THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
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ELEVENTH BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF STATE COMMISSIONERS
OF
Public Charities
OF THE
STATE OF ILLINOIS,
PRESENTED TO THE GOVERNOR
OCTOBER 1, 181MI.
SPRINGFIELD, ILL.:
H. W. RoKKER, State Peintee axd Bindee.
1890.
'S
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS,
dop, 0^
President.
CHARLES G. TRITSDELL.
( ounnissioiwrs.
J. C. CORBUS, M. I)., Mk.ndota.
Term expires 18H1.
J. L. H. WADSWORTH, M. D.. (bLLiNsviLi.E.
Term expires ]8!>2.
JOHN M. GOILD. MojjNE.
Term expires 1WI8.
r
^ (^HAHLES Vt. TRUSDELL, Chicaoo.
O
/^ Term expires 18!t|.
A. T. KARNES. .M. 1).. BLoo.MiNCiTo.v.
Term expires ISitr..
EHEDERICK HOWARD WINKS. Sprixcifikiji.
fiO(
^^^_-,_
STATE OF ILLINOIS,
Office of Board of Public Chakities,
October 1, 1890.
Hon. Joseph W. Fifer, Governor:
The Board of State Comniissioner>s of Public Charities has the
honor to make to you its Eleventh Biennial, or Twenty-second
Annual Report, as required by law.
We, are, with respect,
Your obedient servants,
CHARLES G. TRUSDELL, President.
J. C. CORBUS, M. D.
J. L. R. WADSWORTH, M. D.
JOHN M. GOULD.
A. T. BARNES, M. 1).
Frederick Howard Wines, Secretary.
CHAPTER I.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
The following stateineut of the transactions and pi-esent finan-
cial condition of the twelve state institutions subject to our in-
spection covers the two vears beginning Julv 1, 1888, and end-
ing June 30, 1890.
These twelve institutions are: (1) The Northern Hospital for
the Insane, at Elgin; (2) the Eastern Hospital for the Insane,
at Kankakee: (8) the Central Hospital for the Insane, at Jack-
sonville: (4) the Southern Hospital for the Insane, at Anna;
(5) the Asylum for Insane Criminals, at Chester; (6) the In-
stitution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, at Jackson-
ville: (7) the Institution for the Education of the Blind, at
Jacksonville: (8) the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, at
Lincoln; (9) the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, at Quincy; (10)
the Soldiers" ()r])hans" Home, at Normal; (11) the Charitable
Eye and Ear Infirmary, at Chicago: and (12) the State Re-
form School, at Pontiac.
The Thirty-Sixth General Assembly created an additional in-
stitution for the insane, entitled "The Illinois Asylum for In-
sane Criminals," to be located upon the grounds of the South-
ern Penitentiary, at Chester: but it is not yet built, and no
money had been drawn from the treasury of the state for this
purpose, on the thirtieth of June, the close of the fiscal vear
1889-90.
The statement which Ave submit shows tlie amount of money
to be accounted for, and the disposition made of it.
Dr.
On the first of July, 1888, there were, in the hands of the
local treasurers of the eleven institutions under our care, cash
balances amounting in the aggregate to .f205,221.17.
In addition to the cash balances in the hands of the local
treasurers, the institutions had to theii- credit, in the state
treasury, unexpended balances of appropriations undrawn, to
the amount of f 1.135,479.43.
8
The Thirty-Sixth General Assembly appropriated for the use
of these institutions the sum of 12,792,767.70, for the two
years, from July 1, 1889, to July 1, 1891.
Besides the income derived from appropriations, the institu-
tions receive a minor income from the proceeds of sales of farm
produce, stock, and manufactured articles, from collections
for clothing, etc., the amount of which, during the past two
years, (including |3, 757.50 derived from the sale of. land by
the Soldiers' Orphans' Home), has been f 164,964. 19, to which
must be added f 9,774.05 received by the Northern Hospital for
the Insane, on account of the "Burr Fund," and |1 79,871.69
received by the State Reform School, on account of work done,
on the public account system, in the shoe-shop of that insti-
tution .
The sum of these items, which is |4,488,078.23, constitutes
the amount to be accounted for in the present report and in
the reports of the institutions herewith transmitted. It is evi-
dent that this amount must have been expended b^^ the insti-
tutions, or remain in the state treasury or in the hands ol the
local treasurers.
The distribution of debits among the several institutions is
as follows :
Cash July 1,
1888.
Appkopbiations.
Other
receipts.
Institution.
1887.
1889.
Total.
Northern Insane
$47,913 32
50,673 54
33.076 79
16,440 59
$li)7.179 37
257,724 70
1.57,735 13
109,094 58
$314,990 00
.537,000 00
411,707 70
343,450 00
50,000 00
228,200 00
107,750 00
180,900 0"
292,000 00
170,618 00
59.5.52 00
96,600 00
825,357 21
42,918 88
26.988 14
23,202 39
$495,439 90
888,317 12
629,507 76
Southern Insane
492,187 56
50,000 00
Deaf and Dumb
10,534 40
575 41
6,186 41
7,475 14
11,564 91
145 08
20,635 58
104,926 12
38,104 77
70,780 29
156,517 95
55,604 05
26,512 47
51,300 00
22,957 72
8,. 551 75
13,873 03
5,548 56
4,768 21
366,618 24
Blind
154,981 93
Feeble-Minded
271,739 73
Soldiers' Home
461,541 65
242,554 97
86,209 ,55
Ileform School
180,444 24
348,979 82
Total
$205,221 17
$1,135,479 43
$2,792,767 70
$354,609 93
$4,488,078 23
Cr.
The cash disbursements by eleven institutions, during the
past two years, were in the aggregate $2,802,182.15.
The amount remaining in the hands of the local treasurers,
June 30, 1890, was .fl90,541.86.
The amount remaining in the state treasury, undrawn, was
11,494,973.68.
The sum of $380.54, appropriated but not drawn, (lapsed),
remained in the state treasury, September 30, 1889.
From the "Burr Fund," belonging to the hospital at Elgin,
f 11,000 was invested in a loan, which, in the statement of dis-
9
bursements above, and in the table below, is included (for con-
venience of statement) with the cash disbursements, but is no
part of the actual expenses liquidated.
The same remark applies to the sum of 1178,487.91) paid out
by the State Reform School on account of expenses incurred in
running' the shoe factory.
The sum of these items is 14,488,078.23, which was the
amount to be accounted for.
The distribution of credits among- the sevei-a.l institutions is
as follows:
Iii-stitutioiis.
Total dis-
bursements
Cash
June 30,1890.
Approp'ns
undrawn.
Lapsed
Sept. 30,1889,
Total.
Northern Insane . .
Eastern Insane . . .
Central Insane
Southern Insane. .
Insane Criminals .
Deaf and Dumb . . .
Blind
Feeble-Minded
Soldiers' Home ...
Soldiers' Orphans.
Eye and Ear
Reform School
Total
^240,344 95
103.751 20
3G«,(;30 14
261,262 87
231,827 76
107,355 33
168,130 14
314,204 85
171,096 04
.54, 103 02
283.475 8"
f34,123 03
26.293 90
19,034 75
24,716 47
27,642 19
405 70
7,474 61
11,836 80
18,947 07
2,936 2f
17,131 08
S220,971 23
258,097 47
243,842 87
206,208 22
50,000 00
107,148 29
47,220 90
95,929 68
135,500 00
52,511 86
29,170 27
48,372 89
12,802,182 15
$190,. 541 86 SI, 494, 973 68
$ 69
174 55
205 30
1495,439 90
888,317 12
629,. 507 76
492, 187 5(;
50,000 00
366,618 24
154,981 93
271,739 73
461,. 541 65
242.. 5.54 97
86.209 .55
348.979 82
«880 54
,488.078 2:3
Further details of these receipts and disbursements will be
found in the tables appended to this report, and in the reports
of the institutions named.
It will, of course, be understood that the figures above given
I'epresent cash receipts and disbursements, and that the actual
expenses during the fiscal years 1888-89 and J 889-90 may have
been more or less than the cash payments, according to the
amount of outstanding debt at the beginning and at the end
of the period. In fact, they were less. The actual expenses in-
curred have been:
Institutions.
Ordinary.
Special.
Total.
Northern Insane
S191,496 85
.517,7.53 86
297.242 07
212.312 15
*i5,012 84
80,4.52 68
ti9,388 07
54,979 89
8236,509 69
.598,206 54
Central Insane
366,630 14
267,292 04
Deaf and Dumb
217,443 12
78,981 17
141,416 90
247,349 47
108,223 .55
49,108 82
105,271 87
24, sis") ,53
29,177 23
26.713 24
5(i,330 98
73,710 19
4.994 20
176,965 10
141,962 65
BliniJ
108.1.58 40
Feeble-Minded
168,130 14
Soldiers' Home
303,680 45
Soldiers' Orphans
181,933 74
54,103 02
Reform School
282,2.36 97
Total . .
»2, 066, 599 83
«642.243 95
S2, 708, 843 78
10
The aoTeement between the statement of cash payments and
that of actual expenses is shown as follows :
Cash payments
Deduct payments on account of—
Burr fund, loaned
Burf fund, expended
Shoe-shop, lleform School
Indebtedness outstanding, July 1, 1888.
Remainder
Add indebtedness outstanding, June 30, 1888
Expenses, (ordinary and special), July 1, 1888, to June
30, 1890
«11,000 00
3,006 09
$ 14,00H 09
173,437 99
49, -150 14
S2. 802, 182 1."
236,894 22
$2,565,287 93
67, 111 77
S2, 632,399 70
Surplus.
To meet the outstanding- indebtedness the institutions
the following cash resources:
had
In the hands of local treasurers.
In state treasury, on call
Tota,l cash assets
Deduct amount of debts.
Cash surplus.
$190,541 86
37,747 60
8228,289 46
67,111 77
$161,177 69
This surplus was divided among them as follows
Northern Insane Hospital
Eastern Insane Hospital
Central Insane Hospital
Southern Insane Hospital
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb..
Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children.
Soldiers' and Sailors' Home
Soldiers' Orphans' Home
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary...
State Reform School
Total
Deduct deficit in Institution for the Blind.
Total surplus June 30, 1890
$25,992 80
16,881 54
32,822 86
■25,164 .57
13,273 97
7,474 61
11.757 00
8,109 37
3.036 26
17,131 08
?16 1,575 06
397 37
$161,177 69
This statement of surplus does not include ledger accounts
(for clothing and incidental expenses of inmates) outstanding
and uncollected.
The surplus in some of the institutions is quite large, and
should be taken into the account, in estimating the appropria-
tions for the ensuing two years.
Classification of Ordinary Expenses.
On pages 12-13 will be found a classified summary of the or-
dinary expenses of the institutions, for each of the two fiscal
years', 1888-89 and 1889-90, by items.
The number of days' board furnished to inmates, from July
1, 1888, to June 30', 1889, was 2,198,708; from July 1, 1889,
11
to June 30, 1890. it was 2,261,618; total, for the two years,
4,460,326.
If the number of daj's" board just stated for each year
separately be divided by 365, the number of days in each year,
the quotient will be the avei-age number of inmates for each
year. And, if the total number of days' board for two years
be divided by 730, we shall have as a quotient the average
number for the entire period. Applyiuji' this rule, the average num-
bei- of inmates of all the institutions under our care, in 1888-
89, was 6,024. In 1889-90, it was 6,196. The average num-
ber for the two years taken together was 6,110.
If the total ordinary expenses for each year, or for the two
years taken together, be divided by the average nundier of in-
mates, the quotient will be the per capita cost. The total or-
dinary expenses in 1888-89 were |1, 081. 773. 59. Dividing this
figure by 6,024, we find the per capita cost for that year to be
fl79.58. Proceeding in a similar manner, the per capita cost
for 1889-90 was |174.56, and for the two years, from July 1.
1888. to June 30, 1890, it avei'aged |177.01 each.
The same process of mathematical reasoning applied to each
item of ex])enditure separately gives the following averages,
(for all the institutions taken togethei'):
Expenses per capita, classified.
1888-89.
1889-90.
Attendance (salaries and wages)..
Food
Clothing, bedding, etc
Laundrv supplies
Fuel
Light
Medicines and medical supplies...
Freight and transpoi-tation
Postage and telegraphing
Books and stationery
Household expenses
Furnituie
Building, repairs, etc
Tools and machinery
Farm, garden, stock and grounds
All other expenses
Total
8{i7 35
%7 79
53 40
48 21
12 44
14 12
1 27
1 05
13 80
12 Ii5
3 29
3 71
2 05
1 92
2 00
3 l(i
72
80
1 03
95
1 31
1 19
3 34
3 37
6 29
4 97
1 27
1 97
6 19
4 97
3 77
3 83
S179 58
S174 .51;
The items of expenditure named are self-explanatory, for the
most part. Under "household goods" are included all articles
usually purchased at a grocery or house-fui-nishing establish-
ment, which can not be properly classified as food or furniture.
The expenditure under the head of "building, repairs, etc.," is
in addition to the special appropriations for this purpose, which
are calculated not per capita but on the basis of valuation of
property to be conserved. Under "farm, garden, stock, and
grounds" are included not only the farm expenses, but pur-
chases of milch cows, moneys expended in making and keeping
up roads and walks, and in the adornment of the ]3remises by
plants and shrul)bery, and the cost of hauling, (with the teams
belonging to the institution), supplies, etc.
12
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14
By reference to page 19 of our last report, it will be seen
that the expenditure for salaries and wages has been slightly
reduced, and that for food somewhat increased, and that for
other items shows a general tendency in the direction of greater
economy in the use of the appropriations, particularly in respect
of building and of farm expenses. The change within ten or
fifteen years has been marked and very satisfactory.
We doubt whether it is safe or wise to push the reduction in
the biennial appro])riations per capita much farther, since we
apprehend that the result of doing so would be to impair the
efficiency of the institutions, and to work a hardship to their
inmates, which certainl}^ is not the wish of the people of Illinois.
If this department of the state government is costing too much,
the only practicable remedy, in our judgment, is a reduction in
the number of beneficiaries, which would simply mean that the
state government refuses to bear the burden resting upon the
people, in consequence of the prevalence of various forms of
human misfortune, and throws it back upon the counties, if the
people directly afflicted are unable to care for their insane in
person. More than four-filths of this entire budget is now for
the care of the insane, and the proportion will be still greater,
when the additions to the existing hospitals ordered by the last
general assembly shall be completed and occupied.
It must be remembered that the institutions have a small in-
come of their own, derived from charges to counties and individ-
uals, for clothing and incidental expenses, and from sale of
manufactured articles or waste material, which slightly reduces
the amount of the appropr-iations required to be made for theii-
maintenance. This petit income, in 1888-89, was .f7(),15G;
in 1889-90, it was $85,050.69. The net cost to the state treas-
ury, for ordinary expenses, in 1888-89, therefore, was $1,005,-
617.59, and the net per capita cost $166.94, or a little less
than forty-five and three-quarter cents per day, or $3.20 per
week. In 1889-90, the net cost was $996,601.05: the net per
capita cost, $160.84; the net weekly cost, $3.08.
For this small charge the inma.tes of the state institutions
receive not only lodging, board, fuel, light, and washing, biit
tuition, medical treatment, and personal care, according to their
individual condition and necessities. No private concern, and no
county board, could furnish so much for so little. The care of
the pauper insane on some of the county farms costs, to be
sure, very much less; but this is because they do not receive
])roper and suitable <-are, which the counties, as a I'ule, are iin-
pi-epared to give them.
Estimate Foii the Next Two Years.
We base our estimate of the appropriations necessary to be
7riade for the ordinary expenses of the eleven institutions under
our charge, for the two fiscal years l)eginning July 1, 1891.
and July 1, 1892. on the expenses incuired heretofore, n;aking
15
allowance for the j2;rowth of the institutious and an increased
number of inmates in some of them. It will, of course, be evi-
dent that the per capita allowance for- different items will vary
in different institutions, according to their respective size, loca-
tion, and character; but we have endeavored to make the
distribution of funds granted as equitable as possible isD all of
them .
The table on page 16 shows all the elements which enter into
the estimate submitted.
Ac<-ording to this estimate, (which does not take into account
the enlargement of three of the state hospitals for the insane)
the total annual ordinary expenses of eleven institutions will be
$1,093,000; the average number of inmates will be 6,400; and
the average per capita cost fl70.78.
We estimate the annual receipts from other sources than the
state treasur^^ at 1 74, 000. These receipts will reduce the cost
to the state and make the net cost |1, 019,000, or .fl59.22 per
capita.
The attention of the legislature is called to the fact that it is
often possible, where an institution has had a favorable year
and accumulated a considerable surplus, to diminish the appro-
priation for tliat institution for the first of the two fiscal years
for which said appropriation is made, without injury to the
institution and with beneht to the state treasury. We do not
advise the application of the whole accumulated surplus in this
way, for two reasons; first, because such action would have
the moral effect of an unjust penalty inflicted for economy and
honesty in the discharge of duty by the trustees and superin-
tendents : and, second, because it is not good |)olicy to requii-e
any of the institutions to sail too close to the wind. A margin
must always be allowed for contingencies, such as a rise in the
general market. The appropriations made in 1891 run until
1893; they do not take effect until after the adjournment of
the legislature ; and a cheese-paring policy would very ]ji-obably
result in a deficiency or in a greater disaster. We wish to pre-
ser^'e the true middle line between undue liberality and foolish
niggardliness.
The surplus, July 1, 1890, in eleven institutions (that is, the
excess of their available rc^sources ovei- their liabilities), was
1161,177.69. On the first of July, 1, 1891, when the new ap-
pi-o]n'iation will take effect, it will probably be fl 50.00. >. It is
our opinion that it will be expedient and safe to diminish the
appiopriations for 1891-2 bv the following amounts: the
Noi-thern Hospital for the Insane, bv $18,000; the Central
Hospital for the Insane, by |28,000; the Southern Hospital
for the Insane, bv |24,000*; the Institution foi' the Deaf and
Dund), by |10,00b; the Asvlum for Feeble-Minded Children, by
$4,000; and the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, by $4,000. These
deductions will l eave none of the state institutions with an
*The surplu.s at Anna has increased during the past year.
16
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o
= l-92, and $94,000 for 1892-^8.
The (gross) ordinary ex])euses of the Institution foi- the Edu-
cation of the Deaf and Dumb, for the past two years, have av-
eraged $108,721.56 each year. Our estinmte for 1891-98 is
$108,000. We deduct $8,000 (\stimated miscellaneous income.
The appropriation recpiired is $100,000 ])er annum, which ad-
mits of caring for 875 pupils, at $288. The number during
the last biennial pei-iod has averaged 864, and the per capita
cost has been $298.88 The sur])lus in the hands of the insti-
tution treasure!', June 80, was $18,278.97. We estimate the
surplus on the thirtieth of June next at $12,000. We therefore
propose an appropriation of but $90,000 for 1891-92, and
$100,000 for 1892-98.
It should be said here that the average number in institu-
tions wh ch have a vacation, as stated by us, is not the aver-
age number during term time, but is obtained by dividing the
19
total number of days" board by the iiumbiM' of days in a calen-
dar year, or in the biennial period. The avera<>;e number of
pupils in this institution, during* the school vear of 1888-89, was
496, and, during- the school year 188i)-90. "it was 4-9(3. The pei-
capita cost, calculated on this average, wns f:2 1.^5:5 for the
first year, and $224.88 for the second.
The (gross) ordinary expenses of the Institution foi- the Hlind,
for the past two veai's, have averaged 189.490.58 each vear.
Our estimate foi- 1891-98 is f 40,000. We deduct |2.000' esti-
mated nnscellaneous income. The a])propriation required is
f 38. 000 per annum, (or the same as two years ago), which ad-
mits of caring for 125 pupils, at f 820. The number during the
last biennial period hus averaged 110. and the ])er capita cost
has been f84().50. The average nund)er. during the school year
of 1888-89, was 152. and. during the school year 1889-90, it was
165. The per capita cost, calcidated on these averages, was
f 245. 52 for the first year, and .f 252. 50 for the second. This
institution has no surplus.
The (gross) ordinary expenses of the Asyhim foi- Feeble-Minded
Children, for the past two years, have averaged f70,708.45
each year. Our estimate for 1891-98 is .f 70.000. We deduct
$4,000 estimated miscellaneous income. The ap|)ro})riation re-
quired is 166.000 per annum, (or the same as two years ago),
which admits of caring for 425 pupils, at $164.70. The num-
ber, during- the past biennial period, has averaged 896. and the
per capita cost has been $178.58. The aserage number, during
the school year of 1888-89, was 467: and. during the school
year of 1889-90, it was 509. The pei- capita cost, calculated
on these aveiages, was $146.91 for the first year, and $143.04
for the second. The surplus in the hands of the institution treas-
urer, June 80. was $7,474.61, and we estimate the surplus on
the thirtieth of June next, at $7,000. We therefore propose an
appropriation of $62,000 for 1891-92, and $66,000 for 1892-98.
The (gross) ordinary expenses of the Soldiei's" and Sailoj-s'
Home, for the past two years, have averaged $128,674.73 each
year. Our estimate for 1891-93 is $125,000. This institution
has no miscellaneous income. The appropriation re(]uired.
therefore, is $125,000 per annum, (or $5,000 less than two years
ago), which adndts of <*aring- foi- 800 soldiers, at $15().25. The
number during the last biennial period has averaged 721. and the
per cai)ita cost has been $171.53. After deducting the amounts
paid by the United States into the state treasury, on account
of this institution, the soldiers. cared foi- at (iuincy have cost
the state of Illinois, during the two years ending June 80.
1890, only $95.72 per capita, per annum.
The (gross) ordinary ex7)enses of the Soldiers" ()r])liai]s" Home,
for the past two vears. have averaged $54,111.77 each vear.
Our estimate for 1891-93 is $:.4,000. This institution has no
miscellaneous income. The appropriation requir<>d is $54,000
per annum, (or $4,000 more than two years ago), which ad-
20
iiiits of caring for 825 orphans, at .fl66.1o. The number dur-
ing the last biennial period has averaged 328, and the per
capita cost has been .fl60.18. The average number for the
school term of 1888-89 was 449. and for the school term of
188V)-90 it was 400. The per capita cost, calculated on these
averages, was 1113.50 for the first year, and f 182.25 for the
second. The surplus in the hands of the institution treasurer,
June 30, wns f8,109 39. AVe estimate the surplus on the thir-
tieth of June next, at f 5,000. We therefore propose an appro-
priation of 150,000 for 1891-92, and 154,000 for 1892-93.
The (gross) ordinary expenses of the Charitable Eye and Ear
Infirmary, for the past two years, have averaged $24,554.41
each year! Our estimate for 1891-93 is 126,000. This institu-
tion has no miscellaneous income. The appropriation required,
therefore, is $20, 000 per annum, or f 1,000 less than two years
ago, which admits of caring for 156 house patients, at flGO.
The number, during the last biennial period, has avQragfed 138,
and the per capita cost has been $178.40.
The (gross) ordinary expenses of the State Reform School, for
the past two vears, have averaged $52,635.93 each A^ear. Our
estimate for 1891-93 is $60,000. The reason for this estimate
is the increase in the number of inmates from year to yeai-.
This institution has an income from earnings of the shoe-shop,
which we estimate at $4,000. The appropriation required,
therefore, is $56,000 per annum, or $10,000 more than two
years ago, which admits of caring for 400 inmates, at $150.
The number, during the last biennial period, has averaged 339.
and the per capita cost has been $156.00. The surplus (on
ordinarv expense account) in the hands of the institution treas-
urer, June 30, was $9,838.12. We estimate that this surplus
will disappear in the coui-se of the ensuing twelve months.
The house of I'epresentatives. by a resolution adopted June
1, 1887, instructed us to submit with our last report the draft
of a bill for an act making appropriations for the ordinary ex-
penses of each and all of the institutions included under our
jurisdiction, from the 1st of July, 1889, to the 30th of June,
1891. We did so, and the result was so satisfactory to the
Thirty-Sixth (leneral Assembly, that we submit a. similar bill
in the present report, with which the legislature will of course
do what it pleases — adopt it. with or without amendment, or
return to the foi-mer practice of sepai'ate bills foi' the several
institutions.
The first and second sections of the bill which we have drawn
covei- the a])])ropriations discussed in the preceding pages.
But the last general assembly made appropriations for the
enlargement of the hospitals for the insane at Elgin, Jackson-
ville, and Anna, allowing to each of them $120,000, which was
declared in the act to be 'in full for the erection, completion,
furnishing, heating, lighting, and preparing for use and occu-
21
pancy, at t^ach of the hospitals named, by not less than three
huudrtMl patients, together with the necessary offioers, attend-
ants, and employes for their proper care."' It also appropi-i-
ated .f40,000 for an additional biiildino- for cnistodial eases of
idiocy at Lincoln, ami f 50,000 for the erecti(m of building-s and
purchase of furjiiture and fixtures foj- the Illinois Asylum for In-
sane (criminals, "for the care and accommodation of one' hun-
dred and fifty patients, with the usual pro]>()i-ti()n oi officers
and employes." We do not suppose that this criminal insane
asylum will be occupied, to its maximum capacity, during the
coming two years, but advise and recommend that provision be
made iov the care of one hundred patients at Chester, or one
thousand additional insane patients in all. The a])propriations
to be made for the care of these thousand insane patients and
one hundi-ed custodial idiots are included in the third section of
oui" bill, which we now desire to explain and justify.
At first sight, it might seem that if the per capita cost at
each of the insane hospitals is known, all that is necessary is to
multiply that cost by three hundi-ed, and increase the annual
appropriation by that amount. But, in fact, these additional
patients should cost less for their support and care than the
average expense incurred for maintaining the ])atients ali-eady
in the hospitals, since there are some items of expense whi(;h
are not materially affected by the enlargement. These items,
according to a calculation we have made, constitute about a
tenth of the whole cost of support. The whole annual cost of
support in the hospitals for the insane avei-ages about 1140 per
capita, and we think that an allowance of !il2r) in addition foi*
each of the three hundred additional patients will be sufficient,
or 137,500 to each of the three hospitals named.
We make the same allowance foi- the cavo of tli(> custodial
idiots.
The appropriation for the first two years to tJH! .\sylnm for
Insane Criminals, at Chester, ought to be very liberal. .Ml experi-
ence has shown that the per capita cost in institutions newly
opened is greater than the average. We recommend an allow-
ance of f25() ])ei- annum, for each of one hnndred patients, or
125,000.
The fourth and fifth sections of oui* bill relate to the extraor-
dinary re])airs and improvements on the j)ro])erty of the state
held by these institutions, and to the keeping u]i of libraries
for the use of those residing in th(^m, (Mther as officeis, employes,
or inmates. The amounts named correspond clos*)
4,807 83
9,172 52
8,394 66
10,031 61
9,249 22
9.048 451
10,424 78
10,165 98
11,524 83
13,lMiO 44
10,682 87
11,283 57
11,918 82
81,4:?S.627 11 8147.753 48
834.813 23
44,932 94
49,:»1 07
75,232 .58
73.549 0:J
84.. 596 04
78.. -.20 84
88,931 .55
94,944 90
92.264 42
99,331 85
100.444 08
108.042 00
76.829 34
97..5;W 16
91,579 60
51, 2**0.873 63
148
204
246
394
466
498
498
493
.526
.576
636
f>55
646
630
(UO
612
8315 22
2.50 05
231 48
203 15
177 (W
186 64
177 83
ISHt 18
197 .57
178 181
172 29 1
170 99 I
187 61;
185 35I
170 05'
169 07 i
8287 76
220 26
200 5;i
i;h> 94
157 83
169 87
1.57 67
ISO ;59
180 .50
160 18
15(; 18
153 35
167 38
162 72
152 41
149 60
493
8185
8167 39
26
Institution for the Education of the Beat and Dumb.
Gross
ordinary
expenses.
Income
not from
state.
Cost
to state.
Pek Capita Cost.
Year.
Gross.
Net.
1875
:$55,260 80
79,805 53
77,804 92
87,774 33
82,723 73
88,124 61
96,776 55
94,651 73
102,180 97
100.067 72
105,242 76
107,950 59
105,977 49
82,828 01
105,915 80
111,527 32
S;8,97] 15
4,193 15
4,974 47
8,242 04
5,121 83
12,369 82
9,519 16
9,391 83
9,3.52 08
10,137 51
9,640 .51
8,741 00
8,879 40
10,315 30
9,712 81
13,244 91
»46,2S9 71
75,612 38
72,830 45
79,532 29
77,598 90
75,754 79
87,257 39
85,259 90
92,828 89
98.930 21
95,602 25
99,209 59
97,098 09
72,512 71
96,202 99
98,282 41
219
257
263
304
301
307
359
340
374
368
369
373
362
467
365
364
1302 80
310 53
295 88
286 84
274 91
286 67
269 58
278 56
273 55
271 83
285 37
289 52
292 57
236 23
290 47
306 29
$261 84
1876
294 21
1877
276 (t2
1878
261 62
1879...
257 80
1880
2.52 77
1881
243 06
1882
250 77
1883
248 21
1884
244 38
1885
259 08
1886
265 97
1887
1888
268 00
206 81
1889
263 84
1890
269 92
Total
$1,484,612 92
»142,809 97
3:1,341,802 95
a36
«281 24
??253 93
Institution for the Education of the Blind, at Jacksonville.
1875
«24,763 77
$1,292 15
S23,471 62
62
S479 29
$458 46
1876
25,730 15
1,749 25
23,980 90
55
467 82
430 02
1877
2t,979 22
1,280 30
23,698 92
57
438 18
415 78
1878
27,779 31
2.220 04
25,559 27
72
385 82
354 99
1879
27,913 51
1,697 54
26,215 97
75
370 84
349 55
1880 •.
25,599 61
1,497 91
24,101 70
78
325 77
»2l 82
1881
28,348 73
1,323 67
27,025 16
77
369 94
3.50 98
1882
25,447 01
2,582 93
22,864 08
64
400 49
357 25
1883
27,852 0(i
1,627 21
20,224 85
79
352 53
331 %
1884 !
31,157 69
1,966 82
29,190 87
93
334 88
313 86
1885
33,388 69
1,826 24
31,562 45
98
&39 52
325 13
1886
33,583 47
3,895 76
29,687 71
109
307 65
272 37
1887
39,709 80
3,091 67
36,618 13
124
320 40
295 45
1888
26,445 5
3,274 71
23,170 <4
146
241 03
211 19
1889
37,318 70
41,662 47
4.652 80
3,898 95
32,665 90
37,763 52
111
121
3a5 78
345 21
293 92
1890
312 15
Total
$481,679 54
S37,877 85
W43,801 69
88
$348 66
»321 06
Asylum for Feehle-Minded ('hildren, at Lincoln.
1875
$20,901 76
28,812 87
$2,423 01
2,630 56
$18,478 75
26,182 31
81
80
m>9 65
360 16
$279 74
1876
327 28
1877
31,639 52
.53,062 88
2,140 14
3,686 80
29,499 38
49,376 08
77
168
410 90
315 35
383 11
1878
293 91
1879
47,381 69
2,816 66
44,565 03
224
210 97
198 95
1880
.59,. 502 70
5,132 65
54,370 05
274
217 57
198 42
1881
.56,710 94
6,383 79
.50,327 15
286
198 21
175 97
1882
(i3,284 23
7,885 66
55,398 57
279
226 69
198 56
188:^
61,7fi2 06
6,271 96
55,510 10
293
210 74
188 70
1884
54,372 82
4,817 29
49,555 53
292
186 41
169 71
1885
61,306 37
3,766 55
.57,539 82
312
196 38
184 42
1886
65,600 72
4,115 33
61,485 39
341
192 33
180 31
1887
66,961 61
4,456 87
62,504 64
362
185 08
172 76
1888
51,292 42
68,607 07
72,809 83
5,046 69
7,547 96
6,325 08
46,245 83
61,0,59 12
66,484 75
387
382
410
176 95
179 75
177 49
159 53
1889
159 97
1890
162 07
Total
8864,029 39
$75,436 89
$788,. 582 50
266
$208 59
$199 11
27
Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, cit Quincy.
Yeak.
1887.
1889.
1890.
Gross
ordinary
expenses.
»(i9,085 271
73,258 02
121.774 05
125,575 42,
Total if389.692 7(i
Income
not from
state.
S238 19;
1,041 411
3,533 731
2,014 83
Cost
tn state.
■ ()8.847 08
72,21G 61
118,240 32,
123,560 59;
270
480
653
789
;i,828 161 S382,864 60; 553
Peb Capita Cost.
Gross.
I
$255 93!
203 81 i
186 39
159 24
$1SS 92
Net.
$255 05
200 93
180 98
15G 68
1185 65
Soldifi-K' Or})hnns Home, nt Normal.
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
1880..
1881 . .
1882..
1883..
1881..
1885..
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
Total »754,913 17
143,
46,
42.
44,
41,
47,
43,
45,
45.
54,
50,
.52
49
38,
.50
54
426
776
498
890
859
533
461
848
071
077
537
,694
687
813
960
088
$463 12
681 79
84 26
738 921
237 221
1,233 66
664 96 I
321 58
353 16
428 10
157 62
382 72
653 41
237 47
549 68
4(;0 83
^,658 50
$42,963 31
46,094 93
42,414 .571
44,151 431
41,622 57 j
46,300 00,
42,796 .561
45,526 96;
44,708 77 1
.53,649 75 1
50,380 061
.52,311 .501
49,034 20
38,576 24
.50, 110 40
53.628 14
*747,254 67
297
310
275
291
302
308
301
266
273
317
328
326
341
359
344
313
309
S175 45
150 89
1.54 54
154 56
138 78
154 33
144 50
172 07
165 07
170 .58
153 83
161 .56
145 88
144 21
148 33
172 58
$156 30
$153 70
148 70
154 50
151 72
137 82
1.50 32
142 18
171 15
163 77
169 24
153 60
160 43
143 96
143 33
146 73
171 11
«154 72
f'Iniritrihle live :ind Env Infirmary, at Cliica.go.
1^75 ; St,38(i 45
iB7(i i 12,653 51
1877 12,840 40
1878 ' 18,478 23
1879 ■.:: I 1-.,7S5 97|
isSO .' 15,624 92
ii:::::::;:::::::::...! ]^^^^\
1882 I l^'^'^'l "^\
I8«.0 28
.52,073 74
48,402 66
40,023 93
$5,388 33
3,325 34
3,494 31
5,208 56
5,625 59
4,009 67
3,230 .56
4.476 35
6,434 00
9,672 55
8,533 42
10,247 85
7.733 84
97 M
$19,7.56 61
26,077 46
27.088 .59
29,338 11
29,172 42
30,147 99
29,244 41
29,330 .54
35,747 01
36,910 25
40,916 86
41,825 89
40,668 82
39,996 64
52,160 00
52,539 32
178
180
164
182
183
190
197
229
285
308
323
.312
304
324
318
359
$169 51
163 45
186 48
189 81
190 42
164 23
184 89
147 63
148 02
151 03
153 18
166 93
158 99
164 92
165 00
147 00
$139 24
144 89
165 17
161 20
1876
1877
1878
1879
1.59 41
158 67
148 45
128 08
125 43
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
119 84
1885
126 68
134 06
1886
1887
133 .59
1888
164 81
1889
52,429 75 269 75
.52,842 12 302 80
164 15
1890
146 16
Total
1638,901 23
877,980 21
$560,920 92
262
$162 03
$142 44
Ele veil Institutions — Consolidated.
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
i882
1883
1884
1885
1886 ....
1887
1888
1889
1890
Total
488
482
557
551
617
655
687
714
741
864
960
1,014
808
1,081
1,081
,998 79
,7H1 01
,071 39
558 001
,214 66
,075 95
,861 79
155 81
421 85
,040 90
,329 12
,705 63
018 40
,550 12
,773 59
651 74
11,680,218 75
$52,026 29
65.019 45
.51,940 72
44,450 03
43,498 90
.53,877 25
.58,694 99
66,169 63
62,552 33
68,473 31
65,137 .57
93,010 27
78,739 27
68.025 45
76,156 00
85,050 69
$321,
424,
430,
.513,
507,
563,
.597,
620,
651,
672,
799,
867,
9*5,
740,
1,005,
996,
972 50
771 56
130 67
107 ii7
715 76
198 70
166 80
986 18
869 52
567 59
191 55
695 36
279 13
524 67
617 59
601 05
,031,822 15 810,648,396 60 3,786
1,795
2,064
2,074
2,482
2,707
2,926
3,135
3,209
3.471
3,702
4,444
5,093
5,230
5,930
6,024
6,196
$250 02
237 16
231 78
224 37
202 75
210 88
209 21
214 15
205 81
200 06
193 71
188 64
180 66
181 81
179 58
174 56
$197 70
$215 25
205 80
207 39
206 85
187 56
192 48
190 48
193 50
187 80
181 68
179 85
170 37
165 65
166 52
166 94
160 84
$180 18
The first patient was received by the Northern Hospital for
the Insane, April 3, 1(S72. The south wing- was completed in
July, 1874, but stood empty until after the general assembly,
in 1875, had made an appropriation for the maintenance of
the patients who wei'e to occupy it. Dr. E. A. Kilbourne was
elected superintendent, in September, 1871, and died, February
27, 1890. He was succeeded by Dr. Henry J. Brooks, the pres-
ent superintendent. The capacity' of this institution will be in-
creased by three hundred, so soon as the additional building,
now in course of construction, shall have been completed.
The first appropriation of two hundred thousand dollars for
the construction of the Eastern Hospital for the Insane was
made in 1877. Dr. Richard S. Dewey w^as elected superintend-
ent, June 13, 1879, and entered upon the discharge of his duties
July 1. He has been in charge of the institution ever since.
One section of the north wing was delivered to the trustees by
the contractor, Septembei" 22, 1879, and the first patients were
29
admitted, December 4. No additious have been made to the
capacity of the institution since 1886. As is well known, this
hospital is constrncted on a different plan from any other in
this state, and it is the first of its class in the world. It is on
the detached ward or village s^'stera, has attracted great at-
tention at home and abroad, and has been imitated in a num-
ber of states. The table printed above shows that the apprehen-
sion of its friends and the charge brought bj' its enemies, that
it would prove a more expensive system, in practice, than the
corridor or Kirkbride plan, is without foundation. Taking the
whole period of its existence into the account, the net annual cost
to the people of this state has been $150.34 per capita, while
at Jacksonville it has been |163.69; at Anna, |167.3i); and at
Elgin, 1185.42. During the last fiscal year, the net per capita
cost at Elgin was |1 58.82: at Anna, |149.60; a,t Jacksonville.
1149.23; but at Kankakee, only |138.90.
Dr. H. F. Carriel was elected superintendent of the Central
Hospital for the Insane in 1870, and still holds that position,
having filled it for twenty years. With his advent, a period of
building, improvement and alteration in consti'uction began,
which has not yet come to an end. In 1883, the general as-
sembly made an appropriation of one hundred and thirty-five
thousand dollars for the erection of an additional building for
the accommodation of three hundred patients; and in 1885, it
made a further appropriation for their maintenance. The addi-
tional building for three hundred patients, authorized by the
last general assembly, is now^ in process of construction, and,
when completed, the capacity of the hospital will be augmented
by three hundred patients.
The north wing of the Southern Hospital for the Insane was
opened for the reception of patients, December 15, 1878. One
floor of this wing was, at first, occupied by officers and em-
ployes. The center building was completed and occupied in
January, 1870, when the whole of the north wing was given up
to ])atients. The south wing was delivered to the trustees, No-
vember 8, 1877. On the 19th of April, 1881, the north wing
was wholly destroyed by fire. Temporary wooden barracks
were erected for the accommodation of the patients, and the
wing was at once rebuilt. The barracks were afterward im-
proved, and have been retained au'l in u;e ever sincp, thus in-
ci-easing somewhat the capacity of the institution. The first
superintendent. Dr. A. T. Barnes, w^as elected September 23,
1873, and resigned the superintendency in July, 1878. Dr.
Horace Wardner was appointed his successor, August 6, and
took charge of the institution during the month of September.
He resigned in October, 1889, to take effect in January, 1890,
and Dr. E. B. Elrod was chosen to succeed him.
Dr. Phillip G. Gillett has been superintendent of the Institu-
tion for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb since 1850. The
institution has grown in size and capacity by degrees. The
30
school-rooms were formerly iu the main building, but, in 1876.
the new school building was completed, and the school-rooms
«-onverted into dormitories. In 1880, an old barn was con-
verted into a cottage for boys, and in 1888, a new cottage was
erected for girls.
Rev. F. W. Phillips, D. I)., was elected superintendent of the
institution for the Education of the Blind, August 21, 1874. He
died, January 17, 1888, and was succeeded by his sou, Mr. William
S. Phillips, who held the position for two 3^ears, when the trustees
elected Mr. Frank H. Hall superintendent; he assumed the du-
ties of the office July 1, 1890. The building originally occu-
pied by this institution were destroyed by fire, April 20, 1869.
The west wing was erected the same year. Tlie central build-
ing was erected in 1874, and the east wing in 1882. The new
cottage for girls has been built during the present year.
In 1875, the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children was still at
Jacksonville, under the charge of Dr. C. T. Wilbur, who had
been the superintendent since September, 186'). The commis-
sioners appointed, under the act of 1875, to select a new loca-
tion, purchased a ti-act of land in Lincoln, and the new build-
ings were completed and ready for occupancy in 1877, and the
institution was removed from Jacksonville to Lincoln in July
of that year. The last general assembly' made an appropria-
tion for the erection of an additional building for the care of
one hundred custodial cases, which will increase the capacity of
the asylum to that f-xtent. Dr. Wilbur resigned the superintend-
ency October, 1888. and was succeeded by Di*. William B. Fish,
the present superintendent.
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Home was created by an act of the
legislature in 1885. The number of cottages originally built,
was eight. The first soldiei- was admitted. March 3, 1887.
Six more t-ottages were opened and occupied, February
1. 1888. Two more were i-eadj^ in October of that year. An-
other cottage has been built during the pust two years. The
capacity of the home is still insufficient to meet the demands
upon it. The first superintendent was General Charles E. Lip-
pincott, who died of paralysis, September 11, 1887. He was
succeeded by Major J. G. Rowland, the present superintendent.
The Soldiers' Orphai s' Home, which at first occupied tempor-
ary^ quarters, partly in Springfield and partly in Blooming-ton,
was removed to the present site at Normal. June 1. 1869. The
first su])erintendent was Mrs. Virginia C. Ohr. who was suc-
ceeded, June 13, 1887, by Dr. H. C. DeMotte, the present su-
perintendent. The capacity of this institution has remained
the same from the beginning, except that, in 1871, the legisla-
ture made an appi-opriation for a school building, and during
the past two yeai-s new buildings have been erected in the i-ear
for domestic uses, including a dining-room and a chapel on
the top floor.
The Cliaritable Eye and lOar Infiiiuaiy was at first a private
institution, founded bv Dr. E. L. Hf^hues. It received aid from
31
the state until the year 1870, when the new constitution was
adopted, forbidding appropriations of this character. The trus-
tees then transferred the property of tlie infii-mary to the state.
The old infirniary on Pearson street, Chicago, was destroj^ed in
the great fire of October 9, 1871. The institution occupied a.
rented building for the ensuing three years. Witli some aid
from the general assembly, a new building was erected at the
<'orner of Peoria and Adams streets, which was completed and
occupied in the summer of 1874. The building was enlarged
by the addition of a kitchen, boiler-house, and dispensary, in
1878. It is badly overcrowded. The first superintendent was
Mr. George Davenpoi-t, who resigned on account of ill health,
in 1883. and Mr. E. C. liawton was appointed by the trustees
to take his place.
The State Reform School was opened June 1, 1871, under Mr.
George W. Perkins, superintendent. He soon after resigned his
posi1:ion, and was succeeded b^^ the present incumbent, Di*. J. D.
Scouller. The general assembly appropriated money, in 1877
and in 1883, for two additional family buildings; and the capa-
city of the institution was further enlarged in 1886 by the erec-
tion of a chapel and dining-room, the removal of which, from
the main building, allowed the space formerly occupied foi- these
to be devoted to a school-i-oom and a large associate dormi-
tory.
The following table exhibits, in a striking manner, the bene-
fit derived, in a financial sense, from the kind of supervision of
expenditures by the state institutions, which has been exercised
over them by the State Board of Public Charities. As has been
shown, the (net) rate per capita in 1875, when the regulating
act was adopted, was |?215.25. It has declined, during the past
sixteen years, until it is now fl()().84. If the rate had re-
mained what it was in 1875, instead of costing the state .flO,-
648,39(5.60, they would have cost it |12,71 0,456.75, or |2,-
062,060.15 more than they have cost in fact. — an average sav-
ing of f 132,324 per annum, while the annual appro])riation for
this board is only f 7,500, and for a time was only .f5,000. It is
true that the saving si)oken of is due in part to the reduction
in the price of commodities and to the inci-eased size of the in-
stitutions; but, admitting that one-half of this saving must
be attributed to the operation of these causes, we thiidv that we
are entitled to claim credit for the other half. In round numbers,
the state boai-d has cost the people of the state about one hun-
dred thousand dollars, and has saved them very nearly a mil-
lion dollars, over and above the amount appi'o])riated for this
department of the govei-nment. This it has :anization of the Illinois Asy-
lum for Insane Criminals, commit any act of homicide, rape, or
arson, or attempt to commit either of such acts, proceedino-s
may be instituted and had as above, and he may be trans-
ferred to such Asylum for Insane Criminals in the same manner
as herein pi'ovided."
There is a slig-ht inconsistency in allowing- patients to be
transferred from the hospitals for attempts at arson, and not
permitting courts to do the same. On the other hand, the
courts are permitted to send for attempted murder or homicide,
while this is not included among the offenses named in the
first sentence. of section nine, from which also the word arson
appears to have been accidentally omitted. The wording of
the act requii-es some amendment, in order to make it harmon-
ious with itself.
But we raise the question whether the act does not possibly
go too far, and open the door to the same mingling of crimi-
nal and non-criminal insane in the wards of the new asylum,
which is one of the strong arguments for the passage of this
act, when applied to similar mingling in the wards of our pres-
ent hospitals.
A convict in a penitentiary has been guilty of a crime comit-
ted by him when not insane, and for which he is morally and
legally responsible. An insane man or woman can not commit
a criine. It would seem to us a great hardship and injustice, to
com]iel a woman who has, for example, killed her child, while
suffei-ing from an attack of ])uer]ieral mania, but who has never
been guilty of a wilful and conscious offense against law or
morals, to associate with criminal women in the wards of a
criminal insane asylum, and bear the stigma forever afterward,
of having been incarcerated in a penitentiary. For the public
will not readil}^ understand that an institution upon the
grounds of the penitentiary, and under the control of the peni-
tentiary commissioners, is really no part of the penitentiary.
There will be other cases in which such transfer would be clearly
a wrong.
It is, probably, for the purpose of preventing such Ivrongs, if
they should be attempted, that powers and duties devolve upon
the commissioners of public charities, under this act, which are
new to them and to the law. All transfers authorized by the ninth
section must be nmde by our order, and can be nmde in no other
way. We are also made to share the responsibility of dis-
charge of persons acquitted of crime on the ground of insanity,
when they are believed to have recovered their reason. We do
not covet these responsibilities, and would be glad to be relieved
of them.
The appropriation for the erection and fitting up of this asy-
lum was very small, only QHj thousand dollars. There is rea-
son to believe that the general assembly would have made a
60
more liberal and adequate appropriation, if it had not sup-
posed that it was appropriating- the materials and labor at the
disposal of the penitentiary^ commissioners, by the "words in-
serted in the second section of the act: "'The erection of such
building shall be made under the supervision of the board of
commissioners of said penitentiary, and in its construction they
shall use the labor of the convicts of the said penitentiary, so
far as the same may be practicable, and shall use the stone
quarried on the grounds of said penitentiary."' /This language
is ambiguous. At whose expense was it designed that this
labor and material should be furnished? at that of the peni-
tentiary? or of the new as^dum? In other words, were the com-
missioners of the penitentiarj' to make no charge against the
fund provided for the erection of the new institution, (which, it
must be remembered, is no part of the prison), on account of
such labor and material? The proviso attached to the section
seems to imply that such a charge would be proper: ''Provided,
that the board of commissioners of said penitentiary shall render
bills for all expenses incurred in and about the construction of
said building or buildings, which bills shall be accompanied by
sub-vouchers for each item, and no amount shall be allowed by
the auditor of public accounts and paid, in excess of such actual
expenses."' Certainly the labor and material furnished by the
penitentiary to the asylum is one of the expenses for which, ac-
cording to this proviso, the commissioners are authorized to
render bills and collect the same.
A plan was submitted for the asylum by ^Ir. Isaac C. Cole-
man, the same architect who has made all the plans foi' the
additions to the hospitals at Jacksonville, Elgin, and Anna;
and it was substantially the same plan, with some variations
rendered necessary by the smaller number of patients to be ac-
commodated. For those additions, to accommodate three
hundred patients each, the allowance to each institution was
f 120. 000, or more than double the grant at Chester, though
the difficulties of the site are there much greater, and the class
of patients to be cared for more unmanageable, requiring a
much stronger form of restraint. The act directs that "no plan
shall be adopted, which shall not first have been approved by
the state commissioners of public charities, and, in respect to
its sanitary features, by the state board of health.'" The sec-
retaries of these two boards went to Chester, at the invitation
of the penitentiary commissioners, to examine the plans sub-
mitted by Mr. Coleman, but it was so evident that they could
not be executed within the amount of the appropriation, that
they were both of the opinion that it would be useless to call a
meeting of the boards named, to consider them.
For many months it appeared that the project of a criminal
insane asylum at Chester would have to be abandoned, owing*
to the severe restrictions put upon the commissioners by the
terms of the act.
61
At the April meeting of the commissioners of piibhc charities,
at Jacksonville, last spring, the commissioners of the Southern
Penitentiary appeared before us, together with Mr. J. H. Lawlor,
an architect of the city of Chicago, in the employ of Mr. E. R.
Brainerd, who is a contractor at the Northern Penitentiary, at
Joliet, and exhibited a plan and specifications for our approval.
The outline of this plan had been suggested by Mr. Wines, the
secretary of this board, who had in fact assisted Mr. Lawlor,
at Mr. Braiuerd's request, to decide upon the general arrange-
ment and the proper dimensions of the several parts of the
building to be erected. These gentlemen frankly acknowledged
that the plan was not in all respects what they would have
wished to make it; but they were hampered by the necessity
for making the total cost of construction and furnishing fall
within the prescribed limit of fifty thousand dollars. It was Mr,
Braiuerd's, intention, if the plan should prove acceptable, to
make an offer to construct the asylum in accordance there-
with, if he should see his way clear to do so, in a financial
sense.
No action was taken by us at our April meeting, but we ad-
journed, to meet at the Grand Pacific Hotel, in Chicago, on
the first of May, when all of the commissioners of the South-
ern Penitentiary, with the warden, and with Messrs. Brainerd
and Lawlor, w'ere present. The plans were again laid be-
fore us.
Mr. Brainerd made to the commissioners of the penitentiary,
in our hearing, a proposition to erect the building called for b^^
the plans, and to purchase the necessary furniture to fit them
for occupanc3' and use, for the sum of $49,000, leaving one
thousand dollars of the appropriation of fifty thousand dollars
with which to provide for heating and lighting the asylum,
provided the commissioners would agree to deliver all material
required, free of charge, upon whatever site they may select, to
sell him brick at two dollars and fifty cents per thousand, to give
him the use of the stone quany, and to put the labor of fiftj^
convicts, to be first-class men, at his disposal from the beginning
to the end of the work. The commissioners rejected this propo-
sition.
Mr. Brainerd then made a second proposition, namely: to
erect the building for $43,500, leaving fifteen hundred dollars
of the forty -five thousand appropriated for the building, with
w'hich to provide for heating, lighting, and water supply, pro-
vided the commissioners would agree to deliver all material
required, free of charge, upon whatever site they may select,
to sell him brick at two dollars and sixty-one cents per thousand,
to give him the use of the stone quarry', and to put the labor
of fifty convicts, to l^ie first-class men, at his disposal from the
beginning to the end of the work. The commissioners rejected
this proposition.
62
The penitentiary commissioners then made a counter propo-
sition, as follows: They offered to deliver all material, free of
charg'e, upon any site selected, to sell him brick at five dollars
and fifty cents per thousand, to give him the use of the stone
quarr}^ and of the derricks, and to put the labor of twenty-five
convicts, to be ordinary laborers, and not skilled mechanics, at
his disposal, if he would make a good and sufficient bond to do
all the Avork except the heating, lighting, and sewerage, leaving
a sufficient portion of the appropriation of forty-five thousand
dollars in their hands to enable them to provide for the same.
Mr. Brainerd rejected this proposition.
Mr. Brainerd next offered to erect the building for f43,500, if
the commissioners would agree to deliver all material upon the
site, free of charge, to sell him brick at five dollars per thousand,
to give him the use of the stone quarry, and to put -the labor
of an average number of thirty-five convicts, all of them to be
able-bodied, and as man^' of them as possible to be skilled
mechanics, at his disposal, but to release him from the obli-
gation to provide for heating, lighting, sewerage, or water
supply.
At this point in the negotiation Mr. Brainerd withdrew, and
we adjourned until two o'clock in the afternoon.
On reassembling at the hour named, the members of the state
board of health, (who were in session at the same hotel, on the
same day), were invited by us to inspect the plans, which they
did, and they unanimously approved the same, in respect of
their sanitary features, after which they withdrew.
Mr. Brainerd modified his la.st previous offer, in so far as to
say that he would be willing to pay the penitentiarj^ commis-
sioners five dollars and twenty-five cents per thousand for brick,
but no more.
The penitentiary commissioners thereupon requested permis-
sion to take the plans with them, and to be given until the
twenty-fifth of May to consider them and also the proposi-
tion just made by Mr. "Brainerd. to which he at once assented.
On the following day, at Elgin, the commissioners of public
charities adopted the following resolutions, and ordered that a
copy of the same be sent to the president of the board of pen-
itentiary commissioners, Mr. J. B. Messiek:
IVhereas. The Thirty-Sixth General Assembly made an appropriation
of fort\-five thousand dollars for the erection of an asylum for insane
criminals, to accommodate one hundred and fifty patients and to be
erected on the grounds of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary, at Chester;
and
Whereas, It is provided in the act making said appropriation that the
plans for said asylum must be approved by the state commissioners of
public charities, before they -can be adopted by the penitentiary commis-
sioners; and
Whereas, The plans exhibited by Mr. J. H. Lawlor. an architect of
Chicago, appear to be adequate for the proper care, in all respects, of one
hundred and fiftv insane convicts: and
63
Whereas, There is some doubt whether the building planned by him
can be erecfed within the amount of the said appropriation; therefore,
Eesolved, That said plans be and are hereby approved, but with the pro-
viso that the said penitentiary commissioners are not hereby authorized
to proceed to erect an asylum in accordance therewith, unless and until
they shall have satisfied themselves, either by accepting a bid for the
work and letting the same to l)e done by contract, or, in case they elect
to do the work themselves, then by a careful estimate of the qualities
and cost of the labor and materials required to complete the building in
accordance with the terms of the act, including the heating, ligliting,
sewerage, and water supply, that it can be so completetl for and within
the amount of the appropriation for that purpose, which is forty-flve
thousand dollars.
Besolved, That we are of the opinion that, in order to secure the earli-
est provision .possible for the proper care of this class of insane persons, if
it should be found necessary to heat and light the building cheaply, by
stoves and by lamps, sucli temporary provision for heating and lighting-
will be a compliance with the terms of the act, and that the legislature
can and probabl}' will make additional appropriations hereafter for the
substitution of better methods of heating and lighting, by steam or hot
water, and by gas or electricity.
The commissioners of the penitentiary have since substantially
accepted Mr. Brainerd's final proposition, and the work of grad-
ing was begun about the first of September. The site selected
is the summit of the hill south of the prison, between the prison
and the town of Chester. The agreement, as drawn by the com-
missioners, (which is not yet signed by Mr. Brainerd), stipulates
that the building is to be enclosed b^^ the first of January, 1891,
and completed by the first of April ensuing. The commission-
ers bind themselves to. supply the labor of thirtj^-five convicts,
and to deliver brick on the ground at the rate of five dollars
and a quarter per thousand, and to pay f48,500 as follows:
f 3,000 when the foundation walls are up and basement finished,
110,000 when the first story is up, |10,000 when the second
story is up, f8,500 when the third story is up, and $12,000
when the building is completed and accepted. The work is to
be done under the personal supervision of the commissioners,
who reserve the right to reject any work or material which
does not conform to the plans and specifications. With some
modification in its details, it is probable that this will be the
form of the contract, and that the asylum will be erected under
it, but not by the date named above.
ADDrriONAL PROVISION 1X)R THE INSANE DEMANDED.
The board of supervisors of the county of LaSalle issued a cii'-
cular, dated November 15, 1889, and addressed a printed copy
of it to each county b(3ard in the state of Illinois, revuesting
their co-operation in an effort to secure from the general assem-
bly a more liberal provision for the care of the insane, at the
expense of the state. The resolution adopted is in the follow-
ing words:
Kecognizing tlie fact tliat the hospitals for the insane in the state of
Illinois are not of sutticient capacity to accommodate and furnish homes
for all the insane of tlie state, and cases known as ''incurable insane" are
64
turned away from such asylums, thus leaving such incurable insane with-
out suitable or proper places to be cared for, and to the end that this
matter may be properly presented to the next legislature of this state,
the board "of supervisors of LaSalle county beg to invite the boards of
supervisors of the various counties of the state to pass resolutions praying
the next general assembly to so enlarge the capacity of the insane asylums
as to provide for the proper care and custody, not only of the insane cases
deemed to be curable, but also of those considered incurable. The board
of supervisors of LaSalle county asks the various county boards in the
state, if they take action in this matter, to forward certified copies of the
resolutions passed by them to the county clerk of this county, at Ottawa,
in order that the same may be presented for the consideration of the next
general assembly.
The following is tlie response to this resolution, so far as our
information on the subject enables us to give it.
Adams. — Besolved, That the senator and representatives from this
county in the general assembly are requested to use their influence to
secure the passage of laws for the enlargement of the several hospitals
for the insane to a capacity sufficient to accommodate all the insane of
the state.
BoiiT).— Whereas, We recognize the fact that the hospitals for the in
sane are not of sufficient capacity to accommodate and furnish homes for
all of the insane of the state, and cases known as incurable insane are
turned away from such asylums, thus leaving such incurable insane with-
out suitable or proper places to be cared for, and to the eud that the
matter may be properly presented to the next legislature;
Resolved, That we hereby respectfully pray the next general assembly of
the state of Illinois to so enlarge the capacity of the insai^e asylums as
to provide for the proper care and custody, not only of the insane cases
deemed curable, but also of those considered incurable.
BooKE.— TF/tereas, The present provision made by the state for the
care of the insane is totally inadequate to meet the demand for the proper
care and maintenance of that unfortunate class of our fellow-citizens,
very many of whom are now in our county almshouses all over the state;
mahv more are in private asylums, at great expense and inconvenience to
their friends; many more have to be cared for at their homes, very much
to the detriment of themselves and their families; and are without the
care and medical treatment they so much require;
Resolved, That the senator and members of the house of representatives
for this senatorial district are respectfully requested to use all honorable
means to have the state provide suitable accommodations for all the in-
sane of the state.
Brown.— The county board passed the LaSalle county resolution and
endorsed the course pursued by the supervisors of that county.
Bureau.— Tr/K3)"eas, The hospitals for the insane of the state are not
of sufficient capacity to accommodate all the insane, thus leaving large
numbers of said insane persons to be cared for in county almshouses:
and
Whereas, Insanity is greatly on the increase ; and
Whereas, The board of supervisors of Bureau county are of the opinion
that the state ought to furnish suitable room for all of the insane ;
Resolved, That the senator and representatives of the 25th senatorial dis-
trict, in the next general assembly, be requested to use their best efforts
in securing the passage of a law enlarging the capacity of the insane
asylums, so as to provide for the care and custody of all the insane per-
sons in the state, whether they be deemed curable or incurable.
Whereas, One-half of the inmates of the insane asylums of this state
are females;
Be it resolved. That we recommend that there should be appointed on
the medical staff of each insane asylum at least one female physician.
05
Cass. — The quota of this county not being full, the county board de-
cided to take no action on the question presented for their consideration.
Clark. — The county board passed the LaSalle county resolution.
DuPage. — The board passed the LaSalle county resolution.
Ford. — The board jiassed resolutions similar to that adopted by LaSalle
county.
Hancock. — The board passed the LaSalle county preamble, and added:
Eesolved, That it is the will and desire of this board (and as expressive
of the wish of the people of said county) that the next general assembly
will make the proper provision so to enlarge the capacity of the said in-
sane asylums as to provide for the proper care and custody not only of
the insane cases deemed to be curable, but also of those considered in-
curable.
Iroquois. — Eesolved, That the state of Illinois should provide full and
sufficient means for the care of all incurable and criminal insane.
Resolved, That this board is not in sympathy with the idea to transfer
the supervision and control of the asylums to the state board of charities,
because such transfer would be likely to engender additional expense, and.
judging from the spirit expressed in the various reports of said board and
its secretary, too great a disregard of the rights of the tax-payers of the
state must be apprehended.
Kane. — Resolved, That we, as representatives of Kane county, would
most urgently request the next general assembly to make such appropria-
tions as will be sufficient properly to care for the insane of this state, and
that the county clerk of this county have this resolution presented to the
next general assembly.
Kendall. — Whereas, It is apparent to all interested persons that
the hospitals for the insane in the state of Illinois are inadequate to ac-
commodate all the patients of that class in the state, and that there is
no place for those cases known as the incuraV)le insane;
Resolved, That the legislature of this state be requested to make sucli
appro])riations for the enlarging of said institutions as tbey may deem
advisable and the necessity of the state may seem to require, and espe-
cially that some place be provided for the incurable insane.
Lee. — Resolved, That it is the oi)inion of this board that it is an urgent
necessity that additional accommodations should be provided by tlie state
for. insane person's, and that provision should be made by the state for
the care of all incurable insane persons.
Resolved, That this board does hereby recommend to our members of the
state legislature that such legislation be adopted, without delay, as will
accomplish such result, and that a copy of these resolutions be furnished
to said members of the legislature.
LiviNCJSTON.— The board tabled the LaSalle county resolution.
Logan. — Your committee to which was referred the communication
from the county board of LaSalle county, in regard to enlarging the
capacity of the hospitals for the insane, respectfully report^ tliat we favor
said proposition, and recommend the adoption of the following resolu-
tion :
Resolved, That the board, feeling the necessity for more ample facilities
in the state hospitals for the insane, and for the provision of some suit-
able means for caring for the incurable insane, would respectfully urge
upon the general assembly of the state the importance of projierly i)ro-
viding for this unfortunate class, and to this end re(iuest that asylum
privileges be provided for the incurable insane, and that the cai)acity of
the hospitals for the curable insane be materially increased.
