to build up a new institution from the foundation. We say orviinal outlay, because we wish to distinguish between the original and the ultimate cost of enlargement. The trustees at Elgin think that no more land would be required, for an institution with 1,100 patients, than for one with 500; but we cannot concur with them in this opinion. If 603 acres of land is enough for 1.100 patients, it is too much for 500; and if not too nur.'h for 500, it is not enough for 1,100. The remark here made respecting land (and it is not proposed to buy any more land at Elgin at present) applies to all other departments of the institution. In every department, the appliances for the care of 1.100 patients must, in respect of size and cost, he double what are necet-sary for 500; and, in the end, the state will have to expend just as much money, to furnish them, in (me place as in another. The land required is likely, indeed, to cost more in the vicinity of an institution, than where no such institu- tion exists. At Elgin, we are informed, laniT is worth $200 an acre. By way of illustration of this point, we may refer to the history of the enlargement of the institution for the education of the deaf and m dumb, at Jacksonville, as it is given in our seventh biennial report (pages 8S> to 92), where vi^e have demonstrated by actual figures that, at Lincoln, a new institution capable of accommodating 350 pupils was erected at a cost (including tbe site) of $600 a bed, while the enlargement of the institution for the deaf and dumb had cost in 1882 not less than $700 a bed. In 1S83, the general assembly made an appropriation for $135,003 for an additional building, to accommodate three hundred patients, at the central hospital for the insane at Jacksonville; but already tlie patients in the new building complain that there is no accommodation for them in the chapel and amusement-hall of the institution, and it will be necessary (sooner or later) to make other changes there, which were not con- templated at the time of the original request. Every enlargement of the capacity of an institution involves alterations, which, when made, prove often more expensive than a new institution \Voiild have been ; but the expense is scattered over a period of several years, and is not apparent to the public, unless their attention is specially directed to it. But, without insisting too much upon this point, we have grave doubts of the propriety and expediency of massmg the insane under the care of a single superintendent, however able and devoted he may be. The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane has said that "the highest number (of insane) that can with propriety be treated in one building (meaning thereby one institution) is 250, while 200 is a preferable maximum." This proposition, adopted in 1851, has never been repealed by the association. On the contrary, all of the propositions of 1851 were, in 1866, re-affirmed and declared to be "still in force;" but an ad- ditional proposition was then adopted, which declares that "the enlargement of a city, county or state institution for the nasane may be properly carried, as required, to the extent of accommodating 600 patients." By this action on the part of the associfition we under- stand that it meant to say, that institutions accommodating 600 patients might be tolerated in case of necessity, but that institutions of smaller capacity were in its opinion preferable. This is also our opinion. 8o long as it remains unchanged, we must oppose the tendency which prevails in all parts of this count) y to the undue enlargement of institutions of this descrip'ion. The hospital at Kan- kakee, it is true, has a capacity of 1,600 patients. But we call at- tention to the fact that this extension was not recommended by us, nor asked by the institution itself, and we regret it. In an estab- lishment of that size, the difficulty of organization and of snccesbful management are greatly multiplied. The responsibilities thrown upon the superintendent are excessive. The patients necessarily re- ceive less individual notice at his hands. His work has to l)e per- formed largely through subordinates; and there is no sufficient diminution in the per capita expense, to compensate for these evils. Besides, the larger the institution, the larger the teiritory from which the inmates are (havvii ; and this involves increased expense of transportation, greater distance from home, and more difficulty on the part of friends wjio desire to visit insane patients. We think 89 it better that the hospitals should be nearer to the people. We there- fore prefer to see a new institution for the insane created at some other convenient point. Tile proposition to enlarge the hospitals for the insane at Elgin and at Anna, opens up the interesting question of the growth of insunity in Illinois, and its probable future. There are not suffi- cient data for an exbaustive discussion of it, but we present such information as is at our command. We repeat, that the records of the county courts, from April 1, 1885, to March 31, 188G, exhibit 1,GG8 trials for insanity, of which 1,526 ended in a verdict of lunacy. By reference to the reports of the four hospitals belonging to the state, we discover that the total admissions during the year ending September 30, 1883, were 1,069, (of whom part were taken from the county farms, and not received directly from the courts) ; the total number under treatment w^as 4,373, (including readmissions and duplications between the institutions) ; the number of recoveries was 228. and of deaths 172. According to these figures, not more than two-thirds of those ad- judged to be insane in any one year can be admitted, for want of room. In fact, the ratio is less than two-thirds. The ratio of recoveries to admissions is about 1 to 4 ; and of deaths to admis- sions, 1 to 6; or of both recoveries and deaths, taken together, about 1 to 2.6, or 37.5 per cent., nearly. Applying the same rate per cent, to the 1,500 annually adjudged to be insane in our county courts, not more than about 550 of them get well or die ; the remaining 950 represent the annual increment of the insane population in this state, who must live at home or go to the county poorhouses if not provided for by the state. But if we assume that one-half of these are duplications, or do not require state care, the fact remains that (if there is no error in our figures nor in the deductions drawn from them) the number for whom the state must furnish additional accommodations, each year, (if it intends to keep abreast of the wave of insanity which is sweep- ing over us at the present time, with no indication of any speedy abatement in its volume or velocity,) is not less than 500. By the tenth census of the United States, there were, in Illinois, in 18S0, in our state hospitals for the insane, 1,698; in the Cook county insane asylum, 470; in the private institutions at Batavia and Jacksonville, 27; in almshouses, 749; in jails, 14; in charita- ble institutions, 30; and at home, 2,146; total, 5,134. On the 30th of last September there were, in our state hospitals, 8,614 insane patients ; and the number found in the Cook county insane asylum was 683; in almshouses, 450; in jails, 28. In six years, while the number of insane maintained by the counties remained substantially unchanged, tbe number supported by the state increased by nearly 2 01)0, or at tbe rate of more than 800 each year. If tbe ratio of insane who reside at home remains the same as in 1880, there cannot now be less than 8,000 insane in the state, which would be an increase of 3 000 in six years, or at; the rate of 500 a year, which confirms our calculation above. 40 The pressure for admission to the state hospitals is unrelieved by the establishment of the Kankakee hospital and the enlargement at Jacksonville, and the county authorities are clamorous for further extension of the system, either by additions to existing institutions or the creation of new ones. With these facts before us, we have given very serious consider- ation to this proposition. As already stated, we do not favor an enlargement either at Elgin or at Anna, for reasons which we have given. But we feel that it is incumbent upon us to offer to the general assembly an alternative, for its consideration. We assume that, within the two years from July 1, 1887, there will be an actual demand for 5,000 beds in the insane hospitals of Illinois. The suggested increase of 600 beds at Elgin and of 400 at Anna will not, therefore, be greater than will be required. But we have to consider the effect of the proposed enlargement upon the boundaries of the insane districts of the state. The question is one of the convenience of the counties severally interested. To make this clear, we present herewith four maps, of which the first shows the districts under the existing statute, which was enacted in 1881, and ouglit now to be amended ; the second shows the changes which should ho made, assuming that no additional facilities are provided; the third shows the probable boundaries if the requests of the trustees at Elgin and Anna are granted ; and the fourth shows what, in our judgment, would be a more practical and expedient plan for furnishing the desired relief from the present tendency to over- crowding. Upon each of these maps is printed, in bold figures, the number of insane in 1880, in each district, according to the census. We think that, in re-arranging their boundaries, the insane population of the state, rather than the total population, should be adopted as a basis. A glance at the first of these maps will give an impression of the absurdity of the present arrangement. In the Kankakee district, with a hospital accommodating 1,600 patients, the number of insane in 1880 was only 711 ; whde in the Elgin district, with a hospital accommodating only 525 patients, there were, in 1880, as many as 1,515 insane. The combined hospital capacity of these two districts is 2,125 ; the number of insane in both, in 1880, was 2,229. But in the Jacksonville and Anna districts the capacity of the hospitals is 1,550 ; but the number of insane, in 1880, was 2,899. In fact, ■ but slight attention is paid to district boundaries. The law provides that patients from all parts of the fetate may be received at Kan- kakee; but the quotas of the several counties in the Kankakee hospital are not defined. It is impossible to give to the counties, under such a system as this, the equality of benefits to which they are entitled. The following table exhibits the number of dayi?' i)oard furnished to patients from each county in each of the state hospitals during the past two years; the number of patients re- m fining on the 30th of September, 1886; the average number, and thf number which should have been the average, had every county had its proportional quota and no more. 41 Table ah.owinri mDnhrr of Daijs' Hoard (/'ireii to Fatieiifs, etc., during two years ending September 80, 1886, in four Insane Hospitals. 2 ff ? T..t;iL S-Sfi Chtimpaign 2:1 6 8,499 DuPa^e 10,4N4; 4.(I2'.» Edgar 6,4 14i 214 18,03.'! Edwarfls 7l' 3,050 Effingham 2,47s 15,201 Fayette 10. 472 Ford 14.044 FrauWin 12, 594 Fulton .... 8,319 21,926 Gallat-in 730 1. 4,674 5,312 13,368 Greene :... ftruntl V 12,001 Hamilton 11,075 Haneoek 1 3,693 K830 Hardin 454 4,560 ! 5,352 Henderson Henry 8,053 22,882, ' 42!l IroQuois 32,-(27 Jaekson 360 13.379 Jasper 583....... 8,641 Jefferson 9.652 Jersey 549 8, 906 2, 92il JoDaviess 11,558 4,412 16(i 8,609 Johnson 7,145 Kane 25, 164 Kankakee 35. 02:{ 7:30 Kendall 6,!')5i 1,115 7,30 Knox 24. 450 15.5(i5 21,545 Lak(^ . . i2,04S 30, 782 LaSalle 43,555 37 Lawrence 7.16] Lee 12.327 691 7,3:58 :W, 0.57 ""264 Livingston Logan 4.^70 5. 167 15,049 14.928 1,610 Mfieon Maeoupin 11.006 20. 175 Madison 20, 7M :i,0l8 1,108 :W, 042 10. 40:i Marion Marshall 2, 626 9.019 Mason 2, i:f4 10.584 "ii,i59 Mi-Donough. .. ■A,Hn 'i2,'237 McHenry 13, 889 3,184 120 M.-J.enn 730 14,754 30.151 Menard 4, 102 3, 470 8. 087 9, 802 Mercer Monroe 2,:5fl8 12. 010 Montgomery... 1,809 17.249 575 46.:«6 14.910 11.878 9,026 7.390 27,117 6,:514 lo.xso 10. 43t 2;?, (i55 I3.(;:r. 20.993 1 1 , 737 12,521 i; UI 447,!I67 9. 719 7. 812 18.735 15, .534 13. 135 14, 513 24, mi 3,121 17, 682 10, 472 14,044 12,591j :!0.245! 5, 404 18, 6S0 12,001 11, 075 22, 52;{ 5,014 5, 352 :il,:364| :«,427 i:!,7:3'.» 9. 227 9^ (1.VJ' 12,375' 15,970 7.:ill :«,7;3 :i5, 7.5:3; 8, 796l 45, 995| 27, 613. 74.:371 7,161, ]!).665 :34.015i 21.529, 20.:395' :i4. 181 51.931 1:3,421 11,615; 12,718 11, 459 I 16.(»7S| 17.493 45,6:35 12.48'." 13,2;2 11.318 I9.():3:3 6:!. 47 20.-13 16.27 12.:{6 10.12 :!7.15 S.65 11 92 14.29 :!2 40 18 6S 2x 76 16 OH i;.i5 23 52 613.<;5 13.31 10.70 25.66 21. 2S 17.99 19.88 .33. S3 4.28 24.22 14-35 19.24 17.25 41.43 7.40 25.. 59 16.44 15.17 :3o.8(; )i 87 7.. S3 42.97 14.42 1S..S2 12 (il l:i 22 ii; !>:. 21. nn' 10 (»1 t(i 26. 4S.98 12.05 (W.Ol :{7.8:3 101.88 9.81 26.1M 46.6(t 29.49 27.94 47.2:! 71.15 18.:;9 15.95 17.42 15.70 22.0:i 23.96 62.51 nil IN l.s l!t.(il 26 .y» 59. i:!5 1 1. SOS 1 i.soi; 11.50S 13.011 ;i;3,i72 7.467 16,976 li,493 |(».S63 28, 227 21 , 894 16.192 18.714 27. 042 607, ,524 16,1971 13, 759 26. 76S 17,010 15.S.53 19.161 25, 499 S, ,597 1 18, 9201 2:3, 241 : 15. 099 16.129' 41,24((1 12,861' 2:3.010 16,7:i2 16.712! :35.:5:37' 6,024 10.722. :3(;,.597 :35, 451 22, .505 14,. 51 5 20,6S6 15.512 27, .52S i;i,07s! 11.9391 2.5,04? i:i,083l 38,:344 21.296 70. io:{| i;!,(;63, 27,4911 :!8, 4.50 25, o:!7 :30, 6(;5 :<7, 692 -50.1:i6 2:!. 6Sip 15,0.55 16.242 10.413 27. 970 24, 908 60, loo 13,021 I9,502i i:i, 6821 28, 07S! 61 84 1 5. 59 15.. 55 12.04 13.64] 31.69 ,;;! 15.16 12.73 29.. 52; 22.90; 16. 93; 19. .59 28 28: (wi5.27, 16 91 14 :39 27 99 17.79 16. 58 20, (I ( 26 <;6 8.99 19.78 21:30 15. ;9 16. -87 43. rj i:3.2( 24. 0( 17.. 50 17.48 :36.9.' 6.:30 11.21 38.27 .37.07 23.. 53 15.18 21.63 16.24 28.79 13.68 46.!«( 26.19 13.68 40.10 22.27 73.62 14.29 28.75 40.21 26.18 :32.0 :}9.40 .52. 4i 24.76 15.74 16.98 10 92 29 25 26.05 62.85 13.62 20 :i9 14 31 29 :i6 1.6:3 4.84 4'2 :J2 3 .52 2.41 1 .84 2.8:51. .87 . 10:3:3 10.84 . 5 86 .8.5 . 2.44 . 4.76 . 21.62 . 3.63 3.69 2:33 16 '•i'.fil 'jiiiVj 3.49 1.41 4.44 345: :38 1.69 ., 1 ! 5.86 .... 1 1 ..5:3 1.06 2.:3i 6.09 1 ,.57' 3.88 4.701 7 :3.5 4.71 , , 1 2. .54 1 8.41 .71 6 91 1 3 67 .73 22 79 i.C3 22.91 15. .56 28.26 4.48 1.81 6.:39 3.311 4. is 7Ki\ 18.73 6.:i7 .21 .44 4.78 r ■'■* 2.09 .:f4 :3.49 2.21 5.:«) 2 47 8fr 2.3- 19 14 11 39 11 14 19 12 17 a<3 17 17 2(> 656 12 10 28- 28 19 18^ 36 6. 28 12 •» 18 SS 8 31 17 13 38 6 9 51 51 14 9' 14 20' 27 11 49- 54 l:f 69 38 124 10 ;i3 45 :39 31 .55 78 24 17 2:3^ \ti 31 21 78^ 22 19' 2:3^ :» 42 Table of Days' Board — Continued. COUNTIKS. Northern In- sane Hos- pital Eastern In- sane Hos- pital Southern In- sane Hos- pital Central In- sane Hos- pital Total. > 5r° •^ 1 D C Less Quota 6 !z5 ODO CD • •3 CO 1-1 Oct 00® Morgan Moultrie 4,069 560 4, 567 2.492 21,448' r.. 799 25.517 6.359 16. 1.36 27,:W1 10.4.54 9.187 26.251 6,447 9,721 :3,899 17,884 9,710 49,441 3,684 48, ,510 10, 96:3 8,625 12, 771 4,060 49, 798 19,466 20. 193 1.5,145 sr>, 990 6,498 1 20,111 16, 044 12, 0(K) 11.472 1 18.491 1 51. 80) 12.481 ;«,013 1 19.612 34.95 8.71 22 10 :f7..52 14. :e 12.. 58 .35.96 8.8:5 13:52 5.34 24., 50 13.:50 67.73 5.04 66.45 15.02 11.82 17.49 5., 56 (J8.22 26.66 27.66 21.16 49.:50 8.90 27.55 21.98 16.44 15.72 25.33 70.97 17.lt 45.22 26.87 :il..514 1:5.699 29. 937 .55.:555 16. 007 15.583 3.3.7.51 13.2.56 9. .507 5. .5,5-1 25, 690 1.5. .545 :«.;502 15. 940 .52. 894 16,249 10.741 .30,270 11,207 61, 806 31.9f);5 29. 666 18.102 41.588 9. 945 22.9:5:5 21,112 21,291 23. 087 :50.885 5:5,422 19,:324 i :30, 505 1 21 ,-620 32.95 14.34 31.;30 Tu .88 16.74 16.28 ;55.29 13.86 9.94 5.81 26.87 16.26 40.01 16.67 ,55.31 16.99 11.23 31.65 11.72 64.6:5 a3.43 31.02 18.93 43.49 10.40 23 98 22.08 22.26 24.15 ;32.3( 55.86 20.21 ;31.9( 22.61 5.(i3 9.20 20.36 2.42 3.70 ■■.5;63 '"i!47 2. .37 2.96 'iij'js "i'.97 'ii'ie 6.16 3., 36 "ilso ■■"io 5.82 8.43 6.97 ":3!ii 2.00 ""67 "SM '21.12. '\\.\A ■"59 ' '.3].59 ■ ■2;2.3 5.81 "'i'.bi "iKAl ■i:5;:32 1 '-^^ 42 10 Ogle 11,569 2:3 Peoria Perry . . 24.899 1 ■i6'454 730 46 11 Piatt 8, 4.571 16 Pike 6.242 19,588 421 51 Pope 6,447 9.451 9 Pulaski 270 1,58 815 1.009 26, :w 13 Putnam 3,74i 9 Randotph Richland Ronk Island. .. Valine """'7:^ '22,'3ii 17.069 8,701 "si 684 7.30 25 15 76 5 Sangamon i7.434 2.465 523 .30,. 3.16 8.498 72 18 Scott 8,102 16 Shelby 12,771 '.si.'ois 1.5 Stark 173 17. 647 .3,641 6. ,544 2,282 35.260 "7,' 956 :i.231 .503 2.219 4, ,568 49; OK 49 14.025 7.542 ;l 887 1,128 5 St. Clair Stephenson '15,' 825 81 27 Tazewell. 13, C49 'i:2,"i55 ■i:^;i63 7:w 6.498 '12," 813 11.497 9.25;^ ;39 Union 19 Vermilion Wabash Warren 57 9 .39 Washington. .. Wayne 24 20 White 16 Whiteside Will 13.92;^ 2.190 ■i8.'98^ 29 85 Williamson Winnebago Woodford 'i2.'676 12,4:5-2 18 51 32 Total ,387,067 945.074 1 546.310 471,011 2.:M9.461 1 3,218.43 ,3,077,871 3,218.4:1 285. 26J285. 26,3614 la our second map we have drawn the boundaries, as they should be, with reference to the capacity of each hospital, the proportion of insane for whom provision has been made, and the geographical relation to the hospitals of the counties included in their respective districts. In assigning to the northern hospital 732 insane, we have included 93 from Cooli county; the remaining 1)30 are assigned to the eastern hospital. Under the present law, Elgin has 755 and Kankakee 268. in other words, the present quota of Cook county patients at Elgin is 229, and at Kankakee 75. When the law shall have been amended, the quota of this county at Kankakee will be ^76, and at Elgin 23. No other result is possible, without throwing into the Kankakee district counties which properly belong to Elgin. Even thus, the Elgin district stretches out ta the city of Kock Island, and the Kankakee district to Henry county in the west and Crawford county in the south. This is the best arrangement prac- ticable at present. 43 The third map makes apparent what the effect will be of grant- ing the requests preterred by the hospitals at Elgin and at Anna for money with which to erect additional buildings on those two sites. The capacity of our four state hospitals for the insane would then be: Elgin. l",l"25 ; Kankakee, 1,600; Jacksonville, 900; Anna, 1.000; total. 4,625. The ratio of insane provided for to the number of insane enumer.ited in 1880 would be 4,625: 5,121 = 1: 1.107. This would give, for the Elgin district, 1,246 insane; Kankakee, 1,771; Jacksonville, 997; Anna, 1,107. It is impossible to secure this exact distribution; but the districts which we have marked out are as nearly of the right size as they can be made. To secure patients enough to fill the southern hospital, the boundary of the Anna dis- trict would have to be carried so far north as to include Christian and Moultrie counties. From Taylorville, Anna is distant by rail 154 miles; from Sullivan, lOB miles; from Charleston, 167 miles; from Marshall, 178 miles. The great inconvenience and expense to which the northern counties of the district would be subjected is evident. Nor would the northern district be much better off. After taking away from the Elgin hospital all of the Cook county patients, and assigning the whole of them to Kankakee, patients for the former could only be secured by including counties in that district as remote from Elgin as Mercer and Peoria. From Aledo to Elgin is 162 miles by rail, and from Peoria the distance is 157 miles. To remedy this inconvenience, it would be necessary to include part of €ook county in the northern district, which would disarrange the Jacksonville district, bringing both its north and south boundaries farther to the north; and this in turn would disarrange both the other districts, throwing the counties south of Jacksonville into the Anna district, and the line between the Anna and Kankakee dis- tric's farther south. The force of this argument against the prac- tic ib.lity of the scheme to enlarge the hospitals at Anna and at Elgin c ni not be evaded. To our minds, it is conclusive. But, if it should be proposed to enlarge either one of these hos- pitals and not the other, the difficulties which we have mentioned, wo lid noL be diminished, l)ut, on the contrary, they would be greatly enbai c^d. For, if onlv the Anna hospital should be enlarged, then the Jcicksonville and Kankakee districts would both be shoved to the north ; and if the Elgin hospital alone should be enlarged, then both would by shoved to the south. Whichever way we turn, one district or I he her would have to be made proportionally larger even than as It is shown on this map. We cannot believe, therefore, that the counties affected will approve or consent to either of these two projects. What, tlien, is to be done? Our final map exhibits the sole plan which appears to us to be feasible and desirable, namely; instead of making additions to any of our present hospitals, to build two new institutions— one on the west side of the state, north of Jack- sonville, and one on the east side, south of Kankakee. ' In drawing this map, we have anticipated the moment, in the near future, when the number of insane provided for by the state, will equal the number enumerated in the tenth census. One of the new hospitals should h*ve a capacity of ()50 beds ; the other, of 750. One 44 should cost about $450,000 for lands, buildings, furniture and equip- ment ; the^ other about $550 000; or about $700 a bed. The trus- tees at Elgin and Anna think that they can provide for ^,000 ad- ditional patients at a cost of not quite $600 a bed. The apparent difference in cost is about $100 a bed ; but we repeat and emphasize the opinion expressed on page 37 of the present report, tliat the first cost is not the total cost of enlargement, and that, sooner or later, any enlargement must prove as expensive as the erection of new buildings; we think more expensive. But the difference in effectiveness between an institution of moderate size and one which is overgrown and unwieldly would, in any event, warrant the ex- penditure of more money upon it; and the difference in the cost of transportation to and from a hospital near at hand and one removed by half the length of the state of Illinois, would pay a fair interest on any extia cost of the new hospitals, to say nothing of the comfort both to patients and to llieir relatives and friends, growing out of proximity to each other. Our whole duty to the legislature and to the people of the state will not be discharged, until we shall have again drawn their at- tention to the extra cost of fuel and freight at Elgin, as ccnnpared with the cost to other institutions within the coal fiehl. Elgin lies outside of it. The following table exhibit-* the amounts paid for fuel and freight on coal l)y each of our insane hospitals, during each of the past eight years. Item. i Elgin. Kankakee. iJacksonville Anna. Total. Fuel 1879. §12.515 39 4.48:^ 94 1,446 37 $5,257 42 $;^,019 51 2.113 80 710 00 S20. 792 32 Fi'eifjht on coal ; 6. .597 71 Hauling . . 74 48 2,230 85 1880. Total . Pei capita *1S,445 70 35 40 »10 902 22 3,674 35 1, 144 25 $5,331 90 9 42 S«. 089 75 59 '50 5,843 31 12 54 $2,914 95 2,019 40 671 70 $29,620 91 19 OS- Fuol $i, 197 31 701 00 . . 106 22 ■S24. 104 2S Freight on Hauling . . coal 6,394 75 1,981 67 Total . SI 5, 720 82 30 17 WS,420 94 3, 125 98 1,309 20 S5,(K14 53 79 43 S!10,106 13 $6,149 25 9 83 $8, .525 47 $5,606 05 n2.5 $4,380 36 2,447 95 1,627 57 $32, 480 65 Per capita 19 02 Fuel 1881. $41,432 90 Freight on coal 5,573 93 Hauling ... 40 79; 40 .55 3,018 11 Total . 322.856 12 43 82 SI 8, 643 08 1,324 81 1, V£i 17 $10,146 92' .54 841 »10,395 74! 46'75 ' $8, 566 02 13 40 $7,387 15 C5"25 $8,4.55 88 16 97 .$3,762 12 2,346 30 1,282 63 S.50, 024 94 Per capita 27 13 Fuel 1882. $40. 188 0» Freight on coal 3,671 11 Hauling .. 3,511 80 Total . §21,091 06 40 (>3 S15.100 48 2,883 51 1,191 73 »10,436 491 as 481 $14,368 09/ $7,452 40 11 66 $7.:J32 30 $7,391 05 14 99 $4,239 09 3, 076 46 1,2.55 31 $46,371 00 Per capita ■£i 66 Fuel 188:i. $41,039 96 Freight on coal 5,959 9i> Hauling . . i 92 95 2,539 99 Total . . Per capita S19, 175 72 3li 45 $14,368 09 36 01 $7,425 25 11 78 $8,570 88 16 2!) $49, 5.39 94 2;^ 80 45 Item. j Elgin. Kankak(v>. Jacksonvillo Anna. Total. 1884. Fuel FreiRht on coal Hauling 311, 162 43 7,522 58 1,735 28 »11,525 99 1 36,880 16 504 '67 S.3.231 99 2.273 r^i 1.682 12 332,800 57 9,796 11 3. 922 07 Total $20,420 29 .38 82 $10,751 90 3.440 58 2, 088 44 311,525 99 22 38 $20,316 36 S7.3.S4 8:^ . 1174 V. 800 23 $7, 1S7 (it 12 47 St, l.'-.l 04 3,384 10 1,286 07 1 S46,518 75 Per eai)ita 1885. Fiii'l 20 71 S43,019 53 6.824 68 Hauling 2,177 46 266 75 5, 818 72 Total «16,280 92 30 83 SlI,»i;i17S 3.261 86 1,573 59 122,493 82 20 01 $23,720 32 $8,0(i6 98 12 16 ^9.714 (lO if8,821 21 1 13 89 Jl>1.092 29 3.585 70 1,399 49 855.662 93 Per <-apita 1886. Fuel 19 04 $49, 162 39 6, 847 56 Hauling ,389 2(t 913 25 4,275 53 Total 516,471 23 30 90 $109, 132 22 29,717 61 11,612 03 S^24, 109 52 16 40 594,629 94 701 00 2,754 42 «I0.627 25 12 41 358,986 48 39,077 48 13 85 329,791 35 21,247 26 9,914 89 360.285 48 Per capita 17 15 1879-1886. Fuel $292,539 99 51,665 87 Hauling 2.017 40 26.298 74 Total $150,461 86 35 87 $98,085 36 24 17 S(j 1,003 X8 11 67 $60,9.53 50 14 02 $370,504 60 Per capita 20 78 The per capita cost of fuel, freight and hauling at Elgin, for these eight years, was $35.87; at the three other hospitals for the insane it was $16.14, a difference of $19.73, or more than double. For the last two years only, the cost at Elgin was $30.84 ; at the other three institutions $15.47, a difference of $15.37, or very nearly double. Assuming that tiie extra cost of heating at Elgin will not, in future, be more than $15 per capita and per annum, the extra expense on this account, for GOO patients, will be $9,000 a year, whi?h might be saved to the state at some other location. This is equivalent to interest, at six per cent., on a capital of $150,C00. We are therefore of the opinion that the sum of $150,000 must be added to the apparent cost of the proposed enlargement at that point, in order to arrive at the actual cost. The actual cost will be at least $500,000, without counting the subsequent cost of the alterations and additions which must follow any enlargement. But for less than $500,000, a new hospital, to accommodate GOO patients, could be built outright, on the detached ward plan, including the payment for land. If it should be said, by way of comment on the above calcula- tions, that the cost of fuel will be less at Elgin in years to come than heretofore, we reply that this may be true, but we have no evidence of it ; this is a mere speculation, while our figures are history. The promises made, from time to time, by the officers of that institution, with regard to the cost of heating, though we do not doubt that they were made in good faith, have not been ful- filled. The consulting engineer, Mr. Levi R. Greene, by whose advice the change was made from the high-pressure to the low- pressure system, said, in a report dated June 20, 1881, which was printed in the seventh biennikl report of the hospital: "The 40 amount of good bituminous coal that should properly be consumed in this institution is^ — for heating and ventilation, 1,8-iO tons; for pumping, L4() tons; for power. 300 tons; total, 2,286 tons, instead of something over 4,000 or 5,000 tons per year, as in the past." The amounts actually consumed, since the change, have been: 3,028 tons in 1883; 4,8il tons in 1884; 4,170 tons in 1885; and 4,2j2 tons in 1886. The average consumption during the four years previous, 1879-82, was 4,458 tons annually, so that the actual annual saving has been only 383 tons, instead of 2,172 ton«, which it should have been according to Mr. Greene's estimate. We fear that any sanguine expectations which may at present be enter- tained by the superintendent and trustees will prove, m the end. equally illusory. Our attention has been drawn to the fact that not only in Illinois, but elsewhere, much more has been done for the insane as a class, in proportion to their entire number, than for idiots. In the census of 1880 there were enumerated in this state 5,134 insane and 4,17Q idiots, but the state has accommodation for the care of about 3,700 insane and only about r'50 idiots. In Great Britain the insane are not distinguished from each other in the census, but are enumer- ated together. They do in fact constitute, in a certain sense, a single class of defectives, since the imbecility which is congenital, or due to disease or accident in infancy, does no", differ essentially from the imbecility which is the sequel to an attack of acute mania or melancholia. The necessity for custodial care of imbeciles of the one class is perhaps as great as that which exists for the care and custody of the other. In view of the limited provision made for idiots, the constantly increasing demand? for admissioii to the asylum of the feeble-minded at Lincoln, and the impossibility, or inhumanity, of turning adrift some of the more helpless cases which have there grown to manhood or womanhood, we favor the application preferred by the trustees for the small sum required to erect a building upon the land now owned by the institution for the ac- commodation of 100 custodial cases. There are some idiots who are perfectly capable of self-support under competent direction, who are utterly incapable without it, and the labor of some of this class might be utilized to advantage in the institution for the benefit of those of younger years who are receiving such physical and mental training as it is possible to give them. The enlargement of the eye and ear infirmary in its present location at the corner of Peoria and Adams streets, in the city of Chicago, west of the river, does not commend itself to our judgment. We think that the price of real estate in that vicinity is too high, and that it would be better, if a purchaser could be found for the property of the infirmary, to remove to some other location further from the business centre of the city, on a larger tract of ground, which would admit of some extension of the buildings in future, and would afford yards of sufficient size for the recreation cf the patients. If a purchaser cannot be found at a reasonable price, we suggest that the building now occupied by this institution could at slight cost be adapted to the uses of a temporary house of re- ception for the insane of the city of Chicago, pending trial and 47 removal to a state institution— an improvement in the system of caring for the insane \\liicli is very desiral)le, and which the state might well undertake and introduce. We have not sufticient information in our possession to enahle us to advise the legis^lature as to the expediency of enlarging the soldiers' and sailors' home at Quincy to the capacity recommended by the trustees. We do not know whtit the demand will be, on the part of the disabled and destitute soldiers, for admission to this home. In visiting the county almshouses, one of the questions asked was as to the number of old soldiers resident in the poorhouses,. and, after diligent search and inquiry, we found only 240 of this class resident in almshout-es, including 70 at Dunning, in Cook county. There are, besides, a number who receive lull or partial sup|)ort outside of the almshouses and many who are cared by the Cirand Army posts. The injustice of requiring veterans of the late war to support their (omiadts in arms must be apparent, without argument. We are aware that the capacity of the National Homes provided by the U. IS. Government is insufficient, and that many soldiers who apply to be admitted cannot be received. In conse- quence of the failure of the U. S. Government to discharge its duty towards this class of pensioners, a number of states have been compelled to establish homes of their own, namely: California, Connecticirt, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Iowa and Pennsylvania. The total capacity of these state homes is probably 2,500 or 3.000, while the capacity of the National homes is about 10,000. Why should not the United States, with the immense surplus in its treasury, provide for all disabled veterans who require this form of paternal care? If the National Government will not do its duty in the premises, but leaves its defenders to appeal to the generosity and appreciation of the states from which they went forth to fight for tlie preservation of the Union and of the Nation, the states which respond to this appeal derive their glory from the Nation's shame. We believe that an effort should be made to secure from the Ln)vernment at Washington the appropriation of a sum of money sufticient to reimburse the states which we have named, for their outlay in this direction, and that that government should meet the entire cost of the main- tenance of soldiers in state homes. But we leave the question to the patriotic consideration of the general assembly without recom- mendation. The sums asked for repairs and improvements generally corre spond with the rule established by usage, that these appropriations shall conform as nearly as may be to the rate of one per cent, upon the cost of the buildings to be kept in repair. Some of the figures will bear a slight shadmg to make them conform to this rule, namely: those furnished by the hospital at Kankakee; the institu- tions for the deaf, the blind, and the feeble-minded ; the soldiers' orphans' home, and the eye and ear infirmary. The special appropriations for improvement of grounds will, we hope, be discontinued at some day in the near future. Half of the institutions receive them, while the other half do not; and the aggregate addition to their resources is very trifling, being only 48 $6,200 a year. In the start, they were intended merely to help in- stitutions newly established to put their grounds in presentable shape, and not to be a permanent charge upon the public treasury. The same remark applies with more or less force to the appro- priations for furniture at the soldiers' orphans' home and the eye and ear infirmary. Other institutions keep up their furniture from the ordinary expense fund, without a special appropriation, and so, we think, might the two establishments named. The small allowance asked for purchase of books and papers for the deaf and dumb, the soldiers' orphans, and the pupils of the reform school, are not more than usual, and have our cordial endorsement. If they were striclien out, the libraries of these institutions might still be maintained from the ordinary expense fund, but we are not quite sure that they w^ould be ; otherwise, we should recommend their discontinuance also, in order to simplify the accounts kept. The electric light is now in use in four of our state institutions, and gives great satisfaction. It has been put in without any special appropriation for the purpose (except at Kankakee), by an arrange- ment with the Edison Company, under which the institutions pay a rental for the plant, and the instalments of rent paid constitute a sinking fund for the purchase of the plant. The hospital at Elgin asked, two years ago, for an appropriation with which to buy the plant outright, but was refused. There is no doubt that, as a financial operation for a private corporation or individual, it would be better to buy at once than to pay interest on deferred payments. In the case of a state institution, the same would be true, if the institution benefited would consent to a permanent reduction in the ordinary expense appropriation thereafter equivalent to the annual rental under the contract with the electric light company; other- wise, the whole pecuniary benefit would accrue to the institution, and not to the treasury of the state. Besides, the aggregate amount of all appropriations, ordinary and special, has to be met by taxa- tion and affects the rate of the levy. Deferred payments have the result to keep the levy a tritie less than it M'ould otherwise be. There is no other argument, on either side of this question, so far as we know, and the legislature can determine on which side the weight of the argument lies. The remarks here made apply par- ticularly to the applications under this head by the hospitals at Jacksonville and at Anna. The case of the hospital at Kankakee, where the present facilities for lighting are insufficient, and the appropriation contemplates the erection of a building, is somewhat different. So, perhaps, is that of the institution for the deaf and dumb, which has a plant already paid for, but which requires ex- tension. With respect to the purchase of land by the institution for the education of the deaf and dumb, we are of the opinion that more land is greatly needed there ; but we regard the purchase of a farm for pasturage of cows, etc., as more important than the enlargement of the front yard. One of our grounds of objection to the putting in a side-track at Elgin has been removed by the knowledge that a way has now been found by which to connect such a spur both with the Northwestern 49 and with the Milwaukee and St. Paul roads. If one road were to be benefited by it, to the exclusion of the other, we should be com- pelled to oppose it on the ground of equity. The price charged for its construction still strikes us as unreasonably high. The annual interest on §18,000, at six per cent., is $1,080. The average amount paid yearly for hauling by the institution, during the past eight years, has been $11,700.03; but not all of this has been for hauling coal and other freight from the depot. The saving effected would, in our judgment, be very slight, if any ; the convenience would be considerable; but the track would to some extent mar the beauty of the grounds. If an appropriation should be made for the extension of the hospital, then tlie economy of delivering building material immediately upon the premises would be so apparent as to induce us to urge strongly the building of this siding. Otherwise, we do not regard it as of much importance. New boilers are asked for by the hospitals at Kankakee and Jack- sonville, the asylum for the feeble-minded, and the eye and ear infirmary. These we recommend on general principles, and in some of these institutions any delay in renewing those now in use Mould be dangerous. The desire expressed by the officers of the Anna hospital for a reconstruction of the heating apparatus throughout, and a change of the system from high pressure to low pressure, at a cost of $12,000, is not unreasonable, and the change is desirable. The present apparatus- is badly worn «nd in bad condition; whether it would serve every needed purpose for the next two years we do not know. A number of out-buildings and additions of one sort or another, are requested by various institutions. We are very much in favor of providing store-houses for the hospitals at Elgin and Jacksonville. The extension of the ward dining-rooms in the latter of these two institutions is a necessity, and the wonder is that it has not been done long ago. A new bakery at Kankakee is also of primary im- portance, since the bread cannot l)e baked for patients with the present apparatus and facilities, except by running two sets of hands, one by day and one by night. But if the bakery were removed from the kitchen building, it would be possible to postpone the alteratiims suggested in the kitchen itself. It is also very important that the building for employes at Kankakee, should be completetl at once. Of the buildings asked for, the above appears to us to be the most essential. A hose, truck and ladder house at Elgin would be a good thing, whether a necessity or not. So would the fire-proof doors and walks proposed, similar to those which have been constructerl l.y the Jacksonville hospital. The other applications of this institution are, as we understand, contingent upon the enlargement of its capacity. Some of the applications by the Kankakee hospital are, in our opinion, of minor consequence. The list is a long one, and we do not care to scrutinize or criticise it too minutely. But if it is im- possible to do all for that institution that it desires, we suggest striking out the item for a wall and lodge ; the proposed outside water-closets ; the duplicate Worthington pump : the addition to P. C— 4 50 detached ward number one, north ; part of the appropriation asked for furniture ; and possibly the erection of a new amusement hall, might be put off to a more convenient season. The work of inside and outside painting should, we think, be pressed to completion; the enlargement of the water-mains is essential, and so is a new smoke-stack. With respect to tlie other items included in the list, some of them are very desirable, and almost indispensable ; others appear to us to be of laore doubtful utility. But we do not intend to imply that there is not a good reason for any one of them. What we wish to say is, that circumstances may compel a state, as they often compel private persons, to decline to spend money for improvements which in themselves may be perfectly reasonal)le and proper, if the legislature shall decide to give to this hospital all that it asks, we shall not complain. One item, which has provoked opposition heretofore and is likely to provoke it again— a separate residence for the superintendent and his family, outside of the main building — has our earnest approval and support. This was a feature of the original plan, which has not yet been carried out, but for which there are abundant precedents and arguments; and we shall continue to urge it, until it is done. The request of ^he central insane hospital for a slaughter-house is justified by the fact that the three other hospitals have them, and that they have proved an economy, as well as a great convenience. The removal of the piggery is important and illustrates, in a small way, (as does also the change of water-mains at Kankakee), how enlargements necessitate alterations. As to the new stable and cavriage-house, our judgment in favor of this improvement is less positive. We favor the new pump at Anna ; also the construction of a side- walk on the right of way owned by the state ; and the moving of the engineer's house, though, for this last, a special appropriation would seem to be unnecessary. It ought to be possible to do it with the repair fund. On the question of a girls' cottage for the deaf and dumb, we have nothing to add to what we have said in previous reports, which is, in substance, that the separation of the little girls from those of older years would be a wise measure in itself, but that we do not approve of any further enlargement; of the capacity of the institution. The application by the institution, for the blind for |'25,000 with which to build an extension of the centre building to the rear, has our qualified approval. It does not strike us as essential, however desirable, and the amount which it is proposed to expend is in excess of the advantages to be gained. A new dining-room could be built for less money, and the present dining-room is not very badly crowded. The amount asked for a filter is, we think, too small ; a larger size would be better. This institution badly needs a new laundry, and we approve of the completion of the building for offices. 51 It only remains to speak of the two small requests of the reform school for new front steps and an artesian well. We recommend grantmg these, hat the appropriation of $3,C(J0 instead of $2,000 for the well. It is not certain that $2,000 will enable the institution to reach, water, and we believe that it will not spend one dolhir more than is necessary to accomplish the result, whatever may be the size of the appropriation. This institution is affected by the ailoption of the constitutional amendment prohibiting contract labor in prisons and refornifitories. AVe are informed that, with $30,000 for the purchase of machinery and material, the officers of the institu- tion believe that the change can be made from the contract to the publi" aci^ount system ; and we recommend the appropriation of that sum for this purpose. EXPENSES OF THE STATE BOARD. In conclusion, we feel it to be our duty to the people of the state to say to tlie general assembly that the appropriation heretofore made iinnually of $4,000 for the expenses of the state commission- ers of public charities is no longer sufficient to enable us to do, to our own satisfaction, the work imposed upon us by law. In our jmlginent $7,000 per annum would be a fairer estimate, and the efficiency of the institutions under our charge would be promoted by such an increase. But an increased appropriation of some nmouiit is indispensable. We have found it impossible during the past two years to keep our expenses within the limit of the appro- priation, and we anticipate that, by the first of July, 18S7, we shall have a deficit to meet of $1,500, or thereabouts. The commission- ers serve without compensation; tlie performance of the duties re- quired of us involves an absence from home of nefirly or quite one month in the year; we are allowed our actual travelling expenses, whicli are sworn to by us; and no member of the board, nor its secretary, has a pass on any railroad in the state. The salaries paid to the bookkeeper and messenger in our office aggregate $2,200 a year; we should have another clerk. The travelling experses of the commii-sioners may be estimated at from $800 to $1,000 annually. T'le cos^. of visitation of the counties by an officer of the bo;ird is about $8C0; the law requires that this visitation should be made every year, but for want of funds we are not able to make it oftener than once in every two years. The travelling expenses of the sec- i>tary, and the general office expenses, have also to be provided for; and we are liable at any time to bp called upon to make spe- cial investigations, which involve unforeseen expenditures, as in the case of the Cook county investigation. Much more might be said, but we will not take up the time of the general assembly, but simply ask that the appropriation for the board for each of the next two years be fixed a^ $10,000, of which $3,000 is for the salary of the secretary, and $7,0i0 for other expenses. CHAPTER III. THE CHILDREN OF THE STATE. The state of Illinois is justly proud of the advanced position which she occupies, in many respects, in the great work of providing for those who have a claim upon her care. In the general excellence of her state institutions, the liberality with which they have been sustained, the economy with which they have been managed, the ability and fidelity of their officers, the comfort of their inmates, and the exceptional freedota which they have enjoyed from political interference with their internal administration, they are probably unsurpassed in this country, if not in the world. Nevertheless in one particular we are, it must be admitted, be- hind many of the other states. We refer to the matter of legislation on behalf of the children of the state. We have a home for the orphan children of deceased soldiers and a state reform school for boys, but that is all. Our county poor-houses are full of children who should not be there. We have no reformatory institution for girls ; and the reformatory for boys at Pontiac is not based upon the law of guardianship, according to which the state stands in loco parentis to children within her borders who have no parents, or whose parents fail to perform the duties devolving upon them in the parental relation ; but upon the stern principle of retribution for offenses committed against the criminal law. Commitments to this institution are not during minority, but for a definite term of years, as is the case with the convicts in the state penitentiary. The law contains no provision for the conditional liberation of these delin- quent childi'en, and no boys are received except those committed by the sentence of a court of record. In the line of preventive work, the state may be said to be doing absolutely nothing. It is true that it has by statute authorized the organization of industrial schools for girls, by private enterprise ; and the commitment of children to these institutions, by the order of a county judge, there to be main- tained at county expense. But the operation of this law has been far from satisfactory, and it is wholly inadequate to the require- ments of the situation. Our deficiency in this regard will appear more clearly by comparison with what has been done in other states. The question under discussion is one of great difficulty, and we cannot claim to have exhausted the subject in the remarks which follow. 53 The f^hildren who iiaturahy fall under the notice of the state, be- long to one or the other of two classes — pauper children and juve- nile offenders. Children who are paupers, have the same right (at common law and by statute) to be maintained at public expense as pauper adults ; and this claim is intensified, if possible, by their ten- der years, their helplessness and presumable innocence of wrong. The state is of cour.-e bound to provide for those whom it arrests and incarcerates in any prison or other place, without reference to the age of the person so contined ; but it is evident that the defini- tion of the words "pauper" and "criminal" may be more or less extended, according to the views entertained by the law-making power In its application to children, the word pauper may be made to include destitute or dependent, and the word criminal may be made to include the disorderly, the disobedient, the stubborn and the incorrigible. In legislating for children, it is necessary in the first place to determine the precise signification of these two words. When this has been done, a new question arises, namely : what is the relation of the state to children who are neither criminals nor paupers ? It seems to us to be evident that the children who do not fall under either of the classes just named have no claim upon the state, as a matter of right, though the state may, if not re- stricted by the fundamental law, extend to them its bounty, as a matter of humanity or of public policy. The duty of the state toward children may be summed up in two words, protection and punishment. By protection, we mean both the protection of the child himself from wrong or from neglect, and the protection of the state, or the people who compose the state, from the injury and expense which must result, if children are allowed to grow up in ignorance, idleness or vice. Punishment for crime is perhaps a necessity, but certainly prevention is more important than punishment ; and if crime could be wholly prevented, there would be no occasion for punishment". The surest method of preventing crime, is neither by punishment for the sake of its deterrent cftect upon others, nor by the reformation of mature and hardened crim- inals, but by training the young in habits of industry, self-control and obedience to the law. It is therefore the dictate of statesman- ship as well as of philanthropy to take children, whose situation and surroundings are such as to foreshadow for them a probable life of crime, and, at as early an age as possible, to surround them with better influences, either by the agency of private benevolence, or by putting into operation, if necessary, [the machinery of the government on thdr behalf. In the present chapter we propose to touch very lightly, if at all, upon the question of the relation of the state to juvenile offenders. It is this preventive work which we have in mind, and we confine ourselves principally to the discussion of the duty of the state to children who are actual or constructive paupers. There is a sense in which every child born into the world is de- pendent ; for he is dependent upon his parents or guardians during his minority. He has nothing that he can call his own. And there is a sense in which no child should be said to be a pauper, for the term implies a stigma, which, in the case of a child, is unmerited. Bi Yet the legal relation of children, who have neither means of suh- sistence of their own, nor friends who are liable for their support, is that of paupers, and we use the expression only in its legal ap- plication. The subject will be relieved of much perplexity if we begin with an examination of what has been done elsewhere, with a view to the discovery and determination of the principles which underlie it, as they have been formulated in existing legislation. Massachusetts. The Massachusetts system of caring for children of the common- wealth grew out of her laws of settlement, under which paupers who have no settlement in any town are chargeable to the state, as state paupers. In 1866 there were in Massachusetts three institu- tions known as state almshouses : one at Tewksbury, one at Bridge- water, and one at Monson.' In consequence of legislation had that year, the almshouse at Tewksbury was made a state asylum for the chronic insane, that at Bridgewater a state workhouse, and that at Monson a state primary school, though all three of them retained their name and legal status as almshouses. ■iThe primary school at Monson was connected with an almshouse until the year 1872, when the almshouse department, which had been steadily diminishing m the number of its inmates, was finally abolished. The act creating the state primary school provided that there should be received into it as paupers "such children as are now maintained and instructed in the state almshouses, * * * but they shall not be considered, as inmates of the almshouse, nor nllowed to mingle with the inmates, nor shall they be designated as paupers."* In the year 1869 an act was passed, by which the governor was authorized to "appoint an agent to visit all children maintained wholly or in part by the commonwealth, or who have been indent- ured, given in adoption, or placed in the charge of any family or person, by the authority of any state institution." This act was modified in 1870, and again in 1871. It is not essential here to quote in detail its provisions. It is sufficient to say that it grew out of action previously taken by the board of state charities, and that it had three distinct objects, namely: First, to secure the visitation of all state pauper children who had been indentured or placed in the charge of any private person ; s'econd, the finding of suitable homes for children ; and third, attendance, by the agent in person or by his representative, at trials of children charged with any offense. The judge of the probate court, or commissioner, before whom a child was brought on any complaint, might, upon request of the visiting agent, authorize the board of state charities to take and indenture, or place in charge of any person, or in the state primary school, the said child, till he or she should attain the age of twenty-one years. The visiting agency (in this form) was abol- *We observe, howover, that in the indi^x to the general statutes, (Vol. I..p. 10li2,) it is called the "State Priiuarv School for state pauper children," an expression which undoubt- edly correctly delines its legal relation. 