Ctarning an& Cabor. LIBRARY Universityof Illinois. i-'I.A. . BOOK. \(»I.r.Ml\ "S^O IZ^Z l^o^oz I Accession Xo. SEVENTEfNIH BIENNIAL REPORI PUBLIC CHARITIES STATE OF ILLINOIS. Presented to the Governor October 1, 1902. g TRADE*, ly^jgrl COUNCIL ^62 SPRINGFIELD. ILL.: Phillips Bkos.. State Printkk- 1902. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. President, WILLIAM JAYNE, M. D. Commissioners, A. S. WRIGHT, Woodstock. Term expires 1902. JAMES A. GLENN, M. D., Ashland. Term expires 1903. WILLIAM JAYNE, M. D., Springfield. Term expires 1904. ENSLEY MOORE. Jacksonville. Term expires 1905. JOHN GIBBONS, Chicago. Term expires 1906. Secretary, J. MACK TANNER, Springfield. .--% Isii. Qk Q ^-^ State of Illinois, Office of Board of Public Charities, Springfield, Oct. 1, 1902. Hon. Kichard Yates, Governor. Sir — The Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities has the honor to make to you its Seventeenth Biennial or Thirty-fourth Annual Report, as required by law. Respectfully, W. Jatne, President. Ensley Moore, A. S. Wright, J. A. Glenn, John Gibbons, Commissioners. J. Mack Tanner, Secretary. SEVENTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT. During the past two years, many needed improvements have been made, for which appropriations were made by the Forty-second Gen- eral Assembly. The most important of these include amusement halls at the Northern and Western Insane hospitals, male dormitory and laundry buildings at the Western Insane Hospital, infirmary buildings at the Central Insane Hospital and the Asylum for Feeble Minded Children, cold storage plants at the Southern Hospital for Insane, the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Asylum for Feeble Minded Children, a farm building at the last named institu- tion, a new wing for the Soldiers' Widows' Home, an addition to the hospital of the Soldiers' Home and a cottage, hospital and school buildings at the State Training School for Girls. In addition to these, the buildings at the Asylum for the Incurable Insane were completed according to the original plans, with a capacity of 500 pa- tients, but, in order to accommodate an additional number of patients, the employes' building has been temporarily converted to receive patients, and on Feb. 10, 1902, this hospital was duly opened, and patients were received from the other State hospitals. The institu- tion is now caring for 700 patients. We object seriously to the name given this institution. While it is true that a large majority of the patients are incurable, and it is pre- sumed that none are sent here who are not, yet many of them live in the hope of restored health and liberty, and encouragement in this regard adds to their happiness, and may even help to restore their mental faculties. We suggest and recommend that the name be changed to Bartonville State Asylum. Of the appropriations made by the Forty-second General Assembly for new buildings, there remains unexpended $25,000 for a school building at the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, this amount be- ing insufficient to warrant undertaking the work, and $25,000 for a State Training School for Boys. Donations from philanthropic peo- ple, sufficient to purchase 900 acres of land near St. Charles, were received and applied for this purpose, and plans have been submitted and bids received for two cottages. We urge suitable appropriations to build the necessary cottages, administration, school, industrial, heating plant and farm buildings. STATE CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. There are fifteen institutions in the state under our charge, not in- cluding the St. Charles School for Boys. Nine of them are under the same management as when we made our last biennial report; the Asylum for the Incurable Insane has been opened to patients since then, while changes have occurred of superintendents in five. Dr. S. H. McLean succeeded Dr. W. L. Athon at the Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children. Dr. R. T. Higgins, superintendent of the Asylum for Insane Criminals, was succeeded by Dr. W. E. Songer. Dr, F. C. Winslow, now deceased, who was transferred from the Central Hospital for Insane to the Asylum for Incurable Insane, thereby to secure an able and experienced official to open this new institution, was succeeded at the Central Hospital by Dr. Joseph Robbins, of Quincy, who resigned after fifteen months' service, and was succeeded by Dr. H. B. Carriel, formerly assistant physician at the same insti- tution, and later acting superintendent of the Asylum for Incurable Insane. Mrs. Margaret Wickens was succeeded as superintendent of the Soldiers' Widows' Home by Mrs.'Flo J. Miller, who had served for a number of years as trustee of this institution, Prof. Frank Hall, having resigned as superintendent of the Institution for the Education of the Blind, the trustees were fortunate in securing as his successor Prof. J. H. Freeman, so well known to all educators of the State, having served for many years both as assistant and as State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Upon the death of Dr. Wins- low, Dr. H. B. Carriel was placed in charge of the Asylum for Incur- able Insane, pending the return of Dr. George A. Zeller, who had been appointed superintendent and was at that time in the govern- ment service in the Philippine Islands. Dr. Carriel applied himself zealously to the work of preparing the buildings for the reception of patients, and on February 10, 1902, the institution which had been so long in building and seemed to be pursued by ill luck, had at last opened its doors. Within a few weeks 630 patients had been ad- mitted and were being comfortably cared for. After Dr. Carriel's appointment to the Central Hospital, Jul}' 1, Dr. W. E. Taylor, su- perintendent of the Western Hospital, took charge of this asylum and displayed good judgment and much energy, not alone in the con- duct of the institution, but in alterations and improvements, in grad- ing and improvement of roads and grounds. He arranged to care for 75 additional patients, and succeeded in reducing the per capita cost of the last quarter to a par with other institutions. The Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb were visited by severe epidemics during the past two years, the former, first with measles and last winter with small-pox and scarletina and the latter with scarlet fever. There were 428 cases of measles; 283 cases of small-pox and 218 cases of scarletina, and 17 deaths from measles, two from small-pox and none from scarletina at the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, while at the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb there were 81 cases of scarlet fever and no deaths. 9 How the diseases were introduced is not known, but exceptional care must be taken in respect to the admission of new patients or pu- pils, to see that they are free from contagious diseases. The atten- tion of the board was called to one case where affidavit was made that a patient had not been exposed to any contagious disease, and it was afterwards learned that there were then two cases of small-pox in the very dwelling from which she came. Fortunately no evil re- sults followed this particular case. Charges of mismanagement and misconduct at some of the insti- tutions have been made and brought to the attention of the governor and this board. In only one instance did this board make a public investigation, and then on account of the seriousness of the charges and the publicity that had been given to them. The conclusions of the board, reached after a review of all the evidence, are on file in this office and in the office of the governor. Other investigations were made quietly and reports made thereon to the governor, and while the press is disposed to demand open in- vestigations, your board must conclude with the State Board of In- diana, that such public investigations are harmful and demoralizing to the institutions, and a long period is required to recover from the the evil effects. Your board has made frequent visits to the institutions, as well as to similar institutions elsewhere, and is satisfied that the Illinois institutions are as well managed and the patients, inmates and pupils are receiving as intelligent care and instruction as present knowledge and information warrants. Your board has required the accounts, books, etc., of the officials of the institutions to be audited by our as- sistant secretary, an expert accountant, and we are gratified to be able to state that all moneys, for which vouchers were not presented, were in the hands of the treasurers. These inspections proved the need of a more uniform system of bookkeeping and accounting. A manual of bookkeeping, prepared by Mr. Frank Whipp, our assistant secretary, being especially adapted to institution accounts, was ap- proved by our board and recommended to the superintendents of the several institutions, where it has been pretty generally adopted. We find a disposition among some of the superintendents to dis- claim any State authority over what is commonly termed the trust fund, which consists of moneys donated by friends or earned by pa- tients, and intended for their comfort, pleasure and amusement. We recommend that the law be so amended as to require the payment of this fund to the treasurer of the institution, the same as other moneys received. COUNTY ALMSHOUSES. The State Board of Charities is charged, among other duties, with the visitation of the county almshouses and jails of the State. The board itself can not personally visit 102 counties each year, and it has been the rule for a number of years to employ some one to visit these almshouses and jails. Your board believed that better results 10 could be obtained by interesting local citizens in this work, and therefore appointed boards of auxilliary visitors to make the inspec- tions. These visitors were carefully selected, are non-partisan, and as a rule have entered into the work with a desire to improve condi- tions. While they have given their time cheerfully, many of them can not well afford the expense of several trips to the almshouse. We therefore recommend an appropriation of $1,500, allowing $15 for each board of three visitors to pay such expenses. EPILEPTIC COLONY.' The report of the State Board of Charities for lh98 very forcibly pointed out the need of a State colony for epileptics, and the Forty- tirst General Assembly recognized this need in establishing such a colony and constituting the State Board of Charities ex-nfficio a board of trustees to select a site and submit plans of buildings to the next General Assembly. This was done, but the Legislature failed to make the required appropriations. Illinois, with her wealth and progress, can not afford to be backward in making suitable provision for all her helpless and unfortunate. Other states are rapidly awak- ening to the needs of this unfortunate class. Colonies have been established in Ohio, New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Texas. It has been ably demonstrated in these states, and in similar institutions abroad, that colony care is the only successful way to treat epileptics. They can not be successfully treated at home. It is therefore important that the State provide for them. We renew the recommendations of this^ board for appropriations therefor made in the last biennial report. APPROPRIATIONS. In the tables below we give first the appropriations for the two years beginning July 1, 1901, and then the estimates of the trustees of the institutions of the amounts required for the two years begin- ning July 1, 1903, together with our recommendations thereon. The Forty-second General Assembly appropriated $4, ■438,02-4. 92 to the sixteen State charitable institutions of which $3,384,500.00 was for ordinary expenses and $1,053,524.92 was for special purposes, mainly for new buildings, repairs and improvements. The tabulation of the estimates of the trustees of appropriations re- quired for the ensuing two years, and which the Forty-third General Assembly is asked to provide, shows a total of $(5,100,790 00, and this does not include the St. Charles School for Boys, from which we have received no estimates. Of the total amount asked $3,955,000 is for ordinary expenses and $2,145,790 on special accounts. Our board has visited every institution and has inquired carefully into the needs of each respecting the special appropriations asked, and we have made our recommendations after due deliberation, and have only recommended such items and such amounts as we believe indispensable to the welfare of the institutions and the State. 11 We have recommended $H,647,000 for ordinary expenses and $l,66y,890 for special purposes, of which amount more than $700,000 is for new buildings. A comparison of our recomendations with the estimate of the trustees will show a reduction of $308,000 on account of ordinary expenses, and $476,900 on special accounts, making a total reduction of $784,900. The great difference in ordinary expenses is due mainly to balances that will be on hand due the Northern and Southern hospitals for the insane and the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, together with over-estimates at the last named institution and the Asylum for Incurable Insane. Our recommendations for ordinary expenses are based as hereto- fore on the per capita record of each institution in the past, taking into consideration also the probable number of inmates together with many special items which belong in this fund. List of A])propriations made hy the Forty -second General As- sembly for the tivo years beginning July 1, 1901. TO THE NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, ELGIN. Ordinary expenses, per annum, $185,000 $370,000 00 Addition to amusement hall 17.000 00 Making chapel into dormitories 5,000 00 Repairs and improvement, per annum, $5,000 10,000 00 Painting, per annum, S3, 000 6,000 00 Care and improvements of errounds, per annum, 81,000 2,000 00 New beds and furniture 4,000 00 Extension of cement walks 1,000 00 Maintenance of library, per annum. S5O0 1.000 00 Live stock 2, 500 00 Farm buildings ana implements 2, 000 00 Fencing 500 00 One 250 horse power boiler in main heating plant 3, 500 00 Three fire escapes on annex 2. 400 00 Maintenance of steam plant 2,000 00 Completion of plumbing and renewing of tap wiring in main building 2,500 00 One dynamo and engine to operate the laundry, machine shop, butcher shop, bakery, etc., with motors 5, 500 OO One electric pumping outfit 1,100 00 Electric light fixtures 1,000 00 Elevator for infirmary 1,500 00 Total $440,500 00 TO THE EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, KANKAKEE. Ordinary expenses, per annum, $322,000 5644,000 00 Cement walks 2,000 00 Farm teams, live stock, implements 1, 500 00 Furnishing new chapel 4, 000 00 Work shops, tools, etc 1,000 00 Remodeling old amusement hall 4,000 00 Repairing slate roofs 1.000 00 Furniture, per annum, $2, 500 5, 000 00 Improvement of grounds, per annum, $2.000 4,000 00 Pathological laboratory, per annum, $1,000 2.000 00 Library and reading room, per annum. $500 1,000 00 General repairs and improvements, per annum, $20,000 40.000 00 New boiler ,3,500 00 Painting, per annum, $2.500 ... 5.000 00 Rebuilding, enlarging and completing the sewerage system for the exclusive use of the Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane, provided that right of way for the same is granted free of charge by the city of Kankakee 25.000 00 Rebuilding farm buildings destroyed by fire 3,000 00 Lawn irrigation plant 500 00 Gardening, $2,000 per annum 4,000 00 Fire escape and fire department 5. 000 00 Total $753 , 500 OO 12 TO THE CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. JACKSONVILLE. Ordinary expenaes, per annum. $175.000 $350,000 00 Rep'iirs unci improvements, per annum. 810.000 20.000 00 Improvemen' of grounds, per annum, 81.000 2.000 00 Libiwry. per annum. $500 1,000 00 Pain tine, per annum. $2.500 5.000 00 Feucinu. per annum. $1.000 2.000 00 Farm implements, per annum. $500 1.000 00 Furuiture, per annum. $1.000 2.000 00 Live stocit 2.000 00 IMumbing 5. 000 00 Fire escapes 4.000 00 lutirmary 35.000 00 Total $429,000 00 TO THE SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. ANNA. Ord inary expenses, per annum, S160. 000 S320. 