^IcLk AN. —Resolved, That it is the sense of this board that the general
assembly of the state of Illinois should devise means and take such action
as may be necessary. to furnish roou) and provide for the proper care and
custody of the insane (curable and incurable ) of this state ; and we request
that our members of said general assemblv use their influence to forward
—5 P. C.
66
the same. We recommend that the county clerk forward certified copies
of this resolution to the county clerk of La Salle county and to the mem-
bers of the state legislature from this district.
Madison. — Eesolved^ That we heartily approve of the above recommen-
dations.
Marshall,. — The board passed the LaSalle county resolution.
Mercer.— To the Honorable Members of the Thirty- Seventh General Assem-
bly of the State of Illinois: Whereas, It has become apparent to the mem-
bers of the county board of Mercer county that the accommodations
afforded by the present and prospective institutions for the insane and
feeble-minded of the state are entirely inadequate to accommodate the
demands of Mercer county, our quota being full, and a surplus of patients
now in charge of our county board, with no appropriate accommodations
for the same ;
Besolved, That an emergency exists, and that it is the sense of the chair-
man and members of the county board of Mercer county that additional
appropriations be made by your honorable body, sufficient to accommodate
not less than one thousand patients in addition to those already provided
for in appropriations made bv the last general assembly and approved
June 1, 1889.
Montgomery. — Whereas, The crowded condition of the various hos-
pitals for the care of the insane of the state makes it impossible for
them to care for all the incurable subjects, and very often impossible to
receive new subjects without considerable delay ; and
Whereas, We believe that all insane people, whether curable or incur-
able, should be cared for in instutions owned and controlled by the state;
Resolved, That the honorable the general assembly be and is hereby
petitioned and requested to appropriate at its next session a sufficient sum
of money to enlarge the various hospitals for the care of the insane of
this state, so that they may properly care for all the insane persons of
Illinois.
Randolph— TF/iei-eos, The county board of Randolph county is
aware of the fact that the hospitals for the insane in the state of Illinois
are not of sufficient capacity to accommodate and furnish homes for all
the insane of the state, and that cases known as incurable are turned
away from such hospitals, leaving persons suffering therefrom without
suitable or proper places to be cared for;
Resolved, That this board of county commissioners do join with the
boards of commissioners or supervisors of other counties in the state, in
the request to the general assembly to enlarge the capacity of the insane
asylums now maintained, or to build additional asylums in suitable locali-
ties, so as to provide for the proper custody and care of all insane persons
within the state, not only those who are considered curable, but such also
as may be incurable.
Rock Island. — Whereas, The number of incurable insane in our
county poor house is now very large, and is constantly increasing by the
addition of incurable patients returned from the state hospitals and the
commitment of insane persons not admissible to the state hospitals; and
Whereas, The number of patients from this county now in the state
exceeds the legal quota apportioned to this county at least threefold; and
Whereas, A large number of persons, in addition to those above men-
tioned, are now either maintained by their friends at great expense in
private asylums, or cared for at their homes at great inconvenience and
actual damage to their families and friends, and without proper care or
medical attendance;
Resolved, That the senator and representatives for this district be re-
spectfully and urgently requested to use all honorable means to secure
suitable and adequate provision by the state for the accommodation of all
the insane of the state, and that the clerk be authorized to mail a copy
of these resolutions to each of the said representatives.
67
St. Clair.— Your committee on judiciary, to which was referred the
circular of the boaixl of supervisors of LaSalle county, requesting each
county board in the state to join said board in petitioning the next legis-
lature to provide for the care and treatment, hy the state, of all insane
persons, would respectfully report that, in view of the rapid increase of
insanity, and the lack of suitable accommodations in the counties for the
care and treatment of this class of unfortunate people, we are in favor of
tlie plan of state care as opposed to county care, and recommend the
adoption of the following resolution:
Resolved, That the state should assume the responsibility of the care
and treatment of all insane persons, and witli this view we respectfully
petition the legislature of 1891 to make such arrangements as may be
necessary to properly care for the insane of the state.
Shelby.— The V)oard laid the LaSalle county resolution on the table.
Stark. — The board endorsed the LaSalle county resolution.
Stephenson. — Whereas, The hospitals for the insane in the state
of Illinois are not of sufficient capacity to accommodate all the insane of
the state, and those termed incural)le insane are sent away from such
asylums, thus leaving those known to be incurably insane without suit-
able or proper places to be cared for, and endangering the lives of those
who have them in charge; and
Whereas, New York and other states are now providing suitable hos-
pitals for such class of insane;
Resolved, That, in order to bring this matter properly before the next
general assembly, the county clerk correspond with the various county
clerks of this state, asking the different boards of supervisors to co-operate
in calling the attention of the next general assembly to this matter, that
they may provide for the proper care and custody of the so-called incur-
able insane.
Vermilion. — The board passed resolutions similar to those of LaSalle
county.
Whiteside. — Your committee on county farm-house and inmates, to
which was referred the communication of the board of supervisors of
LaSalle county, respectfully report that we fully concur in the subject
matter of the same. The quota of this county at the state hospital for
the insane is kept constantly tilled, and the department for the insane at
our county house is also full, and it is impossible to give this unfortunate
class the medical treatment and attendance that their condition requires,
in a county infirmary. Believing that they can be cared for more prop-
erly and at less expense in state institutions than in the various counties
of the state, we recommend the adoption of the following resolution:
Resolved, That this board recommends to the next general assembly to
make ample provision for the care and maintenance of the insane of the
state, in state hospitals for the insane, regardless of the cause of insanity.
The foregoing are only specimens of the action taken by the
county boards. Many counties laid the subject over, for con-
sideration at their September meetings, and we have not heard
from them. In some instances, the county clerks write that the
LaSalle county resolution was not actcnl u])on, because tlie board
had adopted similar resolutions in years ])ast, and it was not
believed that any legislation would come out of this movement.
But these declai-ations are enough to demonstrate that we
understand the feeling of the county authorities and do not
misrepresent it. It is strongest where the burden is most
heavily felt. We wish to say, in this connection, that we had
no agency in the initiation of the movement, nor in its promo-
tion. It was, in fact, unknown to us. until it had already made
68
great progress; and, iu the few instances where county clerks
wrote to the secretary of this board, asking his ad\-ice as to the
expediency of endorsing the action of the LaSalle county board,
he, from feehngs of delicacy, refrained from making any reply.
We have now, however, the opportunity to say to the gene-
ral assembly that the question of the proper care of the insane
of the state has to be met or ignored. The provision made by
the last legislature is only a temporary- relief. By the time that
the additions made to the present hospitals are occupied, the
process of accumulation of practically hopeless lunatics in the
county poorhouses and in the homes of the people will again
begin, and before any new institution can be made ready for
their occupancy, the same demand will again be felt and recog-
nized. The increase of insanity- is a fact to which it is as use-
less for us to shut our eyes, as it is for an ostrich to hide its
head in the sand, in the vain hope of thereby eluding its pur-
suers.
The pecuniary and other burdens entailed by the prevalence
of this misfortune must be borne in one of three ways. They
must fall upon the families in which there is an insane member,
or they must be assumed by the state, or they must be carried
by the counties.
The impolicy of allowing families with insane members to care
for their own insane is admitted on all sides. In many cases,
the insanity of one member of a family is the visible indication
of a taint in the blood of the family so afflicted, which renders
them of all persons in the world the least fit to have the charge
of their deranged friends. In many cases, too, there is a liabil-
ity of the spread of the disease to other members of the family,
through the mental contagion of association, S3'mpathy, and
over-anxiety. The insane are apt to conceive a violent preju-
dice and dislike toward their relatives, and they submit less
willingly to needed restraint and control at their hands. The
care of an insane man or woman in a private family usually
involves the permanent seclusion of the patient, or the giving
up to him of the entire time of one person, thus depriving at
least one able-bodied citizen of the opportunity to earn a living.
The tendency of this coui-se is to reduce a family to poverty, if
not to a condition of pauperism. No one, Ave think, seriously
advocates this plan of care, or would appro¥e of the state as-
suming this attitude toward the insane of Illinois.
The question then recurs : In caring for those who can not be
properly cared for at home, who is to bear the expense of such
care? The legislature alone can answer this question. If it is
unwilling to collect the funds needed, through the machinery
provided for the assessment and collection of the state tax, it
is morally bound to see that the^' are supplied through the
machinery provided for the assessment and collection of taxes
by the counties. So far as the tax-pa3'ers are concerned, it is
69
evidently a matter of profound indifference to them, to which
account the moneys paid by them are debited.
At pi'esent, the state is vacillating between these two opposite
policies.
An examination of the county court dockets for the year end-
ing April 1, 1890, shows 1,555 cases tried, (892 men and 663
women), of whom 1,875 were adjudged to be insane*. The
number of admissions to the four state hospitals for the insane,
during the year ending July 1, 1890, (not including 1,01(5
transfers between these institutions), was 989. Taking 989
from 1,375, the remainder is 386, which represents the number
of persons adjudged to be insane, for whom admission to the
state institutions could not be obtained by the count^^ author-
ities. The institutions in fact admitted yevj little- more than
two-thirds of those on whose behalf application wa,s or might
have been made.
The reports made by Mr. J, W. Whipp, assistant secretarj^ of
the board of charities, of his visits to the county farms, show
that he found 961 insane (437 men and 524 women), in the rural
almhouses, outside of Cook county; and in the Cook county insane
hospital there were, on the thirteenth of September, 1,074 more
(507 men and 567 women); or, in all,^ 2,035, (;'44 men and 1,091
women).
He further reports that, during the past two years, eleven
counties have erected buildings for the care of insane paupers,
at an aggregate cost of |70,348, as follows: Adams, .f6,000;
Kankakee, .f 13, 000; Knox, |26,000; Lake, |850; Lee, |1,635;
Madison, |2,000: Marshall, |3,500; Menard, f 1,200; Kock Island,
14,000; Scott, 15,000; and Winnebago, |7,163.
If the state means to compel the county authorities to pro-
vide for their own insane, it owes it to the insane to see that
the provision made corresponds, in all respects, to the demands
of an enlightened humanity. It should fix a standard of build-
ing, including sufficient space for dormitories, day-rooms, and
dining-rooms, with all needed sanitary arrangements in the way
of ventilation, heating, water supply, and sewerage. It should
also fix a standard of care, including medical and personal at-
tendance, (both to be of the right sort), and ])roper occupation
and recreation, in and out of doors. The experience of ever}^
state in the Union has furnished too many shameful illustra-
tions of the danger of leaving these details to be determined by
the ignorance or cupidity of county and town officials. There
should be a super-vision, b}^ the state, of the entire system of
*For the year ending April 1, 188G, there were 1,668 cases of insanity tried in the
county courts, of which 957 were men and 711 women; the number adjudged to be insane
was 1,526.
For the year ending April 1, 1888, 'here were 1,408 cases tried, of which 768 were
men and 639 women: the number adjudged to be insane was 1,301.
70
comity care, which ought to be more than nominal. Power
should be vested somewhere to enforce the requirements of hu-
manity embodied in a general statute prescribing the duties of
the county boards with reference to their insane wards.
If the state means to care for the insane by its own officers
and agents, it owes it to the insane, on the contrary, to make
such ample jDrovision for their care, that no application for ad-
mission to the state institutions need be denied, on the ground
of want of room, and that no county will ever find it necessary
to build for itself an insane hospital, or an insane department
of a county almshouse.
We repeat that, at present, the state of Illinois has not boldly
adopted either of these positions. It seems to us to fail in its
duty in this regard.
The great objection to county care of the insane may be
stated in the form of a dilemma. If the care given is ade-
quate, it is more expensive than in the state institutions. If
less expensive, it is inadequate. This follows from the smaller
number of patients collected in one place. This in itself is an
advantage, since it gives a better opportunity for occupation,
freedom, and individuahzation. But it costs something. Our
experience and our observation alike teach us that county
boards, as a rule, will not— perhaps they can not^provide suit-
able quarters for insane paupers, give them the proper diet,
exercise, and recreation, and employ a sufficient number of com-
petent attendants to take charge of them. In many counties,
they do not even have competent medical attention. The evils
of the county system may be reduced to a minimum by state
oversight, but not without some form and measure of state
control. To organize such a system of state control in Ilhnois,
a revolution must first be effected in the mode of support of
the insane in our state hospitals. If this could be done, it would
then be necessary to have inspectors with courage, devotion,
and humanity, to wage a constant struggle against the local
influences which would tend continually in the direction of
cheaper and inferior provision for the needs of men and women
incapable of conteuding successfully for their own rights. The
odds against the permanence of the reforms iutroduced in a
moment of enthusiasm would be enormous. The counties do
not want that system. We can not and do not advise it.
We are, therefore, driven back upon our original position,
namely, that the insane are the wards of the state, and that,
if the state would have them well cared for, it must care for
them itself. We trust that the bitter cry of the counties, plead-
ing for the humane treatment of this most helpless and pitiable
class of sufferers, will reach the ear, and touch the heart, and
move the arm of the general assembly, the only power, under
God, that can relieve or mitigate the extent of this growing
evil.
71
DISTRICTS FOR THE INSANE.
The fifth and sixth sections of the act making additional pro-
vision for the insane relate to the assignment of beds in the hos-
pitals to the counties, and are in the following words:
Section 5. From and after the taking effect of this act tlie state commis-
sioners of public cliarities shall have power to divide the state into districts,
lor the purpose of regulating the admission of patients into the state hos-
pitals for the insane, and to fix the quota of each county therein, so as to
secure equality among the counties, and to promote their convenience in
this regard. And the said commissioners shall have power to change the
boundaries of said districts, from time to time, as may he necessary or ex-
pedient: Provided, that any regulations which tliey may make on the
sul^ject sliall not have the force of law until after they shall have been
submitted to the governor and approved by him. And provided further, that
the governor shall cause to be printed, and distributed to the counties to
be affected thereby, a sufficient number of copies of the schedule of dis-
tricts and quotas approved by him.
Sec. a. The state commissioners of pul^lic charities shall cause such trans-
fers of patients to he made between the several hospitals for the insane in
this state, as shall be necessary to adjust the population of said hospitals
to the districts assigned them; Provided, that a reasonal)le time shall be
allowed for such readjustment. And provided further, that the cost of such
transfer shall be charged to the counties or individuals, as the case may
be, affected thereby, and shall be collected as other debts due the state
hospitals are collected by law.
At our first regular quarterly'' meeting after the taking effect
of this act, on the 18th of July, 1889, we adopted a scheme for
redistricting the state with reference to the commitment of the
insane, as follows:
The Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane, at Elgin, is hereby set
apart for the accommodation and care of the insane of the counties of
Boone, Carroll, DeKalb, DuPage. Henry, JoDaviess, Kane, Kendall, Lake,
Lee, McHenry,'Ogle, Rock Island, Stephenson, Whiteside, and Winneimgo.
The Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane, at Kankakee, is hereby set
apart for the accommodation and care of the insane of the counties of
Bureau, Champaign, Clark, Coles, Cook, Crawford, Cumberland, DeAVitt,
Douglas, Edgar, Effingham, Ford, Grundy, Iroquois, Jasper, Kankakee,
LaSalle, Livingston, Macon,' Marshall, McLean, Moultrie. Piatt. Putnam,
Shelby, Vermilion, Will, and Woodford.
The Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane, at .Tacksonville. is hereby
set apart for the accommodation and care of tlie insane of the counties
of Adams, Calhoun, Cass, Christian, Fulton, Greene, Hancock, Henderson,
Jersey, Knox, Logan, Macoupin, Madison, Mason, McDonough, Menard,
Mercer, Montgomery, Morgan, Peoria, Pike, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott,
Stark, Tazewell and Warren.
The Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane, at Anna, is hereljy set
apart for tlie accommodation and care of the insane of the counties of
Alexander, Bond, Clay, Clinton, Edwards, Fayette. Franklin, Gallatin,
Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson. Jefferson, Johnson, Lawrence, Marion, Massac,
Monroe, Perry, Pope, Pulaski. Randolj)!!, Bichland, St. Clair, Saline. Union,
Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson.
At the same time, we made the following schedule, which shows
the quota of each county in each hospital, calculated on the
basis of twelve patients to every ten thousand inhabitants ac-
cording to the census of 1880 : "
72
SCHEDULE.
Counties.
Population
in 1880.
Quota.
Elgin.
Kanka-
kee.
Jack-
sonvil e.
Anna.
.59,1.35
14,808
14,866
11.. 508
13,041
;«, 172
7,467
16,976
14,493
40,863
28,227
21,894
16,192
18,714
27,042
(i07,524
16.197
13,7.59
26, 768
17.010
15,853
19,161
25,499
8,597
18,920
•23,241
15,099
16, 1-29
41,240
12,861
23,010
16,732
16,712
35,337
6,024
10,722
36,597
35,451
22,505
14,, 515
20,686
15,542
27, .528
13,078
44, 939
•25.047
13,083
38,344
21,296
70,403
13,(i63
27,491
38, 4.50
25,037
30,665
37.692
50,126
•2:^.686
15,0.55
16.242
10.413
27,970
2t,908
m. 10(»
13.024
19,502
13.682
■2S o7s
31 ; 514
13,699
39,937
.55,355
16,007
15, .583
:«,7.51
13,256
9, 507
71
18
18
14
16
40
9
20
17
49
34
26
19
22
32
729
19
17
32
20
19
23
31
10
23
28
18
19
49
15
28
20
20
42
7
13
44
43
27
17
25
19
33
16
54
30
16
46
26
84
16
33
46
30
37
45
60
28
18
l:)
13
31
30
16
2:3
Ki
34
38
16
36
66
19
19
40
16
11
71
Alexander
18
Bond
18
14
16
40
9
20
17
Champaign ,
49
34
Clark
26
Clay
19
22
Coles
32
729
19
17
Cook
Cumberland
DeKalb
32
DeWitt .
20
19
23
Edgar
31
10
23
28
Ford
18
19
Fulton
49
15
Greene .
28
20
•20
42
7
13
44
43
27
17
25
19
m
16
54
30
K^'udall
16
46
Lakf^ .
26
LaSalie
84
16
33
46
30
37
45
60
28
18
19
13
34
MoHenry
30
72
16
23
16
hi
38
16
Ocle
36
m
19
Piatt
19
Pike
40
16
Puiaski
11
73
Schedule — Concluded.
Counties.
Population
in 1880.
Quota.
Elgin.
Kanka-
kee.
Jack-
sonville.
Anna.
5,554
25,1)90
15,545
38,302
15,940
52,894
l(i.249
10,741
30,270
11.207
61,806
31,963
29, 666
18,102
41.. 588
9,945
22,933
21,112
21,291
2:3,087
30,885
53,422
19,324
30,505
21,620
7
31
19
46
19
63
19
13
36
13
74
38
36
22
50
12
28
25
26
28
37
64
23
37
26
7
31
19
Rock Island
46
19
63
19
13
Scott ..
Shelby
36
Stark .
13
St. Clair
74
38
36
22
Vermilion
50
Wabash
12
28
25
Wavne .
26
28
Whiteside. .
37
Will
64
23
37
26
Totals
3,077.871
3,690
519
1,608
921
642
We issued and distributed a circular containing- these particu-
lars respectino- the new districts which we were authorized and
required to establish, and also suggesting a plan of making the
necessary transfers between the institutions with the least fric-
tion, expense, or inconvenience to the various parties affected
thereby.
In the absence of Governor Fifer, the acting governor made
the following endorsement upon the circular submitted to him
for his approval:
Executive Office, July 18, 1889.
The provisions of the foregoing circular are approved, and so much of
the same as relates to the l)()un(laries of districts for the insane, and the
quotas of the counties in the state hospitals for the insane, will from this
date have the effect and force of law, ftnd will supersede the provisions
contained in an act approved May 28, 1881. entitled "An act to secure equal-
ity among the counties in the matter of the admission of patients into
the state hospitals for the insane."' etc.
Lymax B. Ray, Acting Governor.
Our plan for making transfers was accepted, and it proved
excellent in practice.
On the sixth of August, 50 patients (27 men and 23 women)
were sent from Kankakee to Elgin, and 50 other patients (27
men and 23 women) were sent from Elgin to Kankakee, to re-
place them. Total transfers, this day, 100.
On the twentieth of August, 55 patients (37 men and 18
women) were sent from Kankakee to .iacksonvilh?, and 53 pa-
tients (35 men and 18 women) from Jacksonville to Kankakee.
Transfers, 108; total, to date, 208.
74
On the third of September, 50 patients (26 men and 24 women)
were sent from Kankakee to Elgin, and 50 patients (26 men
and 24 women) from Elgin to Kankakee. Transfers, 100; total,
to date, 308.
On the seventeenth of September, 59 patients (26 men and 33
women) were sent from Kankakee to Jacksonville, and 52 patients
(30 men and 22 women) from Jacksonville to Kankakee. Trans-
fers, 111; total, to date, 419.
On the first of October, 50 patients (21 men and 29 women)
were sent from Kankakee to Anna, and 58 patients (36 men and
22 women) from Anna to Kankakee. Transfers, 108; total, to
date, 527.
On the fifteenth of October, 66 patients (40 men and 26
women) were sent from Kankakee to Elgin, and 80 patients (45
men and 35 women) from Elgin to Kankakee. Transfers, 146;
total, to date, 673.
On the twenty-ninth of October, 52 patients (34 men and 18
women) were sent from Kankakee to Jacksonville, and 48
patients (23 men and 25 women) from Jacksonville to Kan-
kakee. Transfers, 100; total to date, 773.
On the twelfth of November, 61 patients (26 men and 35
women) were sent from Jacksonville to Kankakee, and 26
patients (9 men and 17 women) from Anna to Jacksonville.
One of the latter group of patients made a visit home, on the
way, and was not received at Jacksonville until the 27th of
February. Transfers, 87; total, to date, 860.
On the fifteenth of November, 52 patients (20 men and 32
women) were sent from Elgin to Kankakee. Transfers, 52;
total, to date, 912.
On the twenty-sixth of November, 44 patients (27 men and
17 women) were sent from Kankakee to Anna, and 60 patients
(16 men and 44 women) from Anna to Kankakee. Transfers,
104; total, to date, 1,016.
All of these transfers were effected Avithout any escape or
other accident of any description. Each party was accom-
panied by an assistant physician and a sufficient number of at-
tendants, of both sexes. Three-fourths or more of the work
was done by the Illinois Central Eailroad, and for care and
courtesy shown by this and other roads we deem it fit to
make this public acknowledgment. In all cases, the patients
and their attendants occupied cars reserved for their exclusive
.use.
The following exhibit shows the aggregate result of the
changes made, at the time:
75
WHICH Admitted.
DiSCHAKGED FROM
Hospital to
Elgin.
Kankakee. Jacksonville
Anna.
Total.
Elgin
Ifij
()1
153
iis
20
227
232
503
i(it;
91
192
94
Total ....
282
420
214
144
1,016
The number of patients at Kankakee was increased by 77,
namely, 20 men and 57 women.
The number of patients at Elgin was diminished by 5,
namely, b^^ G women, less a gain of 1 man.
The number of patients at Jacksonville w^as diminished by
22, namely, 8 men and 1^ women.
The number of patients at Anna was diminished by 50,
namely; 13 men and 37 women.
The effect, at the expiration of one year, both upon the in-
stitutions and upon the counties, is shown in the following-
table :
Table showing the number of pRtients from each county in each
of the insane hospitals of Illinois, July 1, 1880, and July 1,
1800 ; with the numbers in excess or defect of the legal quotas,
July 1, 1800.
Elgin,
Kankakee.
Jacksonv'e
Anna.
Total.
Compared
with
quota.
Cotnties.
1889
1890
1889
1890
1889
1890
1889
1890
1889
1890
De-
fect.
Ex-
cess.
Adams
24
4
5
6
2
12
3
6
14
45
5
10
2
2
12
474
7
59
76
83
23
15
15
12
43
12
19
15
45
30
30
16
17
32
709
15
13
30
24
21
19
22
3
27
18
30
15
46
13
35
83
22
18
15
14
44
9
20
15
50
27
24
15
19
27
737
15
11
27
19
21
24
20
5
23
26
30
20
51
13
33
12
Alexander
19
10
22
18
4
Bond
Boone
9
15
2
1
Brown
■■■■44
i
■■■■56
■■"24
10
31
9
14
Bureau
.
4
Calhoun
9
Carroll
is
19
Cass
11
15
2
7
2
4
3
5
4
6
4
5
4
30
23
14
33
21
2
Richland . . .
2
1
52
9
41
4
19
13
1
12
Sangamon
20
4
5
5
■ ■■i7
55
14
12
62
20
12
4
Schuyler
1
Scott ....
Shelby
15
Stark
6
1
9
1
St. Clair
28
17
12
2
63
43
80
7
Stephenson
21
34
21
34
Union
20
1
8
26
1
10
4
58
9
Wabash
15
9
2
3
17
80
7
21
13
1
18
29
2
18
18
16
26
24
18
1
White
1
1
80
20
2
31
2
Will
IS
19
22
Winnebago
Woodford
26
36
1
21
19
3
1
Total
528
522
1,671
1,087
926
912
638
627
3,7&3
3,748
186
244
7'<
Whereas, on the first of July, 1889, the variations from the
legal quotas were ()12, namely, 345 in excess and 2(57 in defect;
on the first of July, 1890, they were 430, namely, 244 in excess
and 18(5 in defect. At the first date named, these variations
constituted 16% per cent, of the total population of the hospi-
tals; at the latter date, but 11^ per cent.
It will be seen, however, from the table that 33 counties still
have patients in hospitals outside of their own districts, as fol-
lows : Adams, 7 ; Carroll, 1 ; Cook, 6 ; DeKalb, 1 ; DeWitt, 2 ;
Fulton, 1 ; Greene, 5 ; Henry, 1 ; Kankakee, 1 ; Kendall, 1 ; Knox,
1; Lake, 2; LaSalle, 4; Lee, 1; Logan, 1; Macon, 2; Macoupin,
4; Madison, 1; Marshall, 4; Mason, 1; McHeni-y, 1; McLean,
1 ; Piatt, 2 ; Rock Island, 13 ; Sangamon, 5 ; St. Clair, 1 ; Ver-
milion, 1 ; Warren, 1 ; White, 1 ; Whiteside, 1 ; Will, 2 ; Winne-
bago, 1 ; Woodford, 3. The aggregate number of patients thus
receiving benefits to which they are not entitled by law is 80.
They are distributed in the hospitals as follows: At Elgin, 12;
at Kankakee, 45 ; at Jacksonville, 18 ; at Anna, 5 ; total, 80.
Of the patients who belong at Elgin, 18 are at Kankakee, 4
at Jacksonville, and 1 at Anna; total, 23.
Of those who belong at Kankakee, 12 are at Elgin, 13 at
Jacksonville, and 3 at Anna; total, 28.
Of those who belong at Jacksonville, 26 are at Kankakee, and
1 at Anna ; total, 27.
Of those who belong at Anna, 1 is at Kankakee, and 1 at
Jacksonville; total, 2.
By these exchanges, the Elgin district gains 11 beds to which
it is not entitled, and the Jacksonville district gains 9. On the
other hand, the Kankakee district loses 17 beds, and the Anna
district 3.
The details are shown in the followino; table:
HOSPITALS TO WHICH PATIENTS BELONG.
Elgin.
Kankakee.
Jacksonville
Anna.
Total.
Elgin
12
12
18
4
1
26
1
1
■45
13
3
18
Anna
i
5
Total ...
23
28
27
2
80
The Elgin district gains 6 beds from Kankakee, 4 from Jack-
sonville, and 1 fi-om Anna. The Kankakee district gains 2 beds
from Anna. The Jacksonville district gains 13 beds from Kan-
kakee.
There is nothing in the act, which authorizes these commit-
ments outside of the districts from which patients are sent, nor
their retention. It is important that an end should be put to
this abuse as soon as possible, since it is not practicable so to
78
adjust exchanges between districts as to preserve the rights of
the counties, (^f the 80 patients carried by the hospitals, in ex-
cess of their legal quotas. 68 are from counties not attached to
their districts, and the districts are deprived of these beds, for
whicli they receive in return the doubtful chance of an equal
number of beds elsewhere.
If exchanges are to be made, they should be made with the
knowledge and consent of the commissioners of public charities,
and not without sufficient cause, nor where the lack of recipro-
city between districts renders such exchanges inequitable. For
this purpose, some additional legislation is desirable.
So soon as the population of Illinois in 1890. by counties,
shall be nmde known, and the additions to the hospitals at
Elgin. Jacksonville, and Anna shall be ready for occupancy, we
shall make a new apportionment of beds in the several hospitals.
and change the present boundaries of the insane districts, if
necessary, in order to secure equality of benefits to the counties
in the matter of caring for their insane.
But it appears to us that equity demands that the cost of
making the transfers should be met from the state treasury,
and that it ought not to fall upon a few counties which happen
to be situated near the shifting lines between the districts. A
small appropriation for this purpose might be inserted in the
general appropriation bill, after the clause relating to the con-
veying of convicts to the penitentiaries.
REVISION OF OUR LUNACY LAWS.
We again ask the attention of the general assembly to the
necessity which exists for a revision of the statutes relating to
insanity, in this state.
We do not care to repeat what we have said before, on this
subject. We have discussed it fully, in our fifth biennial report,
pages 68-7o : in our sixth biennial report, pages 77 89 : in our
seventh biennial report, pages 123-136 and 331-341 : in our
eighth biennial report, pages 93-141; in our ninth biennial re-
port, pages 85-120: and in our tenth biennial report, pages
60-68. We can add nothing new. There is no more urgent
need in the way of legislation, in our opinion: and we trust
that some member of the senate or house may come forward as
the champion of the rights of the insane.
We content ourselves, for the present, by reproducing here
the indictment framed by us against the present law in our last
report :
(L) The provisions relating to the commitment of patients to the
hospitals for the insane seem to be based upon the theory that insanity
is a crime, rather than a disease.
(2.) The statute fails to recognize the legal distinction between a trial
and an inquest.
(3.) The jury provided for is a jury of six. and not a legal jury.
79
(4.) It is not clear that the law requires that the same safeguards against
improper commitment should be thrown around a lunatic committed to a
county insane asylum as those which it renders obligatory in the case of
lunatics committed to a state institution.
(5.) Chapter 85 prescriVjes one form of inquest for an insane person
whom it is proposed to send to a hospital for treatment, while chapter 86
prescribes a totally different form of proceeding for the determination of
the insanity of one for whom it is proposed that a conservator l)e ap-
pointed.
(G.) The legal status of a person adjudged to be insane in the county
court, in respect of his rights as a citizen, is undefined and uncertain.
(7.) No method is suggested for the determination of the restoration to
reason of a person once adjudged to be insane, for whom a conservator
has not been appointed.
(8.) The law leaves it uncertain whether or not a new trial and a new
verdict are necessary for the recommitment of an insane person who has
been discharged from the state hospital as not recovered.
(9.) Th.) relation of the judge who makes the order of commitment to
the patient, after his reception into a state hospital, is not defined.
(10.) The provisions relating to temporary commitments, pending pro-
ceedings and previous to verdict, or after verdict, and pending admission
to the hospital, are so vague as to require judicial interpretation.
(11.) Under this act insane persons may be, and are, frequently detained
In county jails for an unreasonable length of time.
(12.) There is nothing in the act to prevent the improper treatment
and abuse of patients in county almshouses.
(13.) The act directs that insane patients shall be branded as paupers,
who are not paupers in fact.
(14.) The only method provided for the determination of the mental
condition of a patient in any state hospital, who claims to have recovered
his reason, is by a writ of habeas corpus.
(15.) A trial by jury is made obligatory in all cases, irrespective of, the
necessity for it, and of its effect upon the patient, thus entailing un-
necessary expense upon the counties, and giving rise to much needless suffer-
ing on the part of patieuts and th(;ir friends, Ijesides preventing the early
treatment of many insane persons in the hospital, and thus increasing the
amount of incurable insanity in this state.
(16.) No authority is conferred upon the county judge to conduct a
hearing in an insane case elsewhere than that at the county court-room,
even though there are known to be many cases in which the patient can-
not be brought to the county-seat without great hardship and risk.
(17.) The law does not provide for the exclusion from the court-room,
during the trial of insanity cases, of persons not interested in the pro-
ceeding, who are attracted to it simply by idle curiosity and the desire to
extract amusement out of the misfortunes of others.
(18.) Practically, the medical witness in the case and the medical member of
the jury control the verdict, and the non-medical memliers of the jury
simply assent to the conclusion formulated Ijy the foreman. Thus in effect
two physicians really pass upon the case, but they are placed in a position
where they can evade the resposibility which should properly attach to
them.
(19.) The form of medical certificate, including the history of the case,
required by this act, is wholly inadequate.
(20.) The law does not confer power upon any officer of the state gov-
ernment to prevent or remedy, by summary process, any wrong which may
he done to an insane person by those who have him in charge.
(21.) It contains no provision for the transfer of patients from one state
hospital to another, or from a county to a state institution.
80
(22.) It provides no method for ascertaining the number of insane per-
sons in the state, their condition, or their needs. Those who have been
adjudged to be insane cannot be further traced, nor their condition and
treatment known, when once they have been discharged from the hospital:
but they are left entirely without legal protection.
Every one of these counts in the indictment against the present statute
can be" sustained by abundant evidence, drawn from the statute itself,
from the legislation of other states, and from our personal knowledge of
the operation of the law. From every point of view, from the stand-point
of the lawyer as well as that of the physician, it is bad law, and very objec-
tionable both in theory and in practice. We are amazed that the legis-
lature should so persistently, and, as it seems to us, without reason or
humanity, shut its eyes to the defects in it and refuse to correct them, in
spite of every effort made to secure attention to them.
81
CHAPTER III.
THE DUPAGE COUNTY INVESTIGATION.
On the 28tli of November, 1889, Mr. Earl W. Fisher, president
of the Wheaton Humane ^^ociety, addressed a letter to the gov-
ernor, of which the following is a copy:
To his Excellency, Hon. Joseph Fifer, Governor of the State of Illinois:
The undersigned, the Wheaton Humane Society, a branch of the Illi-
nois Humane Society, through its president and secretary, respectfully
requests your excellency to institute, through the proper officers of the
board of state commissioners of public charities, a speedy and thor-
ough investigation of the condition and treatment of the insane and
paupers in the DuPage county poorhouse, during the past six months,
requiring such officers to receive testimony, investigate and inquire into
the facts of the case, and that notice of the taking of such testimony be
given to the undersigned.
The attention of your excellency is called to the articles herewrith en-
closed, published in the Chicago Herald of November 26th and 27th,
which articles, we believe, can by undoubted testimony, be proven to be
substantially correct.
Praying a speedy answer to our petition, we are,
Very respectfully, etc.
Earl W. Fisher, President.
W. P. Paddon, Secretary.
Wheaton, DuPage county, November 28, 1889.
ThiR letter was accompanied by the following personal letter
from Judge Drummond:
Wheaton, III., November 28, 1889.
Hon. Joseph Fifer, Governor:
Dear Sir — I have no personal knowledge of the complaints made— that
is of the facts charged— against the management of the DuPage county
poorhouse, but from information which I believe to be true, I think
there has been much abuse of its inmates, and especially of those who
are insane, and, in my judgment, a full investigation is due to the public as
well as to the managers of the poorhouse.
I am very respectfully,
Thomas Drummond.
—6 P. C.
82
To the foregoing letter the governor made the following reply:
Earl, W. Fisher, President Wheaton Humane Society, Wheatan, Illinois:
Dear Sir — I have your communication of T^ovember 28, enclosing clip-
pings from the Chicago Herald, also a letter from Thomas Drummond, re-
lating to the mismanagement of the DuPage county poorhouse, and re-
questing that I direct the board of state commissioners of public char-
ities to investigate the condition and treatment of the insane and paupers
in the DuPage county poorhouse. In reply, I would say that it appears
to me that these charges should be investigated by the county authorities.
Even if the board of public charities had the means to pay the expenses
of an investigation, they would have no authority, under the statutes, to
correct any of the alleged abuses. I suggest, therefore, that you submit
the charges to the proper authorities of your county. However, I will re-
fer your letter to the board of public charities.
Yours very truly.
Joseph W. Pifer.
In the absence of Mr. Wines from the city, Mr. Fisher's letter
was handed to the assistant sec etary, Mr. John W. Whipp,
who telegraphed the president of the board, Mr. C. G. Trusdell.
in Chicago, and, by his direction, visited the DuPage county
almshouse for the purpose of verifying the truth of the charges
preferred. The result of Mr. Whipp\s observations was commun-
icated by him to the president in a letter written December 4, in
which he saj^s:
Honorable Luther H. Hiatt accompanied me to the poorhouse. On
the way we met Mr. King, the chairman of the poorhouse committee. I
inspected every part of the building, commencing with the heater in the
basement, which seems to be well adapted to heat all parts of the build-
ing, but it requires fuel, and the reason that the inmates suffered with
the cold during three days, was not the fault of the heater but the ab-
sence of coal, which (the keeper said) it was impossible to procure sooner. It
was simply bad management. In the construction of the building, no pro-
vision has been made for the proper separation of the sexes; they laave sepa-
rate rooms on the same floors, but the sitting and dining-rooms. which are
in the basement, are used in common. The food is plain and wholesome,
but a little more variety should be given to the sick and the infirm. The
rooms on each floor were found to be clean and well furnished; some of
the rooms were furnished by the inmates. The bedsteads furnished by
the county are of iron, with woven wire mattresses, upon which are placed
hair mattresses, which, together with the bed-clothing, were clean and
neatly kept. The health of the inmates was reported as good, and they
appear to be cleanly and moderately well clothed.
The cells occupied by the insane were in a horrible condition ; the floors
were filthy, and the stench was sickening. It seems that these cells were
floored with zinc, before being occupied, but the first occupants became
very filthy, wallowing in their own excrement and throwing it in every
direction. The walls became filthy, and, in order that the filth might be
easily removed, the walls were covered with zinc. But the seeds of the
sickening odor had entered the walls before the zinc was placed there,
and the odor continues to grow in strength and pungency, and pervades
the whole building, and may breed sickness. Three women and one man
are locked in these cells, day and night. There are neither privy-seats nor
drains connected with either of the cells, and, when nature requires at-
tention, the floors of the cells or the clothing of the inmates or both must be-
come polluted.
The charges relating to the treatment of the insane are in most respects
true. These women have torn off their clothing nearly as fast as it could
be put on, until the keeper ceased to furnish it, and they were constantly
83
in a nude state, until the expose was made in the newspapers. At the
time of tills visit, they were clothed, and their hands secured, so that
they could not destroy their clothing, hut their clothing was filthy and
could not be expected to be otherwise, under such conditions. The keeper
said that these women had no female attendant, and that no female about
the building would l)e able to manage them. He said that he had cared
for theni himself, cleaned their cells, and washed and bathed their
persons as often as twice each week, and, at one time, he had to call
another man to assist in giving one of the women a bath. He said that
was the only time that any male but himself had seen these women in
their nude state.
When asked as to the condition of these insane women, when brouglit
to the poorhouse, he stated that Louise Schuessler was received Sei)t em-
ber 22, 1889, in a cleanly condition and well clothed. She was immediate-
ly placed in a cell and locked up, and the same night commenced to tear
her clothing. Miss Boel)el came October 2, 1889. She was well clothed
and cleanly, but had on a strait-jacket, and became violent as soon as
her strait-jacket was removed.
I said to the superintendent and chairman of the poorhouse committee,
that a competent female attendant should be i)rovided for the care of
these women : that it was indecent and scandalous for a man to l)athe and
give such attentions to naked women as the superintendent admitted to
have done. The chairman replied that, if money would procure a female
attendant, one should be secured at once; that it was their intention to
do right and to treat all the inmates in a proper manner.
Now, as I look at this matter, I am convinced that the county autliori-
ties are not wholly to blame for the disgraceful condition of matters at
the poorhouse and" of insane patients. Such patients should not have
been sent from the hospital at Elgin. The officers of the Northern Hos-
pital knew that the women returned to DuPage county were the worst
and most troul)lesome patients belonging to that county. Dr. Sedgwick
admitted to me that this was the case, and that they wanted to get rid
of them for that reason. They also knew that, in sending these trouble-
some characters to DuPage county, they were violating the si)irit, if not
the letter of the law. The law provides that such cases shall have the
preference of being retained in the hospital over those of an opposite de-
scription. I think it is an f)utrage to return such cases to the county, and
the women should be returned to the hospital at once. There is not one
county in the state (with the excejition of Cook) that can properly care
for such characters.
On the 6th of December, Mr. Whipp addressed the following
letter to the attorney -general :
State of Illinois, Board of Public Charities,
Sprincjfield, December (i, 1889.
Hon. George Hunt, Attwney-General, State Capitol:
Dear Sir — Will you be kind enough to answer the following questions:
1. Have the trustees of a state hospital for the insane the right to
discharge chronic insane patients, who are violent, filthy, and who, if not
prevented by means of resti'aint or careful attention, will strip off their
clothing and remain nude, while other chronic insane patients from the
same county, who are quiet, harmless, and easily cared for, are retained in
the hospital?
2. If the trustees have not the right to discharge such patients, by
what process can they be compelled to re-admit them"?
Yours very respectfully,
J. W. WiiiPP, Assistant secretary.
84 •
The following is the reply of the attorney-general.
State of Ili,inoi!?. Attorney-Gknekal'.s Office,
December 6. 1889.
J. W. Whipp, Assistant secretary, State Board of Charities:
Dear Sir — Your favor of this date is at liand, asking wliether the trus-
tees of the state hospital for tlie insane have the right to discharge pa-
tients who are violent, lllthy, and who, if not prevented, etc., will strip
off their clothing and remain nude, while other insane patients from the
same county, who are quiet, harmless, and easily cared for, are retained
in the hospital.
The last clause of section 3 of an act to regulate the state charitable
institutions, etc., approved April 15, 18T5, provides that, in the admission
and retention of patients, curable and recent cases shall have the prefer-
ence over cases of long standing, and that violent, dangerous, or other-
wise troublesome cases shall have preference over those of an opposite
description.
In my opinion, if the trustees of the hospital for the insane should
find it advisable or necessary to discharge cases of long standing, in order
to receive recent and curable cases, if, in the cases of long standing, there
were cases who were quiet, harmless, and easily cared for, and others
who were dangerous, violent, or troublesome, the violent, dangerous, and
troublesome ones should be retained, and the quiet ones first discharged.
The statute seems quite clear on this point, and leaves substantially no
ground for construction.
Very truly yours,
George Hunt, Attorney-General.
On the 14th of December, Governor Fifer addressed the fol-
lowing letter to Mr. Trusdell, the president of the board.
Executive Office, Springfield, III., December 14, 1889.
Rev. Charles G. Trusdell, President Board of Public Chanties, Chicago, III:
Dear Sir— Complaint has been made to me of the abuses of the treat-
ment of insane persons in the DuPage county poorhouse, and I have a
request from Judge Drummond, of Chicago, requesting that you, as presi-
dent of the board, should examine into the management of this institu-
tion, so far as it relates to these insane cases. I sincerely hope that you
may be able to reply at an early day to Judge Drummond's request, and
give the matter such attention as in your judgment would seem right
and proper.
Yours very truly,
Joseph W. Fifer.
Mr. Wines, secretary of the board, \vrote, December 23, 1889,
to Dr. Kilbourne, as follows:
State of Illinois, Board of Public Charities,
December 23, 1889.
Dr. E. a. Kilbourne, Elgin, III:
My Dear Sir— No doubt you have seen in the newspapers, mention of
the scandal respecting the treatment of Miss Schuessler and Miss Boebel
in the DuPage county poorhouse. Mr. Whipp investigated the case,
during my absence, and found that these women are in cells filthy with
excrement, and that they tear their clothing from their bodies, when not
mechanically restrained: that there are no female attendants, and that
the male keeper has been compelled to bathe them with his own hands,
at one time calling in another man to assist him with one of them; and
that they have been for considerable periods of time in a nude state.
85
The governor has requested Mr. Trusdell, president of the state hoard
of charities, to make a formal investigation of all the facts of the case,
hearing testimony for and against the management of the poor-house,
and deciding, if possible, where the blame lies for tlie reported condition
of these unfortunate inmates. We expect to enter upon this investigation
on the 2d of January.
I desire to call your attention to the third section of the act to regu-
late the state charitable institutions, which provides that "in the admis-
sion and n'tention of patients, violent, dangerous, or othcnvlse troublesome
cases shall have the preference over those of an opposite description."
We have the opinion of the attorney-general that the meaning of this
section is too clear, to leave substantially any ground for construction. On
the other hand, Dr. Sedgwick, one of the trustees of the Northern
Hospital, stated to Mr. Whii)p that these were two of the most trouble-
some women in the institution from that county, and that it was desired
to get rid of them for that reason. The fourth section of the act creat-
ing a hoard of public charities requires them to visit the state institu-
tions and "ascertain whether the laws in relation to them are fully com-
plied with." In the present instance, there appears, lyrima fade, to have
bern ;i violation of the law, in the discharge of the two female patients
anrnol. from the hospital at Elgin, of which they were formerly inmates.
Tlii,- question will come up in any investigation which may be made as
to this case. It is therefore desirable that you be present to answer it. In
case the date should be changed, I will notify you: otherwise please ac-
cept tills as sutficient notice.
Meanwhile, I desire to ask you whether these two unfortunate women
can be returned to the hospital at Elgin, and whether you' will receive
them?
Vei'y truly yours,
Frkd. H. Wines.
Thiri letter resulted in the return of Miss Schuessler and Miss
Boeb(4 to the hospital at Elj^in.
Notice of the proposed investig'ation was also sent to the
snfiervisors, throu(»;h Mr. Milton Ellsworth, the county clerk of
DuPage county.
On the 2d of January, the president of the board, Mr. Trus-
dell, accompanied by the secretary, Mr. Wines, began an in-
vestigation of the case, in the county court-room, at Wheaton,
which lasted during two days, and, after its completion, they
made the following report to the governor:
Report of the State Commissioners of Public ClmJ'ities Relating
to the Care of Insane Paupers in the DuPage County
Almshouse, at Wheaton, Illinois.
Hon. .FosEPn W. Fifeh, Governor of Illinois:
Sir — We have the honor to submit to you the following report of an
official investigation, niade by us at your request, of the management of
the i>aPage county almshouse, and especially of the treatment therein
afforded to insane ])au})ers.
The Chicago Herald of November 26th published an article, in which it
was SHid that on Tuesday, November 19, Miss Mary Knipi;eii and Mrs.
Mary Coons, of Wheaton, visited the almshouse, where they saw a pauper
inmate, an old woman, named Eiizabetli Hildebrandt, in a dying condi-
tion, half naked and disgustingly dirty, who appeared to them to be
n*'gli'cted by the authorities in charge: that they also saw an insane woman,
86
Miss Louise Schiiessler, who had been discharged from the state hospital
for thi* insane at Elgin, and was conflaed at the almshouse in a small
cell, lined with zinc, and wholly unfurnished, which was in such a filthy
state that the odor from it had the effect to nearly make them faint
away: moreover. Miss Scliuessler was absolutely naked. These two ladies
were told that in a cell adjoining there was another insane woman, but
they did not see her. At the time of their visit, they learned that there
had b?en no Are in the building for three days. The article in the Herald
further stated that Mr. and Mrs. Ehinger, of Wheaton. who were of the
party, were not permitted to see either of the two insane women in cells;
the keeper of the almshouse refused to exhibit them, on the ground that
they liad their clothing torn off, and were not presentable, but Mr. and
Mrs. Ehinger were disgusted by the odor which came through the door.
Finally, the Herald said that two ladles from Wheaton went to the alms-
house on Friday, November 22. for the purjiose of verifying the truth of
these reports, but Mrs. Broughton, the keeper's wife, said that her hus-
band had the keys to their rooms, and would not be back for some time,
accordingly they did not see them. They received, however, tlie full bene-
fit of the awful stench, and Mrs. Broughton admitted to them that the
women were naked and fllthy. She said, in answtr to the question, "How
often are they bathed?" "Oh, they don't want to be washed." On the
27th of November, the Herald printed a second article containing an in-
terview with Dr. Sedgwick, of Wheaton, in which he condemned the alms-
house and its management in severe terms. He especially mentioned the
case of an insane woman. Mrs. Whitcomb, who was kept there for several
days, in the early part of September, with no clothing except a single un-
dergarment on her body and a single sheet on her bed.
These articles were the basis of the investigation made by us. We are
pained to be compelled to report that, while the charges were not sus-
tained in every minute detail, they v^^ere sustained as a whole, by the
sworn testimony of witnesses whose truthfulness was not attempted to be
impeached. The evidence introduced in rebuttal principally tended to show
that the statements in the Herald were somewhat exaggerated and sensa-
tional: that the condition of these insane women. Miss Louise Schuessler
and Miss Mary Boebel, was not at all times what it was on the 22nd and
27th of November; and that the county authorities had no intention of
doing anything wrong, but supposed themselves to be doing the l)est for
them that could be done under the circumstances.
The almshouse at Wheaton is a brick building, thirty-eight Ixv tifty feet,
fronting east, with a high basement and two stories above it. On the
main floor, on the north side of the building, are two insane departments,
one for each sex, one at the east and one at the west end of the hall.
Each of them is fifteen feet long by twelve and a half feet in width ; and
each is divided by partitions into a corridor five feet wide by fifteen feet
in length, lighted by one window at the end. and two cells, about seven
and a half feet square, in each of which there is a small window, near
the ceiling. These windows are covered by gratings. There is a door,
with a grated opening, between each insane corridor and the main hall.
The almshouse is new, having been completed and occupied in March last.
Though not, in its architectural arrangement and construction, a model
tor imitation, it is nevertheless a fair building, fairly well kept, being
clean throughout: and the beds, bedding, and furniture are sufficient and
comfortable. A large number of wcu'kuu^n. who were engaged on the
premises during the summer and fall months, have slept in the almshouse
and eaten at the same table with the pauper inmates. They testify that
the accomodations and the food furnished were entirely satisfactory to
them. No complaint is made of the treatment of the insane inmates who
have the freedom of the place. The investigation, therefore, was restricted
almost wholly to the condition of these insane departments and the treat-
ment of the patients incarcerated in tliem.
It is our opinion that apartments of this description ai-e unfit iilaces in
which to keep insane persons, even if comfortably furnished and kept
perfectly clean, because of their "insufficient size. We are further of the
87
opinion that there is sufficient accommodation, in the state hospitals for
the insane, for all insane persons who require mechanical restraint or
isolation, and that no such patients should ever he discharged from the
state institutions. In that case, no necessity could rest uijon the authori-
ties of any county in the state to provide any insane department, planned,
as this is, for the seclusion of insane paupers in single cells.
Louise Schuessler and Mary Boebel are chronic cases of many yearSj
standing. In the hospital at Elgin, the former gave no special or extra-
ordinary trouble; but Miss Boebel was an uncommonly difficult patient to
handle. If not the worst case to manage, from Dul'age county, there
was certainly but one other from that county that would surpass her.
When returned to the hospital, her former attendant remarked that she
had heard that Miss Boebel was to be brought back, and she had thought
of resigning her place in consequence, since she would rather take care
of any ten patients in the ward than of her. We have been unable to
ascertain who recommended her discharge, but it is impossible to justify
it, in view of tlie language of the statute, which provides that, in tha
retention of chronic insane patients, preference sliall be given to the
violent, dangerous, or otherwise troublesome. The excuse given for the
action of the trustees, by Dr. Sedgwick, is that Miss Boebel is not a legal
resident of the state of Illinois, liaving been brought from Germany to
this country, while still insane. But the state has for years accepted the
care of her, and, if not a resident of the state, neither is she a resident
of DuPage county.
Miss Schuessler was brought to the almshouse from the hospital on
September 22d, and Miss Boebel on October 2d. They remained until
December 28th, or about three and four months, respectively. So long as
Miss Schuessler was the sole occupant of the insane department for
women, she had the freedom of tlie corridor as well as of her cell. But
when Miss Boebel ariived, it became necessary to confine each of them in
a wooden box, little more than seven feet square. These cells were not
originally lined with zinc. But both of the women were destructive and
filthy in their habits. They tore their clothing and their bedding; they
pounded on the tloor with their bedsteads; they emptied the contents of
their vessels on the floor, and daubed the walls" with tilth; they smashed
earthen pots, and reduced tin slop-pails to a sliapeless mass of metal.
The keeper of the institution, Mr. George Broughton, who was a good farmer,
and probably a good man, but wholly inexperienced in the management
of the insane, tlrst took away their bedsteads; then he removed their
beds and bedding by day, putting in ticks tilled with straw for their use
at night. Finding it impossible to clean the tilth from the cracks in the
the plank walls of their cells, the walls and floors were lined with zinc,
in order to enable him to keep them in a somewhat more tidy state. It
seemed to him to be folly longer to supply vessels of any sort to women
who would not use them; there were no privy-seats in" the cells; there
were no openings in the zinc lining for drainage; and the result must be
apparent, without ])utting it in words. Mr. Broughton claims that the
cells were scrul)bed out daily, and oftener if necessary; he employed a
man for this i)urp()se, because, as he alleges, (but we do not believe), no
woman strong ciUKigh to handle Miss Boebel could be hired to render this
service. The chairman of the county board says that it is useless to deny that
there was a stench, and that they did not know how to get rid of it. The
man employed to clean the cells threw up his job. in spite of an offered
increase of wages, because the discharge of the duties of it made him
vomit; and clothes were hung over the opening of the door from the cor-
ridor into the main hall, partly in order to prevent the sickening smell
from pervading the building. There were no chairs or benches in the
cells. These unfortunate women had to stand, or to sit or lie on the floor.
Their clothes and persons were dirty; they soiled their beds at night.
And there was no female attendant to care for them. Mrs. Broughton
could not do it, for she had not the physical strength needed, and her
time was taken up in the kitchen and with the cares of general house-
keeping. Accordingly, it was the custom of Mr. Broughton himself, with
the help of the hired man, to bathe them in a tub. as he savs. several
88
times a week. He claims that his wife was always present, hut how to recon-
cile this claim with her statement that they "did not want to be washed,"
we do not precisely see. There were no special facilities provided for
feeding them: food was carried to their cells on a plate, but there was,
of course, no table on which to set a plate. They would frequently tear
their clothes, or take them off, if left to themselves: and, in order to
prevent this, it was his habit to keep tlieir arms and hands tied together
with strong twine, sometimes in front of them, and sometimes behind
them. They would at times get this twine off, while alone, and might
have made use of it for suicidal purposes, if so inclined, to say nothing of
the pain which it must have occasioned. The supervisor from the town
of Naperville, and a friend who accompanied him, testified that, on one
occasion, they saw Miss Schuessler taking her food, lying on her stomach,
with her hands tied behind her, from a plate on the dirty floor, and that
afterwards she got up on her feet, and, the piece of meat between her
teeth being too large for her to swallow or even to bite, she pushed it
with her mouth against the wall and the grating of the window, in order
to be able to masticate it. Mr. Broughton. the keeper, admitted that he
saw the latter imrt of this performance, without offering to assist her in
any way: but he said he did not see her eating from the floor. He
exJDlained, however, that he had set her plate on the floor of her cell
temporarily, while engaged in feeding Miss Boebel, with the expectation
of returning in a few moments. But the fact, as stated, was not dis-
puted.
We do not think it essential to present any of the other facts brought out
by this investigation, not because they are unimportant in themselves.. but
because these are the material features of the case, and sufficient to illus-
trate the treatment given these women. It is superfluous to say that it
was a disgrace to the county, to the state, and to the civilization of the
nineteenth century. We are' sorry that justice requires us to add that it has
been many times duplicated in other county almshouses of this and other
states. One circumstance we must mention, namely, that the keeper's
residence is detached from the building occupied by the paupers, and that,
although the door of the insane department for women was kept locked
by day. to prevent intrusion upon them, it was unlocked at night, in or-
der, to admit of getting at tliem in case of necessity: the other paupers
were locked in their rooms: Ixit. in the words of the keeper himself, there
was nothing to prevent the hired male attendant and the workmen who
slept in the poorhouse from having access to these women for immoral
purposes, '"if they were mean enough to do so."'
After the exposure made in the Chicago Herald, the board of super-
visors of DuPage county, with even a fuller opportunity to know the facts
than we had at our command, and although they were notitted that sworn
testimony could be produced to prove these charges, (if it would be heard),
adopted, with only one dissenting vote, a resolution declaring the manage-
ment of the poorhouse to be admirable and wholly satisfactory.
It is claimed l)y them that the attack made u])on the management was.
prompted by unworthy and malicious motives. Into that question we re-
fuse to entet. since we are unable to see how the motives of any jjersou
or persons could atfect the truth or falsity of the charges brought, which
was the only issue in which we took an interest, or with which we had
any concern. Whatever may have been their motives, the men and women
who brought about this investigation rendered a service to humanity, at
great personal risk and cost, for which they merit the thanks of every
friend of the insane.
It is difficult to apportion rightly the responsibility for the state of
affairs of which com])laint is here made. We absolve the board and its
agents of any crimiiuil intention or willful and conscious cruelty. They
were simply ignorant and careless, possibly no more so than the majority
of men who Occupy a similar relation to the care of the insane. They
had no experience to guide them: the duty suddenly imposed on them was
a novel one, and they had no familiarity with the character of care be-
stowed upon patients in the state institutions, or even in well managed
89
almshouses of other counties, nor did they take any steps to inform them-
selves. If they had been less indifferent to the sufferings of paupers, and
less absorbed in building, and in cafing for the farm, a very little thought
and reflection ought to have made them conscious of their neglect. It
needs no expert knowledge to teach men who have never seen an insane
woman, that no woman ought to be bathed by the hands of men, or left
exposed at night to the peril of a possible criminal assault.
It seems to us of greater consequence to point out the way in which
similar abuses may be prevented in the future. Miss Schuessler and Miss,
Boebel, with John Ratjen, an insane man, whose treatment was better
than theirs, because he was better able to care for himself, have been
taken back to the hospital at Elgin. The two insane departments are
now emi)ty, and they will ]jrobably remain empty for a long time to come.
They have been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected, and the stench which
formerly clung to the walls is no longer apparent. But additional legisla-
tion is demanded for the care of the insane of Illinois, in certain direc-
tions which we proceed briefly to indicate, in the hope that your excel-
lency will bring this subject to' the attention of the general assembly, at
its next session.
For twenty years past, we have vainly endeavored to secure a revision
of the lunacy laws of this state, which are very defective. You are aware
of the great difficulty of inducing the legislature to acknowledge the de-
mand for additional provision for the insane in state institutions, and to
meet it. Even when the additions shall have been made to the four ex-
isting state hospitals for the insane, for which the last general assembly
appropriated money, these hospitals will accommodate little more than
one-half of our insane. The rest must be cared for by their families, and,
if that is impossible, the county almshouses afford the only available
refuge for them. Yet there is no law on our statute-books to regulate
the care of the insane on county farms. It is even a matter of doubt
whether they can be legally committed to them or detained in them. The
duties of the county boards, with reference to insane paupers, are not de-
flned by law. If they were, no nuichinery has been provided for compelling
them to perform their duty, if ihdisposed to do so. No doubt a popular
impression exists that the state commissioners of public charities have
power to prevent, or to remedy, the abuse of the insane on coimty farms.
But they have no such power. Until the legislature shall see tit to lodge
the requisite power in their hands, or to vest it in some other agency, in
which it may repose greater confldence, there is no remedy, except in
public sentiment, for any unconscious and unintentional cruelty to the in-
sane, of which county boards may, in their ignorance or parsimony, be
guilty.
We have asked the legislature for power simply to appoint local boards
of visitors to the county almshouses and jails, to serve without pay, with
whom we might be in correspondence, and who might expose abuses
where they exist, or correct them by moral suasion, without publicity.
But this has been denied.
We have asked for power to order the transfer of insane ])atients not
properly cared for on county farms to state hospitals for tlu^ insane, with-
out the consent of the county authorities or of the hospital superintend-
ents, at our discretion, but this has been denied.
We have asked that the county oflHcials, before erecting buildings for
the care of insane paui)ers, shall be required to submit the plans for such
buildings to us for approval, but this has also been denied.
• It appears to us that the legislature ought either to provide for more
efficient oversight and control of the insane on county farms, or else to for-
bid their reception and retention in county almshouses.
Some relief will ensue, if the county boards themselves, ])y concurrent
action, can create a pul)lic opinion which will justify the legislature in
making the lai"ge expenditures from the state treasury necessary to pro-
vide for the care of all the insane of Illinois. But such relief can only be
temporary, since the growth of insanity, all over the United States, is far
90
more rapid than the growth of the population at large. And we must
reiterate the conviction which we have so many times expressed, that the
perpetual enlargement of the existing istate institutions for the insane can
be regarded in no other light than as a great public evil, disastrous to
the interests of the insane themselves, which is the outgrowth of local
greed for increased appropriations, the ambition of superintendents, and
a popular delusion that such enlargement is in the end cheaper than
.proper provision would be in separate and smaller establishments. Not-
withstanding our well founded reluctance to see any formal separation of
the curable and chronic insane in distinct institutions, we are prepared to
accept and urge the creation of one or more institutions for the chronic
insane alone, to which the insane now on county farms may be removed,
rather than longer witness the evils of the existing system of county care,
or give our consent to further additions to the present capacity of the
hospitals at Kankakee, Jacksonville, Anna, and Elgin.
We respectfully call your attention to the case of Miss Boebel, who is
uot a legal resident of this state, or of the United States, l)ut who has
been, we think, a public charge for about a dozen years, and has cost the
people of Illinois, who are not responsible for her care, between two and
three thousand dollars. Ought not provision to be made by law for the
return to their own homes, in other states or lands, of all similar cases?
This is done in New York and Massachusetts. The number of such cases
is probably quite large, and they are not covered by any existing legisla-
tion.
Finally, we point to a fresh illustration of the absurdity of the present
mode of commitment of the insane by jury, which came to our knowledge
during this investigation. In the case of Mrs. Whitcomb, to which ref-
erence has been made, it appears that she had two jury trials, one week
apart: that the same physician was foreman of both juries, and that the
first jury declared her sane, but that the second jury declared her insane.
This physician was on the stand, and he asked to be permitted to ex-
plain so" striking an anomaly, which he proceeded to do, by stating that
the first iury declared her sane, not because she was really sane, but be-
cause her aunt was willing to take care of her, and so save expense
(although she was a recent and curable case) to the county and to the
state. Probably many verdicts rendered by juries in insane cases have no
more substantial basis than this.
The insane need protection. They are deprived of the opportunity, if
not the capacity, to protect themselves. Hence arises the obligation which
rests upon the state board of public charities to champion their cause.
It was for this special end that this board was created, and we invoke
the aid of the press of the entire state in this effort to enlighten the
public as to their number, situation and needs. The people of Illinois do
uot wish them treated otherwise than with justice and humanity, and
have never seriously complained of the cost of properly caring for them.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
We have the honor to be
Your obedient servants,
Chart.es G. Tuusdell,
Frederick H. Wines.
Chicago, January 4, 1890.
The supervisors of DuPao'e county, at their January meeting,
adopted resolutions, of which we submit a copy, as follows:
91
State ok Illinois, i
Us.
DuPage County. i
Board of Sitpehvisoks,
Special January Term, A. D. 1800.