55 isbed in 1879; but, as will be observed, wbile tbe law was m force it bad tbe effect of cliangiiis to a sligbt extent tbe basis of tbe scbool at Monson, wbicb bad formerly been exclusively for cbildren of tbe ])auper class, but, under tbe operation of tbis act, received also cbildren of tbe criminal class, wben transferred from tbe custody of tbe courts to tbat of tbe board of state cbarities, in accordance witb tbe application of tbe visiting agent. We may observe in passing, tbat wbile tbe Massacbusetts visiting agency accomplisbed a' great work, and marked a period of trans- ition in tbe policy of tbe state toward its dependent cbildren, and laid tbe foundation for still greater advances in tbe same direction, yet tbere were some grave defects in its practical operation, so tbat Mrs. Clara T. Leonard, a member of tbe Massacbusetts board of state cbarities, said of it (in a paper read at Cbicago in 1879) tbat it "proved a very incapable macbine, on tbe whole." We find, in tbe eleventh annual report of tbe board of state cbarities (submitted to tbe legislature January 6, 1875,) some remarks concerning it, from wbicb we gather tbat it did not fully accomplish the purpose of its creation. It is said that "the extreme limit of prudence in discharging and placing on probation the children complained of has been reached. Thus we find that of 4,356 children who upon arrest were either discharged or put on jjrobation, 570, or more than 18 per cent., were re-arrested and reconvicted, wbile of about 1,400 committed to tbe state reformatories, or to the custody of the state board, less than 10 per cent, have been re-arrested and recon- victed." It is also said: "In regard to the attendance of the visit- ing agent and his deputies at all the sessions of every court where young offenders are tried, tbis board is inclined to believe tbat the law, as it now stands, is too exacting. Practically, it makes the business of the courts wait upon tbe convenience of the deputies of the visiting agency, wbile it compels tbe latter to hasten from one court to another, in order to put in an official appearance, which, in at least one-half of tbe cases, cannot affect tbe interests of the child or of tbe commonwealth." Complaint is made tbat it is too expensive, and tbat "it has had tbe effect (which too often follows a vigorous centralization of power and responsibility) to weaken and partially paralyze tbe efforts formerly made at the different estab- lishments in the same work of providing good homes for children." In its twelfth annual report tbe board observes : "It has not in- creased tbe number of homes for poor and delinquent children, as was hoped, there being no more such homes now than when the agency was created in 1869. Nor has it diminished crime among tbe young in any perceptible degree, nor yet saved to tbe public those large sums of money which were reported in the years when the work was still an experiment." In 1879, the state board of health, the board of state cbarities and the visiting agency were abolished, and a new board created, entitled tbe state board of health, lunacy and charity. It was pro- vided that tbe new board should have all tbe powers and duties and exercise all the functions of the boards abolished, and of all their bureaus and agents, including tbe visiting agency, and that it might assign any of its powers and duties to agents appointed for the purpose, and might execute any of its functions by such agents, 56 or by committees appointed from and by the state board. Acting under the authority conferred by this statute, the new board assigned the duties formerly performed by the visiting agent to the superin- tendent of the department of in-door poor, and the system was adopted of employing auxiliary visitors to do a large part of the work of visitation proper. These auxiliary visitors are unpaid vol- unteers, and we believe that all of them are women. An interesting account of their work may be found in a paper read by Mrs. Anne B, Eichardson before the National Conference of Charities and Cor- rection at Cleveland, 0., in 18S0. She said: "Without materially altering the other functions of the old visiting agency, and while the male wards are still visited by men in the same capacity and subject to the same general rules as those of the former system, the board has, through its department of in-door poor, permitted and indorsed the organization of a band of women as auxiliary vis- itors to the female wards, who are commissioned by and made re- sponsible to the head of the department. These women began their work in part in December. 1879. The number of women commis- siwere well formulated by Mrs. Leonard, in a paper read by her at the Con- ference of Charities at Chicago, in 1879 : 1. Institutional life, both public and private, should be recog- nized only as a temporary make-shift or stepping-stone to a family life. 2. The younger the child when it enters the family, the more beautiful will be its future in life ; the longer the child remains in the institution, the greater will be the prospect that it will be a public burden always. 3. In order to bring dependent children at an early age into family life, it will be necessary to pay a small sum for their main- tenance for a time, in many cases. 4. To prevent the neglect or abuse of children by mercenary or unprincipled persons, who take them only for gain, careful super- vision and visitation are indispensable. o. Official visitation alone will never be found effective; it must be supplemented by voluntary visitation from suitable and author- ized persons actuated by benevolent motives. 6. Local committees will be most efficient in performing this visitation, because they will have better facilities for knowing what occurs in their own neighborhood, and avoid the expense of travel. 7. A central board for the association, whether it be of the county or state, is necessary, to receive reports and to see that rules are obeyed. Also to famish a bureau of registration and reference. 8. A small sum may be paid for board ; but families who will take children without payments should always be carefully sought. The payment should cease as early as practicable, and the spirit of gam in the whole matter should be carefully guarded against. 9. Eeligious toleration and concession must be practised, in order to make the work adequate to the needs of the time. To this admirable summary of principles may be added another quite as important, which is, in the language oi the Massachusetts state board, that "the work of visitation can be best performed by agents independent (for their appointment) of the institution from which the children to be adopted, indentured, placed out and visited, are sent." Oar study of the Massachusetts system has made one very dis- tinct (though perhaps mistaken) impression upon our mind, namely: tliat whatever of pecuharity attaches to it grows out of the fact that the prmiary responsibility of the state board is tor the care of state paupers, to whose condition and necessities their attention is in the hrst place, if not for the most part, directed. This remark, it seems to us, applies to its action not only with reference to children, but to the insane as well. To some extent the same remark pos- sibly applies to the work of the New York board of state charities. In Illinois, where no distinct class of paupers chargeable to the state for their support exists, the spirit of legislation on all questions touching the defective, dependent and dehnquent classes is likely for that very reason to be freeer and broader in its scope. We are quite sure that if the legislation of Massa- chusetts could be extended, so as to apply equally to pauper children who have a local settlement and are now maintained at the expense of toAvns, its operation would be more humane and more satisfactory even than it now is. We congratulate our- selves that, in Illinois, the distinction between stale and county paupers does not exist, and that the general assembly will have the gratification of knowing that whatever action it may take in the direction of better care of dependent and neglected children will re;ich and bless all of them alike. New York. The system pursued by the state of New York differs from that of Massachusetts in several particulars. The starting point of the Massachusetts system, as we have seen, was the sense of responsi- bility on the part of the board of state charities for the better care of children maintained in the state almshouses, and its work has from the beginning been more or less hampered by the fact that tlie state primary school at Monson was originally, and for severjil years after the establishment of that school continued to be, an almshouse. New York, on the contrary, has never followed the plan of putting state paupers in almshouses owned and con- trolled by the state, but has made provision for them in the county almshouses at state expense, and the movement inaugurated by the New York board of charities originated in the sense of the injus- tice and impolicy of allowing pauper children to remain in associ- ation with adult paupers on the county farms. New York has not established any visiting agency, neither does it board out any pauper children i;t state expense in private families, but it has developed the system of caring for pauper children in private char- itable institutions, at the expense of counties and municipalities, to a degree uuparalled elsewhere. It was perhaps the first state in the union wdiich succeeded in the herculean task of emptying its poorhouses of pauper inmates under the age of sixteen years, and much of the credit of this success is, as we understand, due to a single philanthropic citizen, the Hon. William P. I.jetchworth, formerly of Buffalo, but now a retired merchant residing upon his estate at Portageville on the Genesee river. What is commonly known as the "Childrens' Law" was enacted in 1885. It forbade the commitment to poorhouses, by any magis- 60 trate, superintendent or overseer of the poor, of vagrant, truant, disorderly or pauper children, over three and under sixteen years of age, who were not idiotic, epileptic, paralytic, or otherwise defective, diseased or deformed ; and the officers named were di- rected instead to commit all such children to some orphan asylum, or other charitable or reformatory institution. The legislature at its session in the year following took a step in advance and ordered all the officers of the poor in charge of county poorhouses to remove from those establishments all children com- coming within the description contained in the act of 1875 ; also all such as might thereafter be committed to their care or be born at any poor-house before they should arrive at the age of three years, and provide for their support and care in families, orphan asylums, or other appropriate institutions. By subsequent acts passed in 1878 and 1879, the limitations as to age contained in the childrens' law of 1875 were changed so as to forbid the commitment to, or retention in any county poorhouse of any child between the ages of two and sixteen years ; the proper officers were empowered to provide for such children in families, orphan asylums, hospitals or other appropriate institutions ; and the boards of supervisors of the several counties, and the board of estimate and apportionment of the county of New York was directed to take such action as might be necessary to carry out the provisions of the act. The religious clause, which was originally attaclied to the act of 1875, but omitted by the amendatory act of 1876, was in 1873 re-enacted, and is as follows: "When any such child is committed to any orphan asylum, or reformatory, it shall, when practicable, be committed to an asylum or reformatory that is governed or con- trolled by persons of the same religious faith as the parents of such child." Under this legislation, (which refers exclusively to pauper, vagrant, truant or disorderly children), the number of children maintained at public expense in the city of New York rose from 9,363 in the year 1875 to 19,253 in 1885. In other words, it more than doubled in ten years' time. The cost of their support, which in 1875 was $7.7,858, was $1,505,663 in 1885, or very nearly double what it had been ten years before. These figures are for the city of New York alone ; and the sum named was paid from general taxation, the excise fund, and the school fund. Mrs. Josephine Shaw Lowell, one of the state commissioners for public charities for the state of New York, and a person than whom no one could be more competent to express an opinion upon the subject in question, says of this system: "It contains within itself a principle of growth, by which the numbers of such children are increased at a much faster ratio than the population of the city, regardless of the good times or bad times, and thus a heavy present burden is put upon the tax-payer, while it also appears that the final effects of the system are often not good, either for the children themselves, their parents, or the city." The reasons for such growth are very obvious. Parents who are unable or unwilling to provide for their children, but who might feel a natural reluctance to see them committed to county poor- Gl houses, have often no objection whatever to their commitment to a private charitable institution, which presents advantages to their imagination corresponding in some measure to • those offered to the chihlren of wealthy parents by private boarding-schools. The number of magistrates empowered under the law to commit children to these institutions in a city like New York is very great. The per capita allowance for support fixed by law is in some instances, at least, larger than the actual cost of the support given, and the profit thus arising is a source of income to the institutions to which the public moneys are paid. The responsibility for commitments is very slight. No adequate supervision of the mstitutions to which children are committed exists, and little or no pains is taken to effect the discharge of such, as would be benefited by removal, or are not proper subjects of the public bounty. Finally the religious clause engrafted upon the statute cannot operate otherwise than to increase the number of dependents upon the public treasury ; first, by stimulating the activity of religious orders in the direction of creating and developing sectarian institutions at public expense, and, second, by appealing to the religious zeal of parents who feel that in surrendering their children to the care of institutions of their own faith, they are promoting not only their bodily but also their spiritual welfare. From a table printed in the report of the New York state board of charities for 1885, we learn that of $1,282,656.55 paid in that year by the city of New York to private charitable institutions for the support and care of children, $814,357.18 was paid to Roman Catholic; $71,874.79 to Jewish, and $396,424.48 to (presumably) Protestant institutions. The number of children in these institu- tions September 30, 1885, was 13,381, namely: 7,501 boys, and 5,880 girls, and their total receipts for the year from other sources than the city treasury were $861,-292.16. To have deprived them of financial aid derived from the city, would have been to have cut off very nearly three-fifths of their revenue. Their pecuniary interest, therefore, in the maintenance of the system is very great, and any al)uses which may occur under it are very likely to be perpetuated, if the influence of the institutions included in the list is sufficiently strong to prevent its overthrow. Outside of the city and county of New York, the evil here alluded to does not appear to be equally great. The board of state chari- ties reports in the aggregate $1,578,429.54 paid by cities, and $296,326.06 paid by county boards of supervisors in aid of orphan asylums and homes for the friendless ; which would indicate that nearly or quite $603,000 must be added to the annual income of these institutions from funds raised by taxation in the outlying counties of the state. The remedy proposed by Mrs. Lowell for this state of things is to create in the city of New York a depart- ment for the care of dependent children to be under the control of an officer appointed by the mayor, to be called the commissioner for dependent children of the city of New York, and to have all the authority concerning the care, custody and disposition of de- pendent pauper and vagrant children of the city which the com- missioners of public charities and corrections now have. In addi- tion to power to place children maintained by the city in private 62 institutions, he shall also have power to remove any child placed in any such institution whenever he may think proper to do so. No child, in her opinion, should be retained in any private institution, at the expense of the state after it shall have reached the age of twelve years, except the institution be a reformatory. All institu- tions receiving payments for the care of dependent children from the city, should be subject to visitation and nispection by the pro- posed commissioner, whose duty it should be to audit all bills for such support before they are presented to the state controller for payment. Whatever may be said of this proposal, it is tolerably certain that the remedy suggested could at best prove but a partial relief, since it aj^plies to but one county of the state and makes no pro- vision for the care of dependent children otherwise than in public or private institutions. Pennsylvania. In the state of Pennsylvania an act was approved by the gov- ernor, June 13, 1883, which prohibits the receiving and detaining of children in almshouses for a longer time than sixty days, unless such child is an uuteachable idiot, an epileptic or a paralytic, or otherwise so disabled or deformed as to render it incapable of labor or service. Overseers of the poor are required to place pauper children over two years of age in some respectable family or some educational institution or home for children, and to visit each of them, in person or by agent, not less than once in every six months. Any county, or any two or more counties acting together, may establish and maintain an industrial home for children ; but such home must be remote from any almshouse or poorhouse. and entirely disconnected from the same and under separate manage- ment from the keeper of the poorhouse. By reference to the reports of the board of public charities, we learn that the number of children in almshouses on the 31th of September, 1882, before the passage of this act, was 1,070. On the same date in 1885, it was 620. By this time no doubt it is le-^s. But laws of this character do not enforce themselves. There must be power lodged somewhere to compel overseers of the poor to do their duty, and some central agency for the supervision of the entire work. The work of emptying the almshouses of Pennsylvania is largely in the hands of the "Children's Aid Society," a voluntary organiza- tion which receives aid to the amount of !j6,000 a year from the state treasury, and has branches in various counties. Its object is to provide for the welfare of destitute and neglected children by such means as shall be best for the community. The method of accomplishing this is : 1. By plaoing such children in carefully selected families, mostly in the counti-y. paying a moderate rate of board where necessary, and following up each ease with such inquiry and supervision as may secure to the child the conditions of physical and moral well-being. 2. By utilizing existing institutions for children as temporary homes while permanent family places are being sought. 63 3. By puttiiisj, MS far as possible, the .«ut)port of 1 ho child upon its relatives or iiarents, legitiiii.itc or otherwise, and by preventinsthe no«;dle.-is separation of motlrers and children 4. By keeping an open offieo (3') s. 17th St., Pliiladelphia) whore any citi/.en can obtain free inforniatioii about public provision and private opportunities for iiomeless cliildren. The experience and observation of tiie society have led it to formuhite the following general conclusions : 1. That there is no need of an v more public institutions for the c ire of destitute children, and that much of the money now devote 1 to orph mi'? js. etc., mi.fht b^ more usefully spent in securing homes for such cliihiren in private families and paying their board. 2. That there is no serious di;Ti julty in fiiilin'? suitable private homes, on the boar.ling- out plan, for nil hom^doss children, except such as retiuire treatmsnt in hospitals or train- ing in idiot asylums. 3. That children brought up in institutions arc not so well fitted for their later life out- side su'li institutions, as those reared in families. Oongi-egited in l.irge numbers, they run greater risk of contagious disease; they lead .m unnitui-al life of monotony and stimu- lation; tliey must all be treated alike, with a minimum of personal regard; they are often at the mercy of hired care-takers with little parental feeling. 4. Child-caring Institutions arc neviirtheless important as temporary homes, or a,s re- ceiving or forwarding, Jiouses for the children while permitieut places are being found. 5. The law forbidding th:' detention of these childr'iii in almshouses can best be carried out by the co-operation of the directors of the poor with voluntary associations of discreet and benevolent woniiin. who are, willing to linil places for the, chil Iren. look after their wel- fare, and report to the directors. It is for the interest of the taxpayers that these children be taken out of the pauper class as soon as possible and absorbed in the community. 6. In a county where such ah association exists, and where the directors make fair allowanccfor the support of the children, there is no excuse for detaining any child in the headquarters for paupers, and no need of creating an institution for pauper children. Ohio. Thf Ohio system of county homes for children originated with a woman whose name will be forever held in honor in that slate, Miss Katharine A. Fay, of Washington county. Miss Fay was a teacher in the schools of Kentucky and elsewhere. She was a wit- ness of a death-berl scene in Arkansas, where a mother, deserted by an intemperate husband, died, leaving live children to be cared for by the careless worM. Tliis lady took the youngest, a bai)e, for a few diiy-t, but, owing to her failing health, she decided to return to her friends in Ohio, and gave up this little one to a lady who had an intemperate husband. Not long after, its presence gave rise to a quai-iei, in which its young Jife was sacrificed to the crime of in- temperance. Its tragic death weighed hea;vily on the mind of Miss Fay, who felt that she was to some extent responsible for the act. After her return to Ohio nnd the partial restoration of her health, she visited the county infirmary, and was so shocked to see little children in such a place, that the thought again pressed upon her: "I can and will do something to remove these little ones from the presence of crime and degradation." As she had saved some mongy from her salary as teacher, she decided to purchase twelve acres of land on Moss Run, about twenty miles from Marietta, on which she erected a one-story frame house wilh but two rooms. She then pro- posed to the directors of the intirmary to care for the children under their clwirge, at the price of ^1 a week, tliey to provide a change of cloHiing vvlien she should take them and pay one half the doctor's bill in case of sickness. On the first day of April, 185S, she re- ceived from the directors permission to take the intirmary children to her new home and assume charge of their support and proper education. Under her judicious management, during ten years of trial, the homeless and helpless children of that county found not only a happy home, but received the necessary training and educa- 64 tion to fit them for useful vocations. During all this period Miss Fay was urtring legislation upon the subject, in order that the work of rescuing little children from lives of vice and crime might become general throughout the state.* In 1868 her efforts resulted in the passage of the law under which the county homes of Ohio are operated to-day. The county commissioners are authorized, when in their opinion the interests of the public demand it, to submit to the qualified electors of the county the question of establishing a childrens' home. In case an affirmative answer is returned at the ballot-box, the com- missioners proceed to levy taxes for the purpose of purchasing a suitable site and the erection of the necessary buildings. The home, when organized, is governed by three trustees appointed by the county board, who serve without compensation, and have entire charge and control of the institution and the inmates. In the lan- guage of the act, every such county home is designated to be "an asylum for all persons resident of the county under 16 years of age who, by reason of abandonment by parents or neglect or inability of parents to provide for them," are suitable subjects for admission and care. The trustees of the home also receive children of cor- responding age from other counties on contract, under conditions prescribed in the law. Inmates "who may have been neglected or abandoned, or have been by parents or guardians voluntarily sur- rendered to the trustees," are "under the sole and exclusive guar- dianship and control of the trustees during their stay in the home, and until they arrive at the age of sixteen years." The trustees may discharge any inmate, and may return inmates to parents or guar- dians, "when they believe them capable of caring and providing for themselves, or their parents and guardians for them." It is the duty of the trustees to make all proper effort to obtain homes for the children under their care, either by indenture or adoption. Dr. A. G. Byers, the secretary of the Ohio board of state chari- ties, objects to the provision of the law which requires the submis- sion by the commissioners of the question of establishing a home in any county to a popular vote, and thinks that it would be better to leave this matter wholly within the discretion of the county board. Some of the details of the organization adopted are also unwise. The county board should appoint the trustees, the trus- tees should appoint the superintendent, and the superintendent should appoint all subordinate officers. But these are minor criti- cisms. The trustees and superintendents of the childrens' home in Ohio hold an annual convention. From the proceedings of their meeting at Cincinnati, September 14 and 15, 1886, we learn that at the present time twenty-eight counties have established such homes, and two other countieB have united in the establishment of a dis- trict. The statistics of the number of inmates, cost of maintenance, etc., are not given. The president of the convention submitted for its consideration two proposed bills amendatory of the present statutes, which were referred to the committee on legislation. One *Marietta Kegister, April 29, 1880, and report of the Franklin County Children's Home, fo 1885-6. C5 of these bills makes its obligatorj' upon the commissioners of every county in the state, when the interest of the public demands it, to erect, establish and maintain childrens' homes, and to issue county bonds, or notes, to provide funds for the purchase of a site, and for the erection of suitable buildings thereon for its use ; provided that the commissioners of two or three adjoining counties may unite to form a district for this purpose, as under the present act. The other bill contains the following clause: "No child, after the pas- sage of this act, being of sound mind and free from all infectious or contagious disease, under sixteen years of age, shall, under any circumstances, be admitted to any infirmary, unless it shall be an infant and accompanied by its mother." In the report of the Franklin county childrens' home for 1885-6, the superintendent, Mr. Albert S. White, says : The system, if it may so be called, of district and county homes foi- children, has jn-oved the most important factor yet introduced for diminishing' thr n-nndirr of criminals, by mak- inij iiood citizens of tlie ol'tsiirinK of olTenders. Honif adoption of homeless children, whose stront,' tendency is to ilrift into the permanently criminal (dasses. is said to be one of thc^ most iiractical ait year, in varioa.s p irts of the country, for more than three thousjin I children. If we gr.'iut that good homes cannot be found for all children who need them, it does not follow that we should not find as many such homes for as many children as possible, and this sliould be our constant and untiring endeavor. The Roman Catli(ilic church, it is true, does not very generally or urgently favor this system, but tliat is for special r asons which grow out of its tiadititxis and its situation in this country. It believes the religions educ ition of children to be of primary importance, an opinion which this board fully shares. It believes that, to place chiLiren of catholic parentage in protestant families is to jeopardize their souls' etc-rnal welfare, and yet there are in this prutestnut country com- pirat vely few catholic families which are able and willing to receive child'en placed out by institutions or by the state. It has religious orders of both sexes, whose special mission is the care of children, and it has great contiious advan- tages which they may be supposed to derive from such instruction 81 as would there be given them, they may do so, hut it must be at their own expense, and not at the expense of the pubhc treasury. The words which appear to have a direct bearinji; upon the case under consideration are, no "county shall pay from any public fund whatever anything in aid of any sectarian purpose, or to help sup- port or sustain any school controlled by any church or sectarian denomination whatever." The money paid to the Chicago Industrial School for Girls, for the tuition, maintenance and care of dependent girls, is paid by the county. It helps to support the schools con- nected with the corporation ; and these schools, inasmuch as they are controlled by religious orders of a partisular church, are, in the sense intended by the constitution, controlled by that charch. Neither can it be denied that such money is paid in aid of a sec- tarian purpose. We admit that the purpose of the law (and doubt- less this purpose is fully shared by the county) is primarily to provide for the support, at public expense, of children without parents, or whose parents or guardians are not fit persons to have the custody of them. Bat the rule that protestant children shall be sent to protestant institutions, and catholic children to catholic institutions, is evidence that the county also intends to guard and preserve intact the sectarian beliefs and relations of such children, or of their parents. This secondary purpose may originate in the personal beliefs of the officers intrusted with the administration of the affairs of the county, or it may be a concession to such beliefs on the part of others ; but, in either case, it is inconsistent with the letter and spirit not only of the constitution, but of the industrial school act itself, which provides, in the fourteenth section, that, "avoiding as far as practicable sectarianism, provision shall be made for the moral and religious instruction of the inmates of the indus- trial school for girls in this state." The objections here stated apply with equal force to the legisla- tion by the general assembly respecting the school for boys at Feehanville. They also apply to commitments to the House of the Good Shepherd of persons convicted in municipal courts of offenses against city ordinances. Power is copiferred upon the municipal authorities of any city within the state to establish a house of cor- rection, which shall be used for the confinement and punishment of criminals, or persons sentenced under the provisions of any ordi- nance of any city authorizing the confinement of convicted persons in any such house of correction ; and the county boards are author- ized to transfer convicts committed to the county jail to workhouses or houses of correction. We are not aware of any provision of law which authorizes the commitment of sentenced offenders either to the House of the Good Shepherd, which is a catholic institution, or to the Erring Women's liefuge, which is a protestant institution, or to any other institution not under and controlled either by the state, county or municipality. During the past year our attention has been called on various occasions and in sundry ways to a bill for an act to provide for the maintenance and training of such girls as should be the wards of the state, which, we are informed it is the purpose of its friends to have introduced and passed, if possible, at the approaching session of the general assembly. This bill has been printed and widely P. C.-6 82 scattered over the state. We learn from the newspapers tbat its passage has been recommended not only by many private persons of high standing and political and social influence, but by a number of boards of supervisors of several counties. We are glad to know that the questioa of the condition anil needs of the dependent children of Illinois has at last aroused public attention and interest. We have gr-eat confidence in the sincerity, humanity and patriotism of the women who have taken this matter in hand and given to it 80 much time and effort. Their action is an honor to their woman- hood, and even though their wishes as expressed in this bill may not be fully realized, yet there can be no doubt tbat they have laid a foundation upon which we hope that there may be built up a wise and comprehensive scheme of preventive work among children. This bill, wbich was submitted to us for our consideration, at a conference held at the Grand Pacific hotel in Chicago, at which the representatives of the various charitable institutions for children were present, embodies a number of the principles for which w^e have contended in this chapter. It recognizes the distinction between criminal and non-criminal children, and proposes to classify them in separate institutions, of which the one who are dependent girls is to be known as the state industrial training school for girls, and the other for girls convicted of any oftense, is to be known as the state home for juvenile offenders. It is proposed that these two institu- tions, which are to occupy different sites, shall be under the control of a single board of trustees. In this respect it follows the example of Massachusetts, which has placed its state reform school, state industrial school for girls and state primary school in the hands of a single board. The same principle is recognized by the French government, in placing the criminal and non-criminal children of the department of the Seine under a single officer. The bill further provides for the placing out of children committed to either of these institutions, and for the appointment of auxiliary visitors in the sev- eral counties, who shall have a supervising care over indentured children and aid the trustees in finding suitable homes for girls com- laitted under the act. No power is conferred upon the trustees to place children in any other than a state institution, and the power now vested in the county courts to commit children to private in- stitutions is by implication withdrawn. If this is the intention of the bill, it would appear to be better to state it plainly, by inserting a section repealing the present industrial school act, and so avoid any litigation w'hich might otherwise ensue. But in our judgment the bill is defective in several important particulars. It contains no clause which forbids the commitment of children to, or their retention in county alms-houses. It applies only to girls. W"e think that any law upon this sub- ject should be equally applicable to children of both sexes. The power given to the trustees, to remove any dependent girl who may be found to be depraved, vicious, or unmanageable, from the state industrial school for girls to the state home for juvenile offenders, is manifestly improper. It virtually authorizes them to declare that a girl is a criminal, when in fact she has not been 83 tried or convicted of any offense, and it is therefore in conflict with those sections of the l)ill of rights which declare that no person shall be deprived of libertv without due proce.-s of law, and that the right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed shall remain inviolate. We do not find in this bill any explicit ami unmistakable declar- ation of the temporary character of the industrial school which it creates. The trustees "may" place out children, and they "may in tlieif discretion'' appoint auxiliary visitors, but what if they do not see tit to exercise either of those discretionary powers? The theory of the ])ill appears to us to place too great reliance upon the state institution itself as the instrumentality by which dependent girls are to be fitted for a life of independence and self-support. Our re- liance, on tiie other hand, is upon family life as tlie proper agency for the accomplishment of this benevolent purpose. We have grave doubts of the expediency of couhding the appoint- ments of the visiting Mgents to the authorities in charge of the school. All experience has shown that the managers and officers of institutions for children are almost inevitably disposed to retain children under their own charge and contrcjl longer than is neces- sary or advisable. It seems to us that a state visiting agent should be appointed, whose duty it should be to have general charge, under direction of the state commissioners of public charities, of the en- tire work of placing out children and of supervising the treatment given to them in the private homes to which they are consigned. The auxiliary visitors in the several counties should be selected by the state board, and that board should have power to prescribe rules for their government, for the purpose of placiug children m homes. The state board should also have the power accorded to it in Mas- sachusetts, of discharging at its discretion inmates of the industrial school. Unless these, or some other s milar provisions are incor- porated in the act, we are satisfied that it will not have the effect which we desire, and which we believe that the public interest demands. We think' that the clause contained in the 17th section of this bill, which authorizes the court to commit a child to the industrial school "if either the father, mother or guardian consents to the girl being found dependent," opens a very wide door for imposition upon the public treasury. There seems to us to be danger that such con- sent may be given for the sole purpose of throwing ofi responsibil- ities and obligations which properly attach to the parent. With reference to the establishment of a reformatory for girls, we have no question of the propriety and utility of such an institution. To commit juvenile offenders of the female sex to a county jail, house of correction, or penitentiary, is a gross and palpable wrong ; yet under our present statutes no other disposition can be made of them. But we should greatly prefer that all such offenders should be committed not for a definite term, but during their minority, as in the case of girls who are simply dependent. Criminal and non- criminal children should not be associated in the same institution, but they should stand in the same relation to the state. The neces- sity for guardianship on the part of the state is greater in the case of criminal than of non-criminal children, and if there is any reason why such guardianship should continue during the child's 84 minority in the one case, the same considerations apply with added force in the other. To commit a criminal girl to a reformatory for a term not less than three months, in the hope that her refor- mation may be accomplished in that time, is an absurdity. A sen- tence for one or two years is almost equally futile. An indefinite term of sentence with a maximum limit is the surest means of ob- taining the co-operation of the prisoner in the effort to secure an amendment of his character, disposition and purposes in life. Were the boys in our state reform school at Pontiac committed during minority, as is the practice in other states, and were their discharge prior to that age regarded by the law merely as a conditional lib- eration, a larger percentage of them would in fact be reformed than at present. The proposed home for juvenile offenders seems to us to be far too positively penal in its character, and in this respect the bill needs radical revision. We make these suggestions, with due deference to the women of the state by whom tbis bill has been prepared, and in the full confidence that the superior wisdom of the general assembly will enable it to draft an act which will be in every respect judicious and satisfactory. 85 CHAPTER IV. THE REVISION OF THE LUNACY LAWS. In spite of more or less not unnatural discouragement, in view of the failure of all our previous efforts to secure the attention of the general assembly, we again present for their consideration, in some- what altered form, the subject of the revision of the lunacy laws of the state. The importance of the subject is not yet appreciated, but it will be. The discussion of it, though it has special reference to the state of Illinois, is nevertheless sufficiently general in its scope and method to be of interest and value, we trust, outside of our own borders. Need of Revision. It is generally conceded that in almost every one of the United States, if not in all of them, the demand for a revision of the lu- nacy laws is urgent. The state of Illinois is, in this regard, in the same condition as other states. These laws are for the most part a compend of prior statutes, borrowed from a variety of sources, and they are embellished by the crude suggestions of persons who have more or less clearly per- ceived the inadequacy of existing provisions, but who have not very well known how to cure their defects. Some of these suggestions have come from discharged patients whose recovery from their in- sanity was at least doubtful. They are characterized by omissions, by inconsistencies, by du- plicated and contiicting provisions, and by internal evidences of the want of comprehension, on the part of their authors, of the real nature of insanity, the actual perils from which the insane require protection, or their true relation to the community. Difficult If of the Undertaking. No doubt, one reason why it is so difficult to secure the neces- sary amendments to our present laws relating to the insane, is that 86 legislators possess so little practical knowledge of insanity, and they distrust the counsels of medical superintendents of hospitals, for fear that they may_ be prompted by interested motives. But a prior difficulty has to be met and overcome : that of fram- ing proper and practicable amendments to existing legislation on this subject. Few persons are competent for a task of such deli- cacy, which requires, for its successful accomplishment, not only a knowledge of insanity, but also of law, in order that justice may be meted out to all parties alike, and that the legal rights of the pa- tient may not be sacrificed to his fancied medical necessities. The interest of the community, as well as that of the lunatic, must be conserved. The relations of the patient to those who have charge of him must be defined, and some limit assigned to the powers of the latter. The forms of judicial procedure in the case of lunatics must conform to the principles which govern procedure in the case of persons of sound mind ; yet care must be taken not to insist too strenuously upon merely legal technicalities. As far as possible, all future contingencies must be foreseen and provided for, without re- sort to analyses and distinctions too abstruse for easy comprehen- sion. A good lunacy law, which will involve the minimum of in- jurious consequences flowing from the interference with personal lib- erty necessary in dealing with so many forms and degrees of insan- ity, is a work of high art, beyond the capacity of a novice or a bungler. And no man can write it, who adheres too closely to ex- isting precedents, and fears to follow the truth wherever it may lead him. Statutory Definitions of Insanity. What is insanity? It is not easy even for an ordinarily well-in- formed legislator to conceive precisely what the condition of an in- sane person is. How, then, can he know what he needs, or where- in he is a ppril to the community? Whoever will take the trouble to examine the statutory definilions of insanity in the several states will be impressed with tbeir inadequacy and the contradictions in- volved in tbem. It is not surprising that, if the medical profession can not figrte upon a definition of insanity, the lawyers can not. But it is amusing to read in the statute-books that "the term in- sane includes every species of insanity;" one is inclined to thank the author of this very lucid explanation for his valuable contribu- tion to the sum of human knowledge. The great puzzle wbich bothers the legislative fraternity is to know whether idiots are, or are not, to be classed with the insane ; in some states the answer is yes, and in others it is no. Where an attempt is made to dis- tinguish between idiocy and insanity, idiocy is for the most part improperly defined: an idiot is said to be a person "naturally with- out mind," or "destitute of mmd from birth," or "a congenital im- becile." In at least one state a distinction is made between insanity and imbecility ; the imbecility of dementia, we suppose, is not in- sanity in this state. Enough has been said to show what a mist of legal uncertainty surrounds the whole subject, for if we can not de- termine who the insane are, what becomes of the entire superstruc- ture of provisions relating to their care and treatment? 87 Insanity a Disease. Insanity is a disease. Considered simply as a disease, the public feels no more special interest in insanity than in any other physical ailment, and there is no more apparent reason why the state should build and maintain hospitals for the insane than for consumptives. Its Eccentric Manifestations. But the peculiarity of insanity is that it unfits its hapless victims for social life. They cannot maintain normal relations with other people ; they cannot adjust themselves to those about them. To borrow a term from mechanics, an eccentric person is unbalanced ; his centre of motion is not his centre of equihbrium ; and, if he is to be tolerated in the machinery of society, and contribute his share to the general result, all the parts of this complicated mechanism must be adjusted to him. When that is once done, since he re- mains from year to year the same, and his peculiarities do not change, he occasions no further disturbance of the {jfenernl equilib- rium. But an insane man diifers from one who is simply eccentric, in that the lunatic's centre of motion is a variable centre. When you think that you have solved the problem of adjustment of which we have just spoken, he suddenly changes his base of operations, and you must begin again. In the lanuuage of mathematics, the eccentric man has a personal equation, but the lunatic has none. It is this instability in the manifestations of his disease which makes him an object of divarl ; and it is not the disease, but its manifested symptoms, which render him the subject of special legislation. Double Aspect of the Question. The relation of a lunatic is a double relation. He unites in his person two distinct characters — that of a patient who needs medical care, and that of a man unfitted, by reason of his disease, which differs in its nature from all other diseases, for social life. W^hat shall be done with him in the first of these two characters, is a medical question, which a physician alone is competent to answer. What shall be done with him in the second, is in no sense a medical question. It is a question which involves his personal freedom, his ability to make contracts, and his right to the control of his own property, and it is, therefore, a question exclusively for the courts. But for this secondary aspect of the question, he might safely be turned over to the exclusive care of the physician, like any other sick man. No law can, however, with propriety confide to any private person, whether a physician or not, the power to pass upon the right of any man, sane or insane, to the custody of his own person, or to deprive him of his liberty of action. Thi.s DistinctioK Ocerlooked. This distinction appears to be so palpable and so absolutely in- disputable, that it is not easy to comprehend how it can be ignored or overlooked in any law that may be framed respecting the custody and care of the insane. Yet an examination of the statutes of the 88 several states, forces upon us the conclusion that in many of them ifc hfls not been recognized, and that in others it has. been but dimly apprehended. Much of the confusion that characterizes our lunacy laws as a whole may be traced to this source. The result of this confusion of thought is that the physician claims and may exercise powers which are, properly speaking, judi- cial, and which ought not to be conferred upon him ; while the judge is relieved from the responsibilities which it should be the aim of the law to fasten upon him and compel him to meet with a full sense of their gravity and solemn weight. Its Importance. There can be no radical reform in our lunacy laws, which does not rest upon the distinction to which attention is here called, as its foundation. The great and apparently interminable debate as to the character of proceeding requisite for the commitment to an insane hospital of a person alleged to be insane, is in large measure a duel between the medical and legal professions. As 'commonly happens in dis- putes, neither disputant is wholly right nor wholly wrong. It is our aim to adjust this quarrel. We desire to remove misapprehension; to draw distinctions ; to point out the line of demarcation between the function of the physician and that of the lawyer, in respect to insanity; to secure to each of these two professions the fullest pos- sible recognition of its rights, duties, and responsibilities toward the most pitiable and afflicted class of beings on earth ; and so to pro- tect the insane themselves from becoming the innocent victims of a needless strife, in which they are unable to take any active part, and, in the violence of which, their rights are in danger of being^ overlooked and forgotten. Double Purpose of Legislation. All legislation respecting the insane has a double motive — fear and pity. To tike an extreme illustration — if the impulses of a lunatic are suicidal, the state seeks to protect him, but if they are homicidal, it is bound to protect others against him. He may be both. In some states the instinct of self-preservation is prominent in the law of insanity; and m others, that of compassion. It is fair to remark, further, that legislation on this question is also affected by economical considerations, which have greater weight in some states than in others. The Physician, The physician has in mind simply the medical welfare (if the patient. If he advises his commitment to a hospital or asylum, it is because he is impressed with the beneticial effect upon the insane man of a more or less protracted sojourn in an institution furnished with the facilities for treating him as his case demands. Possibly he does not think of the confinement incident to as>lum life as an abridgment of liberty, any more than he looks upon the splint in which a broken arm is bound as a hardship to the wearer. 89 The Judge. But, as has been said, the law recognizes two separate grounds upoa which his committal may be sought; the good of the patient, and the good of the community, as distinguished from the patient. Th& court is bound to consider the good of both. Tlie court, regarding the order of committal from tbe point of view of the law, and perceiving only too clearly the analogy between such an order and that of commitment to a prison, feels the obligation to balance against the suj^posed benefit which tbe patient may b& expected to receive, the actual privation which such an order signi- fies. It has to protect every man in all his rights, and the right of an insane man to treatment in an institution may interfere with other rights wliicb the court may regard as paramount, but which do not enter at all into the conception of the situation in the mind of the physician. The hMl)it of mind of a judge, trained by long: experience at the bar, is to look l^elow tbe surface for tbe motives whicli prompt actions, and he may discern, in the desire to secure the incarceration of some particular pntient or alleged lunatic, a deeper and controlling desire to enter into possession of property now under his control, or some other seltish purpose not so ap- parent to the physician. The man may be in fact insane from a medical standpoint, and yet his permanent or protracted detention in an institution for the insane may be none the less a grievous- wrong. Commitment to a hospital or asylum for the insane, however we may gloss ii over, is deprivation of liberty. It is to be shut up under lock and key. It is to be subjected to liability to undergo painful discipline, at the will of another — the discipline of the^ camisole and the muff, for instance, if the medical officers in authority deem such treatment expedient and judicious. It is to have no assurance of any termination to most irksome confinement ; for there is no patient wbo may not have to remain in custody for the term of his natural life, if no improvement takes place in his condition. It is to be cut off in a large measure not merely from the companionship of friends and relatives, but from their present and active sympathy, and, in some cases, apparently from their very remembrance. That such deprivation is unavoidable, that it is proper, that it is beneficial, does not render it less painful nor change its essential nature. In several states — Maine, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi and Louisiana^ — provision is made for the commitment of some classes of the insane at least to a hospital or asylum with- out either judicial investigation or medical certificate. In certain other states— Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Khode Island, New York, New Jersey, the District of Columbia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Missouri and Kansas — insane persons may be admitted to an institution for the insane on the simple certihcate of a physician, without any judicial intpiiry. We say "without judicial inquiry," because we do not regard the mere certificate of a judicial officer to the good standing of the maker of the medical certificate and to the genuineness of his s-ignature, or the mere filing of such certificate with the judge or clerk of a court, as in any sense such 90 a formal inquest as is contemplated by the constitution of the United States, when it declares that "no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law." In those states winch do provide for a more or less complete judicial inves- tigation of the case of every person alleged to be nisane, the special relation of the physician to the case, as distinguished from that of the judge, is not always so clearly expressed and defined as it should be. His precise function seems- to be that of a witness merely. The prhiciple which we lay down and contend for, is that not the physician, but the court alone, has the power to order the commit- ment to any institution of any person adjudged to be insane. The intervention of the courts is not called for, until it becomes necessary to restrain the patient of his personal liberty, or to de- prive him of control of his property. But the power to do eitlier of these acts is vested solely in the courts, under the constitution, and ought not to be conferred upon any private person. Every lunacy case should begin in an order of a court, and no step should be taken, from beginning to end, so long as the insanity of the patient continues, except by order of a court ; and when the insanity terminates by recovery or death, such ter- mination ought (in our opinion, for we shall give what appear to US to be good and substantial reasons) to be a matter of judicial record. Insanity Not a Crime. At this point another distinction must be made, which is some- times forgotten, or its importance imperfectly appreciated. The forms of judicial procedure, in so far as they spring from the constitution of the tribunal itself and the nature of legal pro- <;ess in general, are in many particulars identical, whether the evi- dence and the ultimate decision relate to matters civil or criminal. But the court, and all the parties in interest, in any investigation of the sanity of any person suspected of being a lunatic, need to be profoundly impressed with the thought that such an inquiry is no part of the criminal business of the court. Insanity is not a crime. On the contrary, where insanity is proved, crime is impos- sible. Even those acts which would be criminal in a sane man, lose their attribute of guilt in the insane. The law holds that a lunatic is an irresponsible person. All forms of procedure which suggest any analogy between crime and insanity, are objectionable in the highest degree. They tend to confound the two, in the mind of the patient and of the public. Thus they create a prejudice against the insane as a class. They therefore encourage the concealment of the presence of this malady, on the part of the patient's family and friends, who are unwilling to cast reproach upon his name ; they lead to delay in his commit- ment to the care of an institution, and such delay diminishes the probability of recovery from the disease. In this way they increase the pecuniary burden entailed upon the community by the accumu- lation in asylums of cases of conhrmed lunacy, and augment the sum of human suffering. 