000 00 Improvements and repairs, per annum. $15.000 30.000 00 Improvements of grounds, per annum, $3,000 6,000 00 Li brary. per annum. $200 400 00 Ni-w boiler 1.500 00 Cold storage 20.000 00 Repairs and machinery for laundry 2.500 00 Farm machinery, per annum, S500 1,000 00 Hose and tire apparatus for new cottage 1,000 00 Two fire escapes on annex 1,600 00 Total $384,000 00 TO THE WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. WATERTOWN. Ordinary expenses for the year beginning July 1, 1901 $78,000 00 Ordinary expenses for the year beginning July 1, 1902 91,000 00 Society hall 12.500 00 Jlule dormitory and furnishing same 7,000 00 Lnundry building and equipment 4,500 00 Parole ward and furnishing same... 7.000 00 Improvement of grounds 8.500 00 K-frigerating plant 2,500 00 Library, $250 per annum 500 00 Repairs and improvements, $3, 000 per annum 6, 000 00 Fencing 1,500 00 Total 8219,000 00 TO THE ASYLUM FOR INCURABLE INSANE. BARTONVILLE. Ordinary expenses for the year beginning July 1. 1901 $ 50.000 00 Ortl inary expenses for tiie year beginning July 1, 1902 112,500 00 Completing the four buildings linown as the employes' quarters, domestic building, supply building and boiler house, to complete the untinished con- tr.ict of Edward Gleason & Son 23,107 30 To liquidate indebtedness incurred on contracts by Gleason & Son, sub-con- tractors 20,930 74 Material bought by Gleason & Son, used and not paid for ._^ 1,279 78 Contracts let by asylum commissioners as trustees for Gleason & Son, under the contract 12.020 60 Material bought by asylum commissioners as trustees for Gleason & Son, under the contract 7,230 10 Balance due on plumbing contract let by commissioners, not embraced in Glea- son & Son's contract 9,494 00 Completing Ice pl:tnt, plastering the ceilings of basement, and flr.st and second stories of supply buildings, one platform seven feet wide along the south side of supply building, asbestos for covering pipes, painting pipes in four buililings,slielving, tables, etc., and store rooms in supply and domestic buildings 10.000 00 Completing hospital and bath house 5.000 00 Completing two dining rooms 2.526 45 Completing nine cottages i^-*' 13 Completing the heating system 20.657 S2 Four new boilers and stokers, complete 8. 9i)0 72 Due on contracts for laundry machinery 2. 7H6 07 Cumpli'ting kitchen and bakery fixtures 1.500 00 Furnishing buildings 15.000 00 Filler house and basins 1.750 00 Milk house and equipment 2.500 00 Water supply contracts 14. 705 08 C'linpleting water system 10. 151 07 Water plant and sinking well 15.000 00 13 Rf'ads. walks, bridges and grading:, none of said roads to exceed twelve feet in width around the buildings, and the roads approaching said buildings not to exceed eighteen feet in width 15,000 00 Power room in boiler house 750 00 Wire screens and guards for windows and doors 3.000 00 Contingent fund for commissioner's expenses, superintendence, services of clerks and watchmen, and all other necessary expenses 3.500 00 Total $370,174 92 TO THE ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS. CHESTER. Ordinary expenses, per annum. $35. 000 $70, 000 00 Repairs and improvements, per annum, $1,500 3,000 00 Furniture and refurnishing, per annum, $500 1,000 00 Water supply, per annum. $600 1,200 00 Electric lighting, per annum, $500 1,000 00 Fainting, per annum. $300 600 00 Library, papers and periodicals, per annum, $200 400 00 Purchase of cows .'. 300 00 Total $77,500 00 TO THE INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, JACKSONVILLE. Ordinary expenses, per annum, $106,000 $212,000 00 Improvement and repairs, per annum, $8,000 16,000 00 Hospital fund (otological laboratory and expert treatment), per annum, $1,000 2,000 00 Library fund, per annum, $500 1.000 00 Water supply 5. 000 00 School, library and studio building, complete 25, 000 00 Refrigerating plant, complete 5. 000 00 Dairy herd 1,200 00 Fifty acres of land, more or less, adjacent to the grounds of the institution, being now the property of the Morgan County Fair Association: Provided, that the said association shall submit to the Attorney General for his ex- amination, and to the Governor for his approval, an abstract of title, and that no money shall be paid for the said lands without perfect conveyance of title in fee simple by warranty deed 15,000 00 Furniture 2, 000 00 Total $284,200 00 TO THE INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OP THE BLIND, JACKSONVILLE. Ordinary expenses, per annum. $50,000 $100,000 00 Repairs and improvements, per annum. $2.500 5,000 00 Materials for printing department, per annum, $500 1,000 00 Increasing water supply and storage capacity 1, 000 00 Maintenance of library and apparatus, per annum. $400 800 00 Fire escapes for girls' cottage, boys' cottage, shopmen's dormitory and little boys' dormitory 2.500 00 Remodeling and plumbing and drainage of the main building 2. 500 00 Remodeling the plumbing and drainage of the boys' cottage, broom shop and gymnasium 500 00 Total $113,300 00 TO THE ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN, LINCOLN. Ordinary expenses, per annum, $182,000 $364,000 00 Repairs and improvements, per annum. $7.500 15,000 00 Care and improvement of grounds, per annum, $1,000 2,000 00 Library, per annum, $450 900 00 Completion of new buildings according to original plans 36,500 00 New building at farm 25. 000 00 Infirmary 35. 000 00 Cold storage and ice plant 20.000 00 Addition to administration building, kitchen .and tile floors for entire kitchen 3,000 00 Two new boilers and furnaces 3,500 00 Grading around new buildings and cement walks 6, 000 00 Extension of water mains around new buildings 4.500 00 Additional barns at farm 2, 000 00 Increasing height of smoke stack 1,000 00 Additional electric power 3, 500 00 Total $521,900 00 14 TO THE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' HOME. QUIN'CY. 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The statement which follows shows the amount of money to be accounted for by the fifteen institutions, and the disposition made of it from July 1, 1900, to June 80, 1902: DR. On the first day of July, 1900, there were in the hands of the local treasurers of the institutions under our jurisdiction cash balances amounting to $251,007.02. The amount in transit between the State treasury and institutions was $23,387.72. The institutions had to their credit in the State treasury July 1, 1900, unexpended balances of appropriations to the amount of $2,264,511.58. The Forty-second General Assembly appropriated for the use of these institutions the sum of $4,403,024.92 for the two years from July 1, 1900, to July 1, 1902. The income derived from the proceeds of sales of farm produce, stock and manufactured articles, collections for clothing, etc., was $294,917.59. The Northern Hospital for the Insane received $14,- 083.33 on account of Burr fund, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, $2,113.61 from Armour & Co. on account of overpayment, and the State Training School for Girls, $3,853.03 from the bondsmen of C. W. Spaulding. The sum of the above amounts, which is $7,256,898.80, represents the total debits and constitutes the amount to be accounted for. The debits are distributed among the several institutions as follows ; 36 ir»c^ tococcc ^**»-«oor-w T^^ U3 00 05 t^OJ N 00 O M CO -^ :SS CO t^ 03CO 1^ MrlCCN OOOOOMOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOIOOOOOOOOO OOOOO'l'OOOOOOOOO C500CDOr-0^000*0000 lOlOOOO uamooo^Hioc^roo: OS OlMn C75 ^ 03 Oi »n c-i ^^ t* to N rO tH rH .-I 00 «-l COti *«§ n 3 5° o OK a 5§s lO o o o o lO N s CDCOWOt-COOOiOCDOiOOOaogOCD OQC-MCDaiOOOt'MOOiOO^OOeO o CO 05 "-< la HOCi0it^lO4nC*00 OOC-OWOOCOCO<£'(D 00*0010 000 C^iaOWCOC* 5D^C^»OCO«Di-l^^O cS 08 ^ il c8 n a 'en ©a 6-3 isa 2=«- tutnCit a a a o rt o) Ofci 5 i-i"— di o o o >>> »- 37 CR. The cash disbursements by fifteen institutions, on account of ex- penses incurred during the past two years, amounted to $4,607,215.70. The Northern Hospital for the Insane loaned $6,750 from the Burr fund. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Home paid in excess to Armour & Co. $2,113.61, and the State Training School for Girls deducted $6,461.72 from its cash account to cover the shortage of C. W. Spaulding while acting as treasurer of this institution. On June 30, 1902, the local treasurers had $163,011.34 cash on hand. The appropriations undrawn June 30, i902, amounted to $2,- 142,121.14. The sum of $185,877.17 lapsed into the State treasury on September 30, 1901. The amount returned to the State treasury during the two years was $143,348.12. The sum of the above, $7,256,898.80, represents the total credits. They are distributed among the several institutions as follows: 38 SS^Si^SS^S loS •«N I 8 a-H asm 23 Jo Ha J2 S8 S8 SS S3' 3 t-e>i 3S SS SS en t- N *^ ioa>eoo«ioz>nr~oicoaa>«r-^;ln■H «" m' ^ — ' ai M cC M >» m "• t-' t-" m" t-" — r- — 5-. o-^eooiot-osc^coco 'U3 oogpt-mxinoooi — oooir-o-. — o to 30 o» *<> o '« tn :a ri CO ac^ia «ao«orcM rc<-iaoo-. —ion occ t^oicoaorjco t»^i ^lO ^ -^o i fo A wn^SBaor-<~o>X)Ocoa>>a o o^ioosN— B » o Children. B 5* o Si Present at befrinnins o f 10 4 78 4 4 81 14 8 159 181 Placed in hom»'3 65 3 6 10 8 72 3 2 7 5 137 year Placed in institutions Returned to friends Died 6 Committed by court Received otherwise 8 17 Present at end of year Total 13 Total 92 89 92 89 181 49 CENTRAL BAPTIST ORPAHNAGE. Of Chicago, Illinois. Myron W. Haynes, D. D., President. J. W. Conley, D, D. 1st Vice President H. L. Parmelee. 2d Vice President, Incorporated October 9, 1895. James P. Thomas. L. L. D.. Secretary. Frand B. Pease. Treasurer. Rev. Alfred C. Kelly, Superintendent. Financial Condition October 20, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. $10,000 00 1,000 00 121 00 1.200 00 Bills payable $ 300 00 Furniture and stationery Loans 5,000 00 Cash on hand Surplus 7,021 00 Total liabilities Total assets $12,321 00 ^12,321 00 Receipts and Disbursements. Receipts. Disbursements. From donations $1,000 00 3,770 00 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year (date not given) From other sources $ 66 00 Lands 2,000 00 Salaries 1,606 00 Other expenses 1.098 00 Total disbursements. Total receipts $4,770 00 $4, 770 00 Movement of Population, For year ending October 20, 1901. Children. a" o Children. 2 5* B a" O Present a beginning of year. 9 19 2 22 11 41 PI aced in homes 4 3 9 12 5 ■"ii 8 9 Received Placed in institutions Returned to friends Present at end of year Total 3 20 20 Total 28 24 52 28 24 52 -4C. 50 CHADDOCK BOYS' HOME, Of Quincy, Illinois. Incorporated 1879. W. T. Beadles, ['resident. J. H. Clark. Vice President. W. T. Dwire, Secretary. S. E. Henes, Treasurer. Miss Eleanor Tobin. Superintendent. Statements showinp the financial condition, receipts and disbursements and movement of i>opulHtlon are not tiven. CHICAGO ERKING WOMAN'S REFUGE, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated Feb. IG, 1865. Mrs. L. B. Doud. President. Mrs. H. C. Hackney. Secretary. Mrs. W. H. Reid. Vice President. Mrs. E. O. F. Roler. Treasurer. *Mrs. H. M. Woods. Superintendent. Statement showing assets and liabilities not ffiven. Receipts and Disbursements, For the year ending January 31, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- $ 562 85 982 25 1.352 91 9.281 85 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. Salaries $ 799 04 3.482 24 Other expenses 7.898 61 Total disbursements $12,179 89 $12. 179 89 Movement of Population, For the year ending January 31, 1901. Children. Female. Children. Female. Present Ht beginning of year 65 75 57 11 9 217 Placed in homes 14 Placed in institutions 7 Renelved at beginning of year Infants at beginning of year % 2 Present at end of year 88 Infants adopted and left with mothers 10 Total Total 217 Deceased. 51 CHICAGO INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR CHILDREN, (Home located at Woodstock, Illinois.) Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated September 22, 1888. S, K. J. Chesbro, President and Treasurer. Rev. W. P. Perries. Secretary. W. E. Bardell, Manager. Financial Condition October 15, 1900. Assets. Liabilities. Real estate and chattels $11,094 13 Loans $4 175 GO Surplus 6,919 13 Totalliabilities Total assets. $11,094 13 $11,094 13 Receipts and Disbursements, From November 1, 1900, to June 1, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- $ 44 11 414 91 836 45 Cash on hand $106 01 cal year Salaries 393 30 From donations ., 796 16 Total receipts $1,295 47 $1,295 47 Statement showing moyement of population is not given. 52 CHICAGO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated May 28, 1879. Charles A. Balr. President. Helen G. Brown. Secretary. D. F. Brenner. Vice-President. Helma Grace, Superintendent and Treasurer. Statement showinc financial condition not given. Receipts and Disbursents, For year ending December 31, 1900. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on band at besrinnine: of $ 294 03 9, 166 63 1.858 00 6.918 02 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. Salaries $ 133 61 822 45 Other expenses 17.280 62 Total disbursements Prom other sources $18,236 68 $18,236 68 Movement of Population, For year ending December 81, 1900. Children. Female. Children. Female. Present at beginning; of year 175 154 102 431 Placed in homes 98 Committed by court Returned to friends 143 Died 3 Present at end of year 187 Total Total 431 53 DANISH LUTHERAN ORPHANS' HOME, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated February 7, 1883. M. Rasmussen, President. J. Johansen. Vice-President. S. N. Nielson, Secretary. Mrs. C. Olsen, Matron. Financial condition, July 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. Lands $3,000 00 2.500 00 500 00 789 27 Not reported $ Buildings Total liabilities ... Furniture and stationery Cash on hand Total assets $6,789 27 $ Receipts and Disbursements, For year ending June 30, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- cal year $ 705 41 1.731 22 139 00 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. Salaries $ 789 27 180 00 From donations Other expenses 1 606 36 From other sources T otal receipts 2.575 63 $2,575 63 Movement of Population, For year ending June 30, 1901. Children. •=1 a B 5* o Children. a B o so Present at beginning of 13 4 18 2 31 6 Returned to friends 4 13 1 19 5 Present at end of year Total 32 Received Total 17 20 37 17 20 37 54 EDGAR COUNTY CHILDREN'S HOME Of Paris, 111. Incorporated October 14, 1896. Mrs. Jane E. Bishop. President. Eleanor F. Eads, Secretary. Mrs John Palmer. Vice President. W. E. Redman, Treasurer. Mrs. Margaret Carson. Matron. Financial Condition September 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. Investments $10,000 00 500 00 Not reported $ Furniture and fixtures Total liabilities Total assets $10,500 00 $ Statement showing receipis and disbursements and movement of population are not given. EVANGELICAL ORPHANS' HOME. Of Hoyleton, Illinois. Rev. J. H. Dinkmeier, President. C. G. Liberherr, Superintendent. Incorporated July 29, 1896, Rev. E. Berger. Secretary, Rev. M. Schroedel. Treasurer Financial Condition May 5, 1901. Assets, Liabilities. Lands 51.000 00 9.000 00 2.000 00 54 73 Loans Surplus Total liabilities $ 550 00 Buildings 11.504 73 Furniture and stationery Cash on hand Total assets $12,054 73 $12,054 73 Receipts and Disbursements For y9ar ending May 5, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- cal year $ 25 17 2. 163 55 291 83 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year $ 54 73 590 00 Prom donations Other expenses 1,835 82 From other sovrces Total disbursements Total receipts $2,480 56 $2,480 65 55 Movement of Population For year ending May 5, 1901. Children. Female . . Male o Children. o Present at begrinning: of year 22 17 3 39 Returned to friends 2 20 2 18 4 Present at end of year Total 38 Total 22 20 42 22 20 42 GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL HOME, Of Bloomington, Illinois. Incorporated March 12, 1889. Mrs. Joseph Means, President. Mrs. Sue A. Sanders, Secretary. Mrs. H. C. DeMotte, Vice President. Mrs. F. H. Ela, Treasurer. Mrs. J. C. Armstrong, Superintendent. Financial condition January 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. Lands $5,000 00 3,500 00 600 00 213 53 Bills payable $ 600 00 Buildings Loans 3,000 00 Furniture an d stationery Interest due 105 00 Cash on hand Surplus 5 608 53 Total liabilities Total assets $9,313 53 $9,313 53 Receipts and Disbursements, For the year ending January 1, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- cal year $ 203 53 2,231 00 174 25 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year Salaries $ 213 53 741 00 From public funds Other expenses 1.654 25 From other sources Total receipts $2,608 78 $2,608 78 Movement op Population, For the year ending January 1, 1901. Children. Female. Children. Female. Present at beginning of year 12 9 9 Placed in homes 4 Committed by court Returned to friends 3 Received otherwise 23 Total Total 30 30 56 GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL HOME, Of Bloomington, Illinois. Incorporated March 12, 1889. Mrs. Joseph Means. President. Mrs. H. C. DeMotte. Secretary. Mrs. J. U. Garver. Vice President. Mrs. V. H. Ela. Treasurer. Mrs. J. C. Arnistronff, Superintendent. Financial condition January 1, 1902. Assets. Liabilities. Lands $5,000 00 3.500 00 600 00 Bills payable $ 600 GO Loans 3,000 00 Furniture and stationery Interest due 105 00 Surplus 6.895 00 Total liabilities Total assets $9.100 00 S9. 