On iNIonday, the twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and ninety, being the tirst day of the special
January term, isvio.
Present: William Kino, Chairman.
M. S. Ellswoktit, Clerk.
William llatlije.
James Shields.
Allen H. Fairlnink.
John Christie,
William L. Gary, > Present. V Members of the Poard
Henry L. Glos, ( / of Sni")ervisors.
H. C." INFiddaugh,
Fred Andermann.
Peter Thompson.
Barney L. Franzen and Valentine A. Dieter, absentj
Attest: M. S. Ellsworth, Gkrk.
Be it remembered, that on Monday, the twentieth day of Januar.y, A. D.
1890. the same being as yet one of the days of the aforesaid meeting of
said board of supervisors, the following among other proceedings was had
and entered of record on said board, in tlie words and figures following,
to- wit:
The chairman called supervisor Gary to the chair.
The following resolutions were presented by supervisor King:
Whereas, The state board of public charities, at the request of the
Wheaton FTumane Society, has investigated the poorhouse of this county
and its nuinagement, and in its report to the governor, has absolved the
board and its agents of any criminal intention, or willful and conscious
cruelty, at the same time censuring the board and its management of the
poorhouse, for the treatment received while confined in said poorhouse, of
Mary Boebel and Louise Schuessler, two insane women, characterizing
such treatment in their said report as "a shame and a disgrace to the
county, the state and the civilization of the nineteenth century." and
Wlierca.^, Tt appeared during said investigation that the women above
referred to were two of the w(.)rst and most troublesome cas(>s from this
county in tiie Northern Hos])ital for the Insane, at Elgin, at the time of
tiieir discharge tiierefrom, and it further appeared, the management of
said hos])ital knew before such discharge was ordered or made, that said
women could not be properly (-ared for in the poorhouse of this county,
and that it was an unfit place to keep insane women in; and
n Whereas, The statutes of this state provide that patients shall only be
discharged from insane hospitals when the interests of the insane demand
it, and then violent and troublesome cases shall have the ])reference over
cases of the opiiosite (lescrii)t ion: and
Wherea.'i. It ajjpears that at the time said women were discharged,
there were a number of cases in the Northern Hospital for the Insane
who had V)een there a long time and who were comparatively harmless
and could have been cared for properly by the county authorities, and who
should have l)een discharged in preference to the said Boebel and Schuessler
women; therefore.
Rc,',' is heated by stoves.
There were six county inmates present ; three were males and
three were females. Two of the females were insane, and one, a
colored boy, under sixteen years of age, ha-t had part of both
feet frozen and amputated. The number of county inmates
present, April 1, 1889, was six. Forty-four were admitted,
thirty-nine discharged, and five died, during the year ending
Apiil 1, 1890: six remained in the infirmary. The amount paid
by the county for the maintenance of inmates at the infirmary,
for the vear ending September 1, 1889, was $1,038.25, and for
out-door rehef |2,788.41.
Bo^B— Visited May 21, 1890.
This almshouse is located about three quarters of a mile south
of the court-house. The farm contains fourteen acres of land.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth f 3,000, the
furniture $250, and other property .f200. The keeper receives
a salary of three hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance of
the almshouse for the vear ending September 1, 1889, was
fl-,38r).04, and for out-door rel ef |2,017.23. The building was
found to be in fair condition, except that the floors and stair-
ways were nearly worn out, and should be renewed. The cell-
house, which was not in use at the time of this visit, was in
bad condition; filthy and offensively odorous. The drainage is
not good and the cellar is fioodecl at times. The rooms are
clean and tidy. The floors show repeated scrubbing. The beds
were in moderate condition and clean. The inmates appeared to
be moderately cleanly, fairly well clothed and in good health.
The food furnished was plain and abundant. The rooms were
comfortably heated by stoves. There were nine inmates present,
four males and five females. Two of the inmates were insane,
two were idiots, one blind, and two epileptics. One of the in-
sane, a woman, was confined in a small pen, which has been
constructed in one corner of a room on the first fioor of the
main building. This pen and the bedding were clean and tidy.
Boone:— Fisifec? AujL>'ust 4, 1890.
This almshouse is located five miles northwest of Belvidere.
The farm and buildings are the propertv of Mr. C. C. Leach,
who receiv^es eight hundred and fifty dollars a year for caring
for all the paupers that the county may choose to send him.
In addition to the amount named above the keeper received
108
seventy-six dollars and forty cents for the special care of a
troublesome insane man. The cost of maintenance at the alms-
house therefore was .f926.40 for the year ending February 2G,
1890, and for out-door relief for the same period was .fl,495.41.
Since last visit a one-story frame building, 21x16 feet, has been
erected, and is now occupied by the paupers. The new building
contains two cells for the insane. The doors and windows of
the cells have iron gratings. The buildings were in good repair.
The rooms were not in the best condition. The floors were
dirty and needed the application of soap, water and muscle.
The beds and bedding appeared to be in moderate condition.
The buildings are heated by stoves. The water supply is from
wells and cisterns, and is abundant. There were five inmates
present: foui- males and one female. One of the inmates was
insane, and one an idiot. The inmates appeared to be moder-
ately cleanly, fairly well clothed, and in the enjoyment of health.
There were eight inmates present April 1, 1889. Three were
admitted, and the same number discharged, daring the year,
leaving eight present April 1. 1890. No registei- of inmates is
kept at this almshouse.
Buow^:— Visited June 25, 1890.
This almshouse is located five miles west of Mt. Sterling. The
farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, all of which are
in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be
worth .flO.OOO, the furniture |300, and all other property
belonging to the farm |400. The superintendent receives a
salary of seven hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at
the almshouse, for the year ending December 1, 1889, was
11.280.55, and for out-door relief 1245.86. The building was
in good repair. The walls of the rooms were clean and white,
and the floors well scrubbed. The beds and bedding wei-e clean
and in good condition. Chairs should be furnished for use in
the dining-room, in place of the benches. The rooms were com-
fortably heated by stoves. There were seventeen inmates pres-
ent; ten males and seven females. One of the inmates was an
idiot, one blind, two were epileptics, and four were under six-
teen years of age. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their
persons, moderately well clothed and in good health, and the
food fiirnished was good and abundant. There were twenty in-
mates present Apiil 1, 1889. Seven were admitted, seven dis-
charged and one died during the vear; nineteen remained, April
1, 1890.
BvniiAv:— Visited Auo-ust 13, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles west of Princeton. The
farm contains two hundred acres, one hundred and sixt}' of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth |16,0()0, the furniture |4,201.15, and all other
property belonging to the farm 13,277.50. The superintendent
receives an annual salary of nine hundred dollars. The cost of
maintenance at the almshouse, for the j-ear ending September
101)
1, 1889, was 12,650.28, and the cost of out-door relief was
114,531.30. Siuce last visit, new floors have been laid in the
insane department, a new roof has been placed on the hospital,
and the walls and ceiling-s of all the rooms and corridors of
each building, where the inmates stay, have been painted. All
the buildings were in good condition, except the old part of the
main building, which is badly worn and not worth repairing.
The walls and floors of the rooms were clean. The beds and
bedding were in fair condition, clean, and tidily kept. The in-
sane department is heated by a furnace, and the other build-
ings are heated by stoves, and all are made comfortable during
cold weather. The water is supplied from a well, with a wind-
pump. When the wind fails, the water is pumped b^^hand, and
sometimes the supply is not abundant. Thei'e were fifty-seven
inmates present; thirty-seven males and twenty females. Twen-
ty-one of the inmates were insane, one an idiot, and thirteen
under sixteen years of age. The children do not go to the pub-
he school, but are taught at the almshouse. The inmates ap-
peared to be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good
health generally. The food is good, in quantity, quality, and
variety. There were seventy inmates present, April 1, 1889.
Thirty six were admitted, forty-five were discharged, and eight
died, during the year; fifty-three were present, April 1, 1890.
The count}' authorities would cover themselves with glory, and
their names would be held in everlasting remembrance, if they
would tear down the old building and erect a modern struc-
ture with modern appliances and conveniences. The old rook-
ery is worn out. The floors, stairways, walls, ceilings, doors,
and all that would burn, should go to the wood-pile.
Calhoun:— 7is77^ef/ June 3, 1890.
This almshouse is located one and one-half miles north of
Hardin. The farm contains two hundred and forty acres, one
hundred of which are in cultivation. The land and build-
ings are estimated to be worth .f(),0()0, and the furniture |^25.
The keeper receives one dollar and seventy-five cents ]3er week
for feeding each inmate, and pays the county four dollars and
twenty-five cents per acre, per annum, as rent, for the tillable
land. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending September 1, 1889, was $1,290.50, for repairs |25, and
for out-door relief fl,486.78. The main building of this alms-
house was found to be in moderate condition. The floors were
clean. The walls and ceiling "might be made to look l)etter.
The old log cabin is much decayed, and is not fit for occupancy.
The rooms are heated by stoves. The beds and l^edding were
clean and in fair condition, except that used in the log cabin.
There were nine inmates present: six males and three females.
Two of the inmates were idiots, one an epileptic, and four un-
der sixteen years of age. One of the children is a bright and
interesting blind boy, five j'ears of age. This boy should be
sent to the institution for the blind. The inmates, except the
110
idiots, appeared to be moderately cleanly, and fairly well
clothed. All seemed to be in good health, they seem to be well
cared for and are kindly treated.
Carroll: — Visited August^ 7, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles and a quarter southeast
of Mt. Carroll. The f irm contains one hundred and sixty acres,
one hundred and forty of which are in cultivation. The land
and buildings are estimated to be worth .f 20,000, the furniture
•fSOO, and all other property belonging to the farm flOOO.
The superintendent receives an annual salary of six hundred
and fifty dollars. The cost to the county of maintenance at
the almshouse, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was
$1,829.0(5, and $592.00, received for sales of farm produce, was
also expended for maintenance. The cost of out-door relief was
f 1,552.03. The main building was in excellent repair. The old
frame building in the rear of the brick building was in need of
repairs, or it would be better to remove this fire-trap and not
endanger the main building. The walls of the ^'ooms and cor-
ridors still have the appearance of newness, and the floors are
kept in the best condition. There was an offensive oder notice-
able in one of the cells in the basement, which was formerly
'occupied by an insane man, who was very filthy. These filthy
characters generally leave a lasting fragrance, which, acts as a
reminder that they once resided there. A tank in the attic,
supplied by a wind-pump, and hose connections on each hall of
the upper and lower floors, are the means relied upon for pi-o-
tection against fire. The main building is heated by steam, but
not comfortably during severe weather. The other apartments
are heated by stoves. The beds and bedding were in good con-
dition; clean and neatly kept. There were eighteen inmates
present; eleven males and seven females. Seveii of the inmates
were insane, one was an idiot, and one an epileptic. One of the
insane, who does good work on the farm, has to be locked in
his room when not at work. The inmates appeared to be
cleanly in person, moderately well 'clothed, and healthy. Sixteen
inmates were ]!resent, April 1, 1889. Eleven were admitted,
seven discharged and one died, during ihe year; nineteen re-
mained, April 1, 1890. This institution seems to be well kept
and the inmates kindly cared for.
Cass— Visited May 27, 1890.
This almshouse is located at Bluff Springs. The farm con-
tains two hundred acres of land, one hundred of which are in
cultivation. The land and buildings are valued at .fl6,000, and
the furniture at $60. The keeper receives two dollars and fifty
cents per week for boarding each inmate, and pays one thousand
dollars per annum, as rent for the farm. The cost of mainten-
ance at this almshouse for the year ending December 1, 1889,
was $2,174.56; for improvements and repairs, $592.15; and for
out-door relief, $4,379.74. Since last visit, the old buildings
Ill
have been removed, and a two story and a half frame building,
36x38 feet, has been erected. The building- contains seven rooms
and a central hall on the main floor; nine rooms and a hall on
the second floor, four rooms on the third floor, and five rooms
in the basement. The superintendent occupies three rooms on
the south side of the main floor, and one room on the north
side. The other rooms on this floor are for the use of the pau-
pers; one as a sitting-room, and two are cells for the insane.
The rooms on the second and third floors ai-e dormitories for
the inmates. The basement is used fOr kitchen, dining-room,
furnace-room, and cellar. This building cost about $4,200. A
barn has also been erected, which cost f 1,200; and a smoke-
house, which cost about |40. The main building was in good
condition, and every room was kept clean and tidy. The bed-
ding was in fair condition and clean. The construction of the
building is somewhat faulty. The structure has settled, and the
plastering has cracked in many places; in the sitting-room the
plaster has been knocked off with chairs. This room should be
wainscotted. The building is heated by a furnace, with registers
in the different rooms of the main floor and in the halls of the
floors above. There were eleven inmates present; nine males and
tW'O females. Two of the inmates were idiotic, one was an epi-
leptic, and one under sixteen years of age. The inmates ap-
peared to be cleanly, moderately w^ell clothed, and in good health.
The food furnished was good, ample in variety and quality.
The inmates have now a good building, and will certainly be
more comfortable than in theil' old quarters.
Champaign.— T/sit^ed June 12, 1890.
This almshouse is located one mile east of Urbana. The farm
contains one hundred and twenty acres, all of which are in culti-
vation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
19,000, the furniture |300 and all other property |1.000. The
keeper receives an annual salary of seven hundred dollars. The
cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending Sep-
tember 1, 1889, was |2,8G6.99, and the amount paid for out-
door rehef was |8,694.36. The buildings were found to be gen-
erally in good repair. The roof needs a little attention. The
walls and ceilings of the rooms were white and clean, and the
floors were unusually clean. The furnitui-e was rather scant.
Chairs should be provided for the dining-rooms and bed-rooms.
The beds and bedding Avere in moderate condition, clean and
tidy. The insane department was in better condition and cleaner
than at an3' previous visit, since it was new. The old stench is
still perceptible, and will probably remain as long as the build-
ing stands. The buildings are heated by stoves, and the water
supply is from cisterns and a well. There were twenty-eight in-
mates present; twenty males and eight females. Four of the in-
mates were insane, two idiots, one blind, four epileptics, and one
under sixteen years of age. The inmates appeared to be moder-
ately cleanly in their persons, moderately well clothed and in
112
good health. The keeper furnishes 2:ood farm-house fare. There
were thirty-two inmates present, April 1, 1889. Thirty-eight
were admitted, thirty-six discharged, and two died, during the
year, thirt3'-two remained, April 1, 1890. The present keeper
seems to be doiDg good work, and the inmates seem to be well
provided for and kindly treated.
Christian.— TiSiYec? May 28, 1890.
This almshouse is located thirteen miles southeast of Taylor-
ville. The farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all of
which are under cultivation. The land and buildings are esti-
mated to be worth f8,000, the furniture .f75, and all other
counts' property |750. The keeper receives a salary of six hun-
dred dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
year ending April 1, 1890, was 1892.44, and for out-door relief
13,518.35. Since last visit, a kitchen range costing seventy-six
dollars has been purchased. The buildings were generally in
good condition. The rooms were neat and tidy; and the walls
and floors clean. The beds and bedding were clean and in good
condition. There were fourteen inmates present; ten males and
four females. One of the inmates was insane, one an idiot, and
one under sixteen years of age. The inmates appeared to be
cleanlj', moderately well clothed, and generally in good health.
One of the inmates was confined to his bed, afflicted with can-
cer. The food furnished was good and abundant. The inmates
at this almshouse seem to be well and kindly cared for.
Clark:— Visited May 20, 1890.
This county has no almshouse. The poor who require house
■care are kept by Mr. William M. Connelly, whose farm is located
seventeen miles northwest of Marshall, near Westfield. The
farm was not visited. The following information was obtained
from the countj' clerk: The buildings are in good condition.
The rooms are clean and tidy. The beds and bedding are good
and kept cleanly. There were twent^^-seven inmates present;
nine males and eighteen females. Four of the inmates were in-
sane, six idiots, and six under sixteen years of age. One of the
insane, a woman, is locked in her room most of the time. The
inmates are generally cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in
good health. The food furnished is good and abundant. The
present keeper receives two dollars and twenty-five cents per
week for each inmate. He agrees to feed and clothe each inmate,
and also to furnish medical attention and defray' burial ex-
penses. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
year ending November 30, 1889, was |2, 642.25, and for out-
door relief .f 4. 7 87.08. There were twenty-seven inmates pres-
ent, April 1, 1889. Eight Avere admitted, two discharged, and
six died during the year; twenty-seven remained, April 1, 1890.
After July 1, 1890, the paupers will be kept by Mr. Edward
Henbest, on his farm, which is situated one and a half miles
southeast of Marshall. Mr. Henbest agrees to do all that the
])resent keeper is under contract to do, for the sum of two dol-
lars and twelve and one-half cents per week for each inmate.
11 a
CJ.AY:— Visited May 13, 1890.
This almshouse is located two and a half miles southeast of
Xeuia. The farm contains one hundred and forty acres, of
which about a hundred acres are in cultivation. The land and
buildings are estimated to be woi-th thi-ee thousand dollars.
The keeper receives one dollar and ten cents per week for feed-
ing and clothing each inmate, and also furnishes medical atten-
tion and pays burial expenses. He has the farm free of rent.
The buildings were in fair condition. The rooms were moderately
clean. The partition walls are of boards, the joints of which
are densely populated with vermin. The rooms are heated by
stoves. Water is supplied from a cistern. Some old wooden
bedsteads are in use, in which the bed pest finds a harbor.
Tiiere were fifteen inmates present; eight males and seven females.
One of the inmates was insane, one an idiot, one deaf, one
blind, one epileptic, and two were children. The number present
April 1, 1889, Avas thirteen. Three were admitted and one died
during the year; the number remaining, April 1, 1890, was fif-
teen. The inmates appeared to be moderately cleanly, and fairly
well clothed. The food furnished was plain, but abundant. The
inmates were at supper at the time of this visit. They seemed
to be in the enjoyment of health The cost of maintenance at
the almshouse, for the vear ending September 1, 1889, w^as
f 902. 83, for repairs |32,'and for out-door relief 13,347.50.
Clinton:— Visited May 12. 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles northwest of Carlyle.
The farm contains one hundred and sixt}^ acres, which are all
in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be
worth »f7,-100, and the furniture $200. There has been no
change in the condition of the buildings. The plaster is off in
several places. The rooms, beds and bedding used by the
female inmates were clean and neatly kept, but those occupied
by the men were the reverse. The beds and bedding in the
rooms of the men were worn out and dirty, and the reason why
they are not washed is that they might fall to pieces, and, as
they are provided by the county, the beddiug washed away
might not soon be replaced. There were sixteen inmates pres-
ent; six males and ten females. Two of the inmates were insane,
one w'as a deaf mute and idiot, two were epileptics, and two
were under two years of age. There were sixteen inmates pres-
ent April 1, 1889; four were admitted, and the satne numbei-
discharged, leaving sixteen present April 1, 1890. The inmates
appeared to be moderately cleanly, poorly clothed, and in good
health generally. The food furnished is good and ample. The
rooms are comfortably heated in cold weather by stoves. The
keeper receives one dollar a week for feeding and clothing each
inmate, and has the farm free of rent. The amount ])aid for
maintenan! e at the countv farm for the vear ending S(^ptember
1, 1889, was .fl,090.03, for repairs |92'.77, and for out-door
relief |2,987.77. The old ladv who keeps the paupers was in
-8 P. C.
114
much better spirits than at last visit. She said that crops
were good last year.
C01.BS:— Visited June 11, 1890.
This a mshouse is located seven and a half miles east of
Charleston. The farm contains two hundred and fifty-seven
acres, two hundred and twenty of which are in cultivation.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth twelve thou-
sand dollars. The keeper receives seventy cents a week for feed-
ing and clothing each inmate, and has the farm free of rent.
He also furnishes medical attention and defrays burial expenses.
The buildings will soon be in fair condition. Painters were
present, who were engaged to paint all the wood-work.
After the painting is completed, all the walls and plasiter-work
will be whitewashed. The beds and bedding were generally in
bad condition and about worn out, and should be renewed.
Twenty-three inmates were present; thirteen males and ten
females. One of the inmates was insane, four were idiots, one
was deaf and dumb, two were epileptics, and one was a boy
under sixteen years of age. Twenty-six inmates were present,
April 1, 1889. Twenty were admitted, fourteen discharged, and
one died, during the 3'ear, leaving thirty-one present, April 1,
1890. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, moderately well
clothed, and in good health. The food furnished is plain, but
wholesome and abundant. The cost of maintenance at the
almshouse, for the year ending September 1, 18<*'9, was 1895.43,
and for out-door relief, |10,8i2.55.
Cook County Almshouse: —
This almshouse is located at Dunning.- The farm contains
two hundred and forty acres, all of which are in cultivation.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth |242,000,
the furniture $25,000, and all other property belonging to the
farm .f4,000. The superintendent receives an annual salary of
$1 800. The cost of maintenance, repairs, etc., for the year
ending December 31, 1889, was .$91,157.22 (to which must be
added |19,023 for salaries, making $110,180.22), and the cost
of out-door relief $118,495.27. The number of inmates, when
visited, was 1,100, namely: 689 men, 334 women, 31 boys, and
46 girls. There has been no change in the premises since our
last report. The buildings show wear and tear and need exten-
sive repairs.
Cook County Insane Asylum: —
This institution is located at Dunning, on the land adjoining
the county infirmary. The site and buildino:s are estimated to
be worth $260,000. and the furniture $45,000. The superin-
tendent receives a salary of $2,000 per annum. The cost of
maintenance, repairs, etc., for the vear ending December 31,
1889, was $117,328.67, to which must be added $44,367.49
for salaries, making a total of $161,796.16. The per capita
115
cost, with an averag-e population of 988, was $173.88. When
visited, in company with Dr. Eh'od, the superintendent of the
Soutli(^rn Insane Hos])ital, at Anna, and Mr. Bottom, one of
the Anna trustees, we were sliown around by Dr. Benson, the
supai-intendent of the institution, and treated with every possi-
ble courtesy by him. Th^ hospital is, as it has been for many
years past, badly ovei'-crowded. The number of patients pres-
ent was 1,084, while the comfortable capacity of the establish-
ment certainly does not exceed 750. In nearly every single
room two patients can be found. The effect of this ovei-crowd-
ing on the peace and quiet of the institution is very noticeable.
The county authorities are, however, making- an effort to
remedy the evil in jiart, by erecting four detached wards, north
of the pi-esent buildings. Two of them are designed for the care
of hospital cases, that is, sick patients who need medical atten-
tion for diseases other than insanity. These have dining-rooms
attached to them. In other respects the four cottages are all
precisely alike. Each of them has, on the lower floor, a day-
room, Glx38 feet, with thirteen windows; a bath-room, linen-
room, attendant's room, watei'-closet and shoe-room. On the
upper floor is an associated dormitory, of th^^ same size as the
day-room, and immediately over it, but with one extra window;
there are also seven single rooms on this floor. Besides a
wooden staircase on the inside, there are separate iron stair-
ways, in the rear, on the outside, to each story, which serve as,
fire escapes. A stone sidewalk, five feet in width, runs in front
of the cottages, and under it is a tunnel for pipes. The lower
story is heated by direct, and the upper story by indirect, radi-
ation. The architect was Mr. Fi-ederick Baumann (the county
architect). We were told that the entire cost of this impiove-
ment will be about |70,000. Since each detached ward will ac-
commodate f-ixty patients, the cost per bed will be a little less
than .1)^300. It is proposed to construct about a dozen of these
cottages, on three sides of an open square. Each of these cot-
tages has a porch in fi-ont, which it is designed to enclose with
wire netting, but such enclosure seems to be needless, and if it
is not a upcessity it is inexpedient. Since our last report the
county has also erected a large building, of which the lower
stoT-y is meant to be a general dining-room for insane women,
and the upper story an amusement hall. Behind the dining-
room is a special kitchen, and above the kitchen is the stage.
But the necessity of making room for patients has compelled
the use of this buildiiiir,- as a sort of convalescent ward. The
dining-room is piactically converted into a day-room, the
kitchen into a crowded dining-room, the amusement hall into
an associated dormitory, and the stage into bath-rooms and
water-closets. I'he superintendent at Dunning has not the ])rivi-
lege, which oui- state medical supei'intendents enjoy, of refusing
to receive patients committed to his care; and we were told
that it will pi-obably be necessai'y to convert the old amuse-
ment hall also into a dormitory. The county judge has, how-
116
ever, authorized the superintendent to discharge patients, at his
discretion. The institution can therefore be liereafter relieved in
part, at the expense of the friends of patients.
At this point it is perhaps in place to remark that coininit-
ments to a county insane asylum are not authorized by the
statutes of Illinois. The sixth section of chapter 85 of the
Revised Statutes (''Lunatics"), reads as follows:
Upon the i-eturn of the verdict, the same shall be recorded at large by
the clerk, and if it appears that the person is insane, and is a fit person
to be sent to a state hospital for the insane, the court shall enter an
order that the insane person be committed to a state hospital for the in-
sane, and thereupon it shall be the duty of the clerk of the court to'
make application to the superintendent of some one of the state hospitals
for the insane for the admission of such insane person.
The following: is the language of the twelfth section of the
same chapter:
If the court shall deem it necessary, pending proceedings and previous
to verdict, or after verdict and pending admission to the hospital, tempo-
rarily to restrain of his liberty the person alleged to be insane, then the
court shall make such order in that behalf as the case may require, and
the same being entered of record, a copy thereof, certified by the clerk,
shall authorize such person to be temporarily detained by the sheriff, jail-
or, or other suitable person to whom the same shall be directed.
Taking these two sections together, not one of the patients
at Dunning is committed to that institution, but all of them
have been committed to a state hospital for the insane. The
verdict and orders accompanying read as follows:
We., the undersigned, jurors in case of X. Y. Z., having heard the evi-
dence in the case, are satisfied that the said X. Y. Z. is insane, and is a
fit person to be sent to a state hospital for the insane, etc.
Whereicpan, upon the verdict aforesaid, it is considered and adjudged by
the court that the said X. Y. Z. is an insane person, and it is ordered
that the said X. Y. Z. be committed to a state hospital for the insane,
and it appearing to the court that it is necessary that the said X. Y. Z.
be temporarily restrained of his liberty, it is therefore ordered that, pend-
his admission to said hospital, he be committed to the Cook County In-
sane Asylum.
It appears therefore that, under our crude and imperfect legis-
lation, a patient temporarily committed to this institution may
be retained in it during the term of his natural life.
To return to the improvements made and projected, at Dun-
ning, a new boiler-house and engine-room is now in process of
construction, with a second or twin smoke-stack. A special
room has been provided for the installation of the electric light
plant, which will be finished with a tile floor and walls of glazed
brick on the inside. The electric wires are all to be carried un-
der ground. A room has been built and fitted up for photo-
graphing all patients, and their photographs are now attached
to their medical histories. For the first time in the history of
the as^dum, an attempt has been made to establish adequate
and suitable medical records. Mr. Chauncey F. Chapman, the
present druggist, deserves great credit for the alterations made
117
in the drug-rooni . The coyiity has also given Dr. Benson a
separate building for an autopsy room and biological laboi'a-
tory. All of the inside Avood-work and walls, throughout the
entire institution, have been painted, during the past year. A
new fountain has been built, in front of the pavilion ; a large
amount of grading and sodding has also been done. They are
now making a second artificial lake in the front ground, chiefly
for ice. A large grove is to be planted m November.
The farm at Dunning, owned by the county, includes about
three hundred aci-es, of which forty are assigned to the insane
asylum, the rest belonging to the poorhouse. Dr. Benson's
Avish is to have these forty acres surrounded by a bri,ck wall,
seven feet high, with an iron railing on top, so as to separate
the two institutions completely from each other, and render it pos-
sible to give the insane a larger amount of freedom outside the
wards. The cost is estimated' at 130,000. It is thought that
the old asylum, that is, the main build mg, will ultimately be
abandoned, torn down, and the institution reorganized purely
on the detached ward or Kankakee system.
In looking over this asylum, there is much to commend.
There is now a good deal of active industry, in which the pa-
tients have a certain share. Patients are employed in the kitch-
en, bakery, laundry, sewing-room, boiler-house, and the repair
shops, which include a shoe-shop, tailor-shop, carpenter-shop,
etc. The facilities for bathing are superior to those in almost
any institution in the country, and the authorities in charge
are justly proud of their Turkish bath-rooms for patients, em-
ployes, and officers. Great pains is taken to keep out vei-min ;
all beds are painted, at regular intervals, with a mixture con-
taining solution of bichloride of mercury, with turpentine and
glycerine. A very competent man is in charge of the laundry.
For the benefit of officers of institutions elsewhere, his recipe
for a disinfectant for use in the washing-machines is here given.
Take one pound of chloride of lime, mix it with hot water ; also
four pounds of sal soda, which must be l)oiled ; make two sep-
arate solutions, and put both in a barrel of soft water; stir.
Add from a pint to a quart of this alkaline water, with the
soap, for each machine. When the clothes are rinsed, add to
the rinsing water just enough sulphuric acid to make it slightly
sour to the taste, hke a mild vinegar; this restores the bright-
ness of the colors.
The weak point of the institution is undoubtedly the charac-
ter and qualifications of the attendants, of both sexes. Of
course there are good men and women among them, but the
average grade is not equal to that in the state hospitals for
the insane. The reason for this is the largely political charac-
ter of the appointments. If either political party in Illinois
should ever undeitake to convert our state institutions into a
political machine, by making the political opinions of the em-
ployes a test of their fitness for the positions Avhich they hold,
118
the days of their usefulness and glorv will be numbered ; deteri-
oration in the service can be the only possible result.
There are three licensed drinkia,<>*-saloons across the road from
the county farm, and it seems probable that a larg^ part of their
support is derived from the patronage of the employes of the
county institutions.
Cook County Hospital: — Visited July 24, 1890.
This institution occupies two entire squares, bounded on the
nortli and south by Harrison and Taylor streets, and on the
east and west by Wood and Lincohi streets. The laud and
buildings are estimated to be worth $906,325. and the fui-ni-
ture f 100,000. The cost of maintenance, repairs, etc., for the
year ending December 31, 1889, was |110,G18.01, (to which
must be added |52,020 for salaries, making |1()2, 638.01).
The buildings were foun i to be iu fair repair, and all the wards,
beds, and bedding seemed to be clean and in good condition.
This institution is comfortably heated by steam, and has all
the modern appliances for protection against fire. A trained
fire-company, belonging to the hospital, and the city fire-com-
panies may be called immediately into service in case of fire.
Large ventilating-shafts connect with each ward. There were
473 patients pre.sent; 310 males, and 163 females. The ap-
pearance of the inmates as to cleanliness was excellent, and
they appear to have every necessary medical attention and the
constant care of trained nurses. Since last visit, a brick build-
ing, 22x80 feet, two stories a.bove the basement, has been erect-
ed, on the southeast corner of the grounds, and is nearly com-
pleted. This building is to be used mostly for shops for the
various industries; such as carpentry, mattress-making, uphol-
stery, etc. There were 435 patients present, January 1 1889,
4,472 were admitted, 3,787 discharged, and 632 died, 'during
the year; 488 remained in the hospital January 1, 189 0. For
the six months ending July 1, 1890, the movement of popula-
tion was as follows: — Present January 1, 1890, 488; admitted,
3,903 ;^ discharged, improved or recovered, 3.467; died, 393 ; re-
maining July 1, 1890, 531. The 3,903 admitted were classified
as follows: Male surgical cases, 1,187; female surgical, 205;
male medical, 1,599; female medi al, 433; gynaecological, 187;
and obstetrical, 172. In addition to the above, in the chil-
dren's ward, there were medical cases 65, and surgical 55,
making the total number of cases for the six months 3,903.
There were no deaths among the obstetrical cases. Of the 172
births, there were 20 deaths. This institution has, in some re-
spects, deteriorated in its care and management. Through po-
litical influence, persons have been placed in charge who have
had no experience and who were wholly incompetent to fill the
position. Complaints have been made of favoritism, and of
special privileges and accommodations to patients who were
no more entitled to them than other patients. The nurses and
patients complain that the diet is poor, and say that it is not
119
prepared with that attention and care that is necessary for the
sick. Tlie physicians and surgeons complain that their presciip-
tions and requisitions are not promptly filled. They say that
the dispensary is allowed to run down, and that the medicines
and articles needed at times cannot be supplied, until the pur-
chasing* agent can fir,-t advertise for bids. Such delay is un-
warrantable, and may lead to serious results. If the county
authorities wonld place a little money in the hands of some
proper person, for use in such emergencies, the needed medicines
and articles might be promptly obtained. Since the time of
this visit, the newspapers of Chicago have severely criticised the
management of the county hospital, and the warden then in
charge has resigned.
Illinois Industrial School for Girls, South Evanston: —
Visited August 9, 1890.
Since the last visit, this institution has purchased, from the
soldiers' home board, the property which it has heretofore oc-
cupied under a lease from that board, for twenty thousand dol-
lars, half cash and the balance payable in three years. The
building has since undergone general repairs, and is now in fair
condition. An addition of brick, 49x46 feet, three stories above
the basement, has also been erected. The basement contains a
dining-room, play-room, and two rooms for laundry-work. The
first floor is one room, for use as a school-room and chapel.
The second floor contains a sewing-room, hospital, dispensary,
and a store-room. The third floor has four dormitories and a
clothes-room. The building is heated by hot water, and has pipe
connections with the city water-works. The cost of this new
structure was .fl2,628.13; the heating apparatus cost |2,900.
The heating apparatus seemed to be sufficient during the last
winter, which was mild, but it is feared that, in severe weather,
the building cannot be comfortably heated. The old frame build-
ing, in the rear of the main building, is con.siderably out of re-
pair and scarcely worth repairing. It should be moved away,
and a brick structure, having the modern conveniences, should take
its place. For fire protection, the institution has metal doors
between the old and new buildings, hand-grenades are placed in
each corridor, and fire-escapes on the outside connecting with
each floor, and the building is in close proximity to the fire com-
pany's building. It is well lighted and ventilated. The walls of
the rooms and corridors were clean and white, and the floors
show that labor has not been spared in keeping them clean.
The beds and bedding were in good condition, clean and neatly
kept. Thei-e wei-e 112 inmates present, whose ages ranged from
two to eighteen years. The pupils appeared to be cleanly in
their persons and clothing, modei-ately well dressed, and, with
few exceptions, all seemed to be in good health. Ninety pupils
were present October 8, 1888. Eighty-four were admitted, twen-
ty-nine placed in homes, twenty-five returned to friends, five at-
tained majority, three ran away, and two died, during the year;
120
one hundred and ten were present October 1, 1889. Of those
present and admitted during the year, seven paid their boards
four were dependent children, and one hundred and sixty-three
were committed by the courts, of which number the county of
Cook sent one hundred and thirty-six. The expenditures for all
purposes, for the year endino- October 1, 1889, were f 34,278.82.
The site and buildings are estimated to be worth f35,000, the
furniture |800, and all other property f200. The receipts for
the year were 126,992.77, of which amount Cook county paid
$19,600.28. The institution seems to be well managed, and the
pupils well governed and kindly cared for.
Indutrial School for Boys, Glenwood, Cook County: —
This school was removed from Norwood Park to its present
location, last June. Mr. Milton George, a wealth}^ citizen, gave
a farm of three hundi-ed acres for the site, on condition that
140,000 should be expended in buildings for the use of the in-
stitution, which has been done. The school is organized on the
general plan of the Michigan state school, at Coldwater. There
are a center building, (of which the rear portion has only been
erected), and four famil^^ buildings, besides a school-house and a
work-shop. There are one hundred and forty boys present, all
of them small. They seem very contented and happy. The sys-
tem of industrial training is the Sloyd, but it is the intention of
the managers to add carpenter-work. The boys are placed in
private homes, as soon as possible. Most of them are in lowa^
Minnesota, and Dakota. The lines on which this institution i&
organized and managed are the right lines, but it suffers from
the Avant of sufficient funds, which, it is to be hoped, will be sup-
plied by the liberality of private citizens of Chicago. The super-
intendent, Mrs. Harrison, is peculiarly well fitted for the duties
of her position. Glenwood is a small station on the Chicago and
Eastern Illinois Railroad, about twenty-three miles from the
city.
Chicago Industrial School for Girls: — This institution was
not visited. It has been removed from the House of the Good
Shepherd to a building of its own, in the south part of the city.
St. Mary's Training School, Feehanville, Cook County: —
Visited August 1, 1890.
The farm on which this institution is located contains four
hundred and forty acres, all of which are in cultivation. The
land and buildings are estimated to be worth f 91, 580. 46, the
steam-lieatiiig apparatus, laundry, with engine and machinery,
15,958.85; furniture, etc., |5,413.40; and hve stock and all other
property, $7,405.00. Since last visit, an additional steam-boiler
has been placed in position. Also a boiler for heating water,
to be used for all purposes, such as bathing, washing, etc. A
barn, 70x34 feet, was in course of erection at the time of this
visit. In addition to the industries, which were carried on at
the time of last visit, egg-cases are made in the carpenter-shop^
121
and eo;o;.case fillers (being divisions made of heavy paste-board)
are cut by machinery and placed together by the snmller
boys. The shop in which these fillers are made is !SOx32 feet,
and one hundred boys find there a pleasant occupation. All the
industries named in the last report seem to have been enlarged,
and all the laborers are boys. The printing-ofiice turns out quite
a variety of printing, and receives orders from several firms in
Chicago. The last report of the institution was printed by the
boys. The boys were busy in the shoe shop, tailor-shop, and in
several other places. Thei-e is not one female employed in this
institution. All the work, of whatsoever kind, that is done:
cooking, baking, dish-washing, chamber-work, laundry, tailoring,
shoe-making, mattress-making, the making of pillows and bed-
clothing, plumbing, carpentry, blacksmithing, steam-fitting, and
steam-heating are all attended to by boys. There were 28(3 boys
present. They appeared to be cleanly, moderately Avell clothed,
and in remarkably good health. The physician, in his report for
last year, states: "I have no deaths to report." It is the in-
tention of the board of managers to remove the circular build-
ing, and erect an administration or central building, as soon as
the promise of funds will justify the expenditure.
Crawford:— Fisi^eJ May 17, J 890.
This almshouse is situated six miles northeast of Robinson.
The farm 'consists of three hundred acres, two hundred and sev-
enty of which are under cultivation. The land and buildings
are estimated to, be worth twelve thousand dollars. The keeper
receives fifty-seven cents a week for feeding and clothing each in-
mate, and has the farm free of rent. The cost of maintenance,
for the year ending September 1, 1889, was |787.90, and for
out-door relief, f 834.52. The building occupied by the paupers is
in a very poor condition. The plastering is off in many places,
and nearly all gone in some of the rooms. It seems almost im-
possible to keep the rooms looking neat and clean, in conse-
quence of the plaster falling off. The beds and bedding were in
fair condition and moderately clean. Wooden bedsteads are in
use, and the bed -pest has gained a lodgment. The keeper says
that the presence of bed-bugs is attributable to the condition of
the walls, where they find a safe harbor and from which it is
impossible to dislodge them. There were seventeen inmates
present; seven males and ten females. Two of the inmates were
insane, one was an idiot, two were epileptics, and six were small
children. There were thirteen inmates present, April 1, 1889.
Seven were admitted, and eight discharged, during the year:
twelve remained, April 1, 1890. The inmates a])peared to be
moderately cleanly, fairly well clothed, and in good health. The
food furnished is plain farm-house fare. No regular alm.shouse
register has been kept at this almshouse, and the only books on
which the former su]3erintendent kept his accounts for board,
were taken away. The law prescribes the form- of an almshouse
register, and requires that one should be kept. The county au-
122
thorities should have the old plaster torn out of the pauper
building, and have all the rooms properly plastered, before cold
weather, or the inmates will suffer, for it is impossible to heat
the building, so long as the wind has so little obstruction in go-
ing thiough it.
Cumberland: — Visited May 1 ), 1890.
This almshouse is situated two and a half miles northeast of
Toledo. The farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, all
of which are under cultivation. The land and buildings are es-
timated to be worth five thousand dollars. Since last visit, a
one-story frame building, 18x20 feet, has been erected, which is
used as a. kitchen for the keeper's family and the paupers, and
also as a dining-room for the keeper's family. New sills and
new floors have been placed in the pauper building. The build-
ings look Avell on the outside, and the walls of the rooms of the
new buildings were in good condition, but the walls and ceiling
of the old building, which are of wood, wei-e black and diity,
not having been painted for years, and the walls harbor the
bed-pest. The bedsteads are of wood and of the old style, and
the keeper stated that it was a continued fight, to keep the
bugs from taking the place. The furniture is poor and little of
it. The beds and be(.lding, which belong to the keeper, were
moderately clean. There were twenty inmates present; ten
males and ten females. Two of the inmates were insane, three
idiots, one an epileptic, and eight under sixteen years of age.
All the children of school-age go to school. There were eigh-
teen inmates present, April 1, 1889. Ten were admitted, seven
discha.rged, and two died ; leaving nineteen present, Api'il 1,
1890. The inmates appeared to be moderately cleanly and fair-
ly well clothed, except one male idiot, who is filthy and wears
a smock-frock. They all appeared to be in good health. The
food furnished was good and seemed to be satisfactory. The
keeper receives one dollar and forty cents per week for feeding
and clothing each inmate, and pays two dollars and twenty-
five cents per acre for the use of the farm. The cost of main-
tenance, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was $222.25,
for repairs |47.45, and for out-door relief |2,304.98.
DEKALB:-TjS7Yed July 31, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles and a half north of
DeKalb. The farm contains one hundred and thirty acres, all
of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are esti-
mated to be worth 18,500, the fui-nitui'e |300, and all other
property on the farm belonging to the county $300. The su-
pei-intendent receives a salary of nine hundi-ed dollars. The
cost of maintenance, for the year ending September 1, 1889,
was 12,101.40, for repairs !^61.91, and for out-door relief
15,883.34. The buildings were found to be in good repair. The
walls of the rooms and corridors were white and clean, and
the floors show that they have been regularly and well scrubbed.
123
The buildings are heated by stoves. The water supply is from
wells, which afford au abundant supply, and is conveyed to a
tank. :Si nee last visit, pipes have been so arranged as to carry
water into the kitchen, and to a hydrant, which is placed near
the kitchen-door. The dining-room and kitchen have been en-
larged and a new floor laid. The beds and bedding were in
good condition, clean, aud tidily kept. There were thirty-two
inmates present; tweut3"-one males and eleven females. JEight
of the inmates were insane, nine idiots, one an epileptic, and
three under sixteen years of age. Two of the insane were locked
in rooms. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their persons,
moderately well clothed and in good health. The food furnished
is good and abundant. Thirty-two inmates were present, April
1, 1889. Tw'enty were admitted, fifteen discharged, and three
died, during the year; thirty-four remained, April 1, 1890. The
building, where the insane are locked in, is a miserable affair.
It is constructed of rough boards, and has tw^o cells, the door
and front of which are 2x2 inch studding. The filthy inmates
make a great deal of trouble, and a very offensive odor is pres-
ent, in spite of all efforts to keep the place clean. The i-oom in
the main building, in which a filthy insane man was confined
several years ago, still continues to pollute the air. The odor
seems to have lost none of its strength, and remains an offense
to the keeper's family and the inmates.
DeWitt:— Visited June 18, 1890.
This almshouse is located at Hallsville, seven miles west of
€linton. The farm contains two hundred acres of land, one
hundred and sixty of which are in cultivation. The land and
buildings are estimated to be worth |12,000, the furniture
#200, and all other propert}^ belonging to the county .$1,500.
The superintendent receives a salary of six hundred dollars.
The cost to the county, for maintenance at the almshouse, for
the 3'ear ending May 1, 1890, was | ' 24.20, for repairs -f^5.73,
and for out-door relief .f2,723.96. This almshouse is nearly
self-sustaining, the amount paid out as above for maintenance
being mostly for the salary of the superintendent. There were
sixteen inmates present; ten males and six females. Four of
the inmates were insane, two idiots, one blind, and two epilep-
tics. Two of the insane were locked in rooms. The inmates
appeared to be cleanly in their pgi-sons, poorly clothed, and in
good health. The food fni-nished seemed to be satisfactory.
The number of inmates ])resent. April 1, 1889, was sixteen.
Ten were admitted, six discharged, and three died, during the
year; seventeen i-emained Api-il 1, 1890. The buildings were
generally out of repair. The plastei-ing is off in nmny places in
the rooms, and the floors and stairway are worn out. The
floors are kept clean. The beds and bedding in many instances
wei-e so worn that a good washing would tear them all to
pieces. The old buildings are scarcely fit for use. The county
124
should erect a suitable building; for the poor, and the furniture,
beds and bedding should be renewed.
Douglas: — Visited June 10, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles and a half east of Tus-
cola. The farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth $11,200, the furniture .|200, and all other property
belonging to the county f 1,250. The keeper receives a salary
of six hundred dollars. The amount paid by the count3% for
maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending November
30, 1889, was .f()84.27; but the keeper states that the farm is
more than self-sustaining, and that, after paying all expenses,
a surplus of four hundred dollars was paid into the county
treasui-y. The cost of out-door relief for the same period was
|4,G95.33. Since last visit, a frame smoke-house and cellar,
16x18 feet, have been constructed. The buildings are mostly
cheap old structures, but they are kept in good repair. The
rooms were clean and tidy, and the floors well scrubbed. Ever^^-
thing seems to be well scrubbed; even the board-walks in
the yard were almost white with repeated scrubbing. The beds
and bedding were in excellent condition, clean, and tidy. The
bed-pest is not allowed a home in this place. There were ten
inmates present; four males and six females. Two of the in-
mates were insane, three idiots, and one blind. There were ten
inmates present, April 1, 1889. Fourteen were admitted, and
twelve discharged, during the year; twelve were present, April
1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their persons^
moderately well clothed, and in the enjoyment of good health.
The food furnished was satisfactory. The inmates seem to have
the best of care.
DuPage: — Visited Julv 33, 1890, in company with Hon. L. L.
Hiatt.
This almshouse is located two miles west of Wheaton. The
farm contains one hundred and thii-ty-four acres, one hundred
and nine of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings
are estimated to be worth |20,000, the furniture $1,000, and
all other property belonging to the fa,rm $1,500. The superin-
tendent receives an annual salary of eight hundred dollars. The
cost of maintenance at the almshouse for the year ending July,
1, 1890, was $2,926.35, for buildings, etc., $4,397.90, and for
out-door relief $449.01. In addition to the amount paid for
out-door relief, each town pays for out-door relief, but, as no
report is made of such expenditure, the amount could not be
ascertained. The building was found to be in good condition.
The rooms were clean and tidy. The walls have not lost their
appearauf^e of newness, and the floors could not be improved
in regard to cleanliness. The beds and bedding were in excel-
lent condition, clean and neatly kept. The zinc cells for the in-
sane are not in use. The odor left by the former occupants
still remains, but is not so strong. There were eleven inmates
125
present; six males and five females. Four of the inmates were
insane, one an idiot, and one an epileptic. One insane woman,
who is filthy in her habits, and requires considerable attention,
is locked in a room. The insane man, who gives his name as
William O'Connor, was sent here a few days ago from Wheaton.
After some conversation with liini the visitor concluded that he
was an escaped patient from the Southern Hospital for the in-
sane at Anna. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their
persons, moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food
furnished seemed to be satisfactory. Two inmates were present,
April 1, 1889. Twenty were admitted, eight discharged, and
three died, during the year; eleven remained, April 1, 1890.
Ebgxu:— Visited June 11, 1890.
This almshouse is located three and a half miles northeast of
Paris. The farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth |13,000, the furniture |1,000, and all other prop-
erty f 1,000. The keeper receives a salary of one thousand six
hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse,
for the year ending December 1, 1889, was |4, 743.48, and for
out-door relief $10,722.84. The buildings were in good repair,
and the rooms in excellent condition. The walls were clean and
white, and the floors showed that labor had not been spared
in keeping them clean. The insane department is kept clean
and in good condition. The water-closets, which connect with
boxes placed under the buildings, were somewhat odorous. The
beds and bedding were generally tidy and clean. The insane
•department is heated by steam, and the water supply is from a
wind-pump. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their ])er-
sons, moderately well clothed, and generally in good health.
The food furnished was ample and of good quality. The in-
mates were at supper at the time of this visit. The number of
inmates present was thirty-six; eighteen males and eighteen
females. Thirteen of the inmates were insane, three idiots and
epileptics, two deaf and dumb, and two blind. One of the blind
was also insane. The number present, April 1, 1889, was fifty.
Thirty-five were admitted, forty-six discharged, and seven died,
during the year; thirty-two remained, April 1, 1890.
Edwards:— F/,sifef7 Ma,v 15, 1890.
The almshouse of this county is located one mile east of
iVlbion. The farm contains one hundred acres, sixty of which
are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be
worth f4,000, furniture |200, and all other property owned by
the county |200. The county pays the superintendent, who
also a(!ts as physician, six hundred dollars per annum. The
amount paid for maintenance, for the j'ear ending September 1,
1889, was 1935.94, for repairs |12.40, and for out-door relief
$529.45. There were five inmates present: three males and two
females. Four of the inmates were idiots, and one was an epi-
12G
leptic. There were nine inmates present, April 1, 1889. Three
were admitted, and three discharged, during- the year, leaving
nine present, April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be cleanly,
moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished was of good quality. The building was in good condi-
tion, rooms neat, and floor well scrubbed. The beds and bed-
ding were clean and in good condition. Furniture, such as
chairs and tables, was scarce. The building is comfortably
heated by stoves, and the water supply is from a cistern. The
inmates seem to be well cared for.
Effingham:— FisitefZ May 20, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles south of Effingham. The
farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, which are all in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
five thousand dollars. The keeper receives one dollar and fifty
cents a week for feeding and clothing each inmate, and pays
three hundred and twenty dollars per year as rent for the
farm. The buildings have been painted and whitewashed, since
last visit, and the rooms are clean and neatly kept, but poorly
furnished. The beds and bedding are clean and in fair condi-
tion, but the bedsteads are old wooden bed-bug harbors. There
weie eight inmates present; three males and five females. One
of the inmates was insane, two were idiotic, one was an epilep-
tic, and two were children. Seventeen inmates were present,
April 1, 1889. Four were were admitted and twelve discharged,
during the year; nine remained, April 1, 1890. The keeper
complains that the greater part of the paupers are sent to St.
Anthony's Hospital, and that the amount paid that institu-
tion is larger than the amount paid iiim. The inmates were
cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food
furnished was satisfactory to the inmates. The cost of main-
tenance at the almshouse, for the year ending June 1, 1890,
was 1923.65, for repairs $58.84, and for out-door relief
$3,815.65.
Fayette:— Fisitet/ May 21, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles northwest of Vandalia.
The farm consists of one hundred and twenty acres, nearly all
of which are in cultivation. The land is estimated to be worth
$3,000, the buildings nothing, furniture $500, and other prop-
erty $600. The keeper receives a salary of three hundied dol-
lars. The cost of maintenance at the abnshouse. for the year
ending September 1, 1889, was $2,940. .4, and the amount paid
for out-door relief $1,367.68. No improvement has taken place
in the buildings of this institution, since last visit. The report
made then is equally true of its present condition. Languaoe
is not sufficiently forcible to do justice to this mean excuse for
a poor-house. The house should be destroyed. It is not fit to
shelter man or beast, unless it be the county authorities, who
refuse to eiect a decent and suitable building, so that the un-
127
fortunate poor may not live in torment the remainder of their
days. There were twenty-six inmates present: fourteen males
and twelve females. Three of the inmates were insane, eight
idiots, one deaf, two blind, two epileptics, and three under six-
teen years of age. Tlie inmates appeared to be moderate cleanly,
poorly clothed, and in good health. The number of inmates
present, April 1, 1810,000, the fur-
niture and other property -f 500. The buildings are deteriorat-
ing. The plaster has fallen off the ceilings and walls of the
rooms and corridors. The woodwoi'k is dark with age and dirt,
and the remaining plaster needs whitewashing. The pest-house
is sadly in need of repairs. In this building are domiciled three
idiots, one of them an epileptic, and one insrine woman, who has
charge of the inmates and building. The rooms and inmates of
this building were in wretched condition, dirty and filthy. Some
intelligent care should be given to these unfortunates. The rooms
of both buildings are heated by stoves. Water is supplied from
a well and cistern. The beds and bedding are old, worn-out., and
appear dirt3^ There were twenty-two inmates present; twelve
males and ten females. One of the inmates was insane, three
were idiots, one was deaf, one an epileptic, and two were under
sixteen years of age. The inmates were not remarkable for clean-
liness, and their clothing was poor. The}'' seeined to be m good
health. The food furnished was plain. The county physician
visits once each week, and whenever called for. There is no
special provision for the care of the insane. The number of in-
mates present, April 1, 1889, was thirty-one; thirty-one were
admitted, thirty-four discharged, and four died, during the year
ending April 1, 1890; leaving twenty-four present. The cost of
maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending September 1,
1889, was 12,371.72, and the cost of out-door relief |2,524.39.
J AHFEn:— Visited Mar 19, 1890.
This almshouse is located six miles northeast of Newton. The
farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, one hundred and
twent}^ of which are under cultivation. The land and buildings
135
are estimated to be worth three thousand, two liundred dollars.
The keeper receives one dollar and fifty cents a week for each
inmate, and has the farm free of rent, for which he agrees to
feed, clothe, and furnish me lical attention to each inmate, and
also defray burial expenses. The cost of maintenance at the
almshouse, for the year ending- September 1, 1889, was 1395.69,
and for out-door relief $2,045.95. The buildings remain in bad
condition. The floors are worn, the roof leaks, the walls and
ceilings need whitewashing, and the rooms contain very little
furniture. The bed:, and l)ed ling, which belong to th- keeper,
were in moderate condition. The rooms are heated by stoves,
but in cold weather the wind circulates through them, so that
it is impossible to keep them warm, and the inmates suffer with
cold. The Avater supply is from a well. There were sixteen in-
mates present: eight males and eight females. Four of the jn-
mates w^ere idiots, one an epileptic, and four children. There
were nine inmates present, April 1, 1889; fourteen were admit-
ted, four discharged, and three died, during the year; leaving
sixteen present, April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be
moderately cleanly, poorly clothed, and in good health. The
keeper stated that the food furnished the inmates was the same,
in all respects, as that served on his own table. No provision
has been made for the pi-oper separation of the sexes, and the
wonder is that something has not happened. The shanty erected
for the care of the insane is now used by the chickens, which is
an improvement, as it was totally unfit for human beings to
live in. The institution, taken as a whole, is a disgrace to the
county authorities, who seem to have lost all sense of decency
in the care of their paupers.
Jefferson:— Fisitec? May 8, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles east of Mt. Vernon. The
farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, one hundred and
twenty of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are
estimated to be worth |6,700, and the furniture 150. The
keeper receives seventy-five cents a week for feeding and clothing
each inmate, and has the farm free of rent. The compensation
for feeding and clothine: the inmates is far below what it is worth,
and the keeper must suffer loss, or the inmates be poorly cared
for, especially if the crops are poor. The buildings are not in
good condition. The plastering in the new building was a cheap
job, and has fallen off in several places. An additional coat of
plaster should be given the entire building, or the walls should
be whitewashed. The additions to the rear of the keeper's resi-
dence are used as a dining room and kitchen by the paupers.
The roofs of these buildings should be renewed, so that the rain
would not water the victuals and the inmates. The lower- parts
of the main buildings are heated by stoves. The floors of the
rooms are kept clean. The beds and bedclothing were gpnerally
clean, but the bedding was of the poorest description. They are
so thin that there is no trouble to see through a quilt or blanket.
136
and the quantity is so meager, that patients suffer with cold in
the winter. There were twenty-one inmates present; seven males
and fourteen females. One of the inmates was insane, seven
idiotic, three epileptics, and six under sixteen years of ag'e. Forty-
eight were present, April 1, 1889; nineteen were admitted, forty-
three discharged, and three died, during the year; twenty-one
remained, April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be moder-
ately cleanly, pooi-iy clothed, and in good health. There was no
complaint about the food. An insane woman occupies an out-
house. She sleeps with tobacco in her mouth, and the walls, in
every direction are colored with expectoration. The cost of
maintenance at the almshouse, for the 3^ear ending April 1, 1890,
was 11,393.12, for repairs f 254. 01,*^ and for out-door relief
14,172.96.
Jersey:— Visited June 2, 1890.
This almshouse is located seven miles northwest of Jerseyville.
The farm ,'ontains two hundred and thirty acres, ninety acres of
which are in cultivation. The estimated value of theland and build-
ings is ten thousand dollars. The keeper receives two dollars per
week for feeding and caring for each insane inmate, and ninety-
five cents for each inmate not requii'ing special care, and has the
farm free of rent. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse,
for the year ending September 1, 1889, was |1,664.32, for build-
ings 11.700, and for out-door relief 13,948.26. Since last visit,
a two-story brick building, 44x27 feet, with an "L" kitchen has
been erected, for the occupancy of the superintendent. The build-
ing contains four rooms and a central corridor on the first floor,
and has the same divisions on the upper floor. The kitchen is
26x30 feet. The material remaining of the building which was
burned down was used in the construction of this new building,
which greath^ reduced the expenditure, as the cost was only two
thousand, seven hundred dollars. The roofing, however, is very
defective, and, if not soon remedied, will ruin the plaster-work.
A new floor has been laid in the second floor of the insane de-
partment, so that the floors of the cells have the same level as
the corridor. There were fiteen inmates present: eleven males
and four females. This number is not half as many as were
present at the previous visit. Of the number present at this
visit, three were idiots, one was deaf, one bhnd, one an epileptic,
and three were small children. Twenty-eight inmates were pres-
ent, April 1, 1889; thirteen were admitted, twenty-two dis-
charged, and one died; eighteen remained, April 1, 1890. The
inmates appeared to be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in
the enjoyment of good health. The food furnished was good.
Meat was supplied twice each day, with a variety of vegetables.
The inmates seemed to be kindly cared for.
Jo Bayiebs:— Visited Aug-ust 8, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles east of Galena. The
fa,rm contains eighty acres, all of which are in cultivation.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth |25,000, the
137
furniture |1,000, and all other property belong:ing to the farm
|500. The superintendent receives a salary of five hundred dol-
lars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending' March 1, 1890, was 13, 946. (59, and the amount paid
for out-door relief .f 1,294. 48. The main building and the build-
ing for the insane were found to be in good repair. The old
building for the insane was in poor condition. The walls were
good, but the rest of the building was worthless. The walls of
the rooms of the main building were neatly calcimined in colors,
and the floors were almost white with repeated scrubbings.
The beds and bedding were in good condition, clean, and tidily
kept. The walls and flooi-s of the corridors and rooms in the
insane building are kept well painted, and seemed to be clean,
except one occupied by a filthy idiot boy. There is no protec-
tion against fire, except some hand grenades and the bucket
brigade. The water supply is mostly from a well, which has a
wind pump. The building for the insane is heated by a furnace,
and the main building and the old insane department are
heated by stoves. There were sixty inmates present; thirty-
nine males and twenty-one females. Seventeen of the inmates
were insane, two idiots, one was blind, four epileptics, and six
under sixteen years of age. One of the insane (who is also deaf
and dumb), and an insane woman (who is nearly always at
liberty), were locked in a room. The inmates appeared to be
cleanly, fairly well clothed, and their general health remark-
ably good. The superintendent stated that there was no need
to call the physician during the months of January, February
and March last. The food fnrnished was good in quantity,
quality and variety. Sixty inmates were present, April 1, 1889 ;
twenty-three were admitted, twenty-two discharged, and six
died, during the year; fifty-five were present, April 1, 1890.
Among the remarkable incidents that have recently occurred at
this almshouse, is the case of a woman who, without convey-
ance, came to the almshouse at noon, on the day before this
visit, and at four o'clock in the afternoon her child was born.
Another remarkable case is that of John Roth, a native of
Switzerland, sixty-three years of age. He was received at the
poorhouse May 23, and died July 12. It is said that no food
passed his lips for two weeks prior to his admittance, and, from
the time of his admittance to the day of his death, nothing
passed his lips, except a few drops of water. It is said that he
was positively without food for sixty-four days prior to his death,
and nmy have been much longer, as his history before the com-
mencement of the sixty-four days is not known. On the day of
his death he was supposed to weigh about one hundred and
fifty pounds. The physician who attended him called his disease
paralysis of the stomach.
Johnson:— FisitefZ May 6, 1890.
This county almshouse is located four miles north of Vienna.
The farm contains eighty acres, fifty acres of which are in cul-
138
tivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
fifteen hundi-ed dollars. The keeper receives one dollar and
twelve and one-half cents a week for feeding and clothing each
inmate, and has the farm free of rent. The cost of maintenance
at the almshouse, for the year ending December 31, 1889, was
1707.56, and for out-door relief |911.19. There were fifteen in-
mates present; eight males and seven females. One of the in-
mates (a woman) was insane, one blind, one an epileptic, and
one a child. The insane woman was found at the wash-tub,
doing good service. One of the inmates is deformed and help-
less, and has been so from her birth. She occupies a wheeled
chair most of the time. The inmates appeared to be moder-
ately cleanly, poorly clothed, and in good health. The food
furnished was plain, but abundant. The buildings were not in
good condition. One of the rooms of the old log building,
which was reported as abandoned two ^'■ears ago, is now occu-
pied by the male paupers. Old wooden bedsteads are in use and
bed-bugs are numerous. The beds and bedding are poor and
much worn.
Kanb:— Visited July 28, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles southeast of Geneva.
The farm contains two hundred and thirty-three acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated^
to be worth |60,000, the furniture |4,000, and all other prop-'
erty belonging to the farm f4,000. The superintendent receives
two dollars and fifty cents a day, and the matron receives one
dollar a day. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for
the vear ending December 1, 1889. was f8,6:J2.51, for repairs
.13,406.91, and for out-door relief $18,968.61. Since last visit
an ice-house, refrigerator, and vegetable cellar combined, and a
building which is used as a seed house, carriage house, and
wagon and tool-house, have been constructed, and nine addi-
tional cells have been erected in the basement of the insane
department. The cells have board partitions, iron grated
doors, and grated windows. The building was in good repair.
The rooms were in excellent condition: the walls were- white and
clean and the floors as clean as possible. The beds and bed-
ding were in the best condition and tidily kept. The bedding
is changed once a week, and oftener when necessary. There are
stand pipes and hose connections on each floor, for use in
case of fire, but the tank-room for the storage of water is in-
sufficient to be of much use in such case. The water supply is
good and abundant. A new sewer is contemplated. There were
eighty-one inmates present; forty -eight males and thirty-three
females. Forty-four of the inmates were insane, five idiots,
three blind, one an epileptic, and four infants. Fourteen of the
insane were locked in rooms. The insane department is kept in
a clean condition, although several filthy patients are present.
The noisy and violent inmates of this department make the
days and nights hideous. There is no peace. One insane
139
woman, who is violent, filthy, and will not remain clothed, was
sent here from the Northern Hospital for the Insane, at Elgin,
in November last. Each sex of the insane has an attendant.