91 An Inquest Not a Trial. Crime is eitlier confessed, or established by the formality of a public trial. What is a trial? A trial is "the examination before a competent tribunal, according to the laws of the land, of the facts put in issue in a cause, for the purpose of determining such issue.'" There can be no trial where there is no issue. Mark also the use of the word "cause" in this definition. A cause is "a suit or actio}/,, civil or criminal, contested before a court of justice." The basis of a trial is a contest between opposing parties. An action is " a specific mode of enforcing a right." The purpose of a trial is to prevent the perpetration of a wrong, or to redress a wrong already perpetrated. The word suit " applies to any proceeding in a court of justice, in which the plaintiff pursues in such court the remedy which the law allows him." In a trial, there must be parties — a plaintiff and a defendant. All of these characters appertain to a criniinal trial, where the defendant is "accused" of having perpetrated a wrong, he denies it, and the court is called to decide the issue, and determine whether any right has been violated, and what reparation is due, if any, from the prisoner at the bar. But an inquiry into the sanity of a supposed lunatic is not a trial ; it is an inquest. Crime is the violation of a penal statute ; but there is no statute against insanity, and there can be none. Crime is "a wrong which the government notices as injurious to the public " ; but the insane man is guilty of no wrong. The only case in which a trial may grow out of an inquest into the sanity of an alleged lunatic, is where the lunatic or his friends acting for him declare that the allegation of insanity is false, and demand a trial. Otherwise there is no issue, there are no parties, there is no wrong, and there is no occasion for the application of any remedy. The Criminal and Non-Criminal Insane. It will be understood that reference is here made C)nly to the non-criminal insane and their condition and rights. The insane who are charged with crime, and are in the custody, of courts of criminal jurisdiction, form a class apart, for whom special legisla- tion is requisite. Purpose of In ihink, for a moment, of the mathematical improbability attending such a supposition as that. The doctrine of chances is against it Ihe instances m which the friends of the party alleged to be insane are actuated by improper motives, constitute but a small percen- tage of the entire number. Of this fractional numl)er, another small percentage are in a position to obtain a false verdict, through the employment of corrupt means. Finally, a false verdict' is of no avail, without the co-operation, as a fellow-conspirator, of the medi- eal superintendent of an insane asylum. The chance of success in this effort is therefore but a fraction of a fraction of a fraction. As a matter of fact, nearly all the alleged instances of false im- prisonment m hospitals for the insane prove, upon examination, to have been cases m which the sanity of the person supposed to have been a victim of injustice is, to say the least, very doubtful; even if the patient is released by order of a court— and it is far, far more commonly the case that he is remanded into custody— no one 18 punished for any attempted wrong, because the hearing itself shows that no wrong was intended. And the list of cases of "release on habeas corpus is by no means a long one, taking all the hospi- tals in the country together, from the date of their organization to the present moment. The danger which some lawyers and timid persons not in that profession think that they see looming up in this direction is for the most part imaginary, a pure delusion. Sometimes it is possible to trace it to its original source in the fancy of some hysterical or eccentric individual, who has for a time been an inmate of an asylum, and, after his or her discharge, has been able to communicate his impressions to others, at once sympa- thetic and ignorant. But again, the laws against false imprisonment are stringent and severe ; are they not a sufficient protection against this perTl, so far as it has any existence in fact. A Counter Peril. On the other hand, the consequences of a mistaken decision in the oppposite direction are most serious. Often they are fatal. Many of the insane are suicidal or homicidal, but give no sif^n of what is passing in their minds, which a CMsual observer, unsTdlled m the manifestations of lunacy, would be likely to detect. 105 The following anecdote, by Judge Daly, chief justice of the court of common pleas of the city of New York, which was told by him at the meeting of the national prison association, in 187(», is in point : The daughter of a very distinguished clergyman of New Jersey,, about twenty-four years of age, an exceedingly beautiful woman, who had been thoroughly educated and was retined and elegant in her manners, ran away with her father's coachman, a little ugly- Irishman, to the great consternation of her family, he being not only in no way attractive in person but a very ignorant man. The afflicted father came to this city, whither his daughter had come, and applied to me for a writ for her arrest as insane. He brought- the certiticate of two eminent physicians, and on that I issued the order for her arrest and she was brought before me. When I saw her I was so doubtful upon the subject, that 1 sent for a distin- guished physician of my own acquaintance to examine her. He did so and told me that she was insane, I said, "How do you know?"" Said he, '"By her eye; I have merely looked at her eye — that is sufficient." Before I proceeded to make a commitment sending her to the Bloomingdale asylum, she asked to have a few words ol pri- vate conversation with me. 1 said, "Certainly." She retired into- my back room, and, in a very lady-like manner, said to me: "This, statement of my friends about my insanity is simply ridiculous. They are very much hurt that I should have fallen in love Avitb the man that I have, but that is a matter over which 1 have no control. I am in love with him, and have determined to marry him, and have eloped with him for that purpose, knowing that my father and mother would never consent to the marriage. If it be insanity to be in love with a person whom other persons don't approve of, then T am insane. I am just as sane as you are." 1 looked at her; I thought she was. I told her to sit down. The case had' created great public interest at the time. It revived in the public mind, and especially in the Irish mind, the old ballad of the poor man who ran away with the rich man's daughter, and produced such wide-spread sympathy, th;it I tnink about five tLiousand persons were then assembled in front of the city hall. It was the summer season. The windows of my room were up. I heard the noise, stepped in, and found that the lover, who was out in the crowd, had climl)ed up to the window, where she had met him, and, as I entered, I heard the crow^l call out, "Kiss her, Barney," and he was just in the act of complying, when I was timely enough to pre- vent him. The moment I did so, she ran over to the corner of the room, crouched down and put her linger in her mouth, with ait expression in her eye that I never saw before in a human being. I then fiad no more doubt about her insanity, and I direct* d her to be sent to Bloomingdale. The feeling, however, was so great that several thousand dollars were subscribed to pay counsel, and, after a long trial, in which the eloquent Mr. Hnffman was engaged, my commitment was sustained, a divorce was granted, and she was? retained in the asylum, and, if still living, she is there now. Judge Daly narrated a number of similar crises, and said: "No person in this country has a higher opinion of trial by jury than I have. My large experience has brought me to the concusion that ion the trial by jury, as a general rule, is one of the best motles that has ever existed for the determination of controversies between man a,nd man. But while I entertain this high opinion, I also think that a jury i.s particularly nnlit to pass upon such a question as the insanity of a person accused of crime (of wiiich alone he was speaking at the time, but the remark is equally applicable to per- sons not accused of crime), and my reason for so believing is that the inquiry is so subtle and difficult, that, in a great majority of cases where that defense is set up, the jury, from a feeling of hu- manity, from the sense of awful responsibility, will take refuge in finding a verdict in favor of the prisoner; and, where they do not, that they are liable to make mistakes on a subject so difficult." The Jury Trial, In Chicago. The best place in which to obtain an idea of the practical working of the Illinois lunacy law (which makes a trial by jury compulsory in all cases) is in the court-room of the county court of Cook county, in the city of Chicago, on a Thursday morning. Thursday is known in the court and in the newspapers as "insane day," because at that time the judge disposes of the cases of alleged insanity which have accumulated on his hands during the week. The court-room is in the upper story of the building in which the <;ounty jail is situated. On the floor below, special apartments have been provided for the care of insane persons awaiting trial. There is a long and wide corridor in the centre of what was formerly the collector's office, and large, comfortable rooms have been partitioned off on each side of it, for the accommodation of patients. In each of these rooms there are two beds. An alcove on one side of the corridor in the centre affords a not unpleasant sitting-roonB. The ■capacity of this ward is for about a dozen patients. Across the hall is another and stronger ward, with cells built of plank, in a double tier, back to back, surrounded by a corridor on all four sides. This is intended for the violent insane, and one cell is a padded room. The whole is under the charge of a keeper and his wife, who reside in the building. In the keeper's office is a small dispensary, with the necessary drugs. There is, of course, no resi- dent physician, but the county physician visits the patients daily, and gives the requisite orders with regard to their treatment. This receptacle for the insane was opened on the 7th of March, 1883, and up to the 30th of September, 1886, there had been regis- tered 2,753 inmates (of whom, however, not all were insane; it is also used for the reception and confinement of dependent girls awaiting the hearing and order of the court). During the year end- ing September 30^ 1886, the number of inmates was 971, of whom SIQ were placed in it on account of their alleged insanity. The dis- position made of them was as follows : The number discharged as recovered prior to trial was 240; 530 were ordered to be committed to an insane hospital, namely, 495 to the county insane asylum at Jefferson, 21 to Kankakee, li to Elgin, and 3 to Batavia ; 26 vveie sent to the county infirmary ; 10 to the county hospital; 2 to the Alexian Brothers' hospital ; 1 to Mercy hospital; 1 to the Marine hos- pital; 4 to the Washingtonian Home; 7 escaped; 5 died; 1 was 107 discharged as not insane; "2 were taken by their friends; and 41 were turned over to the eonnty agent, most of whom were sent out of the county, or state, on account of their being non-residents. From this statement it appears that the court disposes, on an aver- age, of twelve cases every week. The number of cases on the Cook county kinacy docket for the year ending March 81, IcSfi, was 619, namely, 348 males and '271 females, of whom 519 were adjudged to be insane, and 100 were adjudged to be not insane. The number of insane cases in the state of Illinois, during the same period, was 1,6H8, of which 1,526 were adjudged to be insane, and 142 not insane. In other words, the ratio of negative to athrmative verdicts, outside of Cook county, is 42 to 1,049; but in that county it is 100 to 519 (or, if we add the cases detained on a cliarge of insanity, but released without trial, it is about 1 to 3). From this it must be inferred that alle- gations of insanity are brought against individuals in Chicago with- out much substantial basis, while in the county there is almost always good ground for such allegation. It will be further observed, by comparison of the ligures given in the two preceding paragraphs, that there can be very few cases upon the judge's docket which are not also entered on the register of the insane receptacle below stairs. The proceedings in court are as follows: Two juries are empan- elled, of six members each, and the foreman of each of them is a physician. The judge takes his seat upon the bench. The patients are br(>ught into the court-room, one by one. Outside of the railing may be seen a crowd of persons of both sexes, who appear to be for the most part the witnesses in the several cases to be adjudicated on the morning when they are present. The members of one of the juries for the day take their seats at the right of the judge, and on his left are his clerks. Directly in front of the jury is a raised 84 inmates of almhouses, or one to 885. It must further be remembered that we have made a prodigious effort to provide for all our i)auper insane in state institutions, which, though not fully successful, has greatly diminished tlie number who would otherwise have been a county charge. In point of fact, our almshouse system seems to be grow- ing at four times the rate of gfowtli of population; and if the ])auper insane in state institutions were added to the luimber, it would probably be safe to say that the total burden borne is growing at six or eight times the rate of growth of the entire population of the 122 state. It is not an agreeable duty to be compelled to call atten- tion to a fact so full of unpleasant significance. But the increased expenditures for outdoor relief are a still move alarming symptom of social degeneration. We estimated the amount paid for this item in 1870, by the counties, at $375,000. The table printed in the appendix to this report shows an expenditure of nearly $910,000. The amount paid for maintenance in almshouses has about doubled in sixteen years ; while the amount expended for outdoor relief has increased by about three-fifths. It appears to us that, under a wise system of relief, the ratio of expenditure for aid outside the alms- houses to that inside ought to diminish ; but the reverse is true. There is undoubtedly a necessity for closer attention to this subject, and a thorough, constant watch upon the pauper management by the counties, in order to which there should be devised and enforced by law some adequate system of reports, at stated intervals, to be made to our office. With respect to the condition and management of the almshouses, a slow but steady improvement is plainly discernible. During the past two years, the following counties have erected new almshouses or new insane departments, or have made extensive additions to their previous capacity: Carroll, Cook, Edwards, Grundy, Hancock, Kane, Lee, McDonough, McHenry, Menard, Ogle, Peoria, Stephen- son and Winnebago. For particulars, reference is made to the fol- lowing abstract of reports of visitation by Mr. Whipp, where will be found also mention of the burning of the almshouses in Peoria and Stark counties : Adams County. — Visited October 5, 1886. The grounds are neatly kept. The almshouse proper was found to be in fair condition. The floors are frequently scrubbed, and kept as clean as possible ; the rooms occupied by female inmates are tidy ; but the rooms for men do not show the same care. The insane department needs special attention. The partitions between the cells are of wood, and bed-bugs have found in them a harbor from which it is almos im- possible to dislodge them. The odor is very offensive. Some of the cells have been inhabited by filthy inmates, and although they are gone, they have left a stench behind them which it will be difficult to remove. The odor from the privy-seats is also offensive, on ac- count of their not being properly Hushed. There is a large pond of water near the building, which, with pumping apparatus and pipes, might be utilized in flushing privy-seats and sewers, and to furnish water for general purposes. The general health of the inmates is good. They are well clothed, and have good, wholesome food. Since the last visit a buggy-house and an airing-court containing a summer-house for the insane have been erected, and a small boiler for washing purposes has been purchased. This institution is crowded, and more room is a necessity. The buildings need general repairs and painting. In some of the older buildings the stairs and floors are worn out, and the walls seem to be unsafe. The males sleep in a detached brick building, and in the first story of the in- sane department, and the women sleep in the west building. In- sane men occupy the third story of the insane department, and insane women the second story. The total number of inmates ad- mitted, during the year ending April 1, 1886, as shown by the reg- 123 ister, was forty-nine. The number present when inspected was one hundred and seven. More accommodation for the insane should be provided by the state. When the increased accommodations for the insane at Kankakee were completed, thirty inmates were sent from this almshouse, but now a new case can only be admitted to the hospital on the return to the county of an old or milder one. The cost of maintenance, last year, was |6,848.55, and the cost of out- door relief $19,563.fcO. Alexander. — The almshouse of this county, which was located at Thebes, has been abandoned, and the poor who need house care are sent to St. Mary s Infirmary, Cairo. There were no county in- mates present at that institution, May 3, 1886, when visited. The total pauper expenses of the county were $i^,083. Bond. — Visited Mai/ 27, 188(j. Found to be well cared-for, clean, and in good condition generally. The inmates were clean, well clothed and well fed, but their general health is poor. One colored woman— an invalid — is said to have leprosy in one of her feet. This house has plenty of room during the summer, but it is crowded in winter. Since the last visit, an old building from Greenville has been placed on the grounds, to be used as a cell-house. A detached building is needed, as a residence for the superintendent and his family. The sexes sleep in separate rooms, but in ?J1 parts of the house. The building has good light, and is well heated and ventilated. No facilities for bathing. The garden was found to be in good con- dition and a great help in reducing the cost of maintenance. The county authorities say the state should provide more accommoda- tions for the insane, as they are compelled to care for them at the poor-house. The cost of the almshouse for maintenance last year was $1,819.58, and for outdoor rehef $1,767.63. Boone. — Visited August 9, 1886. The paupers are kept by C. C. Leach, on his farm, situated live miles north of Belvidere. The inmates seemed to be cleanly, in good health, and moderately clothed. The food is plain. A one-story frame building, 16x24 feet, was in course of erection, to be occupied by men. When visited, the male paupers occupied the barn, sharing their quarters with horses — sleeping on hay and straw, covered by blankets or quilts. One aristocrat had a bedstead, which was placed in a bin; the entrance thereto was closed with loose boards to keep the chickens out. The building occupied by the men last winter has been torn down. The women sleep in the main building. The keeper receives $600 per annum and for that sum agrees to care for all the paupers who are sent to him. The number sent last year was two, and the number present on the day of inspection four. Brown. — Visited October 4, 188B. Everything at this almshouse was found to be in good shape, clean and tidy. The inmates appeared cleanly and well clothed, their general health is good, and they have food in abundance. There is plenty of room. A frame kitchen has been erected, at a cost of one hundred and fifty dollars. The men sleep on the west side, and the women on the east side. The light and ventilation are good, but tiie rooms are difficult to heat when the weather is cold. The cost of the almshouse for mainte- 124 nance last year was $2,237.31. Each town supports its own poor, until they are sent to the almshouse, when they become a county charge. Bureau. — Visited August 4, 1886. In excellent shape, clean and tidy. The inmates appear to be cleanly, well clothed, and the food furnished is good and abundant. Their general health has been good. There is plenty of room, except in the winter. A hog-pen, and a building, 24x48 feet, with platform on each side, 8x48 feet, for feed- ing, have been erected on the west side of the almshouse. A hay- barn, an addition to the store-room, and a building to be used as a soap-house and a carpenter-shop, have also been erected. More room is needed in the female department, and also better accom- modations for the insane. The water supply proved to be inade- quate during the drouth of last summer. The male paupers have their sleeping rooms in the north wing of the main building, and in the hospital ; the women occupy the west wing ; and the insane are kept in the insane department. All the buildings are well lighted, heated and ventilated. The farm was in good condition and prom- ised bountiful crops. CaijKovn,— Visited May 30, 1886. The rooms of this almshouse are moderately clean. The inmates appear to be cleanly, mod- erately clothed, and well-fed. Their general health is poor. There is plenty of room. The sexes sleep in different rooms of the same building, and some of the men sleep in a log cabin, which it is difficult to heat. The farm is in poor condition. Carroll. — Visited August 11, 1886. The buildings and grounds of this almshouse were found to 4)e in fair condition, considering the debris occasioned by excavation and building. The inmates are cleanly, well clothed, and have good food. Their general health is good. This institution has been crowded at all times. Since the last visit, a milk-house and hay-shed have been built, and a central building and wing to the old building are nearly completed. The additions will contain ten rooms on the main floor, twelve on the second floor, and in the basement there will be bath-rooms, three cells for insane, coal-bins, and a furnace-room. Three of the male paupers sleep in the main building, and the rest occupy an old frame house. The females sleep in a small brick house. The rooms are well heated, lighted and ventilated. The farm was in good con- dition ; crops of small grain good. Cass. — Visited July 17, 1886. — This almshouse was found to be in poor condition. The roofs are leaky, and, when it rains, the floors are Hooded; which, while it may be uncomfortable, is not an un- mixed evil, for it necessitates the mopping of the floors. Tbe in- mates are not remarkable for cleanliness ; they are poorly clothed, but have plenty of plain food. Their general health is fair. This institution is crowded in the winter. There has been no change, since last inspected, except general decay. Complaint is made by outsiders as to the way this almshouse is managed, and of the treatment of inmates. It is said that the poor go there only when there is no other place to be found for them. Many paupers are boarded in different parts of the county. The old buildings should 125 be abandoned and new ones erected. The men sleep in one of the . out-buildings and a woman in the other. The keeper pays $1,000 per annum for the use of the farm. Champaign. — Visited June 12, 1886. That part of this almshouse occupied by women was found to be clean, neat, and tidy ; but the rooms occupied by men were untidy, and not so clean ; and the in- sane department was found to be odorous, on account of filthy oc- cupants. The inmates generally were cleanly, well-clothed, and well- fed. Their general health is good. Plenty of room. Since last visit the buildings have been thoroughly painted, inside and outside. A place for insane women is needed. The male inmates sleep in the south wing, and the females in the north part of the main build- ing. The rooms are well lighted and heated, but the ventilation is faulty at times. There are bath-tubs in the insane department. The farm was in excellent condition, and the crops never looked better. Christian. — Visited Jidy 16, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in excellent condition. The rooms, beds and bedding were neat and clean. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, well-clothed, and their food was good and abundant. Their health was not good. Four of the inmates came to the farm sick with consumption. There is plenty of room. A two-story brick building, 17x32 feet, with two rooms on each floor, has been erected for the occupancy of male inmates. Three of the rooms are used as bed-rooms, and one as a sitting-room. The roof of the main building has been re- newed, and a back stairway constructed. Bath-tubs are needed. The male inmates sleep in the new brick building, and the females in the main building. The rooms have good light, and are well heated and ventilated. The inmates use tubs and buckets for bath- ing purposes. The farm was in fair condition, but needs tiling. Clark. — Visited May 26, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in fair condition. The rooms occupied by women were in fair con- dition ; but the rooms of the men were untidy, and not clean. The appearance of the inmates might be much improved in regard to cleanliness and clothing. Their food is plain but abundant. Health generally good. The inmates have plenty of room. The males sleep in a building by themselves. The buildings are well- lighted, com- fortably heated, and well-ventilated. Inmates are sometimes required to bathe. One of the insane, a woman, is very troublesome. 8he is constantly chained to the bed while indoors, or to a tree when outside. The keeper thinks that this woman is more devilish than insane, and that it is not safe to allow her to be at liberty for a moment. She set her bed on fire a few days before this visit, and when asked why she did it, said: "0, it would be such fun to see it burn." She seems to be good-natured, but dehghts to have a row, and a good fight she regards as a luxury. It is also unsafe to allow her to be at large on account of her disposition to run away and her want of chastity, she having had two illegitimate children. She should be removed to a state hospital for the insane, but the county authorities say that their quota is full, and that they have difficulty in obtaining admission for recent cases. 126 Clay. — Visited May 19, 1886. This almshouse does not improve on acquaintance. There is a want of cleanliness and order. The walls and ceilings of the rooms are black with smoke, and the floors need scrubbing. The inmates appear to be cleanly, and moderately clothed. The fare furnished has but little variety. The general health is good. There is plenty of room in the building for the in- mates, bat some of the rooms are used for storing grain, etc. The house needs general repairs, painting, and whitewashing. The male paupers occupy apartments on the west side of the hall, and the women have the east side. Clinton. — Visited May 18, 1886. — This almshouse was found to be in fair condition. The inmates appear to be cleanly, well-clothed and healthy. The food is good and abundant. The institution is crowded in winter. Since last visit, the buildings have been thor- oughly painted and the walls and ceilings whitewashed. The keeper thinks that a place is needed for locking-up refractory inmates. The male paupers sleep in the front part of the building, and some of them in the rear, on the second floor. The women occupy the sec- ond floor. The keeper states that no crop worth mentioning has been raised on the farm for three years. This year it promises about half a crop. Coles. — Visited June 10, 1886. — The condition of this almshouse as to general cleanliness was found to be fair. The rooms, beds and bedding were clean, but in some cases the bedding was very much worn, and needs renewing. The inmates were generally cleanly, poorly clothed; their food is good and their health as good as usual. There is plenty of room ; the keeper said he could accommodate eighty inmates if necessary. The improvements needed are a bath-house and wood-house. The men sleep in different parts of the buildings, and the same is the case with the women. The house is well heated and ventilated. The farm is in fair condition, excepji as to fences. Some tiling is needed. Cook.— Visited October 27, 1886. Insane Asylum. Reference has been made elsewhere (see page 118) to the special investigation of the insane asylum, by the state board, in Novem- ber, 1885. Since that investigation, the appearance of the premises has been greatly improved, and many additional comforts provided for patients. An addition is in course of erection, which will give to the asylum a new and comfortable kitchen, which was greatly needed. On the day of visitation a large tent was fitted up and in use as a temporary kitchen. A new lady physician — Mrs. Dr. Flor- ence Hunt — has been appointed, with better salary and more power than were given to former lady physicians, and the effect has been good. But the system of government by a committee of the county board, through two heads, a medical superintendent and a warden, with independent authority, remains unchanged. The superintendent does not appoint his subordinates. The principle that like causes produce like results gives occasion to fear that the evils heretofore complained of in this institution will make their appearance again. The number of employes is still excessive, and the cost of mainte- 127 nance much larger thin it should be. Since our last report an ex- tensive adtlitioti has been made to the asylum in the form of a detaclied building, fairly well adapted to its purpose; and an exten- sive system of baths, including the Turkish bath, has been placed in the basement. A line green-house has also been erected. Infirmary. At the infirmary, a new wing, similar to those already built, has been added to the institution ; still another will be required. Eighty acres of land have been purchased, a new bakery provided, and an ice-house erected (with a capacity of 600 tons), which is also used as a refrigerator. A two- story cottage has been built, with fourteen rooms, for the accommodation of employes. All the buildings have been renovated and painted inside and out. A system of water- closets for all the dormitories has been added, and the outside privies removed ; sewers have been placed, which connect all the buildings with the main sewer. The electric light is now in use, both in the infirmary and in the insane asylum, A change which should be made, is the removal of tbe boilers from their present position in the basement, beneath the dining-room for women. This is a very large establishment, with nearly 1,000 inmates ; the num- ber who pass through it yearly is nearly 3,500. It costs, for main- tenance, about $'200,000 a year, or per capita about $200, which is higher than the average in our state institutions. A resident lady physician, Dr. Eose S. Bryan, is employed here. The cut on the following page gives a very good idea of the appearance of this institution. Hospital. The county hospital, which was visited on the 28th of October, was found in its general condition of cleanliness, and, so far as can be judged by a casual visitor, it is well managed and the condition of the patients comfortable. It is overcrowded. The female nurses are furnished by the Illinois Training-School for Nurses. The number of patients in all departments, last year, was 7,264; the number of deaths, 544 ; of births, 258. The total expenses, as stated by the warden, were $196,637.66, of which $186,413.14 is charged to maintenance. With an average number of 499 patients daily, the annual per capita cost was $373.57. General Expenses. The books in the county clerk's office show the total expenditure for so-called charitable uses by the county of Cook during the year ending August 31, 1886, to have been as follows : For insane asylum $243,262 33 For mfirmary 200.973 89 For county agent's office 126.920 69 For outdoor relief in thirty towns. . . 57,704 75 For county physician, etc 5,671 92 For county hospital 271,944 76 Total $906,478 34 128 129 CB.A.yvFOBiK-— Visited May 24, 1886. This county lias purchased a farm of one Imndred acres, three-quarters of a mile northeast of Trimble, with an old dwelling-house, stables, etc., upon it. Since the purchase, the county has erected a two-story frame building, with seven rooms, which are occupied by the keeper and his family. The male paupers sleep in the east part of the old house, and the women occupy the west part. The farm is in fair condition. Cumberland. — Visited May 25, 188(), Since the last visit to this almshouse, the building occupied by paupers has had a thorough i-leaning; the floors and walls have been scrubbed, and are much improved; but the walls, which are ceiled, need painting. The in- mates are generally cleanly, moderately clothed and well-fed. Their heallh is good. There is plenty of room. A coal-house and granary have been erected. The male paupers sleep in the north part of the building and the women occupy the other part. The register of this almshouse has been taken away by the old keeper. The court- house, together with the records, of this county, were destroyed by tire November 4, 1885 ; consequently information as to the cost of maintenance of the almhouse and out-door relief could not be ob- tained. DeKalb. — Visited July 9, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in excellent condition. The rooms, beds and bedding were clean and tidy. The inmates appeared cleanly, well-clothed and their food good. Their general health was good. This institution is somewhat crowded during the winter months. Since last visit, all the floors have been painted. The almshouse needs a dining-room, a wash- room, a sewer, heating-apparatus and general repairs. It is diffi- cult to heat the building sufficiently. All the male paupers sleep up-stairs, except the infirm, who sleep on the first Hoor; the women sleep in the first and second stories. The farm was in good condi- tion and crops promised well. DeWitt. — Visited Jane 3, 1886. This almshouse was in very good condition. The floors show the effect of repeated scrubbing. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, well-clothed and well-fed, and their general health good. There is plenty of room. The males sleep in the two-story building south, and the females in the north building. The farm w^as in good condition, with prospects of a good crop. Douglas. — Visited June 9, 1886. Everything at this almshouse was found to be in good order, the floors well scrubbed, and the rooms and bedding clean and tidy. The inmates appear cleanly, well- clothed, and they are furnished with an abundance of good food. General health good. Plenty of room at all times. An addition of two rooms, each 15x15 feet, has been made to the men's depart- ment; the main building has been re-plastered, wainscoted and newly roofed, which makes it almost new. Male paupers sleep in the north building, and the women in the building west. Both are well lighted, heated and ventilated. The farm was in good condi- tion and good crops expected. DuPage. — This county has no almshouse. Each town cares for its own poor, and the expenditures are not reported to the county clerk. The county clerk states that they experience considerable P. C— 9 130 difficulty in finding places in the hospitals for their recent insane cases and that, until such places are found, the insane have to re- main m jail. When chronic cases are returned from the hospital, they are returned to the towns, who care for them as best they can. Edoar. — Visited June 10, 1886. — This almshouse is in excellent condition in every respect. The inmates appear cleanly, well- clothed, health good, and diet wholesome and abundant. There is plenty of room. iSince last visit, the floors in the basement, and some rooms and the hall on the second floor, have been renewed, and the inside woodwork has been painted. The building, however, still needs repairing generally, and bath-tubs are needed. The male paupers sleep in the east part of the main building and in the de- tached building for the insane. The women sleep in the first story of the main building. Their apartments are well lighted, heated and ventilated. Edwards. — Visited May 21, 1886. — This county has purchased a farm of one hundred acres, on which was a one-story brick dwelling contaming three rooms, now occupied by the superintendent. The farm is situated one and a half miles east of Albion, on the Mt, Carmel road, and cost $2,650. The county has since erected a two- story frame building, 30x40, at a cost of ij5l,o84.50, for the occupancy of the paupers. The buildmg contains six rooms and a central hall on the first floor, and eight rooms and a central hall on the second floor. Male inmates sleep in the second story, and females in the first story. The light and ventilation are good, and the building can be comfortably heated. The farm was in good condition, and crops as good as on neighboring farms. There were seven inmates present — three men, three women, and one boy under sixteen. The adults are nearly all aged and infirm. The number admitted as inmmtes the past ye ir was twelve. The cost of the almhouse for mainte- nance last year was $1,337.42, for improvements $1,448.45, and for outside relief $1,541.07. The expenses seem to be larger than pre- viously, but the erection of the new building, with the purchase of furniture, is the cause of the increased expense. The county author- ities claim that the almshouse has been a great economy over the old system. Effingham.— Fis/fcf/ May 26, 1886. — This almshouse was found to be in fair condition. House-cleaning and general scrubbing were going on at time of visit. The inmates appeared to be moderately cleanly. Each inmate has two suits of clothing, and the food furnished is good and abundant. There is plenty of room. The pauper building was cheaply constructed, and in many places the plastering is off. A barn is needed. Male inmates occupy the first floor of the building, and the females the second floor. 1 he Irailding has plenty of light and ventilation, and is easily heated. Inmates are sometimes required to bathe, but only at long intervals. The farm is in only moderate condition, the crops poor and the land worn out. Fayette. — Visited May 27, 1886.— The rooms of this almshouse were found to be in good condition as to cleanliness, considering the decayed and wrecked state of the buildings. The inmates were poorly clad, moderately cleanly, their general health good, and the 131 food furnislied good and sufficient. This house is crowded in the winter months ; there were forty-eight inmates last winter. Since last visit, two rooms have heen added to the pest-house. The keeper says that some buildings are needed, i)ut it is the opinion of the- visitor that the county needs new huildings throughout. The men sleep in the east end of the main building and in part of the north side, and the women sleep in the west .end and in the pest-house. The farm is in fair condition. The pest-house is occupied by three women, who are in the worst stages of syphilis, and by a chronic insane woman. There is great danger of the insane woman becom- ing infected with the same disease; and, unless constant care is exercised, the disease may be communicated to other inmates. Ford. — The poor of this county are cared for in the townships where they belong. There are about six paupers who are wholly cared for at the expense of the county. The county expenses last year for the relief of the poor were ijjl, 838.47. Franklin. — Visited April 30, 1886. There is great room for im- provement here, but the decayed condition of the buildings makes it impossible to keep them in order. The inmates are poorly clothed and not as tidy as they should be. The food famished is good and. ample. There is plenty of room, such as it is. The county com- missioners are considering the question of abandoning the old build- ings and the erection of a new one. The best use that could be made of the old ones would be to burn tbgm up. This almshouse has for years been a disgrace to the county. The keeper has done the best he could, with the facilities furnished by the county, but the com- missioners have hitherto been parsimonious and afraid to spend money for the erection of new buildings. One of the commissioners said to the inspector that he was going to do his utmost to have a> suitable building erected. The sexes occupy separate buildings. The light is good, they are well heated, but the ventilation is generally bad. The 1 arm-land i^ poor and the remuneration for working it meagre. Two insane men, who were in a pen in one of the bnild- ings, are kept in a wretched condition. Sometimes they are clothed, but frequently nude, and their persons foul with filth. The pen stinks horribly. These men ought to be at some hospital, under the care of attendants. Fulton. — Visited June 18, 1S86. The rooms, beds and bedding of this almshouse were in excellent condition, except in the insane depart- ment. The inmates were generally cleanly, their health fair ; many of them old and infirm ; their clothing and food were good, but plain. The house is crowded during the winter months. Since last visit, fire-escapes have been erected at the rear end of the building. A drying-room is needed, and the privies, which are in close prox- imity to the main building, are offensive and should be removed. The male inmates sleep in the east side of the building and the females in the east side. Gall.^tin. — This county has no almshouse. The poor, who need house care, are sent to Mr, Leonard Edwards, at New Omaha, The place was not visited. The county clerk makes the following state- ment in reference to the condition of the inmates and their new qu irters : "The building is new, and everything is in excellent 132 order. The inmates are cleanly, well-clotbetl, healthy and have plenty of good food ; not crowded, and the sexes are properly sep- arated.'' There were nine inmates present, six men and three v.omen. One of the inmates was insane. Thirteen were admitted as inmates during the year. No place to care for the insane ; nearly all sent to the hospital. The expenses for maintenance at the almshouse last year were §2,200, and the cost of out-door relief was $1,500. Greeke. — Visited June 2, 1886. This almshouse is always found to be clean and in good condition in every particular. The inmates appear cleanly, well-clothed, have abundant food of large variety, generally enjoy good health, and have plenty of room. A new kitchen and wood-sheds are needed. The men sleep in the tower and east part of the building, and the women sleep in the west part. The building is well lighted, heated and ventilated. The farm was in good condition, with fair prospect of abundant crops. The idiotic man who was tied with a rope to a tree, so that he could move around it, now wears a strap on his neck in place of the rope around his waist, and, when the weather is suitable, he is tied to the same tree, and is continually tramping backward and forward. The tree is dead, supposed to have been killed by his tramping around it. Grundy. — Visited August 23, 1886. The grounds and buildings of this almshouse were found to be in fair condition, as also the rooms, beds and bedding. The health of the inmates was good, and they appeared to be cleanly in their persons and moderately well clothed. The food furnished was regular farm-house fare. The almshouse is crowded during the winter months. A two- story frame, con- taining two rooms on first tioor, and five rooms and a hall on the second floor, has been erected, adjoining the main building on the north side. It cost about §2,500. The cellar has been grouted, and part of it is now used as an ironing-room. Male inmates sleep in the first and second stories of the brick building, and the females sleep in the new addition. The buildings are well-heated, and have good light and ventilation. The farm has been much improved by tiling. A barn is needed. The insane are not locked in, except at night. One has been sent to Kankakee from this almshouse. Places in the hospitals are not readily found for those adjudged insane. There was one recent case at the almshouse waiting for room in the hospital. The keeper says that he is much improved, and he thinks that he will get well at the almshouse, if left there. Hamilton. — Visited May 5, 1886. This almshouse is susceptible of great improvement : the rooms could be made inuch cleaner and more comfortable. The inmates do not waste soajJ soap or water in their efforts to be clean. They are poorly clothed but well-fed, and their general health is good. The rooms are overcrowded — twenty-seven persons in four small rooms. There has been no change in the buildings, except general decay. The sexes or-cupy separate rooms. The rooms are poorly lighted and insufficiently heated; the ventilation is fair; they should be ceiled to keep out the cold. The farm is in bad shape, the fences poor, and the land worn out. 133 Hancock. — Visited October 6, 188G. The old almshouse of this county was destroyed by fire, July 23, 1884. The tire was first dis- covered uear a flue in the upper part of the building. All the in- mates were saved, and a large portion of the furniture. The in- surance on the building, since collected, was $2,750. A new build- ing, 38x80 feet, has been erected, with three stories and a basement, containing fifty- two rooms. There are sixteen rooms and two cross corridors on each floor, and four rooms and two corridors in the basement. One room in the basement is used as a dining-room, one as the kitchen, one as the laundry, and the other as the boiler- room and coal-bin. The first and second stories are used as sleep- ing apartments and sitting-rooms for the paupers, and the third story is called the insane department. It has sixteen cells with grated doors. The whole is heated by steam. Male paupers sleep in the west side of ihe fir^t stoiy, and ihe women sleep in the second story. A two-story brick duelling, 34x-6 feet, for the super- intendent, was in course of erection, which will cost al)out two thousand dollars. It will have four rooms and a hall on the first floor, and the second iioor will be divided into sleeping-rocms. The farm is in a good state of cultivation. Hardin. — ]"tsited May G, 1880. This house v.as found to be only moderately clean; potatoes were stored in one of the rooms used by paupers. The inmates were cleanly, but plainly clad ; the food was ordinary fartn-house fare. A barn lias been Ijnilt. The house needs repairs; the plastering and chimnejs are out of order. The sexes have separate rooms. The faim is poor and worn-out, but about an average for this county. There were thiee inmates pres- ent, all of them v\omen ; two of them were blind. One of the b ind has been at the farm about tifteen years. On the dii.y of the vi>it she was found about one-eighth of a mile from the house taking a walk alone, and seemed competent to find her way even among the second-growth timber without a path. There was only one inmate admitted during the year. Henderson.^ — Visited June 22, 1836. This almshouse was fcund to be as clean as could be expected, considering the bad condition of the buildings. The inmates were moderately cleanly, and thfir health, food, and clothing good. The buildings are crowded all the time. A wash-room and wood-shed have been erected. Tlie county has concluded to erect a two-story building, 21x33 feet, which will add much to the comfort of the paupers. Male inmates sleep in the south wing and m the west side of the main building; the women sleep in the northeast part and up stairs. The house is well heated and ventilated. Henry. — Visited June 21, 1880. It is a pleasure to visit this alms- house. Everything is as neat and clean as possible, and in the very best conctition in all respects. The inmates were cleanly, neatly clad, well-'ed, and their general health was good. The hou»e is well-filled during the winter months. The building is kept in thorough repair, the walls and floors of every room ai d corridor have been recently painted, and the whole instiiu ion has the ap- pearance of being new. The neatness and tidim ks of this alms- house will compare favorably with any state institution ; and the grounds fronting the building are so tastily laid out, and present such an array ol beautiful flowers and plants, as to l)e unequalled by any other county almshouse in the state. There is no disorder about this institution. When Jisked if any improvements were needed, the superintendent replied: "Nothing that we can get,' I think that a fountain in the front yard would make it perfect, but it might be asking too much for a pauper-house." JMale inmates sleep in the north Aving and females in the south wing. The rooms jire spacious, well lighted, and heated by steam. The farm is in excellent condition, and crop prospects good. Although nothing is withheld that would add to tlie comfort or convenience of the in- mates, yet the average per capita expense per annum for mainten- ance is less than eighty dollars. Iroquois. — Visited June 30, 188G. This institution was found to be in fair condition. The house is old, badly arranged and crowded, and it seems almost impossible to keep it neat. Some of the bed- ding has been in use many years, and is worn-out. The inmates are moderately clean, well-clothed and well-fed. The insane de- partment is very much crowded. The capacity of the building is not sufficient. New dining-rooms and sitting-rooms, and more room for the insane should be provided. Male inmates sleep up-stairs, in the insane departjnent, and in the second and third stories of the main building; and the women in the second story of the main building. The farm is in excellent condition, with a good prospect for crops. A large new cattle-barn has been erected, 'I'he insane are generally quiet, one only being restrained, and that by belt and wristlets. The numl>er of inmates received during the year was forty-one., This house has not been relieved much of its insane; only three were sent to Kankakee, A chronic case is returned to the county for every recent case sent to the hospital. Two recently adjudged insane are waiting for places, J ACKSos. —Vi'i'ded Mail 11, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in bad condition generally. The rooms need cleaning and deodoriz- ing; a bad odor perva^les the entire building, which should be thor- oughly scrubbed, repaired, painted and whitewashed. The inmates were moderately cleanly, well-clothed, and the food furnished was go )d and abundant. The house is crowded during the winter months. Male paupers occupy the lower door, arul females the second story. The farm was in good condition and prospects of a crop good. The superintendent's wife says "we have only thirteen dogs," not quite one dog for every two inmates. Sli^ di(l not say whether it was tbe intention to increase the number of dogs. Jaspi<;r, — Visiti'd May 25, 187(3. This ins'ilution was found to be in only fair condition. The building occupied by paupers is an old frame, which is sealed in place of being plastered. The ceiled part is black with smoke and age, and needs paint. The inmates were cleanly, moderately well-clothed, and were furnished with plenty of good food. The general health was good. A locdc-up has been erected, 10x16 feet, which contains two rooms. The men sleep in the lock-up, and the women in the main building. There should be more room for male paupers, for, when crowded, some have to sleep in the same room occupied by those of the opposite sex. The farm Ic5 is in good repair, but the land is poor. The keeper of the alms- house receives one dollar and twenty-live cents per week for caring for each pauper, and has the use of the farm free of rent. Jefferson. — Visitt'd May 13, 188(>. The condition of this alms- house remains as at last report, except that the logs are more rotten, the roofs leak worse, and the vermin are more numerous. It is a shame and disgrace to compel any of God's creatures to oc- cupy such a miserable old hole. The inmates seem to be altogether too economical in the use of soap and water on their persons ; their clothing is fair, food good and plenty, health good. The house is crowded. Since last visit, privies have been erected. New buildings should be constructed witliout delay. The committee were agitating the question of building. The sexes occupy separate rooms; the light is fair, heat sufficient, ventilation poor. The farm is kept in fair condition and good crops are raised. Jersey. — Visited Jtow 1, 1886. The main building was found to be in good condition, but the rear building, which is occupied by men, was untidy and dirty. The inmates appeared to be generally cleanly, well-clothed, are furnished with good food, and have plenty of room. The buildings need general repairs, plastering and painting. Male paupers sleep in a detached building, and women in the main build- ing. The farm was in good condition and the prospects of cjops good. Jo Daviess.— Viaitc'd AtifiK.^t 12, 1886.