100 00 Receipts and Disbdrsements For year ending January 1, 1902. Receipts. Disbursements. $ 213 S3 2,295 28 5 00 84 75 8 7« Salaries $ 792 60 Other expenses 1,814 80 Total disbursements From donations From other sources Amount to balance Total receipts $2,607 30 $2,607 30 Movement of Population For year ending January 1, 1902. Children. Female. Children. Female. Present at begrinninEr of year 23 3 10 Placed in homes 7 Committed by court 1 Returned to friends 8 Received otherwise Died 1 20 Total Total 36 36 57 HOME OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, Of Peoria, Illinois. Anna Tellers. President. Annie Hughes, Superintendent and Treasurer Incorporated April 11, 1892. Eva Baehr, Secretary. Financial Condition January 1, 1902. Assets. Liabilities. Lands $ 9.000 00 23, 000 00 4,000 00 3.000 00 Surplus $39,000 00 Buildings Total liabilities Furniture and stationery Total assets $39,000 00 $39,000 00 Receipts and Disbursements, For year ending January 1, 1902. Receipts. Disbursements. From public funds $ 232 52 1,059 75 7,476 43 Expenses $8, 768 70 From donations Total disbursements From other sources Total receipts $8,768 70 $8, 768 70 Movement of Population, For year ending January 1, 1902. Children. Female. Children. Female. Present at beginning of year 64 3 39 Placed in homes 10 Committed by court Returned to friends 18 Received otherwise Died 1 Present at end of year 67 Total • Total 96 96 58 ILLINOIS CHARITABLE RELIEF CORPS. Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated October 11, 1897. M. E. Ames. President. .lames F. Kennedy. Recording Secretary. Charles O'Donnell, Treasurer. Financial Condition October 24, 1901, Assets. Liabilities. Furniture and stationery S 35 00 804 73 Surplus . S839 73 Cash on hand Total Total assets $839 73 $839 73 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending October 24, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at besrinnine: of fis cal year $1,149 74 1,622 30 S2, 772 01 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. {Expenses $ 804 73 1,967 31 Fron: all sources j j Total disbursements Total receipts $2,772 04 Movement of Population For year ending October 24, 1901. Children. f o Children. E. 9 B SL E. Committed by court 165 95 260 Placed in homes 1 60 14 100 2 23 6 64 3 Placed in Institutions Returned to friends Present at end of year Total 78 20 164 Total 165 96 260 165 96 260 59 ILLINOIS CHILDREN'S HOME AND AID SOCIETY, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated June, 1897. R. J. Bennett, President. Hastings H. Hart, Superintendent. Mrs. H. H. Gross. Secretary. Frank B. Tohey. Treasurer, Financial Condition June 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. $8,440 00 1,263 00 3.300 00 242 00 Bills payable $5,652 00 Furniture and stationery Surplus 7,593 00 Bills receivable Total liabilities $13,245 00 $13,246 00 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending June 30, 1901, Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fls- $ 608 70 3,654 40 31,631 39 6,586 07 $42,480 56 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year $ 242 00 1,440 00 From public funds Salaries 16,914 00 From donations Other expenses, 23.884 56 Total disbursements Total receipts $42,480 56 Movement of Population For year ending June 80, 1901. Children. H o Children. 1^ E. 51 464 516 371 Returned to friends 18 Died 25 Present at end of year 86 15 Total Total 515 Of above 304 were new cases, 211 for replacement, 99 handled more than once are counted twice. There were 416 different children. 60 ILLINOIS HUMANE SOCIETY, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated March 25, lb69, John Q. Shortall, President. Ferd W. Peck. Vice-President. Belden F. Culver, Secretary. Charles E. Murison. Treasurer. Statements showinc financial condition, receipts and disbursementc and movement of population are not eiven. ILLINOIS MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL FARM, Of Glenwood, Illinois. Incorporated February 8, 1887. Edward B. Butler. President. F. T. Haskell. Vice-President. Oscar L. Dudley. Secretary. Edwin Q. Foreman. Treasurer. Financial condition May 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. Lands $ 60.000 00 215.876 95 700 00 6,400 00 600 00 690 76 Not reported $ Total liabilities lu Vestments Loans on real estate Loans on collateral security Total assets $284,267 71 S Receipts and Disbursements For year ending April 30, 1901 . Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginnineof fiscal year $ 358 10 18,420 29 10,131 08 8,490 91 3.800 28 'Cash on hand at end of fiscal year > Salaries $ 690 76 15. 639 05 24. 870 85 From donations Total disbursements Amount to balance Total receipts $41,200 66 »41.200 66 Movement of Population For year ending April 30, 1901. Children. Male. Children. Male. 273 219 ' 145 637 168 200 Received otherwise . .. . . ... Died 3 276 Total Total 637 61 ILLINOIS MASONIC ORPHAN'S HOME. Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated March 11, 1885. Ludwig Wolff, President. Chester S. Gurney. Secretary. Thomas E. Miller, Vice President. John C. Smith, Treasurer. John S. Stebbins, Superintendent. Financial Condition January 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. S20,000 00 30,000 00 15,003 65 4,820 12 8,912 45 1, 799 52 227 50 43 45 Surplus $80,806 69 Total liabilities Investments Fuel $80,806 69 $80,806 69 Receipts and Disbursements, For the year ending December 81, 1900. Receipts, Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal year S 9.612 38 19,001 81 7, 199 85 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. Investments $ 8.912 45 13.000 00 From donations Salaries 3 469 50 From other sources Other expenses 10,432 09 Total receipts $35,814 04 $35 814 04 Movement of Population, For the year ending December 31, 1900. Children. B o E Children. 5* ►5 B S. 5* o Present at beginning of 32 11 36 6 68 17 Returned to friends 6 37 3 39 9 year Present at end of year .^ Total 76 Received otherwise Total 43 42 85 43 42 85 62 PEORIA COUNTY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS AND HOME OF BLESSING. Of Peoria, Illinois. Incorporated April 30, 1892. Mrs. Sarah M. Hamilton, President. Mrs. Jennie Waterhouse, Secretary. Mrs. Albina Barrett, Vice President. Miss Hattie Scliimpflf, Treaiarer Mrs. Sarah P. Kimball, Superintendent. Financial Condition June 1, 1901. Assets. Liabilities. S3, 000 00 5.000 00 249 50 Bills payable 11,400 00 ♦Buildings Interest due 90 00 Surplus 8,203 37 1,090 00 35i 87 1 Total liabilities $9,693 37 $9,698 37 * Another society claims the above lands and buildings, and the question is before the courts. Receipts and Disbursements, For the year ending May 31, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of $ 506 39 3,652 45 470 98 (Jaah on hand at end of fiscal year. Salaries S 353 87 1,330 45 From public funds Other expenses 2.945 50 Total disbursements Total receipts $4,629 82 $4,629 82 Movement of Population, For the year ending May 31, 1901. Children. Female. Children. Female. Present at beginning of year 26 8 19 Placed in homes 11 3 2 Ran away t 32 Present at end of year Total Total 62 62 NoTK.— Of above 8 were new cases, 19 for replacement. 63 PEORIA COUNTY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS AND HOME OF BLESSING, Of Peoria, Illinois. Incorporated April 30, 1892. Mrs. Sarah M. Hamilton. President. Mrs. Jennie Waterhouse, Secretary. Mrs. Albina Barrett, Vice-President. Miss Hattie Schimpff, Treasurer. Mrs. Sarah P. Kimball, Superintendent. Financial condition June 1, 1902. Assets. Liabilities. Furniture and stationery $200 00 307 90 279 33 Bills payable $115 00 Surplus 672 23 Total liabilities $787 23 $787 23 Receipts and Disbursements For the year ending May 31, 1902. Receipts . Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal year $ 353 87 4,219 60 80 703 75 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year Salaries $ 279 33 1,337 30 Prom public funds Other expenses 3,661 39 Total disbursements From other sources $5,278 02 $5,278 02 Movement of Population For the year ending May 31, 1902. Children. Female. Children. Female. 32 3 9 Placed in homes 8 Placed in institutions 1 Received otherwise Returned to friends 2 Died 1 Adopted 1 31 Total Total 44 44 Note.— In actual possession of society, 32. Of above 3 were new cases, 9 for replace- ment. 64 SAINT JOSEPH'S PROVIDENCE ORPHAN ASYLUM, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated August 10, 1885 Sister P. Xavler (Catherine Mahoney). President. Treasurer and Superintendent. Sister M. Patricia (Frances Corbett), Vice-President. Sister M. Laurentine (Ellen M. Ryan), Secretary Statement showing: financial condition not given. Receipts and Disbursements For the year ending June 80, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal $4,000 00 2,148 89 8,624 15 $14,773 04 j Cash on hand at end of fiscal year Salaries $5.256 84 1,386 75 Other expenses 8,129 45 Total disbursements Total receipts $14. 773 04 Movement of Population For the year ending June 80, 1901. Children. Male. Children. Male. Present at beginning of year 258 150 12 Returned to friends 140 256 Total Total 308 308 65 ST. VINCENT'S INFANT ASYLUM, Of Chicago. Illinois. Incorporated June 29, 1888. Sister Gertrude Cooney, President and Superintendent. Sister Agnes Padgett, Secretary. Statement showing financial condition not given. Receipts and Disbursements, For the year ending June 30, 1901. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- cal year $ 146 49 12,000 00 714 86 39,039 55 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year Salaries $ 580 61 3. 189 60 From public funds Other expenses 48 130 69 Total disbursements From other sources Total receipts $51,900 90 $51,900 90 Movement of Population, For the year ending June 30, 1901, Children. g « B £- a" o Children. Female. o Present at beginning of 70 54 382 14 103 36 352 16 173 90 734 3C Placed in homes 15 6 178 170 151 18 2 232 155 100 £» year Placed in institutions Returned to friends Died g Committed by court From relatives and friends 410 325 Received otherwise Present at end of year Total 251 Total 570 507 1.027 520 507 1.027 — 5C. 66 THE ANNA B. MILLIKIN HOME AND MACON COUNTY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Of Decatur, Illinois. Incorporated about February 7, 1893. Mrs. Martha Buckinsrham, President. Mrs. Jennie M. Kriedler, Secretary. Mrs. Eliza Crary. Vice President. Mrs. Sarah D. Hill, Treasurer. Lydia H. Dutton, Superintendent. Financial Condition February 4, 1902. Assets. Liabilities. Lands Buildings Furniture and stationery Bills roceivai)le Cash on hand Total assets $ 2.000 00 27,500 00 600 00 1,471 52 2.234 00 $33,705 52 Bills payable Surplus Total liabilities S 1.600 00 32.205 52 $33, 705 52 Receipts and Dibbuksements, For year ending February 4, 1902. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginnine of fis- cal year $ 185 42 927 33 24.271 57 $25,384 32 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year Buildings S 2.231 00 21,556 44 497 00 Other expenses 1.096 88 Total disbursements Total receipts $25,384 32 Movement of Population, For year ending February 4, 1902. Children. B E. 5* Children. E. A B a" o Present at beerinnins; of year 1 4 9 1 19 9 2 23 3 10 8 3 8 13 Placed In institutions 8 Returned to friends 3 Died 1 1 1 Present at end of year Total 9 Total 5 29 34 6 29 34 67 INSPECTION OF COUNTY ALMSHOUSES AND JAILS. Pursuant to the provisions of the lunacy law, the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities has appointed ninety-two boards of auxiliary visitors of county almshouses, jails, etc. The law pro- vides that each board shall be composed of three persons, one of whom may be a woman, and at least one of whom shall be a qualified physician. No compensation or allowance for expenses whatever is granted. These boards are authorized to visit and inspect every almshouse, jail, house or place within their respective counties in which anj'^ person of unsound mind is, or may be detained, except State and licensed private hospitals for the insane, and to report to this board the conditions existing. Of the 92 boards appointed, 81 sent reports to this office. Inspec- tions of the almshouses and jails in the other 21 counties were made by representatives of the State Board. It is a pleasure to report that the general condition of the alms- houses and jails in this State is improving, although very unsatis- factory conditions exist in many of the southern counties, particu- larly in Hamilton, Jasper, Massac, Saline, Wayne and Williamson. The chief matters calling for criticism in certain institutions are neglect and lack of care, old and unsanitary buildings, insufficient heating, lack of ventilation, bad plumbing, or none at all, lack of bathing facilities, impure and insufficient supply of water and inade- quate fire protection. Lack of adequate provision and proper help to care for the insane is also a general complaint made by the inspectors. Conditions ex- ist, in some places, on account of insufficient help and improper pro- vision, that are inexcusable. This board has no power to enforce recommendations made by the inspectors for the improvement of these institutions. In certain cases it has called the attention of the county authorities to the bad conditions existing and requested that they be remedied. Possibly this has had a good eflPect in some coun- ties, but what the State needs is a law similar to the one in force in the State of New York, which compels the correction of such evils. The law referred to provides that "if it shall appear, after investiga- tion, that the inmates of an institution are cruelly, negligently or im- properly treated, or inadequate provision is made for their sustenance, clothing, care, supervision, or other conditions necessary to their comfort and well being, said board may issue an order, in the name of the People and under its official seal, directed to the proper officers 68 or managers of such institution, requiring them to modify such treatment or apply such remedy, or both, as shall therein be speci- fied." The law also provides "that such an order shall be approved by a justice of the Supreme Court and any person to whom such an order is directed who shall wilfully refuse to obey the same, shall upon conviction, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor." In some states all plans for the construction of new almshouses and jails or the reconstruction of old ones, have to be submitted to the State Board for approval. This we think is a wise enactment and should be embodied in our laws. At the various dates of inspection, which were practically June 80, 1902, the total number of inmates in the almshouses was 6,b30. Of this number, 2,986 were insane; 334 idiotic or feeble-minded; o-l deaf mutes; 154 blind; 365 epileptics; 158 children under ]6 years of age, and 2,779 not classified, the majority of whom are old and de- crepit. The reports show that there were 123 insane wearing re- straint and 121 locked in rooms in the different almshouses. The reports also show that there were 1,284 prisoners in the county jails at the various dates of inspection. Of this number, 749 were awaiting trial; 383 serving sentences; 28 awaiting transfer to the penitentiaries; 19 awaiting transfer to the State Eeformatory; six debtors; 80 city prisoners and 19 insane awaiting admission to hos- pitals. Tables apended to this report show the number of inmates in each county almshouse classified as above indicated and with respect to color, nativity and sex. They also show the number and classifica- tion of prisoners present in each county jail under and over 16 years of age. Abstracts of the reports relative to the inspections by the different boards of auxiliary visitors and representatives of the State Board are given as follows: ALMSHOUSES. Adams — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board.) The buildiuffs of this institution are exceptionally clean throup;hout. They are heated by steam; the rooms are well ventilated, being aired regularly by means of the windows and two ventilators. The plumbing is in fair condition and the quality o£ the