Seven of the females and six of the males are disposed to dis-
robe. The superintendent attends to the males and his wife, the
matron, attends to the females, but neither of them can pos-
sibly give their whole attention to the insane. Attendants
should be provided for these filthy, nude, and noisy patients,
who can devote tlieii' whole time to them, as such characters
require constant care. There were ninety-three inmates present,
April 1, 1889 ; fifty-seven were admitted, sixty-four discharged,
and five died, during the year; eii>lity-one remained, April 1,
1890. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, well clothed, and
in good health. The food furnished was of good quality and
abundant. All the inmates are required to bathe once in two
weeks, and all have a complete change of clothing every week.
One of the inmates was recently operated upon, on account of
an obstruction between the mouth and stomach. The opera-
tion was a failure, and the inmate was supposed to be dying
at the time of this visit.
Kane, Bellevue FijAce,:— Visited July 28, 1890.
This institution is a private hospital for insane females, of
which Dr. R. J. Patterson is proprietor and supetintendent. It
is located a.t Batavia. Since last visit, an addition, two stories
above the basement, 40x46 feet, has been erected on the north
end of the building. This new addition contains a central cor-
ridor and six large rooms on each floor. All of the rooms were
elegantly carpeted and furnished. Each room provides for the
accommodation of a patient and an attendant. The basement
contains a dining-room for the patients and officers, rooms for
domestics, a room containing radiators, for heating the rooms
above, and a billiard-room. An addition, 40x16 feet, and two
stories in height, has also been made to the laundry. The
main building is heated by steam, by direct and indirect radia-
tion. The building was in excellent repair. The rooms and cor-
ridoi'S on the first and second floors were elegantly furnished
and carpeted. The rooms on the third floor were moderately
well furnished and kept clean and tidy. There were twenty-
seven female patients present. The innmtes were cleanly in
their persons, well clothed, and in good health. The fare fur-
nished was good and satisfactory. The patients are generally al-
lowed the largest liberty, and have the freedom of the beautiful
grounds, and have flowers in great profusion, the year round.
Twenty-seven patients were present, April 1, 1889 ; twenty-
five were admitted, twenty-three discharged, and two died,
during the year; twenty-seven remained, April 1, 1890. The
patients seemed to be quiet and orderly. The superintendent
stated that, as a rule, the violent and noisy are not admitted.
The institution is well provided with means of escape, in case
140
of fire; three stairways inside the building, and two fire-escapes
on the outside.
Kankakee:— Fisiied August 18, 1890.
The property formerly owned by the town of Kankakee, and
used as an almshouse, has been purchased by the county and
will continue to be used as an almshouse. The county will not
take possession until March 1, 1891, The property is situated
one mile noi-th of the court-house. The farm contains forty-two
acres, all of which are under cultivation. The land and build-
ings are estimated to be worth |7,500, and all other farm
property .foOO. The superintendent receives a salary of one
thousand dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse
could not be ascertained, as each town supports its own poor,
and no reports are made to the county clerk of the amounts
paid out. The county paid, for the support of the insane at
the almshouse, and for transient relief, |1,921.71, during the
year ending April 30, 1890. In this county, the insane are a
county charge, and the purchase of the property was made
more with the view of caring for the insane. All other inmates
will have to be paid for by their respective towns, at the rate
of three dollars a week. The county has purchased twenty
acres of land, in addition to the old almshouse property, and
there is nou^ in pi'ocess of erection, a three-story stone and
brick building, 40x80 feet, with basetnent, for the occupancy of
the insane. The roof will be of slate, and the building will be
heated by steam or hot water and will have all the modern
conveniences. The building will contain thirty-seven rooms and
will accommodate the same number of patients or more. The
structure, not including the heating apparatus, will cost thir-
teen thousand dollars. The old building was in fair repair.
The rooms were clean, except those occupied by the insane, and
those seemed to be carefully attended to, but an offensive odor
greets the nostrils. The beds and bedding were in good condi-
tion, clean and tidy. There were twenty -three inmates present;
eight males and fifteen females. Eighteen of the inmates were
insane, one deaf and dumb, and three epileptics. Five of the
insane were locked in rooms. The inmates were generally
cleanly, moderately well dressed, and in apparent good health.
The food furnished seemed to be satisfactory. Twenty-two in-
mates were present, April 1, 1889; eight were admitted, three
discharged, and four died, during the year; twenty-three re-
mained April 1, 1890. The present superintendent has only
been in charge since March 1." 1890, and the former superin-
tendent carried the register away with him, so that it was a
difficult matter to obtain correct statistics.
Kendall: — Visited August 14, 1890.
This county has no almshouse. Each town supports its own
poor. The overseers of the poor, in the different towns, do not
make reports, to the county clerk, of the amounts paid for
141
pauper support, in their respective towns, as required by law.
Their reports have, however, been printed in a newspaper, and
the amounts paid by each town, for the year ending April 1,
1890, are as follows :
Town of Fox $816.94
" Oswego 383.71
" Kendall 244. 61
" Bristol 629.88
" Lisbon 117.30
" "Seward 180.00
" " Naausa
" " Big Grove 518.34
■' Little Rock 811O.OO
Total pauper support for the county '$3,690.78
I
Ki^ox:— Visited June 30, 1890.
This almshouse is located one-half mile northwest of the
Knoxville depot. The farm contains one hundred and forty
acres, all of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings
are estimated to be worth |70,000, the furniture |2,()00, and
all other property on the farm .|?2,500. The superintendent re-
ceives a salary of eight hundred dollars. The cost of mainten-
ance at the almshouse, for the year ending September 1, 1889,
was 19,579.93, and for out-door relief |2,063.25. There were
eighty-nine inmates present; fifty-one males and thirty-eight
females. Twenty-three of the inmates were insane, fourteen
idiots, one a deaf-mute, five blind, two epileptics, and eight un-
der sixteen years of age. Two of the insane were locked in
rooms. One of the insane, a man, was nude. One hundred and
two inmates were present, April 1, 1889; sixty-five were ad-
mitted, fifty-three discharged, and seven died, during the year;
one hundred and seven remained, April 1, 1890. The inmates
appeared to be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good
health. The store-room showed that there was no lack of va-
riety in the food furnished. The buildings were in excellent re-
pair. The grounds were tastily arranged, with flowering plants
and shrubbei-y fn front, and the rear grounds were free from
rubbish. The rooms were in excellent condition, well furnished,
and nearly all carpeted. The floors of the corridors were cov-
ered with oil-cloth. All were as clean as labor could make them.
Stand-pipes, with hose connections, w^ere in the corridors of
each floor. The institution is heated b}^ steam. The beds and
bedding were in the best condition. Since last visit, a piggery
has been erected, a new boiler has been purchased, and the
boiler-house and coal-house have been enlarged. A vegetable
cellar has also been constructed under the two-story frame
building. At the time of this visit, a brick building for the in-
sane, 90x36 feet, two stories above the basement, Avas in course
of erection. The })lan of the building is a copy of one of the
wings of the detached building at the Central Hospital for the
Insane, Jacksonville. The building will be fire-pi-oof, heated by
steam, and will have all of the modern appliances and conveni-
142
ences. This almshouse is well conducted and the inmates well
cared for. The estimated cost is twenty-six thousand dollars.
Lake:— Fisitecf July 25, 1890.
This almshouse is located near Libertyville. The farm con-
tains one hundred and fifty acres. The land and buildings
are estimated to be worth f 21, 000, the furniture |1,000, and
all other property belonging- to the farm $3,800. The superin-
tendent receives a salary of eight hundred dollars. The cost of
maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending July 1, 1890,
was $5,455.78, for buildina" |850, and for out-door relief
$4,053.81. Since last visit, the building heretofore occupied by
the violent and filth}' insane has been remodeled. The old floors
and partitions have been removed, the walls replastered, new
floors have been laid, and this floor now contains a sitting-
room, a corridor, and eleven sleeping-rooms. Two stories have
also been added to the building. The second floor has the same
number of rooms as the first floor. The third floor, when com-
pleted, will have similar divisions. The second floor is connected
with the main building by a covered passage-way. The flrst
floor is occupied by the male insane, and the second floor by
the female insane. This building is heated by a furnace. The
walls of the rooms and corridors, erected some six years ago,
have been painted, since last visit. The floors and stairways of
the part Avhich adjoins the rooms of the superintendent are
badly worn and need renewing. The entire establishment has
been much improved, and looks much neater than at previous
visits. The rooms were clean and 'tidy. The beds and bedding
were in good condition and neatly kept. There were forty-eight
inmates present: twenty-eight males and twenty females. Seven-
teen of the inmates were insane, two idiots, and one an epilep-
tic. Three of the insane were locked in rooms. Two of the in-
sane women were filth}^ at times and inclined to disrobe. The
insane man, who, at last visit was nude, and lying on some dirty
straw, in one of the cells, was found to be cleanl}' in person and
neatly clothed. He is inchned to take off his clothing at times,
but another insane man keeps him under observation, and a
word or look causes him to desist from disrobing. The inmates
appeared to be cleanly in person, moderately well clothed, and
genei-ally in good health. Some of the aged and infirm were
confined to their beds. The food furnished was good and abun-
dant. Forty inmates were present, April 1, 1889; eighteen were
admitted, fifteen were discharged, and three died, during the
year; forty remained, April 1, 1890.
LaSalle:— 7is7Yer7 August 12, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles and a half west of
Ottawa. The farm contains two hundred and ten acres, all
of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are esti-
mated to be worth |100,000, the furniture $3,000, and all other
property belonging to the farm $2,000. The county agent re-
143
ceives a salary of six hundred dollars per annuun, and the super-
intendent and his wife each receive a salai-y of five hundred dol-
lars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending September 1, 1889, was $12,883.83, for improvements
and repairs |914.39, and for out-door relief |22,345.96. Since
last visit, a two-story frame building, 40x36 feet, has been
erected. The building contains five rooms on the fiist floor, and
eight rooms on the second floor. This building is used as a resi-
dence for the superintendent, and cost three thousand dollai-s.
A one-story brick building, 12x14 feet, for use as a morgue, was
in process of erection at the time of this visit. The floor will
be of tile, and the roof of metal. The building's, except some of
the floors, which need renewing, were in good repair. The walls
of the corridors and rooms were clean, and the floors well
scrubbed. The beds and bedding were clean, tidy, and in good
condition. The water-supply is from an artesian well, which
flows into a tank in the attic of the main building. Connecting
with this tank are stand-pipes and hose on each flooi-, and a
steam-pump and extension ladders are always read^^ in case of
fire. The building is heated by steam and made comfortable
in the severest weather. There were one hundi'ed and fifty-eight
inmates present: ninety males and sixty-eight females. Seventy-
one of the inmates were insane, two idiots, two deaf-mutes, one
bhnd, three epileptics, and two under sixteen years of age. Two
of the insane were wearing restraint, but none weie locked in
rooms. The insane who formerly occupied cells in the basement,
have been removed to rooms on the first and second floors.
Each sex of the insane has a special attendant by day, and a
night watchman goes the rounds at night. All the insane are
taken out bj^ an attendant, eveiy day, for a walk, when the
weather is suitable. Forty male insane were out on the gi-ounds,
fronting the institution, at the time of this visit. The inmates
appeared to be cleanly in person, fairly well clothed, and in good
health. The food furnished is of good quality and variety, and
is abundant" One hundred and thirty-five inmates were present,
April 1, 1889; one hundred and eighty-two wei-e admitted, one
one hundred and thirty-two discharged, and twenty-five died,
during the year; one hundred and sixty were present, Apiil 1,
1890. This institution needs a steam washer and wringer and
better facilities for drying the clothes. Washing for one hundred
and fifty-eight inmates, .in the old way, is a large undertaking.
Lawrence:— Fisitec? May 16, 1890.
The almshouse of this county is located four miles west of
Lawrenceville. The farm contains one bundled and five acres,
eighty of which are in cultivation. The land and buil(h'ngs are
estimated to be worth |3,150, and the furniture |20(). The
keeper receives ninety-one cents per week for feeding each inmate,
and has the use of the faiin without charge. The cost of main-
tenance at the almshouse, for the year ending November 30,
1889, was $878.92, and for out-door relief |2,308.40. The
144
buildings were in fair condition. All had been recently white-
washed inside and outside. The rooms were in fair condition,
a,nd the floors well scrubbed. The beds and bedding were in
good order. Furniture in this institution is poor and scarce.
Wooden bedsteads, in which bed-bugs have found a home, are in
use. The room and bedding used by an insane woman were
filthy, throwing out an offensive odor. The apartments are
comfortably heated by stoves. There were fourteen inmates
present: six males and eight females. One of the inmates is an
insane woman, three epileptics, and three children. The insane
woman is locked in, day and night. Seventeen inmates were
present, April 1, 1889; thirty-four were admitted, thirty-four
discharged, and one died, during the year; sixteen remained,
April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be moderately well
clothed, cleanly, and in good health. The food furnished was
plain but abundant. The county physician visits the almshouse
once in two weeks, and oftener when needed. The epileptics of
this almshouse should have better care. One of them was
severely wounded on the head, while suffering from a fit. Since
last visit, a small milk-house has been erected by the keeper.
The county furnished the lumber, and the cost was not more
than ten dollars, but it answers the purpose.
Lue:— Visited July 29, 1890.
This almshouse is located one mile northeast of Eldena. The
farm contains eighty acres, all of which are in cultivation.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth |8,00(), the
furnitui-e f 300, and all other farm pr-operty $800. The super-
intendent receives a salary of one thousand, two hundred dol-
lars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending December 31, 1889, was $5,565 48, for buifding
f 1,635.00, and for out-door relief $7,194.89. Since last visit, a
two-story frame building, 30x30 feet, has been erected for the
occupancy of the insane. The first floor contains a central
corridor, with three rooms on one side, and three rooms and a
closet on the other side. The second floor has a central corri-
dor, with four rooms on each side. The building cost one thou-
sand, six hundred and thirty-five dollars. The buildings were in
fair condition generally. Some of the floors were much worn.
The rooms were somewhat untidy on account of whitewashing.
The beds and bedding were generally in good condition, but
some were in a disorderly state. The buildings are comfortably
heated by furnaces. There is an abundant water supply. There
were twenty-five inmates present; twelve males and thirteen
females. Eighteen of the inmates were insane, two idiots, two
blind, and two epileptics. One of the idiots is violent and very
filthy, and is locked in a room. Theinmates appeared to be cleanh^
moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished is farm-house fare and seems to be satisfactory. One of
the inmates, who is insane, was making considerable disturb-
a,nce at the time of the visit. She ordered the visitors and
145
others out of the building, claiming that she owned the estab-
lishment. Twenty-seven inmates were present, April 1, 1889.
Nineteen wei-e admitted, eighteen discharged, and three died,
during the year; twenty-five remained, April 1, 1890.
IxLVIngston: — Visited August 19, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles and a half west of Pontiac.
The farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all of which-
are under cultivation. The laud and buildings are estimated to
be worth |13,000, the furniture $1,500, and all other farm
property $2,500. The superintendent receives a salary of six
hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse,
for the 3'ear ending February 1, 1890, was $3,005.57, and for
out-dooV relief $7,504.80. The floors of all the buildings were
found to be much worn ; otherwise the buildings were in fair re-
pair. The walls and floors of the rooms and corridors were
clean. The beds and bedding were in good condition, clean, and
neatly kept. The buildings are comfortably heated by stoves.
The water supply, which is abundant, is from a well. Hose and
a hand force-pump are all the appliances for use in case of fire.
There were thirty-one inmates present ; twenty-males and eleven
females. Six of the inmates were insane, two idiots, two epi-
leptics, and one under sixteen years of age. Two of the inmates
are locked in, but have the use of small airing-courts. The in-
mates appeared to be cleanly, moderately well dressed, and,
with few exceptions, in good liealth. The food furnished is of
the same quality as that used by the superintendent-s family.
Thirty inmates were present, April 1, 1889. Eighteen were ad-
mitted, thirteen discharged, and one died, during the year;
thirty-four remained, April 1, 1890. This county needs a new
almshouse building. Tlie buildings occupied at present are worn
out, too small, badl}^ arranged, and without the necessary con-
veniences. The county authorities would do themselves honor
and the inmates of the almshouse and the tax payers a kind-
ness, by the erection of a modern structure, with modern con-
veniences, and thus keep pace with the times in which they live.
hoGA^ ■.— Visited June 19, 1890.
In company with Dr. vSmith, of the asjdum for feeble-minded
children. This almshouse is located four miles northwest of
Lincoln. The farm contains two hundred and forty acres, all
of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are esti-
mated to be worth $30,000, the furniture $300, and all other
property belonging to the county $3,000. The superintendent
receives a salary of eight hundred dollars. The amount paid
by the county for maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending June 1, 1890, was $5,844.73. This, however, does not
represent the actual cost of such maintenance, since a large
amount has been paid into the county treasury, being money
received from sales of products. The cost of out-door relief for
the same period was $9,306.26. Since last visit to this institu-
—10 P. C.
146
tion, all the brickwork of the buildings has been painted, and a
tin roof jMaced on the main building. An iee-house has also
been constructed, and eight^^ acres of land, which cost tvro
thousand eight hundred dollars, has been aclded to the farm.
The buildings were in good repair. The walls and ceilings of
the rooms, not papered, were clean and white, and the floors
show that labor has not been spared in keeping them clean.
•The brick floor of the juain room of the hospital building still
remains, and causes a great deal of dirt to be carried into the
adjoining rooms. The insane department might be consider-
ably improved by whitewash and paint. This department is
heated comfortably by a furnace. The other buildings are
heated by stoves. The beds were generally clean and tid^^, but
in the insane department and hospital building they appeared
to be much worn. There were thirty-eight inmates present;
twenty-eight males and ten females. Fourteen of the inmates
Avere insane, four idiots, three epileptics, and two under sixteen
3^ears of age. (!>ne of the idiotic boj'S at this place is a great
terror and nuisance to the other inmates and to the superin-
tendent's family. He is constantly employed through the day,
in the destruction of anj'thing that he can lay his hands on ; and
makes the nights hideous by his unearthly yells and howling.
He sleeps but little. He was formerly in the asjdum and gen-
erally made it uncomfortable for all within the reach of his
voice, unless quieted by chloral or morphine. He was at one
time gagged, to stop his howling, but he would not be con-
quered; he refused to breathe, and was to all appearances dead,
but by hard work he was resuscitated, and unfortunately lives
to howl and make the lives of those around him miserable.
The inmates generally were clean in their persons, moderately
well clothed, and in good health. The food furnished is good
farm-house fare. Thirty-seven inmates were present, April 1,
1889. TwentA'-eight were admitted, twenty -six discharged, and
one died, during the year ; thirtj^-eight remained, April 1, 1890.
Maco:^:— Visited Mar 29, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles northeast of Decatur.
The farm contains two hundred acres, all of which are in culti-
vation. The land ajid buildings are estimated to be worth
f28,000, the furniture f 500, and all other property belonging
to the county .f2,600. The superintendent receives a salary of
one thousand dollars. This almshouse is nearly self-supporting,
the amount paid from the county treasury being only f 1,201. -
53, for the jear ending November 30, 1889. The cost of out-
door relief was f IG.135.97. There were forty-four inmates pres-
ent; thirty males and fourteen females. Eleven of the inmates
were insane, ten idiotic, one a deaf-mute, three blind, three epi-
leptics, and one under sixteen years of age. Two of the insane
were locked in rooms. The number of inmates present, April 1,
1889, was forty-six. Ninety-one were admitted, eighty-seven
discharged, and seven died, during the year; forty-three w^ere
147
present, April 1, 1890. The inmates jj;enerally were cleanly,
moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished seemed to be satisfactory. The buildings were in excel-
lent condition. The floors and walls of the rooms showed the
effects of regular and frequent cleaning. The institution is com-
fortably heated b}' steam, except that when it is severely cold,
some rooms in the northwest corner of the building are difficult
to heat. At the time of this visit a tile drain w^as being laid
from the water-closets, leading to natural drainage. The beds
and bedding used by the inmates were in good condition and
clean. Male and female attendants are provided for the insane.
The county ph^^sician calls once each week, and oftener when
needed. The inmates of this almshouse seem to have good care
and are kindly treated.
MAcovFm:— Visited May 23, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles north of Carlinville. The
farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, which are all in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
$9,000, the furniture |3,000, and other property belonging to
the county |2,000. The keeper receives a salary of five hun-
dred and fifty dollars. The cost of maintenance at the alms-
house, for the year ending April 1, 1890, was |3,843.10, and
the cost of out-door relief 15,453.15. The buildings were in fair
repair. The rooms were clean. The beds and bedding were
clean and in fair condition. Furnituie is scarce and poor.
Nothing but benches in the dining and sitting-rooms, for the
aged and infirm to rest on. The visitor witnessed the inmates at
breakfast. The fa-re could not possibly be much plainer. No
meat appeared on the table, and everybody helped themselves.
One woman sat down to the table, who seemed to be out of
place. She had the appearance of being a lady, in dress, form,
and manners; and, on conversation with her, she proved not
lacking in education. She simply tasted her coffee, rose from
the table, and was on her way to Carlinville, when the visitor
returned. She was seeking employment, and not finding any
in Carlinville, she wanted to go to St. Louis, where she had
relatives. One of the supervisors displayed more brutality than
kindness in sending this woman to such a place as this. The
inmates should have better food and better care, and the old
and infirm should have a few of the comforts of life in theii' de-
clining years. The insane should be allowed more liberty. The
keeper's first care should be for the inmates, and lastly for the
farm. There were thirty-five inmates present; sixteen males and
nineteen females. Ten of the inmates were insane, four idiotic,
four epileptics, and seven under sixteen years of age. Two of
the insane were locked in rooms, and one was wearing restraint.
There were thirty-nine inmates present, April 1, 1889. Fifty-
seven were admitted, thirt3'-eiglit discharged, and seven died,
during the year; fifty-one remained, April 1, 1890. The institu-
148
tion should be managed more in accordance with the dictates
of humanity.
Mabiso^:— Visited May 9, 1890.
This ahnshouse is located half a mile south of the court-
house. The farm contains thirty acres, all in cultivation, ex-
cept that part occupied by the buildings. The land and build-
ings are estimated to be worth .f50,000, and the furniture
$3,000. The keeper receives fifteen cents a day for feeding each
inmate. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
3^ear ending September 1, 1889, was 15,158.90, for buildings
and repairs 12,049.58, and for out-door relief fl3, 167.48.
vSince last visit to this almshouse, a one-story brick building,
84x34 feet, has been erected, for the use of the insane. This
building has fourteen cells, or rooms, placed back to back, on
each side of the center of the building, with accommodation for
twenty-eight inmates. The partitions between the cells are of
iron, and so arranged that there is no harbor for vermin. The
building is heated by a furnace, and is supplied with water,
through a hydrant, on each side. The old buildings need re-
pairs, and the rooms need white-washing. The buildings more
recently erected are kept in good condition, especiall^^ the new
insane department, which was in excellent order, clean and neat.
The side occupied by females has flowering plants in each win-
dow. The bedding in this department was clean and tidily kept.
The rooms occupied by paupers, who are not insane, might be
much improved in appearance. The floors should be repeatedly
scrubbed, and the walls and ceilings white-washed. The beds
were in fair condition, but the excelsior mattresses have become
hard "from use, ^nd should be refilled. The bedding, except the
blankets, was generally old and worn. The hospital building is
too much crowded, and double the accommodation should be pro-
vided. There were eighty -four inmates present; fifty -six males,
and twenty-eight females. Twenty-seven of the inmates were in-
sane, three blind, two epileptics, and four children. There were
ninety-two present, April 1, 1889. Five hundred and seventy-
five were admitted, five hundred and forty -four discharged, and
thirty died, during the year ending April 1, 1890; ninety-three
remained. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, moderately- well
clothed, and generally in good health. They are well fed, and
the sick have special diet. The county physician makes daily
visits to the institution. The insane have the liberty of the
airing-courts, during the day, but are locked in at night. They
have one attendant for each sex. Two of the insane have re-
covered, during the past year. It gives pleasure to be able to
report that this institution shows better management, and that
the inmates are better fed and cared for than previously.
Mxmo^ -.— Visited May 13, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles and a half southeast of
Salem. The farm contains two hundred and forty acres, one
149
hundred and sixty of which ai'e in cultivation. The land and
buildings are estimated to be worth $4:, 800, the furniture 1500,
and all other county property f2,000. The rooms occupied by
the paupers were generally in good condition. The floors show
repeated scrubbing. The room occupied by a filthy inmate was
in a filth}' condition and had an offensive odor. Carbolic acid
is used, which gives variety to the stench. The rooms are
heated by coal and wood stoves. The water supply is from
cisterns and wells. The beds and bedding were in good condi-
tion. There were twenty-eight inmates present; eight males and
twenty females. One of the inmates was insane, two idiots, one
blind, two epileptics, and eight under sixteen years of age. The
inmates appeared to be moderately cleanly, fairly ^vell clothed,
and in good health. The food furnished was plain and abund-
ant. The inmates were at breakfast, at the time of this visit.
There was not much variety in the way of tableware, or in the
food. Some of the inmates had no use for knives, forks or
spoons. There is room for improvement in dining-room
etiquette. There were forty-four inmates present, April 1, 1889.
Thirty were admitted, thirty-nine discharged, and three died,
during the year; thirty-two remained, April 1, 1890. The keep-
er receives a salary of five hundred dollars. The cost of main-
tenance at the almshouse, for the year ending April 1, 1890,
was 11,953.68, and for out-door relief |3,327.l6.
MARSHA1.L:— Fisi^erZ August 22, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles and a half southwest of
Sparland. The farm contains one hundred and twenty acres,
eighty acres of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings
are estimated to be worth 111,500, the furniture -foOO, and all
other property belonging to the farm |4,000. The superinten-
dent receives a salary of six hundred dollars. The cost for main-
tenance for the almshouse, for the vear ending September 1,
1890, was |3,2()1.72, for building f 3,457.79, and for out-door
rehef $2,583.68. The grounds were in cleanly condition. The
front yard was tastily arranged in flower-beds and lawn. The
buildings were in fair repaii", for old buildings. The walls of
the halls and rooms were white and clean, and the floors were
about Avorn-out with use and scrubbing. The beds and bedding
Avere in good condition, clean and tidily kept. The old build-
ings were comfortably heated by stoves. The water-supjil}' is
from a Avell with a wind-pump. The drainage is good. There
were fifteen inmates present: seven males and eight females.
Four inmates were insane, two idiots', one deaf ami dumb (also
insane), one blind, two epileptics, and one an infant. One of
the insane was locked in a room. The superintendent stated
that this insane man is only taken out of his room once each
week. Twenty-six inmates were present, April 1, 1889. Seven-
teen were admitted, seventeen dischai-ged, and three died, during
the year; twenty-three remained, A])ril 1, 1890. Since last visit,
a two-story brick building, 24x34 feet, has been erected for the
* 150
occupancy of the insane. The building contains Ja central cor-
ridor and six rooms on the first floor, and the same partitions
on the second floor. The corridors are each nine feet wide, and
the rooms are eleven and a half by seven feet. The basement
contains the furnace and coal-room. A tank in the attic, fur-
nishes water for flushing- the privj-seats, of which there is one
in each room, and for general use. The privy-seats are connected
with a drain, which gives no trouble. The inmates appeared to
be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in the enjoyment of
health. The food furnished is good farm-house fare. The build-
ings, other than the new building, are too old and worn for use
and not worth repairing. The structures were badly planned.
The stairways are narrow and the rooms small. The building
should be removed and give place to a modei'u structure.
MASom— Visited Ma.y 27, 1890.
This almshouse is located seven miles west of Mason City. The
farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all of which are in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
116,000, the furniture |500, and all other property |1,075.
The keeper receives a salary of eight hundred dollars. The cost
of maintenance at the almshouse, for the vear ending January
1, 1890, was 12,081.67, for improvements |135.01, and for out-
door relief f2.250.42. Since last visit, the two front buildings
have been connected by a porch, a, bakery with brick oven has
been erected, and a trough for cooling milk has been placed on
the porch. Therooms of the buildings were in good condition, neat,
and cleanly. The bedsteads in use are mostly old style and of
wood, and bed-bugs have found a home therein, but the war
against these foes to peaceful rest is kept up, and their number
is being reduced. The beds and bedding were good and clean.
The rooms are comfortably heated by stoves. Thei'^ were thirty
inmates present; twenty three males and seven females. One of
the inmates was insane, three blind, one an epileptic, and one
under sixteeen years of age. The number present, April 1, 1889,
was twenty-four. Twenty were admitted, eleven dischai-ged, and
one died, during the year; thirty. two remained, April 1, 1890.
The inmates appeared to be cleanly, moderately well clothed,
and generally in good health. The food furnished was of good
quality, of great variety, and ample in quantity. The entire
institution is neatly kept, and the inmates well and kindly
treated.
Mahsac:— Visited May 2, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles north of Metropolis. The
farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, one hundred acres
of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are esti-
mated to be worth five thousand dollars. The buildings were
in fair condition, but need painting, and the plastering should
be repaired. The apartments are heated by stoves. Therooms
were generally clean, and the beds and bedding appeared to be
151
clean aud tidy. Old wooden bedsteads, which are infested with
vermin, are still in nse. There were twenty-two inmates present:
eleven males and eleven females. Four of the inmates were in-
sane, two idiots, two blind, and eight under sixteen years of
age. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, moderatelj^ well
clothed, and in good health. The county physician calls once a
week, and when called for. The insane are especially cared for
by the superintendent and his wife. They are at liberty during
the day, and increased liberty seems to have been a benefit,
physically. This almshouse has no special provision for the in-
sane, but will probably fit up some part of the present building
for the purpose. There were eight inmates present, April 1, 1889.
Forty -four were admitted, tAventy-nine ^vere discharged, and
three died, during the year; twenty remained, April - , 1890.
The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending-
September 30, 1889, was .f 65J:.32, aud tlie amount paid for out-
door relief was $1,139.69. The keeper receives one dollar per
week for feeding each inmate, and has the farm free of rent,
McDonough:— Fisiiec/ June 27, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles and a half southeast of
jMacomb. The farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all
of which are in cultivation. The laud aud buildings are esti-
mated to be worth 141,000, the furniture |500, and all other,
property belonging to the farm .f 1,000. The superintendent re-
ceives a salary of f 1,000 per annum. The cost of maintenance
at the almshouse, for the year ending June 1, 1890, was
f4,G82.58, for improvements fl73.70, and for out-door relief
$7,758.10. Since last visit, a brick milk-house, 12x14 feet, has
been erected. The building is uot in first-class repair. The roof
leaks, and the plastering is off around some of the dormer win-
dows aud other places. The walls of the rooms were clean, and
the floors well scrubbed. The beds and bedding were generall}^
modei-ately good, clean, and tidy; but in some cases the bedding
Avas poor aud worn out. There were thirty-two inmates present;
twenty-one males and eleven females. Four of the inmates were
insaiie, one deaf, one blind, and five epileptics. The inmates ap-
peared to be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good
health. The food furnished is farm-house fare. Fiftj^-eight in-
mates were present, April 1, 1889. Twenty-three were admitted,
forty-seven discharged, and one died, during the year; thirty-
three remained, April 1, 1890. More furniture is needed.
Chairs should be provided for the dining-room.
^IcYi^^RY— Visited Augimt 5, 1890.
This almshouse is located five miles northw^est of Wood-
stock. The farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth |2G,500, the furniture |1,021.84, aud all other
property belonging to the farm $2,970.83. The superintendent
receives a salary of one thousand dollars. The cost of main-
152
tenance at the almshouse, for the year ending April 1, 1890,
was $3,682.09, and for out-door relief, (paid by towns),
f4,330.12. Since last visit, a frame building, 16x24 feet, and
14 feet high, has been constructed, for use as an ice-house and
refrigerator. A frame building 14x14 feet has been erected, for
use as a milk-house, and the ceilings of the rooms and corridors,
on both floors, have been ceiled with lumber. The building was
found to be in fair repair. The walls of the rooms and corri-
dors were white and clean, and all the floors show frequent
scrubbing. The means for protection against fire are tanks in
the attic and hose attached to a hand-pump. The Avater-supply
is abundant. The building is heated comfortably by steam.
The beds and bedding were in fair condition; some of the beds
were not made up at the time of this visit, viz.: three o'clock
P. M., at which time bed-bug hunting was going on and no
scarcity of game reported. There were forty-two inmates pres-
ent; twenty-three males and nineteen females. Twenty-four
of the inmates were insane, two idiots, two blind, four epilep-
tics, and three boys under sixteen years of age. Six of the in-
sane women were locked in rooms. One insane man, who has
been here for a number of years, seems to have no sense at all.
He kno^^'s less than a brute. Don't know how to do anything
for his self, or when he is hungry. He has to be fed, and his
person cared for constantly. His relatives formerly paid for his
tjoard, but he was so much trouble, that the county authori-
ties demanded a larger amount for his care, which the relatives
refused to pay, and they have paid nothing on his account for
a number of years, and the county authorities are at a loss
what to do with him. They do not want him at the almshouse,
at any price, for he is more trouble than any six other inmates.
The inmates generally appeared to be cleanly, moderately well
clothed, and in good' health. The food furnished is good farm-
house fare in abundance. There were forty-five inmates present,
April 1, 1889. Four were admitted, two were discharged, and
four died, during the year; forty-three remained, April 1, 1890.
The cost of maintenance at the almshouse is paid by the towns
pro rata., according to the number of inmates they send.
McLean:— Fisited July 8, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles sout^i of Bloomington.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth |58,000, the
furniture f 1,800, and all other county property belonging to the
farm f 4,700. The superintendent receives a salai-y of one thousand
dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
year ending June 1, 1890, was |7,663.57. for new building and
repairs f2'2,924.35, and for out-door relief $7,140.44. Since
last visit, a brick building, two stoi-ies above the basement,
70x40 feet has been erected. The building is thirty-eight feet
distant from the old building, but is connected in the basement
by a one-story structure 38x35 feet, and on the principal floor
bv a (sorridor. The basement, including the connecting struc-
153
ture, contains a kitchen, pantries, boiler-room, fuel-room, laun-
dry rooms, and one dining'-room for each sex. The principal
floor has a central corridor, running north and south, and a
corridor running east and west. There are three rooms on the
east side, and tive rooms on the west side of the former corri-
dor. This floor is occupied by females. The second floor has
similar divisions, and is occupied b^^ males. Both floors are
provided with water-closets, which are automatically flushed,
and with bath-rooms. Stand-pipes, supplied from tanks in the
attic, with hose connections, have also been placed on each
floor, for use in case of fire. The building complete cost
$22,500. The use of the old out-buildings has been abandoned,
except for storage purposes. The buildings in use were in ex-
cellent repair. The rooms were neatly- kept; the walls were
white and clean, and the floors showed constant care. The
beds and bedding were in good condition, clean, and tidily ar-
ranged. All the buildings occupied by paupers are now heated
by steam, and the water supply is from wells, with Avind pumps,
which furnish an abundance of water, except when the wind
fails, when horse-power is used. The inmates appeared to be
cleanly in their persons, fairly well clothed, and in the enjoy-
ment of health. There were present one hundred inmates ; fifty-
seven males and forty-three females. Thirty of the inmates
were insane, one a deaf mute, one an idiot, three blind, one an
epileptic, and eight under sixteen years of age. Two of the in-
sane were wearing restraint, and one was locked in a room.
There were eighty-three inmates present April 1, 1889 ; sixty-
two Avere admitted, thirty-five were discharged, and five died,
during the year; one hundred and five remained, April 1, 1890.
Me^aud— Visited May 26, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles southeast of Petersburg-
The farm contains one hundred and thirty acres, all of which
are in cultivation. The land and the buildings are estimated to
be worth ten thousand dollars. The keeper receives one dollar
and forty-five cents per week for feeding and clothing each in-
mate, and has fifty acres of the farm free of rent. He pays the
county fl.25 per acre, annual rent for the remaining eighty
acres. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for vear end-
ing June 1, 1890, was $2,130.35, for buildings $1,239.60, and
for out-door relief $4,242.36. Since last visit, a one-story brick
building, 27x35 feet, has been erected for the occupancy of the
insane. The building contains a central corridor, with five cells,
or boxes, on each side. The buildings were in fair condition.
The rooms in the main building were clean and neatly kept.
Some old style animated wooden bedsteads were in use. The
beds aud bedding were generally in good condition and clean.
The insane department liad the appearance of being clean, but
there was an odor of filth. The buildings were comfortably
heated by stoves. There were twent3'-five inmates present;
eighteen males and seven females. Eleven of the inmates were
154
insane, five idiotic, and two epileptic. Four of the insane were
locked in rooms. The inmates appeared to be moderately
cleanly, fairly well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished was farm-house fare. The use of the new building for the
insane is a repetition of the barbarism of years ago. In this
building three men and one woman are confined and never
allowed to step outside. Some are filthy, and the building,
which has been in use only about a year, has a sickening odor,
which, as the days pass by, will increase in strength. These in-
mates are locked in these boxes to save the keeper a little
trouble, and the county the monej^ that it would cost to pay
the wages of an attendant to watch and care for them. To
treat the insane in such a manner is treating them worse than
those convicted of crime, and is inhuman and barbarous.
Sane persons confined in such places would not long retain
their sanity. It certainly makes the insane worse.
Mercer:— Fisitec/ July 2, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles northeast of Aledo. The
farm contains four hundred acres, all of which are in cultiva-
tion. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth $20,-
000, the furniture -fl,433, and all other property belonging to
the farm |2,863. The superintendent receives a salary of eight
hundred dollars. The farm is nearly self-sustaining. The cost
of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending July 1,
1890, including farm products, was |4,055.39, but the cost to
the county was 1999.93. The cost for out-door relief, for same
period, was $3,549.50. Since last visit new floors have been
laid in the halls and in several of the rooms, and nearly all
the ceilings and walls have been replastered. The building was
found to be in good condition. It is now heated by a furnace.
The rooms were clean and tidy. The beds and bedding were in
moderate condition and clean. There were thirty-two inmates
present; twenty-six males and six females. Six of the inmates
were insane, one an idiot, two blind, and one an infant. The
inmates are nearly all old persons. They appeared to be
cleanly in their persons, fairly well clothed, and in good health.
The food was good farm-house fare. There were thirty inmates
present, April 1, 1889. Eight were admitted, five discharged,
and one died, during the j'^ear: thirty-two remained, April 1,
1890. The insane at this institution do not require special
care.
Monroe:— Fisiiec/ April 22, 1890.
This almshouse has been much improved in manj^ respects,
since last visit. A bake oven has been erected ; the cellar, which
could not be used on account of water standing there, has been
drained and floored with brick ; a stable has been erected ; walks
of cinder, broken stone, and brick lead to the different out-
houses; a cinder-walk in front of the main building and con-
necting with the cit3" pavements has been constructed; and a
155
high board fence now encloses the rear of the premises. The
old building- in the rear of the main building has been remod-
eled; one room is used as a bath-room, and the other is used
as the men's sitting and smoking room. The rooms are gen-
erally well ventilated, well heated, and the drainage from the
cellar is through tile to some distance from the building; other
drainage is effected through surface gutters. Water is obtained
from a Avell and two cisterns. The rooms were found to be in
excellent condition. Two rooms on the second floor of the old
building, and one room on the same floor of the new building,
have been prepared for the occupancy of insane inmates. The
windows are secured by iron grating, the doors are streng-thened
by iron plates, and the stoves are surrounded by iron railing.
The use of wooden bedsteads has been discontinued, and iron
ones, upon which are placed excelsior mattresses, are now in
use. The bedding was in good condition and clean. The furni-
ture, beds, and bedding belong to the county. The improve-
ments that have taken place since last visit are valuable, and
reflect credit upon the county physician, who, in addition to
giving medical attendance, suggested and supervised the im-
provements Avhich have been made, attends to and compels
proper attention to the comfort of the inmates, directs the
keeper as to cleanliness of the rooms and grounds, and keeps
the records. The county phj^sician makes daily calls at the
institution. The keeper and his wife act as attendants for the
insane. Four of the insane are at liberty during the day, but
all are locked in at night. There were eighteen inmates present ;
thirteen males and five females. Eight of the inmates were in-
sane, one blind, and one an epileptic. There were twenty-five in-
mates present, April 1, 1889. Thirty-seven were admitted,
thirty-five discharged, and eight died, during the year; leaving
nineteen present, April 1, 1890. The cost of maintenance at
the jalmshouse for the yesir ending September 1, 1889, was
f 2,439.96, for buildings and improvements $1 470.90, and for
out-door relief f 116.15. The poor-house is located in the town
of Waterloo. It has one and one-half acres of land. The build-
ing and grounds are estimated to be worth $4,000, the furni-
ture .f400, and other property .f 50.
MowrGOMERY:— Visited May 22, 1890.
The almshouse of this county is located two and a half miles
south of Hillsboro. The farm contains about one hundred and
seventy acres, all of which are in cultivation. The land and
buildings are estimated to be worth f 6,800, the furniture $200,
and the other property belonging to the county $3,500. The
keeper receives a salary of six hundred dollars. The cost of
maintenance at the almshouse, for the 3'ear ending September
1, 1889, was 12,390.34, for repairs $252.88, and for out-door
relief $3,126.65. The main buildiu"' of this almshouse was in
fair condition and neatly kept. The floors of each room are
well scrubbed, and the walls and ceilings white and clean. The
156
beds and bedding were in fair condition, except in the insane
department. Since last visit a corn-crib and shed have been
added to the barn ; a porch has been erected in front of the main
building, and a small brick structure for keeping ashes. Air-
ing-courts for each sex, connecting with the insane department,
have also been erected, and a lot of iron bedsteads for use in
the main building have been purchased. More furniture should
be provided. Chairs are needed in every room of the building.
The insane department is unfit for use; it is old, has wooden
slat partitions, the walls and ceilings are dark, and the bed-
steads are the old wooden bed-bug breeders. The old offensive odor
remains. The cells are too small, and there is no ventilation.
The interior of this room should be torn out, and decent rooms
provided for the insane. There were twenty-two inmates pres-
ent; twelve males and ten females. Eight of the inmates were
insane, nine idiotic, two epileptics, and one under sixteen years
of age. T lere were twenty-two inmates present, April 1, 1889;
twelve were admitted, thirteen discharged, and one died, during
the year; twenty remained, April 1, 1890. The inmates ap-
peared to be cleanly and moderately well clothed, except the in-
sane. All seemed to be in good health. The food furnished
is good farm-house fare.
MouGA^:— Visited June i), 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles northwest of Jackson-
ville. The farm contains two hundred acres, one hundred and
fifty of which are under cultivation. The land and buildings
are^ estimated to be worth 150,000, the furniture about $700,
and all other property belonging to the county |3,400. The
superintendent receives a salary of seven hundred and seventy-
five dollars, and the matron |325. The cost of maintenance
at the almshouse, for the vear ending September 1, 1889, was
18,118.05, for repairs |95^85, and for out-door relief |6, 703.32.
There were eighty-eight inmates present; fifty-nine males and
twenty-nine females." Thirty -four of the inmates were insane,
eight idiotic, one blind, three epileptic's, and four sixteen years
of age. Three of the insane were locked in rooms. There were
ninety-two inmates present, April 1, 1889; forty-four were ad-
mitted, forty-five discharged, and five died, during the year;
eighty-six were present, April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared
to be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good health.
The food furnished was satisfactory as to quantity, quality and
variety. The buildings were in good condition. The rooms
were neat and tidy. Some of the rooms were papered, the walls
of those not papered were white and clean, and the floors
showed repeated scrubbing. The institution is comfortably
heated by steam. The water-supply is from wells and cisterns.
It is proposed to take water from a. pond near by, with a
wind-mill, or steam-pump, to carry it to a tank to be erected
at the top of the building, and from there to convey it to each
floor. This institution is well kept, and the inmates well cared
157
for. The use of the basement as a kitchen and dining-room for
inmates, is objectionable, and the erection of a separate build-
ing- for kitchen and dining-room would be a great improvement.
Morgan; Oak Lawn Retreat: — Visited June 6, 1890.
This institution for the treatment and care of the insane, is
located within the cit}' limits of Jacksonville, one mile and a
half east of the court-house. The place contains sixty acres of
land. The building site and a shady lawn comprise twenty
acres ; twenty acres are in cultivation as a garden ; and twenty
acres are pasture. The land and buildings are estimated to be
worth fSO.OOO, the furniture |2,500, and all other property
f2,500. Dr. Andrew McFarland is the proprietor and superin-
tendent. Since the last report relating to this institution, the
family building and the quarters occupied by female patients
were destroj^ed by fire. Immediately^ after the fire, a temporarj'
frame structure, one story in height, 60x20 feet, was erected.
This building contains three rooms for patients, one attendant's
room, one dormitory', and a clothing-room, which was at once
occupied by female patients. During the past year plans wei-e
prepared for a structure, the architecture of which is a modified
copy of Melrose Abbey, Selkirkshire, Scotland. The building,
when complete, will be three stories in height, and two hun-
dred feet in length, and will cost about twenty-five thousand
dollars. The west part of this building, which has one wing-
sixty feet long, and a cross wing forty feet long, has been
erected and is now occupie I by female patients. This part con-
tains a corridor, six small rooms for patients, a water closet
on each fioor, and a reception room and parlor on the lower
fioor, with three dormitories above. The basement has a
kitchen, diuing-room, and boiler and fuel rooms. The building-
is heated by steam, and has connections with the city water-
works. The building, so far completed, has cost eight thousand
dollars. The part yet to be erected is the central or adminis-
tration building, and wings similar to those already construct-
ed. The patients' corridor and rooms on the first floor were
neatly furnished, and the floors nicel3^ carpeted. The corridor
and rooms of the second floor were also well furnished, and
some of the rooms were carpeted. All the rooms, beds, and
bedding were in first-class condition. This department will be
more immediately under the care of a female physician, who is
a grand-daughter of the superintendent. The" inma|:es were
neatly and well clad, especially those occupying the first floor,
and nearly all appeared to be physically well. The buildings
occupied by male patients were in excellent repair. The rooms
and corridors were neatly furnished, and the beds, bedding, and
floors scrupulously clean. Some of the patients occupied par-
lors, Avhich were carpeted and tastily furnished. There were
thirty-seven patients present; twenty-three males and fourteen
females. Two of the patients wei-e wearing restraint. The pa-
tients present were from the following states: Illinois 13, Ne-
158
braska 1, Iowa 4, Kentucky 1, Wyoming 9, iMissouri 2, Col-
orado 6, and New Mexico 1. One of the patients has hterally
carried out the scriptural injunction, "If thy right eye offend
thee, pluck it out." He has plucked out both eyes. This in-
stitution is conducted in an excellent manner, and will compare
favorably, in every respect, with the state institutions.
Moultrie: — Visited June 10, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles and a half west of Sul-
livan. The farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth |10,000, the furniture |500, and all other property
belonging to the county f2,000. Since last visit, a two-story
brick building, 30x50 feet, has been erected, at a cost of |4,000.
The building contains, on the first floor, a hall at the east end
and six rooms. The second floor has a hall and nine rooms.
There is also a cellar, all in one room, 30x40 feet, which con-
tains the furnace, coal-bins, and vegetable-bins. This building
is a great improvement, and has been needed for years past.
The old rookeries have been abandoned and wili be taken away.
The rooms in the new building are poorh^ furnished; a bed in
each room is all the furniture. In one room there is a bed and
a pair of boots. Chairs and stands should be furnished. The
rooms were moderatel^^ clean. The floors do not show much
scrubbing. The beds and bedding were in good condition, and
clean and tidy. There were thirteen inmates present; seven
males and six females. One of the inmates was insane, one
idiotic, one deaf and dumb, one blind, one an epileptic, and one
under sixteen years of age. Fourteen inmates were present,
April 1, 1889 ; five were admitted, and seven discharged, during
the year; twelve remained, April 1, 1890. The keeper receives
a salary of five hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at
the alinshouse, for the year ending December 1, 1889, was
1745.29, for buildings and repairs |4,926.59, and for out-door
relief |3,722.38.
OGJ.E:— Visited July SO, 1890.
This almshouse is located one mile and a half south of the
court-house. The farm contains fifty-five acres, all of which are in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
$30,000, the furniture |1,000, and all other property belongingto
the farm |1,000. The superintendent receives a salary of one
thousand two hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at
the almshouse, for the year ending May 1, 1890, was |3,799.99,
for improvements and repairs .f 701. 01, and for out-door relief
(in Oregon township) |1,470.65. In addition to the amount
paid for out-door relief as above, the different towns in the
county pay for the support of their poor. The amounts so
paid coukl not be ascertained, as no reports are made to the
county clerk. Since last visit, a sewer has been constructed to
the river and proves a great convenience. The buildings are in
159
excellent repair. The rooms and corridors were fonnd to be in
good condition. The walls were white and clean, and the floors
as well cared for as possible. The floors of the corridors were
partly covered with rag-carpet, and many of the rooms were
provided with a strip of carpet. The superintendent stated
that these little carpets are greatly appreciated by the in-
mates, and they are stimulated to keep their rooms more clean
^nd tidy than heretofore. The buildings are heated by fur-
naces. The water-supply is conveyed b}^ a wind-pump to tanks
in the attics, and piped to each fiooi* of each building. The
supply is abundant, but there are no hose connections. The
beds and bedding were good, clean, and tidily kept. There
were forty-seven inmates present; thirty-three males and four-
teen females. Ten of the inmates were insane, one a deaf-mute,
three epileptics, and one an infant. The appearance of the in-
mates as to cleanliness was good, they were moderately well
clothed, and in good health. The insane are all allowed to go and
come at pleasure. The superintendent stated that a little over-
sight is needed at first, with new comers, but he has no trouble
of any consequence with any of them, except one female, ^^■ho
has to be locked in at times, but such confinement is of short
duration. Forty-nine inmates were present, April 1, 1889;
eighty-one were admitted, seventy-nine discharged, and five
died, during the year; forty-six remained, April 1, 1890.
Feoria:— Visited June 23, 1890.
This almshouse is located eight miles west of Peoria. The
farm contains three hundred and twenty acres, all of which are
in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be
Avorth 1100,000, the furniture 16,000, and all other property
belonging to the farm f o,600. The superintendent receives a
salar}^ of one thousand two hundred dollars. The cost of the
maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending September
1, 1889, was f i 1,019.75, and for out-door relief |34,840.45.
Since last visit, a frame ice-house has been erected, at a cost of
eight hundred dollars. A corn-crib and wagon-shed have also
been erected. The buildings were found to be in good rej^air.
The walls of the coi'ridors were clean and white, and the floors
show repeated scrubbing. The insane department was clean
and tidily kept. The beds and bedding were generall^^ in good
condition and clean. There is a scarcity of water. It is pro-
posed to make a pond in a hollow at the rear of the main
building, (whi(;h the superintendent says will furnish an abund-
.ance of water), and procure the necessary pipe and pump for
carrying it through the buildings. This should be done im-
mediately, as the institution has no adecjfuate means of ex-
tinguishing a fire, should one occur. This county's past ex-
perience with a fire should be a sufficient argument for securing
an abundance of water and appliances for using it. There
were one hundred and fift^^-two inmates present; ninety-nine
males and fifty-three females; Sixty-two of the inmates were
160
insane, four idiotic, two blind, two epileptics, and eleven under
sixteen years of age. One of the insane was wearing restraint,
and nine were locked in rooms. One hundred and seventy in-
mates were present, April 1, 1889 ; sevent3' -four were admitted,
fifty-two discharged, and twenty-two died during the year, and
one hundred and sevent^^ inmates remained, April 1, 1890. The
inmates appeared to be cleanly in person, moderately well
clothed, and generally in good health. The food furnished was
good and of great variety in the line of vegetables. This house
is well kept and the inmates properly provided for.
Perry:— 77-si^ec?^pri7 24, 1890.
This almshouse is located one and a half miles south of
Pinckneyville. The building was found to be in good condition
generally, but the walls and ceilings are dark with dirt and
smoke, and need white-washing. The floors show the effect of
repeated scrubbing. The rooms are heated by stoves and are well
ventilated. Water is supplied from a well and cistern. The
beds and bedding are poor, some of it is much worn. Some
iron bedsteads have been purchased. The inmates appeared to
be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good health. The
food furnished is plain, wholesome, and abundant. The county
physician visits the almshouse on call, and occasionally when
not called. The number of inmates present was eighteen;
eleven males and seven females. One of the inmates was insane,
one an idiotic, one deaf, two blind, and nine children. The num-
ber present, April 1, 1889, was twenty-two ; thirty-nine were
admitted, thirty-four discharged, and five died, during the year
ending April 1, 1890; leaving twenty-two present. The farm
consists of ninety-two acres, a large portion of which is under
cultivation. The farm and buildings are valued at .f6,257,
the furniture |139.65, and all other property 1789.85. The
cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending Sep-
tember 1, 1889, was 11,271.31, and the cost of out-door rehef
was 1906.13.
Yiatt:— Visited June 13, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles west of Monticello. The
farm contains two hundred and eighty acres, two hundred and
forty of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are
estimated to be worth $15,000, the furniture |500, and all
other county property, at the farm, |3,000. The keeper re-
ceives a salary of five hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance
at the almshouse, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was
12,466.92, and for out-door relief $2,212.54. The buildings
w^ere in excellent repair. The rooms and corridors were as clean
as possible. The beds and bedding were in good condition,
clean, and tidy. Cleanliness seems to be the motto at this
place, nearly everything is scrubbed. The rooms are heated by
stoves. There were twelve inmates present; nine males and
three females. One of the inmates was insane, two idiotics, one
161
blind, and one under sixteen 3'ears of age. The inmates were
well fed, and appeared to be eleanlj, moderately well clothed,
and o-enerallj in good health. One yonng man (colored) has
been confined to hi.s bed for months. He seemed to be seriousl3^
ill. There were twelve inmates present, Api-il 1, 1889 ; eight
were admitted, four discharged, and one died, during the year;
fifteen remained, April 1, 1890. The grounds of this institution
are kept in good order, the wails well cleaned, and the build-
ings are not allowed to deteriorate. The interior shows clean
and tidy house-keeping.
Pike: — Visited June 5, 1890, in company with Hon. W. A.
Grimshaw.
This almshouse is located two miles and a half southwest of
Pittsfield. The farm containsjeighty acres, all of which are in.
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
^9,000, the furniture $875, and all otlier property o-wned by the
county .|900. The superintendent receives a salary of seven
hundred dollars, and the county superintendent of the poor
one hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at the alms-
house, for the vear ending March 1, J 890, was .f4,059.G7, for
repairs |220.63, and for out-door relief |5,007.()0. The old
buildings werQ in fair condition. Since last visit, a new floor
has been laid in the men's sitting room. The insane depart-
ment was not in as clean condition as it should be kept.
Filth}' inmates are not promptly attended to, and their rooms
throw out an offensive odor, which will increase in strength as
the days pass by. This building for the insane has but one
entrance, and that is through an old frame structure, which is
a, fire-trap. Should this frame building take fire, it would be
almost impossible to save the inmates. The frame building
should be removed, and iron stairways constructed at each end
of the insane department, so as to afford ample means of exit,
in case of fire. All the rooms which are not occupied by the
insane were kept in as good condition as such buildmgs will
allow. The floors show repeated scrubbing, and the walls were
neatly painted or whitewashed. The beds and bedding Avere in
good condition and neatly ke]:)t. There were fifty-one inmates
present; twenty-one nmles and Ihirty females; thirteen of the
inmates were insane, nine idiots, three blind, four epileptics,
and seven small children. One of the children is an unfortunate
girl, about six 3^ears of age, who was born a helpless criphle.
She cannot stand, has never .walked, is blind, and deaf and
dumb. Two of the insane are constantly locked in rooms.
The inmates generallj^ appeared to be cleanly in their persons,
moderately well clothed and in good health. The food furnished
is of good quality and variety, and' ample in quantity. There
were forty-five inmates present, April 1, 1889; forty-one were
admitted, thirty-seven discharged, and four died, during the
year; forty-five remained, Aprij 1, 1890.
—11 P. C.
162
FoPK— Visited Ma.y 1, 1890.
This count}' has no almshouse. The paupers who require
house care are kept in different parts of the county. The
county pays seven dollars a month for females, and eight dol-
lars a month for males. The keepers agree to furnish food,
clothing, and medical attention, and to pay burial expenses.
There were seventeen persons, nine males and eight females, who
are thus a county charge. Three of the inmates were idiots,
one was deaf and ten were children. There were seventeen in-
mates present, April 1, 1889; six were admitted, four dis-
charged, and two died, during the year ending April 1, 1890;
seventeen remained. The amount paid for keeping paupers, as
above, and for out door relief, for the year ending September
1, 1889, was 11,673.86. It is said that the paupers receive
much better care under the present arrangement, than under
the former one.
Pulaski:— Fi,si/;ec7 May 3, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles east of Olmsted. The
farm contains eighty acres, sixty of which are in cultivation.
The main building was destroyed by fire, at four o'clock, p. m.,
on Saturdaj^ April 5, 1890. The remaining building is an out-
house, about 16x14 feet in size, which shelters the inmates
temporarily. The building has a partition through the center,
which is intended to separate the sexes. The females sleep in
bunks, on one side; and the males on the floor, on the other
side. There is but one door to this palatial mansion. The beds
and bedding were of a low grade, and appeared to need a bath.
At the time of this visit, the inmates were out of doors, taking
-the noonday repast. An old colored lady sat on a, stump, near
the fence, and presided at the banquet. The rest of the paupers
were standing, some leaning against the fence, with tin dishes
laden with corn bread, potatoes, and pork. Some were using
spoons, but knives and forks were discarded altogether. The
repast was a "stand up, hand me round, and hand to mouth
affair." The fare was not much by way of variety, but ample
in quantity. The banqueters were not troubled with dust, for,
while they were feasting the gentle showers watered their per-
sons and mixed with their food. The scene was like a picnic on
a small scale, and well worthy of the efforts of an artist to
secure. The keeper lives in a house a quarter of a mile distant,
and victuals are cooked there, and carried to the paupers, three
times a day. Plans have been prepared for new frame build-
ings; a house for the superintendent, and one for the paupers.'
The house for the superintendent will be 18x32 feet, two stories,
and will have six rooms. The building for the paupers will
have twelve rooms. The work on the building is to commence
immediately. The inmates are packed almost like sardines in
their present quarters, and the superintendent spoke of pro-
curing a tent, for use until the new buildings are erected.
There were six inmates present; three men and three women.
163
One of the imnates was insane, five were idiotic, one deaf, and
one an epileptic. There were seven inmates present, April 1,
1889; five were admitted, five discharged, and one died, during
the year; six remained, April 1, 1890. The cost of maintenance
at tlie almshouse, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was
1600.18, and for out-door relief |206.91. The keeper receives
one dollar and thirty-five cents per week for feeding and cloth-
ing each inmate, and has the use of the farm free of rent.
FvTii AM -.— Visited Aijo-iist 13, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles and a half east of Hen-
nepin. The farm contains thirty acres, all of which are in cul-
tivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
$1,600, and the furniture as worthless. The superintendent re-
ceives two dollai's and fifty cents a week for boarding each in-
mate, and pays one hundred and twenty dollars a year as rent
for the farm. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for
the year ending September 1, 1889, was f 245. 98, and for out-
door relief |3,132.27. There has been no change in the alms-
house since last visit, except repairs. The building was in fair
repair for a poor farm-house. The rooms occupied by paupers
were moderately clean. The beds and bedding were clean and
in good condition. The rooms are heated comfortably by
stoves. The water suppl,y is limited. The cistern and the well
were dry at the time of this visit, and water had to be hauled
from a well half a mile distant. There were four inmates pi-es-
ent: all males. One of the inmates was an idiot. The inmates
appeared to be cleanly, moderately well clothed, and in good
health. The food furnished is farm-house fare. Three inmates
were present, April 1, 1889. One was admitted, and one dis-
charged, during the year; three remained, April 1, 1890.
Randolph:— T7,s7Yer/ April 23, 1890.
The buildings of this almshouse are deteriorating. The older
buildings are fast decaying, and the condition as to cleanliness,
in all pai-ts of the institution, is bad ; the walls and ceilings are
black with smoke and dirt; the windows and floors seem to
have been neglected. The insane department is heated by a
furnace; the other buildings are heated by stoves. Cistern
water is used for all purposes. Tliere are no means of protec-
tion against fire. The beds and bedding are in fair condition,
but the rooms were in disorder. The inmates appeared to be
but moderately clad. Their condition as to cleanliness might be
much improved. The kc^cper stated that some of the inmates
came to the almshouse lousy, and remain in the same condi-
tion. If this state of affairs should continue, it will not be long
before all the inmates will be stocked with the parasites. The
county authorities are certainly remiss in their duties in not
providing bath-tubs and furnishing proper facilities for extermi-
nating the vermin, upon their first appearance. The food furnished
1(54
is good and abundant. The inmates appear to be healthy.
One colored man, who gained celebrity by butting out the heads
of whiskey barrels, claims to be one hundred and three years of
age. One of the inmates, supposed to be insane at the time,
committed suicide. There were thirtj'-three inmates present;
twenty-one males and twelve females. Four of the inmates were
insane, eight idiots, one deaf, three epileptics, and three under
sixteen years of age. There were thirty-nine inmates present,
April 1, 1889. Seventy-six were admitted, sixty-nine discharged,
and four died, dui-ing the year, leaving forty-two present, April
1, 1890. The farm contains one hundred and sixty acres. The
land and buildings are estimated to be worth flO,000, furni-
ture .|1,00U, and other property |1,192. The cost of mainten-
ance at the almshouse for the year ending September 1, 1889,
was .f2,721.26, repairs f7G.95, and the amount paid for out-
door relief was |1, 181.53.
Richland:— Tjsiied May 16, 1890.
This almshouse is located five miles east of Olney. The farm
contains one hundred and sixt^'^-seven acres, one hundred and
twenty of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are
estimated to be worth f 2,400, and the furniture is of no value.
The keei^er receives two hundred and seventy-four dollars per
annum, and furnishes his own team. The cost of maintenance
at the almshouse for the year ending September 1, 1889, was
1582. ()7, and for out-door relief |1, 864.35. There were five in-
mates present: three males and two females. One of the in-
mates was insane, one an idiot, and one an epileptic. There
were fourteen inmates present, April 1, 1889. Five were ad-
mitted, and ten discharged, during the year; nine remained,
April 1, 1890. The inmates were a hard looking lot. There
did not seem to be much attention paid to personal cleanli-
ness. Their clothing was poor. The food furnished was plain,
but abundant, and the water suppl3^ is from a cistern. The old
building is worthless and unfit for the shelter of human beings.
The rooms appeared to be dirty and the furniture meagre, and
of the poorest description. The beds and bedding were clean,
but poor. The county authoi'ities are in favor of selling the
county farm and purchasing one nearer Olney.
Rock Isi^a^b:— Visited July 3, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles south of Coal Yalle}^
The farm contains one huudi*ed and seventy-seven acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth |25,000, the furniture |2,550, and all other prop-
erty belonging to the farm f4,000. The superintendent re-
ceives a salary of one thousand six hundred dollars, out of
which he agrees to pay the wages of servants and farm-hands.