— The floors of all the build- ings of this almshouse are almost white with repeated scrubbing, and everything is in tirst-class condition. The inmates are cleanly, well-clothed, well-fed, their health good, and they have plenty of room. A woodshed has been erected, and the old insane depart- ment has been changed into dormitories, by taking out the petitions. Women sleep in the south and east parts of the main building, and the men sleep in the north and west parts ; some of them sleep in the old insane department, and some m the new. 'J he farm was in good condition, but the crops were suft'ering from drought. The superintendent said tkat it had not rained, with the exception of two slight showers, since the 12th of May. There were only two insane patients locked in their rooms, and they were recent cases, awaiting trial and removal to the hospital. The superintendent said: "When I took charge of the institution the insane were all locked in their cells and never taken out, and the cells were cleaned only once in two weeks by throwing in a bucket of water and scrubbing a little, the inmates in each case being held in a corner of the cell while the cleaning was being done. 13ut now I do not lock any of them up during the day, except such as are disposed to disrobe and those who are filthy and indecent. Several of those who were locked up and treated like wild beasts, when 1 came here, are now working on the farm or in the kitchen, and are quiet, easily controlle(l, and much better, physically and mentally." The number of inmates received during the year was fifteen. Eleven of the insane were sent to Kankakee. The county authorities say that they generally have to wait a long time before they can place ])a- tients in the hospital. 13() Johnson. — Vhitcd May 10, 18S6. — The building occupied by tbe paupers is a doable log-cabin, which is much decayed, has a leaky roof, and is generally worthless. It Avas probably as clean as such a building can be kept. The inmates did not appear cleanly ; their clothing was poor. They had plenty of good food, and were in good health, but were overcrowded, and much more so duiing the winter. New buildings should be provided in place of tbis cabin, which is- entirely too airy, especially in cold weather, when the snow is blow- ing through the roof, making everything wet and disagreeable. The- sexes occupy separate rooms (except when crowded). The light is poor, the ventilation bad, the house difficult to heat. The farm was in good condition ; crops fair. Of the persons tried for insanity during the yenr, in this county, one was a retrial of an old cas& returned from the hospital. lik^E.— Visited Jidy 27, 1886. — This almshouse is well kept. The corridors and rooms were found to be clean and in excellent condi- tion. The rooms, beds, and bedding were neat and tidy. The in- mates appeared to be cleanly, well-clad, and in good health. The food furnished is ample and good, and the inmates have plenty of room. The new insane department, which was in course of erection at last visit, has been completed and is occupied. It is two 'stories in height, with a basement, and has sixteen rooms, six cells, and a hallway through the centre on eacli floor. It is heated by steam^ as is* also tlie old main buildms;. The superintendent thinks that gratings are needed in some of the cells, and that a larger bam should be erected. The sexes sleep in separate rooms in the old building. The rooms are well lighted, heated, and ventilated, and the facilities for bathing are good. All inmates are required to bathe once each week. The farm was in splendid condition. Kaxkakek. — Jldted August 16, 1886. The almshouse was found to be in as good condition as it is possible to make a building so unfit, for the purpose. The insane department has been scrubbed, times without number, but the old odor remains. The inmates were gen- erally clean, moderately well-clothed, and their health good. The food furnished is ample and good, and there is plenty of room. Since last visit, a barn has been erected. An ice-house, wash-room,, bath-room, and cistern are needed. The men sleep in the wing on the east side of the main building, and the women in the second' story of the main building. The building is well-lighted, ventilated and heated, except that in the cells for the insane the ventilation, is bad. The farm was in good condition and good crops are raised. Four of the insane inmates are locked up day and night, except- when taken out for an airing for an hour or so each day. Each town supports its own poor, except when the paupers are insane, such being sent to the almshouse. No report is made to the county clerk of the cost of support given to paupers in the different towns. Kendall.— This county has no almshouse. Each town cares for its poor. No report is made to the county clerk of the number supported by the towns, or of the cost of such support. The county authorities say that they have no trouble in placing in hospitals all that are adjudged insane. 137 Knox. — Visited June 21, I'SSG. It would he difficult to suggest any improvement in the care of this almshouse or its inmates. The- rooms, hed and hedding were in excellent order. Cleanliness and neatfiess are its mottos. The inmates appear cleanly, well-clothed and healthy, and the dietary is good and ahundant, and there is plenty of room. Since last visit, the Ijuilding has been repaired generally, and tlie outside brick- work and inside wood- work have been painted. Nothing is needed, except some further repairs to the building and to the walks. The men have sleeping apartments in the west side, and the women in the east side. The building has good light and ventilation, but it is sometimes difficult to heat it comfortably in every part. Ninety persons were admitted as in- mates during the year. Thirty-two of ihe insane inmates were sent to Kankakee, since increased accommodations were made. The county authorities say that they have no tronhle to have recent cases of insanity placed in the hospital. Lake. — ^'isited Aiifinst 7, 1888, This almshouse is as well kept as can be expected, where the buildings are so poorly adapted and so badly arranged for the purpose. The inmates appear cleanly,, moderately clad, and generally to enjoy good health. The iood is plain. 'L'his county is rather parsimonious in its treatment of the- poor. There is plenty of room. Since last visit, the front yard has been graded and has a fine lawn, and a new fence adds to its attractiveness. A shop, piggery, granary, slaughter house, and new fences around the cow-lots have been erected. The insane depart- ment is far from what comfort and convenience demand. More and' better accommodations for the insane should be provided. The buildings need general repairs and painting. Male inmates sleep in diiferent parts of the old building, and the females in the new builtling. The light is good, and the ventilation fair, but it is diffi- cult to heat the rooms comfortably. Bath tabs are here, but having, no water-pipe connections, are rarely used. The farm is in good condition, and crops are as good as on neighboring farms. La Salle. — Visited August 4, 1886. This almshouse was found to- be in good condition ; the corridors and the rooms show the effect of repeated scrubbings ; the beds and bedding were neat, clean, and not much worn. The inmates were moderately well clothed, cleanly^ and their general health good. The food furnished is good in qual- ity and quantity. This institution is crowded during the winter months. Since last visit, the basement floor has been removed and a tile floor put in ; a brick oven has been placed in the basement ; and the brick work on the outside, and the wood work on the in- side, have been painted; many of the rooms have been papered: the boilers in the boiler-house have been refitted with new Hues, and the engine made anew; a five hundred barrel cistern constructed, two washing-machines purchased, and the barn has been removed to higher and more suitable ground, and furnished with a base- ment. A smoke-house, meat-house, and ice-house are badly needed. Male inmates occupy the east wing, and females the west wing. The rooms are well lighted, heated, and ventilated, and bath-tuljs- are provided in abundance. The farm contains two hundred and 133 ten acres; one hundred acres of the best hind was donated by the late Hon. William Keddick. The old farm- land is mostly worn-out, and some of it is swampy and needs tiling. Lawrence. — Viiitcd Mai/ 24, 1883. The floors of this almshouse were clean, but the plastering refuses to stick to the walls in many places, and the walls and ceilings need whitewashing. The inmates were moderately cleanly, poorly clothed, but seemed to enjoy good health. The food furnished is plain but abundant. The inmates are not crowded. Water is scarce, and has to be carried some dis- tance, in the summer-time. A new well is needed. The men sleep in the west building and in part of the south building, and the women occupy the remainder of the south building. The number admitted during the year could not be ascertained, as the former keeper took all the books away. An insane inmate, a woman, is an epileptic, and is locked in for a short time after having a fit. She does not require special attention at other times. Lee. — Visited June 27, 188G. This almshouse was found to be in excellent order in every respect. The inmates were cleanly, fairly -oell clothed, their health good, and the food furnished was good and ample. The inmates have plenty of room. Since last visit, a one-story frame building has been erected on the east side of the main building, for the female insane. This addition has a hall through the centre, and five cells on each side. The cells have privy-seats (which are flushed, with sewer ccnnections). An airing- ■court has also been erected in the rear of the building. The sexes sleep in separate rooms of the main building. The buildings are well lighted, heated and ventilated. Inmates are required to bathe, some once each week, and others once in two weeks. The farm is poor, but fair crops have been raised, and the stock is in good con- dition. About half of the insane are females, who are locked in •cells, but have the use of the airing-court in the morning. Livingston. — Visited August 17, 188G. The rooms, beds and bed- ding of this almshouse were found to be tidy and clean, consider- ing the buildings, which are so badly arranged as to be difficult to keep in order. The inmates were well-clothed and cleanly in their persons, their general health good, and they are furnished with good farm-house fare. The institution is crowded during the winter months. The county should furnish more room. The inmates sleep in the north building and in the insane department; the sexes oc- -cupy separate rooms. The buildings are well-lighted, heated and ventilated. No facilities for bathing, except tubs and buckets. The farm was in good condition, and crop prospects good. Since last visit 1,122 rods of tiling has been put in, and a barn was in course of erection at the time of this visit. Two insane women were locked up, but are allowed to exercise in a small airing-court which ad- joins their cells. . Logan. — Visited June -4, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in ■excellent condition ; the rooms, beds and bedding show care and at- tention. The inmates were tdeanly, well-clothed, and seemed to en- joy good health. The dietary is good and abundant. The house is <:-rowded in the winter. The buildings need repairs and painting. Male inmates occupy the hospital and the insane department, and 139 the females occupy rooms in the main building. The buildings are well lighted, heated and ventilated. The farm was in good condi- "tion ; the fences have been removed. Crop prospects were good. Macon. — Visited Anc/dst '25, 1880. Tlie grounds surrounding this almshouse are kept in good order. The rooms of the female paupers were clean and tidy, but the rooms and bedding occupied by males could be much improved, and should have more attention. The in- mates appeared cleanly and well-clotbed, and their general health seemed to be good. The food furnished is good and abundant. The inmates have plenty of room. Males sleep in the west wing, and females in the east wing. The light, heat, and ventilation are good. The farm is well cared-for and promises good crops. Since last ^isit, a barn has been erected which cost §850. None of the insane •were locked up, but one of tbem was found wearing a heavy chain, to prevent his running away. M'Coui'iN. — Visited May 14, 1886. Everything at this almshouse was found to be in first-class order. The inmates were cleanly, well-clothed, their health good, and they are well-fe'l,> and have plenty of room, smce the removal of the insane to Kankakee and Jacksonville. A new roof is needed on the brick building. The men sleep in the frame building, and the women in the brick building. The farm was m fine condition, with a good prospect for crops, and the garden promises an abundance of fruit and vegetables. Madison. — Visited September "2, 1886. The buildings and grounds of this almsliouse were found to be in fair condition The rooms, beds and bedding seem to have been neglected. The rooms were not clean ; and the bedding showed that it had not hid recent mter- course witli soap and water, and it was so worn, that a good wash- ing might endanger its existence. The inmates were in much the same condition, ragged and dirty, some of them tiiirefooted. Their general health was good, and the food furnished is good, but very plain. This county is one of the cheap coTinties, parsimonious and unwilling to pay a fair and honest price for its poor. The keeping of thf^. poor is let by contract to the lowest bidder, and the lower the bid the poorer care and fare the paupers will have. The present keeper contracted with the county to take charge of the building, furniture, beds and bedding, and return them, at the expiration of his contract, in the same condition as received, and, at his own ex- pense, to furnish the necessary beds and l)edding, and feed and clothe the inmates, and give the institution and inmates competent super- intendence, care and attention, for the sum of fourteen cents a dai/ for each inmate. There is no doubt that the county, through the inmates of the almshouse, has received full value, if not more, for its fourteen cents a day. But complaint has been made that the inmates have been poorly fed, and poorly clothed, and that the keeper has not given the institution that care and attention that a well-regulated almshouse requires. The wife of the superintendent was interviewed in relation to the matter, and she made the follow- ing statement: "Inmates have fresh beef twice each day, with beans, and potatoes and corn-bread for dinner; wheat-bread twice each day ; soup every day. Molasses is usetl at breakfast in place 140 of meat, by those who prefer it. Vegetables are furnished in abund- ance, in their season. Potatoes and all other vegetables, except tur- nips, are raised in the garden. The clothing for inmates is purchased mostly at wholesale, in St. Louis." She also stated that last year the amount received for caring for inmates was not sufficient, by one hundred dollars, to meet the expenditures on that account, saying, nothing about the value of the services of the superintendent and matron. "But," she added, "we can afford to lose a hundred dol- lars a year in this way, for we have no house-rent to pay, and our table expenses were included in the expenses for general main- tenance, and we are now carrying on the millinery business in Ed- wardsville, the profits from which make up any loss incurred in keeping the almsiiouse." The visitor inspected the food prepared for dinner, and found a large piece of good beef, a large quantity of potatoes and other vegetables, and plenty of hot corn-bread. Since- last visit, a frame building, containing a smoke-house, store-house and morgue, has been erected. A one- story brick building, 40x2.O feet, containing two rooms, to be used as a pest-house, has also been erected. New fences and brick pivemtnts have l)een placed around the dwelling of the superintendent, and all the buildings oc- cupied by the paupers have ueen painted, and the floors and doors repaired; and chairs, dining-tables, sinkj^, dishes and table-ware have been purchased by the county. The male inmates sleep in the west end and up-stairs in the pauper building, and in two rooms over the kitchen ; the women sleep in the east end of the first story of the pauper building. The rooms are well lighted and heated, but- in some cases poorly ventilated. There are two large vats for bath- ing purposes, but they are not used much except by the insane. Marion. — Visited May 19, 1880. —This almshouse was found to be in good condition generally. The inmates were cleanly, plainly clothed, their health good, and they have good food in abundance,, and plenty of room except in the winter. A summer kitchen, and two or three more rooms for inmates, are needed. The sexes sleep in separate wings. The rooms have good light and ventilation, but there are no facilities for bathing. The farm is in good shape, but the crops have failed for the last two years. The garden produces profusely every year. MARSH.4.LL. — Vidtcd June "28, 1886. — This almshouse was found to be in excellent condition. The care and labor spent in keeping matters in order at this place would be more apparent were the buildings more suitable. The inmates were well-clothed, cleanly in person, and were enjoying good health. Food good and abundant, with special diet for the sick. The inmates are " crowded in the winter. Since last visit, the buildings have been thoroughly painted, and the rooms papered. The present building is poorly adapted for the purpose of an almshouse. The main structure is a frame house, to which additions have been made from time to time, until it has neither form nor comeliness, and it is poorly ai ranged as to con- venience. The whole thing is a fire-trap, and, if tire should ever get a start, will end in smoke. Fire-extinguishers should be pro- vided and placed in different parts of the building. More room is needed. The men sleep in the detached building, south; and the women occupy rooms upstairs, in the main building. The rooms 141 are well lighted nnd heated, nnd tlie vf ntilation is Q>, This almshouse was found to be in very good condition. The Hoors are clean, the rooms are tidy, and the beds and bedding in first-class order. The inmates are, generally clea.nly ; their health is good; they are well-clothed, have an abundance of plain but wholesome food, and are not crowded. Since last visit, the building has been thoroughly repaired and painted; a sewer has been constructed, which works well; and a new well was Hearing completion. More furniture is needed, such as chairs and tables, for the rooms of the inmates. Male inmates occupy the east wing of the building and females the west wing. The moms have good light, and are well ventilated, but are difficult to heat. The facilities for bathing are good. The farm is in fair condition ; sixty-five acres are in cultivation, seven and a half acres of which is a vegetable garden. Schuyler — Visited Jane 17, 1886. This institution waw found to be in fair condition for so poorly constructed a building. Whitewashers were at work at the time of the visit. The inmates weie tidy, well- clothed and their' health generally good. They have plenty of food and plenty of room. The house has been newly roofeJ, the floor renewed in the inmates' department, and the building-) generally re- paired. New heating apparatus is needed. Males sleep in the in- sane department, and females in the main buibling. The rooms have good light and ventilation, but are difficult to keep warm, and inmates suffer in cold w-eather. There are no bath-tubs. The farm was iu excellent condition, and the crops promise lietter than for ten years past. A shed for farm machinery has bem constructed. A new barn is needed. 150 Scott. — Visited June '2, ISSG. The general condition of tbis alms- house was rather poor. The inmates were cleanly, well-clotheil and fed, and their health good; they have plenty of room. The build- ing needs to be thoroughly repaired and painted. Male inmaies sleep in the second story, and females in the first story. The light and ventilation are good, and the rooms are well-heated. Xo bath- ing f.ic-ihties. The farm was in good condition, and the crops fair. SuELBY. — Visited June 7, 18S6. Tbis alms-house was found to be in very good condition, the floors well cleaned, and the rooms, beds and bedding tidy. The inmates were cleanlj^ Avell- clothed and well- fed, their general heahh was good, and they have plenty of room. Since last visit, the insane department has been completed. The old barn burned down, and ten head of yearling cattle perished in the fire. A dining-room and kitchen are needed for the inmates; the basement should cease to be used for such purposes. The men sleep in the second sfory of the main building; and the women in the first story, and also in rooms in the insane department. The farm was in good condition, and the crops promised well. The keeper claims that one insane woman here belongs to Menard county. The insane man who was locked up, last visit, and rarely taken out for any purpose, and of whom everybody was afraid, has, according to the suggestion of the inspector, been set at liberty; and he now makes nearly a full hand on the faim. The inspector saw him out in the field plowing corn alone. He has improved physically, and is recovering mentally. Some of the insane are con- fined in the stockade or airing-court during the day, on account of their filthy habits. They should be removed to some hospital, where they could have the cave of attendants. Stark. — Visited June 25, 1886. This almshouse was in good con- dition, and the rooms, beds and bedtiing neat and well cared for. The inmates were cleanly, well clothed and fed, their general health good, and they have plenty of room. Since last visit, the brick work on the outside and the wood work on the inside of the main building have been painted. The men sleep in the second story, and the women in the first story. The light and ventilation are good, but the rooms are insutficiently heated, especially for old per- sons. A more efficient system of heating should be adopted. Since making the above report, the following telegram has appeared in the newspapers : Toulon. 111., Dee. 7.— The Stark couutv v~>ov ii jusc liui-neil to the grouiul Suuil.iy. The loss is Si'J.OiW; insured for $5,0lMi. St. Cl.4i^. — Visited April 26, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in much better condition than formerly; everything is clean and tidy. The inmates were cleanly, moderately well clothed, and well- fed. Nearly all of them are old persons, but their health is gen- erally good, and they have plenty of room. Since last visit, a morgue and carriage-house have been erected, and an ambulance purchased. This institution should be connected with the city water-works, which could be done at little cost, as the water-pipes are only five blocks distant. The institution has no means of exliuguishiug a fire, except by buckets. The sexes are properly separated, and occupy rooms which are well lighted, heated and ventilated. New inmates 151 are bathed before beinj? allowed a bed. The condition of the farm has been improved. One of the inmates is a prisoner from the county jail, brought here for surgical care, and to prevent his es- cape. He is charged with the murder of his wife, and attempted suicide by cutting his throat. Stf.phenson. — Visited August 10, 1886. — It is difficult to describe the cleanliness and neatness of this institution. Everything is as clean as it is possible to make it. Each floor, all the walls, and •even loose planks laid to cross a io:id, are scrubbed; and the cow- lot is so clean, tlirit one might tramp all over it and not soil a shoe. The front yard id tastily arranged, with evergreens and flower-beds ; the lawn is neatly shorn, and is ornamented by a min- iature log-cabin. 6x6 feet, which was constructed by the superin- tendent for exhibition at a festival. It is impossible to suggest any improvement in the general management of the place. The inmates are cleanly, well-clothed and well-fed, and they appear to enjoy good health and have plenty of room. Since last visit, a second story has been added to the insane department, which now has ten rooms. A bakery has also been erected, and the ice-house removed, so that there are three l)uildings in a row, west of the superintend- ent's dwelling. Eurnaces have been purchased, and are used for heating the dwelling and the inmates' quarters. The buildings have- been thoroughly repaired and painted, and a wood-house and milk- house have been constructed. The bath-room, in the insane depart- ment, was being arranged for a supply of hot water. The male inmates sleep in the south end of the stone building, and in the first story of the insane department ; the women in the north end of the stone building, and in the insane department. Tlie rooms are Avell lighted, heated and ventilated, and the bathing facilities are good. The farm was in a good state of cultivation. None of the insane inmates are locked up, except at night, and all are per- mitted to roam about the premises at pleasure, except one insane man and one idiot, who are kept in an airing-court during the day, on account of being loathsomely filthy in their persons and indecent in their habits. One inmate, however, a woman, was found chained to a shade tree in the yard, who had recently been detected in stealing from other inmates. An examination of her trunk revealed money and many missing articles belonging to inmates. The super- intendent said that she wan chained to prevent her entering the rooms of the inmates during their absence. Tazewrtl. — Visited June 9, 1886. — The rooms, beds and bedding of this almshouse were clean and in good order, except in the men's department. The inmates were generally cleanly, well- clothed, and their health good. The food furnished is good and abundant. The institution is somewhat crowded in the winter. The buildings need thorough repairs ; a new dining-room and kitchen are also needed. The men sleep in the insane department, and the women in the east wing of the main building. The farm was in good condition, except the fences, which are poor. The salaries of the superintendent and physician are paid from money received for farm produce. 1515 Union. — Visited Mai/ 5, 1886. — The rooms, beds and bedding of this almshouse were found to be moderately clean, with the excep- tion of a room, occupied by a sick woman, which needed fresh air and a good cleaning. The inmates might be much improved in regard to cleanHncss. They were poorly dressed, but their health is good, and they have an abundance of plain food and plenty of room. A one-story frame building, 58x18 feet, containing three rooms, has been erected, and a new cistern constructed. A bake- oven and a wash-house are needed. The washing has now to be done outdoors, summer and winter. The sexes occupy separate buildings. The rooms are generally w'ell lighted and heated, but poorly ventilated in cold 'weather. Batliing is practised only after long intervals, and then buckets or tubs are used. The farm furn- ishes nearly enough bread and meat for the almshouse. Vermiliov — Visited Jane 11, I85C). Every building of this alms- house, especially, the insane department and the new buildings, were found to be in excellent condition in legard to neatness and clean- liness. The inmates were cleanly, well-clothed, their health good, and they have good food m abundance. The institution is crowded in the winter. A kitchen, dining-room and bathing-tubs are needed for the inmates. The men occuj)y the south building, and the women sleep in the north frame building and in the insane building. The rooms generally have good light and ventilation, but some of them are difficult to heat comfortably. The farm is in good condition; considerable tiling has been done, and fair crops are expected. Re- cent cases of insanity in this county are sent to jail until hospital room can be provided. Waba-h. — Visited Mai/ 31, 1886. The rooms and contents of this almshouse were found to 'e in good condition. The inmates were cleanly, moderately well clothed, and had an abundance of good fool ; they were generally in good health and have plenty of room. Since last visit, a wash-house has been constructed. Tlie sexes sleep in separate rooms, but not in separate buildings. The farm was in fair condition. One insane man, returned from Anna, was locked in his cell. The cell and bedding are kept clean. Warrkn. — Visited June 22, 1886. The buildings of this almshouse are fast decaying, and it is difficult to make the rooms look tidy or clean, bat no labor is spared to keep them in as good condition as possible. The inmates were cleanly, healthy, well-clothed and well- fed. There is plenty of room, except in the winter, when all the rooms are full. Since last visit, some of the rooms have been pa- pered, and some painting has been done. The county authorities have expended a great amount of talk about the erection of new buildings, but thus far talk is all that has been spent. New, sub- stantial buildings are needed — not castles in the air. The male in- mates sleep in the insane department ; and the women in the east^ par. of the main building. The rooms are well lighted, fairly ven- tilated, but difficult to heat. There are no bath-tubs. The farm is in a good state of cultivation and promises good crops. One inmate, who is locked up as insane and rarely if ever allowed to go out, is an epileptic and is regarded as too dangerous to be allowed his lib- 153 erty. This man has lucid intervals, for he conversed rationally in regard to his condition, and thought it a great hardship to be con- fined all the time. Washington. — Visi'ed May 13, 18S6. This almshouse was found to be in first-class condition ; the rooms, beds and bedding were neat and clean. The inmates were cleanly and their healtli good; they are well clothed and have good and abundant food and plenty of room. Smce last visit, the building has been thoroughly repaired and painted and the walls and ceilings calcimined. The men oc- cupy rooms on the first floor, and the women have rooms on the second floor. The rooms are well lighted and ventilated, and easily heated. There are no bath-tubs. The farm was in fair condition. Way^e.— Visited Map 20, 1886. This almshouse was found to be moderately clean and in fair condition. The inmates were cleanly, healthy, and moderately well clothed. Some of the inmates com- plained about the food. A building is needed for the insane. The sexes sleep in separate buildings. The rooms are well lighted, ven- tilated and heated. There are no bath-tubs. The farm was in good repair and the crop=! promised well. One insane woman is locked in a cell and does not seem to have much care or attention. She was returned from Anna, but should be sent back, as she needs the care of an attendant. Whitk. — Visited May 4, 1886. This institution was found to be moderately clean, and in fair condition generally. The appearance , of the inmates as to cleanliness might be much improved. Tiieir health was good, and their food plain but abundant. There was plenty of room. The house needs repairs and paint. The men have r^oras en the first floor, and tlie women sleep in rooms on the second floor. The light and ventilation are good. The rooms aie heated by stoves. The farm is in poor condition, the land being worn out. One of the inmates is a blind girl, nineteen years of age, who is anxious to learn, and should be sent to the institution at Jacksonville. Whitesidb. — Visited Jidy 28, 1866. This building was found to be in the best condition. The grounds in front are arranged tastily, with a lawn and shrubbery, are neatly kept, and no rubbish is allowed about tbe premises. The inmates Avere cleanly, well-clothed and well-led, and their health was good. The institution is crowded in the winter Since last visit, a new floor has been laid in the old kitchen, and it is now used as a dining-room; a carriage-house and wood-house, and a new kitchen, have been erected ; and the whole institution is now heated by steam. Male paupers sleep in the west wing, and tbe women in tbe east wing. The rooms are' well hghted, heated and ventilated. Those wishing to bathe can have the temperature of the water as best suits them. The farm was in good condition, and promi.^es good crops. A piggery and yards are needed, and the barn bhould be enlarged. At last visit, there was an insane man locked in a cell, who at times was nude and filthy, and had been kept in his cell for a number of years. The visitor advised the su])erintendent to take the man out for exercise, and put him at work. The man was taken out, and after being watched for a while, to prevent his going astray, he was put to work, cut- ting hedge and using the lawn-mower ; and the superintendent says- 15U Scott. — Visited June 2, 1880. The general condition of this alms- house was rather poor. The inmates were cleanly, well-clothed and fed, and their health good; they have plenty ot room. The huild- ing needs to he thoroughly repaired and painted. Male inmaies sleep in the second story, and females in the first story. The light and ventilation are good, and the rooms are well-healed. No bath- ing fticilities. The farm was in good condition, and the crops fair. Shelby. — Visited June 7, 1836. This almshouse was found to be in very good condition, the floors well cleaned, and the rooms, beds and bedding tidy. The inmates were cleanly, well- clothed and well- fed, their general heaLh was good, and they have plenty of room. Since last visit, the insane department has been completed. The old barn burned down, and ten head of yearling cattle perished in the lire. A dining-room and kitchen are needed for the inmates; the basement should cease to be used for such purposes. The men sleep in the second story of the main building; and the women in the first story, and also in rooms in the insane department. The farm was in good condition, and the crops promised well. The keeper claims that one insane woman here belongs to Menard county. The insane mair who was locked up, last visit, and rarely taken out for any purpose, and of w4iom everybody was afraid, has, according to the suggestion of the inspector, been set at liberty ; and he now makes nearly a full hand on the faim. The inspector saw him out in the field plowing corn alone. He has improved physically, and is recovering mentally. Some of the insane are con- fined in the stockade or airing-court during the day, on account of their filthy habits. They should be removed to some hospital, "where they could have the cave of attendants. Stark. — Visited Jane 25, 1886. This almshouse was in good con- dition, and the rooms, beds and bedding neat and well cared for. The inmates were cleanly, well clothed and fed, their general health good, and they have plenty of room. Since last visit, the brick work on the outside and the wood work on the inside of the main building have been painted. The men sleep in the second story, and tlie women in the first story. The light and ventilation are good, but the rooms are insufficiently heated, especially for old per- sons, A more efficient system of heating should be adopted. Since making the above report, the following telegram has appeared in the newspapers : Toulon, 111., Dee. T.— The Rtarlc county iiont- h juse uurneil to the ground Sunday. The loss is S20.0IJO; insured for «5,0(»ii. St. Claii. — Visited April "IQ, 1886. This almshouse was found to be in much better condition than formerly; everything is clean and tidy. The iumates were cleanly, moderately well clothed, and well- fed. Nearly all of them are old persons, but their health is gen- erally good, and they have plenty of room. Since last visit, a morgue and carriage-house have been erected, and an ambulance purchased. This institution should be connected with the city water-works, which could be done at little cost, as the water-pipes are only five blocks distant. The institution has no means of extinguishing a tire, except by buckets. The sexes are properly separated, and occupy rooms which are well lighted, heated and ventilated. New inmates 151 are bathed before beinp; allowed a l)ed. The condition of the farm has been improved. One of the inmates is a prisoner from the county jail, brought here for surgical care, and to prevent his es- cape. He is charged with the murder of his wife, and attempted suicide by cutting his throat. Stephenson. — Visited AiKjitst 10, 1886. — It is difficult to describe the cleanliness and neatness of this institution. Everything is as clean as it is possible to make it. Each floor, all the walls, and •even loose planks laid to cross a road, are scrubbed ; and the cow- lot is so clean, that one might tramp all over it and not soil a shoe. The front yard id tastily arranged, with eveigreens and tiower-beds ; the lawn is neatly shorn, and is ornamented by a min- iature log-cabin. 6x6 feet, which was constructed by the superin- tendent for exhibition at a festival. It. is impossible to suggest any improvement in the general management of the place. The inmates are cleanly, well-clothed and well-fed, and they appear to enjoy good health and have plenty of room. Since last visit, a second story has been added to the insane department, which now has ten rooms. A bakery has also been erected, and the ice-house remove'd, so that there are three buildings in a row, west of the superintend- ent's dwelling. Furnaces have been purchased, and are used for heating the dwelling and the inmates' quarters. The buildings have- been thoroughly repaired and painted, and a wood-house and milk- house have been constructed. The bath-room, in the insane depart- ment, was being arranged for a supply of hot water. The male inmates sleep in the south end of the stone building, and in the first story of the insane department ; the women in the north end of the stone building, and in the insane department. Tlie rooms are well lighted, heated and ventilated, and the bathing facilities are good. The farm was in a good state of cultivation. None of the insane inmates are locked up, except at night, and all are per- mitted to roam about the premises at pleasure, except one insane man and one idiot, who are kept in an airing-court during the day, on account of being loathsomely filthy in their persons and indecent in their habits. One inmate, however, a woman, was found chained to a shade tree in the yard, who had recently been detected in stealing from other inmates. An examination of her trunk revealed money and many missing articles belonging to inmates. The super- intendent said that she was chained to prevent her entering the rooms of the inmates during their absence. Tazewrtl. — Visited June 9, 1886. — The rooms, beds and bedding of this almshouse were clean and in good order, except in the men's department. The inmates were generally cleanly, well- clothed, and their health good. The food furnished is good and abundant. The institution is somewhat crowded in the winter. The buildings need thorough repairs; a new dining-room and kitchen are also needed. The men sleep in the insane department, and the women in the east wing of the main building. The farm was in good condition, except the fences, which are poor. The salaries of the superintendent and physician are i)ai(l from money received for farm produce. 150 CHAPTER VI. THE COUNTY JAILS. Under the act creating the state board of pubhc charities, the commissioners are authorized and required to visit, inspect and re- port upon "the county alms or poorhouses or otiier places where the insane may he coiijincd." The insane may be, and often are, (as will appear from the reports on jails submitted by Mr. Whipp in this cliapter), confined in county jails. We have been advised, and have acted upon the advice given us, that the language of the act should therefore be construed to include the county jails of this state. It costs no more to inspect a jail and almshouse, when in any county, than to inspect the almshouse alone ; and the beneficial effects of such inspection have been very apparent, in the creation of new jails and the general improvement of our jail system during the past eighteen years. At the same time, we must be permitted to say that the more we know of the practical working of the jail system, the less we like it. Even its improvement affords us no real satisfaction ; for, the more money is expended in the erection of new jails, and the less ground there is for criticism of them in respect of insecurity, in- adequacy and unsanitary conditions, the less likelihood there appears to be of any speedy abolition of the system itself, which can only be reformed by reforming it altogether. The offenders against state law should, in our opinion, be dealt with by the state and not by county officials. The division of responsibility with the counties, for their proper treatment while in prison, can not lead to any good result. The actual results are bad in almost every particular. There is little or no classification of prisoners under the present system ; the facilities for unrestricted association and mutual con- tamination are practically unlimited; prison discipline, properly so- called, does not exist in these county prisons ; the officers in charge are often totally unfit for the trust committed to them; and occu- pation for prisoners, there is absolutely none. We object also to 157^ the confinement of sentenced prisoners and prisoners awaiting trial in the same place; and we think that, for prisoners awaiting trial, strictly cellular confinement, by night and by day, is the only rational and correct method. Until the state follows the example set by the English government, assumes direct control of the entire prison system, appoints its own prison officers, and holds Ihem to a strict accountability to some central authority, with full power over every prison and every prisoner, we look for no sensible abatement in the amount of crime committed, or in the number of convicted criminals. Another matter forces itself on our attention — the number of in- sane in jails who have been discharged from our state hospitals. The discharge of a lunatic who can not be kept in security else- where than in a prison is an outrage. There are plenty of insane in our state hospitals whose right to the privileges of these institu- tions is questionable, and who might be released without imperilling the safety of the public. That they should be retained and these sent out is, to put it mildly, an error of judgment on the part of the medical superintendents, which it should be their duty to correct, as soon as they are made aware of it. Power should be conferred by law upon the state commissioners of public charities to order the transfer of every lunatic, who is improperly cared for in any jail or almshouse of this state, into the custody of the state insti- tutions, regardless of the will of the county authorities or of the superintendents of hospitals ; their power in this regard should be peremptory and without appeal. It is a wrong not only to the in- sane to confine them in jails, but to the prisoners who are com- pelled to associate with them, notwithstanding the fact that, until they have been tried and convicted, they are in law presumed to be innocent. Only a few months ago, an insane man who was re- fused admission into the hospital at Elgin, and confined in the Carroll county jail, murdered a prisoner who vexed and annoyed him. This leads us to remark, further, that there is certainly some- thing wrong in a system which arre^^ts and incarcerates so many perS'On in jail, who, on trial, are acquited of the charges against them, or even released without their cases being called for trial. In one county of tliis state, with about 2,500 prisoners during the year, only 500 were convicted of crime. The same condition of things exists in many other counties. Either there are too few con- victions, or many times too many arrests. The statistical table XXV, which will be found in the appendix to this report, shows that the number of cells in all our jails is 1,285, with a capacity for about twice that number of prisoners; but that the number of prisoners at any one time does not equal 1,000, and is probablv less than 900. This fact, of itself, is a commentary on the wastefulness of the present system, which involves the taxpayers, first of all, in a large unnecessary outlay for prisons. Its extrava- gance is farther apparent from the fact that the maintenance of our jails costs over $220,000 a year, or, say $225 for each prisoner. This would be an excessive charge, if all of the inmates were main- lained in absolute idleness, as they are. But, under a proper sys- 158 tern, sentenced prisoners would have to work and earn something toward their own support. It is not at all improbahle that, if the state were to* assume direct charge of prisons and prisoners, the cost of maintenance might be reduced nearly or quite one-half. The county prisons are, besides, insecure. There pass through them,, annually, about 9,000 prisoners, of whom more than one in every hundred succeed in making their escape. The small number of female prisoners is worthy of notice— 38 out of 834, or a little over four per cent. Whether the number would be larger, if a special prison for women were constructed, can only be a matter of opinion, but we think that it would. It grieves us to find so many children in jail as are reported. During the past two years, new jails have been built in the coun- ties of Jersey, Marion, iSt. Clair and Warren ; and the Coles county jail has been reconstructed. In the opinion of the inspector, new jails are imperatively demanded in many other counties, if the jail system is to be permanently maintained in Illinois. Adams. — Visited October 6, 1886. This jail was found to be clean and generally in good condition. It has ten cells for females, and forty cells for males ; total capacity, ninety. Being in the base- ment of the court-house, it is dark, except in the corridors next the outer wall. The gas is kept constantly burning in the inner corridors. The ventilation, as in all basement jails, is bad. There were fourteen male prisoners present. The number of persons committed during the year ending April 1, as shown by the jail register, was one hundred and seventy-eight. Since last visit, city water has been introduced, with stop-cocks in each cell for Hushing privy-seats ; and the jail has been made more secure by iron bars and improved locks. The jail is probably as complete as it can be made, but it is not what a jail should be. It is reported that the jailor and his family are sick nearly all the time, which is sup- posed to be caused by the dampness and the want of ventilation. The rate per diem for dieting prisoners is forty cents. The jail ex- penses last year were $2,856.50. QuiNCY CiiY Work-House. — Visited October 5, 1886. This work- house has two cells, with room for twenty-four prisoners. There were thirteen prisoners present, twelve men and one woman. About three hundred persons were committed during the year. Since last visit, six prisoners escaped, but were recaptured. The institution was found to be in a deplorable condition ; the blankets, bunks, and cells were miserably dirty. One inmate was found in one of these dirty bunks, sick with a fever, who seemed to be suffering intensely, and no one present to care for him. A new building should be erected, and some regard should be had for the comfort of prisoners. The present one is a disgrace to civilization. The superintendent receives a salary of fifty dollars per month, and three dollars a day for the use of his team. Alexander.— Fisiferf May 3, 1886. It is a punishment to visit this vile jail, and certainly it is inhuman to compel any one to stay in it. It has the name, and is justly entitled to it, of being "the meanest hole in the whole country." Grand juries have condemned 159 it, jailors and prisoners have cursed it long, loud and vehemently^ and the board of charities has again and again described its utter worthlessness and expressed its sense of the inhumanity of the county board in allowing it to exist and to be occupied for its pur- pose, but in vain, for it still remains the same villainous, foul and worthless den. It is impossible to keep it clean, free from vermin, or to destroy its vile odor. AVhen inspected, the walls and floors show'ed that seep-water had made a recent visit, leaving a damp and musty odor ; the air is impure and unfit for breathing, and the darkness is intense. A faint attempt has been made at a slight improvement, since the last visit. The plank cells on the south side have been removed, and four steel cells constructed — two cells, 8x8, on each side of an eight foot corridor. These cells have a little better light and ventilation than the old ones, but the open- ings in the outer walls are so small, that much improvement in either light or ventilation cannot be expected. The jail has eight cells, with a capacity for penning 32 prisoners. Tbe number of prisoners present was sixteen, twelve men. three women, and one girl, under sixteen years of age. One of the prisoners was held as insane, and five of them were sent from Johnson county. The number of persons committed during the year ending April 1, 1885, as shown by the jail register, was one hundred and four. Since last visit, two escapes were effected through the ceiling. Forty cents a day is paid for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year were $1,604.00. Boone. — Visited August 9, 1886. Newly whitewashed and as clean as it can be made. There are five cells and one room for the insane. Twenty-four prisoners can be accommodated, but not comfortably. There is very little of light or ventilation in the cell. There were five prisoners present ; four men and one woman. Two of the prisoners were insane. One of the insane is a woman, who has been kept here, in a cheerless room in the basement, since the first of May. She was sent to the hospital at Elgin, but returned in a week, the superintendent saying that "nothing could be done for her." The jail register shows that twenty-five persons were com- mitted, during the year ending April 1, 1886. There has been no change in the jail, except that the wood of which the cells are made is fast decaying. There is no improvement that could be made, which would be of permanent value. A new jail is needed. No escapes. Fifty cents a day is allowed for dieting prisoners. The total jail expenses last year were $1,338.87. Bond. — Visited May 26, 1886. The jail was found to be under- going the process of being thoroughly washed. It has four cells, and has held as many as eighteen prisoners at one time, but has only comtortable accommodation for eight. The light is poor, and the ventilation bad. There were three men, prii-oners. present. The register shows that twenfy-eight persons w'ere committed, during the year ending April 1, 188(3. The vaults, which had again become offensive, have been drained by a sewer leading to a dry well, about 160 iifteen feet distant. This jail is not susceptible of further improve- ment; a new jail is badly needed. Since last report, one prisoner sawed through the iroa bars in the ceiling, and escaped through the roof. The allowance for dieting prisoners is sixty cents a day. The total jail expenses for last year were $395.40. Bkiwn. — Visited October 4, 1886. As clean as such a badly con- structed and poorly arranged jail can be made. It has six cells, with a capacity for six prisoners. The light and ventilation are poor. There were two men, prisoners, present. The register shows tbat only three persons were committed during the year ending April 1, 1886. The outer wall in the rear of the jail has been re- moveil, which gives a little more light and better ventilation. A new jail is a necessity; the old jail has been repeatedly patched, but it is still unsafe. Two prisoners effected their escape, by dig- ging through the rear wall. The county pays seventy-five cents a day for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $742.40. Bureau. — Visited August 4, 1886. Well kept and in excellent con- dition as to cleanliness. It Iv^CB eight cells and can care for sixteen prisoners. The cells are well lighted and ventilated. There was only one prisoner, a man. The register shows that sixty-nine pris- oners were committed during the year. There has been no change nor improvement. It is insecure and cannot be made better. A new jail is needed. Since last visit, three escapes were effected — two from the debtors' room, and one prisoner locked the jailor in and ' "skipped out" without leaving his address or any instruction as to when the jailor should be discharged. The allowance per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. The jail expenses for last year amount to $1,337.50. CAhnoxjN.— Visited May 30, 1886. This county has very little use for a jail. The register shows that only three p|risoners were com- mitted daring the year. The jail was found in fair condition as to cleanliness. It has two rooms, and can accommodate five prisoners. •One room is now in use as a store-room. There were no prisoners present. There has been no change nor improvement since last visit. The jailer thinks that a new jail is needed. There was one escape effected by breaking the lock. The county pays at the rate of four dollars per week for dieting prisoners. There were no jail expenses last year. CkRKOhh.— Visited August 11, 1886. This jail, which is in the basement of the court-house, was found to be clean, and in as good condition as possible for such a jail. It has six cells, in which twelve prisoners may be locked. It is so dark in the cells and cor- ridor, that nothing can be seen without the aid of artificial light, and the ventilation is miserably bad. Tnere were five nien, pris- oners, present. One of the prisoners is insane, and waiting for a place in the hospital.* He is violent and noisy, and is regarded as dangerous. On the morning of the visit, he had broken his bed- stead into kindling-wood, and was very noisy. The register shows *Itis rcportod that since the date of the visit this insane man has killed a prisoner who was detained on the. charge ot uuirdor. He gave as his reason for the act that the prisoner was guilty df murder, and ought to die. 161 that twenty-three persons were committed during the year. There has been no change in the jail. It has been condemned by every grand jury. A new jail is a necessity. The allowance for dieting prisoners is fifty cents a day. The jail expenses last year were $1,002.42. No escapes. Cass.