water is good and the supply abundant. The sexes are cared for on different floors. The insane, all of whom have been properly committed, are kept in separate wards and a special attendant is assigned for each sex. One dangerouslj' insane man is locked up in a room. Only one-half of the insane have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is not very good. They are pale and some show the effects of being confined in doors. They should be given more freedom. There is a woman in the almshouse, who, your visitor is informed, has been here for 42 years. She is totally blind, having destroyed her eyesight some years ago with her finger nails. Of late years her lower limbs have been drawn up so that her knees are almost even with her chin and in this position she remains in bed all the time. Her bed is a very crude affair. It consists of a wooden box half filled with straw with a metal pan underneath. The straw is changed everyday. It is a pitiable sight to see her curled up in a blanket on the // 69 straw in this primitive bed and the visitor suggests that the horse stable features be ehminated and means provided by which she may be cared for in a decent manner. In two of the cells where the insane are kept there are two large iron chains securely fastened to the floor. Upon inquiry the superintendent informed the visitor that these chains are no longer used to restrain the inmates. How- ever, the visitor is of the opinion that they should be removed as they are very suggestive and detrimental to the improvement of the minds of those confined there. The food is considered good and sufficient. Suitable clothing is furnished and the bedding is clean, but the place is not entirely free from vermin. There are four bathtubs and bathing rules are rigidly enforced. Religious services are held occasionally. Light employment is provided for all who are able to work. The county owns the farm, which consists of 160 acres. Three acres are in young orchard. Vegetables are raised in abundance. The farm appears to be in a fine condition. Alexander. — The buildings of this institution are in a good sanitary condi- tion. Stoves furnish the necessary heat, but there is no plumbing. The ven- tilation is by means of windows and doors and is regularly attended to. There is a good supply of water from wells aud cisterns. The fire protection is ordinary. The sexes are kept in different parts of the building. Whole- some and sufficient food is furnished three times a day for the inmates and the clothing is sufficient. The beds are clean. Considering the lack of plumbing, the bathing facilities are good. All who are able are assigned light work. Religious services are seldom held at the almshouse on account of the lack of volunteers to conduct them. The county owns the farm and it is in good condition, the ground being worked to the best advantage. Bond. — The sanitation of the buildings is good, the heating is sufficient and special care is taken as to ventilation. The plumbing is in good condition and the water supply abundant and of good quality. The fire protection is fair. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane, but no special attendants are employed. One of the insane inmates is locked in a room at night. The general appearance of the insane is as good as can be expected. The male and female inmates are eared for in separate departments. The discipline is not severe. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend church. Religious services are held at the institution twice a month. Work is pro- vided for those who desire it. The county owns the farm. Some fruit and enough vegetables to supply the needs of the institution are grown. The farm is fairly well tilled. Boone— The general condition of this almshouse is good. There is a com- plete separation of the sexes, but no separate provision is made for the in- sane. At the time of the inspection there were no insane present. Proper food and sufficient clothing are furnished the inmates. The beds are clean and the place free from vermin. Bathtubs are provided and inmates are re- quired to bathe regularly aud keep clean. There are no inhumane regula- tions for the government of the inmates. Light work is provided for all who are able. The farm is not owned by the county. The pauper patients are main- tained^here under contract. Brown — There is no system of ventilation in these buildings other than doors and windows. Neither is there any plumbing or fire protection of any kind. There is an abundance of water, but it is of poor quality. The sexes are properly separated. There are no insane present. All of the inmates are provided with good food, suitable clothing and clean beds. The facilities for personal cleanliness are insufficient, there being no bath tubs. However, the inmates are required to bathe weekly and change their under- clothing. The regulations are not severe. Religious services are held in the institution once a month. Light work is provided for the inmates. The farm is in good condition. There are apple bearing trees, but no other fruit. Vegetables are raised in abundance. 70 Bureau — The buildings of this institution are in a pood sanitary condition. The water supplj' is abundant for common use and for fire protection. Male and female inmates occupy different buildings, each department havinpf its own employes. The food is wholesome. The clothinp is sufiBcient and the bedding good. The bathing facilities are adequate. Work is provided for all who are able to perform manual labor, and the discipline is not unneces- sarily severe. Relatives of inmates who are able are required to aid in their support. Fruit and vegetables are raised in abundance on the farm, which is owned by the county. Provision is made only for the temporary detention of children. The provisions for caring for the insane are ample and are such as to give them all the freedom consistent with their condition. Callwun — The sanitary condition of these buildings is good, the heating sufficient and the system of ventilation satisfactory. There is an abundant supply of good water and adequate fire protection. The sexes are cared for in separate buildings. The board recommends that one of the female insane inmates be .sent to a State hospital. She has a mania to burn herself up and to set fire to the buildings. She is not a de- sirable inmate as she has no special nurse to watch her. Her folks are poor and for this reason she is confined at the almshouse. Good and suitable food and sufficient clothing is furnished the inmates. All have clean beds and sufficient bedding. Bath tubs are provided and all are required to bathe and change underclothing regularly. The discipline is not severe. No religious services are held at the almshouse. Light work is pro- vided for such of the inmates as desire to work. The farm is owned by the county and is in good condition. Small fruits and vegetables are raised. Carroll — The buildings of this almshouse are in good condition. The heat- ing system is sufficient and safe, and the ventilation is good. The plumbing is in good sanitary condition and the water supply is abundant. The protec- tion against fire is inadequate. The male aud female inmates are kept in separate departments. Three meals daily are furnished the inmates of whole- some and sufficient food. Their clothing is sufficient and the beds clean. The facilities for personal cleanliness are adequate. Bath tubs are provided for the inmates, and they are required to bathe and change their undercloth- ing at regular intervals. Inmates who desire ai-e permitted to attend church and religious services. Employment is provided for those who are able to work. The general appearance of the inmates is exceptionally good, all of them having out-door exercise. The county owns the farm, which is kept in good condition. Many of the fruit trees which were ruined by a recent cyclone have been supplanted by healthy young trees. The land seems to be worked systematically and to the best advantage. Cass — The sanitary condition of this building is very good. The heating is by steam and is sufficient. The ventilation is only fair but the rooms are aired daily. There is no plumbing or water in the building. The water sup- ply is abundant and of good quality. There is practically no fire protection. There are three insane inmates who hav^e been returned from the State hos- pital at Jacksonville. The committee is of the opinion that they could be better cared for at Jacksonville as no separate provision or separate attend- ants are provided for them. All insane inmates have been adjudged insane. They are not under restraint and have plenty of out-door exercise. The general appearance of them is only fair. The .«exes have separate rooms but have every opportunity for int(»rming- ling. Proper food is furnished the inmato.s and their clothing is sufficient. The beds are clean and are provided with abundant covering. The facilities for personal cleanliness are adequate and tho inmates are required to bathe regularly and change their underclothing. Religious services are held at the institution, and those who desire are permitted to attend services elsewhei'e. The farm is in first class condition. Sufficient fruit trees are planted and vegetables are raised in abundance. The laud seems to be worked to the best advantage. 71 Champaign — The sanitary condition of the buildings is considered good. They are heated by steam, the ventilation is good, all of the rooms being well aired. The plumbing is good and the water supply is abundant. The fire protection, however, is not sufficient. Separate and adequate provision is made for the insane inmates. They also have special attendants. None are locked up or in restraint and all have outdoor exercise. All appear to be clean and well cared for. The sexes are kept in different departments. The inmates are furnished good food and sufficient clothing. The beds are very clean and are provided with plenty of covering. B athtubs are provided and the inmates are required to bathe and change their clothing once a week. The regulations are not severe. No religious services are held at the alms- house. Farm work is only required of inmates who are physically able. The farm is owned by the county. It has plenty of fruit and vegetables and is in good condition. Christian — The buildings are in very good condition and the sanitation and ventilation are also good. There is no plumbing and no fire protection. There is an abundant supply of water. Cells are provided for the insane but they have no attendants. Two are locked up. They are quiet and clean. An inmate says of these they have not been out of their cells for exercise for six months. The committee recommends that reading matter be furnished the inmates; also that bathtubs be provided, and that four feeble-minded in- mates be sent to the institution at Lincoln. The committee reports that it was advised by some of the inmates that insufficient food is provided and that the clothing is not ample. There are no bathtubs and the inmates are not re- quired to bathe regularly. The regulations regarding discipline are not se- vere. No religious services are held in the institution and there is no church near enough to permit the attendance of the inmates. Plenty of work is pro- vided for those who desire employment. The county owns the farm, which is in good condition. The land is systematically worked. Clark — The buildings have no sewerage system. They are heated by stoves. There is plenty of good well water. A complete separation of the sexes is made. The quarters for the insane are inadequate and they have no special attendants. Two of the insane have no outdoor exercise. The superintendent complains about not being pro- vided with electric lights, because the inmates are of such a character that he cannot trust them with lamps. The inmates are fairly well clothed and are supplied with proper food in sufficient quantities. The beds are clean and plenty of covering is provided. There are no bath tubs and only occasionally do the inmates bathe. The discipline is not severe. Inmates who are able are permitted to attend church and religious services are held weekly. The county owns the farm. There is plenty of small fruit and vegetables. Shade trees should be planted. Clay — The sanitary condition of the buildings is good, the heating sufficient and the system of ventilation adequate. The water is abundant and pure. There is no fire protection. No provision is made for the separation of sexes. Proper food and sufficient clothing is furnished the inmates and the beds are clean and provided with adequate covering. Washtubs are used for bathing purposes. The regula- tions are not severe. Inmates* who desire are permitted to attend church. Light work is provided for all. The county owns the farm and it is in good condition. Clinton — The buildings of this institution are in as good a sanitary condi- tion as they can be, considering that they are not provided with waterworks or modern heating facilities. The rooms are aired and the ventilation is fair. The water supply is from wells, is abundant and unpolluted by sewage. There is no fire protection. The sexes are separated. The inmates are reasonably well fed, being furnished three meals of wholesome food every day. The clothing and bedding are sufficient. There are no bathing facili- ties. The rules for the government of the inmates are not severe, old and 72 feeble inmates being permitted to lie down during the day. Inmates are permitted to attend church, but no religious services are conducted at the alrashouie. Light employment is provided for all who are able to work. The farm contains IGO acres and is in good condition. Small fruits and vege- tables are raised in abundance. None of the insane patients are violent. They are permitted the freedom of the grounds, it not being necessary to lock them up or put them in restraint. Coles. — The sanitary condition of this building is fair. The heating is by stoves and is sufiBcient. There is no regular system of ventilation, but plenty of fresh air ib easily obtained. There is no plumbing. The water supply is from a well and cistern. There is no fire protection. There is no special provision for the insane. One inmate who is insane has not been so adjudged by the court. None are locked up or in restraint. There is one inmate who never has outdoor exercise. The general appear- ance of the insane is fair. The meals furnished the inmates consist of coffee three times a day, meat twice a daj', milk three times a day and vegetables in abundance. Butter and eggs are also provided. The beds are clean and supplied with abundant covering. The inmates generally look after their own rooms. Bathtubs are provided and all are required to keep clean. All physically able are free to attend church. The county owns the farm, and it is well managed. It consists of 237 acres, with plenty of apples and peaches. Cook (Inspected by a representative of the State board). — The sanitary condition of the buildings at this institution is excellent. Thej' are venti- lated by air shaft, windows, etc. The plumbing is in good condition. The water supply is from the city and artesian wells. The fire protection is good, there being a line of hose to every ward, and also a fire department consist- ing of two large hose reels. The separation of the sexes is complete. There are three buildings on the grounds — namely, insane hospital, consumptive hospital and poorhouse. There are two attendants on each ward of the insane hospital, day and night. Between 50 and GO insane wear restraint all the time, and about 100 who are under restraint during violent periods. The wards are crowded, with the ex- ception of the consumptive hospital. The food furnished is good and the supply plentiful. The bathing facili- ties are good and all the inmates have a cleanly appearance. Religious serv- ices are held regularly in the chapel. There are no inhumane regulations for the government of the inmates. The feeble and sick are permitted to lie down at any time. The farm consists of 267 acres of land, of which 200 acres are under culti- vation. There are five acres in orchard. Crawford. — The buildings are in a fair sanitary condition, and the heating and ventilation are suflieient. There is no plumbing. The water supply is abundant and of good quality, and there seems to be adequate fire protection. Separate departments are provided for the sexes. There are no special attendants for the insane. They are locked up. There are three insane inmates, two females and one male. The women have been adjudged insane and are perfectly harmless. They have been in the institu- tion a number of years. The insane man is a cripple, and does not go out of his room only when he is wheeled out. The general appearance of these in- sane inmates is fair. The inmates are furnished v/ith proper food and sufficient clothing. The beds are fairly clean. The inmates are required to bathe regularly and change their underclothing. The regulations are not severe. Religious serv- ices are not held regularly, but the inmates are permitted to attend church services elsewhere. The county owns the farm, which is in fair condition. The land is reason- ably well worked. 