The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending-
September 1, 1889, was 19,712.60, for improvements and re-
pairs 1850.49, and the cost of out-door relief was |15,428.02.
165
Since last visit a two-story frame buildiii*>', G0x2G feet has been
added to the insane department. This bnildin<>,' contains on
each floor a sitting'-room 20x26 feet, in the central part, and a
corridor five feet six inches wide, at each end, with three cells
on each side of each corridor. The cells are 9x6J^ feet. Tliis
building cost $4,000. A wood shed has been erected, which cost
one hundred dollars; the old buildings have been generally
repaired; the men's dining room has been enlarged, and a new
floor laid ; the wash-house has been repaired, a steam washer
has been purchased and is in use, and an ice pond has been
constructed, which has afforded sufficient ice to last through
the summer. The roof the superintendent's residence took fire,
last March. The only loss was the destruction of the roof.
The buildings were generally in good repair. The walls of the
corridors and rooms were clean: some of them were painted
and some were papered. The beds and bedding were clean and
tidy and generally in good condition. There were one hundred
and three inmates present; fifty-seven males and forty-six
females. Forty-seven of the inmates were insane, ten idiots, six
blind, five epileptics, and two under sixteen years of age.
Twenty-two of the insane were confined in the insaiie depa.rt-
ment. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their persons,
moderately well clothed, and in good health. The inmates are
furnished with coffee once each day, or tea twice each day, if
preferred, or milk ; butter and fresh meat are served each day,
and fish on Friday. Ninety-eight inmates were present, April 1,
1889. Fifty-five were admitted, forty-one discharged, and ten
died, during the year; one hundred and two remained, xVpril 1,
l^<90. The yard in front of the superintendent's residence is
tastily arranged with beds of flowering plants, and the land is
kept in the best condition. The rear grounds are neatly kept
and are free from rubbish. The buildings of this almshoure are
badlj' arranged, and so scattered that it is a difficult matter
to supervise the inmates. Rock Island county would do itself
credit by the erection of a modern sti'ucture, sufficiently large
to house all under one roof. The boilers should be removed
from the basement of the brick building, and a detached boiler-
house erected. The rooms above the boilers, which are occu-
pied by females, are excessively hot during warm weather, and,
so long as this building is occupied in this manner, there is
danger to life and property. Some provision should be made
for a more adequate water supply. The new insane department
was found in excellent condition. Everything clean and the
ventilation perfect. All the buildings are comfortably heated
by steam.
Saline:— Fisifec? May 5, 1890.
The keeping of paupers, in this county, is let to the lowest
bidder. Mr. Josiah Gold has had charge of the paupers for
several years. The county owns a fai'm one and a half miles
south of Harrisburg, which contains one hundred and twenty
166
acres, which is nearly all in cultivation. The land and build-
ings are estimated to be worth three thousand, six hundred
dollars. This farm is rented by Mr. (iold, who owns an adjoin-
ing farm. Mr. Gold receives ninety dollars per annum for each
inmate, and agrees to furnish food, clothing, medical atten-
tion, and to pay burial expenses. The buildings occupied by
paupers were in fair condition, the rooms moderately clean, and
the beds and bedding clean and in good condition. The rooms
are well heated. There were twenty-two inmates present; live
males and seventeen females. Six of the inmates were idiots,
and three under sixteen years of age. There were twent^^-eight
inmates present, April 1, 1889. One was admitted, one dis-
charged, and three died, during the year; leaving twenty-five
present, April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be moderately
clean, fairly well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished was plain but abundant. The water supply is from a
cistern. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
year ending September 1, 1889, was fl,751.95, and for out-
door relief f 1,257.32. The county has been running on credit,
and owes the keeper of the paupers a large sum, and he" said
that some other person will have charge of the paupers when
his time is out, as he is unable to keep the paupers, when pay-
ment is so long delayed.
Sangamon: — Visited June 17, 1890.
This almshouse is located two and a half miles east of Buffalo.
The farm contains one hundred and seventy-seven acres, all of
which are in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated
to be worth |20,000, the furniture |1,000, and all other prop-
erty belonging to the county |1,200. The keeper receives a sal-
ary of six hundred dollars. The cost of maintenace at the alms-
house, for the year ending March 13, 1890, was $9,655.83, for
repairs 1176.92, and for out-door relief |20,363.94. The build-
ing was in excellent repair. The paint on the walls of the cor-
ridors and stairways, which was placed there seven years ago,
looked as fresh as through recently painted, and the walls and
ceilings of corridors, stairways, and rooms that were not painted
were clean and white as snow. The floors could not be made
cleaner. The rooms were tidy and the beds and bedding clean.
There was a scarcity of furniture in all the rooms, especially in
the dining-room, where the inmates have to sit at the table on
uncomfortable benches. Chairs should be provided, as nearly all
of the inmates are aged and infirm, and need the support that
chairs would give. Since last visit, a bake-oveh opening into
the kitchen has been erected, and steam introduced into the
laundry-room. The county could well afford to procure a steam-
washer, as there are one hundred persons who have to be washed
for, and washing by hand takes up three days of every week. It
is expected that the inside and outside woodwork of the build-
ing will be painted this year. The basement is still used for a
number of insane inmates. It is not a fit place for human beings
1G7
to live. The walls, from the surface of the earth on the outside
to the floor were discolored with dampness. The earth should
be removed from the walls, so that they could be kept dry, or
the inmates removed. There were ninety-seven inmates present;
sixt}^ males and thirty-seven females. Forty-two of the inmates
were insane, six idiots, one deaf and dumb, two blind, and ten
epileptics. Two. of the insane were locked in rooms. One hun-
dred and one inmates were present, April 1, 1889. One hundred
and twelve were admitted, ninety-two were discharged, and thir-
teen died, during the year; one hundred and eight remained,
April 1, 1890. The inmates present appeared to be cleanly in
their persons, moderately well clothed, and generally in good
health. The food furnished w^as plain but abundant. Diet of
more variety and an occasional delicacy should be served to the
very old and the sick.
Schuyler: — Visited June 24, 1890.
This almshouse is located one mile and a half west of Rushville.
The farm contains three hundred and ten acres, one hundred and
fifty acres of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings
are estimated to be worth $34,000, the furniture fSOO, and all
other property on the farm $5,000. The superintendent receives
a salary of seven hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at
the almshouse, for the year ending March 1, 1890, was $2,074.99,
for improvements $689.45, and for out-door relief $1,561.16.
Since last visit, a stairway, leading to the second floor, has been
placed on the south side of the main building which cost fifty
dollars, and a brick smoke-house has been erected, which cost
five hundred dollars. The buildings were in fair repair. There
are no facilities for extinguishing fire, should it occur. The old
main building has board pai-titions for all of the rooms and
corridors, and may properly be regarded as a fire-trap. The
joints of the board partitions are also harbors for the bed-bugs.
Common sense would dictate that those partitions should be
torn out, and plaster partitions substituted. It is impossible to
keep beds clear of A^ermin in such rooms, and tlie inmates are
waging constant warfare against these enemies to their rest and
sleep. Iron bedsteads should take the place of the old wooden
ones. The county authorities should bear in mind that paupers
are human beings, and should have their i-egular sleep, like
others. Many of them are old and infirm, and loss of sleep
means tlie shortening of their lives. Bath-rooms are needed. A
dining-room or kitchen is needed, especially during the warm
weather. The inmates dine in the kitchen, which is insufferably
hot. The buildings are heated imperfectly by stoves. The water-
supply is from wells and cisterns and is abundant. The county
has no physician, not being willing to pay the price asked.
There were twenty-six inmates present; eleven males and fifteen
females. Five of the inmates are insane, three idiots, five epi-
leptics, and three under sixteen years of age. Thirty-three in-
mates were present, April 1, 1889. Nine were admitted, and
168
eighteen discharged, during the year; twenty-four were present,
April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, moderately
well clothed, and in the enjoyment of good health. The food is
satisfactory, both in regard to quantity and quality.
^cott:— Visited June 4, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles west of AVinchester. The
farm contains eighty acres, all of which are in cultivation. The
keeper receives twenty-five cents a day for feeding and clothing
each inmate, and forty cents a day for inmates who require spe-
cial care, and pays four hundred dollars annual rent for the
farm. The building- was found to be in good condition. The
floors and walls of the rooms are clean. The beds and bedding
were clean and in good condition. Iron bedsteads are mostly
in use. Since last visit, the brickwork of the main building has
been painted, and the interior generally repaired. A new two-
story brick building, 37x30 feet, was in course of erection, on
the west side of the present building. The building will contain
ten rooms above the basement, and Avill cost about five thous-
and dollars. It is to be completed by the first of September
next. There were twelve inmates present; seven males and five
females. Two of the inmates were insane, three idiots and one
an epileptic. The insane inmates, a man and a woman, are con-
stantly locked up in the basement rooms. Some provision
should be made so that these persons could be allowed out-doors
a part of the time. It is inhuman to keep them in constant
confinement. The Avoman was filthy and destroys her clothing-
and bedding. The inmates were generally clean in their persons,,
moderatel}^ well clothed, and in good health. The food furnished
was good and ample. The keeper stated that coffee and meat
were served thi'ee times each day, and also vegetables of the
various kinds. The inmates, except the insane, seem to have
good care and kind treatment. The cost of maintenance at the
almshouse, for the year ending November 30, 1889, was $1,211.87,
for repairs |il04.70, and for out-door relief |1,373.96.
Shelby: — Visited June 9, 1890.
This almshouse is located about five miles northwest of Shel-
byville. The farm contains two hundred and forty acres, two
hundred and thirty of which are in cultivation. The land and
buildings are estimated to be worth |12,000, the furniture |1,-
000, and live stock and all other county property on the farm
16.000. The keeper receives a salary of five hundred dollars.
The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the vear ending-
June 1, 1890, was 11,961.60, and the cost of out-door relief
$5,175.85. Since last visit a frame smoke-house, 14x24 feet,
has been erected. The buildings were generally in first-class
condition. Nearly all the rooms in the main building were clean
and tidy. Two of the rooms were badly ventilated, in disorder,
and threw out an offensive odor. The insane department was-
modei'ately clean ; but some of the rooms, occupied by filthy pa-
109
tients, were not clean, and the offensive odor was strong. The
remains of an insane woman, who died the night before, were in
a burial-case, in one of the rooms of this department, awaiting
interment. A small building, occupied by two filth^^ boys, had
odor strong enough to drive visitors away. The building should
be destroyed. It is not fit to keep hogs in. The buildings are
heated by stoves. The beds and bedding of the main building
were clean, tidy, and in good condition, especially in the part
occupied by the females. The beds and bedding in the insane
department were not in good condition, and in appearance were
not clean. There were forty inmates present; fifteen males and
twenty-five females; eleven of the inmates were insane, five were
idots, one was a deaf-mute, and six were children. Nine of the
inmates were confined in rooms or in airing-courts. The number
present, April 1, 1889, was 30; seventeen were admitted, four
discharged, and one died dui'ing the year; leaving 42 present,
April 1, 1890. The inmates appeared ito be cleanly, moderately
well clothed, and in good health. The food furnished f'>r break-
fast, was wheat bread, meat, butter, molasses, milk, coffee, and
vegetables ; for dinner and supper the same variety, with the
addition of ginoer-cakes and pie at supper.
Stauk:— Visited July 4, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles south of Toulon. The
farm contains 160 acres, all of which are in cultivation. The
land and buildings are estimated to be worth $18,800, the fur-
niture f 1,000, and all other property belonging to the county
$200. The superintendent receives a salary of seven hundred
dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending May 1, 1890, was |1, 560.79, for improvements $255.00,
and the cost of out-door relief was $1,142.37. The grounds in
front of the building were tastily arranged with beds of flower-
ing plants, and the rear grounds were kept clean and fi-ee from
rubbish. The building was in excellent repair. The walls and
ceilings of the rooms and corridors were white and clean, and
the floors show that water, soap, and labor have been freely
used. The beds and bedding were in good condition, clean, and
tidily kept. The inmates appeared to be cleanly in their per-
sons, fairly well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished is good farm-house fare. There were sixteen inmates
present ; seven males and nine females. Two of the inmates were
insane, and five were under sixteen years of age. Nineteen in-
mates Avere present, April 1, 1889; nine were admitted, and
eleven discharged, during the year; seventeen remained, April 1,
1890. Since last visit, two cages of steel, each six by seven feet,
have been placed in the southwest corner room of the second
floor, for the use of the insane. The cages cost two hundred and
fifty-five dollars. The building is comfortably heated b}'^ steam,
and is well furnished. The house and inmates seem to be well
cared for.
170
St. Ci^aik:— Visited April 21, 1890.
The buildings of this institution were found to be in good
condition, and the grounds ueatlj kept. No change of im-
portance has taken place since last visit. The rooms have
fair ventilation and are well heated by stoves in cold weather.
The water-supply is taken from a well which is seventy-
two feet in depth and which has a flowing spring of
very excellent drinking water. Three cisterns furnish all
that is needed for washing purposes. The rooms, beds, and
bedding were clean and in good condition. The inmates ap-
pear to be cleanly, fairly well clothed, and the health of the
regular inmates was good. The food furnished is of excellent
quality (especially the bread) and abundant in quantity. This
institution is used as a hospital, and some of the inmates were
found laid up with fractured limbs, and others were low with
sickness. The insane have daily medical attendance, and each
sex has a special attendant. The insane are allowed their lib-
erality during the day but are locked in at night. During the
past year, al30ut fifteen of the insane were discharged as cured.
This institution can accommodate twenty insane. There were
one hundred and two inmates present, sixty males and forty-
two females. Twenty-five of the inmates were insane, one an
idiot, one a deaf-mute, two blind, five epileptics, and three chil-
dren under sixteen years of age. There were one hundred and nine
inmates present April 19, 1889. Three hundred and eight were
admitted, two hundred and sixty-four discharged, and forty died
during the year; one hundred and thirteen inmates remained April
1 , 1890. The county authorities have plans prepared
for new buildings at this institution; one is to be two-
story brick, 69x46 feet, with a slate roof, to be occu-
pied by females and female insane; the other building is
also to be two stories and of the same material, 60x40
feet, to be used as a kitchen; dining-room, etc. The
new buildings will be heated by steam and supplied with city
water. The improvements are estimated to cost about $25,000.
The cost of maintenance at the almshouse for the year ending
April 1, 1890, was 16,578.58, the cost of cemeterv grounds
12,430.00, and the expense for out-door relief 16,362.78. The
estimated value of the countv farm and buildings is $43,000;
furniture |8,000, and other property $3,000.
Stephenson: — Visited August 6, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles south of Freeport. The
farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all of which are in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
fJO,000, the fui-niture $500, and all other property belonging
to the farm $2,000. The superintendent receives a salary of
eight hundred dollars. The cost of maintenance at the alms-
house foi- the year ending September 1, 1889, was $4,228.36,
and for out-door relief $3,703.28. The grounds and buildings
were found to be in their usual excellent condition. The walks
and the loose planks still receive their regular scrubbings, the
171
walls and corridors of tlie interior of each building were as white
snow, and the floors showed the expenditure of soap, water and
vigorous labor. The almshouse is provided with tanks, which
are supplied with water by a wind-pump, and with hose, for use
in case of fire. The water for drinking purposes comes from a
well. The buildings occupied by paupers are heated by furnaces.
The beds and bedding were in excellent condition, neat and
tidy. There were thirty-six inmates present; seventeen males
and nineteen females. Twelve of the inmates were insane, one
an idiot, one a deaf-mute, one blind and three epileptics. One
of the insane, a woman, was locked in a room. The inmates
appeared to he cleanly, moderately well clothed, and iu the en-
joyment of health. The food furnished is farm-house fare, and
is good iu quality, quantity, and variety. Forty-three inmates
were present April 1, 1889. Thirty-four were admitted, thirty-
four discharged, and three died during the year; forty remained
April 1, 1889. On the seventeenth of May last, Mr. Jacob
S. Reisinger, who has been the efficient superintendent of the
county almshouse for the last fifteen years, was murdered by
an insane man, an inmate of the poorhouse, named Wilhelm
Wilhelms. An account of the awful deed was published in the
''Freeport Daily Bulletin," on the day of the murder, and is in
part as follows:
[Weekly Bulletin, May 22, 1890.]
AN AWFUL DEED.
J. S. Reisinger Brutally Murdered— The Assassin at Large — The
Awful Deed Committed by a Lunatic — Without the Least Provo-
eatlon — A Graphic Description of the Terrible Crime — A Posse
IN Pursuit of Him — How the Deed was Committed— The Coroner's
Inquest — A Brief Sketch of His Life and the General Details
Eegarding the Crime.
[From Saturday's Daily.]
Standing- back a short distance from the fence was a wagon, its sides
covered with blood and the brains of a human being scattered near. Iu
a tleld about three miles from town, and lying on nature's green earth
could be seen the foot and arm of a man. Nothing else was visible of
him. A large crowd of people surrounded the scene and occasionally one
would venture to raise the cover and a sight that would thrill the strong-
est heart and weaken the strongest nerve would meet tlieir gaze. A fear-
ful and awful nnu'der had been committed. A strong heart had
ceased to beat: one wbo ai'ose early this moi'uing and had only a short
time before taken his morning meal with his good wife and daughters lay
on that small spot of earth, his voice stilled and his soul gone to the other
world.
AN awful crime.
About 9 o'clock this morning a messenger from the poor farm ])rought
the awful news to this city tliat a delilicrate and foul murder had ])een
committed at the poorhouse. An i usance patient had withont a moment's
warning struck the awful l)low that forever deprived J. S. Reisinger, the
poor farm superintendiMit, of his life. As would be expected the news
spread with great rapidity through this city. At first many who heard it
were loth to believe that it could be possible. In a remarkaldy short space
of time nearly every vehicle obtainable in this city was brought to use
172
and crowds of people wended their way to the scene of the awful deed.
A Bulletin reporter arrived at the scene of the murder a short time after
the news was l»rf)ught to this city. The scene at the home of the de-
ceased was pitiful and heart-rending- to behold. The wife and other mem-
bers of the family were heart-broken over the sad affair. About one-half
mile from the house, away off in a field, was a large crowd of people where
the remains of the murdered man were lying.
The place where the remains were lying was about twenty feet from the
lane that runs through the farm. On the strip of land was a wagon with
its sides spattered with blood. Underneath it. covered with a white spread
and a comforter, was all that was mortal of J. S. Reisinger. Upon re-
moving the covering a sight of the most sickening kind
:m:et one's eyes.
With face turned towards the blue vaults of the mystic heavens whose
clouds were gliding swiftly across the warm May sun gilding heaven's
dome, with glassy eyes, whose light will never again see the light of day^
lay the murdered man.
What a terrible crime had been committed I
The face of the dead man was mutilated almost be.yond recognition.
The entire face and head was one mass of blood and wounds. A deep
gash commencing at the back of the neck and extending over his brains
and down to his mouth; both sides of his head split in two, and deep and
ugly looking gashes all over his head and face, w^as a sight that one would
not care to see more than once in the course of a human life. It was
terrible ! Pen could hardly protray the awful and hideous appearance of
the scene. The clothes of the man wiiose last breath of life had departed
were spattered with blood; the ground near by was also covered with the
same, and only a short distance aw^ay the brains that give one thought
and knowledge were also visible, strewn in different parts of the field and
part of them hanging on the wagon wheels and inside the ways. 'No other
part of his body was injured. 'Sea.r by stood in groups knots of men dis-
cussing the deed that had been done. A good man had been most cruelly
dealt with and even in the presence of the sacred spot, language was used
toward the one that committed the deed that easily told the feeling of
those axound.
HOW THE DEED WAS DONE.
Whether the murder had been planned or not is a question that will
never be known, as it was the work of a mind that had once been adjudged
insane. As everybody knows Mr. Reisinger was superintendent of the poor
farm for a great many years. Under his care come people who are sub-
ject to fits of insanity and during which they will not stop at deeds of
violence of any kind. Mr. Reisinger has at different times had attempts
made on his life, but has always been fortunate in escaping without
great injury. But the final blow or blows that deprived him of his life
were struck this morning by Wilhelm Wilhelms, an inmate of the poor-
house. The story
OF THE CRIME
is as follows :
About 8 o'clock this morning Mr. Reisinger, accompanied by his hired
man, Yinzents Gtengel, went out in the field to build a fence that had
been under construction for nearly a week. Before going into the field
they p\it a numV)er of articles into their wagon such as boards, nails and
other articles of a like description that would be used in building the
fence. -Just as they w'ere about to start Mr. Reisinger got an ax and
sharpened it. Standing near by at the time he was sharpening the blunt
instrument that a short time afterward deprived him of his life was Wil-
helm Wilhelms, with all the thoughts of a mind diseased and the cun-
ningness of a lunatic he awaited the time for them to depart for their
day's work. AVhen everything had been arranged for them to go into the
green fields Mr. Reisinger informed AVilhelms that he was to assist them
173
in their clay's work. Mr. Reisinger and Ga?ngel sat in the seat and Wil-
helms in the rear of the wagon on the lumber. With the lines in liis
hand ^Ir. Reisinger directed the horses to their destination. While on the
way very little was said by either one of them. When they got within a
short distance of the place where they were to labor during the day he
informed (Ja^ngel that Wilhelms would assist him the same as he had been
doing during the course of a week. Nothing more was said, but Wilhelms
with the cunning of a person of his kind, seated as he was behind the
two. reached down and noiselessly lifted one of the axes up, slowly arose
from his seat and without a moment's warning raised the ax in the air
and dealt tlie blow tliat caused Mr. Reisinger his life. His head
FELL DOAVN ON HIS BREAST
and the breath of life departed from his body. Gjengel immediately jumped
u]) all excited, but not in time to arrest the next blow, and once more the
keen blade of the ax that had been sharpened but a short time before was
driven into the head of the then dead man. Without an instant's loss of
time Gtengel jumped out of the wagon, and a short time later Wilhelms
was at his side, raising the ax in the air he once more tried to strike
Ga^ngel, but scared almost to death over vvhat he had just witnessed
Ga-ngel took to his heels and ran towards the poor farm. The murderer
did not stop at his work after striking the second blow, for he must have
again mounted the wagon and struck his victim eight lilows more, as there
are ten gashes in the head and each one of them large enough to admit a
person's hand. Cunning and shrewd enough to realize what a diabolical
deed he had just committed the murderer with the ax in his hand slowly
walked along and finally happening to glance up sq,w that there had been
one more witness to his work; took to his heels and ran away in a south-
erly direction. In the field a short distance away from where the crime
had been committed,
ALMOST SPEECHLESS
stood Ezra Springer. Tie informed the Bulletin rei)orter that he was at
work in the field when he was attracted l^y the noise caused by the running
away of the team. He says that as soon as the lines fell from Mr. Reis-
inger's hands tlie team commenced to run and just as he glanced up he
saw the second blow fall upon Mr. Reisinger's head. He immediately
started to catch the runaway team, but before he could they had run
through the fence and one of them was soraewhat injured. Thus the team
was stopped. When he reached the spot where the team was, Mr. Reis-
inger was lying on the ground under the horses feet. Unhitching the
team he called for assistance. As soon as Mr. Reisinger's family heard of
what had happened to the one they so dearly loved the scene at the bouse
was terrible to witness. Nothing could control the gi-ief of his wife and
she started out to see if the report was true. Going out into the field she
beheld the hideous sight of her murdered husband. With a shriek she
fell to the ground in a deep swoon. By this time the people from" I he
city had arrived at the scene of the murder.
AVHO THE ASSASSIN IS.
A great many readers will remember that about two years ago a man
was found out near Crane's Grove who had every appearance of being crazy.
He made his appearance there on the day of tlie democnitic barbecue that
was held in this city. lie built a house near by of l)ranches of trees, sup-
ported by poles. A great many complaints were made about him and
finally Sheriff Timms ordered his ari'est and he was placed in jail. On
his trial he o]ieidy admitted to having lived on the meat of a hog th;it had
DIED OF THE CHOLERA.
He was given a trial and sent to the poorhouse. During his stay at the
poorhouse he had frequently shown symptoms of mind-disease of a nature
€hat might lead him to do the act he committed but at such times they
had been able to control him by locking him up.'
174
STILL AT LARGE.
The murderer is still at large. Sheriff Timnis and a number of others
are scouring the woods for him and if is captured justice will fall upon
him sure and swift.
THE nSTQUEST.
Shortly after the crime Coroner Stearns arrived at the scene and prepara-
tions were made to hold the inquest. The body was placed in a wagon
and taken to a building, called the asylum. The following jury was then
selected and sworn: H. Poffenberger, foreman; James K. Cowley, W. I.
Brady, Fred. Flachtemeier, J. R. Weaver and Frank Bering. All the jury
having viewed the remains adjourned to the dining-room where the work
of taking the evidence was commenced.
THE EVIDENCE
was substantially the same as what has already been said about the case,
the only witnesses being the hired man and Ezra Springer. The first wit-
ness was Gsengel. He is a German and speaks very poor Englisli and in
order to get his story thoroughly Capt. Arno was chosen as interpreter.
Ke told nothing more than what has already been told.
Springer's story was the same way.
After hearing the testimony the jury rendered the following verdict : We,
the jury, find that J. S. Reisinger came to his death from wounds in-
flicted by Wilhelm Wilhelms with an ax while going to the field of the
poor farm to build a fence. That there was no provocation for the cause
of the murder, for the murderer had been sent to the poor farm as an in-
sane pauper, and we, the jury, find that the necessitating the superin-
tendent to farm the land belonging to the poor farm and employing dan-
gerous or insane persons is wrong and that the superintendent should only
be required to attend to the supplies and wants of the paupers.
HIS BIOGRAPHY.
The deceased was one of the best known men in this county, having
been at the head of the poor farm in this county for fifteen years, and
his management of the same has been eminently satisfactory in every re-
spect. In politics he was a republican. lie was a native of the state of
Ohio and spent his childhood in Trumbull county, Ohio, where he was
born February 20, 1836. His father was a blacksmith which he followed
in Trumbull "county until the spring of 1855 when they came west. The
deceased was the "eldest of eight children, six sons and two daughters.
His parents located in Rock Run township, and two years later he was
married to Miss Rebecca Hulse, the wedding taking place January 8, 1858.
The fruits of the happy union was seven children, three of whom are dead.
The sorrowing members of the family are Ada, Lizzie, Anna and Allie,
all of whom were at home at the time of the murder. The family are all
members of the Methodist church of this city. He took an important part
in Odd Fellowship and was an active member of Winneshiek Lodge, this
city.
The funeral arrangements have not been made yet, but it is expected
that they will be held Monday.
MADE A THREAT.
A gentleman who came from the scene of the murder informed a Bulle-
tin reporter this afternoon that Wilhelms expressed himself some time ago
to one of Reisinger's daughters that he would do something some time
this week that would make those around remember him for some time to
come.
That his threat has been accomplished in all its meaning is unques-
tioned.
175
Tazewell: — Visited July 5, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles west of Tremont. The
farm contains two hundred and nine acres, all of which are in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
$20,000, the furniture f 1,575, and all other property belonging;
to the farm .f 3,170. The keejjer receives a salary of one thous-
and five hundred dollai'S. The cost of nmintenance at the
almshouse, for the year ending December ] , 1889, was 1 5,058.82,
for repairs and improvements ifl,254.69, and for out-door relief
f7,096.93. The buildings were found to be in fair repair, but
much worn. The walls of the rooms were white and clean, and
the floors well scrubbed. The bedding and beds in the women's
department were clean and tidy, but the beds in the men's
rooms were in some disorder. The buildings are comfortably
heated by stoves. Cisterns and wells afford an abundant water-
supply. Since last visit, an ice-house and a smoke-house have
been erected which cost f500, and all the buildings have been
repaired and painted. An outside stairway to the second story
of the women's department has also been constructed, for use
as a fire-escape. There were seventy-seven inmates present;
fifty-four males and twenty -three females. Eight of the inmates
were insane, two idiots, four blind, three epileptics a,nd four
under sixteen years of age. The inmates appeared to be cleanly,
moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food fur-
nished was good and abundant. Sixty-two inmates were
present, April 1, 1889. Forty-six were admitted, thirty-four
discharged, and seven died, during the year; sixty-seven re-
mained, April 1, 1890. There is much improvement to be noted
in the care of the house and its inmates over foi-mer years.
Union:— Fisited April 26, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles east of Anna. The farm
contains eighty acres, of which seventy are in cultivation. The
land and Ijuildings are estimated to be worth .f8,000, the fur-
niture |200, and all the other farm property f 300. The super-
intendent receives an annual salary of $300. There has been
no change in the condition of this almshouse since last visit.
The buildings were in fair repair. The rooms, beds and bedding-
were moderately clean, but at the time of this visit, eleven
o'clock A. M., the beds had not been made up. The rooms are
heated by stoves. The water-supply is from a cistern. There
were seventeen inmates present; five males and twelve females.
Five of* the inmates were idiots, one blind, two epileptics, and
three under sixteen years of age. The appearan(;e of the in-
mates as to cleanliness and clothing was moderate, and the
health seemed to be good. The food furnished was good and
abundant. There were nine inmates present, April 1, 1889.
Sixty-one were admitted, fifty-one discharged, and thi-ee died,
during the year ending April 1, 1890, leaving sixteen inmates.
The cost of maintenance of the almshouse, for the year ending-
September 1, 1889, was $710.77, and the amount paid for out
door relief was $544.03.
176
Vermilion: — Visited June 12, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles west of Danville. The
farm contains two hundred and ten acres, all of which are in
cultivation. The laud and buildings are estimated to be worth
f 21, 000, the furniture |1,000, and all other propert}' .^1,500.
The keeper receives a salary of five hundred dollars. The cost
■of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending' Septem-
ber 1, 1889, was 12,583.05, and for out-door relief |28,872.15.
The buildings were in good repair. The walls of the rooms were
clean and white, and the floors Avell scrubbed. The insane de-
partment was in excellent condition; beds and bedding clean
and tidy, and floors clean as possible. The beds and bedding
generally were clean, and in moderate condition. The com-
mittee on poof farm will report to the next meeting of the
board that they are in favor of erecting a large building, as a
poorhouse, and abandoning the use of the present buildings.
They are in favor of a central building for the occupancy of the
superintendent, with a wing on each side for each sex. The
pi'esent buildings are so scattered that it is impossible for the
superintendent to properly supervise the inmates. There were
fort^^ inmates present; twenty-four males and sixteen females.
Nine of the inmates were insane, two idiots, two deaf and dumb,
one blind, two epileptics, and two children. The inmates ap-
peared to be cleanly, moderatel^^ well clothed, and in good
health. The food furnished seemed to be satisfactory. There
were forty-nine inmates present, April 1, 1889. Ninety-one
were admitted, eighty-eight discharged, and four died, during
the year; forty-eight remained, April 1, 1890.
^\AB Asm— Visited May 14, 1890.
This almshouse is located two miles and a half northeast of
Mt. Carmel. The farm contains one hundred and five acres,
seventy-five of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings
are escimated to be worth two thousand five hundred dollars.
The keeper receives ninety cents a week for each inmate, except
the insane and helpless, for whom he receives one dollar and
forty-five cents a week, and agrees to feed, clothe, and care for
all paupers sent to him. He has the farm free of rent. The
cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending Sep-
tember 1, 1889, was f758.05, for repairs .f69.78, and for out-
door relief .$2,463.02. The buildings were originaily poor, and,
•as the years roll by, they are becoming worse. The rooms and
bedding used by the insane were in bad condition, and those
occupied by other inmates needed cleaning and renovating.
The floors were dirty. There is too much ventilation in cold
weather. The rboms are heated by stoves. The water-supply
is from a cistern. The beds and bedding, which belong to the
county, are poor. There were eleven inmates present; nine
males and two females. One of the inmates was an idiot, two
epileptics, one a child, and one an insane man, who is locked in
day and night. The county- physician attends onlj^ when called.
177
The inmates were not cleanly, and were poorly clothed. Then-
health seemed to be good. The food furnished was plain but
abundant. There w^ere eleven inmates present, April 1, 1889.
Twelve were admitted, and the same number discharged, during
the year, leaving eleven present, April 1, 1890.
Warren:— Fisifed June 30, 1890.
This almshouse is located six miles south of Monmouth. The
farm contains one hundred and twenty acres, all of which ai-e
in cultivation. The land is estimated to be worth |6,000, the
buildings are worthless, the furniture is worth .f250, and all
other property |1,450. The superintendent receives a salary of
six hundred and sixty dollars per annum. The cost of mainten-
ance at the almshouse, for the vear ending September 1, 1889,
was 13,411.48, and for out-door relief |4,294.34. There has
been no change in the condition of the buildings, except
general decay. They were found to be in the same worthless
condition. The floors and stairways are worn-out. The rooms
and halls were as clean as possible to be made in such a rookery.
No pains are spared to give the worn-out hovel a clean and
home-hke appearance, and to make it comfortable. The floors
show the effect of repeated scrubbing. The rooms in the attic
of the main building were, with the thermometer at 100°, as it
was at the time of 'this visit, hke a bake-oven. The beds and
bedding were in fair condition, clean and tidy in the rooms oc-
cupied by women, but in the men's quarters and the insane de-
partment the bedding seemed to be much worn, untidy, and not
clean. There were twenty-eight inmates present; sixteen males
and twelve females. Nine of the inmates were insane, one an
idiot, one bhnd, and four under sixteen years of age. The in-
mates appeared to be moderately clean, poorly clothed, and in
good health. The food furnished was good farm-house fare.
Twenty-four inmates were present, April 1, 1889. Fifteen were
admitted, nine discharged, and four died during the yeai-; twenty-
six remained, April 1, 1890. The county authorities have again
been moved to erect castles in the air. They now talk of selling
the present farm and purchasing one nearer Monmouth, and
erecting suitable buildings thereon. It is hoped that these
castles will materialize.
Washington:— Fisitec? May 7, 1890.
This almshouse is located three and a half miles southeast of
Nashville. The farm contains eighty acres, which are all in cul-
tivation. The keeper receives one dollar and forty cents a week
for feeding each inmate, and has the use of forty acres of land
free of rent. He pays rent for the remaining forty acres, at the
rate of one hundred dollars per annum. The building was found
to be in good condition generally. The walls and ceilings of the
rooms needed whitewashing, and here and there the plastering
had fallen off. The basement had not been in use for some time,
on account of water coming into it, there being no drain. The
—12 P. C.
178
beds and bedding were poor and of little value. The house is
poorly furnished. Chairs should be provided for the sitting- and
dining-rooms, and an occasional chair in the sleeping-rooms
would add much to the comfort of the inmates and not cost
the county much. The inmates appeared to be cleanly, moder-
ately well clothed, and in good health generally. The food fur-
nished was good. There were seventeen inmates present; nine
males and eight females. Five of the inmates were insane, two
blind, two epileptics, and one under sixteen years of age. Twenty
inmates were present, April 1, 1889. Thirty-three were admitted,
thirty-two discharged, and three died, during the year; eighteen
remained, April 1, 1890. The land and buildings of the county
farm are estimated to be worth $8,600, and the furniture -f 100.
The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year ending
September 1, 1889, was |1,183.27, and for out-door relief
|4,35'J.46.
Wayne:— Fi.^itec? May 14, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles northeast of Fairfield. The
farm contains two hundred acres, all of which are in cultivation.
The land and buildings are estimated to be worth |5,000, the
furniture $100, and the other property owned by the county
$490. Since last visit, the exterior of each building has been
painted, and each room of the main building thoroughly white-
washed. The floors of the main building are kept clean, but are
nearly worn out. The other buildings are not so neatly kept,
especially the building for the insane, which was very dirty, and
should be improved. The beds and bedding of all the rooms,
except those for the insane, were clean, and in fair condition;
but the beds and bedding in the insane department were poor,
w^orn out, and soiled. Furniture at this almshouse is scarce and
nearly worthless. Chairs have to be carried to and from the
dining and sitting-rooms, and when the dining-room is occupied,
the sitting-room has not a single article of furniture left in it.
The buildings are heated by stoves The water-su])ply is from
wells and cisterns. There were twenty-three inmates present;
thirteen males and ten females. Three of the inmates were in-
sane, two idiots,, one a deaf-mute, one blind, four epileptics, and
four under sixteen years of age. Two of the insane were locked
in rooms. One of the female inmates is afflicted with syphilis in
its worst form, and she has been ordered isolated and her cloth-
ing kept separate, to prevent the spread of the disease. The in-
mates, except in the insane department, were moderately cleanly,
poorly clothed, and seemed to be in good health. The inmates
of the insane department were filthy and ragged. The food fur-
nished seemed to be satisfactory. There were thirty-nine inmates
present, April 1, 1889. Twenty -four were admitted, twenty-eight
discharged, and four died, during the year; thirty-one were pres-
ent, April 1, 1890. The keeper receives a salary of six hundred
dollars. . The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the year
ending November 30, 1889, was $1,106.35, for repairs $12.96,
and for out-door relief $3,142.08.
179
WuiTi::— Visited April 29, 1890.
The county poorhoiise is located two and a half miles west of
Carmi. The land and buildings are estimated to be worth
14,600, and the furniture |200. The stock and farm imple-
ments are owned by the keeper. The building- was in fair con-
dition. Since last visit, a partition has been placed across the
front part of the hall, so that the rooms occujjied by paupers
are separate from those occupied by the keeper's fainiiy. Tlie in-
terior of the building needs repainting and white-washing. It is
well ventilated, and is comfortably heated by stoves. Cistern
water is used for washing and table use. The beds and bedding
were in moderate condition. There were thirty inmates present;
twelve males and eighteen females One of the inmates was an
epileptic, and eleven were children. Of the childi-en, eight were
infants, and said to be illegitimate. The a])pearance of the in-
mates as to cleanliness and clothing might be much improved.
They seemed to be in good health. The food furnished is
necessai'ily plain, as the keeper is allowed the farm free of rent,
and only twelve and a half cents a day for feeding and clothing
the inmates. Estimating the rent of the tillable land, at three
dollars per acre, the net amount received by the keeper for the feed-
ing and clothing of each inmate would be about fifty -four dollars
and fifty cents. The number present, April 1, 1889, was twenty-
three. Thirty were admitted, twenty dischaiged, and four died,
during the year; leaving twenty-nine present, April 1, 1890. Tlie
cost to the county of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
year ending September 1, 1889, was |122.44, and the cost for
out-door relief |4,853.46.
WniTEiiiuii:— Visited July 29, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles and a half east of Mor-
rison. The fai-m contains one hundred and eight acres, all of
which ai"e in cultivation. The land a.nd buildings are estimated
to be worth f 15,000, the furniture 1500, and all other prop-
erty belonging to the farm f 1,1 50. The superintendent receives
a salary of eight hundred and fifty dollars. The (;ost of main-
tenance at the almshouse, for the year ending March 31, 1890,
was f4,734.16, for repairs and improvements $496.12, and for
out-door relief |4,607.59. The buildings were in good repair,
excpt the insane department, where the fioors are much worn.
The rooms generally were neatly kept. The walls were white
and clean, and the floois well scrubbed. The beds and bedding
were in good condition, clean, and tidih' kejjt. There were forty-
five inmates present; nineteen males and twenty -six females.
Twenty-two of the inmates were insfine, four idiots, one blind,
seven epileptics, and one a child. Twelve of the insane were
locked in rooms. One insane female cannot be kept clothed.
She sleeps in a box. on some straw. Two females and six males
are filthy in their habits and persons, and are hard to care for.
There were forty-seven inmates present, April 1, 1889: twenty-
one were admitted, fourteen discharged, and four died, during
180
the year; fifty inmates remained, April 1, 1890. The inmates
generally appeared to be cleanly in their persons, moderately
well clothed, and in good health. The food furnished was good
farm-house fare and seemed to be satisfactor}^ Since last visit,
alien-house has been erected, which cost seventy-five dollars; a
wind-mill has been purchased ; a sewer has been constructed
from the insane department, which cost four hundred dollars;
and general repairs, painting and plumbing, have been made,
which cost two hundred and fifty dollars. The buildings are
comfortably heated by steam. The water-supply is abundant.
Hand grenades and hose attached to hydrants afford some
means of protection against fire. The insane department should
be completely renovated. The floors are worn out and the par-
titions and ceilings of the cells, which are harbors for bed-bugs,
should be removed, and, if wood is used in the reconstruction,
the joints should be made tight and kept painted, so that ver-
min could not find a harbor.
W11.L:— Visited August 11, 1890.
This almshouse is located five miles west of Joliet. The farm
contains eighty acres, ail of which are in cultivation. The land
and buildings are estimated to be worth -f 11, 000, the furniture
1500, and all other property belonging to the county farm |800.
The superintendent receives a salary of seven hundred and fifty
dollars. The cost of maintenance at the almshouse, for the
vear ending September 30, 1889, was |6,192.26, for repairs
1381.39, and for out-door relief $1,948.16. Of the amount
paid for maintenance and repairs at the almshouse, fl,861.81
was paid b3^ the county, and the remainder is charged to the
different towns. In addition to the amount paid for out-door
relief, amounts were paid by different towns, which have not
been reported to the count}^ clerk. The stone buildings ^Yere in
fair repair, but the old frame building is out of repair, worn
out, and utterly worthless. The rooms and corridors of the
stone buildings were in good condition and clean. The rooms
in the frame building are kept as clean and neat as the condi-
tion of the old rookery will allow. Bed-bugs thrive and multi-
ply, and are a torture to the inmates. The building should be
destroyed and a modern structure erected. The beds and bed-
ding were in fair condition; clean and tidily kept. The build-
ings were heated by stoves. The water supply, which is con-
veyed from a well by a wind-pump to a tank, is abundant.
Hose is connected with the tank, for use in case of fire. There
were seventy-three inmates present; forty -three males and thirty
females. Twenty of the inmates were insane — five males and
fifteen females; eight were idiots, one a deaf-mute and also
blind, four blind, and five epileptics. The inmates generally
appeared to be cleanly in their persons and clothing, moderate-
ly well clothed, and in the enjo3nnent of good health. Sixty in-
mates were present, April 1, 1889; forty-two were admitted,
twenty-two discharged, and five died, during the year; seventy-
181
five remained, April 1, 1890. The county authorities have
under consideration the pi'oject of the erection of a new alms-
house with modern improvements. It is hoped that their de-
liberations will result favorably, and that a new almshouse will
materialize in the near future.
Williamson:^ Fisi/^ec? May 7, 1890.
This almshouse is located one and a half miles north of
Marion. The farm contains eio'hty acres, sixty of which are in
cultivation. The land and buildings are estinmted to be worth
12,000, and the furniture |200. The buildings were in poor
condition. The walls and ceihngs of the rooms were black with
dii't and smoke, and the floors needed a mixture of muscle, soap,
and watei". The beds and bedding were clean and in moderate
condition. There were twenty-two inmates present; ten males
and twelve females. One of the inmates was insane, two idiots,
one a blind man, two epileptics, and eleven under sixteen 3^ears
of age. The blind man has been at this almshouse for many
years. He is regarded as an expert in making baskets. He
goes into the timber and selects and fells his basket timber.
He recognized the visitor by the sound of his voice, calling him
by name. He stated that he was going out in a few days to
pick berries. It is said that he makes no mistake, and can tell
the ripe ones as easily, and can pick them as fast, as the aver-
age seeing person. The inmates appear to be cleanly, moder-
ately well clothed, and in good health. The food furnished was
plain but abundant. A cistern is the water-supply. The build-
ings are heated by stoves and fire-places. The number of inmates
present, April 1, 1889, was twenty-five. Fifteen were admitted,
and sixteen discharged, during the year; leaving twenty-four
remaining, April 1, 1890. The keeper receives one dollar a week
for feeding each inmate, and has the farm free of rent. The
cost of maintaining the almshouse, for the year ending Julv 1,
1889, was 11,148.19, and for out-door relief |1,729.(50.
Wi^'SEBAGo:— Visited August 6, 1890.
This almshouse is located four miles north of Rockford. The
farm contains one hundred and forty-two acres, one hundred
and thirty of which are in cultivation. The land and buildings
are estimated to be worth |75,()00, the furniture |1 0,000, and
all otlier property belonging to the farm f 200. The superin-
tendent receives a salary of nine hundred dollars. The cost of
maintenance at the almshouse for the year ending April 1,
1890, was 14,812.82. In addition to tlie above amount, the
receipts from the sale of farm products, amounting to -11,104.59,
Avere paid for supplies. The amount paid for the new insane
department was |7,162.71, and the cost of out-door relief was
$7,442 21. The building was found to be in good repair. The
walls of the rooms and corridors were kept clean, and the fioors
shoAV constant care. Many of the walls of the corridors and
rooms have been painted. The ventilation is excellent. The
institution needs appliances for extinguishing fires, in case they
182
should break out. Water-tanks and fire apparatus are expected
to be provided in the near future. The buildings are comfort-
ably heated by steam. There is an abundance of water in wells
and cisterns, which is elevated hj a wind-pump; but when the
wind fails, pumping- is done bj hand, and the suppW necessarily
falls short. The beds and bedding were in good condition, clean,
and neatly kept. There were seventy-three inmates present;
forty-two males and thirty-one females. Thirty of the inmates
w^ere insane, three idiots, two epileptics, and five children. One
of the insane was locked in a room, and most of the insane
were not allowed outside of the building. The inmates appeared
to be cleanly', moderately well clothed, and but few were sick.
The food furnished was good in quality, quantity and variety.
There were sixty inmates present, April 1, 1889. Forty-two
were admitted, thirty discharged, and seven died, during the
year; sixty-five remained, April 1, 1890. Since last visit, a
three-story brick building, 52x32 feet, has been erected, on the
east end of the main building, for use as the insane department.
Each floor contains a central corridor, twelve rooms, a water-
closet, and bath-room. All the partitions between rooms and
corridors are of brick. Each floor has a veranda, at the east
end of the building, which is much appreciated b}^ the inmates.
There are also fire escapes at the east end of the building, com-
municating with each floor. The whole buildino- will afford
accommodation for forty patients. A hot-water boiler for sum-
mer use has also been purchased, and found to be a great con-
venience. The institution is kept in the best condition, and the
inmates are kindlj^ cared for.
Woot>fob,b:— Visited August 21, 1890.
This almshouse is located three miles southeast of Metamora.
The farm contains two hundred and forty acres, all of which are
in cultivation. The land and buildings are estimated to be
worth 128,000, the furniture |1,000, and all other property be-
longing to the farm |5,700. The superintendent receives a
salai-y of eight hundied dollars. The cost of maintenance at the
almshouse, for the year endinir September 1 , 1890, was |3,363.13,
for repairs |43.59,' and for out-door rehef |3, 201.33. The build-
ings were in fair condition, except the floors, which were much
w^orn, especially the brick floor in the cellar. The almshouse has
hose connection with a water-tank, but the hose and the water-
su]iply would pi'ove inadequate in case of a fire of any magni-
tude. The water-supply comes from a well with a wind-pump.
The buildings are heated by stoves. The walls of the rooms
and corridors seemed to have been receutl3^ whitewashed, and
the floors show that regular and frequent attention has been
given them. The bed-pest still commands attention, and will
not be ignored. The beds and bedding were in good condition,
clean, and tidily arranged in the rooms occupied by women, but
the men's beds seem to have been neglected. There were forty
inmates present; twenty-eight males and twelve females. Two
183
of the inmates were insane, two idiots, two epileptics, and three
under sixteen years of age. The inmates generally were cleanly,
moderately well clothed, and in good health. The food seemed
to be satisfactoi-y. Thirty -five inmates were present, April 1,
1890. Twenty-five were admitted, twenty-three discharged, and
three died, during the year; thirty-four were present, April 1,
1890.
184
CHAPTER V.
THE COUNTY JAILS.
In this chapter we give the results of Mr. Whipp's inspection
of the county jails of Illinois.
His researches show that there were incarcerated in these
county prisons, April 1, 1889, seven hundred and sixty-seven
souls. Comuiitted, during the ensuing twelve months, nine
thousand, three hundred and eight. Discharged, nine thousand,
four hundred and eighty-eight. Remaining, April 1 , 1890, seven
hundred and eight. Total number incarcerated, during the
year, ten thousand and seventy-five.
■ Of the 9,308 dischai-ged, the cases of only 3,633 came to
trial — 220 being acquitted, and 3,413 convicted and sentenced,
as follows: Fined, 311; sentenced to term of imprisonment in
jail, 1,884; sentenced to the penitentiary, 1,028; sentenced to
the state reform school, 190.
The other 5,(575 prisoners discharged during the 3^ear were
disposed of in the following manner: Discharged without trial,
4,651; released on bail, 740; sent to the insane hospital or
county almshouse, as lunatics, 309; escaped, 31; died, 4; wit-
nesses, 15 ; otherwise discharged, 105.
That 4,651 citizens of Illinois should have been arrested and
thrown into jail, and then discharged without trial, while the
number of cases tried was only 3,633, is in itself a commentary
upon the administration of justice.
Of the 708 prisoners remaining, April 1, 1890, there were
under sentence 1 21, and awaiting trial 587. At the same ratio
of convictions to commitments, but 210 of this 587 were likely
to suffer punishment at the hand of the law.
The number of prisoners actually present in all the jails at
the various dates of inspection, was 679, namely, 635 males
and 44 females. Of these, 505 were awaiting trial, 164 were
serving jail sentences, 5 were awaiting admission to an insane
hospital, 3 were awaiting removal to the penitentiary, and 1
was insane. Seventeen children, sixteen bo^^s and one girl, under
sixteen years of age, were found by hirn in the jails.
185
The cost of dieting- prisoners for the year was f 126, 1 06. 79,'
of repairs and improvements made, $15,419.13; and other jail
expenses, |33,877.09; total, $175,403.01.
These figures may be compared with those of former years,
as follows:
Date.
In jail.
Committed
during
year.
Discharged
during
year.
January 1, 1881
January 1, 188J
April 1, 1887...,
April 1, 1888...,
April 1. 188!*...
April 1, 1890...
703
721
605
683
767
708
7,507
7,633
"9,'308"
7,499
7,645
"9,' 488.
While the movement of population is more rapid than it was
some 3^ears ago, the average number of prisoners does not ap-
pear to increase.
Observe also the figures in the following table:
Yeaks.
Item.
1884.
1886.
1888.
1890.
752
719
32
834
796
38
34
33
1
28
737
687
■ 50
42
42
679
Mai es
635
Females
44
17
Males
16
1
Insane
26
24
2
579
559
20
128
119
9
6
6
40
30
10
583
545
38
133
121
12
21
21
6
6
.505
474
Females
31
Serving sentence ....
164
153
13
8
8
1
That the county jail system of the United States originated
in a condition of society long since obsolete, has been so often
shown, by reference to history and to the march of improve-
ment within tlie past half century, as to be an old story,
wearisome from iteration. It belongs with the puncheon floor,
the, spinning wheel, the hand loom, the flint-lock musket, and
the dug-out. The nation has long since out grown it.
It is as objectionable, on nearly every possible ground, as it
is antiquated. There is not a prison expert in the world, of
an3" reputation, who favors it. Yet it seems impossible to
186
shake it off. It is like a cancer whose roots run deep into the
vital parts of the body politic, and the patient groans, when-
ever its extirpation is attempted, or even suggested.
We beg the reader's polite attention, for a moment, to the
following demonstration of its senseless extravagance, from the
tax-payer's point of view.
On the mere question of current expense, or maintenance, we
have not much to say. The average population of the jails of
Illinois is between seven and eight hundred, let us say seven
hundred and fifty. To care for prisoners properly in a well
organized, well governed prison, costs from one hundred and
sevent3''-five to two hundred dollars a year per capita. Seven
hundred and fifty prisoners, therefore, would cost, for mainten-
ance, from .fl30,000 to .fl50,000 per annum, under any sys-
tem. Our reports show that the amounts paid by the counties
for dieting prisoners, and turnkeys' salaries, in 1880, aggre-
gated about $150,000, and they have stood at about that fig-
ure ever since. Including the cost of extra guards, the people
pay more than -f 150,000 a year for feeding and holding pris-
oners in their count}^ jail*^, not including clothing, furniture, or
repairs. If these prisonei"s were concentrated in a few good
prisons, under the control of the state, a slight saving would
probably be effected in the cost of maintenance, but it would
be small in amount. There would, however, be greater security,
more thorough classification, and far better discipline, than in
the county prisons.
But the point which we wish specially to make, is the vast
and unnecessary cost of prison construction, under the county
jail system. As has been shown, the average jail population is
less than eight hundred, and it would be much less but for im-
proper and useless arrests. Yet the number of cells provided in
the county jails exceeds twelve hundred, or fifty per cent, more
than would be required if every prisoner had a cell to himself,
as he should have. Now, to construct a first-class prison, with
every modern appliance and improvement, including single cells
for all prisoners, and quarters for officers and guards, costs
about two thousand dollars per capita, according to its
capacity. In other words, one and a half million dollars would,
properly applied, have furnished all the prison accommodations,
of this special character, needed in this state, and tha,t of the
very best. When we take into account the sheriffs' residences
attached to most jails, the cost of the county prisons per
capita has been no less, on the average. They have cost,
probabh^ two and a half million dollars in the aggregate.
That is to say, adherence to the county jail system has already
resulted in a waste of a million of dollars, in buildings, which
miti'ht have been saved, if the state had undertaken to do its
natural duty and assumed the charge and custody of all
offenders against law, instead of tui-ning them over to the
county authorities, who have really no business with them,
187
since the counties do not make the criminal laws, and are not
the part}' offended, when the law is broken. Forty per cent, of
the money expended in this direction has been thrown away,
when the best is said that can be said on the subject.
But the buildings provided by the counties are, for the most
part, utterly unfit for use as prisons. More than one-half of
them have been repeatedly condemned by the grand juries.
They are both insecure and unsanitary, lack light and air, are
badly drained, and imperfectly heated. Many of them are in a
filthy condition, and many are far too small to meet
the denmnd upon them. The people have paid this extra tax
for an inferior service.
There is another point to be considered. All sentenced pris-
oners should be employed at remunerative labor, and made to
pay a portion of the expense of supporting them in prison.
There are at all times about one hundred and fifty prisoners
under sentence in our jails, who are absolutely idle. The value
of their labor is also lost to the tax-payers. How absurd and
how wrong this is!
Outside of Chicago, the average number of prisoners in each
jail in the state, large and small, does not exceed four or five.
How ridiculous it seems to keep up an institution for so insig-
nificant a number of inmates !
So many prisons are not needed, and it is safe to assume
that the saving effected by a reduction in their number would
be followed by a corresponding reduction in judicial expenses.
MR. WHIPP'S REPORTS.
Adams: — Inspected June 28, 1890.
There has been no change in the construction of this jail. It
was found to be clean and in good repair. Part of it is well
lighted, but in the greater part artificial light has to be used.
The ventilation, as in all basement jails, is bad. It is comfor-
tably heated by steam, and has connection \vith the city water-
works. The drainage is good. There were ten prisoners pres-
ent; nine males and one female. Seven were awaiting trial, two
were serving sentence, and one was insane, awaiting admission
to a hos])ital. Twelve prisoners were present, April 1, 1889;
one hundred and forty-one were committed, and one hundred
and forty discharged, during the year; thirteen remained, April
1, 1890. The county pays for feeding prisoners forty cents a
day, when there are less than twenty ])risoners; above twenty
to twenty-five prisoners, thirty-seven and a half cents a day;
and for over twenty-five prisoners, thirty-five cents a day. The
cost for dieting pi-isoners, for the vear ending September 1,
1889, was 12,008.89, for repairs 190.90, and for other jail ex-
penses .f ()31 .96. Ueligious services are held every Sunday. No
improvements seem to be needed, unless the whole jail could be
elevated above the surface of the ground. Thirteen prisoners
188
escaped, at one time, by cutting bars and tlirougli a window.
Ten were recaptured.
QuiNCY City Workhouse: — Inspected June 28, 1890.
This old building is still used as a Avorkhouse. It is kept as
clean as labor can make it, and whitewash is freely used. Since
last visit, a barbed wire fence has been placed around the
grounds; and a shed, for breaking stone in, has been constructed.
The spring, which furnishes water, has been enclosed on three
sides by a well-built stone wall, and a pavement placed in front.
There were twenty-seven inmates present : seventeen males and
ten females. Eight of the females were in the shed, breaking
stone. The prisoners are required to take a bath frequently,
and on Sundays are furnished with an entire change of cloth-
ing. Five prisoners escaped, since last visit, but three were re-
captured. A stone cell-house, 160x40 feet, one story and a half
high, was in process of construction, at the time of this visit.
This cell-house will accommodate two hundred and fifty prison-
ers. The old buildings are unlit for use, and have been so, for a
long time. The new building will fill a^ long-felt want. Fifteen
prisoners w^ere present, April 1. 1889; three hundred and one
were committed, two hundred and ninety discharged, and two
escaped; leaving fourteen present, April 1, 1890.
The expenditiires for the year ending December 31, 1889, for ordinary purposes
were ,
For repairs and improvements
Total expenses
The r-redits were:
Prison labor
Material from quarry
Material on hand
Total
Surplus above ordinary expenses
S4.461 23
2,in 8b
§6,573 09
SI. 460 25
2.772 45
52(i 00
§4.748 70
287 47
Alexander: — Inspected April 28, 1890.
No change has taken place in this jail, since last visit. The
Ohio river has recentl}^ been higher than usual,, and the water
has entered the jail. At the time of inspection the floors and
walls were damp, and a fire was burning in the stvitli water.
CI.AY —Inspected May 13, 1890.
This jail is one of the old style man-killers. The light, heat,
and ventilation in the cells are poor. The jail is kept as clean
as such a jail can be. The walls of wooden cells are harbors
19.-{
for, aud are alive with vermin. It is heated by a stove in the
room below. Tliere were no prisonei-s present. None were pres-
ent April 1, 1890; twenty-five were committed, and the same
number discharged, during the year, leaving an empty jail,
April 1, 1890. Two prisoners escaped, since last visit, bj^ cut-
ting through the cell wall and through the brick wall to the
outside. It is supposed that tiiey were helped to tools by
friends. This jail should be torn down, and a decent one erected
in its place. The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding pris-
oners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending Sep-
tember 1, 1889, was 140'). 25; for repairs |3, and for other jail
expenses .fl39.o7.
CijI^ton :—Tnspe('te(J May 12, 1890.
This jail was found to be in as good condition as such a jail
can be kept. It was moderately clean. Whitewashing was in
process at the time of this visit. There has been no change, ex-
cept that city water has been introduced, and the sewer, which
formerly emitted sucli a foul odor, is flushed daily, and works
better and is much less offensive. The light and ventilation re-
main poor. The jail is heated by a stove. There were four
prisoners present, three males and one female. Two of the pris-
oners were awaiting trial, and two were city prisoners. One was
present, April 1, 1889; twenty-seven were committed, and
twenty-six discharged during the year; two remained in the
jail, April 1, 1890. One prisoner cut his throat, wli le being-
conveyed to jail, but recovered and serv^ed jail sentence. It is
supposed that he afterward drowned himself, as some books
owned b\^ him were found on the banks of Shoal creek; but
this is doubted by some, as his body has not been found. Two
prisoners escaped, since last visit, by cutting the cell-door, with
a case-knife, but one was retaken. The county authorities are
talking of erecting a new jail. The county pays sixty cents a
day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the
year ending September 1, 1887, was $518.55, for repairs $8.75,
and for other jail expenses $284.
Coles: — Inspected June 11, 1890.
This jail was found to be in fair condition, well heated, with
good light and ventilation, in the new cells. The old cells are
dark and without ventilation, but they are not often used. The
jail is sii])plied with city water. There were eight prisoners
present. Seven were awaiting trial, and one was serving sen-
tence. Eleven prisoners were present. April 1, 1889; ninety-
seven were committed, and ninety-six discharged, leaving twelve
in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty cents a, day for
dieting prisoners. The cost for feeding prisoners, for the year
ending September 1, 1889, was $1,226.50, for repairs $18.85,
and for other jail expenses $247.05. Since last visit, three pris-
oners made their escape, b}' cutting a bar and digging through
the w^all, while trusted in the jailor's corridor. All were recaj»-
tured .
—13 P. C.
194
Cook -.—Inspected July 22, 1890.
This jail was fouud to be in excellent condition in regard to
cleanliness. Whitewash was formerly used, but the walls of the
corridors and cells have been painted, and they are washed re-
peatedly and easily kept clean. The light and ventilation of
the upper cells are good, but poor in the lower cells and cor-
ridors. The jail is comfortably heated by steam. The water-
supply is from the city water-works, and the drainage is good.
The food furnished is prison fare, consisting of coffee and bread
for breakfast, beef-stew with potatoes for dinner, and coffee and
bread for supper. Many of the prisoners are liberally supplied
with provisions by their friends. There were two hundred and
twelve prisoners present; one hundred and ninety -five males and
seventeen females, nearly all awaiting trial. Nine of the male
prisoners were under sixteen years of age. Four of the youngest,
ranging from eleven to fourteen yeai-s of age, were charged wdth
burglary. What a shame, to place these little boys in such a
school of vice. The number of prisoners present, April 1, 1889,
was two hundred and fifty-seven. Those committed during the
year were charged with crimes as follows:
Arson
Abduction
Adultery
Abortion
Assault to kill
Burglary
Bigamy
Bastardy
Confidence game
Conspiracy
Contempt of court
Debtors
Embezzlement
Forgery
Larceny
Ma V hem
Murder
Obtaining goods, false pietenee.,
Obtaining money, false pretence ,
Peace bond
Robbery
Rape
Horse stealing
Swindling
Dependent boys
Uni ed States prisoners
Witnesses
Pnrjurv
Miscellaneous
Total committed
Prisoners present April 1, 1889.
Total
Prisoners discharged:—
By the criminal court
By the county court
By the circuit court
By the superior court
By the justices' com-ts
By the grand jury
Sent to house of correction
Served jail sentence
Sent to penitentiary
Sent to reform school
United States prisoners
Prisoners in jail, April 1,1890.
2
3
10
7
357
613
19
60
2
40
25
63
47
41
1,058
14
98
52
57
25
196
72
16
6
81
69
16
3
196
862
123
23
13
1,090
498
124
123
346
60
69
3,308
257
3,565
3,331
234
195
Religious .services are held uearh' every Sunday This jail is
almost always crowded, and although there are cells enough
and to spare, the space in the corridors is too small. I^arger'
accommodations, and large airing-courts for prisoners to exercise
inj should be provided. The detention hospital for the insane
was found to be in fair condition. The part occupied by females
was neatly kept, but the part occupied by males might be much
improved. There were fourteen insane inmates present; nine
males and five fenmles. There were also two dependent children.
There were ten insane inmates present, April 1, 1889. Six
hundred and ninety-eight were admitted, and six hundred, and
ninety- two discharged, during the year; sixteen remained April
1, 1890. An addition in the basement of the north end of the
detention hospital, providing for fifteen additional patients, of
the noisy class, was in course, of erection at> the time of this
visit. Two of the cells, in this addition, are to be padded. The
county pays twenty -five cents a day for feeding prisoners.
The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending December 31,
1889, was 122,600.90, and for feeding county prisoners at the
house of correction, for the same period, fG,885.75.