— Fis if erf July 17, 1886. This jail was found to be in only fair condition. Scrubbing and whitewash would greatly improve it. It has twelve cells, and can accommodate twenty-four prisoners. The lower cells are dark, and poorly ventilated. The prisoners present were five men. There were twenty-three persons committed during the year. There has been no change in the jail, and no escapes, since last visit. A sewer connecting with the privy-vault, which is very offensive, is needed. Fifty cents a day is allowed for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year were $966.58. Champaign. — Visited June 12, 1886. The general condition of this jail is very good. It has ten cells, with accommodation for twenty- eight prisoners. It is well lighted and ventilated. There were six prisoners present, — four men and two women. The number of per- sons committed during the year was fifty-nine. There have been no changes since last report, and no improvements are needed. Since last visit, two boys picked the lock and made their escape through the roof, but were recaptured. The allowance for dietmg prisoners is thirty-three and one-third cents a day. The jail expenses last year were $1,923.12. Cheistian. — Visited July 16, 1886. As clean as possible. It is well lighted, and the ventilation good. It has ten cells, with room for twenty prisoners. The number of prisoners was eight, all of them men. The register shows that thirty- seven were committed during the year. A ventilating-shaft has been placed over the privy- vault since the date of last report; it is said to work well. There is nothing needed in the way of improvements, unless the jail should be entirely remodeled. Since last visit, three prisoners effected their escape by overpowering the jailor. One of them was recaptured, and is now serving the state in the penitentiary. The rate paid per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. The jail expenses for the year were $1,595.43. Claek. — Visited May 26, 1886. In excellent condition. It has eight cells and one extra room. The sheriff says that he can accom- modate from twenty-five to thirty prisoners. The light and ven- tilation are so good, that it would be difficult to suggest any im- provement. The number of prisoners present was two ; both of them men, one insane. The number committed during the year was forty-seven. The privy sewer is offensive at times, and water is needed for flushing it. Since last report, nine prisoners escaped, by cutting through the iron ceiling of the lower tier, and passing through an unlocked cell and through the wall. The county allows fifty-tive cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $1,732.45. Clay. — Visited May 19, 1886. In consequence of the insecurity and general worthlessness of this jail, the court has ordered its use to be abandoned, and that persons committed shall be sent else- where. There are three men, prisoners, in the Marion county jail, P. C— 11 162 who belong to this county. Twenty persons were committed last year. Two escapes were effected from the old jail. The allowance per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. The jail expenses for the year were $293.15. Clinton. — Visited May 18, 1886. As clean as it is possible to make it; but no amount of cleaning will remove the villamous odor. The jail is a disgrace to the county. Sewer connections have been made with the privy-vault, but, having no water with which to flush the privy-seats, the sewer is a failure, and the odor is worse than ever: it is horrible, the air is thick with it. The jail is insecure, except in the cells, and prisoners confined there, in warm weather, suffer with heat and foul air. One prisoner, last summer, died, it is said, through the effects of the heat and poisoned air, and the county is now threatened with a suit for damages.* This jail has eight cells, in which sixteen prisoners may be locked and smothered at the same time. The light is j)Oor, and the ventilation abominable. There were three prisoners present, all men. The register shows that seventeen persons were committed during the year. The county needs a new jail, and is perfectly able to bear the expense. The county board which preceded the present one, contracted with par- ties for the erection of a new prison, but the present board, desir- ing to make a record for economy, or else through stupidity, refused to be bound by the contract. Apparently, the only way to convince them that a new jail is an absolute necessity, would be to give them a taste of jail life, for about ten days, in this horrible stench-hole. No other argument would be necessary. Since last visit, four escapes were effected, three through the use of false keys, and one man, who was out on parole, taking fresh air into his pris- oned lungs, finding the temptation of pure 9,ir too great, ran away. The county pays sixty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $623.55. The county has made additions to the court-house on every side, with one roof to cover the whole. It now has the appearance of a new building, and is well adapted for its purpose. The improvements cost $18,000. Coles. — Visited June 10, 1886. This jail was found to be all torn up and workmen were engaged in remodelling the interior. All the old cells, except two iron ones, have been taken out, and the cells remaining have been removed from the wall and steel bars placed in the back. Two tiers of steel cells, one above the other, with three cells and a corridor in each tier, have been constructed on a plan similar to the cells of the jail in Marion county, by Pauly & liro., and placed near the south end of the jail. The old iron cells are for boys, and the steel cells for men, and women will occupy the old room. These cells will afford accommodation for about thirty prisoners. The light in the new cells will be good, but it will be poor in the old cells. It is claimed that the ventilation will be good. The iron and steel work will cost $5,500, and the other im- provements will make the entire cost $6,000. There were no pris- oners present. The register shows that thirty-five persons were * Friends of Martin Koening, an alleged horsethief. who died recently in the prison at Carlylo, III., have brought suit against the county for S5,000 damages, claiming that lack of proper ventilation in th<.- jail caused Koening's death.— Springfield News, Dec. 15, 188(i. 163 committed during the year. Three escapes were effected since the last visit : one by digging through the floor, and two by picking the lock. The allowance for dieting prisoners is forty-three cents a day. The jail expenses for the year were $4,912.56. Cook. — Visited October 27, 1887. The Cook county jail contains 136 cells in the department for men, 48 in that for women, and 48 in that for boys ; total, 2c2 cells, with a capacity for 420 prisoners. There were present when inspected, 325 ; of whom 287 were men, 15 women, 23 boys, and 10 girls. Connected with the jail, but not under the control of the sheriff, is an insane department, elsewhere referred to in this report, with six rooms for patients, two for attendants, and a dining-room, besides a strong room with separate wooden cells for the violent. The number of prisoners committed to the jail, during the last year, was 3,689. There is no special remark to make as to the condition of the jail or inmates in addi- tion to what has been said in previous reports. Though not a model prison, by any means, it answers its purpose fairly well, as jails go. The allowance for dieting prisoners is 30 cents a day, at which rate, the income of the sheriff from this source must be $35,000 or $J0,000 a year, which should give him a very handsome profit. The amount paid by the county for maintenance of prisoners, both in the jail and at the house of correction, last year, was $50,884.70. House of Correction.— This establishment was not formally in- spected, though several visits have been made to it, during the past two years, by Mr. Wines. Under the management of Mr. C, E, Felton, the superintendent, it occupies a very high rank among the prisons of its class in the country. The number of prisoners received and discharged, annually, is about 7,500; the number at any one time, about 700. The management has been much em- barrassed, in a financial sense, by the action of the city council, in 1884, prohibiting the making of new contracts for the labor of prisoners. This difficulty has been met in part by an appropriation for the enlargement of the prison, and the employment of the men in the work of construction. Crawford. — Visited May 24, 1886. — This jail was found to be clean and neatly kept. It has eight cells, with accommodations for two prisoners in each cell. The light and ventilation are all that could be desired. There were two prisoners present, both men. The number of persons committed during the year was nine. The jail was formerly heated by a furnace, through registers in the floor ; several prisoners having escaped through the registers, they have been stopped up, and the jail is now heated by stoves. There have been no escapes since last visit. The county pays sixty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $854.14. Cumberland. — Visited May 25, 1886. The county-seat question is still unsettled, and the building of a jail has consequently been de- ferred. The old jail was found to be as clean as care and labor could make it. It has two cells, and accommodation for but two prisoners, although eight prisoners have been confined in it at one time. The cells are poorly lighted, and without ventilation. There was only one prisoner, a man, present. Twelve persons were com- 164 mittecl during the year. The old court-house, with all the county- records, was destroyed by lire November 4, 1885. The amount of the jail expenses for the year, $324,71, was furnished by the jailer. The county pays sixty cents a day for dieting prisoners. BeKmjB.- Visited July "29, 1886, This jail, which is a poor affair, was found to be clean and newly whitewashed. It contains thirteen cells, and can accommodate fifteen prisoners. Very little light finds its way into the cells, and no ventilation, except through grated doors. There was one prisoner, a colored man, present. The num- ber of persons committed, as shown by the register, w^as thirty-six. There has been no improvement since last inspected. The water- closets throw out an offensive odor, and water for flushing is needed. The jail is totally unfit for its purpose, and the best thing to do would be to abandon it and build a new one. There have been no escapes. The allowance for dieting prisoners is forty cents a day. The jail expenses last year were §800.40. DeWitt, — Visited June 3, 188o. It is very difficult to make this jail anything like comfortable, but it was found to be in very good condition as to cleanhness. This jail has eight cells, with a capacity for sixteen prisoners. It is dark and poo}iy ventilated. There were three prisoners present when inspected : three men and one boy. The number of persons committed during the year w'as fifty-five. The windows have been enlarged, and the light and ventilation have been slightly improved. A new jail is needed. One prisoner es- caped, by passing a keeper who was temporarily in charge. The jail expenses for the year were $1,276.33. The allowance for diet- ing prisoners is fifty cents a day. Douglas. — Visited June 9, 1886. In as good condition as such an abominable jail can be kept. If prayers, tears, sighs, groans and curses could destroy it, it would long have been a thing of the past, but its stability is remarkable. It has been censured by every visitor, condemned by every grand jury, and execrated by every in- mate, but still it remains, a disgrace to humanity. The blame of its existence lies with the members of the county board, who have hitherto paid more attention to the cry of "economy" than to the calls of humanity. This jail has four stone boxes in which to pun- ish the same number of unfortunate prisoners. These cells are so dark, that nothing is visible without the aid of artificial light, and God's pure air never enters there. The number of persons committed during the year was fifteen. One prisoner escaped since last visit, by passing the keeper, but was recaptured. The rate per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. The jail expenses for the year were $1,115.40. DuPage. — Visited July 26, 1886. Cleanliness and tidiness seem to be the leading features in this jail. There are thirteen cells, in which twenty-four prisoners may be locked. There is no light in the cells, and the light in the corridor is poor, and unpleasant on account of the close grating in the windows. The ventilation is good in the corridor, but poor in the cells. There were three pri- soners, all men, present. One of the prisoners, who is held on the charge of murder, was sentenced to be executed, but a new trial has been granted. It is thought tha*; he will be acquitted at his 165 next trial, as the witness upon whose testimony he was convicted has left the country, probably never to return. This prisoner, on the day of the visit, was outside the jail, doing chores for the sherifif, and treated as one of the family. There were fourteen per- sons committed during the last year. The ceiling has been lined with corrugated iron since last visit. There have been no escapes. Fifty cents a day is paid for dieting prisoners. Last year's jail expenses were $492.10. Edgar. — Visited June 10, 1886. A very uncomfortable jail, but it was found to be as clean as it could be made The floors of the cells and corridor had been recently scrubbed, and a fire was burn- ing in the stove to remove the dampness. There are nine cells, which will accommodate eighteen prisoners, without crowding. The ventilation is bad, and the cells are dark. There were four prison- ers present, three men and one woman. The woman was at work in the kitchen of the sheriff's office. The register shows that sev- enty-seven persons were committed to jail during the year. There have been no changes and no escapes, since last visit. A new jail is needed. The old jail can not be improved, or made much worse. The county pays sixty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year amounted to $2,5£3,04, Edwards. — Visited May 21, 1886. The jail was found, as usual, without an occupant, and clean and in good order. It has two cells, which will accommodate six prisoners. There is plenty of light and ventilation in the corridor, but not much in the cells. This county has very little use for a jail. The number of persons committed during the last three years was only three. The number committed last year was one. Eleven piisoners were sent here from Wabash county. There is no change in construction. Double doors, or a cage, should be constructed at the entrance, for the protection of the keeper. Five Wabash county prisoners effected their escape, by cutting through the wall. The total criminal and jail expenses for the year were $568.70. The allowance for dieting prisoners is sixty cents per diem. Effingham. — Visited May 26, 1886. This jail was clean, and the cells that were occupied were in good condition. It has six cells, with a capacity for caring for eighteen prisoners. The light and ventilation are good. There were two prisoners present, one man' and one woman. The register shows that fifty-seven prisoners were committed during last year. No changes and no escapes, since last visit. A new jail, on some modern plan, is needed. The jail ex- penses last year were $546.78. The county pays fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. Fayette. — Visited May 27, 1886. The jail was not as clean as it should be, or as a very little attention would make it. It has nine cells, with a capacity for seventeen prisoners. The light and ven- tilation are good. There were three prisoners present, all men. Twenty-one were committed during the year. The bars of the cage through which prisoners escaped, as stated in our last report, have been strength'?ned. The women's cell is like a box without light or ventilation. Some better place should be provided. The iron-work of the jail needs painting. Since last report, four men made their 166 escape, by slipping outside, while the keeper's attention was pur- posely called to another matter. The jail expenses for the year were $1,674.96. The county pays sixty-live cents a day for dieting prisoners, when the number is small, but for a large number the amount paid is fifty cents a day. Ford. — Visited July 1, 1886. Newly whitewashed, the floors clean, and all in good condition. There are sixteen cells, in which six- teen persons may be imprisoned. The light and ventilation are good, and the sewer works well. The register shows that sixteen persons were committed during the year. Since last visit, the iron bunks have been removed and cots substituted. No improvements are needed. Four escapes are reported ; one passed the keeper at the door, and three removed a stone on the east side, up-stairs, and passed through the wall. The allowance per diem for dieting pris- oners is fifty cents. The jail expenses for last year were $592.91. Franklin. — Visited April 30, 1886. This jail needs whitewashing and cleaning generally. It is in bad condition. It has eight cells, which will accommodate sixteen prisoners. The light is poor, and the ventilation bad. There was only one prisoner, a man, present. Thirty-one persons were committed during the year. No changes or improvements have taken place since last visit. The floors are rusting out, and the fastenings on the cell-doors have given way, so that any energetic prisoner, with a can-opener, could go out at pleasure. Four prisoners escaped through the floor. Fifty cents a day is paid for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year amounted to $606.82. FuLTO.^. — Visited June 18, 1886. In good condition, clean, and the floor, which at previous visits was wet or damp, was dry. The jail has fourteen cells, with accommodations for two in each cell. The upper cells have very poor light and ventilation ; the lower cells are in still worse condition. There were four men, prisoners, when inspected. The number committed during the year was ninety. No changes have been made. The whole jail needs remodelling; it is insecure, badly lighted and ventilated, and the sewer not only throws out an offensive odor, but often floods the floor. It is ex- pected that the work of reconstruction will commence next month. One escape was effected, through the floor of the water-closet and the outer wall. The county pays fifty cents a day for dieting pris- oners. The jail expenses last year were $2,465.02. Gallatin. — Visited May 5, 1886. Clean, and in very good condi- tion for a jail of its character. It has two cells, and can accom- modate nine prisoners. The corridor is well-lighted, but the cells have neither light nor ventilation. The number of prisoners present, when inspected, was seven ; all men, and one of them insane. Six- teen were committed during the year. There is no change ; it is the same old uncomfortable prison. Some say, "a new jail is needed;" while others say that "the present jail is a good-enough home for rascals." There have been no escapes since the last visit. The allowance per diem for dieting prisoners is sixty cents. The jail expenses for last year were $940.00. 167 Greene. — Visited June 2, 1S86. In very good condition as to cleanliness. There are six cells, with a capacity for comfortably caring for sixteen prisoners. The light and ventilation in the upper cells are fair, but the lower cells lack ventilation and light. There was only one prisoner, a man. The register shows that thirty-six persons were committed to the jail, during the past year, seven of whom were sent from Jersey county. Since last visit, some ventilat- ors have been put in. The building needs to be repaired and painted. Three prisoners effected their escape, by picking the lock; two of them were recaptured. The county pays fifty cents a day for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $1,328.09. Grundy. — I'isited August 23, 1886. Clean and in good condition. It has twelve cells, which will accommodate sixteen prisoners. The light is fair, and the ventilation moderate in upper cells, but poor below. Two men, prisoners, were present, when inspected. Seventy persons were committed during the year. Since last report, iron bedsteads have been purchased, the jail has been partly lined with iron, and sewer-connections have been made. More water for flush- ing water-closets and for washing the jail, is needed, and better ventilation should be provided. No escapes. Fifty cents a day is the rate for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year were $1,389.98. Hamilton. — Visited May 5, 1886. Only moderately clean. There are four cells, w'hich will accommodate eight prisoners. They are dark and poorly ventilated. In the corridor the light is poor, but the ventilation is fair. Two prisoners were present, both men. The register shows twenty-four persons were committed during the year. The jailor said: "No improvements are needed inside, but the out- side walls are weak, and the jail being a detached building, it is not difficult to work on the inside and outside for the release of pris- oners, without discovery." Six escapes were effected by picking locks and throwing bolts. The county pays seventy-five cents a day for dietmg prisoners, when there are two prisoners or less, but \^hen there are more, the rate is fifty cents per diem. The jail expenses last year were $1,536.00, Hancock. — Visited October 6, 1888. Clean and tidy. Three cells, which will accommodate twelve prisoners, and a place for females, on the same floor. The light and ventilation are good. There were six men, prisoners, present when visited. The number of persons committed, during the year, was thirty-two. Since last visit, one corner of the jail has been enclosed by a grating, for female pris- oners. More cells are needed, and the part arranged for females should be so enclosed that the sexes cannot see or talk with each other. As they are now, they are only separated by two gratings, with five feet distance between them. There have been no escapes since last visit. The county pays fifty cents per diem for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year were $677.55. Hardin. — Visited May 6, 1886. This jail is only used as a cala- boose. Persons committed are taken to Massac county jail. No record of commitments kept. The rate paid for dieting prisoners is fiftv cents per diem, and the amount paid for the year was $355.50. 168 Hendekson. — Visited June 22, 1886. — This old, miserable under- ground jail was found to be as clean as it could be made. There are sis cells for males, and one room, up-stairs, for females. The capacity is fourteen. Light and ventilation are total strangers in the cellar. There were no prisoners when visited. Twenty-one per- sons were committed during the year. This old jail is horrible. It was thought that, when the county-seat question was settled, the county would immediately erect a decent prison, but the question has been settled in favor, of Oquawka, and cannot be reopened be- fore the year 1892. There is, however, little show for a new jail; the cry is "high taxes." The jail and almshouse are kept by the same keeper, who is paid a salary of $1,000 per annum. Henry. — Visted June 24, 1886. — As clean and tidy as it could be made. The walls are as white as snow, and the floors polished with repeated scrubbing. It has twenty-four cells, and can care comfortably for the same number of prisoners. The light is good on the west side ; but, on the east side, which is rarely used, it is poor. The ventilation is good. There were three men prisoners present. Twenty-three person were committed, during the year. No changes and no escapes, since last visit. No improvements needed. The allowance for dieting persons is fifty cents a day. The jail expenses for last year were $995.75. Iroquois. — Visited June 30, 1886. — In good condition, for a basement jail. It has four cells, with a capacity for eight prisoners. The cells are dark, and the ventilation not good. There were four pris- oners present, all men. The register shows that fourteen were com- mitted during the year. Since last visit, a tank has been erected for water, and water-traps placed in position for the purpose of improving the sewerage. No odor from the sewer is now perceptible. A. new jail is needed. There have been no escapes. The county pays forty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses were very light last year, amounting to only $106.60. Jackson. — Visited May 11, 1886. — As clean as such a jail can be made ; Ave cells, with a capacity for ten prisoners. The cells are dark and without sufficient ventilation. The corridor is well lighted and ventilated. There were four prisoners, three men and one woman. The woman is detained as a witness, and is compelled to occupy a cell, the door of which was open, giving access to the corridor used by male prisoners. The jailor says that "when he leaves the jail, all are locked separately in cells." It may be the law, to lock up witnesses in a jail, so as to insure their presence at the trial; but it is an injustice and a great wrong, to incarcerate those who are charged with no crime with common thieves and murderers, because they are too poor to furnish bail for their ap- pearance, while the criminal is probably out enjoying his freedom-— especially, when a woman is held in such a miserable jail as this. in a corridor, by day, which is occupied by the sexes in common, and locked up at night in a dark, unventilated cell, having none of the conveniences common to decency. Law or no law, the practice is no*^^hing less than inhuman, indecent, and a brutal outrage. Sixty-four persons were committed, during the past year. Since last visit, no change or improvement has taken place. One escape 1C9 was eJBfected, by burning the woodwork and breaking the lock. Special accommodation for female prisoners is needed, and the iron floor of the jail needs renewing. Fifty cents a day is allowed for dieting prisoners. Last year's jail expenses were $1,576.93. Jaspee. — Visited May 25, 188tj. — As clean as it can be made, and has always been found to be in good order. It has six cells, with a capacity for twelve prisoners. The light and ventilation are supe- rior. There was only one prisoner, a man, present. The number committed, during the past year, was elev-en. There have been no changes and no escapes, since last visit. Water-closets, with sewer connections for the two rooms occupied by females, are needed. The rate for dieting prisoners is sixty cents a day. The jail ex- penses for the year, $595.70. Jefferson. — Visited May 13, 1836. — The condition of this jail, as to general cleanliness, was found to be good. It has eight cells, with accommodation for two prisoners in each cell. The cells are well ventilated, but poorly lighted. There were six prisoners present, all men. The number committed during the year, was twenty- eight. No change in the construction of the jail, since last visit, and no escapes. The jail is in good repair, and no improvement is needed. The county pays fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $924.40, Jersey. — Visited June 1, 1886.— Since our last report, the county authorities have constructed a new jail and jailor's residence, at a cost of $16,744.65. The sheriff's residence is a two-story brick building, which fronts west. The jail proper is of the same material, and is connected with the residence, in the rear. Its dimensions are 30x40 feet, and it contains two tiers of cells, one above the other, four cells in each tier, two cells in each row, back to back ; a prisoners' corridor, five feet in width, extends along the front of each row ; the whole surrounded by a jailor's corridor, which is nine feet wide at the entrance, or west side, and five feet wide on the other sides. The cells are each 6ix7| feet, and the cells and prisoners' corridors are constructed of steel plate and steel bars. There are also two cells for women, up stairs, in the sheriff's resi- dence. The whole building is heated by steam, and has sewer con- nections, but, as there are no water-closets in the cells, buckets are used at night. Everything about the jail was found to be in first- class order. Good light and ventilation in each cell. The capacity of the jail is thirty-six. There were four prisoners present, all men. The register shows twenty- seven committed, during the year. There have been no escapes. The allowance per ' diem for dieting prisoners is forty cents. The jail expenses for the year were $594.60. JoDaviess. — ]^isited Augvst 12, 1886. — Everything about this jail is clean and tidy, and it is in excellent order. It has twelve cells, with a capacity for twenty-four prisoners. The jail, which is placed near the summit of a high bluff, has an abundance of light, and the ventilation is unsurpassed. There were four prisoners present; three men and one woman. Thirty-one persons were committed, during the year. A stone wall has been constructed on two sides of the jail-lot, surmounted by a low iron ornamental fence, which gives the premises a tasty and finished appearance. The jail has 170 an elevator for taking food to the prisoners, is supplied with water from a tank in the attic, and is heated perfectly in the winter by a furnace located in the basement. No improvement seemed to be necessary. There have been no escapes. The jail expenses for last year were $2,285.35. The rate per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. Johnson. — Visited May 10, 1886. This county has no jail. The prisoners are sent to Alexander county. The number of prisoners belonging to this county, in the Alexander county jail, was four, all men. Twenty-seven persons were committed during the year. The jail expenses for the year were $831.35, which includes expenses of guarding and transportation to Cairo. The rate paid per diem for dieting prisoners is forty cents. Kane. — Visited Jidy 27, 1886. In as good condition as possible for a basement jail. The light in the corridors is miserable, and the cells are so dark that nothing can be seen without the aid of ai'tificial light. The ventilation in the corridors is poor, but the cells have none. This jail is a miserable affair, as basement jails usually are ; it is a cruelty to confine human beings in it, and the wonder is that men are not suffocated for want of air. One pris- oner, who is envied by the rest, is allowed to sleep in the laundry, as a compensation for doing the washing for the prisoners. The number present was eighteen, all men. The register shows that one hundred and ten persons were committed during the year. Steam- heating, bath-tubs and water-closets have been furnished, sewer connections with the river have been constructed, and the jail sup- plied with flowing water from an artesian well. No amount of im- provements, however, will make this jail as comfortable as it should be. A new jail should be erected, above the surface of the ground. There have been no escapes. The county pays fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were 1^2,042. Kankakee. — Visited August 15, 1886. In poor condition in regard to cleanliness. There seems to be a dead-lock on the question of cleaning. Prisoners insist that outsiders should clean up, and the sheriff claims that it is the business of the inmates ; consequently the jail has not been cleaned for a long time. This jail has four cells, with room for twenty prisoners. The light in the corridors is poor, and the cells are as dark as a dungeon. There is no ven- tilation of any value. Prisoners complain of the darkness and the want of ventilation. There were eleven present — nine men and two boys. Thirty-nine were committed during the year. Iron screens have been placed to the windows since last visit. This is one of the jails that can not be improved, or made much worse. A new jail is wanted. No escapes. Fifty cents a day is paid for dieting. The expenses last year were $1,638.60. KESDAijij.— J^isitcd August 5, 1886. This jail is similar in con- struction to the one in Douglas county, and is nearly as mean. It is a little better lighted and ventilated, being on the summit of a hill. It was found to be clean as a miserable, uncomfortable jail can be made. There are four cells, in which eight persons may be packed. The cells are "as dark as Egypt," and without ventilation. The corridor has a little better light and air. Three prisoners, all 171 men, were present. The register shows twenty-nine committed, during the.jear. There has been no change since last visit. The jail is secure, but it is inhuman to compel any one to stay in it. Two prisoneis effected their escape, by simply walking through the door, which is supposed to have been left unfastened. The sheriff said that the prisoners were committed for trivial offenses, and he seemed glad to get rid of them. The jail expenses for the year were ^689.35. The allowance per diem for dieting prisoners is sixty cents. Knox. — Visited June 21, 1886. This is a good jail, and well cared for. It was found to be in excellent condition in every respect. There are thirty cells for males, and two cells for females, afford- ing accommodation for fifty prisoners. The light and ventilation are excellent. Seventy-three persons were committed during the year. Twelve prisoners present, all of them men. There has been no change, and no improvements are needed. One prisoner escaped, by hiding under the table and slipping past the keeper through the door. The jail expenses, last year, were $8,£81.52. The rate paid per diem for dieting prisoners is forty- five cents. This county has now in course of erection a magnificent new court house, which, at the time of this visit, was nearly completed. It will be an orna- ment to Galesburg, and a credit to the county. Its cost, including furniture, will be one hundred and twenty-two thousand dollars. Lake. — Visited August 7, 1886. This jail was found to be clean and in good condition. There are seven cells, in which twenty pris- oners may be accommodated. The light is poor. The ventilation is fair, for a basement jail. There were four prisoners present, all men. The number committed during the year was seventy-four. No change in the construction has been made. The drainage is imper- fect, and needs attention. The erection of a jail above the surface of the ground would be a wise and commendable act. No escapes since last visit. The jail expenses last year amounted to 12,809.14. The allowance per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. LaSalle. — Visited August 4, 1886. In excellent condition m every part ; cells, corridors and stairways as clean as can be made. There are twenty cells, which accommodate forty prisoners. The light is excellent. The ventilation is inferior. The patent ventila- tion seems to be a failure. One hundred and forty-three persons were committed, during the year. Twenty prisoners, seventeen men and three women, were present. The jail needs better ventilation, and some way should be adopted for the complete separation of the sexes. The sexes occupy separate floors, but they can converse with each other, and their conversation is not, at all times, very chaste. A kitchen should be erected, outside the main building. The pres- ent kitchen is too small, and the heat is very offensive in the summer- time. There have been no escapes. Fifty cents per diem is allowed for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $6,891.05. Lawrence. — Visited May 24, 1886. As clean as it is possible to make a jail of this kind. There are two cells, in which eight pris- oners may be confined. The light and ventilation were good. Thei« were present two prisoners, both men. Sixteen prisoners were com- 172 mitted during the year. There have been no changes nor improve- ments. The jail is old; the walls are shaky and crying to be taken down. The erection of a new jail would be the right thing to do. One sick prisoner, who was placed in the corridor to add to his comfort, ungratefully passed the guard and made his escape. The county pays fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $195.10. Lee. — Visited June 27, 1886. In excellent condition in every re- spect. The walls are profusely adorned with mottos and some paint- ings, which show considerable artistic skill ; all are the work of one of the prisoners. The ventilation and light are very good. There are twelve cells, in which twelve prisoners may be accommodated, or twenty-four by crowding. There were four prisoners present, three men and one woman. Two of the prisoners are insane, and have been returned from the hospital. The register shows that seventy-three prisoners were committed, during the year. Since last visit, the jail has been lighted by gas, and supplied with water by the city water-works. Steam-heating is needed. There have been no escapes. The county pays forty-five cents a day for dieting prison- ers. Last year the jail expenses were $2,788.56. Livingston. — Visited August 17, 1886. Clean, and in good condi- tion, except the privy-vaults, which are very offensive, on account of obstructions in the sewer. The jail has twelve cells, with a capacity for thirty-six prisoners. The light is good in the upper cells. The ventilation is bad. There were sixteen prisoners present, fifteen men and one boy. Forty-eight prisoners were committed, during the year. Since last report, the county authorities have at last arrived at the conclusion that decency demands that the sexes shall have separate apartments, while in jail, and they have caused one of the rooms formerly occupied by the jailer, to be fitted up for female prisoners and for boys. The sewer should have immediate attention. The odor fills the entire jail. The jail expenses last year were $1,195.31. The amount paid per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. Log K^.— Visited June 4, 1886. This jail has sixteen cells, which will accommodate thirty-two prisoners. There were eight prisoners present, all men. The part of the jail which is occupied was clean and in fair condition, but the unused part was dirty and untidy. The ventilation and light are poor in the lower cells, and should be remedied; and the jail should be provided with sewerage. The register shows that thirty-five persons were committed to jail, during the year. There have been no escapes. The county pays fifty cents per diem for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $732 05. Maco^.— Visited August 15, 1886. The jail was found to be in good condition. It is scrubbed twice each week, when few prisoners are present ; but, when crowded, it is scrubbed every morning. It has twenty-four cells for males, and two cells for females, and can, if necessary, accommodate twice that many prisoners. The hght is fair, except in the lower cells, and the ventilation is sometimes bad. When the wind blows in a certain direction, the sewer is offensive. There were fourteen prisoners present, all men. Two hundred and 178 thirty persons were committed, during the year. There have been no changes nor improvements made, and no escapes, since last visit. The ventilation, light and sewerage should be improved. Fifty cents a day is paid for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses, last year, amounted to $3,016.45. Macoupin. — Visited May 14, 1886. This jail was found to be newly whitewashed, and its condition as to general cleanliness, was good. It has twenty cells, and a debtor's room, and has a capacity for twenty-six prisoners. The light and ventilation are fair in the cor- ridors, but poor in the cells. There were ten prisoners present, all men. The register shows that forty-five prisoners were committed, during the year. There have been no changes nor improvements, since last visit, and the jailor does not see any necessity for any improvement. Two prisoners made their escape. They placed dummies in their beds, and the keeper, supposing all were in their cells, locked them up and left the prisoners in the corridor, from which their escape was effected ; but the fugitives were recaptured. The jail expenses, last year, were $888.9^. The allowance for dieting is fifty cents per diem. Madison. — Visited September 1, 1886. The condition of this jail, in regard to general cleanliness, was good. The light is good on the south side, but the ventilation is poor. The privy-vault is offensive, and the odor is foul. There are twenty cells, in which thirty- six prisoners may be accommodated ; and one cell for females, on the second floor of the sheriff's residence, which has neither light nor air, and is unfit for anything that breathes. There were seventeen prisoners present, sixteen men and one boy. The number of com- mitments, last year, was fifty-five. Since last visit, the jailer's corridor, which leads around the cells, has been closed with an iron railing. The jailor was nearly killed by the prisoners, while in the corridor, which has been closed. This jail needs ventilation, sewer- age, general repairs, and painting. This is one of the cheap counties, and only pays thirty-five cents a day for boarding prison- ers. Last year's jail expenses were $2,421.62. Mariok. — Visited May 19, 18?6. Since last visit to this county, a jail and sheriff's residence have been erected, at a cost of seventeen thousand dollars. The sheriff's residence is a two-story brick structure, fronting west, in the rear of which is the jail, which is of the same material. The dimensions of the jail are about 25x40 feet, and it is divided into two parts. The first division is the women's or debtors' department, which contains two tiers of cells, one above the other, placed next the wall, each tier having two cells, and the dimensions of each cell are 6x10 feet. The second division is the prison for males, which contains, in the centre, two tiers of cells, one above the other, with two cells 7x12 feet, and a corridor to each tier, fronting north, the whole surrounded by a jailor's corridor. The prisoners' cells and corridors are constructed of steel slabs and bars. The cells are locked separately, and also together, by a bar-lock. The building was heated by steam, but, the apparatus being found insufficient, a stove has been added. The jail was found to be in first-class condition in every respect. It has accommodation for sixteen prisoners. The light and ventilation are excellent. There 174 were eight men, prisoners, present. The number of persons com- mitted, during the year, was twenty. One prisoner, who was held on the charge of murder, made his escape from this new jail, but how the escape was effected, remains a mystery. It is supposed that he passed out, disguised in the clothing of some visitor. The county pays forty cents per diem for feeding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $S09.89. Marshall. — Visited Jane 28, 1886, Clean and in good order ; six cells, with a capacity for twelve prisoners. The light and ventila- tion are only moderate, in corridor, and poor, in the cells. There were no prisoners present, the register shows twenty-one committed, during the year. There have been no changes or improvements. The privy-vault is offensive, when the jail is occupied, and should be remedied. The ventilation ought to be improved. The county pays fifty cents per diem for dietmg prisoners. The last year's jail expenses were estimated at $339.69. Mason. — Visited June 16, 1886. This jail, which is one of the worst in the state, still stands as a relic of barbarism. The roof leaks, the woodwork is rotten, the floors have to be supported by props, and the walls are cracked and out of plumb, and would fall, were they not tied together by iron rods. The jail is a disgrace to the county, dangerous to visit, and it is inhuman to compel anyone to stay in it. What a blessing it would be, if some friendly cyclone would pick the thing up and dump it into some neighboring slough ! It was found to be as clean as such an infamous hole can be kept. There are eight cells and one debtor's room, in which eighteen prisoners may be tortured with the fear that the building will fall in and crush them. The cells are poorly lighted, and have no ven- tilation, except through the grated doors. The heating-apparatus is poor. There were were four men, prisoners, present in the ruins. Thirty- six persons were committed during the year. It is to be hoped that the county-seat question will be speedily settled, so that no excuse will be left for not building a new jail. There have been no escapes. The county pays sixty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $986.65. Massac. — Visited May 7, 1886. In poor condition as to general cleanliness. A little scrubbing and whitewash would improve its appearance. The prison-birds of this jail are* kept in an iron cage, which, it is claimed, will give room for eight prisoners. The jail is dark, and the ventilation bad. There were no prisoners present; the cage was empty. The number of persons committed to this jail, last year, was forty. There have been no escapes. A new jail is a necessity. The county allows fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $881.25. McDoNOUGH. — Visited October 7, 1886. As neat and clean as pos- sible. It has twenty-six cells, with a capacity for fifty prisoners. The light and ventilation are excellent. There was only one pris- oner, a man, present. The register shows that thirty-four persons were committed during the year. There has been no change in construction, and there have been no escapes since last visit. The ceiling of the jailor's corridor, in which prisoners bathe, should be 175 made more secure by sheathing. The county pays sixty-five cents a day for boarding prisoners. Tbe jail expenses last year were $1,555.87. McHenry. — Visited August 6, 1886. The jail was found to be in good condition ; newly whitewashed and as neat as possible. It has fourteen cells, which will accommodate twenty-eight prisoners. The cells are very dark and without ventilation. There is some light in the corridor, next to the window. There were five men, prisoners, present. The register shows that thirty-six persons were committed last year, k^ince last visit, a partition has been erected between the corridor and water-closet. This jail is in the basement of the court- house, and experience has proved it impossible to make it com- fortable. It should be abandoned, and a jail erected above the surface of the ground. There have been no escapes. The county pays fifty cents per diem for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $1,782.05. McLean. — Visited July 1, 1886. This jail is always kept in good condition. It was found to be clean and tidy. It has thirty- six cells and has room for forty-eight prisoners. The light and venti- lation are good. There were sixteen men, prisoners, present when inspected. One hundred and forty-three persons were committed to this jail, during the past year. The windows, which formerly opened on the inside, and which could only be partly opened, have been hung with hinges at the top, and now open on the outside and afford more air. This jail is one of the best jails in the state. No improvements were suggested. Forty cents per day is the allowance for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year were $5,411.60. Menard. — Visited June 15, 1883. This jail is clean and in good condition generally. It has twelve cells, with comfortable accommo- dations for the same number of prisoners. The light is poor, ex- cept in the upper cells, and the ventilation is not as good as it should be. Some odor comes into the jail from the privy-vault. There were three prisoners present, all men. The number of per- sons committed, during the year, was twenty-three. Additional steel bars have been placed on the windows, and the jail may now be regarded as secure, until some ingenious prisoner shall discover another weak point. The windows are so filled up with bars and grating, that the light is materially obstructed. A pipe has also been placed in position, which runs from the privy-vault through the roof and carries most of the odor away. No escapes. The county pays fifty-five cents a day for feeding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $1,998.02. Mercer. — Visited June 23; 1883. This prison has ten cells, which will accommodate eighteen prisoners. The light and ventilation are excellent in the upper cells but poor below. It was found to be in excellent condition as to cleanliness. There were three men, pris- oners, present. The register shows twenty-three committed during the year. Since last visit, the jail has been improved by the re- moval of tbe upper tier of stone cells, and three steel cells, with grated corridors, have taken their place. The approach to the steel cells is by a new iron stairway. The light and ventilation have also 176 been improved by making the two windows on each side three times their former size. There have been no escapes. Fifty cents a day is allowed for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $705.96. MoNcioE. — Visited April 26, 1886. One of the most complete jails in the state. It is always found to be neat and clean. There are eight cells for male prisoners, and one cell, on the first floor, for fe- male prisoners. Sixteen prisoners may be accommodated at one time. There is plenty of light, and the ventilation is excellent. No prisoners present. The number committed during the year was nine. Tnere have been no changes nor improvements since last visit. The jaii is in excellent repair. No escapes. Sixty cents a day is the rate paid for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $754.55. Montgomery. — Visited May 28, 1886. In very good condition. It has fourteen cells, which will accommodate twenty-eight prisoners. The light and ventilation are all that could be desired. There were live men, prisoners, present. The register shows fifty-two committed during the year. No improvements, and no escapes since last visit. No improvements needed. The jailor receives fifty cents per diem for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $1,135.85. MoKGAN. — Visited August 24, 1886. The condition of this jail as to general cleanliness was good, and it has the appearance of al- ways being in the same state. It has eight cells, with accommo- dations for fifteen prisoners. Thirty have been lodged here at one time. There were nine present, all men. The commitments during the year were one hundred and fourteen. There have been no changes, and no escapes since last visit. The present jail is too small for the number of prisoners generally confined here. A new one should be erected, large enough for the wants of the county. The allowance per diem for dieting prisoners is fifty cents. The jail expenses last year amounted to $1,826.12. Moultrie. — Visited July 8, 1886. This is one of the most com- fortable jails in the state and is always found to be clean and in good condition. It has seven cells, with room for twenty prisoner's. The light and ventilation cannot be surpassed. There was only one present, a man. Thirty-six persons were committed during the past year. There have been no changes and no escapes since last visit. The ceiling is now being repaired. Painting would be a valuable improvement. The county pays sixty-five cents a day for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $224.20. Ogle. — Visited July 29, 1886. This jail keeps up its reputation for neatness and cleanliness. It has sixteen cells, which will accommo- date sixteen persons. The light and ventilation need no improve- ment. There were three prisoners present ; two men and one boy. The register shows that thirty persons were committed during the year. A new wood furnace has been purchased since last visit. No improvements are needed. Three prisoners made their escape through the door by overpowering the keeper. The rate per diem for diet- ing prisoners is fifty cents. The jail expenses for last year were $1,359.31. Peoria. — Visited October 8, 1886. This jail was found to be in very good condition in every respect. It has forty-eight cells for 177 males and two for females, which will accommodate fifty prisoners comfortably. The light is good in the upper tiers of cellfs, but it is poor in the lower cells ; each cell is well ventilated. There were ■thirteen male prisoners present. Two hundred and forty persons were committed to this jail during the year ending April 1, 1886. No improvements are needed. The sewer works well, unless the jail is crowded, and then, if care is taken, it does not become offen- sive. The county pays forty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were §4,103.60. Peoria Wokk-House. — Visited October 8, 1883. The work-house was found to be in admirable condition. The grounds are neatly Jiept, and the cells and coriidors could not be more tidy and clean. The prison hps fifty cells for males and nine cells for women, afford- ing accommodation for twice that number of prisoners. Three hundred and ninety-four persons were committed during the year ending April 1, 1886. Since last visit, a two-story brick building, 38 X 80 feet, has been erected on the south side of main building. The lower floor is used as a bakery, store-room and laundry ; the upper floor is the female prison, and contains a work-room and nine cells. All the buildings are heated by steam. Nine prisoners ■escaped by violating their parole. For the year 1885 this prison had a daily average of fifty four inmates. The debits were f 16,551,32, and the credits .f 15,988.52, makmg the cost to the city for mainten- ance, $462.80. Perky. — Visited Aj)ril 28, 1886. This jail was found to be clean and neat. It has eight cells for males and one cell for females, with room for sixteen males 'and four females. There were nine prisoners present — seven men and two women. The male prisoners have the appearance of being unusually bright and intelligent, and seem wholly out of place in a jail. One prisoner has spent his leisure in carving a large tree, on the branches of which a large variety of birds of all sizes are found, including the humming-bird, which is in the act of attacking a flower at the base of the tree, to the parrot on the top, with a stick of candy in its mouth. The whole work has been done with a pocket-knife, and shows great patience and skill. Thirty-five persons were committed to this jail during the year, seven of them from Williamson county. Since last report, cots have been placed in each cell ; the beds were formerly placed on the floor. The water-closet in the cell for females needs attention, for it cannot be uf^ed. A new pump is needed for sup- plying the tank and water closets. No escapes since last visit. The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding x^i'isoners. The expenses of the jail last year were $1,556.20. Piatt. — Visited August 25, 1886, The condition of this jail was found to be good. When inspected it had been recently whitewashed. It has six cells for males and one cell for females, which furnish room for fourteen prisoners. The light and ventilation are poor. There were three men, prisoners, present. Sixteen persons were committed to this jail during Ihe past year. There has been no change in construction since last visit, and there have been no escapes. The improvements needed are better light and ventilation. The county pays sixty cents per diem for feeding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $1,161.27. P. C— 12 178 Pike. — Visited August '23, 1886. The jail might be greatly im- proved in regard to neatness and cleanliness. There are ten cells in use, in which twenty-two prisoners may be confined. The light is good, but the ventihition is poor; prisoners complain of the want of fresh air in the cells. There were five prisoners present; all men, one of them insane. The register shows that sixty-eight per- sons were committed, during the year. No change and no escapes, since last visit. The privy-vault is very offensive, and should be promptly attended to. A flue connecting the vault with the jail chimney would improve it greatly, but a sewer to carry off the excrement, properly flushed, would be much better. The county pays thirty-five cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $995.50. Pope. — Visited Mai/ 16, ISSG. This jail is one of the bad ones, and it is a terror to evil-doers. It was found to be in as good order and as clean as such a jail can be made. It has two rooms, one above the other, in which eight prisoners may wait and suffer at one time. It is without light and ventilation, insufferably hot in the summer, and extremely cold in the winter. Three prisoners, two men and one woman, were present. Twenty-one persons were committed during the year. The county authorities would perform an act of humanity by the erection of a decent jail. There have been no escapes. The county allows sixty-tive cents per diem for dieting prisoners. PoLASKi. — Visited Mai/ 3, 1886. Clean and in good condition. It has two rooms ; in the centre of one of which is an iron cage, twelve feet square and eight feet high, with a privy-seat in one corner. The cage is used for male prisoners; the other room is used for debtors and women. The jailor says that he has had seventeen prisoners at one time in this jail, but it was outrage- ously crowded. Its comfortable capacity is about eight. . The light and ventilation are good. There were three men, prisoners, present. Twenty-six were committed, during the year. There have been no improvements and no escapes, since last visit. Forty cents per diem is the allowance for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were !jl.'230 01. Putnam. — Visited June 29, 1887. This gloomy dungeon was found to be in as good condition as can be expected in such a jail. It has one cell or cage, in which four prison-birds may sing at one time. Notliing can be seen -n it without the aid of artificial light, and very little fresh c;ir finds an entrance. There were three prisoners present, all men. Only one person was committed to this jail during the year en ling April 1, 1886, and he only remained three days. There have been no escapes, since last visit. This jail sliould be entirely remodelled or a new jail erected. The allowance for dieting prisoners is sixty-five cents per diem. The jail expenses for the year were $62.55. E\ND iLP'H. — Visited A/)ril 2?, 1886. In bad condition, and it seems to l)e imuossible to keep it in any other way. Every spring, the frost comes out of the wmIIs, and they drip with moisture. This jail has two large cells and four small ones, which have a capacity ITU for sixteen prisoners. If it was constructed with the view of exclud- ing light and ventilation, it is a success, for the light is miserable and the ventilation could not be worse. There were four men, prisoners, present, one of them insane, but not yet tried. The insane man was hand-cufifed. While in his cell, he has tried to beat his brains out against the stone wall, and his head is m a fearful condition. He has tried to drown himself and says that he does not want to live. A stone-lined cell is the worst possible place to put him. Thirty-hve were committed, during the year. 8ince last visit, three prisoners made their escape, by digging under the wall. This old jail is fearfully and wonderfully made, a perfect horror, without one commendable feature. It is apparently strong, but really insecure. The county authorities say that a new jail would be erected, were it not that the county is so much in debt. Last year's expenses for repairs and cleaning jail and for dieting prisoners amounted to $518.14. The allowance for boarding prisoners is forty- live cents a day. Richland. — Visited May 22, 1886. A miserable old jail, and hard to keep clean and in order; but the jailor seems to be doing what he can. There are two cells, in which six prisoners may be con- fined. The light is moderate, and the ventilation fair, but the odor from the privy-vault seems to be gathering strength as the years roll by. There was only one prisoner present, a man. Since last visit there have been two escapes — one through the window, and the other sneaked out behind a visitor. The jailor exhibited two ferocious looking blood-hounds, as appurtenances to the jail. He said that they are sure on the scent, and if a prisoner escapes, and the hounds get on his track, he is as good as recaptured, unless he gets off on the cars. The necessity for a new jail, has long been unquestioned. The walls of this old building are cracked and out of line, and are prevented from falling by iron rods. It is in- secure, and prisoners have to be guarded, at great expense, to pre- vent escape. Economy alone suggests that a new jail be provided. The expense for guarding prisoners, and other jail expenses, amounted to $1,440.95 last year. The allowance for dieting pris- oners is sixty cents a day. Rock Island. — Visited June 23, 1886. In excellent condition in every part ; the floors and cells show the effect of water and muscle. The jail has sixteen cells, with room for thiity-two prisoners. The light and ventilation on the west side are good, but on the east side, which is seldom used, the light is poor and the ventilation bad. There were fifteen prisoners present, — fourteen men and one boy. The boy was in the corridor with the adult prisoners, and had an opportunity to learn many things which he ougiit not to know. The register shows that one hundred and seventy-five per- sons were committed during the year. Since last visit, boiler-plate has been placed upon the walls, and two dining-tables placed in the corridor, which are bolted to the floor. There have been no escapes. No improvements are needed. The allowance for dieting prisoners is fifty cents per diem. The jail expenses last year were $3,182.00. Saltnb. — Visited May 8, 1886. The jail was dirty. The keeper said that "spring cleaning had not commenced yet." This jail has u capacity for four prisoners, but sometimes a much larger number are crowded in. The light is bad, and the ventilation miserable, as were also two men prisoners who were present. Seventeen were committed during the year. The changes since last visit have cost the county nothing, for they have been all for the worse. The logs are rotting, and are densly populated with vermin, and the wails ready to fall. A new jail has been needed for years. There have been no escapes. The county pays seventy-five cents a day for ■dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for last year were $887.39. Savqamon. — Visited August 31, 1886. This jail is not allowed to get dirty. It is as clean as repeated scrubbing can make it. The walls are frequently calcimined in various colors. There are thirty- two cells in the new part, and eight in the old part, which afford room for ninety-nine prisoners. The old part is used only for women and boys. The light and ventilation are good in the new part, but in the old part theve is very little of either. When in- spected, there were thirty- six prisoners present : thirty-four men, one woman and one boy. Three of the men were insane. Six hundred and sixty-seven prisoners were committed during the year; a large portion were United States prisoners. There have been no escapes. No improvements needed, except that the cells in the old jail should be removed. ,The jail expenses last year were $23,842.02. The allowance for dieting prisoners per diem is thirty-one cents. Schuyler. — Visited June 17, 1886. In as good order as possible. Clean and newly whitewashed. It has eight cells, with room for eight prisoners. The light and ventilation in the corridor are rather poor. The cells have very little light, and the ventilation is bad. There was one man, a prisoner, present. Twenty-one persons were committed during the year. No change since last visit, except some repairs. The water-closet arrangements are very imperfect, and the odor difficult to suppress. The county needs a new jail, with modern improvements. Two persons made their escape by tunnelling through the Hoor of the cell and through the wall. The allowance for dieting prisoners is fifty cents a day. The jail expenses last year were $575.03. ^coTT.