73 Cumberland— The buildings are in a fair sanitary condition. They are heated by stoves, but there is no plumbing. Ample accommodations are provided for the separation of the sexes. Three meals daily, of good suitable food, are furnishedj the inmates. The clothing is fairly good. Considering the condition of the building, the beds are kept as free from vermin as possi- ble. They are clean, however. The inmates are required to change their underclothing every week. There are no severe regulations, but work is provided for all who are physically able to perform it. There are no special attendants for the insane inmates. All of the insane patients have been ad- judged insane by the court, some of them having been returned from the State Insane Hospital as incurable. All insane patients have out-door exer- cise, but their general appearance is not very good. The farm consists of 120 acres and is owned by the county. The farm buildings are not in a very good condition and there is an absence of fruit trees and small fruits. Enough vegetables are raised for consumption during the summer months. DeKalb — The buildings are clean and the sanitation considered good. Water is furnished from a deep well and seems to be good and pure. Fire protection is afforded by two chemical Are extinguishers. This is not consid- ered sufficient. The buildings are heated by furnaces and hot water. The sexes are kept separate. Four of the insane inmates have not been so ad- judged. The insane inmates are not separated from the sane. The major portion of the insane are those sent back from the State Hospital as county charges, on account of the quota of the county at the State Hospital being full. The Auxiliary Board recommends that the practice of the management of the State Hospital in returning only pauper eases, be discontinued. The general appearance of the insane is good. The food furnished all the in- mates seems to be good, wholesome and plenty. The inmates have three meals daily in summer and two in winter. The beds are clean and comforta- ble. No religious services are held at the almshouse. The county owns the farm and it is in good condition. DeWitt — While the buildings are old, they are in good repair and the sani- tary condition is excellent. The male and female inmates are cared for in separate buildings. Proper food and sufficient clothing are furnished. The beds are clean and provided with sufficient covering for winter. The institution has adequate facilities and all are required to bathe and change their clothing regularly. The regu- lations for the government of the inmates are not severe and they are humanely treated. Some of them do light work about the place but it is not compulsory. The county owns a splendid farm of 160 acres. There is a good orchard and small fruits are raised. The farm is more than self sustaining. Douglas — The sanitary condition is good. The heating arrangements are sufficient and the system of ventilation seems to be good. There is no ade- quate fire protection. The sexes are kept in separate buildings. Sufficient clothing and proper food are furnished the inmates. The beds are clean and the supply of cover- ing is ample. Bath tubs are provided and the rules requiring regular bathing are enforced. The regulations as to discipline are not severe. The old and feeble are provided with many comforts and all are kindly treated. Occa- sional religious services are held in the institution. All who are physically able are expected to do some light work. The supply of small fruits raised on the farm is not adequate for the inmates. DuPage (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The sani- tary conditions are the best. The institution is heated by steam and it is well ventilated, great care being taken to have plenty of fresh air. The plumbing is in very good shape and the water closets and bath tubs are in an excellent sanitary condition. There is a large elevated water tank which gives a pressure of 45 pounds, being connected with two lines of hose on each floor of the building. 74 The male and female inmates are cared for in separate ends of the buildinpr. The separation of the sane and insane is not complete. There is one attend- ant for the men and one for the women. All of the insane have been regu- larly committed. None of them are locked up in rooms or put in restraint and they come and go as they please around the house and grounds. Proper food and clothing are furnished the inmates. The beds are very clean and the covering abundant. There are ten bath tubs and the inmates are required to bathe regularly. Religious services are held at the almshouse every Sunday, services being held alternately in the German and English language. Those who desire to work are given some employment about the house or farm. The farm consists of 143 acres, of which 120 is under cultivation. There is an orchard of one and half acres and about twice as much in vegetables. The general appearance of the place is excellent and it is a great credit to the county. Edgar — The buildings of this almshouse are in good sanitary condition and are well ventilated. They are heated by steam and the water is furnished by means of a wind pump. The plumbing is good. There is separate and ade- quate provision for the insane. The appearance of the insane inmates is fairly good. Male and female inmates are kept in separate departments. The inmates are properly fed, have sufficient clothing, the beds are clean and are provided with abundant covering for cold weather. There are adequate facilities for personal cleanliness. The regulations are not unnecessarily se- vere. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend religious services. Light work is provided for those who desire employment. The county owns a farm of 120 acres and it is in first- class condition. An abundance of fruit and vegetables are raised. Edivards — The buildings are in good sanitary condition, the heating is suf- ficient and the ventilation good. The water supply is abundant, but there is no tire protection. One male inmate who is of sound mind is a mischief-maker and a great trial to the superintendent and his wife. Something should be done to relieve the superintendent from such annoyance. The male and female inmates are cared for in separate departments. The inmates are properly fed, the cloth- ing sufficient and the beds clean and provided with abundant covering. There are no bathtubs, but inmates are required to bathe once a week. The regu- lations are not unnecessarily severe. Religious services are held on the sec- ond and fourth Sundays of each month. The county owns the farm. There is a splendid orchard and garden in con- nection with it. The farm is well worked and everything is in tine condition. Effingham — The report from this county is verymeagf^r. Bathtubs are pro- vided and the inmates are required to observe the ruKs with regard to per- sonal cleanliness. The board sajs: "The keeper of the almshouse has undertaken to feed and clothe the inmates for $1.50 a week each, and it is hardly necessary to state that the results are not satisfactory." Fayette — The buildings of this institution are in a good sanitary condition and are sufficiently heated. The ventilation is good. Tht've is no plutnbiiig. A good supply of water is furnished from a well. There is no special tire protection. Male and female inmates are cared for in separate buildings. Ko separate provision is m.ide for insane inmates. At the time of the inspec- tion one insane patient, who is subject to periodical insanity, was locked up. There are none who do not have the opportunity to get outdoor exercise. Good substantial food and sufficient clothing are furnished the inmates. They have good beds and plenty of bed clothing. The buildings are not free from vermin, although pains havo been taken to get rid of them. There is but one bathtub in the institution. Inmates are required to bathe regularly !\nd change their clothing. The regulations are not severe All who desire are permitted to attend church. Work is provided for those who are able. The farm is in good condition, 20 acres of it being in orchard, but there are no small fruits. 75 Ford. — The buildings are in first class condition. They are heated by steam and the plumbing is good. The water supply is good and sufl&cient. There is adequate fire protection. The separation of the sexes is complete. There is separate provision for the insane, but there are no special attendants. Four of the insane inmates have not been adjudged by the courts. None are locked up or in restraint, but five of them never have outdoor exercise, two of them being old and infirm. Proper food and sufficient clothing are provided for all inmates. The beds are clean and supplied with the necessary covering. Bathtubs are provided, and all ate required to bathe at least once a week. The discipline is not severe. Inmates are permitted to attend religious services when they are able. Employment is furnished for those who desire it. The county owns the farm. It is in good condition, and produces sufficient small fruits and vegetables for the inmates. Franklin — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) With the exception of the men's building, the institution is in good sanitary condition. It is heated by stoves, and the rooms are thoroughly aired daily. There is no plumbing. The water supply, which is from a well and three cisterns, is good. The sexes are cared for in separate buildings. There is only one insane man here, he being afflicted but mildly, and he is cared for with the other men. The general appearance of the inmates is good. They are furnished with good food and are fairly well clothed. The beds are clean. Ttie facilities for personal cleanliness are poor, there being no bathtubs. Each building has two washtubs, which are used for bathing purposes, and all the inmates are required to bathe once a week. The regulations are not severe. Religious services are held at irregular intervals. All those who desire are given light work about the place. The county owns the farm, which consists of 20 acres. The land is of poor quality. There are about two acres in apple trees and garden. Fulton — The building is in a fair condition at present, and a great many improvements are well under way. The heating is sufficient, and there seems to be good ventilation. The plumbing needs to be repaired. Provision should also be made for hot water for bathing purposes. There seems to be a proper separation of the sexes. Separate provision is made for the insane, but they do not have special attendants. Two of the insane are in restraint, one of them all the time and the other only a portion of the time. One has no outdoor exercise, it being impossible to let him out without restraint. The general appearance of the insane is bad. Sufficient and good food is furnished the inmates. The beds are only in a fair condition. They are not clean, but they are provided with adequate cov- ering. The floors of the bedrooms are dirty. A great deal of trouble has been experienced in ridding the place of vermin. Bathtubs are provided. AH are required to bathe once a week and change their underclothing. The regulations are not severe. Inmates who are able are permitted to attend church. Religious services are held at the almshouse occasionally. Light work is provided for those who wish employment. The board reports that there are seven children in this institution under 16 years of age, three boys and four girls. The farm is owned by the county, and is in good condition. Plenty of fruit and vegetables are raised, and the land is well worked. Gallatin — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) During the past year the county has purchased a new farm, which is located about three miles from Omaha. It consists of 80 acres of land, most of which is under' cultivation. There are three acres in orchard. 76 The building is in a pood sanitary condition. It is heated by stoves and thoroughly airi d regularly. There is no plumbing and no fire protection. The water supply is ample and of good quality. The sexes are cared for in different parts of the building. There is no separation of the sane and insane and no special attendants are employed for the latter. Plain, wholesome food is furnished to all inmates. The beds are fairly clean and the supply of covering abundant. There are no bathtubs and buckets are used for bathing purposes. Tiie general appearance of the in- mates is good and the management keeps the premises clean and in good order. There are no inhumane regulations. Inmates are taken to church by the superintendent at irregular intervals. Those able to help are given light work about the place. Greene— At this institution the sanitary condition is fairly good, but the heating should be improved. The ventilation is good and there is a sufficient supply of good well water. There is no plumbing and no fire protection whatever. The sexes are cared for in separate wards, which have no connection. There are no special rooms for the insane and they have no special attend- ants. None are placed under restraint and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is good. Proper food and good clothing are furnished to all of the inmates. The beds are good and clean. There are good bathtubs and the regulations re- quire every inmate, unless excused by the physician, to take at least one bath each week and change their underclothing. There are no severe regulations for the government of the inmates. Religious services are held at the alms- house but once a year. The farm is in good condition and an abundance of fruit and vegetables are raised. The land is well worked. Grundy — The board reports that this county is building a large brick addi- tion to its almshouse. It will be heated by steam and will have cold and hot water throughout. The boaru failed to report on the sanitary condition of the old building. The sexes are properly separated. Good food and sufficient clothing are provided for the inmates and the beds are clean. Bathtubs are provided and inmates are required to bathe and change clothing regularly. No religious services are held at the almshouse. The farm seems to be cultivated fairly well. iZ"ami7ldier inmate should bo sent to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Special attendants are provided for the insane inmates when needed. All have outdoor exercise and their general appearance indicates that the inmates are healthy and well cared for. Six of the inmates have relatives and friends who are able to sup- port them. Tlio county owns a fine farm and it is in good condition. It has plenty of shade and fruit trees and small fruits and vegetables are raised in abundance. Macon. — The general sanitary condition of this institution is good. There is no system of ventilation, but the rooms are aired daily. The plumbing is in good condition. The water supply is from wells, but in dry weather it is not sufficient. Fire protection is afforded by seven Babcock fire extinguishers. The insane have separate rooms with restraining doors and windows. There are no special attendants. Restraint is used at night and occasionally in the day time. All have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance, with the exception of two or three, who should be in State hospitals, is comfortable. The male and female inmates are cared for in separate rooms with the steward's department between. Suitable food and sufficient clothing is fur- nished. The inmates also have clean beds with abundant covering. Bath tubs are provided and the rules require that inmates bathe and change their underclothing regularly. The regulations are not severe. Religious services at the institution are rare. Many of the inmates perform light work. The farm, which consists of 200 acres, is owned by the county. Bearing fruit trees are on the place and vegetables are raised in abundance. The land is well worked. Macoupin. — The county board has made an appropriation of $10,000 for a new addition to the almshouse. The old frame and wooden part is to be re- moved. As the ventilation of the present brick part is not modern and the water supply very deficient caution is urged in accepting designs for the new addition to see that these defects are not overlooked. The present structure is ventilated by means of windows and doors. The plumbing in the brick part is in good condition. There is separate provision for the insane. No special attendants are employed. All the insane inmates have been properly adjudged insane. None are locked up or in restraint. The sexes have separate sitting rooms, bath rooms and all necessary arrange- ments for complete separation of sexes are made. The food furnished is good and the clothing sufficient. The beds are clean and the bedding ample. The inmates are required to bathe and change their underclothing weekly. The regulations are not unnecessarily severe. None of the inmates attend church. Religious services are held at the almshouse during the summer months only. All who are able to assist in housework and in the garden are required to do so. The county owns the farm, which is in good condition. There are some fruit trees, but not enough. Some vegetables are raised. The land is as well worked as any of the adjoining farms. Madison. — The buildings of this almshouse are old and are kept in as good condition as is possible. The insane department is heated by stoves, which are considered very unsafe. It is lighted by coal oil lamps or torches. It is recommended by the committee that the building be heated by steam and lighted by electricity. There is no system of ventilation, but the rooms are aired by opening the windows and doors. The water supply is good and abundant. The insane are locked up most of the time, but are taken out for exercise. Their general appearance is good. The sexes are cared for in separate departments. Proper food and sufficient clothing are furnished. Bath tubs are provided and in each department the in- mates are required to bathe once or twice a week. The regulations are not severe. Religious services are held occasionally at the almshouse, but not regularly. All kinds of employment are provided for the inmates, but they are not required to work. The farm consists of but 12 acres, and is in good condition. Fruits and vegetables are raised for the inmates. The committee reports eight children under 16 years of age in the alms- house and recommends that they be placed out without delay. Marion. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The build- ings, which are heated by stoves and ventilated by windows, are in a good sanitary condition. There is no plumbing and no fire protection The water supply is good. The buildings are badly crowded and more room should be provided. 84 There is onlj' partial separation of the sexes. The peneral appearance of the inmates is fair, with the exi'eption of three paralytics, who are very dirty and confined in a separate room. There is no separate provision for the in- sane and no special attendants are employed to care for tht-ui. None are locked up at night, with the exception ot one epileptic, and all have outdoor exercise. The food furnished is fair. The beds are clean There are no bathine: facilitit's. The rofrulations do not seem to be severe. No reliprious services are held at the almshouse. Inmates who are able are given work about the farm. The county owns a farm of 200 acres, five acres being in orchard. Marshall. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The sani- tary conditions are good. The woman's building is heated by stoves and the building occupied by the men by steam. The plumbing is in good shape and the water supply is good and abundant. The fire protection seems to be suf- ficient. It consists of a tank on top of the men's building, with a capacity of 125 barrels of water, and 150 feet of hose connection. There is a complete separation of the sexes. There are no special attend- ants and only a partial separation of the insane from the sane. All have been regularly committed. None have to be locked up or restrained and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is good. The food furnished is very good and the inmates are fairly well clothed. The beds are good and clean, especially in the female department. The bathing facilities are fair, there being two bathtubs. Inmates are required to bathe once a week. The inmates do not attend church services, except at the institution, where religious services are held at irregular intervals. Those who desire are furnished with light work. The county owns 120 acres of land, ot which 80 acres is under cultivation. Two acres are in orchard and about the same in vegetables. Mason. — According to the report filed, it would seem that the buildings are in a good sanitary condition and that there is adequate tire protection. The sexes are cared for in separate buildings. Proper food and sufficient clothing is furnished the inmates. The beds are clean. All the inmates are required to bathe regularly and keep clean. There are no inhumane regula- tions. The farm is owned by the county and the land is worked systematically. Massac. — The buildings are not in a good sanitary condition, and the heat- ing is sufficient only for moderate weather. There is no system of ventila- tion and no care is taken to have the rooms aired. There is no plumbing. The water supply is from one well and there is no fire protection. Adequate provision is not made for the insane and they do not have special attendants. None of them are locked up or in restraint, and all have out- door exercise. The physician in charge pronounces all insane cases hopeless. Their general appearance is filthj' in the extreme. No provision is made for the separation of the sexes, the doors to the sleep- ing rooms being without locks. The food furnished the inmates is fairly good and adequate but the cloth- ing is insufficient and the beds are filthy, with insufficient covering for winter. The place is alive with vermin. Th^^rt^ are no facilities for personal cleanli- ness—no bathtubs or bathrooms. So far as the board could discover, tlie in- mates are not ro(|uired to bathe or change underclothing. No unduly severe regulations were discovered. The inmates are permitted to attend church but are in no condition to do so. Religious services have not been held at the institution during the last two years. Those who desire, work in the garden and fields. The farm is in good condition. There are no fruit trees and no small fruits and but few vegetables are grown. 85 Menard. — The buildings are reported in a grood sanitary condition. The rooms are well ventilated when possible. The plumbing in the insane cells is only fair. The separation of the sexes is maintained by locking them in their rooms at night and exercising a careful surveillance over them in the day time. There are separate and adequate departments for the insane, but they do not have special attendants. Five of the insane are locked up, three of them only a part of the time, and two never have any outdoor exercise. Proper food and sufficient clothing is furnished the inmates. The beds are well kept with plenty of covering for cold weather. All inmates are required to keep clean. Two of the rooms have bathtubs for general usage. The reg- ulations with regard to discipline are not severe. Religious services are not held at the almshouse, but those who are able and wish to attend church services in the city are permitted to do so. Suitable work is provided for the inmates. The farm is owned by the county and is in good condition. Mercer — The sanitary condition of the buildings is good. They are well ventilated and the heating is sufficient. The plumbing seems to be in a good condition and the water supply is abundant and pure. There is adequate fire protection. A new three-story brick building, heated by a furnace, has just been completed by the county. The sexes are separated in different rooms. None of the insane are in re- straint and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is not very prepossessing. The food and clothing furnished seem to be ample. The beds are clean. Bath tubs are provided and the inmates are required to bathe regularly. The regulations do not seem to be severe. Inmates who desire and are able are permitted to attend church. The farm is owned by the county. It contains 300 acres and is well kept. Monroe — The buildings are in a good sanitary condition, the heating is sufficient and safe, and the ventilation perfect. The plumbing is in a sani- tary condition and the water supply is abundant and good. Adequate fire protection is maintained by a city fire plug in front of the institution. The sexes are cared for in separate departments. The provision for the insane is inadequate and there are no special attendants. Two inmates are locked up at night. There is one female inmate who refuses to take outdoor exercise. The general appearance of the inmates is good. The food furnished is wholesome and adequate. The clothing is sufficient and ttie beds clean and provided with abundant covering. Adequate facilities for personal cleanliness are provided and all the inmates are required to bathe and change their un- derclothing regularly. There are no severe regulations. No religious services are held at the institution but the inmates are permitted to attend church services. Work is provided for inmates who desire to perform it. The county does not own a farm. Montgomery — The sanitary condition of the buildings is good. They are heated by steam, but there is no plumbing. The rooms are aired daily and the ventilation is good. The water supply is abundant and of good quality. There is no fire protection. There is no special provision or special attendants employed for insane in- mates. There are two insane persons here who have not been adjudged insane by the county court. Six insane inmates are locked up at night. All of the inmates, but two, have outdoor exercise. The exceptions are unable to walk. Suitable provision is recommended for the insane inmates. The sexes are confined in separate departments. The inmates are provided with wholesome and suitable food and have sufficient clothing and bedding. Thty are required to keep clean but no bath rooms or tubs are provided. 86 Bath rooms and tubs are recommended. The discipline is not severe. Re- ligious services are held occasionally, but not regularly. Work is provided for those who are capable of performing manual labor. The county owns the farm and it is in good condition. P>uits and vege- tables are raised in abundance. Morqnyi. — The buildings are in as good sanitary condition as could be ex- pected without plumbing. They are heated by steam but there is no system of ventilation. The rooms are, however, aired regularly. The water supply, which is from wells, is abundant and pure. Hand grenades are the only fire protection. The sexes are cared for in separate wings. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane and special attendants are employed. All inmates have out-door exercise and their appearance is good. They are furnished with proper food and have sufficient clothing. The beds are clean and provided with abundant covering. The ifacilities for personal cleanliness are not as good as they might be. However, the inmates are re- quired to bathe and change their clothing once a week. The regulations are not severe. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend church during the summer months. Light work is provided, where possible, for those who de- sire it. The farm is owned by the county and is in excellent condition. Moultrie. — The buildings are amply heated by furnaces and the ventilation is good. There is an abundance of good well and cistern water. The fire protection could be improved by the purchase of hose. The premises are clean and attractive. Separate compartments with separate sitting rooms are provided for the sexes. There are no insane present. Proper food and sufficient clothing are provided. The beds are clean with abundant covering. The inmates are required to bathe and change their un- derclothing weekly. The discipline is not severe. Inmates who are able at- tend church. Occasional religious services are held at the almshouse. There is plenty of light work provided for the inmates. The county owns a fine farm of 224 acres, all of it being in a high state of cultivation. There is plenty of fruit and vegetables. Ogle. — The sanitary condition of the building is good. The heating system is not sufficient to keep all of the rooms warm in cold weather. The rooms are well aired and the ventilation is good. The plumbing and sewerage is in good condition. There is no fire protection whatever. A separate building IS provided for the insane but there are no special attendants. All have out- door exercise. They are well clothed and have clean and comfortable rooms. The sexes are kept separate. Proper food is furnished the inmates. The beds are clean and the bedding sufficient. Bathtubs are provided and the inmates are required to bathe and change their underclothing once a week. The regulations are not severe. No regular religious services are held at the almshouse. Light work is provided for those who desire it' The farm is in good condition. Large quantities of vegetables are raised. There are a number of bearing apple trees. Peoria. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) This is one of the largest almshouses in the State. The buildings appear to be clean and the steam heating plant is in fair condition. The rooms are aired regularly. The plumbing also is in fair condition. The water supply is abundant and of good quality. The fire protection is considered adequate, additional hose aving recently been purchased. The sexes are cared for in different wings of the buildings. There is sepa- rate provision for the insane and a special attendant for each sex. All the insane have been so adjudged by the courts. None are locked up or in re- straint and all have outdoor exercise. There is nothing unusual about their general appearance. In the basement of the insane department there is a cell, which the visitor was informed, had been used to punish insane inmates. The 87 window and door are boarded up and inside it is as dark as a dungeon. It has a stool which is flushed by pouring^ water into it and the only ventilation is from a small space under the door. The visitor at his own request was locked in this cell and it took but a few seconds to convince him that it is no place to confine human beings, especially those who are insane. There is no reason why an insane person should be punished and the board of supervisors should see that this practice is discontinued at once. If any member of the board is in doubt as to the existing conditions and will allow himself to be confined in the cell for a short time there is no question but what he will vote to have it done away with. The food furnished the inmates seems to be good and the clothing sufficient. The beds appear to be clean and free from vermin. There are adequate fa- cilities for personal cleanliness and the inmates are required to bathe regularly and keep clean. The discipline is not severe. Religious services are held every Sunday. Light work is provided for those who are able to perform it. The farm, which contains 320 acres, is owned by the county. It is in good condition. There are three acres in small fruit, and vegetables are raised in abundance. The crops generally have been good. Perry. — The report from this county shows that the building is in a good sanitary condition, with the exception of two large rooms. The room on the first floor could be improved by putting in a window. The room on the sec- ond floor should have a double window into the hall. The ventilation of the balance of the building is good. The heating is by small stoves, which are poor and unsafe. There is no fire protection. There is a complete separations of the sexes, but no separate provision is made for the insane and they do not have special attendants. At the time of the inspection there was but one insane inmate. He is not locked up and has outdoor exercise. Proper food and suitable clothes are furnished the inmates. The beds are clean and supplied with plenty of covering. There are no bathrooms. The regulations are not severe. The inmates attend church at will. Light em- ployment is furnished to those who desire to work. The farm is in good condition. There are five acres in orchard and plenty of fruit and vegetables are raised. Piatt— The buildings are in a good sanitary condition. They are heated by steam, all are well ventilated and the plumbing appears to be in good condi- tion. It has recently been overhauled. The drainage is carried into a cess pool which is provided with an overflow. The water supply is from a deep well and is pumped into a tank in the attic. The sexes are kept separate. The inmates are furnished with proper food, the clothing is adequate and the beds are provided with abundant covering during the cold seasons. The fa- cilities for personal cleanliness are adequate. All are required to bathe and change their underclothing regularly. No religious services are held in the building but the inmates may and do attend church. No one is required to perform more work than he is physically able to. None of the insane are under restraint, except that four men and two women are locked in at night. All have outdoor exercise and their general appearance is good. The farm is owned by the county and to all appearances is worked to the best advantage. Pike — The sanitary condition of the buildings is fair. They are heated by furnace and stoves. Additional pipes for the furnace would make it adequate to heat the entire building. The sleeping apartments are well ventilated, but the cooking and eating departments are in bad condition. The water supply is good at present, but is not sufficient in dry weather. The plumbing is fair. There is no fire protection, but it is contemplated. The sexes oc- cupy separate quarters at night, but in the day time they are congregated. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane. None are locked up or in restraint and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is good. The treatment of all the inmates seems to be good. They are 88 furnished with pood food, sufficient clothing and the beds are clean. Bath tubs are provided and the rules requirinfj personal cleanliness are strictly en- forced. Inmates who desire and are able are permitted to nltend church. Relifjious services are held at the farm once a month. Emploj'ment is furnished all who are able to perform work. The county owns the farm. It consists of 80 acres of poor land which is not productive. Sufficient vegetables are raised, but no small fruits. The land is worked to the best advantage. Po;)c— This county has no almshouse or poor farm. The paupers are cared for by contract, the county paying $8 per month for their keepiug, including all expenses. It also pays funeral expenses. Committees from the county commissioners visit the farm at stated periods to see that the provisions of the contract are fulfilled. There are no insane, or idiotic children cared for under the contract. Pulaski — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The build- ings are in a poor sanitary condition. They are heated by stoves and there is no plumbing. The ventilation is poor and the water supply is but fair, it having to be hauled two miles in ease of protracted drouth. There is no fire protection. The provision for the separation of the sexes is incomplete and there is no separation of tlie sane from the insane. None of the insane are locked up or in restraint. There is one inmate, a paralytic, whose condition is very bad. His room is very foul. The food furnished the inmates is poor and the supply of clothing scanty. The beds are dirty and are infested with vermin. There are no bathing fa- cilities and the appearance of the inmates is that they do not bathe very often. No inhumane regulations are in force. No religious services ars held and the inmates do not attend church. Light employment is provided for all who are able to work. The farm consists of 80 acres, of which 75 are under cultivation. Pw^nnw.— (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The sani- tary condition of this place is poor. It is heated by stoves and the rooms are very small. There is no plumbing and no fire protection whatever. No provision is made for the separation of the sexes. The only insane in- mate has been in the almshouse 14 years and the superintendent does not know whether he was regularly adjudged or not. The food furnished is fair and the beds are clean. The bathing facilities are inadequate, but all are required to keep themselves clean. Light work is furnished for all who are able. No regular religious services are held at the institution and there is no church near enough for the inmates to attend. The county is small and but very little is appropriated for the almshouse. The general appearance of the inmates, under the circumstances, is fair. The farm consists of 32 acres, 30 of which are under cultivation. There are no fruit trees. Randolph.— The buildings are in a good sanitary condition. The heating is snfiicient and the system of ventilation satisfactory. The water supply is pood and pure and there is adequate fire protection. The sexes are locked in different departments at night and the windows are barred. Separate provision is made for the insane, but there are no special attendants. One insane inmate is locked up in a room but none of the others are restrained. Their general appearance is ordinarj'. Sufficient clothing and proper food are furnished the inmates. The beds are clean and provided with sufficient covering for the cold seasons. There are ample batliiiig facilities and the inmates are required to bathe regularly and keep clean. Tiiero are no inhumane regulations, lleligious services are held at the institution occasionally. Light work is provided for all who are able to perform it. The county owns the farm and it is worked to the best advaiitage. 89 Bichland. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The build- ings, which are heated by stoves and lijjhted with lamps, are in a very j?ood sanitary condition. The rooms are thoroughly aired and ventilated. There is no plumbing or fire protection. The water supply is from three wells and a cistern. The sexes are eared for on different sides of the building. Sane and in- sane inmates are kept together and there are no special attendants for the latter. There are three insane inmates. They have been here 20 years and the superintendent does not know whether or not they were regularly com- mitted by the courts. They all have outdoor exercise. Wholesome and suitable food is furnished the inmates. The beds are clean. The inmates are required to bathe weekly. Bathing facilities are provided in the washhouse. Religious services are not held at the almshouse. In- mates who are able, work about the farm. The farm consists of 160 acres, 130 of which are under cultivation. There are ten acres in an apple orchard. Bock Island. — The appearance of this institution is home-like in every par- ticular. The buildings are old, but clean and well whitewashed. They are heated by steam and ventilated by windows and doors. The plumbing throughout all the buildings is fair. The arrangement for the separation of the sexes is good. The phj-sician in charge and a committee of the Board of Supervisors have charge of the bills of fare, and three good meals are pro- vided daily. The beds are clean. There are eight bath tubs, all provided with hot and cold water. The rules with regard to regular bathing days are being observed. All the feeble inmates have separate quarters and are per- mitted the free use of their beds. Religious services are occasionally held at the farm, but all of those in possession of their faculties are permitted to at- tend regular Sunday services. A majority of the inmates have light work as- signed to them. Those who are able are required to keep their apartments neat and clean. A separate building is provided for the insane. It has three wards, each in charge of an attendant. Several of the insane inmates are locked up but all have a certain amount of outdoor exercise in the yards es- pecially designed for this purpose. The general appearance of the inmates is good, all having clean clothing. The farm consists of 177 acres and everything pertaining to it appears to be in a thrifty condition. There is a good orchard and considerable small fruit. Saline. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The condi- tions here are very bad. The management is slack and the general appear- ance of the inmates and buildings indicates that but very little attention is paid to them. The ventilation seems entirely to have been lost sight of. There is no plumbing and the water supply is only fair. There is no fire pro- tection. There is no provision for the separation of the sexes, all being cared for in the same part of the building. There are no insane inmates present. Poor food and scanty clothing are furnished the inmates. The beds are dirty and are alive with vermin. There are no bathing facilities, the general appearance of the inmates indicating that bathing is entirely foreign to them. No religious services are held and the inmates do not attend church else- where. Some of them do light work about the farm. The farm consists of 120 acres, but does not seem to be worked to the best advantage. Sangamon. — The building is in a good sanitary condition. The heating, which is by steam, is sufficient and safe. The ventilation is very good and there is a splendid supply of water from wells and adequate fire protection. The separation of the sexes is complete, the male inmates being in the east end of the building and the female inmates in the west end. The insane are well provided for. None are restrained during the day and all have out-door exercise. They appear comfortable and well eared for. 90 Wholesome and well-ojked food is furuished the inmates. The board watched with interest the bakiupf of the bread and can attest to the fact that good meat was in the ice room. The inmates are well clothed. Ttie beds are clean and are supplied with abundant coveriner for cold weather. Modern bath-rooms and closets, with all conveniences, are provided, and the inmates are required to bathe rej?ularly and keep clean. There are no inhumane reg- ulations for the government of the inmates. Religious services are held fre- quently. All inmates who can be trusted are employed. The farm is in good condition. It has plenty of fruit and the garden is worked to the best advantage. Schui/ler. — The buildings are in a sanitary condition. The heating, which is by stoves, is sufficient. There is no plumbing. The water supply is good, but there is no fire protection. There is no separate provision for the insane. None are locked up or in re- straint and all have out-door exercise. The male and female inmates are cared for in separate wards. All of the inmates are furnished with plenty of wholesome food and suitable clothing. They have clean beds with adequate covering. The institution has one bath- tub and the rules require a weekly, bath with change of underclothing. The discipline is not severe. Religious services are held at the institution occa- sionally, but all are permitted to attend church services elsewhere. The farm, which is owned by the county, is a good one and is conducted on a paying basis. An abundance of fruit and vegetables are raised. Scott. — Arrangements are under way to place the building in a fairly good sanitary condition. It is heated by steam and aired regularly. There is no plumbing and no special fire protection. The water supply is good. The sexes are kept in separate rooms, which are locked at night. Separate rooms are u&ed for the insane. One who came here as a pauper is now in- sane. One is locked up and one man is restrained by a large iron chain fas- tened to his wrist, which he has worn for five years. In pleasant weather he can be taken out of doors, but much of the time he is confined in a cell. It would seem that his condition might be made more comfortable in an institu- tion better fitted for the care of this class of inmates. Plain food is furnished the inmates and the clothing is sufificient, The bed- ding seems to be good. Bathtubs are provided. The superintendent seems to be humane and tries to do his duty to the inmates. The county owns the farm. It is worked by the superintendent, who pays a rental of $5 per acre. Shelby. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The buildings are in an excellent sanitary condition. The plumbing is good and the water supply ample. The fire protection is inadequate. There is a complete separation of the sexes, except at meal time. Separate rooms are provided for the insane. All of the insane inmates have been pro- perly adjudged by the courts. There is no restraint and their general ap- pearance is good. Good food is furnished the inmates and their clothing is clean. The beds are in excellent condition. Washtubs are used for bathing purposes. The rules require weekly baths. The regulations are not severe. Religious ser- vices are held at irregular intervals. Inmates do light work around the place. The county owns 240 acres of land, 220 being under cultivation. There are four acres in orchard and garden. Stark. — The buildings are in a good sanitary condition and the heating and ventilation are sufficient. The plumbing, however, seems to be somewhat de- fective and needs attention. The water supply is abundant, but the commit- tee is of the opinion that it is contaminated with sewage on account of the bad condition of the plumbing. The inmates are furnished with proper food and sufficient clothing. Beds are clean and the covering for cold weather sufficient. Bathtubs are pro- 91 vided and there seems to be adequate facilities for personal cleanliness. The inmates are required to bathe and change their underclothing regularly. The regulations are not severe. No religious services are held at the institution as the inmates are not mentally capable of understanding them. Light work is provided for the inmates. The county owns the farm and it is in good condition. Sufficient fruits and vegetables for the needs of the institution are raised and the land is worked to the best advantage. St. Clair. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) This is one of the largest and best almshouses in the State. The buildings are in an ex- cellent sanitary condition. They are heated by steam and ventilated through- out by air shafts and windows. The plumbing is in the very best possible condition and the water supply good. The fire protection is ample. There is a complete separation of the sexes. Insane inmates are kept sepa- rate from the sane and are provided with one attendant for each sex. Some of the insane have not been so adjudged by the court. All have outdoor ex- ercise and their general appearance is excellent. The almshouse has a hospital containing 16 rooms which cost $13,000, and a quarantine hospital, recently opened, at a cost of $9,000. The latter build- ing is enclosed by a stockade. Good and wholesome food is furnished the inmates. The beds are clean. Bathtubs, with hot and cold water, are provided throughout the building and the inmates are required to bathe weekly. The regulations for the govern- ment of the inmates are not inhumane. Religious services are held at irregu- lar intervals. Those who are able work about the place. The farm, which is owned by the county, consists of 40 acres of land, four acres being in orchard. Stephenson — The present buildings are old and difficult to keep in good con- dition. A new modern building, however, is in process of construction, which when completed will cost $25,000. It is expected the building will be ready for occupancy before cold weather sets in. The water supply is pure and abundant. There seems to be adequate fire protection. Separate provision is made for the insane, but they do not have special at- tendants. Two of the insane inmates require restraint occasionally, and all are locked in at night. All, with two exceptions, have plenty of outdoor exercise. The latter have free access to large wire- latticed porches, as do all in bad weather. All of the insane inmates seem to be comfortable and well cared for. Proper and suitable food is furnished, together with suitable and sufficient clothing. The beds are clean and the bedding is sufficient. Adequate facili- ties for personal cleanliness are provided. The rule requiring bathing and change of underclothing regularly is rigidly enforced. The regulations seem in no way severe. The superintendent is a generous, kindhearted and sen- sible man, with decided but kind motives. Religious services are held two or three Sundays in every month. Those who are able and desire to are per- mitted to attend church services elsewhere. A constant effort is made to in- terest those who are unable to do regular work in fancy work of some kind. Christmas day is always celebrated. A big Christmas tree is provided and gifts are sent to every inmate by the Woman's Club. The county owns the farm. It consists of 168 acres, is in excellent condi- tion, well cultivated and stocked. The cemetery belonging to the farm is well kept. lazewell — The sanitary condition of these buildings is excellent. They are heated by steam and have good ventilation. The plumbing is good and the water supply abundant and pure. There seems to be adequate fire pro- tection. 