Chicago City House of Correction: — Visited July 24, 1890.
This institution is located on South California Avenue, south
of West Twenty-sixth street, in the city of Chicago. The land
and buildings are estimated to be worth .f(i7(),230.39, the fur-
niture 17,877.40, and all other property 132,959.99. The gen-
eral expenses, for the year ending December 31, 1889, were
$G9,23().40, and for buildings, etc., |55,639.11. The receipts of
the institution for the same period were .f70,353.89, showing a
surplus of 11,117.49 from receipts, over expenses, during the
year. The per capita cost of maintenance for the year was
$92.43. There were seven hundred and ninety-five prisoners
present; seven hundred and five males and ninety females.
Forty-five of the prisoners w^re boys, and two were girls, all
under sixteen 3'ears of age. Five hundred and ninety-nine were
present, April 1, 1889; eight thousand, seven hundred and forty
wei-e committed, eight thousand, three hundred and fifty -four
discharged, twelve escaped, and seventeen died, during the year;
nine hundred and fifty-six renmined April 1, 1890. The entire
institution was found to be in excellent condition in every re-
spect; cleanliness and neatness seem to be the order of the day.
The prisoners were clad in uniform. The food furnished was not
of much vaiiety, but good, wholesome prison fare. The means
for protection against fire consist of hand grenades, Babcock
extinguishers, fire-pumps and hose. The ventilation is very
good. The whole institution is heated comfortably by steam.
The drainage is good, except that when the river is high the
back water enters the cellai*. The water-supply comes from the
city water-works. Religious services are seldom held. The
deputy superintendent stated that the pastors of the city seemed
to expect remuneration, and the services of those who are will-
ing to serve without pay, are, as a rule, not appreciated. Male
196
prisoners are employed in weaving, cane-seating, stone-cutting,
brick-making, shoe-making, tailoring, and carpentery; and all
the females are employed in house-work, sewing and laundry-
work for the institution and the several police stations. The
charge for dieting countv and town prisoners is thirty cents per
diem. Since last visit, the octagon, residence, and administra-
tion buildings, have been completed. A new boiler-house and
coal-house have been constructed; six new steam-boilers, with
"Murphy" furnaces, have been placed in the boiler-house, and
are now in use; an electric light plant, with a capacity of one
thousand, one hundred lights, has been introduced, and now
lights the entire establishment ; and a portion of the west wing,
for use as a back kitchen, with officers' quarters above, has
been erected.
Craw WORD -.—Inspected May 17, 1890.
This jail still remains the same as at last visit. It was found
to be clean, well lighted, heated comfortably by stoves, and the
ventilation good. The water-supply is from a well. The force-
pump and pipes leading to th'e cells are out of repair. The
drain was in good order. There were no prisoners present. None
were present April 1, 1889 ; ten were committed, and the same
number discharged, during the year; leaving an empty jail,
April 1, 1890. There have been no escapes since last visit. No
improvements are needed, except the repairing of the pump and
water-pipes. The countj' pays fort^^'-flve cents a daj^ for feeding-
prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending-
September 1, 1889, was 1146.10, and for other jail expenses
12.80.
Cumberland : — Inspected May 19, 1890.
There has been no change in this jail. It was unoccupied, and
had not been cleaned out since the last prisoner was discharged,
but was in fair condition. It is small, and one prisoner makes
a crowd, as far as space is concerned. The hght and ventila-
tion are poor. It is thoroughly heated by a stove. In warm
weather, prisoners complain of"^ the heat. No prisoners were
present, April 1, 1889 ; thirteen were committed, and thirteen
discharged, during the year; leaving an empty jail, April 1,
1890. The county pays sixty cents a day for feeding- prisoners.
The amount ])aid for dieting^ for the year ending September 1,
1889, was 1256.15. There has been some talk of building a
new jail, which is sadly needed, as the present jail is not fit for
the confinement of human beings.
DeKalb -.—Inspected July 31, 1890.
This jail was found to be in good condition in regard to
cleanliness The walls of the corridor appeared to have been
recently painted and the ceiling- and cells recently whitewashed.
City water has been introduced. The jail is heated by a stove.
The light and ventilation are good, and the drain works satis-
factorily. There were three prisoners present, awaiting trial. One
197
of them belonged to Kane county. Two prisoners were ])resent
April 1.18S9; eleven were committed and twelve discharged during
the year; one remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays
forty-five cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid
for dieting, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was -f 426. 50;
for repairs .f 150, and for other jail enpenses f 760. The sheriff's
residence needs enlarging, and the wooden cells, ^^dlich harboi-
bed-bugs by the million, should be removed. At the time of
this visit, the prisoners and the turnkey were engaged in trying
to destroy the vermin with gasoline. One prisoner escaped,
since last visit, by breaking his bedstead, and with a part of
it prying off bars at the window, but he was recaptured.
BeWitt:— Inspected June 18, 1890.
This jail was erected at a time when it was thought that per-
sons committed to jail had no rights, except to be locked up
and securely kept. Light and ventilation seem to have been
overlooked by the architect and builders. The jail was found
to be clean. There was a little light and ventilation in the
small corridor which surrounds the stone cells, but the cells had
neither light nor ventilation, and the privy vault ])roves a
nuisance to prisoners and to those who occupy the residence.
There was one prisoner nominally present, who had been ad-
judged insane and was awaiting admission to a hospital. He
was on the street at the time of this visit. One was present.
April 1, 1889; filty were committed, and the same number dis-
charged, during the year; one remained in jail, Api-il 1, 1890.
The sheriff receives fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
cost for dieting, for the year ending May 1, 1890. was f 1,017.70 ;
for repairs .f 137. 12, and for othei' jail expenses f 196.27. This
jail is a ver\^ uncomfortable place. It should be reconstructed ;
the stone cells should be removed and steel cells substituted ;
and a drain should be constructed; or, better still, a new jail
should be constructed with modern appliances.
BovdhAs:— Inspected June 10, 1890.
This jail, which, like the prayer of the wicked, is an abomina-
tion unto the Lord, is still used as a place for the torture of
those charged with crime. Language is not sufficiently foi'cible
to describe the utter meanness and worthlessness of tiiis horri-
ble hole, or the condemnation mei-ited by those responsible for
its use. An ordinary pig-sty would be more comfoi'table, a
palace, compared with the cells of this jail. The county authori-
ties have no excuse for the maintenance of such a nuisance.
They certainly lack either sense or humanity. If they have good
sense, they should be imprisoned in this hole until they conclude
to build a decent jail, and if they are lacking in common sense,
they should be removed and give their place to men who have
common sense and are hunmne. The county has been sued by
W. D. Ulm, who was a prisoner in the jail, for ten thousand
dollars damages. He has been confined in the damp and un-
198
healthy cells for months past, and claims to have contracted a
bad case of rheumatism, thereby rendering him a cripple. It is
to be hoped that he will be able to collect his claim, for then
the authorities may deem it economy to build a new prison;
The corridor was moderately clean, but the cells were dirty and
did not seem to have been occupied for some time. The pris-
oners sleep in the corridor, on the floor. There were two pris-
oners present : one awaiting trial, and the other serving sentence.
Seven prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; twenty-four were
committed, and twenty-six discharged: five remained, April 1,
1890. The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners.
The cost of dieting prisoners for the vear ending November 30,
1889, was 11,012.35, for repairs |16.75, and for other jail ex-
penses 1278.99. Since last visit to this jail, four prisoners made
their escape from the hall in the basement of the court-house,
by digging through the wall. The sheriff, in the kindness of
his heart, had allowed the prisoners to exercise in the hall.
This villainous old apology for a jail should be abolished.
'DvF age:— Inspected July 23, 1890.
Since last visit, a new floor has been laid in the basement of
the jailor's residence. The jail was found to be clean. The light
and ventilation are bad. Nothing can be seen in the cells, with-
out artificial light It is heated by a stove. There were twelve
prisoners present: eleven men and one woman. Ei2:ht of the
Prisoners were awaiting trial, and four were serving sentence,
even of the prisoners were sent here from Kane county, whose
court-house and jail ^^•ere recently destroyed b^^ fire. Three pris-
oners were present, April 1, 1889: twenty-seven were committed,
and nineteen dischai-ged during the year: eleven remained in jail,
April 1, 1890. Religious services are held occasionalh\ A new
jail is much needed. Plans for a new jail and a sheriff's resi-
dence have been adopted by the county authorities, and they'
have advertised for proposals for its erection. The plans were
prepared by the Paully Jail Company of St. Louis. The jail is
to be two-stories in height. The first floor will contain a room,
in which will be placed a cage, which will have three cells on
each side of a central corridor. A jailor's corridor will sur-
round the cage. The second floor will have a cage with similar
divisions. The estimated cost of the jail and residence is twenty
thousand dollars. The county pays fifty cents a day for feed-
ing pi'isoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year end-
ing July 1, 1890, was .f 1,208. 33, for repairs |6.45, and for
other jail expenses |757.87. Of the above amounts, Kane county
is charged with 1317 for dieting, and 148.01 for other jail ex-
penses.
Ebg All:— Inspected June 11, 1890.
Since the last visit to this county, a new jail has been con-
structed, immediately north of the old jail site, and the old jail
removed. The new jail contains a residence for the keeper, which
190
is of brick. Tlie jail proper is constructed of cut stone, is three
stories in hei<>-lit, and contains four steel cells on each side of a
corridor, oi- cage, on each floor. It will accommodate about
sixty prisoners, and ample provision is made for pi-oper classi-
fication. It is a fine structure, has all the modern improve-
ments and appliances, and cost thirty thousand dollars. There
were five prisoners present when visited, but thc^se five prisoners
were in Coles countj^ jail in the morning-, and reported present
in the report for Coles county, and removed in the afternoon,
and were the first prisoners in the new jail. During the con-
struction of this jail, prisoners were sent to Coles county. Five
prisoners were present, (in the old jail), April 1, 18(89; sixty -five
were committed, and sixty-eight discharged, during the year;
leaving two, (in Coles county jail), April 1, 1890. The county
pays sixty-five cents a day for feeding prisoners. The cost of
dieting, for the year ending December 1, 1889, was f 1,156.00,
for building, etc.. 11,414.24, and for other iail expenses
fl,196.63.
Edwards: — Inspected May 15, 1890.
Nothing new can be said of this jail. There has been no change.
It was found to be clean. The light is very imperfect in the cor-
ridor, on a.ccount of the close-barred grating at the windows.
The cells are dark and without ventilation. The jail is heated
by a stove. The water-supply is from a cistern. There were no
prisoners present. The jail was also empty April 1, 1889.
Eleven prisoners were committed, and the same number dis-
charged, during, the year; leaving the jail empt}^ April 1, 1890.
Four prisoners escaped during the past j^ear. two through the
brick wall of the corridor, and two by cutting through the bars
of the cell-door. None were recaptured. The sheriff receives sixty
cents a day for feeding prisoners. The cost of dieting, for the
year ending September 1, 1889, was f 152.40, and other jail ex-
penses were Jf^l,670. There is some talk of erectiug a new jail,
but the authorities do not seem to be in a hurry, about build-
ing. This county has very little use for a jail. The citizens are
remarkable for iDeing peaceful and law-abiding. There is very
little business for the criminal court.
Effingham:— /72spectec7 May 20, 1890.
There has been no change since last visit. The jail is kept
clean. Being an upstairs prison, the light and ventilation are ex-
cellent. Theie were two prisoners present, awaiting trial. One
M-as present, April 1, 1889; forty eight were committed, and
forty-three discharged, during the year; six remained in jail,
April 1, 1890. This jail has defects, and is not as comfortable
as it should be. The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding-
prisoners. The cost for dieting, for the year ending June 1,
1890, was 1417.10, for repairs '|22. 37, and for other jail ex-
penses f57.50. The jail is heated by a stove, and the water-
supply is from a well. There have been no escapes, since last
visit. This jail should be modernized, or a new jail erected.
200
FAYwrTi::— Inspected May 21, 1890.
The jail, as usual, was in excellent condition in every respect.
The floors show the effect of soap, water, and muscle. The
li^^ht and ventilation are good. The jail is heated comfortabl3^
There has been no change in the condition of the cell prepared
for females. It still remains without light and ventilation.
There were six prisoners present; four awaiting trial, and two
serving sentence. Two were present, April 1, 1889; fifty-two
were committed, and forty-eight discharged, during the year;
six remained in jail, April 1, 3 890. The county pays fitty cents
a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for
the year ending September 1, 1889, was .|508.75, for repairs
$179.48, and for other jail expenses |192.95.
Ford: — Inspected August 23, 1890.
This jail was found to be in good condition and moderately
clean. The light was good in the corridors, but in the cells, the
light is poor, especially in the lower ones. There is no ventila-
tion in the cells, except through the grated doors. The jail is
heated by a stove. The drainage is good. The water-supply
comes from a cistern and is abundant. The privy-seats are
flushed with a bucket. The sewer is troublesome at times.
There were no prisoners present, and the jail has been empty
since the month of April last. None were present, April 1, 1889;
ten were committed, and seven discharged, during the year;
leaving three present, April 1, 1890. There have been no es-
capes. Better ventilation is needed, and the walls should be
steel-lined, or the stone cells removed and give place to a steel
cage and steel cells. The sheriff receives fifty cents a day for
feeding prisoners. The amount paid for boarding prisoners for
the year ending September 1, 1890, was .f203, for repairs
113.30, and for other jail expenses |154.49.
Franklin : — Inspected April 24, 1890.
Since last visit to this jail, a new floor of boiler iron has
been laid, and the cell-doors and hinges have been repaired, so
that the jail is now regarded as secure. But it is still a poor
affair. The light and ventilation are bad ; the sky-light leaks,
and the floors of the corridor and the ceils are damp. It was
dirty, and the matting laid in the corridor seemed to be in a
decaying condition. It is -heated by a stove. Cistern water is
used foi' all ])urposes. There were three male pi-isoners present,
awaiting trial. Four were present, April 1, 1889; eleven were
committed, and twelve discharged, during the year; leaving
three in jail, April 1, 1890. One prisoner escaped, since last
visit, through the floor. A new jail is desirable. Fifty cents
per day is paid for dieting prisoners. The amount paid for diet-
ing, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was f 120. 50, other
jail expenses for the same period were f 23.35.
201
Fulton: — Inspected June 24, 1890.
Since last visit to this jail, city water has been introduced,
and the sewer has been repaired and is now properly flushed
and prives no trouble. The jail was clean. The light is poor,
especially in the lower cells. The ventilation is not good. Pris-
oners com]3lain of the want of air in warm weather. There were
nine prisoners present; eight males and one female. Eight of
the prisoners were awaiting trial, and one was serving sentence.
The female prisoner, who was awaiting trial, was engaged in
the kitchen and at the wash-tub. Two prisoners were present,
April 1, 1889; forty-five were committed, and forty discharged,
during the year; seven remained in jail, April 1, 1890. Religi-
ous services are held in the jail occasionally. There have been
no escapes for several years. More light and ventilation are
very much needed. The county pays fifty cents a day for
boarding prisoners. The cost for dieting, for the year ending-
September 1, 1889, was 1984.05, for repairs |156.86, and for
other jail expenses f 449. 78.
Gallatin: — Inspected April 30, 1890.
There has been no improvement in this jail. It was found as
clean as possible to make such a jail. The light and ventila-
tion are fair, except in the cells, which are very dark and with-
out ventilation. Three prisoners were present; one was await-
ing trial, and two were serving sentence. Seven were present,
April 1, 1889; nine were committed, and fourteen discharged,
during the year; leaving two in jail, April 1, 1890. Three
prisoners (two men and a boy) made their escape, since last
visit. The two men were recaptured. The county pa^^s forty-
five cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for
dieting, for the year ending March 1, 1890, was $1,000, and
f258.65 for other jail expenses. Some effort should be made
to give ventilation to the cells, but it would be much better to
erect a new jail.
Greei-hteen were
committed and the same number discharged, during the year,
leaving two prisoners present, April 1, 1890. Since last visit, a
new tin roof has been placed on the jail. The ladies of the
W. C. T. U. sometimes call and converse with the prisoners.
No improvements are needed. Two prisoners made their escape
as follows: They were allowed in the jailor's corridor, and,
taking some rope from a hammock, doubled it, fastened one
end of the rope to the entrance door and the other end to the
bar of a cell ; then, with an iron leg, taken from the wash-
stand, they twisted the rope until the door was drawn from its
fastenings, and took their departure. They were, however, after-
wards retaken. The county pays sixt}' cents a day for l3oard-
ing prisoners. The cost for dieting, for the year ending Sep-
tember 1, 1889, was .f477.90, and the amount paid for other
jail expenses f 75.55.
Jefferson : — Inspected May 8, 1890.
There has been no change in this jail since last visit. It was
found to be clean and in excellent condition. It is well heated
and the drain works Avell. The light is poor in the cells. The
ventilation is good. Water is supplied from a cistern. There
were no prisoners present. One was present, April 1, 1889 ;
twenty-eight were committed, and twenty-nine discharged,
during the year, leaving an empty jail, April 1, 1890. There
have been no escapes during the last two j^ears. The sheriff
said that no improvements were needed. The count^^ pay.s fifty
cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting,
for the 3^ear ending April 1, 1890, was f367.25, for repairs
f 71.50, and for other jail expenses 170.15.
Jersey -.—Inspected June 2, 1890.
This jail was found to be clean, well lighted, and with excel-
lent ventilation. It is heated comfortably by steam, and the
water supply is from an artesian well. There was one prisoner
present, awaiting trial. Five prisoners were present, April 1,
1889. Twenty-two were committed and twenty-four discharged,
during the year; three remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The
county allows forty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The
amount paid for dieting for the vear ending September 1,
1890, was 1237.75, and for other jail expenses 1115.86. No
improvements are needed. There have been no escapes since
last visit.
JoDaviess :— InspecteJ August 9, 1890.
Since last visit to this jail, wire screens have been placed on
the north windows, the iron-work of the cage and cells has been
painted, a ladder fire-escape has been placed on the east side,
water-pipes connecting with the water-works of the city, have
been placed in position, and an abundance of water is now at
command for flushing water-closets, bathing, and other pur-
206
poses. The jail proper is said to be fire-proof. It is heated
comfortably during the most severe weather by a furnace. The
light is excellent, and the ventilation is unsurpassed. There
were three prisoners present; one awaiting trial, and two serv-
ing sentence. Two were present, April 1, 1889; twenty-nine
were admitted, and the same number discharged, during the
year; two were in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty
cents a day for boarding prisoners. The amount paid for diet-
ing, for the year ending March 1, 1890, was $1,027, for repairs
and improvements f34i.2o, and for other jail expenses .f (390.45.
No improvements are needed. No escapes are reported from the
jail. One prisoner escaped from the custody of the sheriff. He
was placed in a room adjoining the county clerk's office, which
was supposed to be locked, and, opening the door, went his
way. No effort was made to recapture him, as he was charged
with a minor offense.
J ORHiHON —Inspected May 0, 1890.
This jail Avas found to be in good condition. It has good
light and ventilation, and is w'ell heated by a stove. Water is
supplied from a well. The drain-pipe is too small, and is fre-
quently clogged. There were four male prisoners present, all
awaiting trial. One was present, April 1, 1889; twenty-one
were committed, and twenty discharged, during the year; leav-
ing two present, April 1, 1890. No escapes are reported.
Larger drain-pipe should take the place of that now in use.
The count^^ p^^ys fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The
amount paid for dieting, for the year ending December 1, 1889,
was $194.55, for repairs $61.60, and for other jail expenses $21.
Kane:— Visited July 28, 1890.
On the thirteenth day of last March, the Kane county court-
house and jail were destroyed by fire. There were ten prisoners
in the jail, and the sheriff and his family occupied adjoining
rooms. The occupants were all removed in safety. The prison-
ers were temporarily confined in the Harris House, under guard.
Prisoners are now sent to the jails of DuPage, Kendall, and
DeKalb counties. There were seven at Wheaton, one at York-
ville, and one at Sycamore. Eight of them were awaiting trial,
and one was serving sentence. Fifteen prisoners were present,
April 1, 1889; uinet^'-eight were committed, one hundred and
three discharged, during the year; and ten prisoners remained
in custody, xVpril 1, 1890. It is proposed to erect a jail and
sheriff's residence, and to complete it by January 1, 1891. An
architect has been employed to draw the 'plans. The building
is to have all of the modern improvements, with provision for
proper classification of prisoners. The cost is estimated at
twenty-five or thirty thousand dollars. The county pays fifty
cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting,
for the year ending December 1, 1889, was $3,706.50, and for
other jail expenses $334.79.
207
Kaiukakek:— Inspected August 18, 1890.
There lias been no ohaiige in the condition of this jail. The
corridors were clean, and the cells were as clean as such dun-
geons can be kept. There is neither light nor ventilation in the
cells. The corridors have fair light, and some fresh air passes
through, when the windows are open. The jail is connected
with the city water-works. It is comfortably heated by stoves.
The drain gives no trouble. There were seven prisoners present;
six awaiting trial, and one serving sentence. Four prisoners
were present, April 1, 1889: forty-four were conmiitted during
the year, and forty-one discharged ; seven remained in jail,
April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding
prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the vear ending
April 30, 1890, was |812.50, and for other jail expenses |()9. 90.
No escapes are reported. This is one of the worst jails in the
state. It has been repeatedly condemned by gi-and juries, and
by every person who ever had anything to do with it. It is
dark and damp, and must cause sickness. No provision has
been made for the imprisonment of females, in accordance with
law. When female prisoners are present, they are locked in the
dungeons, while the men occupy the corridors; and when they
have the use of the corridors, the men are locked in the dun-
geons. The county has purchased a lot for a jail, and there is
a faint prospect that a new jail may be erected before the pres-
ent century has passed away.
KenbaIjIj:— Inspected August 14, 1890.
This jail and that in Douglas county are much alike in con-
struction, and might be called twins. Both may be classed
with the meanest jails in the state. This jail has not been im-
proved in any way. It was found to be clean. Nothing can be
seen in the cells without the aid of artificial light. They are
dungeons, with neither light nor air. There were two prisoners
present, awaiting trial. One prisoner was present, April 1,
1889; eight were committed, and nine discharged, during the
year; the jail was empty, April 1, 1890. The county pays sixty
cents a day for boarding prisoners. The cost to the county for
dieting, for the year ending April 1, 1890, was 1587.40, and
for other jail expenses |29.65. The jail is comfortably heated
by a stove. No escapes are reported. This old hole in the
ground should be abandoned, and a jail erected above the sur-
face. A cellar may be desirable for some purposes, but it is not
fit to lock human beings in.
K^ox:— Inspected June 30, 1890.
This jail was found in its usual excellent condition. It was
clean. The light and ventilation in the cells are generally good.
The lower cells on the north side are rather dark, and the venti-
lation not so good as elsewhere. The jail is heated by steam,
and has city water. The water-closets are flushed and the drain
performs its oflice. There were four prisoners present. One was
208
waitino- trial, one was serving sentenr-e, and two had been ad-
judged insane, and were awaiting admission to a hospital.
Eight prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; eighty-eight were
committed, and eighty-seven discharged during the year; nine
remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays thirty-five
cents a day for boarding prisoners. The amount paid for diet-
ing, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was .fl,620.10, for
repairs $453.55, and for other jail expenses fl,029.01. There
has been no change in the construction of this jail, since last
visit. No religious services are held. The sheriff stated that
most of the attempts to escape have been made while such
services were being held. There have been no escapes, since last
visit. The jail is in good repair, and no improvements are
needed.
Lake : — Inspected July 25, 1890.
Since last visit to this jail, a steel cage has been placed
around the entrance door, for the protection of the jailor, and
the walls nex:t to the cells have been sheathed with steel plate.
The jail was found to be clean. The corridor and cells were so
dark that little can be seen without the aid of artificial light.
The ventilation is not good. There is no drainage and the
prisoners use buckets. The jail is comfortably heated by a
stove. There were four prisoners present, all awaiting trial.
Six prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; one hundred and
thirty-eight were committed, and one hundred and thirty-five
discharged, during the year; nine remained in jail, April 1,
1890. The county pa^^s fifty cents a day for boarding pris-
oners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending July
1, 1890, was |1,348, for improvements |248.39, and for other
jail expenses $301.46. No religious services are held in the
jail. One prisoner escaped, since last visit, by picking a lock.
This jail is as comfortable as it is possible to make a basement
jail, but it is not all that humanity would dictate. Prisoners
have the right to enjoy the light of day, to have pure air to
breathe, and to live and sleep where health is not endangered.
LaSalle: — Inspected An gust 12, 1890.
No improvement has taken place in this jail, except painting
and plumbing. Its condition as to general cleanliness was good.
It is heated comfortably by steam. The light is good. The
ventilation is also good, when the windows are open, but when
they are closed the patent ventilation is a failure. There are
connections with the city water-works on each fioor. The sewer
gives no trouble. There were twenty -two prisoners present;
sixteen males and six females. Thirteen were awaiting trial,
and six were serving sentence. Thirteen piisoners were present,
April 1, 1889; one hundred and fifty-three were committed, and
one hundred and forty-one discharged, during the year; twenty-
five were in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty cents a
day for boarding prisoners. The cost for dieting for the year.
209
endino: September 1, 1889, was |3,G81.50, for repairs $53.16,
aud for other, jail expenses $848. 69. The ventilation of this jail
should have attention. No escapes are reported. No regular
jail register is kept. The fi<>-ures obtained relating to the dis-
charge of prisoners are, in part, from the memory of a small
boy, who stays at the jail, and partl}^ from the jailor's accounts
for boarding prisoners; and they may be far from accurate.
I^awrence: — Inspected May 16, 1890.
There has been no change in this jail. It was as clean and
in as good order as such a jail can be made. It is well lighted,
and has good ventilation. It is heated by a stove placed in
the corridor. Water is supplied fi-om a well. There were five
prisoners present, awaiting trial. Five prisoners were present,
April 1, 1889; sixteen were committed, and seventeen dis-
charged, during the year; four remained, April 1, 1890. This
jail is insecure. Three prisoners escaped, with help from the
outside, since last visit. Two were recaptured. When prisoners
who are charged with crime are incarcerated, guards are em-
ployed. A new jail is a necessity. The county pays fifty cents
a day for boarding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for
the yeai- ending November 30, 1889, was f707.14, for repairs
$210.85, and for other jail expenses $587.71.
IjKW— Inspected July 29, 1890.
Since last visit to this jail, nine prisoners made their escape
through the wall near the entran(,'e. Six of them were recap-
tured. After the escape, the wall near the door was sheathed
with iron and steel plate. The jail is in excellent condition. The
floors and walls of the cells and corridors were clean. It is well
ventilated, and the light is good. It is comfortably heated in
cold weather. The water-supply is from the city water-works.
There were four prisoners present; two males and two females.
All were serving sentence. Seven prisoners were present, April 1,
1889; one hundred and three were committed, and one hundred
and eight discharged, during the year; leaving two present,
April 1, 1890. The county pays forty cents a day for feeding
prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the vear ending
D.-cember 31, 1889, was $1,162.40, for repairs $512.19, and for
other jail expenses $60().39. Religious services are sometimes
held. A new roof is needed.
lAyiSG^TO^:— Inspected August 19, 1890.
There were eight prisoners present; seven males and one fe-
male. All were awaiting trial. Five prisoners were present, April
1, 1889; twenty-six were committed, and twenty-three discharged,
during the year; eight were present, April 1, 1890. There have
been no changes in the jail, since last visit. It was found to be
in good condition in regard to cleanliness. The light is good,
but the ventilation poor. It has hose connection with a tank
—14 P. C.
210
of water, for use in cleausing* the jail, and in cane of fire. It is
comfortably heated by stoves. An offensive odor comes into it
through the drain, of which the prisoners complain. The drain
should be provided with a trap, to shut out this foul air. Re-
ligious servi(?es are some times held. No escapes are reported.
The count^^ pays fifty cents a day for feed prisoners. The cost
of dieting, for the ,year ending February 1, 1890, was |341.50,
for repairs .f33.47, and for other jail expenses 133.47.
Logan: — Inspected June 19, 1 890.
Since last visit to this jail, a prisoner fell from the landing of
the upper tier of (^ells and was fatally' injured. An iron railing
has since been pli^ced along the landing, on each side of the cells.
The jail was newl}^ whitewashed and as clean as possible. It is
comfortably heated by steam, and has connections with the
city water-works. The drain works satisfactorily. T'he light
and ventilation are poor, especially in the lower cells: The win-
dows are so small, and placed so high, that very little fresh air
passes into the jail, and that little does not affect the stagnant
air where the prisoners are. There were sixteen prisoners pres-
ent, awaiting trial. Three prisoners were present, April 1, 1889;
one hundred and eight were committed, one hundred and two
discharged, and one died from a fall, during the 3^ear; eight re-
mained in jail, iipril 1, 1^90. The county allows fifty cents a
day for feeding prisoners. The cost for dieting, for the year
ending June 1, 1890, was 1936.20, for repairs |196.40, and for
all othei" jail expenses f 131.00. Rehgious services are held oc-
casionally. Since last visit, three prisoners made their escape
by cutting an iron staple at the door, but one of them was re-
captured. Some effort should be made to impi-ove the light and
ventilation.
Macon: — Inspected May 19, 1890.
This jail was found to be clean, and well lighted and venti-
lated in the corridors. The cells are poorly lighted, and the
ventilation not so good as it should be. It is comfortably
heated by steam. The drain has not been so troublesome as
stated at previous visits. It is frequently flushed with water
from the city w^ater-works. There were nineteen prisoners pres-
ent; eighteen males and one female. Fifteen were awaiting trial,
and four were serving sentence. Twenty-one were present, April
1, 1889; two hundred and fifteen were committed, and two hun-
dred and twenty dischai-ged, during the year; sixteen remained
in jail, April 1, 1890. One prisoner escaped from the debtors'
cell, since last visit. The county pays thirty-five cents a day for
feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year
ending November 30, 1889, w^as 13,414.67, for repairs $114.33,
and for other jail expenses f 544.17. Better ventilation is needed
in this prison.
211
Macoupin: — Inspected May 23, 1890.
There has been no change since last visit. The jail appeared
to be dirty, and the walls in the corridors and cells need white-
washing. The light and ventilation are bad, especially in the
cells, where nothing can be seen, without the aid of artificial
light. The jail is well heated by a stove. There is a drain, but
buckets are used. There were five prisoners present, awaiting
trial. Seven were present, April 1, 1889; forty-nine were com-
mitted, and forty-nine discharged, during the year; seven re-
main9d in jail, April 1. 1890. The keeper said that reliarious
services, which were formerly held in the jail, had been discon-
tinued. Members of the Salvation Army visited the jail at
times, and the uproar was so great, that it was concluded not
to admit them any more. Since last visit, five prisonei-s escaped
through the wall. They used an iron bar, taken from the lever
that closes the cell-doors, and broke a stone out of the wall.
One of the prisoners returned, of his own volition.- The county
pays fifty cents a day for feeding pi-isoners. The amount paid
for dieting, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was |853,
for repairs, $213.70', and for other jail expenses |297.95. The
present jail is uncomfortable, insecure, and no honor to the
county. A new jail should be erected, with modern appliances.
Madison -.—Inspected May 9, 1890.
This jail was found in good condition. The floors were damp,
and not clean. The light and ventilation were good on the
south side, but poor on the north side and in the cell for fe-
males. The jail is heated by a furnace, but the prisoners com-
plain of the cold, when the weather is severe. The drain is in
good order. The water supply is from a well. There were
nine prisoners present; eight males and one female. Seven of
them wei-e awaiting trial, and two were serving sentence. Thir-
teen prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; sixty-seven were
committed, and sixty-five dischai-ged, during the year; leaving
fifteen present, Api-il 1. 1890. The county pays thirty-five cents
a day for feeding pi-isoners. The amount paid for dieting, for
the yea.r ending September 1, 1889, Avas $1,533.55, for repairs
$124. 8G, and for other jail expenses $124.95. There have been
no escapes, since last visit. A new floor is needed on the land-
ing of the second tier of cells.
M.AU\o^:— Inspected May 13, 1890.
This jail was found in excellent condition. It is well lighted,
has good ventilation, and its condition as to cleanliness was
good. It is comfortably heated by a stove. The drainage is
good; the water-supply is from a cistern. There were three
prisoners piesent, awaiting trial The number of prisoners
present, April 1, 1889, was six; twenty-seven were admitted,
and thirty -two weri* discharged, during the year, leaving
one prisoner in jail, April 1, 1890. There have been . no
escapes, since last visit. The iron work needs repainting. The
212
MarshaIj]^:— Inspected August 22, 18dO.
There has been no change in this jail. It was found to be iu
cleanly condition. The light, which passes through perforated
iron plates at the windows, is almost worse than none. The
cells were so dark, that little could be seen without the aid of
artificial light. The ventilation is bad. The jail is damp, and
the floors are never perfectly dry. It is heated comfortably by
stoves. There is no drain, and an offensive odor comes into
the jail from the cess-pool. The water-supply is from two cis-
terns. There were two prisoners present, both awaiting trial.
One of them was under sixteen years of age, and was a can-
didate for the reform school, with strong probabilities of an
election. Four prisoners were present. April 1, 1889; thirty-six
prisoners were committed during the year, and forty discharged ;
leaving an empty jail, April 1, 1890. Of the number committed
and discharged, about twenty-five were city prisoners, commit-
ted for petty offenses. The sheriff receives fifty cents a day for
feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year
ending September 1, 1890, was .f 133. SO, for repairs f 19.10,
and for other jail expenses 166.09. No escapes were reported.
The use of this jail should be abandoned. It is not a fit place
in which to confine human beings. The county authorities
should erect a modern jail.
Mason: — Inspected Maj 27, 1890.
This jail is in about the same condition as last reported.
Grand juries have condemned it. for the last twenty years. The
walls have been ready to fall for years past, but a collapse has
been prevented by irou rods which pass through timbers placed
perpendicularly on the outside, and through the building. The
floors are still sinking. It is becoming more unsafe every day.
The floors were found to be clean, and the walls newly Avhite-
washed. The jail is heated by a stove. There is neither light
nor ventilation in the cells. There were two prisoners present;
one was awaiting tiial, and one was insane and awaiting ad-
mission to a hospital. Four prisoners were present, April 1,
1889; twenty-eight were committed, and thirty-two discharged,
during the year; leaving the jail empty April 1, 18- 0. This
county treats its unfortunate insane in the same manner as it
treats its crinnnals. Five insane were incarcerated in this hole
of torture, during the past year; and one prisoner who had
been adjudged insane was present at the time of this visit.
Words can not express the worthlessness of this county bastile,
and some day the county authorities will ha.ve to answer for
their inhumanity in having the insane and criminals confined
in such an abominable place. The county pays the sheriff fifty
218
cents a day for feedinu" pi-isoners. The cost for dieting-, for the
year eudin'o- January 1, 1890, was 1894.60. for repairs f 120.70,
and for other jail expenses .f53.40. The sheriff resides in the
lower part of the jail. He stated that he thought that it was
his dnty to live thei-e, but it was at the peril of the lives of
himself and family. The county authorities should be com-
pelled to live there, until they conclude to ei-ect a decent jail.
M\iiH.w.—Infipecte«J May 2. 1890.
This is one of the j)Oor jails. It is regarded as sei-ure, but it
is old style, and when erected comfort and convenience were
disregarded. The floors were moderately clean. The light and
ventilation should be improved. The jail is well heated by a
stove, placed in the center of the cage. The water used is from
a well. There were five prisoners present: four men and one
woman, three of the ]irisoners were awaiting trial, and two
were awaiting removal to the penitentiaiy. Three prisoners
were present, April 1. 1889: thirty-five were committed, and
thii-ty-three discharged, during the year; five remained in jail.
April 1, 1890. Since last visit, two prisoners effected their es-
cape through the stove-pipe hole to the upper room, and out
through an unlocked door. A new jail should be provided. A
vote was taken, since last visit, but the people decided that the
expenditure for a new jail should not be made. The county
allows fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid
for dieting, for the year ending Sejjtember 30, 1889. was f8G9.
for repairs i|6.2o, and for other jail expenses $9.70.
McDoNouGH :— Inspect efl June 27. 1890.
Since last visit to this jail tlie ceiling of the jailor's corridor,
the weakest part of the jail, has been sheathed with iron. This
jail is always found clean and in good order. The light and
ventilation are good. It is heated comfortably by a furnace.
The water supply is from a tank in the attic. The water-closet
drain works satisfactorih'. There were two prisoners jn-esent;
one awaiting trial, and one serving sentence. Six jnisonei-s
were pi-esent, April 1, 1889: forty-one were committed, and
forty-four discharged, during the year: three remained in jail,
April 1, 1890. The keeper is allowed sixty-five cents a day for
feeding each prisoner. The amount paid for dieting, for the
year ending June 1, 1890, was |()G6.95, for repairs 1287.72,
and for other jail expenses $852.55. No religious services are
held in the jail. Since the last visit, three prisoners made their
escape through the ceiling of the jailor's corridor, the part
named in the last report as a weak spot; but all of them were
recaptured.
McKeisry:— Inspected Aiisjiust 5. 1890.
In the last report of the inspection of this jail, it was stated
that "A larger tank for the storage of water should be pro-
vided. The water supply is too small for flushing the water-
214
closet and sewer, and the odor from the sewer comes up into
the jail.*' Since tlieu a lar^e well has been constructed, which
affords an abundance of water, for all purposes; a steam-pump
has been purchased and placed in a bnilding- erected for the
purjjose; and an additional tank has been placed in the attic,
for the storag'e of water. The water-closets are well flushed,
the drain works well, and no odor comes into the jail from the
sewer. The jail has hose, connected with the tanks, for use in
case of fire. The light and ventilation are all that could be
desiied. The jail is heated by a furnace. There were no pri-
soners present. Two prisoners were present, April 1, 1889;
fourteen were committed, and fifteen discharged during the
year; one remained in jail, April 1. 1890. The county pays
fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for
dieting, for the year ending April 1. 1890, was f706.50, and
for other jail expenses $98.36. This jail retains the appearance
of a new prison. The floors of the prisoners' corridors were
newly painted, and the floors of the jailor's corridor and the hall
were clean and spotless. There have been no escapes since last
visit. No improvements are needed. This jail is in some re-
spects a model. For cleanliness and neatness it cannot be sur-
passed. The grounds are neatly kept in lawn and flower-beds.
The jail, with its appliances, is one of which the keeper and the
county ma^^ well be proud.
McJ^EAN :—Iiisppctecl .July 5, 1890.
This jail was found to be in its usual excellent condition. It
is clean, and well lighted and ventilated. It is heated by steam.
Water is furnished by the city. The water-closet and drain were
fiee from any offensive odor and seem to act satisfactorily.
There were twenty-three prisoners present; twenty males and
three females. Eight of them were awaiting trial, and fifteen
were serving sentence. One of the female prisoners was under
sixteen years of age. Twenty-two prisoners were present, April
I, 1889; two huiidred and five were committed, and one hun-
dred and ninety-eight discharged, during the year; twenty-nine
remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays forty cents a
day for feeding each prisoner. The amount paid for dieting for
the year ending June 1, 1890, was |3, 267.09, for repairs
$588.41, and for other jail expenses $2,653.38. This jail is an
excellent jail in all respects. There have been no escapes. The
iron-work and walls need repainting.
W^^xuj):— Inspected May 26, 1890.
This jail is in about the same condition as at the previous
visit. It was clean and generally in good condition. The upper
cells have fair light and ventilation, but nothing can be seen in
the lower cells without artificial light, and they have no venti-
lation. It is heated comfortably b}' a furnace. The drain is
flushed from the city water-works. There were four prisoners
present, all awaiting trial. One was present, April 1, 1889;
215
twelve were committed, and ten disoharj2;ed, during- the year;
three remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The Kheriff stated that
the present piisoners are desperate characters, and are con-
stantly trying- to break jail; that they have received tools from
the outside, and that it is necessary to have the prison guarded,
day and night. No escapes are reported. The jail is insecure,
and though the weak places are strengthened, it is not long
until the prisoners find other weak spots. The only remedy is
to remove the stone cells and substitute steel cells and corri-
dors, so that prisoners can not have access to the stone walls.
The keeper receives fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
amount paid for dieting, for the year ending June 1, 1890, was
f 178.75, for repairs f56.65, and for other expenses |14.
Mercek: — Inspected July 2, 1890.
There has been no change in this jail. It was found in good
condition and clean. The light and ventilation are good, in the
iron cells. The stone cells are not used. The jail is heated by
stoves, but not perfectly. It has not yet been connected with
the city Avater-works. The drain gives no trouble. There
were two prisoners present, both awaiting trial. Two prisoners
were present, April 1, 1889; twenty-eight were conmiitted, and
twenty-seven discharged, during the year; three remained in
jail, April 1, 1890. There have been no escapes, since last visit.
The county pays fifty cents a day for boarding prisoners. The
cost of dieting for the year ending July 1, 1»90, was $221.75,
for repairs -136.79, and for all other jail expenses $124.06.
City water should be introduced, and a better way of heating
should be adopted.
Monroe -.—Inspected April 22, 1890.
This jail is always found in excellent condition. "Cleanliness
and neatness'' seems to be its motto. It is well lighted and
heated, and the ventilation cannot be surpassed. It is heated
by a furnace, and is supplied with water from a tank, from a
well, and from two cisterns. There were three male prisoners
present; two aAvaiting trial, and one serving sentence. Three
prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; nine were committed, and
ten discharged, during the year; two remained, April 1, 1890.
There have been no escapes. No improvements are needed.
Sixty cents per diem is paid for feeding prisoners. The amount
paid for dieting, during the year ending September 1, 1889.
was |319.9(), for repairs |ll6.76, and for other jail expenses
132.07. • "
Montgomery -.—Inspected May L2, 1890.
Since last visit, water-pipes have been placed and city water
introduced into the jail, and a drain has been constructed. The
water-closets, however, are not connected, and buckets are still
in use. The light and ventilation are unsurpassed. It is com-
fortably heated by a stove. There were four prisoners present;
two awaiting trial, and two serving sentence. Seven prisoners
216
were present, April 1, 1889; fifty-two were committed, and fifty-
four discharged, during the year; five remained, April 1, 18. 0.
The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding pi-isoners. The
cost of dieting, for "the year ending September 1, 18^9, was
f 892. 60, and for other jail expenses $ 9.93. There have been
no escapes from this jail, since last visit. One prisoner, who
was allowed outside, walked away. No improvements are
needed, except the connection of the water-closets with water
and with the sewer.
Morgan : — Inspected June 6, 1890.
This jail was found in good condition and clean. Kerosene
oil had been applied to the iron floor to prevent its rusting. The
light and ventilation were excellent, except in the cells. The
jail is comfortably heated by a stove. Q\\>j water is supplied ;
the bath-tubs are used, and the water-closets are flushed.
There were three prisoners present: one awaiting trial, and two
serving sentence. Five prisoners were present, April 1, 1889;
ninety-flve were committed, and the same number discharged,
during the year; five remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The
keeper receives fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The cost
of dieting, for the year ending September 1 , 1889, was |2,447.15,
and for other jailexpenses f 664. 07. Religious services are held
every Sunday. There have been no escapes, since last visit.
The iron- work of the jail needs repainting. The proposition to
erect a new jail was voted upon by the people of the county
and defeated, so that the prospect of a new jail is not very
flattering.
Moultrie : — Inspected June 10, 1890.
There has been no change in this jail. The corridors and
cells were clean, except the cell used as a \vater-closet, which was
dirty and threw out a bad odor. The light and ventilation in
the corridor were excellent, but the cells might be much im-
proved in both respects. The jail is comfortably heated by a
furnace, placed on the floor below. There were three prisoners
present: two of them awaiting trial, and one serving sentence.
Three prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; twenty-four were
committed, and twenty-four discharged, during the year; three
remained in jail, April 1, 1^90. The county pays sixty-five
cents a day for boarding prisoners. The cost of dieting, for the
year ending December 1, 1889, Avas |843.70, and for other jail
expenses .f 16.50. There have been no escapes since last visit.
The light and ventilation might be much improved in the cells-
at a small cost.
Ogi.^:— Inspected July 30, 1890.
This jail is always clean and in good repair. It has not been
painted for more than two years, yet it has the appearance of
a new jail. It is well lighted, has good ventilation, and is com-
fortably heated by a furnace. It has hosp and other connections-
217
with the city water-works. The drainajre is good. There were
three prisoners present; two awaiting trial, and one serving sen-
tence. Five prisoners were present, April 1. 1889; twenty-three
were committed, and twenty-six discharged, during the year;
two remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty cents
a day for board of prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for
the year ending May 1, 1890. was |550, for repairs |50.94, and
for other jail ex])enses .f 774.28. Religious services are not held,
the number of prisoners being generally too small for such meet-
ings. There have been no escapes. One prisoner, who was trusted
outside, took a walk for exercise, and has not returned. The
jail needs no improvements. A new court-house, of brick and
stone, was in course of erection, at the time of this visit. It is
to have all modern improvements and appliances, fire-proof
vaults, etc., and is estimated to cost about eighty thousand
dollars.
Feoria:— Inspected June 23, 1890.
This jail was found to be in its usual good condition. There
has been no change or improvement, since last visit. The light
is not good, coming, as it does, through the perforated boiler-
plate. The lower cells were dark. All of the cells need better ven-
tilation. The jail is said to be fire-proof. It is heated comfor-
tably by steam, and has connections with the city water-woi-ks.
The drain is imperfect, causes trouble, and throws out an offen-
sive odor. There were twenty-two prisoners present; twenty
awaiting trial, and two serving sentence Twelve prisoners were
present, April 1, 1889; one hundred and ninety-seven were com-
mitted, and one hundred and ninety-eight discharged, during the
year ; eleven remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty
cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting,
for the year ending December 1, 1889, was .18,878.50, for re-
pairs 1197.98, and for other jail expenses |1 ,12(3.77. There
have been no escapes. Religious services are held, every Sunday.
No improvements are needed, except in the light and ventilation.
Peoria City ^YouKHOl>fi.K.—fnspected June 23, 1890.
The buildings of this institution were found in good repair.
Cleanliness and neatness are a part of tiie daily orders. The
buildings are heated comfortably by steam. The light in the
cell-houses is good. The ventilation might be improved. The
upper tier of cells, which are of wood, are still a bi'eeding-plaee
for the bed-pest. The joints of the boai-ds are filled with bugs,
which, as they multiply, will soon stock Ihe whoh^ institution.
There were thii'ty-nine prisoners present; thirty-five males and
four females. The numbei- present Apiil 1, 1889, was sixty-four.
The number committed was four hundred and el(?ven, and the
number discharged four hundred and twenty-seven; leaving forty-
eia:ht prisoners present, April 1, 1890. The prisoners are em-
ployed during the winter in making brooms, and dui'ing the
summer in making brick. Ready sale is found foi- all the pro
218
duets of the institution. There is some probabilit}^ that the city
will dispose of the present plant, and purchase land where clay
suitable for paving-brick can be had. In that case the institu-
tion will liave all that it can do, in the manufacture of paving-
brick for the city. Ten prisonei's, who were ti'usted outside with
teams, etc., left without leave. Religious services are held, everv
Sunday, by the W. C. T. U., or by the Y. M. C. A. The insti-
tution is in charge of Mr. Vincent M. Lincoln. Mr. Joseph
Broad well will take charge, July 1, 1890. The expenses of the
institution, for the year ending December 31, 1889, were f 12,-
940.02.
Perry:— Inspected Apiil 23, 1890.
This jail was found to be in good condition in regard to clean-
liness. It is heated by stoves, and has good light and ventilation.
The water-supply, which is from a cistern, is conveyed to a tank by
a force-pump, and the waste water is carried through a drain
to the rear end of the lot. No prisonei-s were present, at the
time of this visit. Four prisoners were present, April 1, 1889;
forty-two weie committed, and foity-six discharged, during the
year; leaving an empty jail, April 1, 18-. 0. Since last visit, four
prisoners effected their escape by cutting the iron gi-ating of the
cage and passing thi*ough the outside door, when it was opened
by the keeper. No improvements are needed. The county pays
forty cents per diem for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for
dieting, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was $477.05,
for repairs |150, and for other jail expenses f 100.
Piatt: — Inspected June 13, 1890.
Since last visit, the corridor has lieen lined with boiler iron.
The jail was found to be well cleaned. The light and ventilation
in the cells are poor, and the light and ventilation in the cor-
ridor should be improved. It is comfortably heated by a stove.
City water is used, and the water-closets flushed. The drain re-
mains unclogged. There was only one prisoner present, who was
serving sentence. One prisoner was present, April 1, 1889;
thirty -three were commited, and thirty discharged, during the
year; four remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays
sixty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The amount paicl for
dieting, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was |369.10,
and for all other jail expenses f484.30. This jail is a very un-
comfortable place in hot weather. The light and ventilation
might be much improved, by enlarging the windows. Religious
services are held occasionally. There have been no escapes,
■since last visit.
Pike: — Inspected June 5, 1890.
This jail was found in excellent condition in regard to clean-
liness. The light is good, but the ventilation poor. It is com-
fortably heated b}^ stoves. It did not have one prisoner at the
time of this visit. Two quiet insane men make the jail their
219
home, but are not locked up. Seveu prisoners were present, April
1, 1890; eighty-five were committed, and eighty-nine discharged,
during the year; three remained in jail, Api-il 1, 1890. There
ha.ve been no escapes, during the last two years. Since last
visit, water-works have been constructed in the city of Pitts-
field, but connections have not yet been made with the jail. It
is expected that such connections will be made, and a drain
constructed, in the near future, which will be a great improve-
ment, for the water-closets can then be flushed and the present
offensive odor will become a thing of the past. The county pays
thirty-five and two-fifths cents a day for feeding prisonei's. The
cost of dieting, for the vear ending Mav 1, 1890, was |1,549.94,
for repairs f22.20, and'for other jail expenses fl38.85.
Fofe:— Inspected Mciy 1, 1890.
This jail still remains a monument of the stupidity and inhu-
manity of the county authorities. It must have been erected
with the thought that prisoners, whether guilty or innocent,
can not be punished too severely. It is of brick, with narrow
openings in the walls, supposed to be intended for light and
ventilation. If that was the intention, the facts prove it to be
a failure, as there is neither light nor ventilation worthy of the
name. If it had been the intention of the builders to make this
jail a place of torture, they have succeeded. It is not provided
with heating-apparatus of any kind, and in severe weather
prisoners have to go to bed or freeze. During the heat of the
summer, the prisoners strip themselves, in order to be as cool
as possible, in this man-killing hole. It is passing strange
that the county authorities, who are regarded as men of intel-
ligence and humanity, should so far forget their duties, as to
permit the use of this pen as a jail. Many an unfortunate man,
perhaps as innocent of crime as any of the county officials, has
been tortured in this vile den ; sweltering in summer, and freez-
ing in winter. If the authorities were each compelled to serve
a thirty day sentence in this jail, the^'^ n)ight be convinced that
it is inhuman to confine prisoners in such a place as this,
whether innocent or guilt3^ Even the guilty have the right to
kind and humane treatment. The jail was found as clean as
such a place can be kept. There were two male prisoners pres-
ent; one of them awaiting trial, and the other serving sentence.
Four prisoners were present, Api-il 1, 1889; twenty-five were
committed, and twenty-seven discharged, during the year; leav-
ing two present, Ayjril 1, 1890. The amount paid per day for
dieting prisoners is fifty cents. The cost of dieting, for the
vear ending Se])tember 1. 1889, was 224.05, and for other jail
expenses |233.88.
FvhASKi:— Inspected May 3, 1890.
This jail has excellent ventilation, and good light. There
were two prisoners present, awaiting trial : but, as they are
charged with trivial offenses, they were allowed the use of the
220
corridor on the outside of the cage. One prisoner was prenent^^
April 1, 1889; thirty-six were committed, and thirty-ftve dis-
charged, during the year ; leavingtwo present, awaitingtrial, April
1, 1890. The jail register has disappeared, and no record of the
commitment and discharge of prisoners has been kept, for more than
a year. The information given above was obtained by consult-
ing the sheriff's bills for boarding i)risoners. There have been
no escapes. One prisonei' was trusted outside, and, not liking
the neighborhood, he walked away. The entrance to the cage
is an opening about two feet square. The sheriff complains
about the inconvenience and danger of this small opening, for
an officer, when entering, is obliged to stoop; this places hini
at a disadvantage, and at the mercy of the piisoner. The mat-
ter can be easily remedied by cutting out the bars and placing
a door above the present one. The county pays forty cents a
day for feeding prisoners. The cost of dieting, for the year end-
ing September 1, 889, was |282.10, and the amount paid for
other jail expenses was f32.10.
Putnam : — Inspected August 13, 1890.
This jail was found to be clean and in as good order as such
a jail can be kept. It is so dark and dungeon-like, that nothing
can be seen without the aid of artificial light. The ventilation
is bad. It is well heated by a stove. No change has been made
in the construction. There were no prisoners present. Two
prisoners were present, April 1, 1890; four were committed, and
six discharged, during the year; one was present, April 1, 1890.
The county pays sixty-five cents a day for feeding prisoners.
The cost for dieting, for the year ending September 1, 1889,
was 1277.10, and for other jail expenses |81.15. This county
has but very little use for a jail, except it be as a terror for
evil-doers. It is a mystery how human beings can live in such
a place, during hot weather; and those who survive breathing
the air of this dungeon, do not remain long without becoming
sick. The authoiities speak of the erection of a new jail, but
not before a county debt of fifteen thousand dollars has been
paid. One prisoner, who would weigh about one hundred and
sixty pounds, escaped through the opening in the door, through
which food is passed, which measures S% inches by 11^ inches.
He was recaptured. A jail with a lai'ge key-hole would be in-
secure for such characters.
Randoi.i^h: — Inspected April 23, 1890.
Nothing new can be said about this jail. No change has tak-
en place, since last visit. Its condition as to cleanliness was
good, and a recent whitewashing has improved its a])pearance.
In its construction, it seems to have been the intention to ex-
clude light and air. It is heated by stoves, and the water-
supply is from a cistern. It was empty at the time of this visit.
Three prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; twenty-seven were
committed, and thirty discharged during the year; leaving none
221
present, April 1, 1^90. Two escaped, last year, 1)3^ breaking
the binge on tbe door. Humanity would dictate tbat tbe use
of tbis jail sbould be discontinued, and a new one erected, tbat
would not be a torture to the inmates.
RivnL,A^i):— Inspected May IQ, 1890.
This disgraceful jail is still in use. There is no change, except
that it is becoming more worthless. It is difficult to keep it
clean and in order, but it might be much improved in both re-
spects by a little effort. The light and ventilation in the cor-
ridors are fair, but the cells are dark and without ventilation.
The jail is heated by a stove, and the water supply is from a
ciste]-n. The drain is stopped np at times, and most of the
time an offensive odor pervades the prison. Tliere were five
prisoners present, all awaiting trial. Seven prisoners were pres-
ent, April 1, 1889; twenty-five were committed, and thirty- two
discharged, 'during the year, leaving the jail empty, April 1,
1890. Prisoners when in the corridor do not find it difficult to
escape. Several have escaped through the brick wall, but were
recaptured. A guard is constantly on duty. It is inhuman to
confine prisoners here. It is insecure, and the expense of keep-
ing guards amounts to as much as the interest on a good jail.
The county pays sixty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
amount paid for dieting, for the year ending September 1, 1889,
wa8 f 1,167.40, for repairs $38.40, and for other jail expenses
$426.90. The jail register was not written up.
Rock Island : — Inspected July 2, 1890.
This jail was found to be clean and in fair condition. The
light and ventilation are good, except in tlie corridor and cells
on the east side. It is comfortably heated by steam, and has
€onnections with the city water-works. The drain works well.
There were twelve prisoners present; four awaiting trial, and
eight serving sentence. Thirteen prisoners were present, April
1, 1889; one hundred and eighty-six were committed, and one
hundred and eighty -four discharged, during the year ; fifteen re-
mained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pays fifty cents a
day for feeding prisoners. The cost for dieting, for the year
ending September 1, 1889. was $2,649.41, for rei)airs $125.85,
and for all other expenses $262.42. No religious services are
held. There have been no escapes. The keeper states that no
improvements are needed.
Saline: — Inspected May 5, 1890.
The condition of this jail is bad, and it seems to get worse
as the time passes. The darkness is so dense that little can be
seen without the aid of artificial light, and there is no ventila-
tion. It is well heated, and the water supply is from a cistern.
It was found to be moderately clean. The wooden cells on the
east side are no longer used for prisoners. There was one male
prisoner present, awaiting trial. One prisoner was present,
222
April 1, 1889; eighteen were committed, aud the same number
discharged, during the year, leaving one present, April 1, 1890.
The county pays seventy-five cents a day for feeding prisoners.
The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending September 1.
1889, was IG47.20, for repairs $13.60, and for other jail ex-
penses $70.50. There have been no escapes since last visit. A
new jail is badly needed, but the county is so much in debt
that the erection of one can not be expected for years to come.
Sangamon : — Inspected June 16, 1890.
This jail was found in its usual excellent condition. It was
clean and tidy. The light and ventilation wei-e good, in every
department. Since the date of last inspection the wooden cells
in the old building have been removed, and a cage of iron bars,
30x60 feet, has been erected, which contains three iron grated
cells for female prisoners, and one cell especialh' constructed for
the insane. This is a good improvement. The female prisoners
now have good light and plenty of ventilation, and can sleep
without being tormented by bed-bugs. This jail is comfortably
heated by steam, and it has connections with the city water-
works in each corridor. There were twenty-eight prisoners pres-
ent, all males. Twenty-two of them were awaiting trial, five
were serving sentence, and one was insane and awaiting admis-
sion to a hospital. Four were under sixteen years of age.
Thirty-seven prisoners were present, April 1, 1889 ; eight hundred
and ninety-nine were committed, and nine hundred discharged,
during the year; thirty-six remained in jail. April 1, 1890.
There was also one United States prisoner present, April 1,
1889; one hundred and twenty -eight United States prisoners
were committed, and one hundred and twenty-two discharged,
during the year; seven United States prisoners were in jail,
April 1, 1890. The United States pays fifty cents a day, and
the county pays thirty cents a daj^ for feeding prisoners. The
cost to the county for dieting, for the year ending March 13,
1890, was -15,563.40, for repairs and improvements $2,356.28,
and for other jail expenses $3,166.68. Religious services are
held every Sunday by the Y. M. C. A. or the W. C. T. U. This
jail is an excellent jail; comfortable, secure, and well conducted.
Schuyler: — Inspected June 25, 1890.
This jail was found to be clean, and, for an old jail, in fair
condition. The light and ventilation were much better than at
former visits. It is comfortably heated by stoves. The drain
has ceased to be offensive. The jail was empty at the time of
this visit, and is frequently so. Two prisoners were present,
April 1, 1889; fourteen were committed, and the same number
discharged, during the year; two remained in jail, April 1, 1890.
The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
cost for dieting, for the year ending March 1, 1890, was
$531.75, and for other jail expenses $78.74. There have been
no escapes. A new jail is needed.
223
^coTT -.—Inspected June 4, 1890.
The jail was found to be clean and in fair condition. The
hght is so poor, that the prisoners can not read, except close
to the window, and this is not always allowed, since prisoners
charged with serious offenses are locked inside of the steel cor-
ridor. The ventilation is not what it should be. The space in-
side of the walls is not large enough, and the windows are too
small, to afford sufficient ventilation. The drainage is good,
and the water-closet not offensive. The jail is heated by a
stove. There weie three prisoners present; two men and one
woman. Two of the prisoners were awaiting trial, and one was
serving sentence. Four prisoners were present, April 1, 1889;
twenty-one were committed, and twenty-two discharged, during
the year; leaving three in jail, April 1,'^1890. Since last visit,
four prisoners made their escape by digging through the floor
and wall, but all were recaptured in a short time. This county
is out of debt and perfectly able to erect a new jail. The pres-
ent quarters of the keeper are unfit for use, and it is cruel to
confine human beings in such an uncomfortably dungeon-like
jail. The county pays seventy-five cents a day for feeding pris-
oners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending No-
vember 30, 1889, was fGlG.oO, for repairs |217.31, and for
other jail expenses $129.07.
Shelby: — Inspected June 9, 1890.
This jail is one of the man-killers. There has been no change.
There is neither light nor ventilation in the cells, and prisoners
complain in warm weather of the heat and want of air and
light. The building has connection with the city water-works,
but there are no water-closets, and buckets are still in use.
Some of the cells were very dirty. There were two prisoners
present; one awaiting trial, and one serving sentence. Six
prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; twenty-six were com-
mitted, and twenty-six discharged, during the year; six were in
jail, April 1, 1890. The keeper receives sixty-five cents a day
for boarding prisoners. The cost of dieting, for the year ending-
June 1, 1890, was 1743.50, for repairs .fl9.40, and for all other
jail expenses fl5G.05. There have been no escapes, since last
visit. The maintenance of such a jail, if not a violation of law,
should be made such. It is inhuman to compel human beings
to remain in it. There has been considerable talk by the county
authorities relating to the erection of a new jail. If talk would
build a jail, Shelby county would have a first-class one, but
castles and jails built in the air cannot be utilized.
Stark -.—Inspected July 4, 1890.
This jail (or den) is still used for the confinement of prisoners.
The coiinty-seat question remains unsettled. The county board
has been a tie, on the question of the erection of a new jail.
There has been no change in the jail. It still remains without
light and ventilation. It is comfortably heated by a stove.
224
There were uo prisoners present. Four prisoners were in jail,
April 1, 1889; fourteen wer^ cominitted, and fifteen discharged,
during- the year; three remained in jail, April 1, 1890. Prisoners
charged with serious offens9s, who are awaiting trial, are sent
to the Peoria county jail. One prisoner belonging to this
county was in the Peoria county jail, at the time of this visit.
One pi'isoner escapad, since last visit, by passing the keeper
when the door was opened; but he was recaptured. The delay
by the county authorities in erecting a new jail is a disgrace to
the county. The present building should not be used. The
county pays sixty-five cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
amount paid for dieting, for the year ending May 1, 1890, was
-fl88.25, for repairs f2.50, and for other jail expenses flO.35.
St. Ci^mu:— Inspected April 21, 1890.
There has been no change in this jail. There were twenty-seven
prisoners present; one of them a colored woman. Nineteen were
awaiting trial, seven were serving sentence, and one is impri-
soned for debt. Twenty-eight prisoners were present, April 1,
1889 ; two hundred and forty-four were committed, and two
hundred and fifty-one were discharged, during the year; twenty-
one were in jail, April 1, 1890. The jail was moderately clean,
and in good condition, and the light and ventilation were good.
It is furnished with city water, heated by steam, and lighted at
night with gas. The water-closets drain into a catch-basin, and
other waste water flows through the gutters of the streets. Re-
ligious services are held occasionally. There have been no es-
capes. The iron-work needs painting. Forty cents a day is paid
for dieting prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year
ending April 1, 1890, was |3,558.31, and for all other jail ex-
penses 11,282.56.
Stephenson: — Inspected August 6, 1890.