— Visited June 2, 1886. Clean and in good condition. It has two cells, which are large enough to comfortably accommodate eight prisoners. The light is poor, but the ventilation is good. The jail was empty. Ten persons were committed during the year. There have been no changes. Protection is needed for the jailor; the outer walls and windows are imperfectly guarded. One girl escaped from the outer room. John T. Holler, a prisoner, was lynched in September, 1885, by a mob. The jailor, hearmg that the mob was approacliing to take the prisoner out of jail and lynch him, set him at liberty, hoping that he might escape with his life, hut he was met and shot, within a few feet of the jail-door. The allowance for dieting prisoners is seventy-five cents per diem. The jail expenses last year were $758.95. Since last visit, the county has erected a court-house building at a cost of $37,000. Shelby.— Hsi/^f? Jane 7, 1886. Only moderately clefin. The jailor said that "the jail is somewhat similar to a hog-pen; it is secure, bat caunot be kept clean or comfortable." It lias ten cells, in which fourteen prisoners may be confined. The cells are dark, and have no ventilation. The corridors are light, and have plenty of air. The prison odor is strong. There were three men, prisoners, present. Forty-two were committed during the year. This ];iil needs paint and cleansing generally. To compel any one to remain here, is a punishment not justified by law. A new jail is badly needed. There have been no escapes. The jail expenses last year were $1,695.24. The county pays sixty-five cants a day for dieting prisoners. '^Tk^Ti.—VUitcd June 25, 1886. This vile den was found as clean as can be expected, for such a terror. Nothing can be seen, with- out artificial light, and the ventilation is horrid. It is impossible to understand how any one can pass the night there, and live. Prisoners are kept here temporarily, until they can be sent 1o the Peoria county jail, or while being tried in the circuit court, but that is too long. The jail was empty at the time of the visit. Sixteen persons were committed, during the year. It is fast decay- ing, and it is hoped that it will soon be a thing of the past. The county-seat question having been settled, the authorities expect to erect a new jail next year. There have been no escapes. The county pays sixty-five cents per diem for dieting prisoners, but the jailor says that he can't make anything, even at that price, for the reason that his boarders are so transient. The jail expenses last year were $276.90. St. Clair.— Tl.si/cf/ April 26,*1S86. Since last visit, this county has erected a new jail, fronting on First South street. The building is a two- story brick; it has a frontage of one hundred and ten feet, and is sixty feet in depth. One end is occupied by the janitor of the court-house and his family, and the otber end is the residence of the jailor; the central part is the jail proper and has four rooms; an office, a visitors' room, a store-room and a cell-room for females, also a hall running through the centre. The second story is in one room; it contains sixteen steel cells and sixteen iron cells for men. The prison seems to be complete and secure. The entire building is heated by steam, and the cost was 24,700, in addition to the old material used. It has in all thirty-six cells, with accommodations for seventy-two prisoners. The light and ventilation could not be improved. There were nine men, prisoners, present. The number committed during the year was one hundred and five. The county pays fifty cents a day for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $3,131.14. Stephenson.— T'isif^Y^ August 10, 1886. In first-class condition in every respect. Cleanhness seems to be the rule and practice. This jail has sixteen cells for males and one for females, which furnish room for eighteen prisoners. The light is excellent, and the venti- • lation so good that it cannot be improved. Three men, prisoners, were present. Twenty-two persons were committed during the past 18-2 year. There have been no escapes. No improvements are needed. The allowance for dieting prisoners is sixty-two and a half cents a day. The jail expenses for the year were $799,14. Tazewell. — Visited June 19, 1886. This jail should be torn up by the roots. It is one of the worst in the state. Grand juries have condemned it repeatedly, but seemingly without effect. It is a dark, damp und badly ventilated hole, entirely unfit for its purpose, hard to keep clean ; and the county authorities will not have performed their w'hole duty, until they erect a new one. It has eight cells, in in whif'h sixteen prisoners may be confined. There were none pres- ent. The register shows that forty-six prisoners were committed, during the year. There have been no escapes. The county pays sixty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses for the year were $1,697.88. Union. — Visited May 1, 1886. Clean and newly whitewashed. It has two cells, with capacity for twelve prisoners. There were two men, prisoners, present. Thirty-eight persons were committed, during the year. This jail has two strong features : its security and ths odor from the privy-sewer. It is dark, and without ventilation; the sewer is very offensive, and seems to have always been so ; it needs attention every day, to prevent its choking. There have been no escapes. The rate per diem for boarding prisoners is forty cents. The jail expenses last year wore $474.02. Vermilion, — Visited Jane 11, 1886. This jail is always kept in first- class condition. It was found to be as clean and tidy as care and labor can make it. It has twenty cells for males, one room for women, and one for the insane, the • whole affording accommoda- tions for forty-lour prisoners. The light and ventilation are superior. There were eight prisoners present : seven men and one woman ; one of the prisoners was insane. The register shows that one hundred and twenty-four persons were committed, during the year. Since last visit, new water-closets, with iron floors ti round them, have been constructed, and water from the city water-works introduced. Two escapes were effected, through the opening of the hot-air fur- nace, A grated-door between the office and jail, is needed. Forty cents per diem is allowed for dieting prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $6,728.29. Wabash. — Visited May 21. 1886. This county has no jail. Pris- oners are temporarily kept in the calaboose, and are sent to Ed- wards county. The county had no prisoners, when the Edwards county jail was inspected. The number of persons committed to jail, during the year, was twenty-four. Since last visit, five prisoners escaped from the Edwards county jail, and five from the calaboose; two of them were recaptured. Another prisoner escaped from the train, while on the way to the penitentiary, but was recaptured. The allowance for dieting prisoners per diem, at AHion, is seventy- five cents, and at Mt. Carmel calaboose, it is eighty cents a day. The jail expenses last year were $450.14. Waerbn. — Visited June 22, 1886. Since last visit, the new jail has been completed, and was found to be in excellent order, every- 183 thing new and clean. It has ten cells, which give room for forty- four prisoners. The light and ventilation are all that could be de- sired. There were eight prisoners present, all men, two of them said to be insane. One of the insane is called a chronic case, re- turned from the hospital, and the other is waiting for a place in the hospital. It is stated that a patient from the central hospital, sent from the county, was allowed to visit his home, temporarily, in January, 1885, and that in April, 1885, he shot and killed his mother and sister, and was tried for murder. He gave as his rea- son for killing them, that tliey were Mormons. He was acquitted and sent to the Kankakee hospital. The number of persons com- mitted during the year was forty-two. The jail sewer was found to be too small, and has been enlarged. The cess-pool is also too small, and hlls up in a short time. There is no odor perceptible in the jail. The ventilating- flues operate well. The jail expenses last year were $2,676.22. The rate per diem for dieting prisoners is hfty cents. Washington. — Visited May 13, 1886. Clean and in excellent con- dition. The outside brickwo)k and the woodwork have been painted. The jail has four cells for male prisoners, and one room for women, affording accommodation for nine persons. The light is not as good as it should be, and the ventilation is poor. There was one insane man, held as a prisoner. Only five persons were committed to this jail, during the year. There have been no changes in con- struction, and no escapes, since last visit. Better light and ventila- tion should be provided. Sixty cents a day is paid for dieting pris- oners. The jail expenses last year were $.04.00. Wayne. — Visited Mai/ 20, 1886. This is one of the jails which belong to the dark ages, and ought to be destroyed. It was found to be in as good condition as can be expected in a building of such general worthlessneps. It has two dungeons, in which eight persons may be confined. There is neithev light nor ventilation in the cells. There were no prisoners present. The number committed, during the year, was twenty-six. There has been no change, since last visit, except general decay ; and there have been no escapes. The necessity of a new jail is acknowledged by the county authorities, but they say that the taxes are high, and the county is in debt and unable to afford the e.xpense. Seventy-five cents a day is allowed for boarding prisoners. Last year's jail expenses were $348.03. White,— Visited May 4, 1886, This jail was found to be miserably dirty. It has three cells for men, two for women, and one for boys, in which about twelve prisoners may be confined. The light and ventilation are poor. There were five prisoners present, — one man, two women and two boys. The boys were confined in the men's department, to the grating of which, and also to the windows of the jail, the women had free access. The neighbors and passers-by complain bitterly of the vile and indecent language used by these women. During the inspection, the jailor furnished cigars to the women and toljacco to the boys. The jail itself is a miserable affair, miseraljly kept, and without government. Prisoners are 184 locked up, but they seera to be allowed to do as they please. Fifty- nine persons were committed during; the year. A new jail is needed. There have been no escapes. The jail expenses last year were ^991.60. The allowance for dieting prisoners is sixty cents a day. Whiteside. — Visited Jiilij 28, 1886. This jail is well cared for. It was newly whitewashed, and the floors show the effects of repeated cleansing. It has eight cells, with room for sixteen prisoners, but sometimes a much larger number are locked-in. The number pres- ent, when inspected, was twenty-one, all men. Forty-four persons were committed during the year. The light and ventilation are good. There have been no changes, and no escapes, since last visit. The crowded condition of the prison suggests the necessity of increased accommodations. The allowance for dieting prisoners per diem is forty cents. The jail expenses last year were $1,212.18. Will. — Visited Augiist 2, 1886. This jail is always kept neat and clean. There are nineteen cells, with room for about forty pris- oners. Tiie light and ventilation are good, except in the lower cells. There were six prisoners present, — five men and one woman. The register shows that nmety-three persons were committed during the year. There has been no change in the construction, and no escapes, since last visit. The jailor said that "no improvements are needed, as the jail is about as complete as we can gf^t it." The county pays forty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The jail ex- penses last year were $4,610.13. The county has nearly completed a new court house, which will cost $190,000. Williamson. — Visited May 12, 1886. This county has no jail, and there is no prospect of a new one being erected in the near future. Prisoners are sent to the Perry county jail. The county had no prisoners when visited. Six persons were committed during the year. The jail expenses last year were $1,225.31. The county pays seventy-live cents per diem for the care and board of i)risoners. Winnebago. — Visited Auqust 10, 1886. This jail has been newly painted and is in excellent condition in every respect, and has the appearance of a new jail. It has eighteen cells, which will accomo- date thirty-six prisoners. The light and ventilation are all that could be desired. There were three prisoners present, all men. The register shows that lifty-eight persons were committed during the year. Since last visit, screens have been placed to the windows, the iron-work and walls have been thoroughly painted, and an im- proved water-closet, which forces the matter through the sewer, has been placed in the jail, and proves to be a success. There have been no escapes. No improvements are needed. The jail expenses last year were $766.68. The county pays fifty cents per diem for feeding prisoners. Woodford.— Fisi^er/ June 28, 1886. We regret that we are com- pelled to state that this miserable jail still exists for the punishment of prisoners. The rotten, odorous den has two holes in which eight persons may be tortured. Light refuses to shine, and ventilation is an entire stranger, in this jail. One prisoner, a man, was present, inhaling its execrable odor. Nineteen persons were committed dur- ing the year. Since last visit, a new floor has been placed in the 185 lower cell, and a wooden flue placed over the privy reservoir, which carries off part of the odor. There have heen no escapes. The jail is kept as clean as possible ; the floors show the effects of repeated scrubbing, but no amount of work in this old pen can make it a proper place for the confinement of human beings. When the old fogies who control the affairs of this county shaJl have gone to their final rest, Woodford county may have a new jail. The county pays sixty-five cents a day for boarding prisoners. The jail expenses last year were $624.15. APPENDIX. 189 APPENDIX I. STATISTICAL TABLES. Table I. LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND SUPERINTENDENTS. There are at present, in the State of IlHnois, fifteen public insti- tutions, in actual operation. We give their names, location, and the dates of their respective creation : Name. Location. Cre- ated . Correctiona 1. Penitentiary (Northern) Penitentiary (Southern) lUinois State Keform School Joliet 1827. Chester.. 1877. Pontiac 1867. - I Charitable.^] ';, Illinois Institution for the Edueatation of the Deaf and Dumb . Illinois Ci-'ntral ILisiiital [nv the Insane Illinois Institution for tin- K(kieation of the Blind .Iacld 12; ■o h-{ H sa <1 W e: Ph ri S Sf o ft Ph CO :r><00 OOM^OOOO^OOOO O CC "rlH o 02 P5 IC iO r-t l.'^ 0.00 00 0000 COOOOCIOOOO 100iO>OIM10r-lt»(MO <=>OOOOOgOOO O o" 'Dt? O CO O CO o" «' o" OtSQCOOVtOr- lOCCO (M ^ IM 5-1 r-1 — ( rH r-( oocooooooo oc:^oo»oo^MOiOO 30 oo^^ooc > O O »0 O ^MO I > O « i~ O «■ (M t r* ?M 3C t^ f^ C^ ■.* TJ1 rH CC .t; cS~.1 I'd cs fl S ca « !h ^.C^~, S^§S=2=2^&;Ha 2 Sle 23 P a ^crt O c3 ^ o S S ^ O >.5 lOCit-coo ■^000 050 cn lO (M C. O C^ 'O t>- 1.-5 CO 1— li^ O r.- 5C ».1 . O = O »0 O«50500.*«5CCO:Si-l T— ioc^ioococcoor^i> ^HlCOC5CS^»Cld-*Cl i< o lO i-< : MLOrH MOQioc-. =; = = i-^ OCiOtC-rGCOOOf^iCO CO CC ^ -.C la Cf CC 1-1 ri' >-H o:i— ioi-»no-*.- o 71 rM C" r-i ^T cc oi o c; c> o c; *-." t^r.^iiffi-^i-H?ico c =; o o =■ o £ o o : O lO O O O CO -O J-O jq (M t» to (M -* i-O -T t~ O OJ f— t lO oo ^ o »o :o -r o c: >o CO O O ^ -t -* iO o O CT5 0C> 02 1— I Ol C ^ oJofrHr.^Csf cS_; ■ aa rS S 5* -^-jiS =i '^ S o ^H tc S S'S'S '*'— ^'^ OcsSocSa:o >S 193 » t^ ■* C O • S iffl -< o -o « o cc r-. O -T - "" t- S >o C-) (^ cc »o oc CI o GO lo r^ •* J.'O CC Oi -^ 00 I— I OC r? J f * ^ ^ (M CM 00 r- -»• -^ 00 '« -* I— I Wt O C-1 1-* ^I r» Ol w c^ ^- -^ (71 (M 00 O -^ O O "^ O 00 iO — Ci •— Tl "f w O lit C* 00 t'- -' - 1— ' M »0 O :^ O O ^5 ^H CC ' 1— ' M iO o :^ O O ^O ^H -x^ « v3 e-1 r- lo i-T cc -j: o -^ — (M ff) i-H rl oo^r>-(MOdc. coifto j-^oc'Moor-oor-'^ • f— ' iOt" "too; c^^-1— 'iO!o-^sor>-ior^ ; !-■ o :c 03 o f -T I^ ^ 1—1 m ^ joooooo = =o = ; >ooooo = ; Or^SooooiSo- lO O O 'M O C: O O -M l''5 ^ 1-1 CO M ?] 1— I 1— I .i-i *=JJ (Mooo'j5iooor~coinai t^l* — ^Ci-fX>0OiO0O ■X r^ t» T Cl C-) t^ S5 -1" 00 cJ—io'oti-T rH . I t^ h" O .i-'T' c Table Y.—S)iOicing ainoimts collected from each county in the state. In/ seven state institutions, between the 1st day of October, 1885, and the SOth day of September, 1886. Counties. North'rn Eastern Central South'rn Insane Insane Insane 1 Insane Hospital Hospital Hospital Hospital i ! Deaf and Dumb. Blind. Feeble- Minded Children Total. Adams $438 28 S602 43 $77 91 568 32 $1, 186 94 Alexander «197 55 160 60 197 55 Bond 43 74 3 .52 42 84 135 63 53 85 12 90 20 96 22 08 280 27 Boone $28 91 45 :« Brown 48 25 . 144 96 ■ 112 05 Bureau 280 59 -Calhoun Carroll Tic 06 38 04 54 79 546 29 8 75 62 69 29 87 11 74 *26 55 4 54 12 12 35 65 19 78 5 17 219 06 Cass 66 35 145 00 Champaign •iTihristian 105 50 687 44 122 94 "■■254'66 1 80 47 20 153 27 Clark 19 32 388 38 ■Clay - •Clinton 119 05 144 75 93 02 43 .57 30 49 158 S) 93 02 255 64 ■Coles 123 70 1,762 37 298 94 Cook 945 00 563 75 113 80 412 27 39 45 3.842 24 Crawford 246 27 Cumberland DeKalb 106 50 107 76 .39 79 100 30 117 72 141 97 6 60 32 85 41 85 23 20 44 84 14 75 56 6i 32 29 10 59 .3a3 47 DeWitt. • 128 13 Douglas i 00 120 70 183 80 340 53 DuPa£:e 2:^8 42 Edgar . 321 80 34 25 .304 30 156 83 105 21 13 76 15 30 25 04 12 68 9 52 582 74 Edwards 37 90 28 02 87 45 Effingham 46 65 404 01 Favette 169 51 Ford 2ii 32 68 30 289 14 Franklin 544 65 2i'55 38 12 64 11 582 77 Fulton 204 95 324 76 58 65 44 22 696 69 •Crallatin 21 55 ■Greene 101 90 69 96 185 26 38 31 88 65 325 47 Orundy 1.58 61 Hamilton 269 70 ■■■■262'94 269 70 Hancock 124 45 129 77 80 50 32 87 28 78 396 37 Hardin 202 94 Henderson 39 88 225 81 3 90 24 62 64 50 Henrv 192 93 586 25 16 35 23 71 31 10 11 .%5 111 15 300 96 176 56 461 19 Iroquois 32 W 18 25 65 01 102-02 6 66 798 98 ■Jackson . 391 55 154 05 829 13 Jasper 360 98 Jeft'erson Jersey JoDaviess 190 02 70 42 9 25 33 53 303 22 Johnson Kane 103 41 68 66 13 05 80 02 547 89 81 26 26 20 14 75 305 64 Kankakee 606 .55 Jvendall 13 05 Knox 781 22 266 84 2385 n 35 2.54 63 16 50 36 72 22 23 i 50 6 73 10 36 1,108 63 X.ake khi 85 332 31 385 43 EaSalle 1,067 34 24 64 1.683 42 Iiawrence 30 65 .53 88 Lee i32 47 19 76 182 77 725 92 49 46 34 63 398 01 478 11 6 14 86 98 ' 325 60 Xivingston 3 98 194 19 147 75 152 00 4 55 42 60 6148 35 52 111 26 63 53 29 65 42 52 24 90 792 26 Logan 55 30 107 08 32 51 18 31 131 48 43 06 Zi 00 4 73 13 90 467 51 Macon 2.50 41 Macoupin 72 70 752 28 Madison 287 90 118 35 965 57 Marion 197 20 Marshall 66 86 208 14 219 36 Mason 237 77 Massac 126 20 140 10 McDonougli McHenry 104 70 37 93 299 13 8:^ 48 104 03 97 84 62.35 141 52 22 24 106 43 8 19 22 30 116 60 62 17 9 9h 17 52 164 93 McLean 308 62 77 19 98 60 220 45 41 .35 79 95 1,024 75 Menard 264 19 Mercer 212 61 Monroe 50 45 53 6S 219 49 Montgomery. .. 230 08 292 43 Morgan 63 34 40 15 86 44 176 39 83 90 65 26 60 10 a30 22 Moultrie 48 33 110 72 Ogle 82 56 9 15 27 42 29 13 2 56 312 00 Peoria 283 64 497 as Perxy 132 20 218 66 it*/ Table V — Concluded. Counties. North'rn Insane Hospital Eastern Insane Hospital Central Insane Hospital South'rn Insane Hospital Deaf and Dumb. Blind. Feeble- Minded Children Total. Piatt S206 96 395 94 $206 96 Pike Pope. .: 1102 00 ■""$36 '40 S24 11 $40 35 $28 62 691 02 .% 401 Pulaski Putnam 18 77 20 90 14 55 583 30 ■■"'545'7S» 3 89 17 4(5 39 88 21 76 i4'.55 24 98 7'i8 i7'26 80 41 Randolph 323 55 297 90 12 20 118 89 61 70 363 8$ Richland 445 8!t' Rock Island 218 40 "■"('i34"i6 11 46 110 81 922 27 Saline 4 95 1 95 Bansamon 221 84 86 61 192 89 5 12 1,(;81 23- Sehuvler 20 47 Seott 25 90 ' 56 25 1.54 17 Shelby 127 40 ""447'75 104 01 5 26 23 92 42 48 83 17 49 32 52 83 287 i'>(i Stark • ■"""27i"29 18 17 412 40 74 65 186 16 32 19 15 15 181 25 56 63 70 77 St. Clair Stephenson 83 is 47 20 1,148 .50 492 26 Tazewell 117 80 387 13 Union 114 90 12 15 171 10 72 98 5'86 237 20 Vermilion 496 41 97 48 658 87 W abash 176 90 Warren 236 ii 108 95 240 19 476 33 Washington 161 60 20 45 i 90 117 55 13 58 7 92 300 82 Wavne 117 55 White 27 06 148 08 1,401 30 211 70 20 50 19 05 109 04 182 87 28 25 272 84 Whiteside 208 01 102 08 65 23'85 375 79^ Will 170- 61 27 20 1,782 9^^ Williamson i78 40 412 32 Winnebago 189 58 287 61 242 17 .505 44 Woodferd 162 45 66 96 471 67 I Totals $3,498 61 f 15, 764 46 S«, 1 16 38 $6,429 65 S4.855 73 $2,021 99 «2,502 13 $41. 218 95 ii)8 Table VI. — Showing balances due seven state institutions, and not yet collected, on the SOtIt, day of September, 1886, from each county in the state. Couiilii's. North' rn Eastern Central South' rn Insane i Insane Insane Insane Hosi)ital Hospital Hospital Hospital Deaf and Dumb. Blind. Feeble- Mi nded Childi-en Total. 1230 36 7 52 63 55 6 32 IS 40 74 42 27 10 9 56 38 41 268 77 $221 88 S35 32 68:^46 19 94 12 90 9 80 «6 07 277 38 4 69 8493 63 Alexander 640 58 57 00 1.608 94 Bond. 913 60 158 78 Boone. . . «24 78 44 00 Brown 18 87 79 18 84 74 47 07 Bureau 153 60 Calhoun (8 54 54 66 29 35 201 6(» 17 77 11 15 1% 72 71 24 246 62 42 43 106 65 Cass 54 02 3 40 1 22 30 97 12 31 2 22 126 30 Champaign 501 34 Christian 23 24 io l(i5 75 2:^2 91 94 35 68 20 53 42 Cark 179 12 Clay 42 42 12 00 483 05 Clinton 1 01 '22 81 454 .30 25 47 95 36 Coles .... 56 68 5,940 52 13 24 147 69 Cook 2,150 97 i,343 08 84 56 23 26 20 65 89 05 S 70 94 59 27 49 34 91 9,983 46 Crawford 404 75 200 15 5.55 51 Cumberland 6 95 7 00 123 08 265 27 De Kalb 43 67 .54 84 l.'iS 44 16 20 30 90 7 59 1 OS 16 133 75 De Witt . 23 io 389 75 Douglas 36 36 12 16.35 41 77 DuPage . 67 02 Edgar 92 1(> 20 65 140 ,50 • 213 52 12 85 8 20 14 59 (B 98 6 97 285 39 17 74 1 00 3 59 20 07 28 75 6 51 3 80 8 37 105 95 Edwards . .. 7 86 37 84 40 30 Effingham . 213 00 Eayette . 30 6 60 51 60 306 55 Ford 273 46 293 54 Franklin 202 45 543 24 Fulton 22 43 237 52 2N() 06 Gallatin 79 35 79 a5 Greene 91 18 110 26 61 85 9 80 »^ 81 106 48 15 15 :« 11 162 83 Grundy . 144 07 Hamilton. 182 15 38 70 10 327 .3:? 37 56 87 61 10 70 151 12 Hardin . 98 80 ia3 91 Henderson 28 30 77 89 8 48 .36 78 Henry 96 77 320 09 8 66 4 26 3 05 ii 75 60 24 43 48 53 75 3 25 192 71 Iroquois . ^ 26 51 8 64 20 99 406 84 Jackson . . . 64 50 ,53 80 128 70 81 90 125 28 Jasper . 132 80 Jefferson 10 128 80 Jersey 22 97 40 31 2 27 239 01 191 08 210 67 L54 72 19 75 80 68 16 08 550 94 Jo Daviess 78 83 154 97 Johnson . 163 90 166 17 Kane 269 47 262 40 38 84 24 47 795 a5 Kankakee 229 92 9 74 9 74 Knox 140 67 ii .32 14 5S 102 45 39 57 04 13 ,57 2 61 33 00 2 54 39 23 1 59 1.54 60 JJake . 183 r,2 210 33 492 26 563 57 723 .36 La Salle 878 89 Xawi'ence 74 75 153 55 Lee 66 79 2 01 42 94 298 ()5 36 17 1.54 57 116 91 193 SO 12 47 111 36 Living.stou Logan 18 43 141 61 42 28 168 42 1 70 332 66 26 1)3 17 24 29 03 16 56 27 (10 29 70 55 78 29 92 16 06 20 38 26 .58 21 91 13 12 29 95 5 65 16 01 11 42 37 48 13.59 2 07 23 67 2:^ 73 Macon 230 15 IVfaconpiji 38 57 273 31 161 45 63 70 4(10 09 Marion . 12.5 08 Marshall .30 69 71 42 73 51 Mason 59 67 26 69 243 51 68 15 73 80 McDonough McHenrv 4.3'.3i 124 55 22 90 129 03 47 95 49 31 77 64 6 .52 61 50 4 86 62 23 8 10 367 95 262 30 770 81 77 6:^ ill] 94 43 11 35 41 16 24 .327 80 Menard 28 33 38 32 125 28 Mercer 89 70 Monroe 220 80 30 45 ii'wt 27 09 41 44 88 83 13 42 29 71 75 13 21 87 349 20 Montgomery... Morgan 74 51 235 SO 1.52 92 79 26 465 45 Moultrie 5',> ss Ogle 63 73 ;:;:;;:::; 16 96 13 35 1 17 172 (v! Peoria 121 19 217 77 Perrv ,59 50 82 54 199 Table F/.— Concluded. Counties. North'rn lusane Hospital Eastern Central | South' rn Insane Insane i Insane Hospital Hospital iHosiital Deaf and Dumb. Blind. Feeble- Minded Children Total. Piatt S46 5/ 187 69 $43 10 «12 45 81 00 '""S33'29 S10-' 1" Pike «79 3(. 381 34 Pope .30 15 760 88 30 15 Pulaski 6 65 767 43 Putnam 23 52 49 82 5 .50 61 87 28 95 73 34 Kandolpli 20 69 20 88 216 58 138 20 90 95 9 90 174 29 206 15 Ricliland $32 45 Rook Island $6 4A 134 49 6 18 392 64 423 30 Saline 272 20 151 10 36 03 io Sangamon 136 71 2:^35 2 50 53 73 .57 31 58 96 42 39 8 03 268 86 Schuyler 17 04 7 75 105 73 68 41 Scott Shelbv - .380 99 42 59 423 58 14 49 Stark 7 88 5 81 98 66 82 .59 16 2.58 00 16 50 80 St. Clair 172 89 17 95 178 55 7 11 ' 15 70 20 25 32 13 41 18 15 10 19 30 457 ''1 Stephenson Tar-ewell 87 26 15 203 65 152 87 60 (11 138 94 194 46 72 45 Union i72 05 7 05 83 20 30 95 632 07 Vermilion 259 I't Wabash i 20 83 55 166 .30 Warren 77 90 46 m 26 09 91 71 88 30 W^ashington 77 75 515 85 639 30 41 ,52 241 16 118 11 9 70 87 94 162 15 24 45 14 87 60 .55 101 85 ''OO 07 Wayne 843 65 White 950 97 Whiteside 76 .59 14 31 86 29 Will 269 99 18 92 37 00 5 .30 42 05 13 22 29 04 396 4(! 803 30 Williamson .... 562 10 Winnebago Woodford 43 20 160 87 241 74 61 78 90 82 Convicts 188 19 188 10 Totals «3,642 05 S12.rt88 32 S3, 709 90 S8.078 23 $6,754 16 «772 21 SI, 942 15S37,787 02 1 200 Table VII. — Consolidated Financial Statement fall Junds includedj for the fiscal Hospitals foe the Insane. Item. , Northern. Eaptern. , Central. ; Southern, Appeopkiations. ' Br. Appropriations 1883, undrawn October 1,1884. Appropriations 1885 Cr. Appropriations drawn during year Appropriations lapsed September 3o, 1885 Appropriations undrawn September -30, 1S85. Institutions. Br. Cash on hand Oetober 1,1884 . From state, ordinary From state, special 886,217 .361 228,5.5.5 531 8450,085 22 §176,004 (Wi 589,936 54 707,llH» OO: 3:31,000 00! 234,328 00 ?314.772 89, 81, 1.57, 185 22 $502,064 66 S324,264 54 120,500.57' :«6,5:^6 13i 191,978 19 114,99}> 96 ! 187, .500 00 194,272 32! 62.3,149 09 315,086 471 209,165 58 ?314,772 80 81,1.57,185 22 8.507,064 66 $:tt4,264 54 24, .39* 25' 31,486 74^ 699 lOj 17,272 22 104,500 00: 198.000 00, 118, .500 00 98,500 00 _, ,, 16,000 57! 148,536 13 73,478 19 16,498 9ft From other sources : 12,408 501 8 985 02! 9,6.53 73 10,165 98- sl57,307 32 $387,007 89 8202. :yi ol' 8142,437 16 Indebtedness October 1, paid ! 2,404 17 Expenses present year paid ! 124,185 101 B..rr fund, loaned 4,000 00 Cash on hand September .30, 1885 26, 718 05' 4. 003 21 10, 946 91 353,841 56 183,604 70 104,479 40 29,163 12 18,726 32 Financial Condition. Br. Indebtedness October 1, 1884 Expenses, ordinary, present year , Expenses, special, present year ... 8157,307 32i 8387,007 89, 3202. a31 02 27, 010 85 $142,437 16 2,404 17 1 nil, 085 22| 15,501 53 4,003 21 207,425 18 152,692 16 Cr. E.'cpenses paid as above Indebtedness September .30,1885 SuKPLUs AND Deficit. Br. $128,990 92 126.589 27 2,401 65 S3<>1,]20 55 »128,990 92 I 10,946 91 118,768 31; 109.497 8:^ ■64, S36 39 6, 844 22 8183,604 70 8127,288 96 357. Ui 77 1 8:1, 6lU 70 1 1 15, 420 31 6,275 78 i 11.862 65 8364,120 .551 «18:3,a)4 70: $127,288 96 Cash balance, September 3o, 1885 ! 26, 718 CS' Cash estimates in state treasury ! | 29, 163 12 4,151 03 1^:,726 32 27, 010 85 2,440 55 Cr. Indebtedness. Sept5 44,000 00 5, 278 55 8,63:3 42 5200.000 00 53.482,469 39 103,682 06 819,375 00 (C 111 35! 2/203 76 9.640 511 1,826 24 290,671 07 (i5,137 57 S115 343 31 S-io OAT OS ?«88.1(i8 47 3 00 74,6:32 82 5r62,9S3 02 524,02191! 3:58.257 62 51,278.765 70 1,048 77 18,406 06 110.473 21 40,882 30 53,946 17 'M,m 9i 55,la5 8lj 1,12.5,241 98 4,000 00 3,821 3;^ 75 68 13,5;!2 65 8,986 85 11 00 :3,081 81 131.117 66 5115, »43 31 1 048 77 540,957 98 588,168 it; 3 00 562,93:3 02 124.021 91 558.257 62 51.278,765 70 18.406 06 105,242 76 6 617 77 S3, 388 69 1 (i 1,306 37 7,493 61 1 13,326 45 50,537 68 3,408 49 17.626 80 6,384 11 49,450 28 5. 735 5:3 864, .329 12 282,'840 26 $112 909 30 SJO ss-^ 'At) 574, 635 82 74,635 84 553.946 17 53,946 17 524.010 91 24.010 91 555, 185 81 55. 185 81 51,165,575 44 111 521 98 40,882 30 $1,143,648 04 1,387 32 21,927 40 5112,909 30 3 821 33 S40,882 30 TA (iK 574,635 82 13 .i:w cr, 553.946 17 i 8,986 85 524.010 91 11 00 555.185 81 3.071 SI 45(i 98 51,165,675 44 131,117 6(; 2,646 75i 5,731 16 2.846 ()9 1 18,273 16 $6 468 08 *5 SidC Xil S16.370 :u\ *S.9K(! 85 511 00 53,528 79 i 5149,390 82 i 21.927 40 ] 127.463 42 l,:i87 32 5 080 76 i 1 A sii« Hi, it; :«34 18 408,325' 1,118.09 $185 42 83,059 67 .54,287 80 17,570 22 9.55 73 i.'0,319 80 2,013 57 233,927 040.90 $185 31 00,330 47 39,544 38 10,092 89 83:3 92 7,800 23 2,226 14 1,2.55 49 1,829 09 3,4.53 84 250 .58 6.58 90 005 08 1.040 55 93 00 806 13 12,088 80 31, .568 74 176 49 3,770 02 3,787 05 231,975 635 55 Average cost per capita $172 29 Expenses CL.iSsiPiED. Attendance 39,794 87 Food 34 290 97 Clothing, bedding, etc 7, .305 04 Laundry supplies 5:31 39 Fuel 4,151 04 Light 2,079 02 Water Medicine and medical supplies 903 97 7,482 .59 397 02 279 06 559 41 .581 83 1,285 08 1,260 40 2, 178 90 15,105 82 4 78 01 1,.349 52 4,418 33 .3,4.56 13 0,501 29 983 .57 8.57 SS 917 08 1,151 10 2.52 32 2,325 07 15,957 84 121,232 00 609 93 8,185 68 10,4.38 19 3,705 00 17 75 200 00 :% 01 778 00 3.710 01 1,920 01 Freight and transportation 7,749 90 Postage and telegraphing 475 14 Books and stationery 586 80 Printing and advertising .'.... 442 a5 Music and amusements 3&3 21 Instruments and apparatus 11 00 Household expenses 1,071 00 Furniture 3, 832 32 Building, repairs, etc 8, 116 17 Tools 76 64 Machinery, etc 059 48 Farm, garden, stock and grounds 2, .502 96 Real estate Legal expenses , 30 00 100 00 150 00 100 00 26 .55 436 45 12 05 25 30 Insurance 100 00 Shop expenses 15 14 Bm-ial expenses 27 0(t 38 94 194 00 Expenses not classified 47 70 Total $120, .586 75 $300,117 34 §183,004 7u S116,312 05 *0f this amount S3, 598.16 was expended on account of Burr Income. 203 Conclude4. Institutions for THE— Asylum for Feeble' Minded. Soldier.'*' Oriihans' Plome. (.'liarita- ble Eye and Ear Infirmary. Stale Reform School. Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Deaf and Dumb. Blind. Total. 134,610 35.895 98.34 t:«9 52 16,949 92 6, 456 56 1,767 12 178 27 2,336 32 4.51 72 1.50 00 56 92 782 15 201 90 583 47 162 80 662 02 3 0(1 110 37 2,(112 72 .5,041 88 79 80 2,58 17 l,(k?l 06 ,50 (10 95(. «2 6,045 .50 30 0(1 - 178 !»7 677 92 176 05 390 88 42 05 416 60 10 .53 4(i3 29 1,329 47 3,764 29 51 05 6S(I (U 73; 11 i64 52 2,860 18 188 17 9,881 7(i 2,584 89 :33,997 67 485 51 2, (ll;3 (il 718 (i2 12:5 .50 ■Ml) 34 2 05 488 46 946 45 6, .592 05 222 90 3,;314 82 .50 15 4,652 15 25 07 1.8.52 44 (!8:3 8t 1 7.57 75 7,804 30 45,265 98 20.S,46X 16 ],:3:39 12 18, .573 08 :i4, 177 77 7. .5.52 94 90 13 1 6:^4 09 5,921 27 47 43 948 95 5.04(t 46 (>10 (10 192 79 15 25 23 00 1,305 79 575 00 l(t,218 29 2 00 270 30 573 0(1 898 29 326 61 51 00 ■ l(i2 88 157. 94 19 00 49 88 2, 416 ;30 i7 (JO 42 49 17 00 5 45 1,5:39 45 2 65 4, 078 65 .«111.8(i0 .5:1 SIO, 882 30 *74,().S2 82 r)3,946 17 *24,010 91 S55.185 81' ! $1,148,169 :38 204 Table VIII. — Consolidated Financial Statement {all funds included) for the fiscal Hospitals fok THE Insane. Northern. Eastern. Central. Southern. Appeopkiations. Dr. Appropriations 1885, undrawn October 1, 1885. ' $194,272 32 $62;^. 149 09 $315. 086 47 $209,265 .5& Or. Appropriations drawn during year 114,5.36 48 79. 7;>5 84 362, 874 49 260,274 60 177,677 41 137, 409 06 122,6(;9 94 Appropriations undrawn September 30. 1886.. 86,595 (U Institutions. $194,272 32 $623,149 09 $315,086 47 $2(t9,265.58 Dr. Cash on liand October 1, 1885 26,718 05 100,000 00 14, .536 48 19,916 79 29,163 12 230,000 00 132,874 49 22.726 12 18.726 32: 27,010 85 From state, ordinary 141.000 00 100,000 00 From state, special From otlier sources :«.677 51 22,669 94 1J.98C69 11,524 83 Cr. $161,171 32 $414,763 73 $207,390 42 $161.205 62 Indebtedness October 1, 1885, paid . 2,401 65 1.33.048 42 10,501 00 15,220 25 6 275 78 11.862 65 Expenses present year paid 366,387 84 193,619 89 129.299 82 Burr fund loane(l Cash on hand September 30, 1886 42, 100 11 13.770 53 20,043 15 FiNANCiAi. Condition. «161, 171 32 $414,763 73 $207,390 42 $161,205 62 Br. Indebtedness October!, 1885 2. 401 65 115,021 90 5,568 13 15.715 48 6,275 78 248,621 30 11,862 65 Expenses, ordinary, present vear 15:^, 146 73 111,967 91 Expenses, Burr income, present year Expenses, special, present year 128,946 46 40,473 16 26,273 67 Cr. «138, 706 16 $383,843 54 $19.3,619 89 $1.50,104 23 Expenses paid as above ]a5,450 07 3,256 09 372,663 62 11, 179 92 193,619 89 141,162 47 Indebtedness September 30, 1886. . 8,941 76 • Surplus and Deficit. Dr. Cash balance September 30, 18S6 Cash estimates in state treasury Deficit Septem)>cr 30,1886 $138,706 16 $38:3,843 54 $193,619 89 $150,104 2:3 15, 220 25 1,178 00 42,100 11 228 00 13,770 53 6,795 75 20,043 15 6,044 28 Cr. $16,398 25 $42,328 111 $20,566 28 $26,087 43 Indebtedness September 30, 1886 3.25»; 09 13, 142 16 11.179 92! 31,148 19 1 20,566 28 8,941 76 Surplus September 30, io86 17,145 67 $16,398 25 $42,328 11 $2(1, 566 28 $26,087 43 •205 of the Income and Expenses of eleven State Institutions, classified, year 1886. Institutions for THE— Asylum Soldiers' for Feeble OiTJhans' Charitable Eye and Ear In- firmary. State Reform School. Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Home. Total Deaf and Dumb. Blind. Minded. Home. 1 $1!>4,:«U 4!ti g^;3,000 (X) 116,040 511 39,58107 73.293 98| 23,418 93 8110.875 (Ht 65.000 00 45.875 00 889, 870 14 52,275 79 :37,594 35 8:34.896 55 20,654 15 14.242 40 $150. 168 37 108,:3.3;3 08 41,8:35 29 8200,000 00 63.417 .54 1:36.582 46 82.184.918 01 1,24:5,060 46 941,857 ,55 1:194. :m 49 86:3,0(10 00 1 3,821 :>!i 75 68 8110.875 00 13,532 65 56, 500 00 8.500 00 4,115 33 SS9.870 14 8,986 &5 50, 000 00 2, 275 79 382 72 831,896 55 11 00 IS, 000 00 2,654 15 :3.52 58 81.50. 168 :!7 3,071 81 50,000 00 58, :}:!3 08 10, 247 85 8200,000 00 82.184,918 (11 1:31,117 66 98,000 00; 30,000 00 876,5(»0 00 18,040 511 9,58107 8,741 00 1. 3,895 76 6.3,417 54 121 «0 366, .560 46 93,010 27 $128,602 84 [ S43,.551 51 1,387 32 12:3.422 45 .38.102 03 $82,647 98 '"72," 765' 16 861,645 36 '54,'976'6i 821.017 73| 8121.652 74 '■'2i.'6i7'46J'iii.'id7"94 8(>:3.539 14 ' "6:3,'4i7"54 81,467.188 :59 21,927 40 1,307,158 .55 10 .5(11 00 3,79:3 07 5,449 49 9,882 82 6,675 35 27 10.544 SO i2i 60 127, (iOI 44 8128,602 84 l.:387 32 107,950 59 843,551 51 882, 647 98 861.645 .36 821.017 73 8121, 652 74 863,5.39 14 81,467,188 39 21,927 40 33.583 47 65, 600 72 52.694 22 20.045 05 52,073 74 960,705 6:3 5,568 13 16.817 25 4,5i8 5.5 7, 164 44 2,275 79 2.654 15 59.034 20 92,715 43 396.687 58 f 126, 255 16 124,809 77 1,445 :59 838. 102 02 :38,102 02 872.765 16 72.765 16 854.970 01 54,970 01 822.699 20 21.017 46 1.681 74 8111, 107 94 111.107 94 892.716 43 63,417 54 29.297 89 81.384.888 74 1.329,085 95 55 802 79 ?126,255 16 :!.793 07 1,523 49 838. 102 02 5.449 49 6ti8 64 872,765 16 9.882 82 1.511 13 854,970 01 6,675 35 822,699 20 27 8111,107 94! 892.715 43 10. .544 80 121 60 1.158 10 29.297 89 81.384.88S 74 127. ()01 44 48.405 28 1.68147 1.681 47 85,316 56 1,445 39 86,118 13 811.393 95 86,675 :35 81.681 74 1,681 74 811.702 90 82;>,419 49 $177,688 19 29.297 89 55.802 79 3,871 17 6.ii8 is 11.393 95 6,675.35 11.702 90 121 60| 121.88.-. 40 85,316 56 J6,118 13 811,393 951 *1. 681 741 811,702 90 829,419 49, 8177,688 19 206 Table VIII.— Item. Hospitals fob the Insane. Attendance 8^4, Food* i 2G, (;lothing, bedding, etc :] 12. Laundry supplies 1, Fuel i 11, Light -2. Water Medicine and medical supplies , 1. Freight and transportation (I, Postat;e and telegraphing Pooks and stationery Printing and advertising Music and amusements Instruments and apparatus Household expenses I 1, Furniture 5, Biuldings, repairs, etc i 19, Tools 1 Machinery, etc 1, Farm, garden, stock andgroimds 1, Real estate • Legal expenses Insurance Shop expenses Burial expenses Expenses not classified o:y (12 402 99 7XS 01 ; :)79 98 iar 03; Lit; 83. f 99, 297 49 (if), 400 .5?: 20,845 14, 1, 248 7ti' 23, 720 .32 2,7:38 90 i 018 55 47f; 93 305 09 309 I '2 312 27 t;04 50 j 41 K2 2:31 78 1 080 51;; 204 55 I 90 02 129 13 777 93 50 W 100 7 4,319 54 990 25 43; 1,113 61 9.714 00 3,029 59 i,;«i .5.3! 1,568 681 3,90it 49 525 69 801 22 264 .33 712 31 45:i 49 872 23 4, 2.33 09 20,477 01 228 as 1,286 30 5,367 03 16. 000 00 100 00 19 3R 475 8 17 209 83 119 00 47 77 207 42 87 00 108 42 2,839 91 69 (H> 83 00 26 67 18 00 1,514 i'5 26 75 19 2() 1,160 95 »124,867 84 136, 093 8:«,102 02 39,847 1119.16 *y07 65 131. 51. 143. ?72,765 16 124,496 341,08 $1!»2 33 336. 52. 90. 154,970 01 119 051 326.17 S161 56 344. 126. 133. 322,699 20 42. 842 117.38 S170 77 113. 686. $111,107 94 113,859 311.94 $im 93 324. 112. «92,715 43 «1,.362,961 34 1.858,838 372 86 S289 52 5.092 70 8;188 64 488. 74. 5,040. 2,030. 457. I 962. 1 1,018 325. 170. 478. 106. 9. 201. 162 605. 240. 5. 209. 151. 799. ()63. 436. 1.34. 4. 298. 8, 032 516. 2,416. 2 190. 293 87. 68. 79. 57. i 3. 143 207. 2,283. 1,018 325. 4(8. 605. 799. 436. 1 8,032 1 208 ej c-i r« OT 3C' cc CO -r -^ c) 1-1 1- 3-. r» o lo -J- c a-. ■J CC -T :0 1— O -T lO CC ^ Oi ^ r* r* t>- cs Oi t>- (?i IM i^ « eCO-l I-l r-c cc O M ^ 54 r- ■* O ^ 1 » 'M = ^ .-: Qc c -a- P-. -^ S-. (- r~ -* ^ c» r^. i>- 00 c; (~ o o -T o I- o rs lo ^ 05 'M 1-1 1-1 51 1-1 Cl— I C. S Cl --C r- L- Cl = O ^ = l>Ji— lO r-HlliOr-i r>.r--r>-»noopcooo2«- ■^coccic — 1^' OiMNOlCOCtOOf^-CC ic i-'5 L"^ ^^ c: or f * — - ' r o 1-1 1— •?] rH r: — ■* o oc 3-. o -r CO •=• — O) - >5 ;0 00 00 ^ •^ C55 o ^ o « C-. O 'r> -T O >0 CO O -^ 00 rt 1-101 CO O lO -^ '^ CO C5 1.0 O C. VS 1-; r- CO CO 1— 01 C-. O 1^ (M l» Ce (M -- t» tO'^:o:00^:3».0»;3 oi -J -r oi Cl —11-1 o o c: oi TO I - 1— a-. C-. 00 IM 00 -^ CO (M Ol Ol Ol «o^-wii5oot-iuO>fflecoo or~S(-i— i-ri-i-*;sco 1— 1 Ol 01 — " i-O 1-1 01 « F- ^OI-OOi— iiOiC-*"-" i.Oi-iOOWOI-H-^1— 100 rH ^1 rie4 1(3 « ^ o c; CO t- CO oi CO 01 -- -IP Cl w ^- oi — - '.c 01 oi -.c — (~ CO <- -» y X — S; CO '^ CO X 00 00 iO CI ■Sci~ci ' ~^ci OOOOCiCSOlCOCi-^-liCl •o-r — o— ■-rf'.-rcOi-' 01 01 — 00 ^ T 1-1 CO3C-^f-.0O^---C'D ClCl"— COOCCOCO-gii-iOl •-0 -T r» tS -T 1-1 «0 CO — 1 CO 1-1 1— c f - o lo -r o C". to CO rr ■■o — ' lo •^ 1-0 CO Cl to CO Cl Cl 1-^ •— Cl — f- = 00 to oi — -♦ -I- - 3-. to i~t-.t-c;a-. I " to 3. to i^ r> 01 1 - CO CO CO CO 01 ^1-1 •a "2 •3 -i: — .^ fl .1? o J- S"^q3 1 '^ , 209 Table XL — Duration of Terms and Vacations. 1885. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. — Term of 1884-85 closed on Wednesday, June 10, 1885. Vacation of thirteen weeks and six days. Term of 1885-86 opened on Wednesday, September 16, 1885. Institution for the Blind. — Term of 1884-85 closed on Tuesday, June 2, 1885. Vacation of fifteen weeks. Term of 1885-86 opened on Wednesday, September 16, 1885. Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children. — Term of 1884-85 closed on Tuesday, June 30, 1885. Vacation of nine weeks and five days. Term of 1885-86 opened on Monday, September 7, 1885. Soldiers' Orphans' Home. — Term of 1884-85 closed on Friday, June 26, 1885. Vacation of ten weeks and two days. Term of 1885-86 opened on Monday, September 7, 1885. 1886. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. — Term of 1885-86 closed on Wednesday, June 9, 18;6. Vacation of thirteen weeks and six days. Term of 1886-87 opened on Wednesday, September 15, 1886. Institution for the Blind. — Term of 1885-86 closed on Tuesday, June 1, 1886. Vacation of fifteen weeks. Term of 1886-87 opened on Wednesday, September 15, 1886. Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children. — Term of 1885-86 closed on Wednesday, June 30, 1886. Vacation of eight weeks and six days. Term of 1836-87 opened on Wednesday, September 1, 1836. Soldiers' Orphans Home. — Term of 1885-86 closed on Friday, June 18, 1836. Vacation of eleven weeks and two days. Term of 1886-87 opened on Monday, September 6, 1886. P. C— 14 210 Table XII. — Shoiving number of inmates admitted into ten state institu- tions, from each county in the state, hetiveen the 1st day of October, 1884, and the 'SOth day of September, 1885. Counties. Southern Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. Eastern Insane Hospital. Northern Insane Hospital. OfD s 5' -•CD ce ^ a f 02(0 K9 E Adams 30 2 .5 4 4 13 2 2 4 13 IC 5 2 1 1 ] 2! i 2 3 11 5 2 1 61 Alexander 14 Bond 2 11 Boone 7 Brown 4 10 2 10 Bureau 2 5 31 Calhoun 4 Carroll 4 1 7 Cass ; . 4 i 2 7 9 Champaign 8 4 1 4 1 10 133 8 11 6 2 8 2 4 2 2 6 25 i 3 i i 1 2 Christi an. 5 i 1 5 7 4 2 19 Clark 3 1 11 Clay 2 1 11 Clinton 8 Coles 7 238 2 2 7 9 27 Cook 38 19 1 14 12 1 479 Crawford 12 Cumberland 1 14 DeKalb 5 1 i 1 21 DeWitt 6 21 7 15 DuPage 3 2 3 1 1 g Edgar 9 1 IS Edwards 1 Effingham 5 2 5 1 i 19 2 10 2 1 27 Favette 9 Ford 5 16 Franklin 7 9 Fulton 14 12 1 30 Gallatin Greene 9 5 8 1 2 1 5 3 2 2 24 Grundy 10 Hamilton 3 2 1 7 Hancock 8 1 ■■"i7 15 1 1 11 2 7 1 6 2 29 5 8 Henderson i 1 i 1 1 5 2 8 Henry i 1 8 2 11 2 1 1 i 29 Iroquois 26 Jackson 5 5 4 1 11 Jasper 17 Jefferson 8 Jersey 1 10 1 3 JoDaviess 1 1 1 2 15 Johnson 2 1 7 7 2 11 1 17 5 1 11 8 4 i i 1 1 fl i 4 5 2 14 9 36 1 35 9 7fi 1 1 32 Kankakee 2 46 Kendall 2 fi Knox 13 fif Lake 2 2 1 2 14 LaSalle 9f 1 1 1 i Lee 10 10 22 4 r, 24 32 2 1 2^1 Livingston i 1 3* Logan 6 9 12 2 1 3 2 .SO Macon 1 3 z- Macoupin 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 41 Madison 5 2 1 1 b 3 i 2 i 3 i 4c Marion 4 V Marshall 5 4 4 10 K Mason l.-i Massac 5 2 1 < McDonough 6 2 2() 5 () (i 2 17 McHenry 2 S McLean 8 6 2 2 2 1 1 2 45 Menard 1' Mercer 1( Monroe 1 5 1 1 3 2 Montgomery 4 8 1 8 3 3 19 1 6 7 1 2 i 2 b 1] Morgan 2 4 37 Moultrie 12 Ogle 5 22 Peoria 20 1 31 211 Table XII — Concluded. Counties. Southern Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. Eastern Insane Hospital. Northern Insane Hospital. Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Asylum Feeble- Minded. Eye and Ear Infir- mary. 5? to-, 9-B '^ o Perry . 4 5 9 3 3 1 4 . .. 9 Piatt .. 5 12 1 i 15 Pike 9 1 (J 2 32 Pope 9 Pulaski . 2 3 ■■'19 5 8 Randolph 2 2 19 5 7 5 8 Richland 2 10 i 11 Rock Island 2 i 1 54 Saline 5 Sangamon . 14 5 17 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 .38 Schuyler 2 11 Scott . 1 Shelby 3 6 10 Stark . 1 34 4 11 5 32 2 3 St. Clair 13 4 1 1 3 3 5 1 3 55 Stephenson 3 2 13 3 1 24 Union 5 1 11 2 4 7 1 2 3 1 1 i 3 1 143 45 Wabash i 2 Warren 19 8 1 3 9 25 1 24 4 12 5 6 1 1 8 7 5 ' 6 2 38 Washington 4 5 4 1 ] 2 1 20 Wayne 12 White 10 19 Will 2 2 1 2 36 5 13 Winnebago. . 6 41 Woodford 3 1 11 Totals 97 1.019 290 167 65 39 44 57 504 2,426 212 Tajble XIIL — Showing the number of inmates admitted into ten state institutions, from each county in the state, hetiveen the 1st day of October, 1885, and the SOth day of September, 1886. Counties. i o = - Pi ^ 1 P C 'I — 3 '^-.J t^ iff i^= If o 25 5 4 2 2 11 1 8 8 1 2 2 1 41 1 2 9« Bond ' 7 4 6 3 13 1 5 5| 1 21 1 Carroll 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 i 9 6 1 5' 3 8 15 13 1 11 34 Christian 7 2 1 1 9 Clark 2 1 6 2 • 7 3 9| 2 23 Clav 1 2 15 6 12 1 i 2 1 5 4 7 Coles. 101 1 ii i 140 35 19 :::::: 26 Cook 35 16 10 A'^i 1 1 1 6 1 5 V 1 3f DeKallj .. 5 1 5 2 1 1 6 8 4 1 1 i i 1-1 DeWitt 6 27 1 7 DuPpge 3 2 i 6 Edgar 3 1 8 1 6 3 5 i;- 4 22 5 !!!!." 6 J 2 1 7 2 35 Favette 1 1 1 4 5 b 6 If 8 12 1 19 3^ Gallatin 3 1 4 2 8 6 7 10 15 6 11 8 i i 2 1( 9 3 2 1 f:;:::: J lb Hardin . '. i 14 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 11 Iroctuois 19 2 37 5 1 4 i 1 5 18 2 1 3 1' 1 £i i i 4 9 1 20 5 i 1 2 2 c 4 l! li 4 3 14 7 1 28 5 24 1 7 7 10 8 ] 3 3 1 3 3 Ii 19 1 2 4;- 2- Kendall 1 10 1 3i 3 1( 5 23 1 1 1( LaSalle 1 5 3 i 5 3 6!: I« 9 5 11 2 Livingston . 2 17 9 13 1 ...... 9 9 6 1 1 1 1 6 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 2t Logan . S"! 2 Macoupin 1 1 3 5 2" U 3 2 2 14 2 3 2 3- 1 1 1 2 ! 1 3 3 2 11 ""27 2 2€ 2 i 1 1 1 4 1 i ' 3| -. '1 s 1' 1 McLean 2 2 1 5 2 4 1 ' 1 1 a a 1 1 1 1 . ... 3 2 1 2 2 i '-" 1 3 1 6 2 3 cf- Moultrie Ogle Peoria ( 1 i 1 2 1 14 : 2- If ' 9 3. 3! 213 Tahh XZ/y.— Concluded. Counties. ana Dumb. Southern Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. Eastern Insane Hospital. Northern Insane Hospital. O P 5' tB 5 'D Eye and Ear Infirmary. Soldiers' Orphans' Home. CCS ?-3 o Perry 3 1 6 14 4 2 10 Piatt 4 27 18 Pike 2 2 1 2 31 Pope 2 2 3 5 4 8 Pulaski 2 1 1 1 6 3 ■""io 1 5 Putnam 2 3 6 Kandolph . . . 10 Riehland 1 1 12 i 4 1 6 Roek Island 2 1 32 Saline 2 1 12 Sanggmon 1 25 4 9 4 3 1 2 3 2 38 Sehuyler .. 1 7 Scott 2 3 4 19 Shelby 1 281 1 34 Stark 2 6 2 St. Clair 1 4 8 3 i ii 4 1 10 6 5 33 Stephenson 2 16 12 6 2 2 6 '> 1 1 26 Union .. ! 2 8 3 14 25 1 1 39 Wabash 3 4 6 5 5 14 1 7 9 23 Washington 1 14 2 1 2 1 1 11 White 3 3 3| 2 14; 2 5 1 3 3 15 Whiteside .5 3 13 Will 26 1 1 43 Williamson 12 Winnebnffo . 8 3 5 1 15 Woodford 7 1 16 Totals 122, 361 414 172 73 58 62 128 C86 112 2,178 214 Table XIV. — Showing number of days' hoard given to inmates of ten state institutions, from each county in the state, between the \st day of October, 1884, and the SOth day of September, 1885. Counties . m . P WMtTJ ?3 01 a: en O P c agp- :4'P CD pCDg Oft ^p p' CDg^cT pP- . o -\a CD B 1-! P K ^ i 2-g 1 £ Adams 5,669 92 1,020 750 589 2,519 205 1,257 636 10.779 695 804 523 12,915 ■"6.'546 4,471 2. 349 544 1,072 799 544 272 272 1, 087 544 3,466 1,616 1,008 846 816 511 19.278 1,646 526 784 8:fi 512 12 741 soo 272 816 560 272 l,(i30 524 ' " 428 246 2,038 365 1.095 365 798 "■'636 3 81 4 87 6,950 5,150 ' 'i.'695 ],a56 841 31,146 Alexander Bond 12.772 8.726 Boone 3,489 6,831 Brown 3,022 8.312 2,241 " "3." 840 "5,' 398 i ""618 8,448 4,6.30 5.9.31 4. 838 365 4, 648 3, 627 5,811 Bureau 884 243 13,071 Calhoun 262 507 1,042 523 'i,'039 166 "'246 6,114 262 259 277 ' ' '500 123 ' " '262 515 2,980 Carroll Cass 4,455 864 1,378 2,340 760 ""36.5 1,460 1,460 22, 796 694 "i,"966 730 365 362 469 331 887 1,024 1,042 954 2,507 2.358 1,101 4,400 1,235 954 '5,' 654 'i,'366 1.731 730 318 '"758 456 365 9,945 9,947 Champaign Christian 361 152 50 341 42 636 7,967 427 504 300 226 472 244 299 668 "'398 587 "2,'7i9 37,920 365 '""933 281 ""320 ■ ' ' "512 867 "i,"636 365 ""i49 1,085 1,916 '"'478 471 1,095 37 ""550 365 20.496 10,340 < 'lark 16 156 Clay 8,694 Clinton 9,203 Coles 3.299 128,046 171 218 2,893 1,367 1, 825 1,839 3, 089 13 709 Cook Crawford 83,217 311.357 8, 213 Cumberland DeKalb ' 'ii'j£2 6. 500 15, 460 DeWitt 5,137 ' 4,' 261 "9."i46 1,257 7,a36 5,329 9,303 Douglas DuPage Edgar .... 365 5, 2fi() 8,118 7, 723 14,996 Edwards 2.831 Effingham 633 1,825 1.339 280 1,031 173 683 265 33 11,984 Fayette 9,454 Ford 6,227 10, 174 Franklin 5,908 "2,'i86 6. 445 Fulton 3,946 365 1.627 5,963 9,202 ■■5,'836 764 1,879 365 365 17 2.915 20, 505 Gallatin 3,275 Greene 1,104 1,120 "i,'6i6 272 272 1,375 2,143 749 1,616 1,080 272 560 "3,'i93 1,527 15 '"420 1,324 '"528 335 85 122 362 2.52 " ":« 621 318 578 54 15 9.282 Grundy 7,861 Hamilton 5,609 "2.' 120 ""365 7,236 Hani^ock 1.477 173 7,756 "2" 645 9,794 1,346 52 15,849 Hardin 2.817 Henderson 826 379 163 246 "'259 "'278 522 246 1,455 365 1,4.31 1,116 1,995 365 2,549 ■i.'996 2,414 1.095 7.135 Henry 2,998 15,828 161 119 16, 846 Iroquois 22, 956 Jackson 7,246 4,910 4,667 1,460 13. 166 Jasper 8,683 Jefferson 6,610 Jersey 147 1,353 4,670 1,005 535 '"653 7,934 JoDaviess 5,604 8.983 Johnson 3,284 14 426 244 62 446 2 Montgomery Morgan '2.' 190 17 49 315 609 772 2,483 ""235 11,945 19,583 Moultrie 4,136 Ogle 5,867 11,497 215 Table ZZF.— Concluded. Counti<' K^'^ WkhW W^HC OHg ops: O P fD CB 31 3- 02 ai aj 2 CK 3 ■sp s- O fC ^ >3pS- S.-!=S p;-p^ ^■p '^ p CD ^1 p: CB g ?c CD £, .— P •■" opS -Vp ct) P CD ►-! DCD 5p dHcD PTP » Oco W:2o £p-& 2^ ^ P d: ** S^ S ff CD P I-! g^g ^ D- 52 Peoria Perry Piatt Pike Pope Pulaski Putnam llandolph EicJiland Bock Island . Saline Sangamon... Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson.. Tazewell Union Vermilion Wabash WaiTon Washington . Wayne White Whiteside Will Williamson.. Winnebago.. Woodford.... Total.. 365 1,032 2,' 476 110 264 161 12,648 8.325 800 l&S 11,173 3,661 7,194 1,420 0,340 12, 422 3, 612 3,366 7.819 7, 018 1,095 10, 148 50 5. 862 1,624 2,340 733 16, 140 2,138 1,386 201 138 1,200 1,730 23,180 49 5. 664 3,405 6,144' 5. 663 5,378 5, 545 365 365 2,942 4,257 8,520 3,801 1,754 365 6.825 ■i5,'3i5 6,509 365 3,047 6,91 5.802 4,441 5,549 4,233 1,072 800 844 246 2.606 730 :W4 730 272 810 1,632 2,921 287 259 446 365 '"730 'i.'278 261 262 1,030 492 816 4,832 9541 2.