There have been no changes in this jail, since last visit. It
was found in its usual excellent condition in regard to cleanli-
ness. It is comfortably heated by steam. It has water-closets
and bath-tubs on each floor, and in the department for women.
The jail is connected with the city water-works. The water-closets
are well flushed, and the sewer works admirably. The light and
ventilation are excellent. There was only one prisoner present;
Wilhelm Wilhelms, who is charged with the murder of Jacob S.
Eeisinger, the late superintendent of the county almshouse. Six
prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; thirty-six were committed,
and forty-one discharged, during the year; one prisoner, who was
serving sentence, remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county
pays sixty-two and a half cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
cost of dietino', for the vear ending September 1, 1889, was
11,343.08, for repairs |200,and for other jail expenses |1,002.51.
No improvements are needed, and no escapes are reported.
225
Tazewell: — Inspected July 5, 1890.
This jail remains a disgrace to Tazewell county. Grand juries
have repeatedly condemned it. The state board of health, after
an examination by their secretary, say in their report: "Diar-
rhoeas and low continued fevers prevail among the prisoners con-
fined in this damp, noisome, stone dungeon. If this jail is the re-
sult of a studied effort to outrage every law of health, humanity
and decency, the effort is a disgraceful success." The state board
of charities have repeatedly condemned the jail in the severest
terms, and still the vile, sickening man-killing hole exists, and
men are incarcerated within its walls and breathe its foul odors,
to the danger of theii- lives; and the men who perpetrate the
villainy of compelling its use as a prison are at large. If justice
wei-e done, the commissioners who insist on the use of this jail
would be imprisoned within its w^alls, until the idea penetrates
their brains that it is a sin and a crime to maintain such an
abominable nuisance. Men will do mean things sometimes, but
an ordinary man would not stoop so low as to imperil human
health and life in compelling those charged with crime, (and who
may be innocent), to live in such a hole of torture. The jail
was as clean as it could be made, but no amount of scrubbing
will make it appear clean. Since last visit, city water has been
introduced into the jail, and the water-closets are now flushed
and connected with a drain, which works satisfactorily. It is
heated by stoves. It is dark, damp, and has no ventilation.
There were three prisoners present: one awaiting trial, and the
other two serving sentence. Four prisoners were present, A])ri]
1, 1889; fifty were committed, and forty-six discharged, during
the year: eight remained, awaiting trial, Ayjril 1, 1890. The
county pays sixty cents a day for dieting pjisoners. The cost
for dieting, for the year ending December 1, 1889, was |882,55,
for repairs $165.30, and for other jail expenses .f527.05. Relig-
ious services are held sometimes, but they are of no value to
men who are suffering from man's inhumanity. Three prisoners
made their escape, since last visit, by sawing through the bars.
The present county authorities should vacate their positions,
and make room for men who have some sense of justice and
humanity.
Vmo^:— Inspected April 2G, 1890.
This jail is a terror to evil-doers. It is dark, damp, and with-
out ventilation. The prisoners complain of the heat and want
of ventilation in summer, and of the cold in wintei-. An attempt
is made to heat the jail by a stove, placed in the hallway, be-
tween the two cells; but the openings, which are perforated
boiler-iron, are too small for the heat to pass through. A new
roof has been placed on the jail, since last visit. The jail was
found to be clean and newly white-washed. There were four male
prisoners present, awaiting trial. No prisoners were present,
April 1, 1889; twenty-three were committed, and nineteen dis-
—15 P. C.
226
charged, during the year; leaving four prisoners in jail, April 1,.
1890. The county pays forty cents a day for dieting prisoners.
The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending September 1,
1889, was 1333.80, and for other jail expenses $38.
Vermilion: — Inspected June 12, 1890.
This jail has always been found in good condition aud clean.
Kerosene oil had been applied to the iron floors, on the morn-
ing of the visit, to prevent rust. It is heated comfortably by
steam. The light aud ventilation are good. It has city water,
and hose connections for use in case of fire. The water-closets
are flushed, and the drain answers its purpose. Religious serv-
ices are held, ouce a month. There have been no escapes since
last visit. Xo improvements were needed. There were ten pris-
oners present; eight males and two females. All were serving
sentence. Nineteen prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; two
hundred and ten were committed, and two hundred and eigh-
teen discharged, during the year; eleven remained, April 1.
1890. The county pays forty cents a day for feeding prisoners.
The cost for dieting for the year ending September 1, 1889,
was 11,140.50. for repairs 1 17.90, and for other jail expenses
$758.30.
^ aba^yl:— Inspected May 14, 1890.
This jail was found to be in the very best condition, in every
respect. The floors and walls are as clean as soap, water, and
muscle can make them. The light and ventilation are excellent.
It is comfortably heated by stoves, and water is supplied from
a cistern. The jail w^as empty at the time of this visit. Two
prisoners were present, April 1, 1889; thirty were committed,
aud thirty-two discharged, during the year, leaving an empty
jail, Ap ill, 1890. There have been no escapes since last visit.
No improvements are needed. The county pays for dieting pris-
oners as follows: seventy-five cents a day when there is only
one prisoner; when there are two, the rate is sixty-five cents;
and when there are more than two prisoners present, the per
diem is fifty cents. The amount paid for dieting, for the year
ending September 1, 1889, was 1545.87, for repairs $17.90,
and for other jail expenses fl58.13.
Warren: — Inspected July 1, 1890.
This jail is comparativeh^ new, and still retains the appear-
ance of a new prison. It was in good condition generally, and as
clean as possible. It is heated by steam. The water supply is
from a tank, above the jail, to which water is pumped from a
cistern. The drain is sometimes troublesome. The light and
ventilation are first-class. There were three prisoners present,
all awaiting trial. Four prisoners were piesent, April 1, 1889;
twenty-three were committed, and nineteen discharged, during
the year; eight remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The sheriff re-
ceives fifty cents a day for dieting prisoners. The cost for diet-
227
ing, for the year ending September 1, 1889, was 1607.40, and
for other jail expenses .fl64.G8. There have been no escapes.
This jail is comfortable and secure, and no im])rovements are
needed, except that the drain should have some attention.
WAHumGTOi^:— Inspected May 8, 1890.
This jail is in much the same condition as at last visit. It
needs scrubbing and whitewashing. There is neither light nor
ventilation in the cells, and both light and circulation are lim-
ited in the corridor. The jail is uncomfortably warm in the sum-
mer, and cold in the winter. The prison wall prevents the free
circulation of air. The jail was empty, at the time of this visit.
There were no pi-isoners present, April 1,1889. Sixteen were
committed and fourteen discha-rgd during the year, leaving
two prisoners present, April 1, 1890. There have been no escapes,
but some prisoners have cut through the walls and were about
to depart, when discovered. The piison is not regarded as secure.
The county pays sixty cents a day foi' feeding prisoners. The
amount paid for dieting, for the year ending September 1, 18S9,
was $124.75, and other jail expenses were 1156.23. The jail reg-
ister shows that the jail is often unoccupied, and the keeper com-
plains that the small amount received for feeding prisoners docB
not compensate him for their care and food.
Wayne:— Inspected Maj 14, 1890.
This old and worthless jail still remains, and is used for the
temporally confinement of prisoners. Prisoners charged with
serious offenses are guarded until they can be removed to the
jail of Jefferson county, on account of the insecurity of the
Wayne county jail. The light and ventilation are good in the
corridors, but in the cells there is neither. It is barbarous to
place human beings in such dungeons. The jail is heated by
stoves. The water is from a cistern. The only change, since
last visit, is general decay; and the sooner its existenc e is ended
the better. The tax-payers of the county will vote, next fall,
for or against the erection of a court-house and jail. There
were no prisoners present, when visited. None were present,
April 1, 1889; thirty-one were committed, and the same number
discharged, during the year; leaving an empty jail, A])ril 1, 1890.
One prisoner escaped,' since last visit, from the corridor, by
knocking a hole through the brick wall. The county pays
seventy -five cents a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid
for dieting, for the year ending November 80, 1889, was .|596.20,
for repairs $3.75, and for other jail expenses f217.77.
Weitk.— Inspected April 29, 1890.
There is very little change in the condition of this jail, since
last visit. Its appearance might be much improved l)y white-
washing and scrubbing. There were three prisoners present;
one male and two females. The male piisoner was sei-ving sen-
tence, and the female prisoners, who had been sent to the
228
penitentiary for aiding a prisoner to escape, had been returned,
and were awaiting a new trial. The jail has good light and
ventilation, except in the cells. A stove is used for heating
purposes, but does not heat the jail perfectly. The water-supply
is from a cistern. No prisoners, were present, April 1, 1889.
Thirty-eight were committed, and thirty-six discharged, during
the year, leaving two in jail, April 1, 1890. The amount paid
for feeding prisoners is sixty-five cents a day. Dieting, for the
year ending September 1, 1889, cost $426.35, the amount paid
for repairs was f 105.26. and the amount paid for all other jail
expenses, was f268.98.
Whitesidk:— Inspected July 29, 1890.
Since last visit, bars have been placed at the windows of the
rooms occupied by female prisoners. The jail was found to be
in its usual exi^ellent condition. It is kept clean, well-peinted,
and i-etains the appearance of a new prison. The light and
ventilation are excellent. It is heated comfortably by stoves.
There were eight prisoners present: two awaiting trial, and six
serving sentence. Six prisoners were pi^esent, April 1, 1889;
eighty were committed, and eighty discharged, during the year;
six remained in jail, April 1, 1890. The county pa^^s thirty
cents a da}' for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting,
for the year ending March 31, 1890, was |1,466.86, for repairs
f 165.25, and for other jail expenses .f469.18. Religious services
are held occasionally. One prisoner escaped, when the door was
open, but no effort was made to recapture him. He was
charged with petit larceny, having stolen a cancelled note for
thirty dollars, and presented it for payment. He was sent to
jail, and had served four months. No improvements are needed.
Will: — Inspected August 11, 1890.
This jail was found to be in fair condition and clean, except
near the water-closets. The jail proper is regarded as fire-
proof, has city water, and the city fire company is located but
a shoi't distance away. The prison is heated comfortably, by
a furnace, in the coldest weather. The light and ventila.tion
are good. The sewer is stopped up at times, and an offensive
odor comes into the jail. There were ten prisoners present ;
nine males and one female. Nine were awaiting trial, and onc^
was serving sentence. Thirty-five prisoners Avere present, April
1, 1889; one hundred and eighteen were committed, one died,
and one hundred and forty were discharged, during the year;
leaving twelve in jail, April 1, 1890. The sheriff receives forty
cents a dav for boarding prisoners. The amount paid for diet-
ing, for the year ending September 30, 1889, was $2,041.20,
for repairs $37.50, and for other jail expenses about $485.22.
Religious services have not been held for some time. The fur-
nace needs repairs, and the ceiling over the furnace should be
sheathed, to prevent fire. The sewer and water-closets need at-
tention. There have been no escapes, since last visit.
229
Williamson:— Fi.sitec? May 7, 1890.
This county has completed its court-house, since last visit,
but has not vet erected a jail. Plans have been prepared for a
jail, and the contracts let for the brickwork, and for the cells.
It is expected that it will be completed during- the present sum-
mer. The sheriff's residence will be connected with it, and the
whole will cost nearly six thousand dollars. Prisoners charged
with sei'ious offenses are sent to the Jackson or to the Johnson
county jail. The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding pris-
oners. The amount paid for dieting, for the year ending July
1, 1889, was 1454.95. The county had one prisoner at Mur-
pliysboro, at the time of this visit.
WiNNEHAGo : — Inspected August 6, 1890.
Since last visit to this jail a new trap has been placed on the
north side, and the sewer causes no further trouble. The jail
has hose connections with the city water-works, and the city
fire companies are within call, so that it has ample pi'otection
against fire. It is heated by steam, but not comfortably. New
heating apparatus will probably be provided, before cold weather.
The light is good in the corridoi's and upper cells. The venti-
lation would be much improved if the windows could be opened.
The drainage is good and the water-supply is abundant. There
were four jjrisoners present, all awaiting trial. Two piisoners
were present, April 1, 1889; forty-one were committed, and
thirt^'-eight dischai'ged, during the year, leaving five present,
April 1, 1890. "The White Cross Ladies" hold^-eligious serv-
ices once each week. When the new heating apparatus is in
operation, the jail will be comfortably heated in cold weather,
and when the windows are arranged so that they (^an be opened,
the prisoners may be comfortable during hot weather. One
prisonei- escaped, since last visit, by cutting through the bars of
the window. It is supposed that tools were furnished by friends.
He was subsequently recaptured and sent to the penitentiary.
The county pays fifty cents a day for feeding prisoners. The
cost of dieting, for the year ending April 1, 1890, was
.fl,2()7.05, for repairs 1117.95, and for other jail expenses
$332.51. The jail was found to be clean and in excellent re-
pair.
Woodford:— Inspected August 21, 1890.
This aged and decaying building is still used as a jail. The
remarks made in last report still apply to this relic of barbar-
ism. It is dark and without ventilation. It is comfortably
heated by stoves. The walls show recent whitewashing and the
floors frequent sci'ubbing. It was as clean as it could be made.
The water-supply, which is abundant, conies fi'om a cistern.
The drainage is poor, and an offensive odor comes into the jail.
There were three prisoners present; two awaiting trial, and one
serving sentence. One prisoner was present, April 1, 1889; six-
teen wei-e committed and twelve discharged, during the year;
230
five were present, xipril 1, 1890. The sheriff receives fifty cents
a day for feeding prisoners. The amount paid for dieting, for
the yodv ending Septeinbei- 1, 1890, was |493.50, and for other
jail expens'c's f 231. 87. The county-seat question is still unset-
tled, and persons who are clmrged with violating the law
(whether guilty or innocent) will be county guests in a hole,
into which very little light entei-s, where ventilation is a stran-
ger, and where sickening and vile odors pollute the air. There
have been no escapes.
APPENDIX.
233
APPENDIX 1.
STATISTICAL TABLES.
Table I.
LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND SUPERINTENDENTS.
There are at present, in the state of Illinois, fifteen public in-
stitutions, in actual operation. We give their names, location,
and the dates of their respective creation:
Name.
Correctional.
Penitentiary (Northern)
Penitentiary (Southern)
lUinois State Reform School ,
Location.
Cre-
ated.
Jolict .. .
Chester.
Pontiac .
Charitnhle.
Illinois Institution for 'he Education of the Deaf and Dumb Jacksonville.
Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane Jacksonville.
lihnois Institution for the E ueation of the Blind Jacksonville.
Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home Normal.
Illinois Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children jLincolu . . .
Illinois Chari able Eye ami Ear Infirmary Chicago ..
Illinois Northern Hospital for the In>^ane Elfiin
Illinois outhern Hospital for the In'^ane Anna
Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane 'Kankakee.
Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home Quiney —
♦Illinois Asylum for Insane Criminals Chester. ..
Educational.
Normal Uni versitv
Industrial University
Southern Normal University.
Normal
Urbana
Carbondale.
1827
1877
1867
183!t
1857
1849
18(i5
]8t)5
18()5
1869
18()9
1877
1885
1829
1857
18()7
1869
LIST OF SUPERINTENDENTS.
Name.
Sup rintendent.
Correctional.
Penitentiary (Northern)
Penitentiary (Southern)
Reform School
Charitable.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb
Central Hospital for the Insane
Institution for the Blind
Asylum for the Feelile-Minded Children
Soldiers' Orphans' Home
Eye and Ear Infirmary
North^'rn Hrispital for the Ins ne
Southern Hospital for the In'^ane
Eastern Hospital for the Insane
Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home
Educational.
Normal University
Industr'al University
Southern Normal University
A. W. Berpyreu
E. J. Murphy
J. D. ScouUer. M. D.
Philip a. Uillett, LL. 1).
Henry F. Carriel. M. D.
Frank H. Hall
William B. Fish. M. \)..
H. C. DeMo te. Ph. D...
Rdgar C. La^vton
Henry J. Brooks, M. D.
E. B. Klrod. M. D
R. S. Dewey. M. D
J. O. Rowland
John W. Cook
S. H. Peabody.Ph. D....
Rev. Robert Allyn. D. D.
♦Not yet erected.
284
Table II. ,
LIST OF trustp:es of the state in.stitutions.
{Except the penitentiaries and universities), with the duration
of their terms of service, respectively.
Name.
Address.
Term
Expires.
Northern Hospital for the Insane.
David F. Barclay
Elgin
March, 1891
Charles W. Marsh. .
DeKalb
1893
Luthor L. Hiatt
Wheaton
' ' 1895
Eastern Hospital for the Insane.
Ezra B. MeCagg. . .
Chicago
March. 1891
Watseka
• ' 1893
Walter W. Todd
Kankakee.. .
' ' 1895
Central Hospital for th- Insane.
R. W. Willett
Yorkville
March, 1891
Edward P. Kirby . .
Jack onville
' ' 1893
David E. Beaty
Jersevville
' ' 1895
Soutlif'rn Hospital for the Insane.
Eliziir H. Finch
Anna
March. 1891
William H. Boicourt
Golconda
' ' 1893
James Bottom . .
Sparta
1895
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.
Stephen R. Capps
Jacksonville
March, 1891
J. G. Mana'iin... .
Sterling
' ' 1893
Minonk
' ■ 1895
Institution for the Blind.
Benjamin F. Funk.,..
Bloomington
March, 1891
Jacksonville
" 1893
N. W. Branson
Petersburg
• ' 1895
Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children.
Benson Wood
Effingham
March, 1891
C. R. Giting-
Terre Haute
' ' 1893
Lincoln
" 1895
Soldiers' Orphans' Home.
Pontiac
March, 1891
Marshall
' ' 1893
Duncan M. Funk..
Bloomington
' ' 1895
Eye and Ear Infirm,ary.
E. S. Fowler M. D . . ..
Springfield
March. 1891
William H. Fitch, M. D
Roekford
' ■ 1893
Daniel Goodwin Jr . .
Chicago
' ' 1895
State Reform, School.
Valentine Jobst
Peoria
March, 1891
Lincoln
' • 1893
R. M. John
Pontiac
" 1895
Soldiers' and Sailors' Home.
James I. Neff
Freeport
March, 1891
Thomas W. Macfall
Quincy
' ' 1893
L. T. Dickason
Danville
• * 1895
235
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-T -T r- 00 cr. O' CO O ^ O' o
3 o" t>.* CO -t- im" oi 1-.' f-H* 10COO
rHINC0L0i050-TIMi-lo
CO IC CO (M O -I- 1— I O. h- O
O0C-i.. r^-Tt>-01000
^"c-rco"co'-r'r-
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r~ = o o ITS o ;-. ..-I CO o
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a.tiS&aiccd^ :W
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Ph o offi ^ .,- OJ. S O O
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5 2 S£ 1- =- c3 "d
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a'-'HH fl o o-. "s.
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236
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r- rt I— n— (M O Ol rH -jC ^ o
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rt M t^ ■- CC Tl -.i -.r t- (M rt
t>-, £>• ;:3 ^ a: 1— — — 00 1,-^ L-^
coo'-r''i5"'i--'r;rH(M' rj
e5 -o -r e-t rH iM c5 r» lO
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00>0-!-l-OI>-TOJin-T(MCO
C: ^ l~ -^ Ol t-^ — . S lO — — O
-*ior-cooor — f — co
■*»eocO'-i3vi-^r--
coocooor>-OLOt^^ — lO
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(M-f»0-^*0w'^-C0?0O t^
o d CO o; t>- ■— 00 »o r^ = I— )
Ot>»t^iOt^"-COOCO^CO^O
a
p ^
3 a
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o ce 1) o S ?S co^ >.5 o 02
237
Table IV. — Showing mnounts collected from each county in the
state bv seven state institutions, between the first rJay of
July, 1888 and the 30th day of June, 1889.
Connties.
North'rn
Insane
Ho^pital
Eastern
Ini^ane
Hospital
Central
Insane
Hospital
South'rn
Insane
Hospital
Deaf
and
Dumb.
Blind.
FeebJe-
Minded
Children
Total.
Arlanis
$299 61
«566 38
$110 49
814 55
«21 45
$1,012 48
S140 35
81 50
140 35
Bond
6) 88
28 08
47 91
70 86
24 53
9 80
44 73
1 13 73
181 64
880 27
118 15
Brown
86 72
2U 40
47 90
1
179 36
:::::::;:;i::":::::
305 26
Calhoun
47 90
116 32
21 80
60 11
328 34
14 .37
123 21
15 80
58 90
57 01
2,397 43
19 61
14 85
34 37
49 31
152 97
Cass
128 10
11 79
57 15
47 00
231 37
434 80
Christian
198 33
259 70
Clark
323 35
134 15
184 85
151 25
24 18
l(i3 49
28 69
7 65
478 39
Clay
10 10
323 54
Clinton
38 47
49 65
594 47
36 46
310 91
Coles
258 51
Cook
984 27
948 94
445 39
5.370 50
Crawford
138 15
194 22
Cumberland . ..
DeKalb
150 15
90 68
91 00
24 05
62 90
71 34
17 82
106 38
6 61
189 88
57
189 21
26 45
40 62
75 82
23 62
21 11
16 44
13 86
4 62
11 81
28 15
23 30
45 65
11 51
1' 50
32 77
315 01
DeWitt
216 16
364 22
Douelas
3 10
130 2.)
195 70
312 53
DuPage
197 81
Edgar
26 70
116 90
306 95
307 62
54 32
164 17
Edwards
9 82
29 50
172 69
Effingham
466 13
Fayette
359 88
Foi-d
50 39
41 77
52 58
251 78
Franklin
192 00
m5 77
13 30
389 61
Fulton
369 44
657 33
Gallatin
124 05
121 05
Greene
108 2-5
116 51
11 24
95 90
157 76
38 21
178 64
304 22
Grand V
295 15
Hamilton
24 60
5 82
42 00
41 66
Hancock
168 59
61 18
26 10
393 77
Hardin
195 25
195 25
Henderson
82 31
325 02
21 05
1(13 36
Henry .
ieo 87
563 46
13 28
39 27
25 15
230 12
121 05
525 16
Iroquois
61 59
50 49
28 01
650 20
Jackson
426 80
82 55
192 20
720 69
Jasper
231 61
Jefferson
41 49
233 69
Jersey
150 58
29 95
39 08
180 53
JoDaviess
171 46
lot; 89
12 03
106 18
433 73
12 62
2!t7 211
150 66
402 62
49 83
367 26
Johnson
96 20
1(18 23
Kane
214 05
i5i 82
16 42
28 97
21 65
5 68
522 67
Kankakee
455 83
K^'ndall
21 71
17 60
51 '.13
Knox
310 76
53 12
22 91
415 05
31 86
53 11
44 57
.36 07
8 47
(i92 94
Lak''
76 28
401 80
302 96
LaSatle
1.2ii4 04
Lawrence
36 07
Lee
160 07
12!t 91
2il8 45
Livingston
253 16
127 09
101 59
215 Ot
330 15
17 76
61 15
37 60
11 43
4 80
516 94
185 21
125 66
28 90
70 40
23 02
134 92
162 36
84 SO
47 26
40 20
2s(i 86
Logan
163 93
96 10
13 46
90 54
62 58
• 4 86
60 75
25 58
4i 45
20 32
143 68
53 63
10 75
28 00
15 45
34 36
22'i9
50 34
8 04
878 36
Macon
405 95
Macoupin
51 .50
11 27
540 58
Madison
180 65
174 05
786 97
Marion
339 25
Marshall
157 66
69 ()3
276 93
Mason
24 40
232 58
Mas'-ac
271 65
316 66
McDonough. . . .
44 45
McHenry
33 95
50 25
211 99
96 10
50 04
104 52
Mi?Lean
272 81
92 42
191 85
104 93
25 10
21 45
131 74
26 48
865 15
Menard
2ii3 73
Mercer
274 09
Monroe
1
28 00
Montgomery....
1 43
103 .57
17 22
91
5 04
54 42
219 98
142 39
34 50
82 38
5 95
108 82
125 50
8 27
271 36
Morgan
41 64
401 .34
Moultrie
" "ii9"49
78 30
101 47
Ogle
251 41
Peoria
422 02
602 90
Perry
55 45
21 &5
148 03
238
lable 77.— Concluded.
Counties.
North'rn Eastern
Insane Insane
Hospital Hospital
Central South'rn
Insane Insane
Hospital Hospital
Deaf
and
Dumb.
BUnd.
Feeble-
Minded
Children
Total.
Piatt
•
«215 20
353 48
847 30
8262 56
Pike
889 95
8136 83
845 62
5 16
625 88
5 16
22 80
22 80
67 15
819 75
86 90
341 55
38 10
379 65
Rii-hUmrl
27 53
:«8 31
164 70
117 05
66 15
309 28
Rock Island....
229 30
25 6fi
679 45
281 80
281 80
321 88
362 20
214 26
18 90
35 86
241 08
27 34
7 15
62 92
23 57
36 11
46 10
66 79
31 00
56 65
1,175 38
46 24
Scott
86 82
64 10
158 07
Shelby
189 85
252 77
Stark
6 44
12 70
233 14
76 30
42 71
St. Clair
349 61
89 74
132 55
17 42
544 91
247 70
7i 74
45 40
938 30
Stephenson
>fl39 29
396 83
192 64
391 98
Union
119 25
5 70
25 35
90 33
47 13
240 15
697 59
157 76
39 59
68 44
107 03
96 58
256 16
197 32
7 25
6 81
50 78
362 33
Washington....
Wayne
232 42
235 57
21 40
101 6t
181 28
300 22
67 00
197 86
28 16
30 35
523 43
White
486 17
Whiteside
143 41
15 25
7 99
38 55
11 07
43 20
283 40
Will
41 95
336 45
38 55
Winnebago ....
152 00
194 84
103 08
49 47
407 38
179 43
32i> 71
Totals
»3,097 91
$12,015 00
87,321 27
86,116 46
85,660 20
81,645 09
83,402 73 839,258 66
239
Table V. — Showing amounts collected from each county in the
state bv seven state institutions, between the 1st rJa.v of July,
1889, and the 30th day of June, 1890.
Counties.
North'rn
Insane
Hospital
1' astern
Insane
Hospital
Central
Insane
Hospital
South'rn
Insane
Hospital
Deaf
and
Dumb.
Blind.
Feeble-
Minded
Children
Total.
Adams
«342 33
»486 95
«197 73
$19 89
820 ,58
$1, 067 48
Alexander
Bond
121 60
.35 92
27 85
162 62
S116 40
3:3 54
10 75
12 25
17 09
288 63
Boone
OT 28
59 69
177 64
Brown
60 77
28J 89
100 87
Bureau
16 65
461 16
Calhoun
Carroll
5G !)!•
63 48
58 62
418 90
is i2
9 48
56 2-.
21 45
24 85
1:33 59
Cass
104 40
12 64
75 25
43 12
185 14
Champaign
550 40
Christian
47 38
121 19
193 75
31 11
336 81
Clark
330 80
476 84
Clav
Clinton
35 77
96 94
5.025 07
101 80
379 89
si 2i
77
1,6,50 25
226 44
43 31
63 59
770 8.5
21 78
262 09
Coles
13 70
586 41
554 89
Cook
2,465 39
10, 197 97
Crawford
36 95
285 17
Cumberland
DeKalb
140 46
115 11
77 59
54 46
106 98
181 53
21 21
166 67
30 00
61 60
35 14
56 23
i7 (18
3 17
2 50
26 82
20 15
10 94
12 32
11 27
25 75
12 33
41 33
361 07
DeWitt
66 14
L'02 19
Douglas
3 5(i
213 79
154 50
2.S2 19
DuPage
333 09
Edgar
85 31
49 85
363 81
202 45
63 83
311 94
Edwards
96 81
Effingham
8 85
551 69
Favette
273 78
Ford
Prdnklin
117 20
29 07
85 00
6039
13 12
55 89
159 39
Fulton
239 57
228 54
669 39
Gallatin
Greene
99 77
lti2 23
21 82
132 06
175 77
6() 25
61 09
21 29
;363 (18
Grundy
223 32
Hamilton
202 90
9 96
53 62
234 68
Hancock
211 90
38 62
43 36
479 56
Hardin
77 35
77 35
Henderson
17 95
17 95
Henry
15 81
152 57
183 58
59 12
52 59
47 10
400 50
2:3 11
,^6 37
292 80
257 09
238 62
IroQuois
56 08
137 13
696 53
Jackson
189 50
259 51
142 46
678 55
Jasper
51.9 19
Jefferson
1'2 46
Jersey
117 57
51 08
125 97
25 06
21 26
66' 87
16 21
37 52
41 49
:'!7':33
9 80
:322 .33
JoDaviess
195 51
309 34
Johnson
99 75
99 75
Kane
232 .5:3
309 19
212 42
29 33
645 92
Kankakee
222 22
Kendall
17 5(i
11 40
58 29
Knox
:527 35
1.H2 62
863 12
287 03
:35 07
16 ,55
42 79
60 73
42 27
37 63
10 61
692 24
Lake
208 27
444 76
528 17
LaSalle
:335 28
65 75
3 25
1.6K8 68
Lawrence
118 90
222 28
Lee
80 58
135 93
52.5 41
82 68
76 93
258 48
691 56
75 19
n 97
189 ,55
227 12
Livingston
4 92
223 64
133 25
154 35
104 55
" "iso'oe
47 Kl
35 78
49 46
112 27
106 97
71 .50
49 27
72 91
.578 M
Logan
39 87
27 07
13 49
98 01
109 57
,36 20
59 38
22 12
14 07
16 00
110 79
47 ,55
10 63
12 72
14 .57
63 15
:iSi ii7
Macon
2S6 71
Macoupin
30 35
568 94
Madison
397 ■i(»
109 15
1,298 49
Marion
365 41
Marshall
2:53 50
Mason
89' 65
35 81
3 7 65
Massac
111 77
McDonough.. ..
599 89
613 96
McHoury
64 13
2:5 9i
101 04
McLean
317 60
88 73
75 14
:«0 69
53 8i>
150 %i
99 62
94 71
78 37
167 62
1,026 32
Menard
284 91
Merci^r
314 :37
Monroe
157 80
170 .52
Montgomery. ..
7 64
• 98 99
8 45
118 00
70 (13
176 78
a5 27
93 27
118 11
Morgan
43 88
476 07
Moultrie
132 15
140 60
Ogle
224 00
72 06
64 86
29 19
i4 70
36 53
27 14
428 76
Peoria
251 52
■ 133*95
;352 91
Perry
1 iii 57
22 a5
354 20
240
Table 7.— Concluded.
1
Counties.
North'rn Eastern
Insane Insane
Hospital Hospital
Central
Insane
Hospital
South'rn
Insane
Hospital
Deaf
and
Dumb.
Blind.
Feeble-
Minded
Children
Total.
Piatt
$53 58
70 78
$138 15
96 21
$27 31
$10 59
114 12
$229 63
Pike
$80 93
20 35
362 04
Pope
171 10
300 00
191 45
Pulaski
40 74
12 34
$54 33
395 07
Putnam
42 77
55 11
Randolph
31 56
80 85
110 12
47 27
78 83
Ricliland
102 85
4U0 62
148 00
1 00
332 70
Rock Island
$10 96
239 10
7 33
768 13
Saline
Sangamon
196 02
2 42
21 65
381 26
62 33
54 65
184 37
61 54
10
48 90
128 91
54 70
4 17
66 26
19 70
51 28
20 26
80 37
20 26
60 45
939 46
Sohuyler
180 99
S-ott
83 57
Shelby
335 99
402 25
Stark
7i 50
12 79
214 99
41 77
35 16
7 20
37 03
-103 99
St. Clair
731 20
147 81
169 00
1 00
635 89
325 20
67 58
48 47
1,390 25
Stephenson
2i2 39
470 70
Tazewell
181 89
466 42
Union
79 90
15 95
87 90
. M 96
140 32
Vermilion
649 32
Wabash
87 90
Warren
131 86
59 01
35 47
54 20
187 93
892 07
i47 64
28 27
38 39
20 70
310 77
Washington
42 40
262 21
.530 30
22 51
142 50
157 78
28 55
113 82
39 63
6!» 51
2S 89
30 99
69 87
68 96
193 30
Wayne
530 78
White
811 24
Whiteside
213 36
19 98
33 75
13 93
463 59
Will
40 63
1,080 43
Williamson
496 90
536 53
Winnebago
213 35
156 40
132 87
2i 48
22 43
460 71
Woodford
i55 84
310 03
Totals
$5,164 69
$17,476 65
$6,633 45, $6,884 05
$6,623 88
$1,719 16
$3,508 86
$48,010 74
241
Table Yl.—Showing balances due seven state institutions, and
not yet collected, on the 30th day of June, 1890, from each
county in the state:
Counties.
^orth'rn
Insane
Hospit'l.
Eastern
Insane
Sospit'i.
Central
In-ane
H.spifl.
South'rn
Insane
Hospit'l.
Deaf
and
Dumb.
Blind.
Feeble-
Mi nded
Children
Total.
S17 32
208 89
$317 83
1102 42
785 20
20 67
5 40
$1 68
6 05
«1 71
337 48
2 00
8146 96
1804 63
95 15
2,142 25
Bond
117 82
$7tJ 51
81 94
48 78
26 56
75 34
116 39
156 41
9 46
15
91 01
116 39
104 88
105 55
is 60
99 36
380 44
Carroll
131 91
210 76
45 41
12 36
25 71
12 80
8 85
188 35
15 91
16 10
1,033 91)
55 21
17 18
9 28
12 32
37 27
67 20
Champaign
129 04
98 23
21 65
1()9 95
Clark
120 78
47 62
129 63
Clay . ...
126 75
53 70
362 72
2 59
65 25
635 58
21
72 20
Cok's
119 11
3,139 06
66 85
95 50
2(i 94
92 27
78 01
1 27
445 58
46 10
73 82
21 86
5 05
201 73
Cook
53 US
5,307 86
171 64
387 36
343 37
""i27'i9
573 86
DeKalb
12 86
16 00
8 81
10 22
7 2J
2 50
191 85
DeWitt
75 76
63 13
217 21
2 00
93 90
40 41
50 63
3 43
10 72
18 45
2 99
90 40
20 95
57 53
11
380 44
42 90
1 15
37 16
21 (i4
81 68
i6 37
63 98
6 97
220 21
115 30
66 77
30 73
76 89
Fa\ ette
30
79 43
21)
69
28 52
40 81
10 1(
4 73
183 31
Ford
507 73
Franklin
169 47
442 88
Fulton
201 27
323 14
145 80
2.9 73
110 40
8 85
171 68
81 68
Hamil'oii
56 45
106 48
17 39
37 21
5 33
41 44
168 26
12 00
21 83
135 98
23'68
40 50
217 31
106 25
1(;5 29
It
4 80
50 02
35 21
2.? 84
375 95
60
212 68
31 2 ;
115 91
41 96
16 21
40 42
69 01
75 31
397 56
Iroriuois
303 12
154 30
2S9 84
16 36
55 It!
25 61
207 61
73 94
171 06
63 83
19 87
16 2.)
32 2r
50 2,
141 56
193 8(5
17 65
162 70
278 09
Johnson
99 10
2J1 80
Kane
331 41
92 67
71 21
20 17
11 Otj
444 25
Kank kee
103 32
185 .59
Ki-ndall
56 20
6 55
ti2 75
Knox
33 96
45
170 94
10 00
27 09
55 08
56 79
4
15 38
15 99
36 9!
16 .5(
27 2.
19 57
2 01
2'>1 89
Lake
78 81
27 30
122 85
LaSallo
356 22
4 67
21) 51
39 05
470 .53
Lawrence
66 76
172 (>3
Lee
183 39
12 .52
3.58 71
3 65
107 33
63 88
217 01
Livinn'ston ....
371 12
Logan
113 3
13 7^
85 81
253 1!
74 tS
43 7(
10 V.
67 87
55 0?
12 0]
16 m
22 8b
20 i:h
31
11 3H
.59 K
11 tl7
9 9."
12 07
39 29
2.17 61
Macon
17 22
53 69
19 75
11 95
15 81
93 01
182 03
Macoupin
31 05
2 14 .55
Madison
3 45
56 50
3 1 1 2i;
Marion
123 52
Marshall
64 42
11 15
310 9C
106 42
Mason
420 81
Massac
49 55
72 13
MoDonough....
33'47
508 58
307 5(j
447 12
1,2« .39
JVU'H nry
:« 77
McLean
6ly 37
39 08
38 47
52 11
27 89
22
8232, 6W 45
246
Table VIL
Hospitals fob the Insane.
Northern. Eastern. Central. Southern
Okdinart Expenses, Classified.
Attendance .
Food
Clothing, bedding, etc.
Laundry supplies
Fuel.
«39,
2S,
7,
1,
Light
WatHr
Medicin ■ and medical supplies
Freight and transportation
Postage and ieleg aplaiug
Book-; and stationery
Printing and advertising
Music and amusements
Instruments and apparatus
Household expenses
Furniture ;
Building, repairs, etc
Tools
Machinery, etc
Farm, garden, stock and grounds.
Real estate
Legal expenses
Insurance
Shop expenses
Bu ial expenses
Expenses not classifled
841 98
413 72
816 30
041 68
591 70
282 64
Total
Less receipts not from state.
Cost to state
Special Expenses, Classified.
Attendance
Food
Clothing, bedding, etc
Laundry
Fuel
Freight and transportation
Postage and i elegraphing
Books and stationery
Music and amusements
Household expenses
Furniture
Building, rt-pairs, etc
Tools
Machinery, etc
Farm, garden, stock and grounds.
Legal expenses
Shop expenses
Total ,
Aveeages.
Total number of days' board furnished
Deduct lurnished to officers and employes
Days' board furnished to inmates
Average number of inmates
Average cost per capita (gross)
Average cost per capita (net)
.134 ,17
508
481 59
487 34
533 10
COO 99
100 78
919 88
,176 89
.323 81
79 96
318 64
,404 95
75 00
138 00
$101,272 04
6,tHll 18
»94,370 86
1,241 54
7 50
255 75
1,181 05
51 15
5,284 79
1 40
45 56
17 50
$8,086 24
233,017
39,078
193,939
531.34
$190 60
177 61
897,853 34
81,435 54
16,036 43
1,170 59
27,042 48
3,683 30
2,392 55
1,293 36
685 01
613 07
813 66
582 07
86 42
2,534 08
2,712 07
7,126 66
458 99
2,260 77
9,851 87
7 50
$.54,119 a5
53,558 .33
8,7(J9 97
724 00
6,751 54
3,253 40
1,472 04
1.7(il 21
913 30
452 73
661 89
193 ()8
498 01
14 62
690 86
.3,(i09 10
6,501 06
49 95
698 61
3,778 42
$39,4.34 31
38,132 62
6,021 13
1,215 39
8,268 82
567 17
2,550 04
1.012 88
442 99
237 47
203 65
224 98
112 50
762 36
1,575 44
3.463 51
79 17
713 18
3,537 00
250 00
899 15
164 40
397 16
121 85
225 00
15 94
592 00
26 55
100 00
33 10
12 00
57 47
$2i;0,350 3
18,234 28
$149,429 86
13,470 25
$108,813 73
11,283 57
$242,116 09
1,061 21
'""i3'2.3
$135,959 61
2,797 36
$97,530 16
3,101 16
96
527 56
125 on
117 00
525 52
9,241 11
4 36
1,231 00
1,049 33
28 23
3,318 95
946 00
408 24
1,000 49
""'2\U
$13,920 28
095,065
99, 049
.$7,470 55
389,160
• 56,660
$4,151 02
276,674
43,105
596,010
l,(i32.92
$159 44
148 27
332,506
910.98
$164 03
149 25
2.33,569
639.92
$170 05
152 41
247
Continued.
Institutions fob
THE—
Deaf and
Dumb.
Blind.
Asylum
for
Feeble-
Minded.
«r)(i,a78 :«•
17,538 05
3,852 05
555 10
5,815 (12
2,211 37
803 55
324 03
2,197 28
(137 "'
1,291 73
2'.t2 45
2i)(; 72
455 80
(i(!7 9(
l,7(i8 30
2,042 27
6i) 53
551 50
5,370 28
740 00
200 00
100 00
840 43
15 00
$17,052 81
G,7.")4 44
1,814 44
134 2(i
1,475 33'
789 2(11
497 30'
123 :J5'
800 71!
280 18
493 70)
68 48
503 53
3 55
127 85
9(i4 25
319 41
2 50
(;38 OG
2.235 84
275 40
$105,915 80
9,712 81
»9G,202 99
1,00] 40
r>00 00
100 00
929 90
31 00
3 15
837,318 70
4,()52 80
832, (HiS 90
171 78
Soldiers'
O IJ3 bans'
Home.
Charitable
Eye and
Ear
Infirmary.
«26,793 (iO
18,154 00
4.515 44,
48;? 29
4,887 22
2,107 81
751 89
290 (i4
457 50
295 31
470 38
100 50
170 58
209 00
531 21
1,580 05
2,189 49
181 14
147 53
2,321 75
1.000 00
2r
135 00
482 73
270 50
1 00
$17,320 24
l(i,530 91
0,900 90
349 44
3,310 15
.531 39
81 45
541 21
187 05
348 80
100 90
30(i 79
9 25
390 3(
684 00
1,591 14
38 40
280 85
1,340 75
37 50
12 00
1 60
5 00
1.90(! 42
»3,407 82
102,910
2it,820
3 1
,494 37
9 80
21 79
4 85
68,007 07
7,547 95
$61,059 12
3,53 75
11 00
15,715 34
49,738
9,171
6,331 40
"402" 19
9 9i
»50,9G0 08
549 08
$50,410 40
249 25
80,219 95
8,8.39 82
435 29
469 92
2.832 02
405 21
30(i 00
1,461 97
907 01
98 80
;%8 97
106 75
8 .50
'■■i20'42
868 42
776 96
8 63
158 79
321 08
50 00
State
Reform
School.
Soldiers'
and
Sadors'
Home.
ffl5,902 03
16,2.54 27
5,849 01
(i97 25
4,081 22
901 25
84 00
$24,902 14
$24,902 14
30 03
234 79
2,901 20
1.59 93
221 59
01 30
475 79
3 45
384 22
1,145 8:3
1,032 02
55 09
209 54
887 34
253 03
67 00
51 40
$52,429 75
2(i9 7,
$.52,160 00
459 75
288 73
133,0<)(l 40,-507
364. (K? 111.14
$29(t 47 $:«5 78
203 ^1 293 92
$7,108 29
107,994
28,080
139,314
381.08
$179 75
1.59 97
$.537 98
138,. 535
13,140
125,395
313 .55
$148 3:5
140 73
239 03
■"i'66
7 58
184 05
797 t>4
■■37' 86
$1,298 99
56, .507
6,040
49,807
136.62
$182 2
182 27
$:«,886 23
.3(i,441 30
12,865 76
792 54
9,101 70
3,027 37
1,7:33 10
1,990 92
425 "^ ■
002
1,043 80
0:33 47
622 53
25 32
702 84
2,831 47
8,981 29
136 60
216 90
5,233 .53
Total.
58 00
100 00
166 34
94 85
$121,774 05
3,533 73
$118,240 32
1,:350 35
1,557 87
120 83
227 11
493 50
■■40"75
121,110 45
$122, :«7 .56
129, 026
13,017
115,979
317
$105 00
164 1
27 93
1,974 0:5
21,802 92
4 .50
1,232 54
$28.1:50 97
216,221
7.7.55
2:38, 4(i6
6.53.33
$18(; ;«>
180 98
$405,702 23
322,053 00
74,937 32
7,6:?3 46
83,1.57 80
19.820 20
5„563 88
12,346 12
12,049 09
' 4,:523 93
6,234 80
3,107 94
4,290 49
1,021 35
7,898 04
19,923 02
37,817 52
1,160 02
6,194 37
37,285 81
2,072 90
490 65
1,010 00
3,621 22
1,.506 25
522 18
$1,081,773 59
70,156 00
$1,005,617 59
11,818 18
7 50
1.810 73
11 00
257 35
132 83
96
1,543 40
1,306 05
231 89
2,087 a5
.55,791 59
18 66
4.033 67
1.517 93
17 50
121,110 45
$202,297 04
2,. 544, 8.59
340,151
2.198,708
0,02:3.86
$179 58
166 94
248
J able VIL—
Hospitals fob the Insane.
Northern.
Eastern.
Central.
Southern.
Movement of the Population.— Inmates.
Present at beginning of year
523
102
18
1,609
355
44
923
241
51
0:W
139
Former inniaies re-admitted
18
Total for year
643
89
22
2(56
2ti6
2,008
264
73
1,014
657
1,215
236
54
472
453
787
110
Died
39
Present at end of \ ear-
Males
378
Females
2C0
Total for vear
643
2,008
1,215
787
Concluded.
249
Institutions foe
THE—
Asylum
for
Feeble-
Minded.
Soldiers'
Orphans'
Home.
Charitable
Eye and
Ear
Infirmary.
State
Reform
School.
Soldiers'
and
Sailors'
Home.
Total.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Blind.
74""
432
1
29
1&5
a38
55
60
270
82
129
154
654
97
317
165
526
371
204
5,291
2,267
1.188
606
505
1
165
162
2
153
77
15
198
163
481
304
2
93
82
905
751
3
78
73
482
147
3
332
1,101
419
44
638
8,740
3,064
258
3,469
1
1.955
506
165
453
481
905
482
1,101
8,746
250
Table VIII. — Consolidated financial statement {all funds in-
classified, for the
Hospitals fob the Insane.
Northern,
Elgin.
Eastern,
Kankakee.
Central,
Jackson-
ville.
Southern,
Anna.
Crim-
jnals,
Chester.
Appkopbiations.
Br.
Appropr'ns 1887, undrawn, July 1,1889
Appropriations of 1889
$2,323 99
31,, 990 00
$3,798 42
537,000 00
$3,531 27
411,707 70
$1,437 49
343,450 00 $50, 000 00
Or.
Appropriations drawn during: year..
Appropriations lapsed Sept. 30,1889..
Appropriations undrawn June 30,1890
$817,313 99
9C,342 07
G9
220,971 23
1540,798 "42
282,526 40
174 55
258,097 47
$415,238 97
171,396 10
$344,887 49
138,679 27
$50,000 00
2t3,842 87
206,208 22
50,000 00
Institutions.
Br.
Cash on hand, July 1,1889
$317,313 99
45,707 (51
70,000 00
26,342 (>7
$540,798 42
44,771 53
216,000 00
66,526 40
$415,238 97
43,850 49
120,000 00
51,a96 10
$344,887 49
23,(539 69
100,000 00
38,679 27
$50,000 00
From s*ate, ordinary
From state, special...
From Burr fund
3,140 60
From shoe fa-torv
8,681 98
24,684 60
13,517 89
ii,9i8 82
$153,872 16
9,308 91
108, 440 22
2,000 00
34,123 03
$351,982 53
11,171 10
314.517 53
$228,764 48
$174,237 78
8,094 45
141,426 86
Or.
Indebtedness, July 1,1889, paid
Expenses present year
209,729 73
Cash on hand
26,293 90
19,0,34 75
24,716 47
$153,872 16
9,308 91
90,224 81
36,1,3 07
$351,982 53
11,171 10
257,403 49
66,526 40
$228,764 48
$174,237 78
8,094 45
103,498 42
50,828 87
Financial Condition.
Br.
Indebtedness July 1, 1889 .
Expenses, ordinary, present year....
Expenses, special, present year
147,812 21
61,917 52
Expenses, Burr fund
783 53
$1.36,460 32
117,749 13
• 18,711 19
$335,100 99
325,688 (55
9,412 36
$209,729 73
209,729 73
$162,421 74
149,. 521 31
12,900 43
Or.
Indebtedness June 30 1890.
$136,460 32
34,123 03
10,510 96
$335,100 99
26,293 90
$209,729 73
19,034 75
13,788 11
$162,421 74
24,716 47
13,348 53
Surplus and Deficit.
Br.
Cash balance, Juno 30 1890.
\Cash estimates instate treasury
I)eflcit, June 30, 1890
$44,633 99
18,711 19
25,922 80
$26, 293 90
9,412 36
16,881 54
$32,822 86
$38,065 00
12,900 43
25,164 57
Or.
Indebtedness, June 30, 1890.
Surplus, June 30, 1890
$32,822 86
$44,633 99
$26,2i13 90
$32,822 86
$38,065 00
251
eluded) of the income and expenses of eleven state institutions,
Sscal year 1800.
Institutions fob
THE—
Asylum
for Pi-eble
Minded,
Lincoln.
Soldiers'
Orphans"
Home,
Normal.
Charitable
E e and
Ear in-
firmary,
Chicago.
State
Reform
School,
Pontiac.
Soldiers'
and
Sailors'
Home,
Quincy.
Deaf and i Blind,
Dumb, Jackson-
Ja'ks'nv'le ville.
Total.
$1.52 88
$1,778 27
180,900 00
m\ 07
170,618 00
$213 48
59.552 00
$72 89
96,600 00
s$l,691 01
292,000 00
$15,0(;8 77
»228,266 66
107,750 (10
2,792,767 70
f228,200 00
121,051 71
$107,902 88
60,681 98
$182,678 27
86,-543 29
205 3i)
95,929 68
$170,684 07
118,172 21
859,765 48
,30,595 21
896,672 89
48,300 00
$293, ()94 01
1.58,194 01
$2,807,836 47
1,312,482 25
380 54
107,148 29
47,220 90
.52, .511 86
29,170 27
48,372 89
i;35,500 00
1,494,973 68
1228,200 00
18,00)i 51
100,000 00
21,051 71
S107.9li2 88
146 0(i
38,000 00
22,681 98
$182.678 27
6.961 02
66,000 00
20,. 543 29
$170,684 07
17,968 31
45,000 (10
73,172 21
3,7.57 50
$59,765 48
242 94
27,000 00
3,595 21
$96,672 89
19,0,55 11
46,0 00
2,300 00
$293, (i94 01
6,073 86
1.30,000 00
28,194 01
$2,807,836 47
226,423 13
958,000 00
354,482 25
3, 757
3,110 50
.56,942 83
302 80
56,942 as
is, 2 14 !ti
3,898 95
6,325 08
460 83
2,014 &3
&5,(I50 69
8152, 30;5 13
6,440 13
864.726 99
$99,829 39
$140,3.58 85
1,813 80
119, .597 98
$30,838 15
$124,(500 74
$166,282 70
756 27
153,689 ()3
$1,687,796 90
37,593 66
118,211 81
64,321 29
92,354 78
27,901 89
107,469 66
1,457, (Mil 38
2,000 00
27.642 10
405 70
7.474 61
18,947 07
2,936 26
17,131 08
11,836 80
190,541 86
S152.303 13
6,449 13
$()4,726 99
$i)9,829 39
$140,3.58 85
1,813 80
.54,088 97
7.3,172. 21
3,174 50
$30,838 15
$124,C(J0 74
$160,282 70
756 27
125,. 575 42
28,194 01
$1,687,796 90
37,. 593 60
in, .'527 32
21,0.51 71
41,662 47
23,461 89
72,809 83
lit,. 544 95
24,206 68
3,695 21
.52,812 12
2,3(10 00
l,0Sl,(i.51 74
386,835 84
3,174 ,50
7h3 ,53
52,327 .54
52,. 327 54
$139,028 16
124,660 91
14 368 22
$65,121 36
64,. 321 29
803 07
$92,354 78
92,354 78
$132,249 48
121,411 78
10,837 70
$27,901 89
27,901 89
$107,469 m
107,469 66
$154,525 70
151,445 90
79 80
$1,562,3(56 81
1,495,2^>5 04
(i7,lll 77
?139,028 16
27,642 19
$(i5,12l 30
405 70
$92,354 78
7, 174 61
$132,219 48
18,947 07
827,901 89
2,936 26
100 00
$107,469 66
17,131 08
81 54,. 525 70
11,836 80
$l,.562,30(i 81
190.541 86
.37,747 60
307 37
397 37
S27.642 19
14,. 368 22
$803 07
803 07
$7,474 61
$18,947 07
10,8,37 70
8,109 37
$3,030 26
$17,131 08
$11,836 80
79 8(1
11,757 00
$228.08(i 83
67,111 77
13,273 97
7,474 61
3,03(; 26
17,131 08
161,575 06
S27,642 19
$803 07
$7,474 61
$18,947 07
$;?,030 26
$17, 131 08
$11,836 80
$228,686 83
252
Table VIII.—
Hospitals foe the
Insane.
Northern,
Elgin.
Eastern,
Kankakee
Central,
Jackson-
ville.
Southern,
Anna.
Crim-
inal':,
Chester.
Okdinaet Expenses. Classified.
S38,399 01
21,489 35
6,209 94
9,53 75
10,399 81
2,499 93
8100,349 97
68,321 18
20,50(i 97
842 21
23,339 53
7,783 39
S.56,062 66
52,213 76
10.437 01
1,1 4 20
6.a38 95
3,230 19
1,325 46
2,051 63
2.488 90
575 29
478 00
216 75
432 06
24 98
667 83
1,286 11
4,057 51
115 -St
798 25
3,412 09
840,193 45
34,982 95
rood
6,. 560 96
852 95
7,908 43
2i)l 06
Fuel
Lisht
Water. .
Medicine and medical supplies
Freight and transportation ....
99i 74
1,381 47
545 81
467 66
80 48
499 60
96 32
713 30
1,158 23
554 11
31 03
117 16
3,175 53
3,117 87
4,080 41
1,075 09
522 80
931 40
288 95
223 67
2,0(12 31
3,885 19
6,521 55
320 72
6,790 28
5,199 03
8 00
50
2,274 54
2,608 68
397 68
318 35
158 75
838 68
1 91
819 46
1,595 96
563 11
90 05
466 90
2,442 77
PosrasTt* and lelegiaphing
Printing and adverti iug
In trunients and apparatus ....
Furnitura
Tools
Machinery, etc
Farm, garden, stock and grounds...
Real estate
Legal ' xpeuses. . . . .
1 25
200 00
18 60
213 75
26 98
35 00
100 00
Shop expenses..
850 17
233 25
146 02
23 43
434 70
7 18
Buriai expenses
18 00
8 79
Expenses not classified...
Total
S90,221 81
8,6sl 98
&357,403 49
21,684 60
S147,812 21
13,517 89
$103,498 42
11,918 82
Less receipts not from state
Cost to state
$81,542 83
3,497 50
7 50
$2:32, 718 89
3,048 32
$134,294 32
9,823 03
391,579 60
17,239 47
1 50
Attendance.
Food
1,356 04
6 00
985 33
201 37
Fuel
347 71
Light ....
333 70
30
78 50
5 85
53 70
Freight and transportation.
3 00
28 35
60
510 71
37 00
157 50
27 49
6 00
3 80
3,393 74
50,679 19
72 21
3,763 09
598 72
2,000 00
63 96
34 32
597 65
3 50
60
32,906 55
50 65
90 51
50 03
Furniture . ....
200 00
48,114 99
31.225 72
172 62
322 55
405 94
^ Tools
V Machinery, etc
3,622 00
\Farm, garden, stock and grounds ...
71 .58
\Total
*$36,926 60
227,021
39.617
$66,526 40
714.714
103,161
«61,917 52
387,098
58,626
$50,828 87
267.666
44,219
AVEEAGES.
Ded't furnished officers and employes
Days' board furnished to inmates...
187,404
513.44
S175 73
158 82
611,553
1,675.49
S153 63
138 90
328,472
899.92
S164 25
149 23
223.447
612.19
$169 07
149 60
Average cost per capita, (gross)
Average cost per capita, (net)
Concluded .
253
Institutions fok
THE—
Asylum
for Feei'le
Minded,
Lincoln.
Soldiers'
Orphans'
Home.
Normal.
Charitable
Eye and
Ear In-
firmary,
Chicago.
State
Reform
School,
Pontiac.
Soldiers'
and
Sailors'
Home.
Quincy.
De^af and
Dumb,
Ja'ks'nv'ie
Blind,
Jackson-
ville.
Total.
«60,075 24
15,025 02
5,422 14
5!tl 42
5,709 87
1.791 05
936 29
$19,003 16
7,745 17
2,2.50 77
166 07
1,703 40
984 28
488 (i6
128 .55
782 27
224 29
678 14
2(13 75
1,472 03
158 61
253 .59
974 21
576 75
28 10
49 36
2,7.53 15
398 00
428,588 90
18,258 90
5,991 8.5
532 44
5,170 88
949 48
808 11
450 71
610 11
403 56
m) 92
117 80
245 55
202 30
612 42
2,862 15
2,785 09
123 55
537 85
1,379 62
1,000 00
10 00
*18,773 78
14,768 06
5,663 29
329 17
4,037 82
845 03
$7,173 92
9,455 49
104 18
262 75
2.196 75
539 36
298 20
85(; 67
740 38
113 64
382 31
77 45
10 00
$15,404 10
17,326 00
6, .5.52 19
a59 49
3,050 00
910 73
$36,047 36
39.119 78
17,813 35
490 .57
8,5il 92
3,197 70
2.062 70
1,491 62
1,407 -10
662 36
654 18
748 62
533 84
33 45
714 82
2,920 .56
4,158 48
118 78
57 92
4,347 06
$120,041 55
298.705 66
87,. 512 65
6,515 02
78,:«t7 36
23,022 19
5,919 42
2.51 19
2,425 70
62;^ 0.'
1.287 69
96 39
350 48
103 38
ei is
422 04
173 57
293 94
102 75
218 25
2 10
426 12
1.950 09
3,786 ,51
44 65
1,433 94
667 53
234 35
2,662 69
167 17
469 67
96 05
826 97
39 65
391 28
1,H09 77
1,196 51
10 10
266 21
1,117 74
11.913 04
19,610 05
4.961 48
5,883 66
2,830 19
5,716 41
886 37
577 99
2.186 51
5,638 03
87 00
68(» 69
6.013 76
141 86
130 55
942 53
20 88
37 89
287 63
407 00
7,380 41
20,259 33
30,7X3 18
990 13
11,236 45
30,795 91
1,813 00
152 00
15 65
51 90
100 00
206 34
91 71
266 30
100 00
270 67
32 00
48 78
500 00
1.473 o»;
589 80
748 89
87 50
1 25
4,180 96
47 25
26 25
27 25
1,185 41
30 00
50 36
345 61
$111, .527 32
13,244 91
$41,662 47
3,898 95
$72,809 83
6,325 08
$54,088 97
460 83
824,206 68
$52,842 12
302 8(t
$125,575 42
2,014 83
$1,081,651 74
85,050 69
$98,282 41
2,684 25
837,763 52
856 15
$66,484 75
983 03
$.53,628 14
1,0.50 22
$24,206 68
129 75
$52,539 32
556 12
$12;?, ,560 59
2,296 36
$996,601 05
42, 164 20
9 00
580 24
1,9.36 38
990 33
90
549 98
2 :«
336 05
30
73 77
7 00
3 35
2 .50
196 47
(i 45
500 00
87 39
220 08
100 00
300 00
500 00
15 00
132 .50
2,429 38
79 49
1,811 50
1,913 00
(■) 00
1 80
13 25
525 55
1,873 00
17 as
21 81
29 .59
50
3(i 36
1,413 02
308 0.S
2:^,980 22
33 75
S22 00
98 50
25 60
301,40
67,. 593 51
4,7.59 73
8,810 82
20,283 .58
29 77
1 96
372 46
18.400 81
305.281 41
376 8:3
1,200 00
50 40
23 32
9.894 .32
1..578 .56
7,856 64
7,174 50
400 74
17.4.31 8«
30 00
93 iV6
152,327 ,54
62, 43;^ 44
.597 65
821.051 71
163,144
30,210
$23,461 89
52.920
8,881
$19,544 95
180,111
3ii,.386
$76,346 71
127,726
13,318
$3,695 21
57,290
6.669
$54,627 54
144,4:i4
13,232
$28,194 01
296.384
8, .541
8443,121 41
2, 618, .508
a5(),89(t
132,904
364.12
^06 2 1
269 92
44,039
120.66
S3 (5 21
312 97
149,725
410.21
$177 49
162 07
114.408
3i:{. 45
$172 5H
171 09
50,621
138.69
$174 .53
174 53
131,202
359.46
$147 00
146 16
287,813
788.61
$1.59 24
156 68
2,261,618
6.196.21
8174 56
160 84
254
Table VIII —
Hospitals for the Insane.
Northern,
Elgin.
Eastern.
Kankakee
Central,
Jackson-
ville.
Southern,
Anna.
Crim-
inals,
Chester.
Movement of the Population.
Inmates.
Present at beginning of year
1
1
.532 l.OTl
925
300
142
1
638
213
63
Since admitted, new
282
64
883
58
Absentees returned.
Total for year
878
2,612
1,368
914
.320
36
au
258
821
104
1,039
648
405
51
461
461
^1
36
:%9
288
Died
Present at end of year-
Male
Females
Total for year . . .
878
2,612
1,3.8
914
Concluded.
255
Institutions for
THE—
Asylum
Soldiers'
Orphans'
Home,
Normal.
Charitable
Eye and
Ear In-
firmary,
Chicago.
State
Eeform
School,
Pontiac.
Soldiers'
and
Sailors'
Home,
Quincy.
Deaf and
Dumb,
Ja'ks'nv'le
Blind.
Jackson-
ville.
Minded,
Lincoln.
Total.
1
42
Hi
128
361
56
72
175.
131
6
191
151
690
98
.332
190
4
g:j8
388
34
287
5,424
.3,238
55J
1 050
63
2
443
608
187
489
503
939
798
4
74
63
526
143
1
382
1.347
493
68
786
10,271
508
18C
92
<;
218
173
183
4,200
306
+
1
200
120
3,783
1,982
508
187
489
503
939
526
1,347
10.271
♦Includes Burr fund. + Vacation. tShoe factory.
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IS H
261
MOVEMENT OF POPULATION.
Table XII. — Showing- the number of patients admitted to each
of the four state hospitals for the insane, from the date when
opened to June 30, 1890, the number of discharges and deaths
during the same period, and the number remaining Jane SO,
1890.
NOETHERN HOSPITAL-OPENED 1«72.
Years.
>
3
9.t
P-P
(1.05
^®
^S
O CD
03 &
S.
1^
o
%
g.
CD
O
o
<
1— 1
B
o
<
CD
P'
a
p
B
w
i-i
O
<
CD
o
P
P
S'
Improved and un-
improved trans-
ferred to other
hospitals
o
v
S
CD
p.
CD
1
P
p'
I?
1871-2
219
283
511
413
286
318
257
219
173
466
7
72
92
79
87
80
84
68
57
53
9
74
81
102
73
110
68
70
53
209
10
65
61
115
68
80
54
34
41
147
4
1
1
2
3
2
3
3
10
37
57
54
56
50
36
38
;J5
58
232
36
252
292
.361
286
323
244
213
189
467
183
1873-1 ... ....
214
1875-6
463
1877-8
525
1879-80 ...
.52.5
1881-2
520
1883-4
533
1885-{;
539
1887-8
523
889-90
239
227
522
Totals
239
227
3,175
679
849
675
19
431
232
2.653
522
EASTERN HOSPITAL-OPENED 1879.