()40 543; 1,073 256 800' 1.026 2,704 544 816 3,162 1,048 520 224 417 163 3,219 365 269 2488 317 1, 200 1,460 2, 559 1,008 2.171 1.616 544 15 1.542 753 524 259 262 508 136 723 3(;5 633 684 1.740 781 758 2.494 1.001 2. 726 68:i 1,271 1, 070 .318 606 3, 140 2.779 1.310 2. 496 1,095 704 155 1.844 270 1,460 1,048 2,911 1.318 7.30 730 4,909 2,810 1,272 126 444 407 136 178 6 365 274 363 284 162 .503 301 317 623 398 298 397 371 28 258 551 443 47: 4' 192.584,408.325 2,3;:5. 927 231,975 134.610 35.895 113, 947, 119, 917 132,931 117,824 1,621,935 3.204 1,493 1.446 305 2.513 1.251 876 652 1.182 1.022 365 1,409 258 4,764 286 693 1,253 1,361 192 365 286 3, 184 47 23, .375 10.763 6,220 14.509 3.120 6.073 2.872 11.. 372 6.763 30,941 1,754 31,827 6,202 6,931 13,986 4,416 30.28-4 13,214 17.559 9,545 26,788 4,800 11,887 11.097 12,905 9,690 10, 698 35. 526 7,367 25.217 13, 695 216 Table XV. — Showing number of days' hoard given to inmates of ten state institutions, from each county iw the state, between the 1st day of October, 1885, and the SOth day of September, 1886. Counties. . p O P p W rji -J, S tfi p ^.PP- S-PCD B ►I P M Pri-P P ,_,Cco P ?5 ft) <^ P >-! ogcD Adams Alexander Bond 10,254 169 1,984 1, 095 1,460 3,918 730 1, 152 1,460 12,876 365 2, KiO 500 17,598 "8^169 4,403 2,633 5.33 810 540 523 280 270 1.08(1 .557 2.423 1,316 1,062 1,358 810 554 21,020 1,856 496 557 1,046 270 1,063 523 270 1,064 1.080 270 1,316 146 1.284 1,569 ■ "i,'.586 270 270 1,620 2, 091 750 1,367 1,268 270 779 "3,' 030 1,011 .558 ■""7(J9 240 1,443 365 1,095 365 1,221 ■"""560 599 350 29 290 51 222 6,304 4,730 """867 1,231 140 40,610 14,256 9,650 Boone 3,()92 7,089 2,3i9 12,368 3,138 5,584 Bureau 890 17,808 262 261 1,268 369 ""777 ""2(ii 31 8,068 261 262 207 634 ""499 ""'"262 624 ""533 io 4,400 Carroll 4, 025 573 1,312 2,314 1,333 162 365 1,443 1,.399 25,322 730 "2,"(')97 6.37 365 675 617 365 1, 051 1,365 1,425 175 1,826 365 366 868 2,405 2.937 2,190 3,338 1,305 1,206 542 3, 645 1,399 1,571 1,645 1,926 261 ""853 68 626 8,653 Cass 4,498 11,600 Champaign. . . 780 29 348 188 191 1.421 9,034 1,024 947 279 183 811 30 67 711 "i'('t4() 22 ""i,"989 37, .514 268 """"788 980 "■■'i55 283 """7.56 317 1,768 365 ""i"095 1, 733 75 271 723 688 """73( 38 """632 1,220 109 230 549 1,241 792 ""365 2,667 1,383 940 22,410 Christian Clark Clay 6,421 ■■■'eis 1.38 9.572 5.470 6, 590 4,934 365 4,. 390 3, 782 ■"4,' 238 11.792 18, 468 9,821 Clinton 10, ,500 Coles 3,910 148,885 300 133 3,097 3,515 2,081 2,190 3, 355 71 1,845 190 ■"■216 52 227 5,515 14,970 Cook Crawford Cumberland .. DeKalb DeWitt - Douglas DuPage 87, 089 "5,' 936 ""shh 5,218 340,942 10,438 7,243 14,833 14.436 8,128 8,383 Edgar 214 8,898 1,793 7,868 5,143 15,711 3.035 EiTingham — Fayette 1, 460 1,268 542 "3^233 934 308 331 289 200 13.428 9.410 Ford .... 7,817 12,475 Franklin 6,686 ■■2,'494 7.737 Fulton Gallatin 5,273 365 3,685 6,0S8 12,724 ■"7," 532 26,862 3,735 Greene '"i,"445 264 296 13, 140 9,348 Hamilton 5,466 "2," 440 64 669 1,555 7, 130 Hancock Hardin 2,218 281 11, 074 "a 707 13,088 1,002 270 754 123 30 344 1,124 208 883 431 92 71 500 498 200 33 1,283 132 733 662 449 479 802 .321 716 20. 190 3,114 Henderson . . . 1,021 334 157 31 251 279 114 548 243 20 1, 432 365 1,282 1,842 2, 190 365 2,818 "2,'05("; 1,504 699 7,286 Henry 5.055 16, 599 199 464 22,058 IroQuois 24,592 Jasper 6,133 3,734 4,985 1 460 '"3," 862 11,702 7,763 Jefferson 7,693 Jersey JoDaviess Johnson Kane "5," 954 '12," 604 ■"3,"477 '"6," 065 15,530 402 3, 059 166 4,733 19,143 730 13,459 8,610 28,282 4, 236 843 1,046 '"""969 366 "i,"(J92 20 1,384 268 7,455 12,549 5.425 24, 468 Kankakee .... Kendall ii'-iii 365 365 22,893 4,835 Knox Lake 1,063 1,063 4,982 540 540 1,333 1,901 2,295 3,189 3,788 1,107 517 270 '""524 581 ■"■"54i ""24.5 1,406 269 ""260 1,165 730 365 1, 407 1,.332 752 4,341 2,091 1,214 2,115 i,82r. 365 1,.308 934 366 730 3,957 1,855 724 73( 365 1.375 288 1,601 "3,'43i 869 670 380 2,443 2,916 2.791 31,331 18,365 LaSalle Lawrence .... 37 "3," 800 54,732 7,263 Lee 5,936 329 4,728 17,594 2,600 2,920 7,843 12.775 1.55S 14, 020 Livingston .. . Logan 264 9,054 8,451 11,547 750 '"'"265 ■i4,"988 5,183 ' "5 -gse 65 24,3.39 22,779 Macon Macoupin 20, 181 27,706 34,685 2,187 1,090 1,037 1,651 i 1,500 ■"5,"645 975 1,163 465 34 127 ""iie 314 291 6 53 649 ■""'708 868 1,145 365 1,715 185 365 12,972 Marshall Mason Massac 1,460 1,306 4,675 6, 470 8,141 12, 486 9,389 McDonough . . McHenry McLean Menard Mercer ""6,' 985 365 2,713 1,729 9,479 2,5.55 2, 041 1.213 1,141 2,55( 433 6,879 ■i7,'i58 4,635 4,988 ■"9' 95(1 13.261 2,717 ' '3; 47b 1,0S0 ' "22i 776 11 1.5.435 10,43a 42,8(i2 11,302 9,334 6,193 2K ■■3;48S 1,637 2, 243 3,755 827 262 250 1,494 262 10,035 Montgomery . Morgan Moultrie "2," 608 704 174 64 91 585 l,(i21 14,9.30 26,717 u, 090 217 Table ZF.— Concluded. Counties.' OP§ ai CB !4. S-P CD Eastern Insane Hospital. Southei-n Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. In titiition for the Deaf and Dumb. tinstitution for the Bhnd. Asylum for Feeble- Minded. Crji ill CD P ■-! • CO tc_ Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. ogcD E Ogle 5,702 3.111 1,460 1.620 3,95-1 1,0.53 799 i,a3;^ 367 ■"■■229 1,101 2,505 730 596 1,282 614 1,707 1,688 635 706 56 381 344 ;«2 1.180 ""'235 730 2,201 "i'fis "i.'23o 13,626 25, 897 Peoria 13,726 4.909 365 56 3, 505 5,194 " '8,'549 4,90U ■"i,'930 365 "5,' 946 'i5,'768 Perry 8,712 8,371 21.481 3.796 7 042 Piatt . 4,796 12,;594 Pike Pope 3, 766 Pulaski 270 48 551 84S 13,749 "2,'32i ■i2.'974 "■".362 843 1,693 1.577 17 223 ""2M 507 431 ""m "i'jm Putnam 1,748 ""iio 2,944 276 2,742 4,612 Randolph Richland 365 43 901 97 239 173 "i,'388 224 1,123 90O 365 696 "i,'.3i2 365 1,301 1.38 6,047 250 602 "i,'i66 1,788 726 609 5a3 3,145 307 11,211 7,855 36,141 2 527 Rock Is and.. Saline 365 Sangamon., r. Schiiyler 9, 109 1,665 .390 i7,92( 4,886 4,7.36 2,978 590 287 442 262 1,012 3,514 .365 365 2,419 365 1,323 1,460 2, .549 1,026 2,608 38,436 8,668 Scolt 2,165 1,997 1,095 1,.564 100 1,810 1, 629 1,292 1,304 2,193 881 1,073 704 "3,' 804 "2,"388 1,345 i63 1, 083 93 486 614 ""556 '"447 819 3 86 367 920 449 178 298 9,483 12 141 Shelby Stark 123 11,785 2,017 4,204 1,549 19, 130 1,749 1,128 810 3,930 l,a30 1,376 540 1,061 """54.5 1, 046 2,464 686 793 2,412 1 1,.316 540 '"i,'046 601 ""262 540 372 4 142 St. Clair 37 889 Stephenson .. 8,006 14 .365 Tazewell Union 7,505 "6," 654 365 3,451 "5,' 896 5,695 4,812 19,359 11 798 Vermilion .... Wabash 31,5S3 5,377 16, 849 Warren 6,570 2,5.30 365 1,019 2,8.38 26,436 6.492 Washington. . Wavne White 26i 1,.320 720 ""524 261 262 639 730 658 365 365 2,239 1,095 1,224 2,667 12, 163 13,039 10,180 11,994 38,040 9,222 25 714 Whiteside .... Will 6.905 1,095 Williamson... 6,880 Winnebago. .. Woodford 8,840 8.361 4,137 6,692 16,625 Totals 194, 483 536,749 312, 383' 2:39, 035 136,093 39,817 124,496 119,051 42, 842 11.3,859 1,858,838 218 Table XVI. — Showing number of inmates actually present on the SOth day of September, 1885, in ten state institutions, from each county in the state. Counties. Eastern Insane Hospital. Northern Insane Hospital. Wmo 1=05 pfCP M CO m • P i'po -; p * W p' p. Oco B £ S' CD 3 ■-! Reform School. g Adams 29 38 ""21 12 9 2 3 2 2 1 1 4 2 9 5 4 5 3 2 77 7 1 2 4 2 3 5 1 3 1 4 2 i 18 13 105 Alexander 38 Bond 5 4 4 11 2 3 4 30 1 4 1 28 Boone 9 1 3 5 2 20 Brown 6 27 8 17 Bureau 2 1 44 Calhoun i 1 4 2 4 ""28 1 1 2 12 Carroll. .. 13 2 3 7 4 i 4 4 70 2 6 2 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 3 7 7 6 11 4 3 ""u 4 5 2 1 1 27 Cass 11 31 Champaign 2 1 58 Christian . . 16 i 2 24 13 17 15 1 12 10 34 Clark ■■■ i 2 25 2 3 1 3 2 1 8 95 1 3 3 49 Clay ?.(i Clinton 28 Coles io 397 o 2 10 7 5 (i 9 41 Cook 229 936 Crawford 27 Cumberland 21 DeKalb 17 44 DeWitt 16 ■"i2 36 Douglas... 1 Iti 23 DuPage 1 4 2 1 3 3 1 6 2 1 24 Edgar 26 3 20 17 2 1 i 2 46 Edwards... 7 Effingham 5 6 4 h 1 5 39 Fayette 29 Eord 18 33 Franklin . 14 6 15 Fulton 14 1 9 18 29 '""i9 3 5 1 1 9 4 1 70 Gallatin 9 Greene ... 5 6 5 1 1 6 6 3 5 4 1 3 ""i2 3 1 35 Grundy 1 25 Hamilton 14 7 i 2 6 3 5 19 Hancock . . 1 26 (i 27 3 5 57 Hardin . 9 Henderson 1 1 i 2 2 6 1 4 4 6 1 9 1 1 3 1 2 i 19 Henry 15 45 1 1 55 Iroquois 7 3 2 1 1 2 67 19 11 12 4 38 Jasper 22 Jefferson ... 21 Jersey 1 7 11 2 2 20 JoDaviess . 15 3 32 Johnson 10 1 i 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 i 6 6 1 15 33 12 .50 2 38 22 72 3 1 5 1 66 Kankakee ""30 1 1 64 Kendall . IS Knox 4 4 It •; 5 7 8 9 14 2 i 1 € 2 '2 i 4 1 i 3 2 1 4 4 2 11 5 4 5 5 1 3 2 1 2 10 4 2 2 1 3 5 2 85 Lake 17 40 49 LaSalle . . . 10 4 2 2 6 9 9 3 5 1 2 j i 150 8 23 Lee 17 1 12 43 8 8 22 as 4 4 4 39 63 Logan 19 20 29 2 ""i2 14 4 ""4(' 13 "'io i as Macon .5.'^ Macoupin 77 Madison 95 Marion 9 3 3() Marshall 1* Mason 3 6 6 ""i7 3 3 i 1 2 1 2 4 1 7 i 28 Massac 26 McDonough McHenry ■""i9 1 6 4 28 7 b 3 3 8 1 8 14 ""36 11 13 ""22 26 1 K 42 28 McLean 13 4 3 117 Menard 30 Mercer 25 Monroe 16 1 ^^ 6 8 14 3 6 1 1 o 1 i 1 2J Montgomery Morgan 7 1 i 2 6 ^ 39 66 Moultrie ll 15 Ogle 13 3 33 219 Table AT/.— Concluded. Counties. o s o S-'IS CD P CD 2 ^ p S p' pi Soldiers' Oi-phans' Home. Feeble- Minded Children, gWCD CD II 1^ Peoria 4 36 ■■"14 1 1 9 14 ■'21 13 5 1 13 3 2 5 7 2 2 2 3 6 2 3 i 2 8 6 71 Perry 26 Piatt 11 26 20 Pike 11 63 Pope 9 Pulaski I 4 19 Putnam 5 1 3 6 5 6 12 Randolph 2 i 2 o 1 1 1 31 Richland 2 4 2 10 24 Rock Island 1 35 33 3 6 99 Saline 5 Sansamon '. 27 5 41 12 8 11 2 1 1 4 10 1 1 7 1 3 4 8 3 8 8 1 6 3 1 1 106 Schuyler 24 Scott 4 6 3 4 18 Shelby 16 30 Stark . 1 31 5 6 3 14 5 5 2 4 2 4 9 3 8 4 2 i 1 1 14 St. Clair —42 3 1 5 101 Stephenson 23 1 5; 2 41 Tazewell 10 17 52 Union 5....:: 50 17 1 9 28 Vermilion 4 1 4 7! J 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 13; 2 3 i i Ig 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 9 1 87 Wabash 15 18 8 1 5 9 G8 16 46 Washington 16 17 11 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 • 2 1 1 1 7 3 3 8 36 Wayne 40 White 26 Whiteside 19 3 34 Will 104 17 25 Winnebago Woodford 27 23 11 78 16 44 Totals 523 1.428 716 637 488 131 336 344 113 324 5,040 '220 Table XVII. — Showing number of inmates actually present on the 30f/i day of September, 1886. in ten state institutions, froin each county in the state. Counties. CDg 01 cc 3- « P S^ rtO CD p 05 i-i op p to ai S •3 ffi rt- pa>g Central Insane Hospital. ^ CO hCMO Ode ■asp' p CD ►-; B " CD 5" ISoldiers' Orphans' Home. Feeble- Minded Children. M P HCD i-i CO CBS) a> ^0 g Adams 28 1 6 3 4 9 2 3 4 42 1 ti 2 62 ""'22 13 I 3 2 1 1 1 3 4 9 3 4 5 3 3 75 5 1 'i 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 4 3 h 1 1 6 7 2 6 4 1 2 4 2 3 3 1 2 1 15 13 114 Alexander 40 Bond 3 1 27 Boone 11 1 1 1 3 18 Brown 30 9 "•" 16 Bureau. 5 46 Calhoun 1 1 4 3 i """"36 1 1 1 1 i i 2 2 13 Carroll 11 1 3 7 6 i 4 4 76 2 5 1 1 3 2 1 2 4 4 1 5 1 1 2 7 11 6 9 3 4 2 10 5 3 5 8 2 23 Cass 15 37 Champaign 2 2 73 Christian 16 2 """"27 13 17 15 1 11 10 ■■-•J2 31 Clark 2 4 55 Clav 26 Clinton 29 Coles n 414 i 6 21 3 2 2 2 6 104 i 1 47 Cook Crawford 241 978 28 Cumberland 17 DeKalb DeWitt 18 9 11 6 (■) 10 1 6 1 17 43 43 Douglas DuPage . . 1 12 23 22 1 25 5 22 12 3 1 46 Edwards 8 EfBngham 2 3 4 ■■■"13 2 35 Fayette 24 Ford 22 i 2 2 1 5 1 3 4 38 Prauklin 18 22 Fulton 15 1 11 17 38 '""20 SF Gallatin 11 Greene 6 3 1 3f Gi'undv W Hamilton 13 6 4 4 % Hancock 5 33 2 3 1 5? Hardin . . . 7 Henderson 9 6 1 i 1 2 1 1 1 3 5 6 1 8 25 Henry 13 51 38 61 Iroquois G 2 2 2 1 4 1 4 2 19 Jackson 14 9 14 4 3( Jasper ?i Jefferson 22 Jersey 2 9 2 12 53 2 35 24 77 14 3 3 2r JoDaviess \. 18 3? Johnson 9 2 6 1 1 2 2 3 16 Kane 37 12 4 2 5 3 1 76 Kankakee ■■"34 1 1 66 Kendall 9 12 Knox 3 3 20 2 1 4 8 6 9 13 7 1 1 2 3 6 2 i 4 2 1 5 4 3 13 6 4 6 7 1 3 3 1 2 10 6 2 1 3 1 5 4 ] 1 5 2 i 8 1 3 82 Lake 14 47 4^ LaSalle . 9 C 2 2 5 6 10 6 1 1 2 1 2 1 16^ Lawrence 10 9A Lee 17 16 43 7 8 20 34 7 4 3 42 Livingston 2 32 35 2 ""■"13 20 ■"■■42 17 ■■■■ie 67 Logan 67 Macon 54 Macoupin 85 Madison ... . % Marion 6 2 5 3 5 ■■""ifi 5 2 8 1 1 i 1 2 i 2 1 1 4 2 1 51 Marshall 22 Mason 3r Massac 9A McDonough McHenry '"'"ie 1 9 5 24 7 5 4 3 7 2 8 22 11 49 25 McLean Menard 53 15 14 "■"'30 35 11 4 3 1 123 40 Mercer 'M Monroe 19 8 7 9 13 4 6 1 1 5 1 1 K- Montgomery Morgan 8 6 2 1 2 3 47 74 Moultrie 22 Ogle 15 3 2 42 221 Table XFIL— Concluded. Counties. O D O CO CC ■-! O C p 03 en 03 ^•3 2 pa.g Southern Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. ?Pb C 3 fD 5" Eye and Ear Infirmary. Soldiers" Orphans' Home. 5?^ §"1 ^3 Peoria 4 42 ...... 1 9 12 ■■"23 12 6 1 '""is ""40 14 5 3 4 9 2 2 4 5 i 3 2 1 1 2 2 6 4 2 81 Perry 24 Piatt 15 41 24 Pike 10 66 Pope 13 Pulaski 1 3 6 5 • 7 1 1 17 Putnam 11 8 2 3 '.'.'.'.'.'. 39 30 1 i 1 2 5 18 Randolph 1 34 Richland 21 Rock Island 1 5 8 2 9 2 1 3 4 2 2 1 2 102 Saline . .... 12 Sangamon 241 47 4 14 2 14 13 I 3 12 111 Schuyler. 1 2 1 1 7 1 4 4 6 3 6 28 Scott 7 4 3 8 6 5 5 4 7 1 3 1 ""'ii 5 3 3 11 32 Shelby 39 Stark 5 3 16 4 8 2 3 3 2 i 3 12 St. Clair 35 6 13 4 56 6 i 2 2 2 7 1 1 2 14 120 Stephenson 21 1 40 Tazewell. 26 62 15 1 9 ■""i6 19 14 32 Vermilion 90 Wabash 13 Warren ... is 8 1 2 8 82 21 3 2 11 5 2 8 1 3 2 1 1 i 1 1 2 1 4 7 3 2 2 8 51 1 6 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 7 3 4 8 31 Wayne 46 White 35 Whiteside 21 3 36 Will 116 Williamson 18 27 Woodford 25 26 72 14 . IS 47 i Total 539 1..S15 926! 634 500 155 363 360 130 298 6,426 222 CD 00 o CO 00 00 ^ '^ ^ 1^ CO s g 2 tH cS 3 g C O 1S5 -1- eg a fl tc tn S2-2 in V. m o3 fl O tj CO on 5— '00O00iM00i-((Mr>-t--i-l •^lOCOOOi— ■-*i— (-JSCCsl-*!— l--)<.-IO i—co'odo-^i-'od-^i-ico'di-i'r-'iJ^i'ri ■* <>) m -* ^- ri t» r» -^ LO o eo 'd r-i o to O C-J CO i-H t^ 115 ^O:0t>-r^-^0000Ot^0iC000C^"rp r»"^-^rH(Mr^iOCOr- If— 'OOi—iaii— ( iOCCrH-r)^toOT^•g<0!-'IO?^« XOOO T-ll-H tDoOTiO~c>aim'Tt^cjo-*Oi 00(MCCOlOCCi— ict-ccooi- — >C5CO e-i e^cq c- oc C-. ccfMOrH -^co-* :X)GC"^or^:coo^'^0"^-^^oc C5-^i-HC4"^-:rCO«OrHCOrHt>lOOO?J '^OltMCc'oO CiOO(Mi^rHOii5iOr-i OC'OO lOi— I l-< O CC OOO^C". OOOSi— 'COOliOUiOOmcO 1— Ir-OlClOi-lOOi— 11— iJt50CC(MiClC odcic:'o;cccoc-Mo--OMi— iici— icool t^io-^oC'iooo-s-Oicqi-itor-oxxxM C01«00^«OOOCO»01COCi— (I— ll^^r Clf~-*T-|-Or r«^I— 'COCjC; -^050 nooic-— i-j-M'-.ccnoocooirac-. loxi I— 1-^1— ll>-0000OlCOf— IO^COt>-OOr C -*t-l rt -t^«50-^lOOOO o w o) t>. i^ >o oC' CI (M o » T 50 a> 00 lOcii-i-toodiM'i— 'i-ioii—\coc)r--i-i r»;Or-l rH CO -* CO fT-1 a: ?< n* UjiStD t-^2 O.S d C «H 3^ fciS i' O (3 !>. 223 o 00 00 o CO Co o 00 00 ^ i' '^ i^ CO X P3 Eh 2 §"5 c30 2 i^ C ai I— (ewQI— I — cc aj O^H -grip. « tc aj G gj C3 cS fl O ti aj tc O C O CO -» oo cQ !c o 00 ■^' csj -^ rt iri Oi as 1— i X :0 f-^ CC' ^H Ci C-I CO 04-oo;OT— -cO'*irt050^»^aii-Hoo l^OOCO^Jr-iiO-^OliOCO-Ht— t^ oi i^i c; i>i^ f^ CO ?j CO ci ?j o oi ci >o OOOOJ (M CO -^ -^ LO^fJC-lOCOOSlOOiOOOS-J-ONr-l a"--Tfco:oc^co^ooc^r>-c^toooo OOio'c^'cOOC — t^Oi-l= o't— H~rH OV cooor^iooinc~. r»coto — — c-i'v^ (-■»—. COCt^iNCli-iOOCiCCOiO-* CO --c' CO <0 OJ O 1^' » iq -f O r^ iC OS CO •^ f^ I— I io 00 "o CO CO(Mi-l»K10"I(M-*0553WOOt~000 ooofNoooooco-^oaof^iocqcsoo r- r~- o 00 i-o lo o id CO i; o o --o jo -*' CO?!' OCOi-H 10i-! O — -<»• 0> o 00 CO r: ~ 00 CO c] t^ CO o ur — uo lO -a- CO (^j ->i>' t--^ C5 ^ a: ^ o i-( o «o' as e! CO f ~ = o ci »-^ irj -r o !>]' i— i co i-h i^Oi-i^^CI 01 GC I— ICO oy:cJCO-*t^r^cor»r-oioo>ooDCi t-tc-Tr»-*ooaitoot~tOi-Of-^t-^oc'oo5cd-rcd«r--^o>Oi-I tooooo«_ . r- 00 C r-i ?] o >o C: c o; c^ 00 00 ■^ - ■: 01 1— I -r r- CO c -5"0^-r01C-. r»00COf^^C0t^«Or t»— *r^^i-H^ca^»^»ocoaio^ — ^^h ClO^i-OiOiOiOCOw^ t'-iCC^OOOOOO 1.0 ■* r- f~ t^ o i-< <>] 1-1 coi I— CO C =0 r-c cioa r-l . 224 CD OD O CO Co 00 00 •^ 1^ ?^ ^ u ':5i CO X X m ^ E '-' 4) cS d CC L4 C^ p ^ -X CO . d o -?MH C cc tc OWpH S OS's ^ ''^ xn c3 C O o fi o 12; '-'W -T-rClOOOOCCCOOOO-^CC-^CJC^tO 00 JO 00 00 O 31 Ci 'y ■^ 'J' (?1 O to f» CC IS t^ C-J 1— 1 1-1 tC i-H .-. i-O C-l I— i'J5 O C2>.-O500C<5000C-S"^MCi;C00C5^ OOCOOCO'OOJKCT-. t~-^OCOQOa-. 1-1 coo; co' l.f' t^ O SI r^ooio^^ic O 1-1 i-<« 1— ic-i— t^lO — ClOC-1 coooVit^io-^oiocirjcCi— -oo— "Mocto-^t^-**oo ?icc-to-*c-U0^^^^C00t- or.' 1— I 00 ^ i-O to o (M CO 35 » o ■>] to CO ■* o -a- h: oc i-i la -f' oi ;q' -5COC ■ ■- -- — - 05 CO M OJ "M rH cor^o^tM-^oxeocicocoto — c Ti— OCO— f^'^L0C03C^J3itOtOC c r^l-o»-ocooc^*o oc-^coi-or-'^i^c " rt tM 1— I CO f- ^^tO 1—1 xr^^r-^toioi— 'Ooiotor^ooco c; — lOOT-oooiai^^-^iocociio oio oi ^^ tr OC' !>• »A lO r* (M t>- »-0 lO StOt--^t^lOC5t>-IM — CO"5-* — 31 OOl-Ot-.C^lO^i-li-KMCCOO— ^lOr^tO ^^'^occ^icccs-'rcofrsi'fMcooioc-toco t~tOi— l(Mr- icq to O rlOO o 3 =3 ~ C 3 C— p OJOPCSO -So rd -^^ CS ■ . M^ CC .^ 'SH^ ® S^ Mo 3 3 c3^ 2 Sl-p ««:! Mi- pqg>-D5p!HpHOm:JWOHOajcc 35 l"^ 1"- to CO O 001^10 — 01 CO 35 CO 00 JO O r- o to CO to oq coi 00 110 00 00 r-^ 1- UO CO IM to t- CO OJ f- 00 t~ 00 ^ CO 00 3: t^i^ 1-i 1^ 1.0 lO ^- t- CO 1— I r» (M CO to 00 r- CJ lO r- CO 3: i-O t>-^ CO ■^ to 1—1 X CO 00 tOOiOOOi— ICO r Ol 1-1 3! = to (M 00 lO r CI Oq 1-0 3-. CO r CO CO O 01 O r CO 1-1 rH to to i-O (M — » UO lO 00 cq CO i-o 00 -"J" 35IM0.1 QO 35 00 O -^ OO l-O to uo CO r-^ -9" to oqi— KNCoco CO 1-1 1-1 3-. CO to -- l-O t^ w -M o t^ r^ L CTiOqi^rHCs cct-t^o^N I— t~ PhOHo 22o s , ^ »o CD 00 rH ,^ o ^ CO TO t i;,! S -o J~ ?: ^ ». Bh Sep P O S o 5 X X .J n P. C.-15 W .q £S6 la O C! j3 Si a cs cS = •^ r-H pH (M rH -I< r-rt r-< c:: I— t »-i t* 00 r* 00 '-^ o o r^ 'M ■M f - lo ji (N 55 -H a; • -J WM 05 CC C-. o 00 oo; o ^ M o "O L- CO >— r- r- o -«• -i -r -T •-■ Ti -^ -r r- vo l.-'Mo--s»ra-roooor-t>.— ; >-H>-'MC500CO00CO05'-C-*Ol- t>» :c rH Hf eq « 05 f- Ol N r*-^ O^rH t~ c; » --o o -p -O I— C-J r- ^ lO rH o^ Ol t>- 00 ■* 51 rH K O) rH H). CO . 51 -1- ■s CO S o «S is O s - y. .^z: o 2-26 00 !S CO o a 00 o 00 c & i^ ^ X .XI — =4 i^ ©5 - coo Ss= Sal ^ © ce 5 c o $'-'1x1 S :c tc 0-* C c r^ o a Cfi CE cC ^ a o S3 c.-t; SCO (~ cc Jt c. C-. c c: ■» oc -r ti -r -i 'X (M O (M -* IM t^ 0-. M -* M ^ 00. ini.-5ooe-i -O to?;t--rt>.cC"— ioo>— toto-*io o to c. .— - S O IJ CIt CO CO to ■V m M CO -T ^ -(M'M-*^i-iM t^tOi-(r-<.-l ^ IM r-l O 1— n —I -o ■ tn to>-• T-1 O to to (M -* 227 o =: sh ^ ^~ K o O S S5 WOW O-r" QJ S o ^ 3 X 1- a -3 a t, _. _. CO Jabgj,;^^ ^=r M« ' — ^."~'f^_■r■ QQQOQQQQPQQQQQQQQQ JQQQQ r ,5 ?: =^ JV ■^-^ 5=2 bjc 5" i^i .• ?2 .•....,. g .-.• j^ ^ ^- jj ^ j_- j^- ^• QQQQQQI^QQQQapgpQQ I ^ fl i:-3 O ; ^ ii3 2c~ ^ 3a5 o-r o~ -i .rt :,' ':SJt; N 3 C "S-t^'? ■^ 5 5- ^o; '^i^ Si-i?^3?^Kv '. ■ ?^^ S <« S Sk,- '3 ^r^^WOw?^^ ^ ^ c5>:^cxg ; ;^ ^ S ►-; fi tri ^-5_J>-JJ ■■rB :-« ■:;:: . «^ a-. : ^ ^ -« tn S ^ -^Q"^;^^ H 1) %-_o ego a s*^ c ( S o S 3 o'S:: -o d :s ; o 2j i cex; ■i~^ ~.J^ >■■!:■■ :3ce _ S fl ■^,2 r -i a) > •£' . O >> 3 :>G £P/2 ■ 1J CJ ,-- '-^ 22c cJcS 03« :■:!?= -Si? f^'o_| ; :g2S = 2° - • • ■ tn 5- • ■ • Sh « • - t-. t- t. : ::;•;':::: ^5 ::;::: c "::: s •:;=:•:•:*;•■::■■ i: : ;■:::::::.::.:.: :x: ::: :c • : . . i : .ra c • C c M S "'fl-c! '^ 2l9 P^-Sj^St^^iH . h:S^S ^^•" . W^ s '- oj . • . ■ : i--^,' ■ is : : 's sa 2M -^^ ^ 1^ X 00 'O S; >« O ^ ^"^ "^ *» s o -2 o IS "^ -2 s. "Si &^ ^ ■♦^ 5= >-C) ,<, "^ g o-g § ««j 2 ^ <;:^_j ^ CO s S ^ "^ ^ i 05 g ?^ 'oo O- "^ J V. ^" to » '^'^ 50 X to ^ Out-door re- lief Repairs and improve- ments Maintenance of alms- houses OHPh a; o •790 Not insane. Adjudged in- sane Female Male . Total. Number DUEING ENDING ADMITTED THE YEAR April 1,1886 Old soldiers Deaf-mutes Blind Idiots. Insane . Girls under V) years . Boys under 10 years^ Women.. Men. CO c !M '— ^■^ — • " — CI ■/: — -^ — I - . o 00 '30 -r :r — = X — 1 — ' _ _ . '^ o ic o -: ) ■: I r: < - ■ - n r~. ( ^ ^ x 1- >c : oos;- rr O 0-. -O ^ K -" M — "O 'M 00 = to '.e • 00 «■ CO -* 00 (T: --0 cot^ — f CO CO t~ ^ ' -*■ O ■— ' CO XI IM 1.0 f^ r^ 'M -M tOO^-f ■ O ^- »-0 — ^^ -.^ OJ 10 -r -T -r laoot^-r '-js ioo-.s^o-JXCii~o> ■= iji^oi d'oi'-"-"* 'cT c-co ^o- •OOCOt^iOOlC. ^COd — OCO-— *— J-^C CiO*^c^oi^-i-o — r:-i<-fOi— I — "^^i* Co — — = ?t r-1 c M o ■— -o X' oi 1.0 c^ X CO -* ?; i-o CO X to O) -js X r- C3 01 -.o «.o CO -r r- o X r- § co -.0 i-T oficoioi oir^t-Toii— 'r-'oicf coi ?io5 (25 ^ ■1—1 • • — OJOI : -I- .-- rOI » l-O C: O -rr GC^ »-0 c: — CO o 00 01 X-+ 1.0 01 CO CO p- O M CO 00 01 •o'i-H"s.jTf,-r •ox — Olf C3 uO-r-HX xr~c » OiCOlOO- — . 10 -»• ic --o -.o — C5 o lo C-. o ■ iv -s- -r c; cc n X oj CO -.o -I- C5 ■» •LO ■t»01CCiN'*OTCO?0i.0O7 •— '-^COlO • OI CO -» i— O^ Sfl CO co-!).oq-*co -x •r--j--.s,-.».ooco'5"Mt^i-': t^ X LO r- o -* lo r» X CO C-. o io 5-. Lo- ^n -v* c; — co x -* -ij" -o ■* o ■-•; Ol i-H • -* 'CO Total. ►•i-oocir^xcoxrrt^i-or^co •" — c ? CO uOrH-^i-Hp^oJCOOl-^ .^pHr.* ri • ■ — H rH rH T-l rH IM O O] O) -f r-1 • CO n r- s: r- CO >-0 f— c :c on - C5 o X r- 1>- -*• o - - — — t^ X ^ oico rl ,-1 ^t^X i-H > o ?t o X ji -* 1.0 -.o 10 o -^ |0 : " ic oi ■"'^co"*'^" CO - r-. r-. I - — — r-. -TOjioco — 04X-9-C-. ■^ — ■ — 01 — OKMuOOOr-r-Ol'- fi^'^S X X X : ct I— '-' — '— '01— "— — 01 ; oioioi 01 — 01 oi 01 CO ,^1 :S w p o P ^ — " 3~ Cu73^r-o' ci — p-."^ — --c3ca x"^ p, ; cs • o > s 55 .S- • ^ ^_ 5 ' ■y - 'jG 3 g' S 32.1*!- '.^a: ^/'^ >— ■■■^ bxil - «j.J^pqp5f cqocucjQOOOooooofiQprjyWW^H* fH ^r^ 231 -^ o r* t.-^ lii -*• o x.'s 00 ^ o : mci-cscjiMCi ii5i^<>-ioot^coc-. "-"oc-. -i ! o — C-- o N CO tj; X' o '-0 J- =-XI -j-ff. mxx-r^rt-rx<--^c-r-. i-r-— x•.';^- cc'^"l f? -1- -r •M -^ — oo lO ii cc ■-: ri ?- %; S ?. -J: o o o I* — (* :^ 'Til.'; "O X — i*i^ -TC. ^. ';i».^**^^'^ 7T -^'^ ct I -' x'rf'— ' I'-' lO CO* ci-''>i->s> o*t>-"sa ■*' f-'i— "— '•m"--3 •m" 4iiOOOC-. ec ic t>. -i ?i mOOXOmoXS — ^"^C* •0-JiOM'MS55CO(~— ;^i£XSCO CCOvr~'*«Oi^00 = 5«X'*r»r-I •uO'MOOr-COXeC^C'SOOOCiOOT'JS ■^ o -r CO C". 'J CI cs cv I— I -^ C5 1^ -cc o-fXLOF-o o '^ X cs 'sC r:'Mr* 1.0 c I w; ^ CO !i5 ^ -^ ei ri TO i~ K ' ci 33 o S C-. M r- -- 5 x -;"! .: ■•■: e i oi — 'oco'co'r-Tco'oi-H -t " -ofxi-'oi-^'Lo'i-ri— *-r— 'cir— ' vsofi-' iio 'f^ S" '* ■ X IC O . to X) .X! Ol 'r- UOOC5r-co •o ^ vD 0*1 — 1^ »o o oi !>. X oj ;s >-i c XI ;i C- -.O l>- liO C2 X 1— ■ -^ -J i-O r- CO CO O -* O I - i-co'of corH-T^'io oi-r i-HcijOM M O^i^^iOi— i^lOOJOlfSCO--— tOi-OOCO •-— ^^X^-'MiO — O«-^0flC0»0i0t*-^O-^C;= OO^OXltffi-'asi^OOiOr-' OO-f^O-T-JItOCSOlOXCaOl'^'M-t'f^- 'XOi-OCOt--XOO-TXOOOX'-^?5i— li— iO?Ji-'i-HtOOJOt>-COO-*0 d o i-< o o CO 00 c^ X c. o oi ■* I ■■ -- C-. X • -i lO -r X oi >— «; r^ — X <— -* c; X c. -1- -- X w 1— I o -o s; r« t- x- 13 o --c C5 O0^IOr^Xt^*^C0C;0101O10»i5C00JX .(>.(^COOiOCO*Of>--f<— Clr— -OOCO-^'-C-t" — •-O-^r-^iOi— '•Mi^00t--.(MO CO c-i t- c:- 10 r- ■* "O >.o t» -^ 1-1 -H o 30 ■* CO c; • co — 51 co j '3 x {~ -^ -^ — i-i co i-» co OJ o t i-h cr. x o o-i o co '-c eo iM oo "-c "sc-fi-i-rc-i^ ol(>^co"oir-ioi'coco"r-rt'-' •oq-r-o"ci-*coco"i-<'co'"Oi-Hoii-H oo'-oi-^r-ii-rr-'cfcr -ro'r-r~-ico ■C<« -i-l -.-1 co-fl-t^xcoi-ocQ-^t-TMui-^ioc-icio-^cs 'Oqcsoo^r-iOosiMio-OMuor-c^iMt-eao-.co •u3ooxooic--s5at-»oe^t»3> COr^CO-^OHCr-i-TC: OXrHOqOl'VJO"!- 'OOCO l-» ^ O 00 lO O t^".0 •OI-^rH-fOIClCOCO 'XOCO-Oi— loq(MS-»COi— lOir- oco-*»-OrtS-. -H •x-«r~cowo^i-ococoeo ■-rftoMi— n-~t»-*cco>oc-i-ooit-s> r-1 r-i (M r^CO ?-l!N 04 <^ CO Ol TP r: -^ r- C; Ol ^ X lO J-. C- UC ~. — 1 — • O X Ol ■ C; CO - Ol CO -- 1-1 --C O UO CO t« -i TJ- p- -C Ol r-l uO OO CO X Ol -• Cl =• CO f~ » ICr4c0Ol — Oi lO ^- ^ r-S CO =f r^ X 01 • C. A CO • 1^ =-r X X 04 CO f^ r^ Ol )'CO j^^rHi-l lOCO-H .« •^ V) • . . . .oi ^^ r^ ■ 0) 1 " . — — , • -J • ^ ■ • — 1 ■ 04 Ol lO CO rH rH Ol Ol T ""• r-H CO i-^ 1— 1 ~ ,-1 / . . . . ". ■M •— ;0> ; ; O) '»' VC 0] CO CO" -J-^l-rTHrli-l-r ; ;C0COC0C0 0Tr0 01O4Olr--^C0Ol rHOQC-.tOO ;i^COCl |U; | — CO 04 rt-* 1 r-< CO l-O f— O «00"f-lr- — "i-l(~iO •-^lO-l'i-lCOCOr-lO 'lO •tCrHi-lCOCO — i-l'^i-l^r^r-COOl—r--^ 1— ti— « r-Ol'i— 11— Ir^'- 1—1 C4i— 104 CO • *^ COi-iX ; : : : ; : ; : : : : : : :::::: •c 00 ;»-0 ; •c-.m «0 CO -T — 01 -f CO • ;01 "^COrH •COiO'-^ 'iffl | lO 04 p-l tS I » ri ?0 | | -# r-i CO 1- 04 rl -* 04 04 CO oeoojJCfMjS CO 'O O lO •■£> -"f -»i ^ • O Olio =5 05 CS O 01 C-. CT. i^ X 0-. LO r^Olr^r-lCO 'COt— iCO rlr^ i— « -^-oc-.x OCOC-.t-l-t 02 t^ 00 1 1-0 c- 04 35 *- -i CO --c CO '— CO C-. Ol •.; C5 CO «.o C! X ■* Ol o • -.r t- 04 .—I" w^ i — XOI — XrHXXl :C'CO'* — :r-*X'- 01 COi-li-< (- -ir CO >-i ococoC x.cccx)20QOooooQCQC'3oa::*:oox:'^. ? X X /. / "7 X ? \ A y: /. y. X X >: / I /: X y. ^ r X 1 X X XXX > 1-1 >o CO 1-1 Ol o ( - -o' i o' -^ I - -r -T I >.' I »■ -r 1 -' -r o 1 =■. X -J r » I - -^ 1— o CO i ■- 1 • .'r-lOli^ r^"-,^ C4 OlOli-^ Ol i-i rt 1 r^ I-IOIOIO X C-. 'X X O CO -o CO OJ CT: o> oici oi oioio5 r^ ^'' 1^ ^ ^ ^ 'i^ f^ w^ r^ •'^ '^ '*'i> r^ '^ ^ r^ 'Pt "^ ^^ "pf ^ ^ w-t '^ r-- "^ '^ ^ ^^ "^ '~' ^^ '^' ^ ■^ ■l^^^^^^^^^!gSS^o.«^)^>^^<;gxal-^^^gO*dl-»l-^-^<;g<|l-5^^0 3'=^V^'-*''^"-''-=:'-^«^'s(«'^>-TrfL--oo^'-fr:-^" £1 -5- ■>! =; 1-1 -.r C-. 3C -T c; ^ DC -.s — c: i- r: n = -!■ L- 00 C-. •M t^ r^ I— -JT C2 — S 3C-H = rr 00 OC (^ C-. il -.= r» ct S f^ u; ;.5 X — c: L.- JO r^ » ■;- 1- — • — -. -^ oi 1— ' -.c • uo v; •.= CO — oi >-■ CO J: 1 - r-. 1.0 1 CO t>. 00 00 — 01 00 O LO -.c lo c^ 2» 01 lo Ol Cl Ol Ol r-lr-H ^-Oi rtf^ LO CO = r^ c: o -.c « 1^ o C-. -.2 -o -T c; -.i J-. c: >- r» rt -.= '.o — — Ol -r -f 1-^ -r a; f^ Ol Ol '.r C". lo Ol Ol -^r oi O^^r- '-.a- 'Ol^Ol '01 lOl • •.— ■-1 -OICO 01 -.S — r^ CO O -T >-l -—I— • — 01 -y — • Ol T • Ol Ol ■ r^ ?o r- 01 coir^r^ •cooico--cc-^-T^--^t>-co Ir-ii-H-* .oi-o r- ?M~ t^ oi:. CO = r-i COi-H Ol 01 — 1-> — 1 1-H Ol r-i rt — 1 oiot>-ot^oico-oeo( ■^ ^r-i 1-1 t^OlCO-rl i-H r^ OICO r- 00 t^ CO) — — .01 -T f •or-ocoioi — ■=-or-jEc<5i-~Oi— ico-^ — -.c-^ooo-* GOi— (r>-00i— 1-^1— tO00 4-0i-H^»-tC^oit-^Lo''-.c'o*c'^--— 'oi ro — '— 'x*oi Ol o x" CM 00— OlOlr-— •—■0101—01 01 1— — 01 SkH 5 == =5 = = 6' -5 Si— =— =>Si— »S: 3 ^^ ^ = :oj : : : :5= : = '"' o eg >, ^ C3 C6 ^ C ^ -ijt -i^ -iJ X J^ Z. •-^^ 1-^ tip. 1>- "i^ *i^ "-.i. ^^ ■■ =_ "-^ ■/I c -= o 5 tc =; ci— ' a .ss g s« - «J ^1 3: S l: !== — 3 53;i-3-" i — —J' S'Si? c — ■ c3 X ^.4_, ' ^— O-T o ^ !-i il = cc eS— 35^rt| S^J-=^ ^j '— — Q ^ ~7 - f r - X tc " z — — J ■ - -/. 2 '-'5 -— -/ — rt =-r 5S?^" i^^-; H^H-O ^ 5-^ ^"S 5.VS& 233 S ^ V <» "-^ s <» .13 ;:s e I « "^ f <» ^■ '^ V , • • s; C * i-'r, ^ !r; ■=>! !«. ^ ^ ^ o o ?~. ^ <^ -o =0 ^ -.^ c ^ ~ >•■ OD o ^ ^ ■"o^ 1 "-It Dj; .« ^ X "Xj s •:5 w ;;^ ■J Sij ^^ :;:: !:: H X -^ x s* <~ :^ . = — . cv lo 1^ -M --r: c. x Si — . x ■ri . — r ~- i.t i5 '-C « w -S c: y- l-t) O \Z * »C lT tC !i L-* — O OCX XXXX)XXO0XX 00 X X X X 00 OC X X X X Allowance per day tor dietlns prison- ers Prisoners recap- tured ooo^io — r> — ocoot.-^oocc'^ooooooicowioooooo !■ :o iQ t» lis >/; Prisoners escaped since last visit Persons committed during year ending April l,18S(i Insane Girls Boys... Women . Men Total. Capacity of jail. Number of cells. 1C5OCO tcuji^^^^fCcS^-yioorc ^:cii5io»0"S»o-i 1-1 CI CC CO.CC I r-( CO M 1-1 -r f- r-l fC0C0l-':)C^^''-'r-»^i0^00(M~C0O»0'MrHr-tC0C0C0-.^ 'C^lO^COi— l-i-(^f-t o 53 o -* u5 -.c 1.75^ cj 00 o lO • :o CI o '.s CI irt -j; o to oc -.o 00 r» ".c '.s 00 C5 CTi CiCOi-ICl r- T— — CI CI CI •!— imCJi-H 1— i-H ClrH ^r— Mrid OOO'S'tC^OOdOClCOCS OOOOCSOOClCOOCtCCOOJC1^3S«00-*CltO ?5 ^ " ^ ^ ^ ;o '.CC ^ X » :r :o tr x- :s to — :c *.C 'O '.o ^O ".cc :c :o :c to «o *.o '-D :5 -.o ;o JOXXOOXXiXXO.XOOOCOOOCOCXXXXXQOOOXXapXXOOXX'X or. ociXxooxooajxjooocooooooooooX'XooocofooooxiX/Ocxooxxoo I -O CO *•* cC -^ ^ -3* ^ f C * f -.0' to cC X* cT tc -T- o cT ?c ~r to' — ' -- to * ^ r— o x*" lo ci CI ft r-l>- -. 2 t cs ;■ a c 5 i£ L -2j: o C t; a .d :S ^- . .. ^_„- . 234 I - e := i.-M-i -f o o ;o I— ■ : .-' -1 — . - .- .- i- i- = -M -o X w S- 1 ' ' ' ^3 si ->c t-s I- 73 oc fi(§ Allowance per day for dieting prison ers Prisoners recap- tured Prisoners escfiped since last visit. . . Persons committed during year ending April 1,188() Insane Girls. Boys Women. Men. Total . c; '-c I* -f ■ u^ OO m r>. ii5 ■ c. c^ o « CO • r-. •M »c t-H = ^ Lt CO ^ — C-. v: x ■.; -.r -M z = --^ — ri . .^ . -, ^ -1 X' — f— I c: ^- o 3C lo -M -.: -/: ^ — * '.r ^ ' T * 1 ^ X . -^ 1 — X *.; -r :■: y: cx) o> 1-^ J; X) C-. r-t ^-^ X 7 1 — r: :^ z i 7 X ^ r. w . ■- ?i X = vr -c v»ecoc — i~^i» e X— X CT — . X 1- i--t — . (- ci cfi-i' oSoi-S Cii-T CO Cl r— 'r-',.-'r-r :S OC OC'OC 'OC - _ - :i 1.0 ■■£ -^ -^ -JS ts> 36 QOQC 0000 OCXOOXOO _r lo -^ ■■.= ■— lO ■■o 00 30 00 00 JO OC CO 00 00 OOCX' OOOC 0030'X'OOOO 00 OCOOOO>X)CCOCOC CO CO CO CO © aTo;© ,5 o^'BaT's® s a^ ojiiS ® ® d oj ©' s 5 3 ~ 02 coco .32 g yj tnx i-aK; ^r^p^cci^a: a? h?-/. cc -s-^ >^< •/J ' ' ' i a; o _cS o O wwO.^l-OOOOOCr — O— ■ — OlOOOOl-OOOO-OLOOOOOiO— o»oo lO lO lO if5C/^if5^ lO Oi0^tJ?^i/5*0^'^tO>.0>0'^"^ »OlOli3CO'^ii3^lOCOiO"n"iOLO i-l0 -.2 CO ^5 ool-^co(M-5'0(^^-«•tooo^o^^oco-9■Ol-llOtoco^^ ;oao!M ■-*-s'O0^^oB^OOOCa_X0OOO0C0C'XOO0OCZjOOXOOOO0CCtOO0OOOOOQr, OCOOOOOOCCOCOOXIOC' Q.2 q2 00 iO '-S i^O 'M -r O ^- O CC 1-H (M O r* -^ ITS r-< t^ -•' ^'T^II-< (M^ I— >(Ml— I r ■jq ffi 'Xj "^ r^ ixs r^ o CO >-.5 1> C tj 9 c 5 5PaSStcS^«« lc 0-3 9 ^ o a> a. !3 ® e i i^ g g O S S? ^'^S § § S C-^'^ I g:> ^rt rf cs C3 ce cs cfi o O o 0. a> 23; ::?S ^ i IS? ? 5 ?JX 1 3, 182 01 887 39 23,842 02 575 0.3 758 95 l.(i95 24 S ^ T_ X = ■;' T X s X - 515 §1 Dec. 1,1885 Sept. 1,1885 Mar. 1, 1885 Sept, 1,1885 July 31.1885 Sept. 1, 1X85 Mar. 1,1886 Siipt. 1,1886 Mar. 1, 1886 Sept. 1, 1886 Sept. 1.1X85 June 1,1886 Sept. _ 1,1885 May 1,1885 Oct. 1,1885 Aiir. 1.1886 X X ■5 11111 :::::: J?^"""'" - tn c: ::::::::::::::::::::.■ : o •^ t^ o » (■» -^ 'J '"' MCI (MrH •MC7 C-- ■M;2 '.C C: =; t-O -^ X s •o r-. i-3 := lO r» t^ — o-iM to lO csi X S5§!'-'Sg:?g'-*S5 oo ' eor- Clr- 85 - - - - - IT 1^ ei u l-l »S r- (M 001^ « iMeoco-?i-i-*!N;5JrH CO c-.co ■MI- X-H r-l-Jl.'? COrH i slsssW^^ Mcoco-f^if; "^1 T-H — « c; C-. r: = 1 1 X x-^=^5^« Kr^ s ;2;g^xoc^^-og2 OOOO^^gqj^ja,,- -fClOOCltCO g* 1 QC-rX <--.0 = »l- = 'M^J-H-f'M-x ■TJ = DO Cl =: i-l -.3 (^ 00 Cl O o -f ?T— X c; XCl ^. •X X X X X X i7 X X X X X X X 7 X XXX X X X X X X X -X X X X t; >. bi >. >..j i:i:si:^^ci^>;-c a =^ = 3 - ,o C C 3 =^ J; s &^ - X X X X 7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X a: p >> 2 ■D IS > OJ o n .id C3 "2 — - c > ^ 3 ;.< S -. ^ d /. 1 "7 _1 •1- o o 3 5 O . p 23£? o S aj ■.-'O c (B O ti 2§9 '-'•en SI ri o IB X5 t< O c3 ..tc ^_ c o o < 237 APPENDIX II. PAY-ROLLS OF THE INSTITUTIONS. The following pay-rolls are here printed precisely in the form in -which they were received from the state institutions, in response to a letter addressed to them on the 26th of October, requesting that they should be furnished for the use of the general assembly. NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Salaries and Wages paid during fiscal year 1885, commencing October 1, 18(84; ending September 30, 1885. Name. Service. Amount. E A. Kilhiiurne . . Superintendent $3. 000 00 W.G.Stone Assistant Physician 1,500 00 83 33 A. Clnircli. 98:5 30 E. AVellioKhoff Acting clerk 893 33 H r.iilsliaiitrh ... Stenographer 380 00 R. W. radi'lfonl Secretary of board 200 00 John I>. Stewart Bookkeeper 436 13 Rf-v.W. H.Illsli'v Chaplain 40 00 Frank Doyle Engineer 827 92 John Lyons Assistant engineer 220 00 N.P.Olsen Fireman 360 00 D. C Johnson " 293 07 B. Santt^e Carpenter 791 2-5 D.J. Hughes 741 88 S.Duliclsnn ' ' 787 50 Baker 600 00 Ant,'us M<'Queen Landsc ape gardener 800 04 J. H. Hewitt Gardener 460 00 John Fdlsom Assistant gardener . . .- 137 33 Lawn mower 129 61 Wni. H. Burger Farmer 600 00 Fred. Hohenstein Farm hand 170 57 John Zimmer 240 00 Joseph Charron ' • 30 19 Henry Henning ' • 151 30 Hans Peterson ' ' 239 33 Edwanl Girrard utsiile attendant 198 28 Aaron Mason Porter 304 35 Wm. H. Gore Cook f.33 33 Charles S . Clough Butcher 680 0(> M. J. Kenueally Carboy 40 00 238 Pay-rolls— Continued. Name. Ser^'ioe. Amount. W. G. Bealle Car bo y Slfio 00 John Rif^gel Launderer 191 34 Michael Mil rray Hostler :36(i 00 Peter Johnson SupernumaiT. 283 33 F. I. Kimball Supervisor 228 (17 J. O'C Robinson Druggi st 410 OO Thomas Smith Night watch 418 17 Theodore "Wahlgren Attendant 420 00 Thomas Lai'ocque 420 00 G. Frennessen 140 77 Geo. C. Martin 307 50 Emil Anderson 192 50 Martin Norton 222 0(5 J . Lil jenberg .332 50 • ' 330 00 Wm. Patterson :^2 50 320 00 Chas. C. Strenney • • 31; .50 Peter Sorrenson 205 32 James P. Burke 150 00 John W. Barnes 121 77 Rev. H.O. Rowlands .50 00 Fai'm hand 52 54 Rev. L. W. Brigham Chaplain 40 00 Rev. G. S. Young 40 00 Niels Kerkelson Fii'eman 71 77 Rev. J. S. Smith 15 00 P . Dyrrsen Attendant 187 26 Rev. D.D.Hill Chaplain 45 00 Louis Kinsman \ttendant 15S 02 George Pelfer 161 43 J. P. Johnson Car boy 1(18 39 G. A. Neilson 28 09 E. C. Wolfkill 132 90 Knox Boude 158 Of) H. D. Goddard Bl acksmith 1.32 10 William Schwartfeger Lawn mower 64 00 \Vi lliam Mason 96 67 .Julius Christianson 86 67 Charles E. Sharp Car bo V 39 33 E. Carlson 119 as E. Meyer Attendant 40 67 Lawrence Baueh 18 92 George M. Lucas 101 67 Wm. H. McCiie 101 00 Jesse W. Fuller 85 15 Gordon J. Oakes 96 33 Albert Sheckler Fireman ion 00 George Whitehorn Attendant 92 42 Edwin Fallstad .38 71 J. A.Yates 96 53 Oscar M. Shaw • • - 78 39 John McDermott Assistant engineer 150 00 Jos. McChesney Car boy 44 67 David H. Fiester Supervisor 103 83 Harry Hamilton Attendant 3 87 W'illiam Johnson Porter 32 74 Frank Revnolds Attendant 44 .35 D. B. Carter 40 48 Fi'aneis Norrie as 55 Adoh'h Ny berg • • 38 55 A. N. Girard 32 74 Steam fitter .50 00 ''hfir'ps H F.astman Eleeti'ic-light engineer 20 00 Charles M. Good Attendant 2 67 B. D. Hotchkiss 2 00 R.E.Moll 40 33 Gordon W. Rrooks • • 312 50 202 42 302 50 T F Xielson . . . .. 133 03 A. F. J. Woude 22 58 J H.Bratbv 19n 83 • • 200 64 Henry L Martin 179 isi Oscar M. Pond . :........ 176 .50 S. P. Hcwins 184 58 Mr :< . F . M . Po r t er Matron 60ft 00 289 Pajl Rolls — Continued. Nanio. Ser\ ire. Amount. Fannie Johnson Seamstress $107 50 Editli M. lirown 179 (X) Laundry 15 ()(► 17 93 180 00 120 58 • • 22 70 Nettie Olson ' ' 185 00 l.W 00 151 (17 Mary Olsen 127 74 ' ' 162 49 Marv A. I'liinkett Cook 191 00 Kitchen 225 01 Nellie LeaiTy . .. . . 180 00 Mangle room 164 67 Kat H F. Byrne Dining room 114 48 Attendant 176 97 Ada Fosdielc 191 47 111 01 • • 21 67 Lanndry ,. Cliamlierniaid 54 13 128 27 Attendant 141 93 Chambermaid 97 97 Attendant M 19 Eloise Willard 50 58 ' ' 68 64 Nellie Otrilvie ' ' 80 09 ' ' 89 00 Laundry 27 09 Cook 22 85 Mollie C'Donnell Attendant 79 03 Sally A. Hussey Josephine Tiibbs 86 06 Seamstress . . . . 75 0(f 64 40 Chambermaid 57 19 Laundry 65 80 Attendant 70 90 Mary E. Kens(^lla Lanndry 47 87 45 80 Attendant 56 00 Nettie Hii},^lies Mending room 14 00 Dining room 38 58 Hattie 4.ble Laundry 22 13 Doralliff Attendant 34 19 Mary /^ibrecht Dining room 156 00 Cliamt)ermaid 127 83 OUiGonnell. 15(i 00 Lvdia Ericson • ' 71 04 Bridget Mullen Kite lien 168 00 Annie F. Wallace N ight watcli 96 77 Molly \ Brunk 316 13 Attendant 97 03 M. V. Murpliy 192 00 240 00 Marv Kiilibins 102 22 v.. A. Wbelan ' ' 272 00 Mollie JMnford 1.33 06 Nellie Heck 114 97 ' ' ISO 00 ' • 195 20 Dollie Spnude '< 21() 00 ' ' 25 81 Ella ()sl)i)iirne 214 00 214 00 Nelli(^ I'atterson 180 00 198 00 Kate Malone 187 00 Ella Malone .... 202 00 Betty ('. ( 'anipbell ' ' 193 87 • ' 3:1 83 35 80 L. E. DafTKv 183 .30 A UKUsta Teters 171 00 240 Pay-rolls — Continued. Names. Service. Amount. Laundry SI2 (M 9 Si ' ' S 40 Minnie Ocheltree . Attendant 3 27 Total 807. 761 89 Difference in backpay-rolls 3 08 S37,758 21 CURRENT EXPENSE ACOUNT. Labor not on Pay-roll for fiscal year, October 1, 1884, to September 80, 1885. Names. Service. Amount. T. L. Bealle Labor Tinsmiths Painting Machinist $12 71 Metcalf&Reed 27 7.5 A. L. I'endergast 30 25 50 L. Wolff MTg Co Coppersmiths Stenographer Mason Electric Mason 22 50 John Ritchie 15 00 A. Peglow 20 75 Western Electric Co 35 00 F. A. Johnson 12 00 T E. Ijawrenee 62 50 M. O'Neill ' > 52 00 Dolly Sproule Supervisor Butcher Upholsterers 15 00 Chas. S . Clough 60 00 Wait&Burdick 22 50 Fireman 49 46 J. W. Gates Waiter 10 00 T L Beale Launderer 2 42 Mcintosh G. & F. B Electric 13 20 M Field & Co Curtain hangers 10 00 Geo Kobson Fireman 8 33 26 36 R P Jackman & Son Machinists 1 25 J McDermott Assistant engineer 22 58 E M. Childs Machinist 5 on Fireman 6 45 H D Goddard Blacksmith 24 00 E R Girard . Assistant attendant 25 W H Hoist Assistant gardener 20 00 Civil engineer 3 00 Cameron Amberg&Co Printing 2 10 Labor Assistant engineer 24 19 Total «680 35 241 NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Salaries and Wages paid during fiscal year 1886, commencing October 1, 1885, and endinq September 30, 1886. Name. Service. Amount. E. A. Kilbourne Superintendent «3,000 00 W. G. Stone Assistant physician 1,500 00 A. Church Second assistant physician Clerk 1, 049 97 E. Wpllinghoff 999 96 John D. Ntuart Bookkeeper .580 00 Knox Boudp. . . ... Stenographer 120 33 E. W. radelford Secretary 200 00 W.H. Ilslev Chaplain 65 00 H. 0. Rowlands 45 00 G. 8. Young > ' 45 00 J. S. Smith • > 45 00 D.D.Hill • ' 40 00 A. N. Aleott ' ' 20 00 C. M. Thompson Stenographer 238 06 D. H.Fie.ster Supervisor 63 23 J. S. Steph'^nson 91 34 Chas. Smith 32 74 J. 0"C. Robinson Druggist. . 286 77 A. W. Baer 48 39 F. "W. Blanchard " 41 13 Thos. Smith Night watchman 66 61 Jno. F. Bailev 405 00 Bert Mosher Engineer 473 10 . H . Gronherg 33;^ 32 Jno. MeDermott Assistant engineer 130 00 Ed. Blodgett 220 00 H. D.Goddard Blacksmith 349 13 N.P.Olsen Electric light engineer 360 00 A. Sheekler Fireman 100 81 Chas. H. Eastman Electric hght engineer Carpenter 88 70 697 50 I). J.Hughes 680 00 S.Donaldson ' ' \Vm. Fay Baker 600 00 Landscape gardener 533 36 Michael Gilford 195 13 J.H. Hewitt Gardener .' 480 00 Henrv Hoist Assistant gardener 265 00 W.H. Burges Farmer 600 00 John Zimmer Farm gardener 127 09 Hans Peterson 136 77 Fred Hohensten ' ' 24 67 Wm . Mason ' ' 240 00 Julius Chi'istianson ■ ' 240 00 ' • 51 54 Jno. Mortenson ' • 114 68 Morten Nelson ' ' 101 93 Carl Aageson ' ' 100 (i5 Porter 138 39 A.Mason 192 50 Chas. S. Clough Butcher 272 90 James .leffers 248 57 J. P. Johnson Carboy .\ 240 00 Jos. MeChesney 195 33 W. M. Kreeger • ' 44 00 E. Carlson Launderer 310 00 Michael Murray Hostler 360 00 Jno. Fulson * Assistant gardener 108 93 Peter Johnson Supernuinerary l(i4 28 Theo. Wahlgren Attendant 420 00 Thos. Larocque 420 00 John Liljenberg • ' 362 50 ' • 360 00 Wm. Patterson • • 370 00 Chas. C. Stremmey ' < 241 76 Gordon W. Brooks • • 216 33 B. Martenson ' ' 332 50 P . Dyrssen ' • 50 00 Geo. Telfer • ' 50 71 Geo. N. Lucas • ' 310 00 W. H. McCue ' ' 310 00 Gordon J. Oakes 200 00 " 62 50 242 Salaries and Waqes^Continued. Name. Service. Amount. Oscar M. Shaw Attendant $75 00 Frank B. Reynolds 337 08 T>. B. Castor • ' 226 67 Francis Norrie • ■ 97 58 Adolf B. Nybling • ' 102 42 A. W. Girrard ' ' 138 84 Chas. McLeod 161 69 B. D. Hotchkiss ' * 32 58 Peter Sorensen 140 60 Geo.E. Hall ' ' 64 68 Wm. H.Talson ' ' 88 99 Arthur H. Campbell ' • 7 10 H. M. Collins • • 136 16 W. A. Ayres < < 183 00 J. E. Williamson ' • 220 67 Wilfred Paley ' • 209 03 H. H. Jacobshegher • ' 217 42 H. O.Thayer '• 38 73 • • 20 00 A. E.Kendall • ' 144 35 W. F. Taufel • ■ 143 06 F. E. Burnham ' ' 63 23 L.B.White • ' 137 26 O.L. PhiUips < " 96 93 ' • 51 91 J. G. Gastin • ' 86 29 • • 70 00 Orlanto Parrott ' • 69 33 < ' 69 33 JohnP. Kildahl < • 41 77 Thos. R. Lovelace • ' 41 77 Wm. Talbard Fireman 188 33 H. A. Highriter 50 54 W. J. Peets • ' 154 67 • • 121 84 B . Peterson Assistant gardener 100 00 Theo. Myher Porter . . 75 00 J. H. McCredie Fireman 80 00 42 41 J. S. Wheeler Attendant ... 11 61 W. S. Hiland 7 10 A . J. Martine • < 137 26 Mrs. F. M. Porter , Matron 600 00 Edith L.Brown Sefl.mstres.'s 136 50 123 87 Fannie Jo hnson • . 113 29 Mary McCormiek • < 192 50 Mary Galvin Laundry 176 61 97 04 Martha J. Conkleton • • 94 28 NinaLarson ' • 81 50 Hattie Abel • ' 57 35 • ' 90 97 Liz zie Malone. • ' 110 65 168 00 Maggie Osborne • « 168 00 Mary E. Kasella Mending room 63 68 Maria Taylor Laundry 44 74 87 00 Sine Hansen • ' 28 17 Hattie Cowgill • < 84 00 Maggie Walker < ' 84 on Alice Flick • < 69 53 Lucy Flick ,t 69 53 Mending room . 105 68 Mary A. Plunkett Cook 192 00 Martha Hall 392 38 Nellie Leary Kitchen 297 00 Bridget Mullen 1 178 00 Eosa Hi<"ks < < 119 87 Marie Albrecht Dining rnnm 156 00 Maggie DuPre 125 66 Emily Williams • ' 66 68 OUieConnell Chambermaid 106 93 Dora Hackman 81 35 Maria Hawsen • • 156 on " 52 83 Nellie Fitzsimmons " 45 50 243 Salaries and Wages — Continued, Name. Service. Amount. Anna Mortensen Chai Sup€ Nigl Atte nbermaid «81 79 Vick Castor . (it; 13 M. Shnmaker (!(i 13 Kate Brynn 51 16 Ellen MeGarrv 32 71 Marv Met'ormick 30 40 Mollie N. Briink . .. irvisor 420 00 Bridget Whalen it watch 288 71 Mary C. Murphy ndant 192 00 Annie Joyce 240 00 Minnie Pluinmer 180 00 Dolly Sproule 41 40 Ella Osborne 21G (10 Jane Grove 21 () 00 Nellie Patterson. 180 00 Luella E. Rose 217 00 Kate Malone . 159 39 21(i 00 L. E. Daggy 234 00 125 81 Mollie M. Foster 208 00 192 00 124 27 193 44 Marv E. Funk 163 68 Laura A. Crowder 31 73 Minnie Ochiltree .56 45 Mattie Gent . . 165 51 Bella Burnev 16 33 Rosa Krewauck 197 00 Mrs. Josie Damon 25 52 81 00 Mary E. Rauba 61 65 124 42 Alice Grant 52 39 Nannie Binford 127 93 125 68 62 32 AUie R. Hean 45 50 Mamie E.McKee 42 69 Jennie Snobble 49 72 42 35 27 30 Clara Mortland 37 03 Ida Clouse 37 80 Lucy B. Robinson 35 93 Ella J. Stewart 18 97 18 52 Hannah Burnett 3 61 2 71 Total $37,804 51 164 98 «37,639 53 CURRENT EXPENSE ACCOUNT. Labor not on pay-roll, for fiscal year from October 1, 1885, to Septem- 30, 1886. Name. Service. Amount. E. R. Girard Attendant rK? :« J. M. McCredy Labor 1(10 00 James Mills .. Assistant physician 25 00 J.F. Sefton Painting 143 23 F.McKay Fireman 25 41 Metcalt&Reed Tinner 116 01 244 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Amount. C. H. Woodruff & Co W.E. Hale&Co J.H. Thomas .J. Jeffers M. Dunn E. A. Blodgett P. Pethybridge A. Jackson B. F. Johnson B. P. Jaekman & Son T. E. Lawrence Thos. Mann T.A.Mann MarshaU Field & Co . B. Peterson Theo. Myhre Western Electric Co . Kingsley & Miller O . H. Gronberg M. Gilfoil G. Eosencrans E.Y.Matlock Chas. A. Johnson J.Davis&Co Kroeschell Bros J. McQueeney Michael Duffy P. Cleary J.Nish OhnHill J. Brody Machininist . [Butcher Assistant engineer . Steamfitter Sausage cutting Carpenter Mason Machinist Mason , Carpet laying Assistant gardener LaAvn mower Electricians Roofing Engineer Land gardener Civil en^rineer Electrician Farmer Steamfitter Boiler i-epairs Labor Total . Tinner Well cleaning. Farmer SO 50 15 00 87 44 48 85 112 25 126 61 7 00 54 00 46 00 6 25 420 00 326 00 130 63 104 00 8 00 5 50 28 75 44 00 16 13 12 90 5 00 28 20 18 00 36 00 200 00 31 50 14 25 28 50 1 80 12 00 50 00 S2,548 04 EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. From October 1, 1884, to September 80, 18S5. Name. Amount. E . Dewey Superintendent J. C. Burt. H. M. Bamiister. . E. S.Pettyjohn.... CD. Wescott D.E.Howe L. H. Prince H.C.Clark Lois S. Whitney. . Wm. M. Whitney George F. Lovell , S.P.Eogers F. E. GaUison.... M.O. Bunn W. M. Wells W.L.Hoover Thos. Riley .)ohn S. Tracy A. J. Hodgson James Bute Wm.Reid Minnie Burt Mary Bute Grace Morgan. .. Lizzie Hartly Lulu A. Johnson. Thos. Sweeney... Dora White Ella Martin Nis Peterson B. B. Cobbs Business assistant... Assistant physician. Secretary and treasurer Matron Clerk Bookkeeper Druggist Stenographer . Electrician. .. Storekeeper... Interne SuperAisor. Supervisoress. Attendant . 12 12 12 12 7.18 3.12 12 12 12 13 8.27 3 .5 12 8.13 4 1.15 3 11.15 3.21 10.2 8.20 4.15 1.29 3.15 7.15 8.20 8.22 9 3.6 53, 000 00 1,316 69 1,200 00 791 72 1.000 08 480 02 226 68 800 04 600 00 1,200 00 680 00 301 50 90 00 5 00 360 00 464 00 140 00 52 50 75 00, 542 50 113 50 453 75 164 34 76 00 54 00 70 00 300 00 173 34 157 £0 288 00 83 20 245 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name Time, months. Amount. 6.5 $183 74 8.16 1.55 60 7 175 00 a 90 75 5 Kil 00 4.28 120 53 2 40 00 o 93 16 3 83 00 2.28 52 80 •) 50 00 1 24 00 .24 13 60 1 15 00 0.15 1S2 34 11.13 318 27 9 234 00 11.9 :339 00 3.19 70 67 3 90 OJ 11.28 307 83 10.22 280 00 6.21 167 50 3.26 100 53 3.15 84 00 5.15 132 00 3 72 00 5.18 134 40 5.14 13(i 67 8.22 239 00 11.16 322 00 12 350 00 5.15 110 00 5 131 17 2.21 67 50 7.14 149 33 2.23 (i9 17 11.20 32:? 27 12.9 2.54 60 6.15 155 00 1 20 00 9.3 188 .01 8.9 194 00 8 236 00 5.25 152 as 3.21 74 00 8.21 23 91 8.28 240 27 1.10 34 07 8.24 220 00 5.18 112 00 8.5 274 17 8.2 201 67 7.22 208 33 2.26 57 34 2.2 51 67 7.10 183 34 7.3 188 50 5.8 127 27 7.9 175 20 6.15 160 00 2.25 70 84 7.18 209 75 10 200 00 6.8 106 90 0.15 149 00 3.27 107 25 5.9 130 84 4.18 102 00 3.2 7(i 67 2.2 53 73 11. IS 290 00 12 298 00 1 20 00 3.2J 85 80 11. 2( 276 53 2.14 50 00 11.26 293 07 Jas. McFarland Sarah Folson H. Zame) D.L. Bateheler .... Edward Pickles. . . . M. H. Young Lizzie Harty Roliert Lipsett Wm. Gibson Hattie Martin Alex. Tratt C. C. Breen Bessie Burford Helen Atherton Wm. Eastman W. E. Toler D. L. Bateheler Eugene Batchelor. Chester Batchelor. Nis Petei-soii J. O. Johnson John Houston J. C. Cupp S.H.Reynolds N. Hsndrieksoii Hans Johnson J. H. McFarland. .. J. Baehtold K.Elminger Wm. Alderson Tom. A. Smith F.J. Furby L. Johnson. .... Henry Hailman Milton Frogge. .... Irwin Inman W. A. Hassard E.G.Wood Samuel Olsen Wm. Wilcox A. Faucher John Clark F. A. Chester Thos. Riley R. Lipsetl John Ayers C. F. Nimmo J. H. Shields E. Stephens T.Shaw A. E. Adams R. Brown J. G. Fitzhugh J. P. Buffum B.H.Brown J. Duval W.T. Earl M. J. Hennessy Alex. Pratt T. R. Short Robt. Armstrong . . H. F. Warren Henry White Geo. Whitehouse .. H.B. Ackley E. H.Eastman Wm. Gilison E. Hawkins J. N. Jones J. H.Orr Walter Jones H. Brown C.Walsh N. Gerhardt P. Karulf B. Ziavogel , P. L. Damm B.J. Parry Attendant 246 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. Wm. Reid R. C. Williams N. Lebarge J. F. Ease C. H. Patter John W. Henley... Thos. Littlejohn .. C. C. Breen Eli Lanier Edw. Pickles W.C.Gray Z. Chartier F. Patter L. G. Girard E. A. Conyne W. Chaleroff Wm. Marquiss C.Marsell , L. N. Rouse Harry Stanley B. B. Cobbs L. R. Cutshaw H. H. Anderson D.E.Greer D. M. Havens Eich'd Meyer W.J. Medonis.. W. McLelan T.F. Neilson Herman Meyer Pred. Raymond Geo. Rice Peter Rhodes Geo. Rushby Gus. Sitzka A. Sitzka P. Shultz Henry Post W.H. Penink John Taylor Mark Tol«r J. L. White Chris. Rheule M.A.Young F. A. Lewis Sam'l. Bunker J. D. Grout H.C.Leffle H. Milburn F. H.Boss A. Mason M.J Funkhhauser. J. W. Crews W. H. Crews E. Coutts S. P. Hewins J. H. Hewitt H. Kruger T.Kelley T.J. Maxey H. L. Martin G. Limt W. Newlan J. R. Owens Dan'I Pierce F. Ortraan O. M. Pond John Roche Elihu Smith W. H. Stultz J W. Musgrove. H. M. Thompson F.B. Sadler... H.M. West.... Geo. Wicks.... E. J. D. Smith J.H. Walker F. H. Keeler ". C. W. Eastman Attendant 8.14 6 10.2(i 7.9 9.27 3.27 10 10 5.27 6 6.22 4.24 4.4 1.21 2.2 .23 .27 .28 .5 3.10 2 5.15 5.19 3.14 4.14 5.27 .16 1.28 1.6 5.6 6.19 1.14 5.29 6.1 6.1 6.2 5.25 3.9 5.10 7.2 1.14 2.20 5.18 .15 1.2 1.16 .26 1.7 1.10 1.21 .21 2.10 3.22 2.13 2.25 3.5 1.3 .27 2.3 4.5S .6 1.19 4.15 3.17 .15 3.20 2.17 3 4.15 1.18 2.22 2.22 1.7 .9 3.2 2.22 .29 .29 12 I Amount. $245 00 154 40 241 20 182 50 210 00 78 00 254 31 220 40 131 33 152 50 168 75 115 20 99 20 34 00 49 60 19 93 23 33 18 64 335 60 00 52 00 149 47 119 00 88 74 98 40 130 00 10 C7 40 93 30 00 128 07 138 67 29 24 135 06 152 SO 134 53 137 33 145 27 74 00 122 00 159 01 35 20 6:^ 93 145 60 9 00 22 00 46 07 15 60 28 20 24 34 01 14 00 49 33 77 40 59 00 68 00 78 34 50 40 21 60 43 80 86 67 5 20 33 00 126 00 89 17 9 00 75 83 73 10 72 00 114 97 41 10 58 80 31 20 31 60 5 40 76 60 49 20 17 40 17 90 10 00 247 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. C E Pettyjohn Attendant .15 AC, 1.7 9.12 10.17 3 7.5 11.14 11.15 9.5 11.21 11.27 10 12 11.11 11.28 12. 10.14 2 8 4 7.29 11.13 11.20 12.18 8.18 8.18 11.16 11.11 11 7.25 9.26 11 11 7.20 5.21 10.14 5.15 2.15 1.12 3,12 9.16 7.22 3.24 3.00 2.10 8.1 8.10 7.21 .8 2. 7.3 5 14 6.10 5.4 1.5 2.6 6.16 6.2 5.19 3.1 4.28 6.15 5.10 5.29 6.2 5.16 5.17 1 .5 5.16 5.21 5.13 4.18 2.9 5.6 4 $10 00 G. Sandilands 10 66 J MoDonold 30 00 Ella Martin . 32 00 141 00 Lizzie M. Parker 158 50 8oret Tdlson 48 00 Amelia Ja hnke 114 67 195 38 Caroline Johnson 192 00 148 84 E. J. Ingram 185 20 181 00 150 00 Jennie Kennedy 197 00 Kate Welch 212 00 Cenia Eochon . . . . 191 29 Johanna Quade 198 00 Caroline Olsen . . .. 168 41 Emma Collins 30 00 L. A Johnson 128 00 62 00 133 00 Flora G. Lowry 179 03 E. H. Rice 181 71 Selma Meyer 205 53 Lizzie Harty . 147 20 Magpie Steckman 13 50 Ella Meyers . .. 192 00 Mary McGrail 178 50 M arv Johnson 5 50 Maud Phelps 122 70 Louisa Fiirby 165 60 Elsie Neilson . 180 00 Margt. Durham 166 00 Mary Smith 118 00 91 00 EmmaFrindt 101 83 Mennie Putnam 82 50 37 50 Bertha Kurrasch 21 00 Alvina Kurrasch 51 00 Mattie Martin 156 53 Ethel Robinson 116 25 Josephine Rose 57 00 45 00 Jennie R. Longton 37 :e Alice Tolson 126 13 Cora Flink ia3 34 Mary E. Hitchens 131 17 AnnaPickard 4 00 Hattie Quarterman .30 00 Maggie Crowell 107 00 H. Atherton 82 00 B. 0. Babcock 98 00 B.Burford 91 22 M. Duval 17 50 E. Krutzmacher 33 00 Emma Hellary 99 97 Lena H. Koons 101 74 C. B. Kendall 84 50 Hattie Martin 54 (iO M. A. Rose 92 3:3 102 50 Lou Gardner 79 37 Mary Hillary 95 47 Fannie Jones 89 23 Augusta J ohnson 84 00 Emma Sanfi rd 91 93 Mary Brunette 15 00 M. A. Taiutor 2 50 Anna J. Toler 88 53 Jennie Martin 96 42 Helen Andrews 91 93 AnnaS. Brcwn . . . 76 :» Tennie R. Hliill 39 35 Theresa Rhoule 78 00 Lizzie Maxey 68 OO 248 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. | Amount. Clara Mussen Attendant 3.5 1.3 3.26 2.17 4.17 1.26 1.14 .1 1.3 1 1 .12 .20 .9 .8 .10 12 9.15 7.15 12 12 2 9.29 1.23 8.21 2.27 6.25 6 4.3 .27 ?.I7 .20 6 2.14 3.15 1.5 1.18 1.14 6.1 5.15 1.6 .18 4 •) 7.18 5.16 8.22 2.15 1.3 10-10 2.6 1 7 11 11.20 8.5 5.15 7.8 9.15 6.13 6.5 1 2.14 11.29 5.11 4.3 11.28 1 1 10.24 4.4 9.12 10.3 2.13 .25 S53 83 A. Mead 16 75 Liz zie Egan 64 19 Minnie Andrews 43 63 Mareruretta Meier 68 00 Hattie Baltzell 28 00 Nellie Buftum 22 00 Sarah Morrison 50 Ellen Tippey 16 50 Johanna Block 16 00 Lou Eokel 15 00 M. E. Eastman 6 00 Anna C. Lynger < i 11 :« N. E. Marriott ' ! 4 50 Mary Reynold ' Kite Cool Kite Cha Xur Sea Lau Lau tien help 4 00 Harriet Wood i 4 67 Geo.L. Girard - 6.35 00 Anna C. Lvnger 1.59 50 Hanna Iversou 135 00 Herman Eanun 388 00 Martha Meier hen help 272 OO Harry "Stanley ' ' 36 00 Jas. Depates 225 27 John Biendle ' ' 153 00 Amos Allgair ' ' :33 66 Eliz. Labarge ' ' 107 10 Esther Hell arv ' ' 37 70 Morris Clark 5:^ 34 C. F. Plummer ' ' 132 00 Sarah Pdghtsell • ' 66 50 Mollie Adams • ' 15 66 Henry Rossack ' ' 35 00 Marv Jai'kson • ' 22 40 Henrv Ehrhart ' • 12 00 Aloma Dazens • ■ 78 00 Jennie R. Lougton ' ' 34 53 Mrs. S. N. Reynolds ' ' 54 OO Leona Labarge • ' 12 .8.'? Raehael Tatro ' • 20 80 Jennie Reynolds ' • 19 07 Katie Belz • ' 80 43 Gra'^e Stanley ' ' 74 50 V. Chamberlain • • 15 60 Mary Godfrey • • 9 00 Marv Bennett mbermaid 60 QO Ida Friendt 30 00 Anna Flink ' • 114 00 Mollie Adams • ' 84 60 Marv Buffum ' ' 86 00 Carrie Johnson ' ' 37 50 Sadie Morgan ' ' 16 50 Mary Paulessen se girl 134 34 Ida Magee mstress 39 60 Louisa Furbv 15 00 Mary A. McKeever ' ' 105 00 Lou Eckle • • 165 00 Mary Adams ' ' 175 (X» Melvina Gerard • ' 118 .50 Jennie Henley ' • 82 50 Sarah Morrison ■ . 113 00 Lydia Clift • < 171 00 Mattie \Yelkenson 96 50 Mina Brown ' ' 92 50 Anna C. Lvnger • ' 15 00 Minnie Hall ' • 37 00 Martin Sorrenson ndryman 431 34 Mary Hillary iidry help &5 13 Mollie Adams 53 30 C. L. Harvev • ' 156 13 Alsie Nealson • ' 13 00 Ida Friendt • ' 13 00 Johanna Black ' ' 140 40 NelheHillarv " 1 53 73 Emma Harvey ' ' 122 19 MaryJoul)ert 133 26 Valeria Chamberlain < • 31 6S Anna Flink " 10 83 249 Salaries and Wages — Continued, Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. Mary Meier Laundry help 3.15 7.11 .11 6 3.2 5.4 4.9 4.3 4 1.11 2.23 1.15 .17 .25 .10 12 11.11 12 12 4.1 11.14 6.3 11 1.29 2.3 2.13 1.19 8.16 7.25 7.10 3.10 .15 7.2 6.8 .26 59.18 2.2 1.7 .15 12 12 11.17 5.11 Days. 247 230 224 14394 139 !4 140 64 132^ 8094 86J^2 7594 26 212 51 Months. 11.19 11 .26 11.29 12 11.27 9.17 12 Days. 41.7 Months. 2.4 11.10 5 7.12 6.2( 12 S-i5 50 Maggie Heron 97 02 Grace Stanley ' ' 4 77 R a c h aft I Tat r'o • ' 78 00 Josift Nevew .... ' ' 89 76 Edward Meyer • ' 92 40 Josie Tatro ' ' 55 90 Marv Baitel ' • 53 30 Esther Hillary 56 00 Anna Mikkleson . • • 17 77 Mamie Bogley ' ' 35 97 Mary Koss ' ' 19 71 Eliza flarris ' ' 7 36 Salangc Bernicr ' ' 10 83 Olive S:illdeau . . ... ' ' 4 33 Engineer 1,.'>00 00 S. D. Healev...." Assistant engineer 454 (i7 Ed. Vanwert Fireman 420 00 W. W. Potter . ... .360 00 Thos. German ' ' 121 50 Chas. Grabenstein ' ' 175 00 W. H. Hutchens . . ' ' 383 50 John Coyne ' ' 183 00 Nieh. Gerhard 335 00 J.H.Harris ' • .59 00 J' W. Ranson ' ' 63 00 H(^nry Carroll ' ' 69 17 Thos. Benns ' > 49 50 James Quinlan 256 60 Geo. E. Bowland ' ' 274 17 H. Sonnesak ' ' 267 17 John Bradbury • ' 98 80 A. C. Gray • ' 1 13 John J. Nihil ... • ' 182 00 Joseph Balleau • ' 188 00 Oliver Lucler ' ' 65 OO T. J. Shay ' ' 133 43 S. R. White ' ' 51 67 JohnO'Neil ' ' 30 83 John Roche ' ' 15 50 Sam Schneider Baker 835 00 Chas. Grabenstein 270 00 Gerh'd Paulessen Carpenter 855 00 Geo. Paulessen 1.57 54 J. C. Adams ' ' 161 00 Andrew Boat .. 627 88 ' ' 539 80 J. Schwt^ndel ' ' 48;i 37 J. Margnotte ' ' 288 50 A. .Jensen ' ' 178 50 John I'aulessen ' ' 2S0 50 F.Miller • ' 128 no Louis Richards ' ' 285 00 John Hendricks . . 1(3 50 Frank Davis ' ' 173 00 J. Carboneau. 170 43 F.Donovan ' ' 52 00 P.O'Malley Mason 746 91 J. C. Malloy 113 85 J. Deslauries. Blacksmith 301 7.4 J. P. Ackerman Painter 415 91 John Fathke 554 40 Wm. Gordon Florist 470 00 John Morton Assistant florist 357 00 Aug. Benson Teamster 191 67 M. Brannock 242 00 J. M. Stanley Teaming 125 10 Bam. H. Calkin Teamster Coachman 42 67 Mose Ugrow 315 34 A. Zamel Porter V>b 00 John Keefe 124 00 R. Sitzke < ' 160 00 S.N. Calkin Farmer 1,000 08 250 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, Months. Amount. Anthony Johnson Farm heln 10.15 1.4 10.15 1.12 4.23 10.26 2.17 3.3 2.3 1.15 3.7 5.18 7 3.3 3 2 1 .29 .16 1 .17 .16 .16 »207 00 C. A. Fletcher ' 27 20 Thos. Matheny 207 00 Jacob Pickle 28 00 A. Bohlman 52 86 T.J.Clark 260 80 Wm. Merkle 46 20 C. W. Donovan 58 80 C. F. Pluramer 37 80 Mary Dalrymple 19 93 S. W. Pitzel 77 60 Aug. Ritler 123 20 M. Harmen 35 00 Gertie Calkin 40 30 D . Kruger 72 00 O. C. Shepherd 44 00 John Coyer 20 00 W. H. George 21 27 J.Morgan . . 10 67 Jennie Hulery 13 00 C.L. Pieitz 26 25 H. Frehns 25 20 H. Mohlman 27 00 Total amount of pay-rolls 866,986 16 EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. From October 1, 1885, to September 30, 1886. Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. B. Dewey Sup( Busi Assi Seer Mati Cler Bool Stor Supe Sten Supe Druf Inte: Atte irintendent 12 12 12 10.15 12 4 ]2 12 12 12 11.16 12 12 12 9.29 12 9.10 11.22 4.8 3 8.2 3.27 .13 3.15 11.16 12 12 12.1 7.1 12.2 12.3 11.19 11 12 11.20 8.12 6.3 12 5.30 n.27 «3,000 00 J. C. Burt. ness assistant 1,791 69 H. M. Bannister stant physician 1,,575 00 C. D. Wescott 1.099 99 D.E.Howe ' ' 1,050 07 A. L. Warner ■ • 3m 36 L. H. Prince • ' 1,116 71 H.C. Clarke etary and treasurer •on SOO 04 L. S. Whitney 600 tX) W. M. Whitney k 1, 200 00 G. F. Lovell ikeeper 691 00 W. L. Hoover eoo 00 Thos. Riley ekeeper 450 00 James Bute rvisor 855 00 Wm. Reid ,341 33 Wm. Wells ographer 402 00 L. Harty ;rvisoress 311 53 L.A.Johnson 301 00 Grace Morgan ' • 72 53 Mary Corbus. ' ' 70 00 M. 0. Bunn jgist 269 00 L. Hecktaen 122 00 Chas. Campbell 13 00 T. IVf. Mea.rler "ne . 87 50 R. Brown. . . Qdant 347 00 N. Peterson 411 00 E. Pickles . 411 05 A.Zamel 309 83 R. Lipsett 211 66 A. Pratt . 318 73 W.Gibson ." 356 75 C. C. Breen. 322 46 H. B. Ackley 342 00 R. Armstrong 360 07 H.H.Anderson. 216 93 H. Rahn 160 00 Wm. Alderson 337 00 J. Ayers 104 40 D. L. Batchelor 327 2t 251 Salmies and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. E Bntchelor Attendant .. .- 12 4.12 6.29 12 8.13 3.26 9.28 11.17 11.28 11.11 6.19 6 12 7.20 6.20 1.21 11.18 7.15 10.27 5.23 10.21 12.27 .26 12 .28 12.14 7.19 11.13 8.1 10.10 7 11.28 13 .20 3.29 8.15 11.26 3.25 11.14 6.11 3.22 .22 12 3.9 11.15 11 1.20 11.20 11.25 3 12 5.28 .29 11.14 9 9.4 .29 2.1 7.6 12 5.22 .17 11.23 6 11 3.18 3.9 12.14 10.22 12 7.15 7.7 8.3 11.27 3 12 11.13 11.20 8360 00 H. Brown ' 110 00 W.A.Bailey 189 21 J. P. Buffum 36;^ 00 204 67 H. H Buckman 69 60 G. Beane 274 40 L. R. Cutshaw 3f)l 00 J. Clarke . ... 295 16 W H Crews 318 60 159 27 E. Coutts 154 Oil W. T. Earl 329 54 E. J. Davlor 193 33 E H. Eastmau 170 34 E. Edwards 40 00 C. W. Eastman 328 00 217 83 F. J. Fiirby 348 27 J. G. Fitzhugh . . 152 27 271 67 J. Houston. 343 40 J Hewitt 20 80 354 00 C.C.Miller. 19 20 341 87 A. Harper 178 27 R. J.Hood 315 47 J K. Howes 211 37 C. E. Hawk 285 33 140 00 329 34 347 00 F. Chester 16 00 103 60 222 07 Thos. Kelley 306 53 98 33 P. KarullT 319 74 W.Kirk . ... 162 60 90 40 T. Littlejohn 19 07 A. C. LelHe 314 00 C. M. Lingle 83 40 R.Meyer 296 40 302 00 T. J. Maxey 40 00 •T. W. Musgrave 301 33 H Williams 301 67 C.C. Miller 64 00 C F. Nimmo 355 86 W. W. Newland 172 07 C. A.Potter 23 20 B J. Parry 314 33 H. W.Peinink . 246 00 243 73 F.L.Potter 19 33 40 67 T. Poskett 161 60 318 00 P . Rhodes 152 67 E. A. Rice 19 73 G. Rushby 327 00 158 14 C. L. Ring 281 33 97 80 P. Shulz 78 80 T. A. Smith 374 50 T. Shaw 296 5:3 349 00 T. R. Short ... 189 00 G Sitzka 200 07 A. Sitzka . 215 00 E. Smith :«0 83 E. J.D.Smith .. 58 00 G. Saundeland 286 00 W. E. Toler. 352 73 E.G. Wood 341 73 252 Salaries and ^a^es— Continued. C. W;ilsh (t. Whiteliouse H. White. . G. Weeks. S.R.White.. J. M. Williamson .o.Ziavogel J. Quinlan. R. Sitzlca J.H.Sheldon:;:: H. E. Trowbridge J. Swark.. A. J. VanderhooL •J. Tolson . . A. Boner. . J. Dougherty T.Fisher. 6¥,°?piiougL.... M.M.Crocker.... (t. H. Case. A. Knudson C. Leef . . . E. Mever O. C. Mat'heM's J as. Morgan W.W.Potter.: )y.H. Frith.... H. Fischer ... Del. Morgan C. W. McRill. C. Johnson G. W.Cook . W. Chapman R. Corbiis E. H. Nortliroi J. O'Brien S. F. Slade: O. L. Grey. W.W.Todd:: C. Weerick... J. Meyers . Sarah Folson" Hattie Martin Ella Martin Bessie Burford Helen Atherton Helen Andrews Minnie Andrews' Blanche Babcoek Anna S.Brown Johanna Blaak H. Baltzell.. Nellie Buffuni Maggie Croweli... Margaret Durham Anna Dozans A. Dempsey Lizzie Egan... M. E. Eastman J-iouisa Furby. Emma Friendt Lou Gardner . M. E. Kitchens Emma Hillory Mary Hillory E. J. Ingrani Idalverson '" Hanna Johnson Caroline Johnson Jennie Kenn(>dy C.B.K,.ndan..:.. L. H. Koous T.R. Still .: ■■■■ Lou Eckle . . Augusta Johnson t lora Lowry Anna Linger Selma Meyer Jennie Martin 253 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. ElLa Mf vors Attendant 8.7 11.29 11.27 11.16 1.20 11.15 4.2 7.1.5 12 00 11.23 11.29 1.00 8.7 4.3 11.29 11 5.1.5 4 7.23 11.14 11.16 5.12 7.27 9.17 10.26 4.17 10.18 C.l 7.24 4.20 6.17 5.13 6.19 6.10 6 5.28 6.5 .26 4.14 fi 6 5.29 .20 4.4 4.19 4.6 4.5 4.17 3.10 3.15 4 3.28 2.8 2 12 2;io 2.2 1.6 1.13 2 1.27 1.1] .29 3.4 .10 12 11.26 12 11.27 10.17 11.19 11.18 7.22 8 4 12 8.10 4.29 5.13 $160 .50 M;ittif> Martin 230 34 Marv :M !■( Trail ' ■ 211 10 Nettie McCabe ' ' 218 00 Lizzie Maxev • ' 28 33 Clara Musseii ' ' 203 91 N. E. Marriott ' ' 80 13 Elsie Nielson 120 00 Johanna Quade • ' 192 00 Cenia Roeiion 188 71 Mary Robbins 191 47 Theresa Kheule 24 36 M.A.Rose 143 10 Marv Kevnolds • ' 61 50 Jennie Kuthi-rford ' ' 2:31 13 ' ' 188 67 Emma Sanford 96 00 Marv Smith ' ' 65 00 Bertha stern • ' 141 70 ' ' 212 00 Alice Tolson ' < 221 30 Ellen Tipi>ey ' ' 94 20 Kate Weleh ' ' 1.53 00 Laura MoGee < ' 152 03 Lou Smith ' < 163 00 N.M. Strode ' ' 74 63 Kate Watkins ' ' 177 00 L. G. West ' ' 107 30 L. M. Parker *' _ 156 00 Mary (Morbus 78 53 Julia Saunders ' ' 144 17 M. L. Janner ' ' 89 87 Belle McCabe « ' 116 00 M. J. Mi smer ' < 119 53 Josephine Saunders ' ' 110 80 M. E. Flood ' ' 94 94 Magt,'ie McDonough ' ' 100 67 Josie KiMiiniel • ' 13 87 Laura liumh'v ' ' 71 47 100 00 L. C. Voiles • « 96 00 Cenia Wassink ' • 99 47 L. A.Troxwell ' ' 12 00 Alice Batchelor " 66 13 Ollie Connell ' ' 74 14 Sadie Hall ' ' 67 20 E. L. Williams ' ' 66 66 Loretta Yates ' ' 77 07 Sarah J. Porter ' ' 53 33 E V a B r e w ' ' 60 00 Ellen M. Still ' ' 64 00 Emma Thacker ' > 66 93 ('arrie Kutroff 36 27 Nellie Leet 40 40 Anna M. McGrail 39 33 M. E.Todd ' ' 33 60 C. M. Henman 19 20 A. Meckleson '. 22 93 Verda Sampsel ! 32 00 Emma Walter « ' 31 07 Marv F. March ' ' 21 86 Emily Hultz 15 40 E. G. Sitzka • • 50 13 T. Zitz man ' • 5 3S S. N. Calkin Farmer '. 1, 000 08 T. J. Clark Farm help 310 00 M. Harman 60 00 D. Kruger 286 00 O . C. Shepherd 2:32 24 J. Coyer 262 00 W. H. George 269 20 James Morgan 195 00 Jennie Hulry 69 00 Bertie Halverson 32 00 James Bradbury Engineer 1,.500 00 Douglas Healy Assisstant Engineer 428 17 J. Balleau Fireman ... 359 00 H. Sonnesak 190 17 254 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. John Bradbury Fireman 3.2 12 2.19 5.14 5.12 10.8 9.17 11.17 4.8 10.8 6.8 1.4 8.11 Days. 365 308 294 95 302 126 218 127 Months. 11.26 Days. 307 128 140 147 145 99 Months. 12 12.2 11.16 11 5.29 12.2 12 11.28 11.29 12 4 2.21 12 12 5 6.26 3.19 2.22 4 2.21 1.15 7 4.14 1.8 1 1.8 1.15 1.18 1.3 1.6 .15 .8 1.2 .22 2 .27 .25 .15 .4 .24 5.15 3.19 10.24 12.1 7 12.11 S98 83 John O'Neil 310 00 N . Gerhardt < • 79 00 E. Vanwert • • 191 33 W. W.Potter • • 197 00 W. H. Hutchens : • ' 384 60 J. F. Bowland • • 357 67 J. P. Russell • ' 402 00 J. E. Dougherty ' ' 76 80 H. Sonderland ' < 218 80 J. Fitzgerald " 220 50 J. Mt'Donough • • 26 40 Wm. Fitzgerald • < 292 84 G. Paulessen Carpenter 900 00 George Paulessen 350 50 Andrew Roat • ' 736 26 Julius Spangler • ' 214 88 J. Chabaneau • ' 678 38 J. Schwmale • ' 252 00 A. Jansen • • 455 00 J. Hendrix < < 263 00 Julian Spooner Fireman 388 00 John Paulesson Carpenter 633 00 L. Richards 256 00 F. Davis ' ' 281 00 F. Donovan • ' 294 00 P.O. Malley Mason 508 55 J. C. Malloy 225 01 Wm. Gordon Florist . 540 00 J.Morton Assistant florist 373 00 D. Hackett 358 34 S. H. Calkin Teamster 220 00 M. Brannock 131 27 Sam Schneider Baker 905 00 C . Grabenstein .... 540 00 M. Jackson Center cook 210 80 G. L. Geraad General cook 718 00 H. Ramen 480 00 M. Meier Kitchen help 96 00 J. Depates 65 20 H. Ehart ' ' 229 00 E. Hellary • ' 180 00 C. F. Plummer • • 120 00 C. F.Lesch. .. Farm help 151 81 B. W.Quinlan Fireman 77 80 Almeda Metzler Farm help 22 00 Hugh Hill Assistant engineer 186 00 Gertie Calkin Farm help 36 40 C.Rogers Fireman 52 50 A. Barron Baker help 35 00 M. Carroll Kitchen help 58 07 Thos. Howard .. Farm help 25 33 T. Conklin Fireman 30 00 L. Hatfleld 46 5') G. Cranston . • ' 102 38 N. Gerhardt • ' 44 33 M. Friedhoff Baker help 44 00 J. H.Knaekstell Fireman 21 60 Anna McDonald Fax'm help 6 50 A. Sayler . 4 47 Ella Savler • ' 34 67 C.Anderson • ' 11 70 F. C. Taylor Helper 10 00 F. Adams Attendant 16 20 Farm help 9 10 M. A, Young Attendant 9 00 Clias, Stewart 2 40 C. H. Given ' ' 16 00 M. Meier • ' 71 50 L. Meier .„ ' • 47 23 Mose Ugrow Coachman 319 73 J.p. Ackerman Painter 439 43 315 60 Joe Deslauries Blacksmith 346 26 255 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Time, months. Amount. Aug. Heyerman Mollie Adams Laundry help 12.3 .21 9.8 4.11 1.17 1.9 5.24 6.5 7.8 6.21 6.9 1.6 .15 3.28 4 3.13 2.24 .22 .26 1.1 5.1 3.27 S 12 3.11 4.20 12.11 4.2 11.27 12 8.1 12 11.15 11.1 11.29 9.20 10.27 12 12 10.7 7.1 7.3 5 8 7.4 2.20 12 .28 ^5 09 10 50 Lvdia Cleft Seamstress 166 50 Laundrv help 57 03 Mary Wild Jennie Morgan . Seamstress Laundry help 21 77 18 57 L. Breault Kitchen help 118 94 J.Briendle 135 67 Johanna Black Laundry help 95 57 Ida Ramen 87 03 E. A. Beck 91 90 Lizzie Liffle 15 60 Ella Still 6 50 Grace Stanley 51 13 Ida Eeitz Chambermaid 52 00 H. .\nderson Laundry help 65 80 F. Aubertin Kitchen help 56 00 Ida E.Walter Attendant 11 00 Emilv Hultz 11 27 R. Phymel Laundry help Seamstress 13 44 Dora Jewett 72 87 L. Hellarv Chambermaid 26 00 E. Labarge Kitchen help 50 70 44 75 H. Kossack ' ' 50 50 E. Deslauries • ' 84 00 Marv Paulessen Nurse girl 156 43 C. Betz Table girl 57 17 V. Chamberlain Kitchen help 183 95 Chambermaid 180 00 S. Morgan 126 50 Marv Roi^s '• 163 25 Minnie Hall Seamsti'ess 172 50 Mina Brown , 169 50 Mattie Wilkenson • ' 179 25 • • 144 50 Nellie Hillary • ' 158 37 M. Sorenson C. L. Harvey Laundryman Laundry help 546 16 176 87 136 03 Marv Jiibert • ' 98 94 M. Heron • ' 97 50 R. Tatro • • 64 25 • ' 141 00 M.Baitel • ' 97 50 M. Baglev Kitchen help 35 07 R Harris 156 00 Anna Adams Laundry help 12 13 Total amount of pay-rolls $82, 945 76 CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Fay -roll of Officers and Employes for 1885 and 1886. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. S3, 499 95 S,499 85 l,5iK) 00 i.r-m 00 1,200 (in 1,250 (K) 025 Wt 1.500 00 500 00 500 00 1.200 00 1.200 00 720 0(1 810 00 72 00 54 00 30 00 24 00 36 00 48 00 66 00 48 00 30 00 H. F. Carriel... L.A.Frost J.D.Waller.... T. C. Winslow.. B. F. Beesley .. Geo. E. Myers.. Edward L Fry . S. M.Morton... B. F. Simpson.. H. E. Butler.... E.N. Gilbert ... H.V. D. Nevius Superintendent Assistant physician Secretary and treasurer Clerk Assistant clerk Chaplain 256 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 188,5. 1886. W.N. McElroy Char Orga Matr Apot Sten Wor Sur\ Supe Attei lain §30 00 24 00 ?24 00 E. A. Tanner A. B. Morey 15 00 W. E. Goodwin 30 00 Frank Mitchell ' j 24 00 E. F. Sturtevant nist . . 125 00 100 00 W. H.Jackson 15 40 Eunice Park on. 600 00 87 50 17 00 117 85 66 50 600 00 Wm. K. McLaughlin hecai'y 385 00 C . A. Lawrie Grant Culiiniore - « W. S. Murphy • • H. B. Carriel ' • 151 65 W. 0. Pollard • • 57 30 Nettie Hayden ographer 350 30 E. Peck 535 63 10 00 410 00 312 00 312 OC 312 00 303 00 301 00 300 00 312 00 310 00 298 00- 295 00 306 00 289 00 279 60 286 00 264 00 238 40 212 00 39 20 199 20 116 00 112 80 95 20 58 80 66 40 216 00 35 20 32 00 22 40 587 70 E. A. Crompton eying James B. Gordon rvisor 245 00 Phillip Puvear 260 85 Eobert R. Marshall 312 00 James Egan 312 00 Robert Hegai't v 260 85 John Yeamans 312 00 George LI oy d 332 00 Joseph Vanderhoof 312 00 Green K. Evans 272 40 William 0. Johnson 307 00 James Johnson 307 00 C. C . Evans 59 80 Thomas Moore 312 00 Hans 0. Colby 300 00 Charles Gryder 301 45 Thomas Phelps 299 00 Carl Guhleen 173 00 Isaac M. Brewer 307 00 0. P. Evans Daniel W. Vannatta 342 m Charles Smath 293 00 Edward Martin 262 15 Charles E. Boss 300 00 Oscar Sharp James L. Craven 48 00 Nels Person 144 00 D. M. Brown 119 40 E. W. Dekes 66 80 Carl Bergman 216 00 Clay Moore 24 80 Aug. Hager Strom 205 60 Henry Martin 279 2( John Shen 283 00 G. B. Cox 4 80 104 00 196 00 Henry Krauth George A. Moore 141 60 R. A. Beagle 72 00 Frank C. Smith 116 40 Sidney A. Donaldson 208 00 M. C. Moore 46 40 John O'Brien 48 00 288 55 72 00 Wilham J. Casey J. E. Burroughs Edgar E. Vaughn 113 60 Charles W. Miller ■70 00 11 20 Charles T. Cay wood Lemuel Brewer 219 .60 J. G. Gaz'dner 1 50 9 90 9 60 22 08 11 25 25 00 34 80 120 80 24 00 21 60 J. F. Graham Merton Calkins James G. Fitzhugh Noah Fertress Edward Nolan William Mathers M. G. Clough J. W. Medares J. W. Nelson Arthur Hodgson . 41 20 J.D. Wiles 93 6( P. H. Cowgur 132 0( George A. Woods 216 8t Thos. Carmody 68 00 257 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. 1886. W. W. Marshall Frank M. Beebe Solomon Swan D. L. Hardy W. P. Wade M. G. Thompson. M. H. Cleary Oscar Neece W. S. Prilchett Roe Bander E. B. Krieser P.S.Brison W.P. Miller Simeon Reed Frank Deters L.E. Brauer S, F. Vanderveer J.T.Pervis J. B. Perkins Wm. H.Fisher W. T. Winter Edward Moore M. E. Ellis Jennie MeGee Lizzie MeCoppin ... Hannah Fitzgerald. .Josie Dear R. Waters Althea Haven Anna Dresbaek Anna Palmquist. ... Nellie Kimbur May MeCoy Mary F. Lovejoy .1 osie Faulk Fannie Scobuy Fannie Felton Ida Lnmsden Liiey Blackliurn Libbic M.-Kee Lena Wallsren Ellen Kershaw Fannie DeHass Maggie Weathers. . . Stella Dear Naomio BroAvn Aquilla Coats Cora Cross Minnie Stout HuttieD. Smith .lulia Sinnott Mollie Dotson Emma C. Martine... Ella Sinnott Ida Dunkerson Lyde Borum Ida Green Laura Ward Lavina Eggleston... HattieWithey Emma Baker Sal lie West Ellen Egan Mary DeHass Julia Reyland Kate Hal pin Josie Alexander Maggie Harmon Minnie Foster Dora Price , Jane L. Hallam Cora Austin Sue Wiley Julia Leary Laura Benson , Jessie Randerson. . , Ella Douglas , Maggie Douglas S168 00 169 00 < . 144 00 • • 83 20 • ' 92 80 < < 96 00 • . 119 40 • > 74 00 • • 107 40 ' • 104 00 • • 75 60 • • 56 00 • ' 48 00 ' • 48 00 ' ' 43 20 35 20 • ■ 82 00 < • 25 60 • • 24 00 • • 24 00 < • 8 80 • • 5 20 Supervisoress $3(10 00 228 00 152 00 228 00 228 00 225 00 219 00 221 00 208 00 220 00 201 00 360 00 Attendant 139 35 ■ . 114 00 ' • 76 00 • • 132 05 • < 217 23 • • 228 00 • • 201 00 " 270 00 • • 105 20 25 30 197 00 192 00 190 90 202 00 193 00 130 65 110 40 107 75 113 25 102 95 97 86 32 00 89 (15 91 00 62 40 36 25 54 40 29 85 14 95 24 55 20 15 92 25 119 00 70 80 214 00 • < 194 35 204 00 90 00 " 136 00 ' ' 200 00 • • 90 00 ' • 15 20 • • 121 00 ' ' 89 05 • • 68 00 • ' • • 77 05 ' < 210 00 < • 196 00 • < 77 05 • • 18 10 • • 144 00 • • 84 05 • < 18 10 < • 196 50 • • 102 00 • • < • >• 43 20 • • 54 00 44 32 55 < • 108 W) 101 45 < • • < 41 30 •< 102 00 < • 4.3 30 • • 221 (10 40 55 17 30 85 05 • ' • • •< 130 65 >• 91 75 • < 38 95 < . 105 60 < • 117 00 < • 112 00 <• 95 85 • ■ 112 00 " 110 95 P. C— 17 258 SalarUs and Wa D M - n E n F. rier J- , Ha:::- -,::: -id Xary M -Carthy , Slarv O. Mondr Sarah M. White Sue Bn.">wn Jenni-^ R^.-iTi , D '^ , E a: Jv .::d , C h: A. rii-rvi?:. Peter Johnson , Fr^i Oarl^-n E:- L n M :m L A: K -- A L: _ E-: -5 A .-er F. J E A.v ,in J_ S ^>E A:: ^ - S - M— . ^: /.w;":i":!i: C ^i>erry ii' '" .. A- X F ri: Fr n J E L: E J ^ M -- ^ M A? - A re K F F F M -- L A: V r A - e-ai. A -^ F ^ re w K^. -,,^....-. , f EvaGregsoa Attendant $67 75 96 45 IM) 45 9» 15 (^ 9i SS 50 90 % 36 00 16 00 77 85 69 85 64 00 52 75 42 IS 45 30 2»» 25 16 00 15 45 9 05 5 S5 4 25 Ush«r Ni^t watch 358 vK* ^62 «0 216 00 33W 00 2311 W 117 00 •- 90 00 Porter 1^ 95 8S 00 177 OO 21« W 14 5«» Seamstress — 216 OO ^0 00 192 W • • 133 S5 Mender 193 «> 111 60 les w 174 W 132 50 65 10 Chambermaid. 1€8 00 182 OO ISO 00 9 00 108 5» 1m 16S (to 16S 00 c w VB » 15 90 MS m C5 5» •• 34 «« 11 ■» 7«> 43» W ■* 11 M •• Baker 605 M 439 W 51 «• Cock ■* 4J* W 80» an «» ISP Wt 180 <* 282 W 117 5* 47 55 !«•(• 132 00 295 W S3 36 18* M 19* M 9mm 133 99 165 W •• ;j&4 4)0 aM m •• 9 W •• Uner 29 45 May Fisher lis 05 168 W) 145 60 (» 60 20 55 3 55 85 00 112 00 204 00 154 00 180 00 Fr<' 27 31 r\vafit 52 15 Martin V. Ji.(Jla8gow ' ' 455 75 Aaron S. Kiile • ■ 271 26 W. A. I.ae.y • ■ K(i\v. F. llawley • • 99 20 W. 11. l}c:astal ' • 14 (Ui VV. H. Watkinson ' • 14 65 A. W. Goodriek • ■ 28:1 75 • ' 26 95 A. M. (JpdeKrafT • ' 135 50 J no. Fearon inter Thomas Larye ■.M 60 (!oney Harrejifan Wni. (jraiibn " 3 75 C.A.Smith 2'6 " 3 75 J. Shoat 21i " 3 60 Geo. Sanfort 1% " 2 00 J. Hayes 3 " 4 50 J.S.Stephenson Vi " 2 00 R. Firestone Mi " 2 00 J. M. Fletcher Vi " 2 00 J. Campbell M " 37 E.D.Tucker m •• 2 25 '163 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Term. Amount. J. Eobinson Day labor Wi days $2 00 B.F.Bird. % " 1 00 H.A.Treese 1^6 " 2 25 F.M.BrowTi % " 1 00 T.G.Brown IH " 2 00 J. Berrigan 1 00 J.W. Park (iVl2 " 9 12 J. Bradley 1 ■' 1 50 A. J. Pruitt G " 9 00 D. Piper 2% " 4 00 H. Hart 514 " 7 24 J. Mullins % •' 1 00 P. Hileman 31-^ " 5 00 .T. Kipp iVs " 6 50 F. Hubbs G'12 " 9 87 J. Morris 2^/c " 4 25 H. Davis 2 ' ' 3 00 H. Lasslie 2 " 4 00 T. Manus 414 '• 6 37 E.Davis 1 " 1 50 J A.Grundy 1 " 2 00 C. Drew 2% " 4 00 C. E. McNamee IVj " 2 00 F. W. Durgin IVi " 2 00 R. B. Wliinery 1 " 1 50 F. Taylor 1% " 2 50 W. Casey 2^/0 " 4 25 H.Wilson 1 " 1 50 E. T. Carlile 4^6 " 6 87 A. J. West 1 " 1 50 B. C. Carlile 23^ " 3 25 W E. Richards iVs " 6 50 R. W Carlile 413 " 6 87 C. Shy I " 1 50 J. Coats IH " 2 00 iSYo " 19 75 C F. Grace 15712 " 23 37 J. A. Worthington 1J3 '• 2 00 D.Williams m " 2 00 ]>3 " 2 00 W.E. Ward l>i " 2 00 7H " 11 00 R, Wilmoth \h " 2 00 V,i " 2 00 L. Faulkner 133 " 2 00 M. T. Vick 2=/o " 4 25 T.R.Grace Team labor 3 " 9 00 C. F. Grace 3 '• 9 00 P. Roundtree < ' IJ2 " 4 50 J. Ryan ' ' 514 " 11 65 Total 8281 73 Labor not on Pay Roll from October 1, 1884 to September 30, 1885. Name. No. of days work Price per day. Service. Amount. I. F . Champion 2'^ 20Vio 1214 \% 21 2 1% 40M 10 2 82 50 Upholstering S6 25 John Davis & Co Steam fitter 5 95 C. F. Grace 2 50 Team labor 51 45 Chase &; Smith 4 00 Stone masons 49 00 F. M. Brown 3 00 Mason 5 25 Geo. W. Richards Painting 52 50 J. Zimmerman Threshing 34 47 J. F.Ashley Surve yin g 8 00 A. .1. Pruitt Day labor 44 10 E.D.Case 15 37 E. T. Carlile ' < 15 00 B.C. Carlile " 2 00 264 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. No. of days work Price per day. Service . Amount. W. Roberts 5 5 im 31 24 Day labor 12 .50 J.Persefleld 6 25 T. R. Grace • ' 13 94 T. Manus ' ' 2.5 85 C. W. Siford Minister 1.55 00 J. W. Flint 12,5 00 Total W27 88 SOUTHERN HOSTITAL FOR THE INSANE. Time and term of service of each employe at the Southern Hospital for the Insane, at Anna, and the amount paid to each, for the year end- ing September 30, 1886. Name. Service. Term. Amount. H. Wardner Superintendent First assistant physician . . . Second assistant nhvsician. 1 year «3, 000 00 W.W.Hester l,5ii0 00 L.E. Stocking 1, 299 96 E. A. Finch Cler Stor Engl Matr Drup Sup( Supc Nigt Day Atte k; ■■• 999 96 H. M. Detrich ^keeper neer 900 00 James Norris 949 98 P. Hills on ... 450 00 A. T. Mace rgist 420 00 W. H. Smart 480 00 W.B. Mead jrvisor . . . 540 00 L. M. Holmes rvisoress 360 00 D. M. McNamee t watch 300 00 J.L.Robinson 360 00 F. W. Elbrechter watch 300 00 F. M. Carter adant 309 00 C. A. Gore 294 70 G. T. Peninger 324 00 J. W. Daws 300 00 J. A. McDermott 315 00 J. N. Toler 302 00 Jack Nimmo 307 00 J. D. Maxey 318 00 Thomas Plemon 316 00 G.W.Cook 7 n ly 11 ly Oil lonths 189 00 R. AVilmoth ear 324 00 F. W. Durgin months, 7 days., ear 294 30 J. C. Thompson 309 00 J. S. Stephenson loiitlisfi Havs 230 83 S. A.Carr 8 months, 24 days. . 3 months, 5 days.. 1 year 221 67 C. W.Lewis 85 50 E.N. Tufts 302 00 H. Huhn 10] ly 10 ly In ly 9n ly 9n Tionths 267 00 J. Veach ear 315 00 L. D. Massey 319 00 J. M. Lackey ' 321 OO H. F. Warren ' 318 00 Mark Toler months 269 23 W. A. Wentworth ear 307 00 W. R. Stephenson 294 '10 L. C.Tavlor • 320 00 George Morris lonth, 7 days ear 23 43 A.L.Thompson 288 50 W. Misenhimer 282 00 J. C.Fink lonths, 26 days., ear 220 33 George Hoggins 307 00 Fred. B. Sperry lonths. 22davs . 228 03 D.H. Slack 8 months, 22 days . . 4 months. 22 days . . 226 70 L. Murphy 104 00 J. M. Fletcher 5n 2n 19 ( 2n 1 Q lonths 118 00 J. W. Graney lonths 52 65 J. Wiseman . . lays 12 60 T. MuUins lonths 37 00 A.M. File lonth. 24 days. .. 34 90 M. E. Davis Night watch 8 months, 10 days.. 166 66 265 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Term. Amount. Dora Steers Attendant 1 year $179 50 M.A.Richardson. 168 00 A. Faulkner 8 months, 1 days... 10 months. 6 days .. 8 months 113 80 L. Roberson 149 93 E. Plemon 111 00 M. Steers • 1 year 168 75 Anna Steers 190 00 F. Crippen ::::;::;;;:::::::::: •■ ::::::::::::: 176 00 J. Nugent 11 months, liO days. . 11 months 176 50 'E. E. Brown • 165 Oil M. Divine .. ... 1 year 177 00 I. Wali I 3 months, 10 days .. 1 year 8 months, 6 days ... 1 year 39 3;i Kate Wilcox '. chen 179 50 T. G. Brown 246 00 Ellen Brown ' • 2% 48 M. E. McDermott • • 6 months, 4 days ... 7 months, 14 days . . 1 year 92 00 W. Robinson '• 111 25 L. Coats « < 180 00 John Howell • • 1 month, ."^ days ."i months 13 83 John Landon • < 64 50 John Elms • « 1 month, 15 days . . . 1 year 22 50 D.Leird ' • 169 75 E.T. Massey • • 4 months, 16 days . . 4 months, 15 days . . 1 month. 8 days 3 months 53 17 John Casper < • 57 50 S. Walker • • 17 00 M. Terpinitz • • 33 00 M. Lackey " 4 months, 18 days . . 1 year 60 91 H. Fedderhart leery 480 00 E. C. Finch 180 00 Fritz Horn eineer's denartment 1 month 22 days 10 months 62 00 L. F. Savoie 405 00 C. E. McNamee 1 year 355 00 John Coats 330 00 H. Robinson • ' 330 00 T. Massey ' ' 330 00 R. M. Shinnick 4 months, 24 days .. 3 months, 24 days . . 1 month, 15 days. .. 1 year 134 58 James Brooks 114 00 J. W. Landon Bu Fa teher 45 00 D. R. Lewis rm 820 00 216 00 J. M. Fletcher 7 months 126 00 Wm. Wood 1 year 216 00 L. L. Dillow 5 months, 27 days .. 5 months, 9 days. .. •5 months 106 80 H.Huston 110 50 A. Lanier 103 00 H. Zimmerman 4 months, 20 days .. 25 days 79 00 T.Johnson 12 60 John Alday 3 months . . . 52 00 L. F. Robinson Ca Tr Se Ca Da Ca Se rpenter 1 year 705 10 W. H. Trent 24 }o days 55 12 R. B. Siinson easurer 1 year 450 00 C. Kirkpatrick cretary 9 months 56 25 J. W. Hunsaker rpenter 2 months. . 106 00 J. E. English 26 days 68 50 W. Casey y labor 3 months 99 37 W.Roberts 20J6 months 3 days 30 75 Robert Carlile rpenter 6 75 A. J. Phillips 3retary 1 month .. .. 6 25 Total 837,699 49 Labor on ordinary outside pay-roll for the year ending September 30, 1886. Name. Service. Term. Amount. W.Sharp Da.v labor ' .■>?;( davs S8 62 S. Dillow ' ' 2Vf ' ' 3 37 Geo. Treese b% " 8 62 A. J. West 3U " 6 62 L.D.West 3U " 5 62 W. Manees 2^2 " 3 75 F.Hubbs " m " :::::::::::. 4 12 Joe Dillow b% • ' 8 62 A.J. Pruitt 5 " 7 50 B. Gunter i% " 6 37 J. O. Pruitt i% " 7 12 S. Treese 5 " 7 50 J.Lee 4 " 6 00 G.Davis 3 " 4 50 237 Salaries and WTa^res— Continued. Name. Service. Term. Amount. I B. "Walton Day labor 4 days $6 00 T. K. Grace ' . 3 " 4 50 C.F.Grace 2^ " 3 75 • • 2 " 3 00 K.Henley • ' 2 3 00 J. Fuller " i) < • 3 00 C. Lee • < 2 ' ' 3 00 A. J. Pruitt, Jr ... ' ' 2 " 1 00 T.R.Grace Team labor 3 •' 9 00 C. F. Grace < • 3 •' 9 00 J. E. English Caorpenter 25 " 56 25 Jas. Dickinson 26 " 58 50 R. W. Carlile. 26 " 58 50 J. W. Hunsaker 26 '• 52 00 Chas. O'Neill Plasterer 25 " 87 50 W.Casey Day labor 25 " 35 00 W. Carlile 21 " 26 25 E. Farrer Bricklayer 19?4 " 39 50 C.J. Farrer 10 " 30 00 Total 8576 08 Labor not on pay-roll for year ending September 30, 18S6. Name. Service. Terra. Amount. J. W.Flint Minister 6 months $125 00 C. W.Siford 4 mouths 95 00 W. W. Farris Day labor !'.!!!!"!.;!".'.!![]!! 2 months 40 00 A. J. Prewit 56^4 days 67 69 A. Waldemar 26 00 C.H. Ward Painting Day labor Upholstering Threshing Puting up ice 294 days 12 50 H. Wardner (paid for) ^'> days 50 I. F. Champion ^2 days 1 75 A. Hargrave !?•' days 16 77 F. Roundtree 393 tons at 66c 255 45 Total $640 66 The ordinary pay-rolls (inside) S37,699 49 " " (outside) 576 08 The ordinary on vouchers 040 66 Total $38,916 23 The total on annual report 38.838 03 Difference* . .... srs 20 *For which see explanatory letter. INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB. Salaries and tvages j)aid during the fiscal years 1885, 1886. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. S2,500 00 82,500 00 1,800 00 1,800 00 1,000 UO 1,000 00 1,066 iji 1.066 68 600 00 600 00 800 (X) 800 00 1,066 (« 1.066 67 1,8(10 00 1,800 00 300 00 800 (H» 800 00 •150 00 125 00 Philip G. Gillett... John W. Woods... Frank Reed Annie Morse Lavinia J. Eden . . . Agnes J. Griffith.. Frances Wood Marquis L. Brock Isabella Palmer... Mary L. Martin... Luella J. Getty.... Superintendent . Teacher 268 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Laura C. Sheridan Teacher S960 86 800 00 800 00 380 00 575 00 612 50 612 50 612 50 612 .50 736 11 600 00 912 50 ](i8 85 45(1 00 523 00 5(M) 00 1,800 00 600 00 800 00 800 00 29 17 25 00 212 50 155 00 SI. 066 68 Mary J. Sheridan 800 00 Cornelia S. Goocle • • 800 00 Mary E. 0. Johnson • ' Naomi S. Hiatt • ' AlmaCiillett 662 50 Josephine MiUigan • ' 487 50 Frances F. Wait 662 50 Mary A. ^elby • ' 662 50 Allen L. Waddell 1,100 00 Cynthia J. Luttrell • ' 600 00 T). Webster George ' ' 962 60 Laura B. Richards ' ' Kate A. Getty ' ' ElenorM. Patton 500 00 Mary E. Peek • ' 500 00 J. A. Kennedy • • 1, 800 00 Sarah J. Noyes ' ' 600 00 ManeTowles ' ' 450 00 Louise K. Thompson ' ' 777 78 Fannie Henderson ' ' 712 50 Mary Henderson ' ' 6o4 58 Thos. J. Rogers • ' 262 50 Lueinda R. Gallaher • ' 315 00 Geo. Wing 1,746 20 Cora Gunn ' ' 446 52 R. E. Ritscher ' ■ 33 33 Fannie Filson ' • 20 83 L M. Parkhurst • ' 20 83 Philip J. Hasenstab ' < 25 00 Catherine Bull Matron 600 00 416 65 300 00 108 32 600 00 Ruth A. Sturtevant Assistant matron Ellen S. Berry 225 bb Lavilla Sawyer • ' 500 00 Maggie Hieronymous " 16 66 Frank Hine Clerk 1.200 00 725 00 1, 008 :« 1.200 00 Charles P. Gillett 800 00 Lew. H. Pratt ' • 1,100 00 Frank Gritflth Storekeeper 345 00 A. N. Kellogg Physician 400 00 1,200 00 750 00 1,000 00 1,025 00 300 00 .375 00 300 00 225 00 17 76 17 76 13 33 400 00 Jacob Braun Foreman cabinet shop ' ' shoe shop 1,200 00 J. S. Nimens 750 00 David E. Swales printing otHCv^ farm and garden Supervisor 1,000 00 Abel L. Hay 1, 135 00 Emma Braun 300 00 Geo.G. Wait 104 17 William K. McLaughlin ' ' 82 24 Lavilla Sawyer • ' Ed. S. Sheridan , ' ' 72 24 Philip J. Hasenstab ' ' 383 33 Margaret DeMotte ' < .300 00 M. H. Appleby ' ' 350 00 Jas. Cloud ' ' 16 66 Eleanor Allen Visitors' attendant 225 00 41 66 184 66 184 00 180 66 .33 34 Jane V. Gillett 300 00 Hattie Bobbitt Attendants 166 66 Chrissy Charlston 185 34 Dell Bartoo ' • 178 67 Nellie Hanson ' ' 40 00 Jno. H. Woods Librarian 150 00 136 00 345 33 176 66 91 86 197 62 205 99 150 63 262 66 178 00 90 00 10 00 916 66 425 00 125 00 55 00 13 33 195 00 127 67 150 00 Jno. Henderson Baker Jno. Davis 480 00 Nancy Rutherford Cook Margaret C. Smith ' ' 177 95 Sarah Spann • ' 373 53 Saran Sanders Assistant cook 192 79 368 33 William H. Hicks • < . . 195 33 Albert Purdue • ' • • Thos. J. Cranwell > ■ .1 168 00 William J. Purdue Lou Eley Engineer Assistant engineer 999 99 480 00 William S. McLaughlin Fireman Albert Charlston Ed. Harrigan • • Jas. R. Smith ' • 79 17 Jno. Estague " 1 225 00 269 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Thos. Denson Firema Arehite Watchn Yarcijna Dairym Assista Janitor Janitres Nurse. a W\ 67 Jos. Cns.s.'U &S 33 Geo. A. ]\[i>orf' 48 00 Thos. Waddell 2t 9:«33 480 00 175 00 245 00 375 00 300 00 301 00 ■ i('l.5'.33 35 as 120 00 167 50 45 00 114 10 242 32 950 00 Geo . A. W h( 'eler lan 480 00 William Cuddy . n Chas. Hanson 420 00 Jas. Haddon an 420 00 Christoplu^r Lightfoot at dairyman 120 S3 Samuel Pike 360 00 Norman Nichols W. W. Curry. * * 141 3:^ Geo. Rcilly Clarence Jordan 199 00 Alice Thompson ,s 163 00 Sarah Sanders Mollie Swegman 163 00 237 50 M. A. Campbell 21 40 • ' 37 75 Fred. SI raight Teamst Teamst Hostler Laundr Laundr Domesi Medica Cutting Bricklt Carper Clerica Day la er 249 99 350 00 Richard Hopper er 283 33 Jos. Gambell lOO (10 20 00 n 33 89 33 360 00 240 00 (il 80 139 (50 74 20 23 34 48 00 84 00 66 40 66 00 72 00 134 00 61 40 115 20 36 00 108 (to 124 40 137 20 8 80 27 60 45 20 78 00 76 40 55 60 31 60 39 6( 34 8( 9 2( 22 00 12 ()( 8 8( Clarence Jordan Frank Schraeder .. Jos. Estague 240 00 William Preston . .. yman 360 00 Alice M. Preston ess 230 00 Ellen M. Pelton 164 40 Jennie Pope liizzle Coulton 169 22 Sarah Spann ,1C 80 Ella Peer . .. Lizzie Schwegman Mollie Schwegman 131 60 Fannie Maple Essie Woodall Sarah Mansfield Lena Stagg 1.30 40 Carrie Wilier ton 129 20 Jennie Pope Jessie Dalzell Emma Vertrees 122 80 Nellie Hanson lOS 00 .Anna Cowles 120 80 Fannie Taylor 104 00 Mary Bastow 123 60 Mary Flynn 122 40 119 20 Lonisa Ferguson 48 00 122 40 Kate Welden 117 60 Mattie Samples 43 60 Elizabeth Samples 7 20 46 KO Dr. W.H. H.King 1 services 20 00 Dr. A. E. Prince 30 00 Fred. Stryker i hair 74 70 11 0( 20 12 19 20 Alexander and Wood . lying Jos. Justice W. D. Robinson 165 65 Morton VanHouton iter 427 50 A. B Core 361 25 Henrv Cassell 131 75 J. H. Palmer 1 services 145 00 75 ,51 39 62 2 25 8 5( 5 25 9 OO 10 OO 9 50 7 50 Jas. Moore . borer 157 (i5 168 75 Chas. Dawson . .. . Reuben Skidmore 22 87 Nelson Peterson ... . Darby CotTeo John Dawson 13 10 Robert Berry 6 25 270 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 1885. 1886, Alex. Harrison Day laborer $7 75 9 50 13 50 9 50 9 25 16 15 9 00 13 75 13 33 2 25 1 50 1 35 1 00 1 00 1 50 15 75 4 50 1 50 13 25 11 38 2 75 2 75 2 75 43 74 3 00 3 00 14 12 1 25 3 00 3 00 3 00 4 00 3 00 3 00 2 25 ,1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 T 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 24 00 22 50 12 75 32 88 20 85 3 30 5 24 66 2 04 2 97 1 24 2 70 4 56 35 5 74 1 37 1 32 3 09 6 05 32 34 32 34 25 37 87 35 Peter Naele Peter Ey las 6 50 Geo. Nightengale John M.Padgett 3 50 Fred. Gillett 11 50 Andre w N elson 9 25 Frank Hine, Jr 4 00 Frank Padgett Arthur Woods Irving Woods 3 50 Thos. Lyons Stefan Pianto wski David Wolf Henry Dornbusch John Blue 5 00 Jas. Blue 21 75 Geo. Washington TJlton Bead 10 05 Philip Bead 34 95 Chas. Frank John Vanzandt Fred. Rustmeyer John Cunningham 78 50 Frank Catlin Isam Bead 75 Jesse Bussel 7 75 Frank Wright Ti m Keating Ed. Ryan Emerson Porter John Dunningan Chas. Clark 11 10 Wm.Dunnivan Jas. Mitchell 20 25 Jordan Early John Campbell John Burns William Molton John Bherald J. W. Woods Wade Hampton 1 50 T. Biehardson Chas. Ludwig Nicholas Fuller A. L. Large William Boss '. Chas. Wilson Wm. Core W. J.Smith Ambrose Dannon Chas Cline Chas. Chadwlck Jno. Woodman 105 99 Hugo McKee 18 13 Frank Poff enbarger Clarence Woods Walter Mack Jno. Merrigan 4 75 Jno. DeSilva Chas. Purdue Henry Brown Ozzie Thompson Chick Clement Thos. Moore 2 16 Lloyd Brown Jas. Byan Bertie Bailey Bert Blue 8 55 Jno. O'Connell Chas. Moore Jno. Pike 5 46 Michael Shaw Frank Waddell 16 50 Chas. Rockwell Jno. Delaney, Jr 271 Salaries and Wages — Continu9d. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Fritz Skin ner Day laborer 81 70 16 00 4 45 5 92 12 77 10 20 1 12 3 50 7 50 27 00 9 00 8 25 2 00 24 00 .35 Wrn-Tilton S3 80 Elmer Read 3 99 Clyde Hay 6 00 Thos. Odgen Thos. Strange Jno. White Thos. Troy 11 50 Jno. Henson Henry llevmeyer 4 38 Alfred Curtis Albert Purdue 34 24 Frank Barber Ei<'hard Hopper 15 75 90 38 Jno.D. F. King 23 25 35 25 11 60 Jno. Henderson 4 00 Chas. Nightengale 5 35 5 60 Jno. Campbell 5 50 7 a5 Ed. Emory 5 50 11 00 Oliver Crooks 13 50 2 50 William C. Anderson 2 50 5 50 2 50 1 75 John Hare . 75 3 00 Frank Govea 80 2 00 T. Atwood 75 F. Frann 75 Robt. Stanley ... . 75 75 Thos. Shean 75 Lawrence Delaney 10 50 Antonio Fernandes 96 46 Wm. Bowen 20 25 Christinia Ha^vsan 5 00 Isabella Bowen 7 50 7 50 Drousilla Carmen 6 25 Chas. Johnson 13 50 King Coffman 12 00 George Dakes 2 25 Gus Coffman 7 35 7 20 George Brown 7 20 Abe Freeman 9 00 DavidPike 2 61 Warren Coffman ' 3 75 Jacob Walker 2 88 4:9. 8 00 Haller Higgins 5 63 Chas. Scott 8 25 Geo. A. Moore 9 00 Mabel Stagg 80 AlpheaWelden 80 Annie Marcum 80 80 Maria Watkinson 80 80 H.M.Alexander < 1 80 Emma Alexander < 1 80 C. C. -Alexander 80 Frank Vearia 42 00 Jock Baptists 14 25 3 00 M. L. Hicks 1 00 272 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 188.5. 1886. J. H. Osborn Hanging wall paper 810 .35 9 00 11 25 9 50 20 00 48 00 21 00 3 00 McDonnell & Co S78 50 John Delaney, Sr Labor with team 25 50 A L. Hay John Blue > < • 1 20 25 Jas Blue • ' • • 9 00 Thos. Delanev ' ' • • Patrick shanahan • . •• Oliver Crooks 1 < . < 75 A. M. Fortado ' ' " 6 00 > t •• 4 50 Jos. A ndrews " " k; 00 John Femandes " " 7 00 J. L. McCarty <. << 6 00 Crane Bros.' Manufacturing Co Machinists 30 3 00 Excelsior Iron Works 54 00 Chas. Happy Painting 5 50 Wm. Benson 29 40 Geo. E. Mathews Plumbers 77 50 15 65 Whitehall Fire Clay Co Roofing 20 00 Hart H. Massey Cutting grass 18 00 Total 549,300 84 $53,875 07 Institution for the Education of the Blind, for fiscal year ending September 30, 1885. Name. Service. Amount. F. W. Phillips Superintendent $1,500 00 L J. Phillips Matron 600 00 M. E. Auckland Assistant matron 300 00 Harriet Reed .. ... Teacher, literary department 800 00 Frances McGinnis. 600 00 Elizabeth B. Simpson " " 600 00 Annie H. Martin . > • > • 500 00 Mary H. Burr < 1 1 < 300 00 Lulu Nic hols 150 00 T.l). Nutting Teacher, musical debartment 617 00 Susan A. Draper 700 00 Katie M. Dunimer • • • . 300 00 Annie E. Smith <• " 2J0 00 J. P. Lippincott Treasurer 300 00 W. S. Phillips . Clerk 8n0 00 J.T.Mathers Bookkeeper 50 00 G. A. Hackett 26 65 F. P. Goodnow . ' • 6 65 B. B. Gray Foreman, work shops 850 00 W. H.Smith Assistant foreman, work shops 200 00 Total salaries $9, 440 30 Jas. DeCastro Night watch 5300 00 John Oliver&on Engineer 600 00 Jennie Clark Seamstress 194 50 Mary Sleeter Superintendent's cook 149 75 Mary Northrup 84 25 Mar V Naughtoii Pupils' cook 227 50 Mary Dwyer Assistant pupils' cook 138 57 Katie W^alsh 15 15 Jennie Cunningham Superintendent's dining room Pupils' dining room 156 00 Tina Colson 120 00 Lou Colson 120 00 Belle McCoUum Bo ys' chambermaid 156 00 Olive Dawson 135 00 Ph(phe Brown i i > • 13 00 Mary Yost Pupils' dining room 10 80 Jeannie Kenyon 10 80 Katie Daub Housemaid 156 00 273 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. Amount. Girls' ehambermaid 8150 00 24 65 Hall girl 4 '50 06 85 ' ■ 91 30 • ' 24 85 Laundress 197 60 32 30 Assistant laundress 15 50 1 50 Hattte D. Smith • • 132 00 Hostler 90 33 199 07 Yard man 90 33 209 67 John Floberg Laborer 319 40 Fred Werner 330 17 5 00 Martha S. Conway Usher . 14 50 J. Tabor Mathers Bookkeeper 246 12 Total wages employes 54,862 96 Institution for the Education of the Blind, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1886. Name. Service. Amount. F. W.Phillips Superintendent »1.500 00 L. J. Phillips Matron 600 00 M. E. Au(^kland Assistant Matron 300 00 Harriet Reed Teacher literarv department 118 91 Frances McGinnis 600 00 Annie H. Martin " ' • 600 00 Mary H. Burr > 1 • • 500 00 J. W. Davenport " « • 191 73 Mary Wood Phillips • • • < 400 00 D. S. Blanpied Teacher miscellaneous department Trea.«urer 886 40 Susan A. Draper 450 00 T. D. Nutting 810 00 J. P. Lippincott 300 00 W.S.Phillips Clerk 800 00 F. P. Goodnow Bookkeeper 480 00 B. B. Gray Foreman machine shops 850 00 W\ H.Smith Assistant foreman machine shops 220 00 Total salaries 89,907 04 Night watch Jas. DeCastro 8277 50 Jos. Oliverson 37 50 John Oliverson Engineer 600 00 Jennie Clark Seamstress. 208 50 Mary Sleeter Superintendents' cook 2:M 00 Mary Naughton Pupils' cook 165 75 Katie Walsh Assistant pupils' cook 191 50 Ella Snodgrass 31 50 Jennie Cunningham Superintendents' dining-room . . 156 00 Mary Yost Pupils' dining-room 121 20 Jeannie Keny on 105 00 Annie Mount > < < • 9 86 Mary J. Daly ■ • ' ' 14 50 Laura Breeding 1 • • • 10 29 Katie Dunn ■ > • • 5 25 Belle MeCullom Boys' chambermaid 156 00 Phoebe Brown 150 85 Olive Dawson • • • • 94 a5 Janet Kenyon Girls' 105 00 Lee Borum 10 2<) Christina Faulkner Boys' ' ' 3 57 Katie Halpin Housemaid 10 29 Katie D aub 156 00 P. C— 18 274 Salaries and Wages —Continued.. Name. Service. Amount. Lou Hearle Hall girl S131 70 Elizabeth Lowe 156 00 Hattie Martin ' ' 6 00 Jane Floherp Laundress Assistant laundress 234 OO Mary Lovejov 26 25 Mary Floberg 102 60 Ida Wilkinson ■ > 11 10 08 Henry J. Springer Hostler 135 00 Theodore Simon ' " 200 00 David N. FoPter . . Yardman . 256 78 Jno Floberg Laborer 215 00 Fred. Werner 59 38 .Tno. Peaker • • 33 15 Geo. A. Hackett Clerical labor 7 40 Total wages employes . . $4,428 04 ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN. Pay-roll for the years 1885 and 1886. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Wm. B. Fish Superintendent ?2,ono 00 610 00 800 00 292 92 32,000 00 Sarah M. Steele Matron 720 00 M. Davis Clerk 800 00 Lin a Stryker Assistant to matron •J25 00 Lina Stryker Housekeeper 100 00 E . S . Hunting Seci'etary 228 23 316 12 300 00 291 25 288 44 280 00 412 26 H.McNemar... Housekeeper M.W.Smith Supervisor 300 00 Maggie Higler 300 00 Nellie Blake • ' 300 00 J.K.Bates Storekeeper 300 00 Mate stowe Teacher 38 71 Mate David 40 00 H.L.Chapin < • 300 00 300 00 255 00 255 00 250 00 225 00 2.55 00 225 00 414 19 420 00 25 00 300 00 M. A. Collins • I 300 00 Olive Parker • ' 300 00 Sadie To wnsend • ' 300 00 Maggie H art ' ' 225 00 Bertha Fisher • ' May I. Broga < • 300 00 Ella S. Brown ■ < 180 00 Aaron Worrall • • 360 00 M. Schneider ■ ' 414 92 Ida Thompson ' < 250 00 Addie Blake . .. ' ' 20 00 M. C. Fitzgerald • • 31 45 30 00 250 00 H . E. Beane • • 270 00 E. Lebrun • • 23 94 Fannie Lee • ' 14 00 Sadie Town send Secretary 25 00 50 00 EllaS. Brown 100 00 M.K.Fish ' ' 156 94 E. S. Brown Visitors' attendant 10 32 189 68 14 84 25 16 Ida Thompson M. C. Fitzgerald • < Bessie Rust • • 231 61 J. Streckfuss Teacher 21 77 Ella J. Stratton Housekeeper 83 86 99 00 173 22 144 00 136 00 10 67 103 14 300 00 Marv Beusted Nurse Hattie Avers 162 10 Marv Welch Hall girl 144 00 E.Hartnett.. . E. Hartnett Laundress • 192 00 Kate Noone . Hall girl Kate Noone Attendant 71 70 Kate Noone Diningroom girl 26 50 275 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Fred Rieman Baker $405 00 130 21 140 22 144 00 144 00 144 00 73 95 $480 00 Annie Fink Watch woman Nettie Ki^i nalb Storeroom girl 145 42 Dining-room girl 2 32 Kate Nevlon 142 26 Louisa Worth • ' 141 10 Ellen Noone • ' Attendant 97 32 E. Sehaffenacher Dining-room girl 00 00 13 74 207 74 E. Scliaffenaeher Attendant 134 10 Marv Carlin Cook Marv Carlin Chambermaid 154 00 Marv Carlin Assistant to housekeeper 15 00 Carrie Hartman Attendant 3 29 3 54 190 71 192 00 273X5 170 00 103 00 Sallie Atwell Cook 184 53 Hannah Hartnett Assistant cook 192 00 Laundry man Lizzie Zoeiler Laundress Ella Ryan . ... 18 87 Ella Ryan Nurse 15 00 Annie Hplaine Laundress 120 97 30 00 Annie Splaine Watchman 131 40 A nnie Splaine Attendant 33 10 Clara Bell Seamstress 153 40 170 00 114 00 102 11 Maggie Fitzpatrick Attendant 180 00 Bridget E y an Hall girl 144 00 Minnie McGorry Attendant 168 59 138 19 118 Xi 144 00 91 74 140 11 118 98 240 00 234 00 2ti5 16 236 13 120 00 240 00 63 87 211 22 238 39 184 69 220 00 20 00 .30 00 215 49 20 00 229 51 1,500 00 535 64 480 00 480 00 317 26 600 DO 148 65 411 88 42 39 56 78 5 33 4 50 180 00 138 40 Susie Beazley ' • Bessie Sohan • ' 100 74 Fannie Whlteman . Bell Whiteman Marv Sheltis ' ' Edward Lewis ' ' 34 67 Chas Main Wm. E. Beidel 300 00 Jos. L. Lohmeir • ' 240 00 ' ' Henry Maurer ' • 240 00 John S hay ■ ' John Wilson ' ' Andrew Morse ' ' 228 33 Wm. G. S. Wright '< Jeff. Davis Laborer Jeff. Davis Teamster 231 34 John Gray Mil kman William Yockev Teamster William Yockey Laborer 140 00 Chas. Williams Teamster. 240 00 Wm. Hone Engineer 1 .500 00 John Wilmoth Night fireman 540 00 John Shoiip Day fireman 470 07 A.F. White Supervisor 480 00 Candue Smith Watchman Henry Kratt Cabinetmaker 580 29 John Mason Milkman Lorenz Gaus Shoemaker 431 75 John James Laborer X'red Garber Milkman 6 45 Jacob Breivogel Teamster Georgr Anderson Milkman 85 26 Georgi '■ Ande-rson Attendant 6 77 J. J. Shepherd 85 81 Edward MeCann Laborer 89 77 Henry Meyers Attendant 58 53 Daniel McCann Laborer 5 33 Annie Renetzky Seamstress 78 50 30 00 33 17 63 20 18 10 48 94 Mary Healy Lou HoUoway ' • Leonora King Dining-room girl Ellen Wilson Hall girl Laundress Alice Ryan Attendant 123 73 Alice Rvan INurse 14 50 Lou Holloway [Attendant 3 60 49 50 Rilla Morrison ISeamstress 180 00 276 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Tracy Roreig Hall girl S37 20 ?78 70 65 20 Minnie Dow( lie Attendant 63 80 Marv DeHaas 37 66 Marv DeHaas Storeroom gii'l 17 90 Chas. Kaesebier Attendant 106 67 Fannie DeHaas 34 45 Lizzie Edgel Watchwoman ..' 9 60 Attendant 11 60 Carrie Schaffenacher 4 40 Emma Piatt • • fi 80 Ellen Eitzpatrick Dining-room girl ' 91 71 Annie Carlin Hall girl 13 .55 Mary AVharton Attendant 53 91 2 71 85 94 12 00 66 78 113 55 59 33 74 68 925 21 21 15 00 23 13 12 no 33 68 44 71 40 % 5 03 16 90 19 74 33 23 25 16 35 81 5 00 8 80 6 00 6 00 Maggie Harmon Hattie Lewis :::::::::::::::::;:;;; Hattie Lewis Laundress Attendant 173 23 Nancv E. Smith J.'Henderson 115 48 H. Jaeekel • • H.Jaeckel Watchman 300 00 Mvra King Attendant Acldie Blake Adtlie Blake Attendant teacher 150 00 Kate Grdesic Dining-room girl Kate Grdesic Attendant 144 00 Annie Duginger 57 00 J . E ulf s • • 218 00 Chas. Clark ' ' 237 42 Carrie Biebinger ' • Carrie Biebinger Dining-room girl 13 60 Annie McGorry Attendant 65 77 Jacob Kraft 120 00 • ' 152 90 \lex. Jordan Cook 360 00 Dellis Swan Dining-room girl Attendant 17 20 \nnaDenman 84 39 W . F. Weatherby • ' 240 00 Elizabeth Herela Dining-room girl 45 48 Jennie Edgell Attendant 18 00 Jennie Edgell Seamstress 67 50 R. J. Kelly Watchwoman 46 36 Maggie Griffin Attendant 61 08 Lizzie Ritchie 10 84 Lizzie Ritchie Nurse 101 61 Sister Aurelia 10 (10 Ellen Tvne Attendant 77 20 Ellen Tyne Dining-room girl 1 74 ■Tpnnip rTffiham Nightwateh 66 05 Kate Rvan Attendant 83 07 S. Schaffenacher 20 98 Cli as, Edmonds ' ' 122 23 Geo. Bradford Milkman 129 35 Kate Kellv Attendant 1 96 Elizabeth Breivogel Dining-room girl 143 59 Dr. H. B. Brown Medical sers'ices 364 00 8 00 376 00 J. W. Colhns Lottie Stryker Assistant to matron 48 82 Totals ?22.72S 41 S23.498 40 277 SOLDIERS ORPHANS HOME. List of all persons who have been employed by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home during the two years closing September 30, 1886, showing total amount paid to each person. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Virginia C. Ohr Superintendent 81,500 00 600 00 900 00 960 00 150 00 150 00 693 64 »1, 500 00 Treasurer 600 00 J L While Physician 900 00 ClarlcL. Gill Secretary and clerk 960 00 Ethel Ohr Housekeeper Minnie Ohr 293 33 SueJ.Reid Principal of schools 576 46 (;9 10 Teacher 495 45 295 37 Ida Cri swell 202 80 Cornelia Davis ■ • 495 45 411 77 Mary Koberts ' ' 43 20 • ' 445 45 50 00 495 45 495 45 495 45 427 27 50 00 80 00 141 00 176 00 184 00 64 17 40 00 148 34 98 13 16 00 8 00 • ' 454 97 • ' 454 97 LizzieGill • ' 454 97 Amanda Edmunds 454 97 • • • • 411 77 ■Teacher in calisthenics Seamstress Belle Frost 171 73 Mary Marshall • ' 184 66 • ' 20 00 Hannah McKnight 192 00 ' < 106 67 171 74 • • 8 53 " • 119 47 • • 120 00 ' ' 8 53 • • 68 60 • • 13 33 Katie Edwards Girl's store room 240 00 220 00 12 00 Boy's store room, bath room. Cook 240 66 251 67 50 00 440 00 179 34 109 33 475 33 Amanda Elifritz Cook, ass't and boys bath r'om Cook, ass't and seamstress Cook, assistant 182 87 May Hammond 18 13 24 07 6 93 • ' 78 40 Melvina Carnahan Dining room manager 269 00 293 33 864 00 316 50 240 00 244 55 Rebecca Rose Hospital nurse 360 00 Chris. Schell Engineer Fireman 867 00 Wilhelm Witzke 318 00 Running water pump 147 33 *Peter Frost Running water-pump, and as- 120 00 *John Dekins Watchman 420 00 450 00 90 00 300 00 192 00 192 00 60 00 88 no 142 94 29 33 9 06 420 00 *W N Flower Baker 225 00 Emanuel Grenlich 315 00 Launderer 300 00 Laun dress 192 00 193 12 Boys' bath-room *Rebecca Hines Boys' bath-room and house 174 93 Boys' bath-room 98 67 . . • < • • ■ • 13 33 . . • • 19 60 . ■ • • 13 33 i > . • 8 00 ♦Anna Brown Girl.s' " 220 GO 220 00 278 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Name. Service. 1885. 1886. Nursery 187 46 188 00 32 00 Attendant i89 07 80 00 48 00 88 53 144 00 112 00 44 80 36 27 40 54 6 40 192 00 House servant 192 00 16 00 *Lillie Clark - - 176 00 1 07 16 00 Teamster 300 00 480 00 34 67 110 00 360 00 *Frank Bailer Gardener 480 00 assistant 11 33 ' ' ' ' 32 33 Total $16,639 82 $16,524 93 *In the employ of the Home at the present time— October 1, 1886. CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. Attendance, — Paid for salaries and ivages from October 1, 1884, to September 30, 1886. Service. 1 1885. 1886. 1885 and 1886. Names. Time, mos. Amount. Time, mos. Amount. Time, i mos. Amount. Salaries. E. C. Lawton W.I. Culver Superintendent — Treasurer 12 12 12 5 7J^ 7 $1,000 00 300 0(1 400 00 125 00 112 bO 350 00 12 12 12 $1,000 00 300 00 400 00 24 24 24 5 19 14 24 1 19 5 6»/30 24 3-'8/30 18/30 2ii*/30 3?^ 4^>/3n •■'"/30 l-'/sn 15^30 1 2 16«/30 24 8/3n 7°/30 $2,000 00 600 00 Helen R. Wilson . Matron 800 00 r. H. Beers Clerk 125 00 B F Beyer Notary 112 50 A. N. Sheppard Clerk 12 12 12 600 00 950 00 Total salaries . . . $2,287 50 100 00 300 00 20 00 10 00 310 00 $2,300 00 600 00 300 00 $4,587 50 Wages - Joseph Jones Engineer 2 12 1 12 700 00 Sophia Carlson Nurse 600 00 S. N. Brewer 20 00 C W Thornton ' ' 10 00 Peter Welch Laundryman Attendant 7 5 6^/30 12 - i7.5 66 173 33 li!3 33 240 00 485 00 Peter Welch 173 33 Douglas Wray 123 3;^ Mike Wicks . . Fireman 12 3=«/30 lB/30 7 265 66 78 66 10 66 148 00 505 (to Nellie Patterson First cook 78 66 Mary Kelly 10 66 Jetta Callaghan 6% 2"/w 3^6 143 00 32 00 77 00 291 00 Anna Jones • ' 32 00 Marv Price • ' "^ 77 00 Elvira Ammell Assistant cook 4=/30 -»/30 l=''/30 5 1 58 34 11 75 26 60 70 00 15 00 58 34 11 75 Eva Wilson . . .. 26 60 Maggie Gordon 10^30 148 50 218 50 15 00 Rebecca Chuck 2 4"/30 12 28 00 67 60 180 0( 28 00 Lizzie Kelly Dining-room girl.. 11=V30 12 «/30 167 80 180 00 3 73 235 30 Ida Gilmer 360 00 Maggie Gordon Anna Gordon 3 73 7=/30 107 50 107 50 279 Salaries and Wages — Continued. Service. Chambermaid 1885. 1886. 1885 and 1886. Names. Time, mos. Amount. Time, mos. Amount. Time, mos. Amount. Alice Chapman Addie Smith . ... 21"/30 1 9V.W 1^/30 81^30 l"/30 2/30 37 32 14 00 139 00 7 60 129 00 22 40 2 00 2i"/,w 1 >V'iO 20i»/3o l'»/30 2 421/30 2 4 7 2^'3o 21"/30 »"/30 17 4Vio $.37 33 14 00 Maggie O'Connell... 139 00 Bertha Campbell 7 50 Theresa Oleson Laura Bensley 12 ISO 00 309 00 22 40 Anna Errickson 2 00 Katie Murphy 42/30 2 4 70 50 30 00 18 00 56 00 70 50 Anna Jones 30 00 Hannah Sundberg.. 18 00 Bridget Eail 56 00 Mary Casey Laundress 2"/.W 9''/30 »»/30 5 4Vio 112 00 35 20 134 81 !4 67 75 00 10 25 112 00 Bridget Ganaghty... 35 20 Marv Borsler ' ' 12 180 00 314 81 Lizzie Cook 4 07 Nellie Borsler • • 12 180 00 255 00 C. J. Friske Calcimining 10 25 Total $4,786 20 85,409 66 $10,195 86 Pay-roll of officers and employes of the Illinois State Reform School, from October 1, 1884, to September 30, 1886. Name. Service. Oct., 1884 to Sep. 1885. Oct., 1885 to Sep. 1886. Total. J. D. Seouller J. C. Kalleen C. W. Melntyre Samuel Williams W. B. Grubbs Chas. S. Campbell Chas. B. Mackay A. Fuller L. D. Eastman T. W. Dowrie .1. B. Jones L. A. Atwood John Henning John Henning , U.S.King U.S.King John Gerski John Gerski Otto Christopherson.. M. E. MeDonough James E. Grieve W.W.Powell James Fenton T. W.Coe W. S. Gilraore W. S. Gilmore W.D.Bell Joseph Johnson C. Hercules W.H. Brace F. G. Andrews J. S. Piatt PatMcBride Samuel Hopkins W. M. Murphy P. C Bowen M. H. Smith F.L.Piatt Mrs. L. D. Seouller Miss H. S. Brigham .. Mrs. A. E. C. Williams Mrs. Marion Culver. . . Superintendent $1, 999 94 Assistant superintendent. Teacher and gardner Teacher and clerk 999 90 720 00 600 00 Teacher 83 55 Clerk 130 95 Baker and cook 720 00 Farmer 540 00 Engineer 840 00 Assistant engineer 157 50 110 00 Yardman 100 00 Night guard 120 00 Yardman 20 00 Tailor 360 00 100 65 Teacher.F.B. E Teacher, F.B. W 420 00 420 00 Overseer shoe shop Night guard '. Overseer shoe shop 480 00 175 00 245 00 35 00 Night guard i45 66 19 85 ' ' 416 60 Night guard 280 00 35 00 70 00 • ' 140 00 • ' Night patrol 64 ;{5 350 00 ' ' Matron 499 94 Teacher 300 00 300 00 • 40 00 $1, 999 98 333 33 436 95 600 00 600 00 720 00 540 00 295 00 9 35 420 00 60 00 80 00 60 00 300 00 i40 00 480 00 455 00 420 00 480 00 405 00 70 00 420 00 140 00 280 00 105 00 293 15 499 98 .300 00 300 00 $3, 999 92 1,3.33 29 1,156 95 1,200 00 600 00 83 55 130 95 1, 440 00 1,080 00 1,135 00 166 85 530 00 ■ 140 00 ■ 340 00 ■ 360 00 360 00 580 65 875 00 840 00 960 00 175 00 ■ 745 00 70 00 145 00 19 85 836 60 280 00 35 00 70 00 2S0 00 280 00 W 35 455 00 293 15 999 92 600 00 600 00 40 00 280 Salaries and Wages — Concluded. Name. Service. Oct., 1884 Oct., 1885 to to Sept. 1886 Sept.1886 Total. Mrs. Ellen Peters. .. Mrs. M. A. Eastman. Miss E. Evans Miss Kate Fuller Miss AUie Tindall. .. Mrs. M. E. Bowen. . . Miss Jane Atwood.. Miss May Mclntyre. Mrs. S. B. Grieve . .. Mrs. Clara Babb Laundress Overseer F.B. W. House girl Overseer Boys D. R. House girl Overseer Boys Dorm. Overseer F. B. E CookF.B.E Totals. 240 00 180 00 174 (!0 240 00 180 00 110 00 4 00 7 42 180 00 6 00 147 00 120 00 165 00 ,251 71 120 00 180 00 120 00 180 00 S12,402 74 480 00 360 00 174 00 !• 290 00 4 00 7 42 [ 126 00 327 00 240 00 345 00 S25. 654 45 281 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Abandonment of children in France, 71. Adams county almshouse, 122,227,230. — — jail. 158,2:53. — — Quincy workhouse, 158. Additional powers required by state board, 119. — building at Anna, 37. — — — Elgin, 37. — — — Jacksonville, 38. Admissions to institutions, 210-213. Alden, Lyman P.. 69. Alexander county almshouse, 123,230. — — jail. 158,233. Almshouse keepers, list of, 227. Anecdote of a lunatic, 105. Annual expenses of institutions for twelve years. 26-29. Appendices, 189. Appropriation account, 192. Appropriations by 34th general assembly, 8. — special, how expended, 23. — of 1885, list of, 19-22. — — — balances, 19-22. — ordinary, discussed, 25. — — suggestion to embody all in a single bill, .30. — special, asked by state institutions, 32. — — — — — — discussed. 35-51. Auxiliary visitors, 56,83. Artesian well wanted at Reform Scliool, 35, 51. Average number of inmates for twelve years, 26. — — — — in educational institutions, 14. — — — patients in hospitals for insane, 41. Bakery wanted at Eastern Hospital, 32, 49. Balances due institutions by counties, 198, Blind in almshouses, 230. BUnd, institution, improvements and ex- tensions wanted, 34, 50. — — pay-roll. 272-274. — — refrigerator and store-house, 24. — — special appropriations asked. 34. Boarding-out dependent children. 57,62. Boilers wanted at Central Hospital, 33,49. — — — Eastern Hospital. 33,49. — — — Eye and Ear, .34,49. — — — Feeble-minded. .34,49. Bond county almshouse, 123,227,230. — — jail. 1.59.223. Boone county almshouse, 123,227,230. — — jail. 1.59,223. Brown (jounty almshouse, 123,227,230. — — jail. 160, 2a3, Bureau county almshouse, 124,227,230. — — jail. 160,233. Burr fund, 8. Burton. Henry E., 65. Byers, Dr. A. G., 64. Calhoun county almshouse, 124,227,230. — — jail, 160,233. Carroll county almshouse, 124,227,230. — — jail, 160,2.^3. Cass county almshouse. 124,227,230. — — jail. 161,233. Central Hospital, additional building, 38. — — boilers wanted, 33,49. — — cost of fuel. 44-45. — — dining-room extensions wanted, 33.49. — — Hyatt filter, 23. — — improvements, etc., wanted, 33,50. — — land for, 23. — — pay-roll, 255-260. — — reservoir, 23. — — special appropriations asked, 33. — — store-house wanted, 33,49. Champaign county almshouse, 125,227,2.30. — — jail, 161,2:33. Chapel, kitchen and dining-room at Reform School, 24. Charity, public and private, 76. — state, county and municipal, 77. Chicago house of correction, 163. — industrial school for girls, 79,81. Children, Connecticut system of caring for. 65. 66. — county homes for 64-66. — dependent, boarding-out. 57,62. — home life for homeless, 58, 62, 65, 67, 74, 75, 83 — in almshouses, .52, 54, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66, 230. — — county jails. 233. — — France, abandonment of, 71. — Massachusetts, system of caring for, 54-59. — Michigan, system of caring for, 67-71. — morally abandoned, 72. — New York system of caring for, 59-62. — of the state, 52-84. — Ohio system of caring for, 63-65. — pauper. .53, .57. — Pennsylvania system of caring for. 62, 63. — private institutions for, 60, 61. Children's Aid >Society of Pennsylvania, 62. Christian county almshouse, 125,227,2:30. — — jail, 161, 23:3, Clark county almshouse, 125,227,230. — - jail. 161,233. Classification of items, 25. — — the insane, 95. Classified summary of ordinary expenses, 11,12,13. Clay county almshouse, 126,227,2.30. — — jail, 161,233. Clinton county almshouse. 126,227,230. — - — jail, 162,233. Coles county almshouse, 126,227,230. — — jail, 162,233. Collections from counties, 194,196. —19 282 Comparison of cost. 15, 10. Compulsory trial byjury in lunacy cases, 92. Conditional liberation. .52. Connecticut system of caring for <-hildren, 65. fie. Constitutional prohibition of public support of sectarian schools. 80. — question involved in lunacy commit- ments. 90. Consumption of food per capita, 222-224. Convention of superintendents of children's homes in Ohio. 04. Cook county. Chicago house of correction, 103. — — infirmary. 127,128.227,230. — — — cut of. 128. — — hospital, 127. — — insane asvlum. 118.126.227,230. — — jail. 163,233. Cost of food per capita, 225, 22(). — — maintenance to state at Deaf and Dumb. 18. Cottage for girls wanted at Deaf and Dumb, 34,50. County almshouses. 121-155, 237-232, — — idiots, 3G. — — insane. 36. — homes for chiidrpn. 64-00. — insane asylums of Wisconsin, 78. — jails. lo6-lK5. — — capacity. 233. — — number of cells. 23S. — physicians, list of. 227. Crawford county almshouse, 129,227,230. — — jail, 103.2,3:^. Criminal and non-criminal girls. .8:^. Cumberland county almshouse, 129, 227, 230. — — jail, 103,2:33. Dairy barn at Deaf and Dumb, 23. Days' board to inmates, 214-217. — — — — the basis for average number. — — — patients in hospital for insanf-, 41 Deaf and Dumb, cottage for girls wanted, 34, 50. — — — dairy barn, 30. — — — gymnasium, 2:3. — — — land wanted. 34, 48. — — ~ pay-roll, 207-272. — — — sewer. 23. — — — special appropriations asked, ;«. — mutes m almshouses. 230. Declaration of principles, respecting care children by the state. 74. Definition of idiocy and insanity. 86. DeKalb county almshouse, 129,227 "30 — — jail, 104,23:1 DeWitt county almshouse. 129,227 2:30 - — jail, lf4, 2.33. Dining-room extension wanted at Central Hospital, 34,49. Discharges from institutions for the insane. Distinction between trial and inquest, 91 Districts for the insane, 4(M4 Double purpose of lunacy laws, 88. Docket, special, for lunacy cases, 110. Douglas county almshouse, 129,227 230 — — jail, 164,2:3:;. DuPage county almshouse, 129, 227, 230 — — jail, KU, 233. Eastern Hospital, additional protection against fire, 23. — — bakery wanted, 32, 49. — — boilers wanted, .33, 49. — — cost of fuel, 44,45. — — improvements, etc., wanted, :32,. 5(1 — — land, 2:3. ^ — — pay-roll. 244-255. — — special appropriations asked, 32. Edgai- county almshouse, 130,227,230. — — jail, 10.5,23:!. Edwards county almshouse, 130,227.230. — — jail. 105,2.33. Effingham county almshouse, 130, 227, 230. — — jail, 105,23:3. Electric light, 48. Enfants assistes. 71-74. Erring Women's Refuge, 81. Estimate of ordinary expenses in detail, 31. Eye and Ear Infirmary, boilers wanted, 34, 19 — — — — furniture, 34, 48. — — — — new location suggested, 40. — — — — pay-roll, 278,279. — — — — special appropriations asked, — — — — suggested sale of, 46. False imprisonment in insane hospitals, lo:3. Fayette county almshouse, 1:30,227,230. — — jail. 10.5.2:33. Fay, Miss Katherine A., 03. Feeble-Minded Asylum, boilers wanted, :34, 49. — — — hospital, 24. — — — pay-roll. 274-270. — — — special appropriations asked, 34. Feehanville, 81. Fence, at Elgin, 23. Ferris, .John C. 60. Financial statements for two years, 8, 200-207. — — uniform. 18. Fire, additional protection against, at Elgin. 23. — — — — — Kankakee, 23. Fire-proof doors and walls wanted at Elgin, 32.49. Ford county almshouse, 1.37.227,230. — — jail, 1100,2:3:3. Franklin county:almsliouse, 131,227,230. — — jail, 100. 233. Foster. John N.. 08. Foundlings. 71, 72. Fuel, cost of, at Anna, 44.45. — — — — Elgin, 44,45. — — — — .lacksonville.44,45. — — — — Kankakee, 14.45. Fulton county almshouse, 131, 227, 231. — - jail, 166.233. Gallatin county almshouse, 131,227,231. - — jail. 100.2:33. Giilett, Dr. I'. G.. 11,14,15,18. Greene county^ilmshouse, 132,227,230. - — jail, 167,2.3.3. Grundv county almshouse. 132,227,231. - — jail. 107.2.34. Gymnasium at Deaf and Dumb. 23. Hamilton county almshouse, 1:32,227,231. — — jail, 167.2:34. Hancock county almshouse. 1:33,227,231. — — jail. 107,234. Hardin county almshouse, 133,227,231. — — jail, 167,2.34. Henderson county almshouse, 133,227,231. — — jail, 108,234. Henry county almshouse, 133,227,231. — — jail, 108,234. Home life for homeless chiklren, 58.62, 65, B7. 74,75,83. Hose, truck, and ladder house wanted at Elgin, :32,49. Hospital at Feeble-Minded, 24. Hospitals for insane, enlargement opposed, 37. — — — proposed new, 40. — — — ■ new, district boundaries dis- cussed, 40-44. House of the Good Shepherd, 79, »1. Hyatt filter at Central Hospital, 23. 283 Idiocy, definition of, 80. Idiots in almshouses, 2H0. — increased aecunimodation needed for, ■((>. Illinois industrial sdiool for girls, 7\K Improvements and extensions wanted at the Blind, 34,50. — etc., wanted at Central Hosi)ital,3:3,.50. — - - — Kankakee, 32,50. Improvement of grounds, remarks there