>
^
t-3
W
M
B
«
O
<
d
!z!
a
Improv
impro
ferrec
hospit
|J
M
3
p-p
CD en
"^ CD
o
E
CD
«
o
S
S3
O CD
13"
1^
o
E
G.
B
CD
&
§
o
<
CD
s
1— 1
B
>-!
o
1
CD
3.
t-3
O fB
o
t
g.
S"
;
■B
-5
%
2
•i
B
CD
E.
B
I-!
6
!2J
p'
03
P
P
a'
•
Improved and un-
improvt d trans-
ferred to other
hospitals
1^
p
&
3!'
p-
p
>-.
R
a
3>
B
p
TO
1851-2
138
266
302
312
34
114
118
164
9
31
56
31
35
34
14
53
108
100
218
294
343
353
251
419
427
408
7
16
57
66
103
81
194
182
176
274
88
96
194
218
170
324
217
225
211
1,147
4
1
2
2
6
2
6
6
5
6
21
23
42
29
;»
42
48
46
78
107
104
149
171
201
213
245
369
334
415
■"i,'oi6
56
182
254
297
321
315
409
429
m,
662
666
735
962
1,075
984
1,330
1,296
1,429
82
1853-4
166
1855-(;
214
1857-8
229
1850-60
323 154
231
1861-2
386
40S
44(i
623
708
856
914
1,311
1,422
1,222
1,560
1,711
2,642
1,514
2,972
165
159
146
205
210
223
237
275
.331
360
368
405
421
302
1863-4
301
1865-fi ....
318
1867-8
406
18('9-70
452
1871-2
642
1873-4
821
1875-6
1,170
1877-8
1,517
1879-80
1,755
1881-2
1,985
1883-4
2,400
1885-6
3.613
1887-8
419 472
484 849
1,442 3,685
1889-90
1,956
1,016
2,900 3,757
Totals
1 956
1,016
20,036
4 992! 4.535
4,046
34
2,678
1,016
16,279 3.757
264
Table XIII. — Duration of Terms and Vacations.
1889.
Institution for the Deaf and Bunib. — Term of 1888-89 closed on Wednesday,
June 12, 1889. Vacation of thirteen weeks and six days. Term of 1889-90
opened on Wednesday, September 18, 1889.
Institution for the Blind. — Term of 1888-89 closed on Tuesday, June 4, 1889.
Vacation of fourteen weeks. Term of 1889-90 opened on Wednesday, Sep-
tember 11, 1889.
Asylum for Feeble-Minded Childre^i.— Term of 1888-89 closed on Thursday,
June 28, 1889. Vacation of nine weeks and four days. Term of 1889-90
opened on Wednesday, September 4, 1889.
Soldiers" Orphans'' Home. — Term of 1888-89 closed on Friday, June 14, 1889.
Vacation of twelve weeks and two days. Term of 1889-90 opened on
Monday, September 9, 1889.
1890.
Institution fm- the Deaf and Dumb. — Term of 1889-90 closed on Wednesday,
June 11, 1890. Vacation of thirteen weeks and six days. Term of 1890-91
opened on Wednesday, September 17, 1890.
Institution for the Blind.— Term of 1889-90 closed on Tuesday, June 3, 1890.
Vacation of fourteen weeks. Term of 1890-91 opened on Wednesday. Sep-
tember 10, 1890.
Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children. — Term of 1889-90 closed on Saturday,
June 28, 1890. Vacation of ten weeks and one day. Term of 1890-91
opened on Monday, September 8, 1890.
Soldiers' Orphans' Home. — Term of 1889-90 closed on Friday, June 20, 1890.
Vacation of eleven weeks and two days. Term of 1890-91 opened on Mon-
day, September 8. 1890.
265
Table |XIV. — Showing number of inmates admitted into eleven
state institutions, from each county in the state, between the
1st day of July, 1888, and the SOth day of June, 1889.
Counties.
p O •-!
o a ^
CO HI ce
«P&
p ro P
■a p ~
S-'P CD
DCD
w
p
?p"a>
Wi o
Rp-ri
p„®
O CD so
W,„o
p sS
CDO T
• |^ CO
(K -
1^
p
It)
3
1
i
7
2
It;
2
i
2
3
2
1
8
4
1
3
41
Alexander
i
11
Bond
2
4
Boone.
1
3
5
5
7
1
10
4
2
2
2
3
8
Bureau
3
2
2
23
Calhoun
8
Carroll
2
7
Cass
5
4
11
4
15
12
1
(i
157
5
13
2
8
1
i
5
1
7
10
ti
3
1
15
7
2
2
5
4
17
11
3
6
2
1
i
3
1
8
32
Christian
7
1
1
20
Clark
31)
Clay
2
16
Clinton
1
3
14
2
5
3
7
55
i
3
1
1
2
3
49
1
1
2
6
2
1
3
5
Coles
5
113
5
1
20
1
7
32
Cook
35
455
Crawford
4
3
13
Cumberland.. .
6
3
4
20
DeKalb
1
1
2
4
17
Dev^ itt
4
23
Douglas
1
1
8
4
1
1
1
15
DuPage
4
1
Edgar
1
19
Edwards
1
EtHngbam
4
3
9
3
5
1
2
2
3
15
Fayette
i
1
15
Ford
2
19
Franklin
1
i
1
1
1
1
i
.3
2
1
3
12
Fulton
1
1
8
'■■'io
1
1
1
2
28
Gallatin
G
Greene
1
1
17
Grundy
11
2
3
1
28
Hamilton
t)
6
2
1(
Hancock
2
1
2
18
Hardin
Henderson
4
2
i
i
4
2
4
i
i
1
5
i
2
5
2
1
4
2
ti
I
1
2
2
1
8
4
6
1
7
4
(i
15
, 2
ir.
2
2
1
4
Henry
4
17
2
8
1
23
Iroquois
27
Jackson
8
2
2
i
1
1
1
14
Jasper
i
3
5
17
2/
3
3
9
18
14
1
7
2
18
20
5
5
11
13
1
3
15
3
1
1
28
Jefferson
2
4
39
Jersey
l,"-
3
1
2
6
14
2
1
n
Johnson
3
It)
Kane
23
1
1
2
5t)
Kankakee
33
Kendall
1
5
Knox
14
1
1
a--
Lake
1
13
2
13
1
5
8
2
2
1
3
4
1
<
LaSalle
2
1
1
2
3
4
1
1
i
3
57
4
•?,q
Lee
T,
1
2
1
1
;^4
Livingston
21
Logan
7
15
7
7
31
Macon
1
3
i
3
5f
Macoupin
13
Madison
10
4
3
37
Marion
29
Marshall
1
17
Mason
4
1
Massac
2
it
1
1
McDonough
1
2
1
3
i
2
8
3
3
7
Q
ir
McHenry
3
3
5
7
13
5
4
14
McLean
18
7
6
(!
i
2
51
Menard
1,-
Mercer
i
1
1.^
Monroe
1
1
ItJ
Montgomery
6
3
8
4
1
ir
Morgan
17
1
(>
2 2
3f
Moultrie
2
.... k
17
Ogle
2
3
It
266
Table Z/7.— Concluded .
Counties.
Eastern
Insane
Hospital.
Northern
Insane
Hospital.
Cent! al
Insane
Hospital.
S-'O ct>
p_CDg
C p
c"p
• a
a.
W
p
m^ o
• en x_
q = »=
7 '^
O cbSO
■ 5 <».
1^
o
Peoria
18
4
13
6
7
1
4
5
14
7
■ 12
1
1
2
20
1
1
12
48
Perry
6
28
Piatt
1
3
13
Pike
1
1
32
Pope
19
Pulaski
4
i
1
2
2
1
5
6
Putnam
1
1
5
11
2
7
2
i
2
4
Randolph
1
2
2
9
1
i
2
14
Richland
1
11
Rock Island
17
5
1
1
40
Saline
7
Sangamon
20
2
2
1
2
1
3
2
i
2
20
3
3
2
1
28
9
1
7
58
Schuyler
8
Scott
3
7
Shelby
11
18
33
Stark
3
4
St. Clair
14
4
1
1
2
2
5
3
2
2
10
1
7
4
9
2
3
20
7
13
1
2
2
2
1
C
52
Stephenson
9
7
23
Tazewell
6
8
1
25
Union
12
Vermilion
17
1
1
1
3
45
Wabash
8
1
3
Warren
i
3
1
1
3
21
Washington
3
1
1
7
17
8
6
3
6
4
3
16
Wavne
1
2
15
White
8
Whiteside
4
1
1
2
It)
Will
1
1
2
2
42
Williamson
2
18
Winnebago
8
6
3
37
Woodford
2
1
7
Totals
120
399
291
157
74
29
55
82
751
165
395
2,518
267
Table XV. — Showing' number of inmates admitted into eleven
state institutions, from each count v in the state, between the
1st day of July, 1889, and the SOth day of June, 1890.
Coiintjes.
O 3 O
tc en H
WhhW
o p p
'fi !si in
E-P5
55® P
O D (^
02 CB 2
SP "•
B CD P,
l-H ^1
opg
SB p-
-" p
SB*
p'
Q. !
■ i
is?'
220)
w5?I
p &•=:
s; p CD
CD j3 ►,
Soldiers'
& Sailors'
Home.
State
Reform
School.
Eye
and Ear
Inflrmarv.
35
4
10
1
1
2
5
2' *36
8j 3
7.5
1
4
2
22
Bond
..1
14
8
1
13
8
1
2
1
4
2
1
1
7
8
2
3
1.5
30
2
14
.55
Calhoun
1
Carroll
8
5
2
10
4
4
4
1
13
i;i7
18
13
8
5
10
3
1
1
9
14
4
2
13
2
r>
13
1
5
5
3
2
1^
Cass. .
5
1
2
3
99
11
1
2
38
11
1
1
i
1
21
1
2?
Clark
19
1
1
4
H^
Clay
4
7
1
It
Clinton
2
07
1
5
55
1
4
1
5
V
CoIps
21
Sit.")
1
It;
4f
Cook
4
17
ti
71 f
18
11
3^
W
DeKalb
13
1
%
DeWitt
13
19
1
2-
1
1
i
1
3^
18
5
1
?y
Edgar
18
2
1
27
4
5
Efflnt;ham
19
1
2
.3
1
2
i
3(
Fayette... .
l.'i
3
Ford
8
1.^
Fr nklin .
8
i
2
1
2
4
2
5
1?
Fulton ....
24
1
5
.51
1(
Gieene
10
1
1
2
3
2h
8
1
2'
Hamilton
■■"is
8
1
1
2
1
4
1
1'
1
2^
4
5
4
(1
3
1
14
21
4
3
7
l(i
17
1
9
4
21
K)
13
12
4
8
!t
2
20
2
4
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
15
r,\
3
1
1
4
0(
11
2
21
1«
2;
17
1
1
■X
()
?.f
*;
1
2
i
3
3
1
1"
IT>
2'
10
r
Kane
38
1
2
i
3
3
2
3
3
1
2
(i
1
•0
(!.'
12
:3.
Kendall.
!)
V.
Knox
2(i
2
2
3
4
22
2<
LaSalle
41
2
2
2
3
T
G
2.
20
1
1
1
2
i
5
3
i
2
5
4
9
4
5
14
1
2
2
1
5
1
5
4
4
10
2
11
2
4
4(
9
1
1
1
1
9
10
3
Logan . .
12
2
2:3
(i8
3
4(
i
13
1
3
1
•X
9.
3
2:3
1
4
1
2
'■■'iit
3
1
1
1
1'
2
«
McHenry
14
1
74
3
9
3
13
1
:5
i
1
2'
McLean
4
1
10
■i
i(
1'
.'i
1
1
1
11
8
1
1
2
9
.5
4
2
1
3
1
2-
12
2
Ogle
17
1
i
]
2"
268
Table XN .—Concluded.
Counties.
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i;P£--r'0O3-. roc. o -i— ^
— ^ >.
O IM W 1.-5 rt F-; p. 5= .
'H
•^C s-
-r rt 1-. — . o t^ > C3 ■
gW a :
OOO-r
•o-r-^o
00
05 05 S ^ -= ^
•» o 5
o
£d. -
7. :S-5o 5
3 33 :5 x; ,»z; rz^ ~ ~ o i
^
:^^^
^P
'^^^
275
Table XYlll.— Showing number of innmtes actwiUy jjivsent on
the 30th dtiy of June, 1889, in eleven stcite institutions, from
each county in the stiite.
Counties.
p (B >-:
o p p
•Ji a; en
£® p
S-'P Q
Blind.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Soldiers'
Orphans'
Homo.
Fechle-
Minded
Children.
2 p P
O a ~ 3 O ■-!
TO -
o
p
24
j
5
e
2
12
3
("i
1
4<;
10
2
2
12
-170
59
3
1
3
3
4
4
10
4«
2
143
19
10
3«
jjond
1
1
2
22
'
Ford ....
41
'"32
""25
14
3
4
2
1
3
3
i
5
7
i
2
2
9
3
"it;
2
6
■ 3
1
5
4
10
2
2
3
1
8
3
2
12
1
1
8
4
8
1
7
3
8
20
4
37
2
1
2
4
4
18
3
4
8
U
Fulton
5
76
Gallatin
10
17
2
1
4-
1
3
2.'i
""32
9
35
14
5!
Hancook
2
2
2:
9
i:-
Henderson
1
3
4
G
1
2
2
i>
17
52
4
1
2
11
5
18
53
27
19
67
1
20
50
7
10
20
;53
4
4
4
6(
(;:•
""i4
io
9
17
3."
Jasper .
5
i
1
1
1
3
1
2(
27
5
3
•Xi
11
\^
10
2i
39
2
1
:i
3
3
4
1
12
6
2
x
1
4
4
1
8
]
1
2
3
^
" "37
1
1
fi-
8
ll
2
•1
4
1
1
1
7
2
1
1
2
1
4
1
9
-1
s
Lake .
12
44
3!
121
11
2.^
Lee
19
57
6
1 .otran
2(1
3]
33
""20
10
5S.
V&
Macoupin
6(
-12
17
12.
M.irion
1
3
37
2li
26
17
3
]
1
3
1
3
27
McDonou"!!
8
7
2(
7
7
l
4
U
23
4{
IS
1
3'J
McLean
50
13
18
""2.5
39
7
i
4
m
2!
Mercer
1
1
3r
17
2i
MontKom"rv
1
2
.■>
T
2
4
31
6!
12
2i 2(
Ogle
If
3
2
3' 'X.
276
Table A' F//7.— Concluded.
Counties.
rtSi ft
EB O 2
opp
J5 X tn
■^ M r^
5.-P2
PCDp
^5^9
CO en a
W B g-
P CD ?i
•d ?: tr
S-'P CD
t^ P
p-p
w
p'
p.
CD a ►-!
OS ra
•-•
03^ -
Peoria
2
6
44
34
5
2
4
1
2
2
6
3
1
28
1
87
Perry
ii
1
26
Piatt
1 1
2 10
t
19
Pike
8
4
1
1
4
2
68
Pope
9
8
12
Pulaski
4
4
3 2
18
Putnam
2
1
5
1
8
7
Randolph
5
4
30
23
14
5
38
Richland
1
2
2
5
i
1
2
10
5
1
1
3
i
3
4
3
25
Rock Island
1
4
' 92
Saline
13
1
2! 2
19
Saneamon
20
4
5
55
14
12
7
3
2
7
2
5
3
6
2
7
4
i
2
36
6
4
4
2
24
5
8
2
7
1
2
2
2
2
5
1
6
6
128
Schuyler
28
Scott
25
Shelby
15
32
Stark
6
I
12
St. Clur
28
17
12
2
63
43
2
2
2
1
1
1
4
5
2
3
9
1
1
1
3
4
6
9
1
115
Stephenson
21
53
Tazewell
21
56
Union
20
1
8
32
Verm lion
88
Wabash
11
Wari en
15
9
2
3
17
80
7
21
13
18
1
2
3
1
3
3
3
2
44
Washington
1-
18
Hi
32
^'^ayne
4
3
35
\/hite
24
Whiteside
21
2
4
1
3
2
1
50
Will
97
Williamson
19
32
Winnebaso
26
65
Woodford
19
3
42
1
Totals
552
1,671
925
638
361 J 75
151
332 638
5,424.
277
Table XIX. — Showins>; number of inmates actually present on
the 30th day of June, 1890, in eleven state institutions, from
each county in the state.
Counties.
en x. ^
p 0) --!
Ea-tern
Ins ne
Hospital.
^^9
?2 ^
032
P (S -!
s
p'
1— — CB
Soldiers'
Orphans'
H me.
■II
S*ate
Reform
School
■ 5^-
1^
Adams
7
76
2
1
3
3
t
2
1
1
2
14
2
53
5
4
145
22
18
47
Bond
as
Boone
15
15
Brown
14
1
3
2
3
5
6
1
3
15
13
4
5
20
Bur au
44
56
Calhoun
9
12
Carroll
19
1
1
1
2
i
1
2
7
7
5
26
( ass
15
3
8
6
2
1
5
8
81
1
7
9
4
11
5
7
14
\
4
■■■"io
48
Champaign
50
89
Christian
27
46
Clark
24
48
Cliv
15
19
19
Clinton
2
4
99
2
4
6
1
3
1
31
Coles
27
731
15
11
1
17
21
4
13
2
1
9
129
2
59
Cook
Crawford ,
5
1
1
1,074
23
Cumberland
""iii
19
DeKalb
4
1
3
5
4
1
2
6
7
1
5
40
DeWitt
2
33
Douglas
1
1
1
1
6
27
DuPage
24
34
Edgar
26
47
Edwards
5
6
Effingham
23
4
3
4
1
4
3
1
32
Fayette
26
41
Ford
30
41
Fianklln
20
3
5
1
■■■'is
3
13
3
2
7
2
4
4
1
4
1
1
14
3
1
6
2
2
12
4
9
1
7
4
18
14
6
37
2
3
4
2
7
5
10
7
7
15
2 '
"3
(1
24
Fulton
i
50
10
1
90
Gal at in
13
17
Greene
5
22
28
4
1
3
53
Grundy
1
1
i
3
2
3
27
Hamilton
16
22
Hancock
42
3
-
56
Hardin
12
18
Henderson
12
1
4
4
7
1
5
22
Henry
48
1
55
57
Iroquois
7
4
i
4
67
Jackson
27
3
2
T
3
1
]
2
3
1
45
Jasper
16
22
JelTerson
18
26
Jersey
16
6
5
41
JoDaviess
27
37
Johnson
15
i
2
10
5
21
Kane
(il
6
1
1
6
2
5
3
2
2
14
6
3
8
6
2
3
3
3
1
9
(i
1
2
6
87
Kankakee
48
1
1
58
Kendall
16
20
Knox
1
2
82
52
4
9
11
4
1
8
13
o
3
1
5
5
3
2
T
2
3
4
6
4
1
8
1
7
3
82
Lake
,S2
4
43
LaSalle
120
Lawrence
13
33
Lee
35
1
48
1
43
4
52
Livingston
61
Logan
33
2
47
64
76
Macon
88
Macoupin
(!(i
Madison
1
27
117
Marion
5
2
4
2
2
3
13
6
49
Marshall
19
1
4
20
30
Mason
3
1
2
2
1
4
1
1
33
Massac
19
28
McDonough
33
47
McHonry
25
1
i
76
36
McLean
116
Menard
15
21
29
Mercer
1
35
Monme
17
33
Montgomery
2'.t
3;^
1
4
3
3
2
5
3
1
5
2
Morgan
72
Mouitrie
11
22
Ogle
29
4
45
278
Table Z/X.— Concluded.
Counties.
?i'3 CD
as CD >-:
Cfi rsi (K
pCD^
■2.95 2-
=^'P CD
P CI ^
OCD
CDg^CD
C2C
td-i
g -CD
cD CD 5r
OgCD
^33
D —CD
CDO -1
Peoria
51
6
2
4
5
7
7
3
3
34
2
5
17
101
Perry
21
30
Pintt
18
2
38
1
6
1
1
1
1
33
Pike
4
1
. 2
68
P.pe
14
13
23
Pulaski
8
1
1
7
2
10
2
36
7
5
4
4
30
5
9
3
12
1
4
1
2
1
2
11
1
5
8
''4
Putnam
7
Ranriolph
33
5
45
Richland
21
1
9
1
5
1
1
3
6
28
Eoelc Island
52
9
4
4
95
Saline
12
15
Sangamon
5
62
211
12
7
3
2
7
2
5
3
5
(>
7
3
1
1
119
Schuyler
31
Scott
5
2
24
Shelby
17
5
2
37
Stark
1
15
St. Clair
80
8
8
4
1
132
Stephenson
34
46
Tazewell
34
8
1
4
3
6
3
60
Union
21)
1
10
32
Vermilion
58
1
1
2
14
1
2
97
Wabash
16
Warren
1
2!)
1
1
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
45
Washington
26
21
18
28
Wavne
3
1
3
3
2
2
1
5
6
1
4
8
33
White
1
1
80
30
Whiteside
31
2
45
Will
101
Williamson
22
30
Winnebago
36
1
2}
3
3
2
58
Woodford
3
41
Totals
522
1,687
912
627
1
391
320
137
382
786
5,765
279
00
00
c
C
of
■l
go:)
c
Hi
a.
C3
C
X
oa
Total.
Soldiers'
and Bailors'
Home
i-H t>. r- .CO(MCO*If*
i^55COOOC-.&CiiOOCOOOOiOOO--0
Feeble-
Minded
Children.
Blintl
■^ i:^ -^ 00 O OC' rH O C5 t^ IJ OUO i-> C-.
*rCOodLC-^'^tOCO*-Cr-1t>-rH'^CO(M O
Oi^cooooiioo-^CiCDa; cscooic
ioooo5oa;co5Nioo-'!t"t^C4
irac^>5 0'. t~toc-. t>-oct~-io-
S?S5
Deaf anu
Dumb..
lO cr. in ot ci ci r-( d <
Southern In-
sane Hos-
pital
Oi— .S : :o ::::;: :
: : -a^ ■ -3
:'S :f I : :;5 ■•■••■■ •
cccc^o..- ...... .
>S
280
Oi
GO
OS
O
■^0
eg
o
c
a
c;
o
O
CO
Total.
Soldier^'
and Bailors'
Home
State K'fo m
School
Charitab'e
Kyeand Ear
Intirmary ••
Soldie s'
Orphans'
Home
Feeble
Mm ed
Chi dren..
Blind
D af and
Dumb
Snuthern In-
s ne Hos-
pital
Central In-
sane Hos-
pital
Easte n In-
sane Hos-
pital
Northern In-
sane Hos-
pital ,
-- oj od o r-1 55 ■-■5 1.-: ^' (N 20 co — 1-<' o
e35i
^>-^rTO — -T^s-.ccoooooi-oi— cioOT
— ' ^ «d -^ r-< -^ lii 00 06 1-^ •-= 'or-Tui
= 21 ^1 1-1 IM T O
— CO-^OOOO-rCOtOCMl.tSqOi— iCCrH
t>. — I-H -Tl— 1
(M i-( q-.
-T — -^ OC -^ --
>^; 15 1» ■ ■? t^ -
OOOCOiO *lCO-^*l-i-HJ-Or-4 00CO^
— 00 l-H -T Oq -5> CO
r»oo — coefl — o-^-co^iOooo-^o
53 u- -^ 10 i-I ~- IN r«-' o ' -o -a- ej 1-i ci
00II NrH 1-1 N ^ W
r^Ni— I — •-Ot-NOOOOOiOlOOCON
CO— — 0!0 -Nw-T-O-O-T-T — l>
CO c: 10 V^ —06 io -^ --o ei i-I lo -o
Ni-C
00 (i '-2 i?^ 3; 1^ "'' <5 N N -o -o 10 O-. (N
OXiCt^IS^OCCOOir. -^NCO-tO
8
g:0O— l-H &5 rH (N — •<)<
N CO N
- oocoio--oooooi-(f^-j5-ocooe- -O I— t ^^ C~. OC' C; 00 T 10
CO— OOO1— lOOCOr — TN-o-^r: N-o
— .-jri I* I— I »-- — —
NCO
£»i-l .-1 IM
000-45 00lOS>t^«ICO-TCOOO-rOC-f
— 00OC0(M-O-T10-O — — OC-.COi-H
— ' C-J t^ si r-c oi r-i -^ O: CO 06 CO 06 i-H-^
NCO f-H
cosic co-oc^ooi^-jTt;o-r(NNto
OJOOi-llOOiC — 3;0000>-i-.COO-TCm
-r CO O O i-i t>^ •^' CO r-^ N S: co" O i-< 10
oc— — i-c I-I (Mi-cr- CO
NN
■ji : ai -s. • Ui ^ O! "tcic
c: ^ s ot;c G c: : : q o a
o iijc::3o3o pso
CL, (i.|1h;5O'Ph;z;0-i ;z;c!3(aH
.— CD
3'5-rT; 5
r;3 ™*3 33 ^^ CC CC M J"
t- O »•--- d S 1-^ O (T 3.a Ul>,3
281
CO
C
O
Sid' o
O
■^00
00
s
o
X
X
05
Total .
Soldiers'
and Sailors
Home
State Reform
School . . .
Charitable
Eye and Ear
Infirmary .
Soldiers'
Orphans'
Home ...
Feeble-
Minded
Children...
BUnd
Deaf
and Dumb.
Southern In-
sane Hos-
pital
Central In-
sane Hos-
pital
Eastern In-
sane Hos-
pital ,
Northern In-
sane Hos-
pital
00 W CO O LT I'l r-l lO 00 Cf. 00 — »- ' "
o 54 -.= c) r-. -T (~ c5 cc o -.a o — 00
QCr-r-t I— lO^iO r-ii-H COi— I
CO'-.r.-r I- I--J i~ s.
iooocor-i5qaoo5i-i-^eo(M-j;r«-)<
10C4 0^1— ICO rHi— 1^.— lO]
ooco^H-fooo'-cr>-T— (lO-^o^
CO'OOiOOO-— :OrH:OlOi— IrHOO
iMcot^ooo-ooo-roco-fC
coxj'oo-Hcor^'M^iocococ
lO O r-li-c
^ — ^ -.C' r» CO t^ C-.
^3
Hi-H (Mi-iiO
05-*ooooocr. -fco
Oio-jSr-r-oocq
J=10r-( 00 lO
o C0 1-1
t» ~t--l
COOl o
— ■ 00
1-1 CO
c: 00
CI •
o
CO. i-i
liCi^OOOOiO
lOCOi-H^O
00 I— « i^ -^ iO
IM oooo
1— o;oouciio. — . I>. O -^ 00 I
rHCOi-lr-COOi-i-l-r rl»diO-.C
t^di— I iMdOS Cq
r^or-oior^-'Motoiocicooo
t>-iOr>.>— i0C-J5'M«O
cs a: C-. CO to -r C-. --0
§;;::;
r~ i-H ri cq lO
<=■ O -I- 00 —
t^ lO -)< -O ffl
C-. 00 00
— C-. 00 --C
r^ lo ~.
CI CO 1-1
5 "
cqS>-OfeHP5c>SWc»aj-t1fa
03 (T
oo
It H
282
^
q^
li-
-^
1)
j^
O
•15
Ci
O
c«
M
+o
'So'
C«CO
1;^
(A'
Sx
R
q;
I^
i^^
c^
c
«
-40
O
rr
Ci
'r^
jri
on
y
T^
li
^
r-i
v^
o
t»^
'*<'
SiJ
»
S5^
o
o
^
s^
O
-ti
^
?i
C
cr^
(JS
c.
i-b
?
^i
C-1
0:
O
<1>
-c:
io
&r
C3
^
(a
m
Total.
Soldiers'
and Sailors'
Home
State Reform
School
Chiritable
Eye and Ear
Infirmary ..
Soldiers'
Orphans'
Home
Feeble-
Minded
Children...
Blind
D af and
Dumb...
Southern In-
sane Hos-
pital
Central In-
sane Hos-
pital ,
Eastern In-
sane Hos-
pital
Northern In
sant^ Hos-
pital
•.C-^>-l-^lOi-l-T00-^tOt>-(M.-IO-,
CCt>.rt ffqCJCO i-Hi— I coi-H-*eOrHMCCL'3<>Jr»
0OC-. r^io5ei
VO CO 't I— rt
t>" O CO O: Ci
COOi-l-f (M
ai o I— < 00 o
OrtOCOCi— ICCIMCOtCOC. CT-. COlO
to — . r-t !-( -
rH COrHrH
COtOi— 'COCOCT. OOI^.OOCO^^C'ICOM
O -r rH (M CO CO
i-H CoJ
00 ei!N
00 -^rH ci
i-O l-O
t^ to
CO co•I^^
CQ COr
0-. CO
■=0-
COl-H
rC;oat^
t~COOi-HCOt»01MO-»COtOCO-y
rt-Tio-i-c-iMcoo -t>-M-ra-. CO
COi-HOV rHC^-TCTlO •00-1'COCO-^
coco 1-HC^iO
s2 ■tc'^
(MO 00
o
s
■ d
It's bl^'5 tS-S S':^ JjS W)_"S
p. p.
cc 03
O O
283
q
ts
cc
^^
Cl
•"-M
n
03
o
%
'^
Qi
o
c«
-♦^
llJ
ita^
iC:
- i.t C-. r: •-' C-. oC' 00 a-, oo 00
-t ^1 w -r (M T f— c^ 00 ^. O f ^ —
■ oi CO -* o" ' CO r-( ■-< e-i ei ' cj »j
:c5op
t>-oq-T
•iMM
■(^^|^i
-f LO -r -^
C-. 00'
i-O C-. (M
00 CO CO
oosr. o
^ CO --c r» 1-H --c "^
-3- O S-- -O ■* CO C.
CO -f O 05 OJ — -O
00 00 = — Lo -* -r
00 ^H CO' 0^ I— 1 r-» 1-0
co"eioTso eir-"
»0 -t lO r-< r
Olr-lrHOJ
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discharged
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Died
Insane
gl'-' -.^^ : :
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hospitaler
almshouse
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without
N
trial
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Out on bail.
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Committed dur-
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ing year
Present April 1,
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trial
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discharged
Witness ...
Died
Insane
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310
Table XXIX. — Showing- the amounts paid for maintenance,
for outdoor relief, and the salaries of ahnshouse-keepers and
the amount paid for repairs and improvements of county jails,
Counties.
Paupek Expenses.
For year
ending.
Mainten-
ance of
almshouses
Repairs
and im-
provements
Outdoor
relief.
Total.
Adams
Alexander (St. Mary's).
Bond
B"one
Brown
Bureau
Calhoun
Carroll
Cass
Champaign -
Chi-istian
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Coles
Cook Infirmary
Cook Insane Asylum..,
Cook County Hospital
Crawford
Cumberland
D Kalb
Dewitt
Douelas
DuPage
Edgar
Edwards
Effingham
Fayette
Ford
Franklin
Fulton
Gallati
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Henderson
Henry
IroQuois
Jackson
Jasper
Jeffei-son
Jersey
JoDaviess ..
Johnson
Kane
Kankakee....
Kendall
Knox
Lake
LaSalle
Lawi'ence . . .
l.ee
Livingston . .
Logan
Macon
Macoupin
Madison
Marion
Marshall ....
Mason
Massac
McDonough
McHenry
McLean
Menard
Mercer
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Feb.
Dec.
April
Sept.
Sept.
Dec.
Sept.
April
Nov.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Ian.
Jan.
Jan.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
May
Nov.
July
Dec.
Sept.
June
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Mar.
Sept.
Dec.
Sept.
Mar.
Sept.
Dec.
April
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
April
Sept.
Mar.
Dec.
Dec.
April
April
Sept.
July
Sept.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Jan.
Nov.
Sept.
Sept.
April
Sept.
Jan.
S 'pt.
June
April
June
June
July
1,1889
1,1889
1,1889
21), 1890
1,1880
1.1890
1,1889
1,1889
1,1889
1.1889
1,1890
30,1889
1,1889
1,1889
1,1889
1,1890
1,1890
1,1890
1,1889
1,1889
1,1889
1,1890
30,1889
1,1890
1,1889
1,1889
1.1800
1,1889
1,1890
1,1889
2,1880
1,1890
1,1889
1,1889
1,1889
1,1890
1,1889
1,1889
1,1800
1.1889
1,1889
1,1889
1,1890
1.1889
1,1890
1,1889
1,1889
30,1890
1,1890
1,1889
1,1890
1,1SS9
30, 1889
31,1889
1,1800
1,1800
30,1889
1.1880
1,1880
1,1800
1,1890
1.1800
30,1SOO
1,1800
1,1890
1,1800
1,1800
1,1800
^,486 60
1,038 25
1,385 04
926 40
1,230 .^5
2,650 28
1,290 50
1,829 06
2,174 56
2,866 99
892 44
2,642 25
902 83
1,090 03
895 43
110,131 12
161,696 16
162,247 35
787 90
222 25
2,101 46
724 20
634 27
2,926 35
4,743 48
9 5 94
923 65
2,940 14
884 25
4,700 00
1,385 52
1,432
2,7-56 19
1,082 42
2,312 75
268 18
3,349 20
10,194 78
3,622 59
2.371 72
395 69
1,.393 12
1,664 .32
3.946 69
707 56
8,632 51
9,579 93
5,455 73
12,88:3 83
878 92
5,565 48
3, 005 57
5,844 73
1,201 53
3,843 10
5,158 90
1,953 68
3,261 72
2,084 6
454 32
4,682 58
3,682 09
7,663 57
2.134 a-)
999 93
S25 00
501 15
32 00
92 77
47 45
61 91
45 73
4,397 90
12 40
58 84
459 95
111 49
1,011 30
3,680 00
254 01
1,700 00
3,406 91
850 00
914 39
1,635 CO
2.049 58
3,457 79
135 01
173 70
22,924 35
1,239 40
817,298 10 !
2,788 41 1
2,017 23 1
1,495 41
215 86i
14,531 301
1,486 78;
1,552 03'
4.379 74'
8.694 36
3,518 35
4,787 08
3,347 50
2,0.>'7 77
10,812 .55
118,495 27
834 52
2.304 98
5,88:3 34
2,723 96
4,695 33
449 01
10,722 84
529 45
3,815 65
1.367 68
5,002 50
765 09
11.901 20
500 00
6, ,500 63
6,990 98
2,237 04
4,312 72
253 52
1,862 50
9,468 49
4,014 80
2,524 30
2.045 05
4,172 96
3,948 26
1,294 48
911 19
18,968 61
1,921 71
3,690 78
2,063 25
4,053 81
22,345 06
2,308 40
7,194 80
7,504 80
9,306 26
16,135 97
5,453 15
13,167 45
3,327 16
2,5a3 m
2,250 42
1.139 69
7,758 10
4,330 12
7.140 44
4,242 36
3,549 50
323,784 70
3,826 66
3,402 27
2,421 81
1.476 41
17,181 58
2,802 28
3,381 09
7,146 45
11,561 35
4,410 79
7,430 23
4,281 33
4, 170 57
11,707 98
228,676 39
161,696 16
162,247 42
1,622 42
2,574 68
8,046 71
3,493 89
5,320 60
7,773 26
15,466 32
1.477 70
4,708 14
4,307 82
5, 002 50
1,649 34
16,601 20
1,885 52
8,393 46
9,857 66
4,330 76
6,625 47
521 70
8,891 70
19,663 27
7,637 39
4,896 11
2,441 64
5,820 09
7,312 58
5,241 17
1,618 75
31.008 03
1,021 71
3.600 78
11,643 18
10,359 54
36,144 18
3.187 32
14,305 :37
10,510 37
15,150 99
17,337 50
9.206 25
20,375 93
5,280 84
9,303 19
4,470 10
1,704 01
12, 614 :38
8,012 21
37, 726 36
7,618 31
4.549 43
311
and repairs and improvements of almshouses ; the amounts paid
county physicians ; the allowance per day for dieting prisoners ;
and the amounts paid for other jail expenses for one year.
Salary or contract
of keeper.
Salary of
county phy-
sician.
Jail Expenses.
Per diem
for dieting
prisoners.
Dieting
prisoners.
Repairs
and im-
provem'ts
Other
expenses.
Total.
per annum.
5M20 per an.
per an.
iSaoo per annum
$850 per an. for all sent
&500 per annum
?900 per annum
$1.75 per \vk. per in. . .
^50 per annum !S^50 per an
$2.50 per \vk. per in. .. $125 per an
Vb per an...
S70 per an...
S^lOO per an. .
$700 ler annum
«600 per annum
$2.25 per wk. per in. ..
*?1.10 per wk. per in..
*»].00perwk. iierin..
*70c per week per in .
$1,800 per annum
$2,000 per annum....
$2, 000 per annum
*57c per week per in.
$1.40 per wk. per in. . .
$900 per annum
$600 per annum
$600 per annum
$800 per annum
$1,600 per annum
$600 per annum
$1.50 per week per in.
$300 per annum
$200 per an.
$75 per an..
125 per an. ,
35to40cts.
40 cents ..
60
.50
75
50
55
50
40
50
50
50
50
60
50
25
*$1.75 per week per in
$700 per annum
$1.49 per week per in.
$2.00 per week ler in.
$1.85 per week per in.
"$50 per an. per in
$600 per annum
$8.00 per mo. pbr in ..
$800 per annum
$1,200 i)or annum
$750 per annum
$1.75 per week per in.
*81.50 per week per in
*75c per week per in .
*95c per wk. per in.,
$2 per wk., insane..
$500 per annum
*$1.12i^ per WK. per in
$1,278 per annum
$1,000 per annum
$50 per an...
$75 per an...
$80 per an...
$45 per an...
$200 per an...
$:^9 per an....
$150 per an...
$200 per an...
$1..50 per visit.
$120 p.-r an...
1,049 20
608 60
408 95
510 50
750 00
19 85
.388 .50
582 .55
1,328 68
908 00
435 80
405 25
518 .55
1.226 .50
29,546 65
$75 per an.
$145 per an..,
$30n per an, . ,
$195 per an..,
$150 per an. ..
$125 per an..,
$75 per an...
per an...
$800 per annum i$250 per »n...
$800 pr annum |$100 per an...
$1,000 per annum i$400 per an...
*91c per wk. piM- in ... |
$1,200 per annum $200 per an...
S()00 per annum !$2.")0 per an..,
$.300 pi'r annum iS145 per an...
$1,000 per annum [$.500 per an...
$.55" per annum $130 per an...
15 ■ per day per in !$500 per an...
$500 per annum $150 per an...
$600 per annum I
$800 per annum i$150 per an...
*$1.00 per wu. per in. . i$2.50 per au. ..
$1,000 per annum '175 per an
$1,1 00 per annum 'By visit
$1,000 per annum.... $400 per an...
$1.45 per wk. per in. . .
$800 per armum I
45 cents
60
45
50
50
50
65 . "
60
50
50
50
50
50
45
45
50
50
50
60
146 10
256 15
426 50
1,017 70
1,042 35
1,208 33
1, 156 00
152 40
417 10
508 75
203 00
120 50
948 05
1,000 00
1,548 52
1,897 95
579 75
665 Oi
117 55
50 cents
50
30
.50
60
50
40
50
50
50
50
60
a5
50
50
50
40
50 ''
50
a5
50
a5
40
.5(t
50
50
65
50
40
.50
679 80
238 40
850 60
477 90
367 2i
237 75
1,027 00
194
3,706 50
812 50
587 40
1.620 10
1,348 00
3,681 50
707 14
1,162 40
341 50
936 20
3,414 (i7
853 00
1,.5:« ,55
807 20
1,33 80
894 60
369 00
666 95
706 .50
3,627 09
173 75
221 75
$90 90
.57 15
40 00
$631 96
53 33
80 92
3,000 00
30 55
44 95
3 00
8 75
18 85
48 55
77 30
4 50
15 00
69 70
895 1)2
346 08
423 04
139 .57
284 00
247 05
150 00
137 12
16 75
6 45
1,196 03
22 37
179 48
13 30
156 86
709 75
1 75
60 00
49 78
760 00
196 27
278 99
757 87
1,414 24
16 70
57 .50
192 95
1.54 49
23 a5
449 78
253 65
382 91
393 43
128 45
105 6i
25 00
95 .55
212 21
100 93
71 50
341 2f
61 60
453 .55
2i8 39
,53 16
210 &5
512 19
33 47
196 40
114 ;«
213 70
121 86
102 95
19 40
120 70
ti 25
287 72
588 41
.56 65
36 79
235 41
51 10
226 05
75 .55
70 15
115 84
690 45
21 00
334 79
69 90
29 65
1,029 01
301 46
848 69
587 71
606 39
57 21
131 oO
544 17
297 95
121 95
364 17
m 09
53 40
9 70
8.52 .55
98 36
2.653 38
14 00
124 06 I
$2,731 75
1,159 68
729 52
408 95
562 40
827 30
24 35
3, 403 50
(i52 25
2,224 60
1,284 63
903 79
547 82
811 30
1,492 40
29,546 65
148 90
256 15
1,336 50
1,351 09
1,338 09
1,972 65
3,766 27
169 10
49() 97
881 18
370 79
143 85
1,.590 69
1,253 65
2,641 18
2.293 13
758 20
820 48
142 55
1.010 76
.501 71
1,177 58
553 45
508 90
3.53 61
2,0.58 70
277 15
4,041 29
882 40
617 05
3, 102 66
1,897 55
4,. 583 .35
1.505 70
2,280 98
4.32 18
],2r)3 60
4,073 17
1,364 65
1,783 36
1,274 32
219 29
1,068 70
384 95
1,807 22
804 86
6,868 88
244 40
382 40
312
Table XXIX
Counties.
Pauper Expenses.
For year
ending.
Mainten-
ance of
almshouses
Eepairs
and im-
provements
Outdoor
relief.
Total.
Monroe
Montgomery.
Morgan
Moultrie
Ogle
Peoria
Perry
Piatt
Pike
Pope
Pulaski
Putnam
Kandolph
Bichland
Rock Island .
Saline
Sangamon . . .
Schuyler
Scott
Shelby
Stark
St. Clair
Stephenson . .
Tazewell
Union
Vermilion
"Wabash
Warren
Washington
Wayne
White
Whiteside. ..
Will
Williamson.
Winnebago .
W oodford., . .
Sept. 1,1889
Sept.
Sept.
Dec.
May
Sept.
S^-pt.
Sept.
May
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Mai-.
Mar.
Nov.
June
May
April
Sept.
Dec.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept. 1
Sept. 1
Nov. 31
Sept. 1
Mar. 31
Sept. 30
July 1
April 1
Sept. 1
1889
1889
1889
1890
1889
1889
1889
1890
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1890
1890
1889
1890
1890
1890
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1890
1889
1889
1890
1890
Totals
$2,439 36
2,390 34
8,418 05
745 29
3,799 99
11,019 75
1,271 31
2,466 92
4,059 67
600 18
245 98
2,721 26
582 67
9, 712 60
1,7.51 95
9,655 83
2,074 99
1,211 87
1,961 60
1,560 79
6,578 58
4,228 36
5.058 82
710 77
2,583 05
758 05
3,411 48
1,183 27
1,106 35
122 44
4,7.34 16
5,866 40
1,148 19
4,342 82
3,363 13
11,470 90
252 88
95 85
4,926 .59
701 01
220 63
76 95
'850 '49
176 92
689 45
104 70
255 00
2,430 00
1,254 69
69 78
12 96
'mi2
7,162 71
43 59
*116 15
3,126 6.
6, 703 32
.3,722 38
1,470 65
34,840 45
906 13
2,212 54
5,0U7 60
1,673 86
206 91
3, 132 27
1,781 53
1,864 as
15,428 02
1,257 32
20,. 363 94
1,561 16
1,373 96
5,175 g5
1,142 37
6,362 73
3,703 28
7,096 93
544 03
28,872 15
2,463 02
4,294 34
4,359 46
3.142
4,8.53 46
4,607 57
1,948 16
1,729 60
7,442 21
3,201 .33
$4,027 01
5,769 87
15,217 22
9,394 26
5,971 65
45,860 20
' 2,177 44
4,679 46
9,287 90
1,673 86
807 09
3,378 25
4,579 74
2,447 02
25,991 U
3, 009 27
30,196 69
4,325 60
2,690 53
7,137 45
2,958 16
15,371 31
7,9,31 64
13,410 44
1,254 80
31,455 20
3, 290 85
7,705 82-
5,542 73
4,261 39
4,975 90
9,837 86
7,814 56
2,877 79
18,947 74
6.608 05
$724,888 42
0,660 45
1648,596 3?
.444,145 24
+ Amounts paid by the different towns not reported.
a Includes jail expenses.
— Concluded .
313
Salary or contract
of keeper.
Salary of
county phy-
sician.
Jail Expenses.
Per diem
for dieting
prisoners.
Dieting
prisoners.
Repairs
and im-
provem'ts
Other
expenses.
Total.
S120 per an. and 25c a
day per inmate-
S600 per annum
81,100 per annum...
SSOO per annum
$1,200 per annum...
81,200 per annum...
S250 per annum
1500 per annum
8700 per annum
*S1.35 per wk. per in..
82.50 per wk. per in. . .
8800 per annum
8274 per anhum
81,000 per annum —
800 per year per in. ..
81,000 per annum....
8700 per annum
2.5c to 40c pr. (lay pr. in
8500 per annum
8700 per annum
8!»00 per annum
8800 pdv annum
81,500 per annum
8300 per annum
8500 ppr a num
*90c to 81.45 i)er week
per inmate
8660 pe'- annum
81.40 per week per in.
8600 per annum
*12!20 per day per in. .
8«.50 per annum
87.50 per annum
*81.00 per wk. per in..
8900 per annum
8800 per annum
83.50 per an...
$225 per an...
8200 per an...
890 per an...
81.50 per an...
81,500 per an.
8144 per an...
8(i5 per an
81.50 per an...
8100 per an.
8250 per an,
8io6"per aii!
860 per an..
875 per an..
Bv visit
8700 per an.
8200 per an.
8300 per an.
81.25 a visit.
8550 per an.
8125 per an.
8160 per an.
8200 per an.
890 p-r an..
8100 per an.
8200 per an.
8240 per an.
8150 per an.
60 cents
50
50
65
50
50
50
60
35
50
40
65
45
60
50
75
30
50
75
65
65
40
62)2 ' '
60
40
40
.50 to 75 cts,
.50 cents ..
60
75
65
30
40
50
50
50
8319 90
892 60
2,447 15
843 70
.550 00
3,878 50
477 05
369 10
1,549 94
224 6.5
282 10
277 10
1.32 2-5
1 , 167 40
2,649 21
647 20
5,563 40
,531 75
616 50
743 50
188 25
3,558 31
1,343 68
832 55
333 80
1,140 5(1
545 87
(i07 40
124 75
.596 20
426 35
1,466 86
2,041 20
454 95
1,267 05
493 50
8110 76
50 94
197 93
150 00
713 36
22 20
319 84
38 40
125 85
13 (iO
2,356 28
217 31
19 40
2 50
200 00
1()5 30
17 90
17 90
3 75
105 26
165 25
37 50
117 95
$32 07
19 93
644 07
16 .5(1
774 28
1,126 77
100 00
484 30
138 85
233 88
32 10
81 12
183 79
426 9(1
262 42
70 50
3,l(i6 (:8
78 74
12^ 07
156 65
10 35
1,282 ,56
1,002 51
527 04
38 00
758 30
1.58 13
164 68
1.56 23
217 77
268 98
469 18
485 22
3.32 51
231 87
8462 73
912 .53
3,111 22
8(iO 20
1,375 22
5,203 20
727 05
1,.566 76
1 , no 99
458 53
314 20'
358 25
(;35 88
1,(132 70
3,0.37 48.
731 .30
11,086 36
610 49
962 88
919 55
201 10
4,840 87
2, .546 19
1,.524 89
371 80
1,916 70
721 90
772 08
280 98
817 72
800 59
2.101 29
2,.5(;3 92
454 95
1.717 .51
72.5 37
8126,106 79
815,419 13
883,877 09
8175,403 01
* Has farm free of rent.
314
Table XXX. — Showinsr the location of each county alms-
county farm, the number of acres in cultivation, the estimated
farm property.
Counties.
Location of Almshouse.
Number
of acres
in farm.
Acres
in culti-
vation.
Estimated
value of
land and
buildings.
Adams
294 miles southwest of C:atsburg..
No almshouse
160
160
$22, 000
Bond
^4 mile south of courthouse
14
14
8 000
5 miles west of Mt. Sterling
120
200
240
160
200
120
160
120
160
100
140
100
120
160
10,000
]5ureau
3 miles west of Princeton
16, 000
1 'o miles north of Hardin
6,000
Carroll
2% miles southwest of Mt. Carroll
7 miles west of Virginia
20,000
Cass
16,000
Champaign
mile east of Urbanna
9,000
Christian.,
13 miles southea-it of Taylorville
8 000
Clark
17 miles northwest of Marshall
Clay
244
160
257
240
10(1
KiO
220
240
3,000
7,400
Clinton
2 miles northwest of Carlyle
Coles
7''^ miles east of Charleston
12,000
Cook Infirmary...
Dunning
242,000
Cook InsaneAsvl'm
Dunning
260, 000
Cook County H'sp'l
Corner Harrison and Wood St., Chicago.
13 miles northeast of Robinson
12
300
120
130
200
160
134
120
100
160
120
906,325
Crawford
270
120
60
160
160
109
120
60
160
120
12,000
Cumberland
2Jn miles northeast of Toledo
5,000
DeKalb
2}2 miles north of DeKalb
8,500
DeWitt
7 miles west of Clinton
■ 12,000
Douglas
2J2 miles east of Tuscola
11,200
DuPage
2 miles west of Wheaton
20,000
Edgar
31'> miles northeast of Paris
13,000
Edwards
1 mile east of Albion
4,000
Ef&ngham
4 miles south of Effingham
5,000
Favftte
4 miles northwest of Vandalia
3,000
Ford
No almshouse
Franklin
2 miles southeast of Benton
80
80
80
1.200
Fulton
2^2 miles southeast of Canton
6,400
Gallatin
No .almshouse
Greene
3 miles northeast of Carrollton
157
80
160
260
160
240
160
390
200
160
160
230
80
80
2.33
42
135
80
120
220
100
190
160
310
180
120
120
90
80
50
233
42
12,000
Grundy
5 miles south of Morris.
10,000
Hamilton
2 miles northeast of McLeansboro
\li miles southeast of Carthage
2,580
Hancock
37,000
Hardin
8 miles northwest of Elizabethtown
l}o miles southeast of Octuawka
1,500
Henderson
9,600
Henry
5?4 miles northeast of Cambridge
2'o miles southeast of Watseka
60,000
Iroquois
27,300
Jackson
7 miles southeast of Murphysboro
6 miles noi theast of Newton
10,000
3,200
Jefferson
4 miles east of Mt. Vernon
9,700
Jersey
7 miles northwest of Jerseyville. .
10, 000
JoDaviess
3 miles east of Galena
25,000
Johnson
4 miles north of Vienna.
1,500
Kane
2 miles southeast of Geneva
60,000
Kankakee
1 mile north of court-house
7,500
Kendall
No almshouse
Knox
?o mile from Knoxville depot
140
150
210
105
80
160
240
200
120
30
240
120
160
120
160
120
300
130
400
m
170
200
140
150
210
80
80
160
240
200
120
30
160
80
160
100
160
120
300
130
400
76,606
Lake
Liberryville
21,000
LaSalle
3^2 mile west of Ottawa
100,000
Lawrence
4 miles west of Lawrenceville
3,150
Lee
1 mile northeast of Eldena
8,000
Livingston
4>2 miles southwest of Pontiac
13,000
Logan
4 miles northwest of Lincoln
30,000
Macon
t miles northeast of Decatur
28, 000
Macoupin
2 miles north of Carhnville
9,000
Madison
Marion
>6 mile south of court-house
ihi miles southeast of Salem
50,000
4,800
Marshall
2!2 miles southwest of Sparland
11,500
Mason
7 miles we.st of Mason Ciry.. . . .
16,000
Massac
2 miles north of Metropolis
5.000
McDonough
'M'2 miles southeast of Macomb
41,000
McHenrv
5 miles northwest of Woodstock
26,500
McLean
!4 mil'r'S south of Bloomiugton
58,000
Menard
2 miles southeast of Petersburg.'.
10,000
Mercer
3 miles north of Aledo
20, 000
Monroe
'Waterloo
4,000
Montgomery
2!'6 miles south of Hillsboro
176
150
6,800
Morgan
14 miles northwest of Jacksonville
50,000
315
house in the state, the number of acres of land comprising- each
value of the land and buildings, the furniture and of all other
Esti-
mated
value of
frniture.
Esti-
mated
value of
all other
prop'rty.
Total
value of
almshouse
property.
Remarks.
SI, 000
S2,500
82.5,500
250
200
3,450
Owned by superintendent
300
400
3,278
10.700
23.478
6,025
21,500
i6,or.o
10,300
8,825
4,200
25
Other farm property owned by superintendent
500
1,000
60
Other farm property owned by superintendent
300
1,000
750
75
Owned by superintendent
3,000
7,(;oo
12,000
271,000
305,000
1.00(i 325
Other farm property owned by superintendent
200
Furniture and farm property owned by superintendent
2.5,000
4,000
45,000
100, 000
12,000
5,000
9,100
13,700
12,6.50
22,500
15,000
4,400
5, 000
4,100
Farm propei-ty owned by superintendent
300
300
1,500
1.2.50
1,500
1.000
200
200
200
1,000
1,000
200
Other farm property owned by superintendent
500
600
1.200
7,635
506
735
400
i2,466
10.. 500
2,580
38,. 500
1,500
11,. 520
64,. 500
31,400
10,.5OO
3,200
6.7.50
10.000
26,, 500
1..500
68.000
8.000
500
Furniture and farm property owned by superintendent
500
1,000
Furniture and otherjproperty owned by superintendent —
300
1,C20
2,500
2,800
2,000
1,300
500
Other farm property owned by superintendent
Furniture and farm property owned by superintendent
Farm property owned by superintendent
50
1,000
.500
4,000
4.000
500
2,000
2, .500
3,300
2,000
74.. 500
25.300
105, 000
3,:{.50
9,100
17.000
3:!, 300
31,100
14,000
.53,00(1
7, 300
1,000
3,000
200
Other property owned by superintendent'
300
800
2,. 500
3,000
2,600
2,000
1,500
300
500
3,000
3,000
500
2,000
4,000
1,075
500
16,000
17, ,575
500
5, 000
42, .500
30. 493
500
1,000
2,071
4.700
1,022
1,800
6 4,. 500
10,000
24,296
4,4.50
10,500
.54.100
Furniture and farm property owned by superintendent
i.4a3
2,863
50
3,500
3.400
400
200
700
316
Table XXX-
Counties.
Location of Almshouse,
Number
of acres
in farm.
Acres
in culti-
vation.
Estimated
value of
land and
buildings.
Sy> miles west of Sullivan
103
55
320
92
280
80
160
55
320
92
240
80
10,000
Ogle
Wz miles south of court-house
30,000
8 miles west of Peoria
100,000
Perry
P^ miles south of Pinckneyville
0,257
Piatt
3 miles west of Monticello
15,000
Pike
2}^ miles southwest of Pittsfleld
9,000
2 miles northwest of Olmsted
80
30
260
167
177
120
177
310
80
240
160
62
160
209
80
210
105
120
80
200
80
108
80
80
142
240
60
30
100
120
177
120
177
150
80
230
160
40
160
209
70
210
75
120
80
200
65
108
80
66
130
240
1,000
3)A miles east of Hennepin
1,600
2 miles east of Chester
10, 000
Richland
5 miles east of Olney
2,400
2 miles south of Coal Valley
2.5.000
Saline
Vfk miles south of Harrisburg
3,600
2^2 miles east of Buffalo
20.000
1J5 miles west of Rushville
34,000
Scott
2 miles west of Winchester
5,600
Shelby
5 miles northwest of Shelby ville
12,000
Stark
3 miles south of Toulon
18,800
St. Clair
1^2 miles north of court-house
43,000
Stephenson
3 miles south of Freeport
20,000
2 miles west of Tremont
20,900
2 miles east of Anna
3,000
3 miles west of Danville
21,000
Wabash
2^ miles northeast of Mt. Carmel
6 miles south of Monmouth
2,500
6,000
Washington
3% miles southeast of Nashville
8,600
4 miles northwest of Fairfield
5,000
White
2% miles west of Carmi
4,600
4)i miles east of Morrison
15, 000
Will
5 miles west of Joliet
11,000
1}^ miles north ot Marion
2,000
4 miles north of Rockf ord
75,000
3 miles southeast of Metamora
28,000
15,023>6
13,061
S3, 081,512
Coucluded.
317
Esti-
mated
value of
frniture.
Esti-
mated
value of
all other
prop'rty.
Total
value of
almshouse
property.
Remarks.
$500
$2,000
1,000
5,600
7!I0
3,000
900
$12,. 500
32; 000
111,000
7,187
18,500
10,775
1 000
fi.OflO
140
500
885
1, 000
l,(iOO
12, 102
Furniture and other property owned by superintendent .
Other property owned by superintendent
i.oo^i
i,rj2
2,400
31,550
8,()00
22, 200
39,500
5,(i00
19,000
20,000
54,000
22,600
25,(i45
3,500
23,500
2, .500
7,700
8,700
5,590
4,800
10, 050
12,300
2,200
87,000
34,700
2,550
4,000
1,000
1,200
5,000
500
Furnitui'e and other property owned by superintendent
1,000
(!,000
200
3,000
2,000
3,170
300
1,500
1,000
8,000
500
1,575
200
1 , 000
250
i.'iso
100
100
430
200
500
1,150
800
500
200
Other farm property owned by superintendent
10,000
2,000
5.700
1,000
S253,!»05
S129,834
S3, 465, 2.51
31.9
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Accidental death of prisoner, by a fall, 210.
Act creating asylum for insane criminals,
comments upon, 58, 59.
— of congress relating to soldiers' homes,
amended, 17,
Adams county almshouse, 105.
— — jail, 187.
— — Quincy workhouse. 188.
Additional buildings at state Institutions, 35.
— — for Eye and Eur Inflrmary, 44.
— cottages wanted at Quincy, 38, 43.
— electric lights supplied at Kankakee. 35.
— — — needed by Central Insane Hos-
pital, 35.
Admissions to institutions, 265-8.
Alexander county almshouse, 106.
— — jail, 188.
Almshouse keepers and physicians, Ust of,
275.
— destroyed by tire, 162.
Appendix, 231.
Appropriation account, 23.5.
Appropriat ons, cjassilied summary, 12, 13.
— — estimate. 16.
— special, asked, 36-39.
— — by 36th General Assembly, 32-34.
— — unexpended balance, 8.
Arrests, unnecessary, 181.
Artesian well wanted at Kankakee, 37.
Assembly hall wanted at Quincy, 38, 43.
Asylum for insane criminals, 7,21,5(i.
Average number of inmates, 11,15,18.
— — — — lor sixteen years, 24-28.
Balances due institutions fx"om counties, 241.
Barnes, Dr. A. T., 29.
Buiiinann, Fi ederick, 115.
Bellevuo Place. 13!>.
Bill for an act making ordinary expense ap-
pro priaticms. 22.
— — — providing for transfer "of in.-^ane
patients, 99.
— — — — biological laboratory, 117.
Blind, institution for. cuttage for girls built,
36.
— — — special appropriations asked, 38,
43.
B indness, self-inflicted, 158.
Boiler-house, at Dunning, 116.
Bond county almshouse, 107.
— — jail, 189.
Bonds tiled, 44.
Boone county almshouse, 107.
— — jail. 189.
Brainerd, E. II., 61.
Brooks, IDr. Henry J., appointed superin-
tendent at Elgin, 28, 47.
Brown county almshouse, 108.
— — jail. 189-
Bureau county almshouse, 108.
— — jail, 190.
Burr fund, 8.
Calhoun county almshouse, 109.
— — jail, 190.
Carrie), Dr. H. F., 29, 55.
Carroll county almshouse, 110.
— — jail, 191.
Cash balances, 7, 8.
— disbursements, 8.
Cass county almshouse, 110,
— — jail. 101.
Central Hospital, special appropriations
asked, 37, 42.
Champaign county almshouse. 111.
— - jail, 192.
Chicago house of correction, 195.
— industrial school for girls, 120.
Children in almshouses. 105.
— in county jails, 181.
Christian county almshouse, 112.
— — jail, 192.
Clark county almshouse, 112.
— — jail, 192.
Classified summary, 12,13.
Clay county almshouse, 113.
— — jail, 192.
Clinton county almshouse. 113.
— — jail, 193.
Coal sheds want'^d at Kankakee, 33.
Coleman, I aac C, 55.60.
Coles county almshouse, 114.
— — jail, 193.
Collections from counties, 237-10.
Commitments to county insane asylums
illegal, 116.
Consumption of food per capita, 279-80.
Cook county iilmshouse, 114.
— — hospital, 118.
— — insane asylum, 114.
— — jail, 191.
Cost of almshouses and jails, 310-13.
— — food, 281.
— per caiuta for sixteen years, 24-28.
Cottage f(>-9.
X-XI. Movement of population. 260.
XII _ _ — in insane hospitals since
1852. 2(;i-3.
XIII. Terms and vacations. 264.
XIV-XV. Admissions, 265-S,
XVI-XVII. Davs' boai-d, 269-74.
XVIII-XIX. Innates present, 275-8
XX-XXI. Consumption of food, 279-80.
XXII-XXIII. Cost of food, 281-2.
XXIV. Average number of inmates, etc.,
by countii's. 283-8.
XXV. Average cost by connties, 289-94.
XXVI. Almshouse keepers and phy-
sicians, and jailers, 295-7.
XXVli. Visitation ot almshouses, 298-303.
XXVIII. - - jail. 304.
XXIX. Cost of almshouses and jails, 310-13.
XXX. Location of almshouse, etc.,314-7.
St. Clair countv almshouse, 170.
— — jail. 224.
Stephenson county almshouse, 170.
— - jail. 224.
Superintendents, bonds filed, 44.
— changes in, 47.
— list of. 2:i3.
Surplus, 10, 15.
Tazewell county almshouse. 175.
— — jail, 225.
Treasurers, bonds filed, 45.
-21 P. C.
322
Trustees, list of, 234.
Tiirkish baths. 117. •
Union county almshouse, 175.
— — jail. 225.
United States prisoners, 222.
Vacations, 264.
Vermilion county almshouse, 176.
— — jail, 226.
Wabash county almshouse, 176.
— — jail. 226.
Wardner. Dr. Horace, 29, 47.
Warren county almshouse, 177.
— — jail. 226. ^
Washington county almshouse, 177.
— — jail, 227.
Wayne county almshouse, 178.
— — jail, 227.
Whipp. John W., 69, 100, 184.
White county almshouse, 179.
— — jail, 227.
White Cross ladies, 229.
• Whiteside county almshouse, 179.
— — jail, 228.
Wilbur, Dr. C.T., 30.
Will county almshouse, 180.
— — jail: 228.
Williamson county almshouse, 181.
— — jail. 229.
Winnebago county almshouse, 181.
— — jail, 229.
Wines, F. H..61.
Woodford county almshouse, 182.
— — jail, 229.