92 Separate provision is made for the insane, which is as erood as can be given outside of a State institution. Special attendants, selected from the inmates, care for the insane. None of the inmates are obliered to be locked up, but it is necessary to restrain one of them. All have plenty of outdoor exercise and none are violent. There is complete separation of the sexes. Good and wholesome food and plenty of it. sufficient clothing and good and clean beds are furnished the inmates. Bath tubs are provided and the inmates are compelled to observe strict regulations with regard to bathing and change of underclothing. The discipline is not severe. Religious services are held at the almshouse every two weeks. The orderly and quiet behavior of the inmates is attributed to the religious services and the kindly influence and Christian character of the superintendent. The county owns an elegant farm of 225 acres which is in fine condition. Large quantities of vegetables, considerable fruit and grain and hay are raised. The laud is worked almost entirely by the inmates, one man being employed by the year to direct the men in the cultivation of the land. Union. — The buildings are in good condition. The heating system appears to be safe and the ventilation good. There is an abundant supply of good water. No special provision is made for the insane. None are locked up or in re- straint and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is fairly good The sexes are cared for in separate buildings. The inmates are well provided with food, have plenty of clothing and the beds are clean. Bath- tubs are provided and the inmates are required to bathe and change their underclothing regularly. All inmates are permitted to attend church if they wi.>-h, but religious services are not held at the farm. Light employment is given to those who are able to work. The county owns the farm and it is in fair condition. There are some fruit trees, and vegetables for use at the institution are raised on the farm. Vermilion. — According to the report received from the board in this county it would seem that the buildings are in a good condition. The heating, which is by furnaces, is sufficient, and the ventilation is adequate. There is no plumbing. The water supply is good but there is no fire protection. The sexes are cared for in separate buildings. Two insane inmates have not been so adjudged by the courts. None of the insane are locked up. Good food and sufficient clothing are furnished to the inmates. The beds seem to be clean. Bathtubs are provided and the inmates are required to bathe regularly. The regulations are not severe. Religious services are held at the farm and light employment is provided. The county owns the farm and it is in first-class condition in every respect. Plenty of fruit and vegetables are grown. The land seems to be worked to good advantage. Wabash. — The buildings consist of an old unsanitary structure and one com- paratively good one. The former should be lorn down. The heating is suf- ficient and reasonably safe, especially in the best building. The ventilation is by windows and can be made adequate if care is taken. There is not enough water at times and water from the creek has to be substituted. The sexes are kept separate by being confined in different rooms. The food is food and sufficient, but a more varied diet is desirable. The clothing is suf- cient and reasonably clean. There has been and probably is still vermin in ehe old house. Bathtubs are not provided but the inmates are required to bathe and change their underclothing every one or two weeks. Curr.Hins should be furnished for the windows. There are no unnecessary regulations and the inmates receive kind treatment. Sickly and aged inmates are per- mitted to do as they wish. No regular religious services are held at the almshouses but inmates are permitted to attend such services elsewhere. The work required is not excessive. If the inmates are able to assist in it they are expected to do so. There are no insane inmates present. The farm is worked systematically but not in a modern way. Corn and wheat are the principal products. Fruit is not raised plentifully. There are, however, plenty of vegetables. 93 Warren. — From this county the State Board of Charities has received ma- jority and minority reports pertaining to the condition of the almshouse. The majority report is signed by J. R. Ebersole and Furney Jones. The minority report is by Mrs. Emma Kilgore. A synopsis of the reports is as follows: Majority. — The buildings are in a good sanitary condition, and the heating system (stoves) is considered sufficient and safe. Care is taken to properly ventilate the rooms. There is no plumbing. The water is of the best quality and the supply ample. Male and female inmates are cared for in separate buildings. They are properly fed with the best and most wholesome food. Clothing and bedding are properly provided. The place is kept free from vermin and there are facilities for personal cleanliness. The inmates are re- quired to change their underclothing regularly. The discipline of the insti- tution is not unnecessarily severe. Those who desire are permitted to attend church regularly. Light work is provided for those who care to perform it. Minority. — The buildings are not in a good sanitary condition. The super- intendent does as well as is possible in an old house devoid of modern im- provements. There is no system of ventilation and no drainage. The water supply is good. The male and female inmates are kept separate except at meal times. The inmates are provided with good plain food and plenty of it. When sick, proper food is prepared for them. The clothing furnished is good and there is sufficient bedding. The bedrooms are neat and clean. The inmates are closely watched as to weekly baths, and they are required to change their underclothing regularly. TJtie discipline is not severe. The inmates who are physically able are permitted to attend church. Employ- ment is furnished for those who are able to work. The farm is in good con- dition. All of the inmates have outdoor exercise and their general appear- ance is as good as can be expected with the conveniences at hand. The buildings are unsafe and should be condemned. Washington. — The buildings of this institution are in a good sanitary condi- tion. The ventilation is good and the heatins- sufficient. The water supply is abundant and there seems to be adequate fire protection. No separate provision is made for insane inmates. Male and female inmates are cared for in separate departments. The inmates are furnished wholesome food and sufficient clothing. The beds are clean and well provided with bed clothing. Bathrooms are provided with tubs and the inmates are required to bathe and change their clothing regularly. The regulations are not unnecessarily severe. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend religious services. Those who are physically able are provided with employment. The county owns the farm, which is reasonably well cultivated. Vegetables and small fruit are raised in sufficient quantities to supply the demand. Wayne. — The buildings are in a good condition. Thev are heated by stoves. The ventilation is good and the water supply abundant and pure. The sexes are cared for in separate buildings. There are no special attend- ants for the insane. Three of the male insane inmates are locked up all the time, and one of them has no outdoor exercise at all, it being impossible with- out a special attendant. The food furnished is good and abundant and the clothing sufficient, but the beds are infested with bedbugs. There are no bathtubs, but the inmates are compelled to wash and change their clothing once a week. The discipline is not severe. Religious services are held at the institution but once or twice a year. Light work is provided for all. This county owns the farm and its condition is good. Fruit of various kinds is raised and the land seems to be worked systematically. White. — The board reports that the almshouse is an old frame building, heated by stoves, and there is no plumbing of auy sort. A ladder furnishes the only means of fire escape from the building. There is good water and an abundance of it. The building seem to be kept in fairly good condition. The sexes are cared for on different floors. in Proper food if furnished the iumates and the beddinpr is clean. The in- mates are required to bathe repularly and change their clothinfj. There are no inhuman retrulations. Sunday school is held at the farm every Sunday. The superintendent provides liprht work on the farm for the iumates. The land is very poor, with almost no improvements, and is of but little value. The superintendent has the use of a part of the farm as his compen- sation. He raises vegetables, but no fruit, and cultivates the farm to his own pecuniary interest. Whiteside.— The buildings are in a good sanitary condition. Improvements are under way which will afford better ventilation and the means for better care of the inmates in the insane department. The heating is adequate and the plumbing is in good condition. Ventilation is secured by means of win- dows. There is a good, wholesome water supply. There is complete separation of the sexes. Proper food, sufficient clothing and clean beds, which are free from vermin, are provided. Bath tubs are also provided and the inmates are required to bathe and change their undercloth- ing regularly. The regulations are not severe. The C'lunty owns the farm and it is in good condition. Small fruits and vegetables are raised and the farm appears to be worked to the best advantage. Will. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The buildings are in a good sanitary condition and are heated throughout by steam. They are ventilated by windows, care being taken to have the rooms thoroughly aired every day. The plumbing is fairly good. The sexes are cared for in separate departments of the building. There is only partial separation of the sane and insane and no special attendants are provided for the insane. Eight of them are locked up most of the time, but each day they are given outdoor exercise. Wholesome food is furnished the inmates. Their beds are clean. Bath tubs and water closets are provided throuj?hout the building and all are re- quired to bathe at least once a week. There are no inhumane regulations for the government of the inmates. Religious services are held at the institution. Inmates who desire work are given light employment. The farm consists of 160 acres, of which 142 acres are under cultivation. There is an orchard of 100 apple trees and about 2 acres of small fruit. There is in course of erection a new building to cost $8,000. It will be used as a boiler house, laundry and bath house. In the basement is the boiler room and a large cistern. On the first floor are bath rooms with six shower and four tub baths. On the second floor will be located the laundry, and on top of the building two large water tanks will be provided for fire protection. Williamson. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The buildings are in very bad shape. They are heated by grates and there is no plumbing. The water supply is good. There is no fire protection. There is no provision for the separation of the sexes and the sane and in- sane intermingle. All of the inmates have outdoor exercise, but their general appearance is poor. The food furnished is fair and the clothing poor. The beds are dirty, with plenty of vermin. Tht^re are no bath tubs. No religious services are held and no work is provided for the inmates. The county owns the farm; it consists of 80 acres in good condition. Winnebago. — The rooms of the buildings are well aired and ventilated and the plumbing is in a good sanitary condition. The water supply i.'^ abundant and free from sewage. Fire protection is afforded by tanks in the upper story and a gasoline engine outside. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane, special attend- ants being employed to care for them. Eighteen of them are restrained, but they have the liberty of the corridors and enclosed porches The sexes are kept in separate departments. The inmates are well provided with food and clothing and have clean bods with abundant covering. Seven 95 bathtubs are provided, one for each ward, and the inmates are required to observe the regulations as to personal cleanliness. The discipline is not se- vere. Religious services are held at the institution every Sunday and ena- ployment is provided for all who are able to work. The farm is in good condition. There are plenty of bearing fruit trees, small fruit and vegetables. The land is well cultivated. Woodford. — The buildings of this almshouse are in a good sanitary condi- tion. The heating is by stoves and the ventilation by windows and doors. Care is taken to have the rooms aired frequently. There is no plumbing. The water supply is from a deep well and is good and su£&cient. The fire protection is not very good. This danger, however, will be lessened soon, as a slate roof is to be put upon the building. There are separate rooms for the insane, but no special attendants are em- ployed. Two insane inmates were present at the time of the inspection who had not been adjudged insane, being admitted as paupers, but evidently in- sane. One inmate was adjudged insane in 1886, and was sent to this place pending her transfer to a State hospital. She is still awaiting transfer. One insane person is constantly locked up, being too violent to be taken out. The general appearance of the insane inmates is not very inviting. Separate rooms are provided for the sexes. The inmates are well fed with good wholesome food. The clothing is good and sufficient and the beds are clean and provided with abundant covering. Facilities for personal cleanli- ness are good, bathtubs being provided. The inmates are required to bathe and change their underclothing regularly. There are no severe regulations. The inmates are permitted to attend church any time they wish, but no relig- ious services are held at the institution. All inmates who are able are pro- vided with light and suitable work. There is one old soldier present, by his own request and by permission of the Board of Supervisors he is paying his way. The farm is owned by the county. It consists of 240 acres of as good land as there is in the county. The farm is in good condition. Fruit trees are planted and the yield of apples and small fruits is good. Vegetables for the use of the institution are raised in abundance. The land is worked to the very best advantage under the direction of the superintendent and a commit- tee of the Board of Supervisors. JAILS. Adams. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) This jail is in the basement of the court house and appeared to be in good shape. The appearance of the prisoners was good. The visitor recommends that a jail be built above the ground, so the prisoners can have more light and fresh air. Alexander. — This jail is also in the basement of the court house. It is badly lighted and not well ventilated. A new jail shoald be built. Bond. — The condition of the building and prisoners is good. No recom- naendation is made for the improvement of the building, eqiupment or admin- istration. Boone.— The condition of this jail and its prisoners is very good. No recom- mendations for improvements are made. Brown. — There are no prisoners in this jail. It is a veritable death trap, being damp, dark, poorly ventilated and insecure. It should be replaced by a new building with modern improvements. The administration is good under the circumstances. Bureau.— The building is in good condition, but rather small. It is recom- mended that a larger and more modern building be provided. Calhoun. — The condition of the building is good and no recommendations as to improvements are made. There were no prisoners at the time of the inspection. Carroll. — The sanitary cojulition of this jail is ver}- good and the prisoners are in the best of hoalth. T!i»> cement floor should be repaired. Otherwise the equipment is sufficient. The administration is first-class. Cass.— The building seems to be in good condition. There is only one prisoner present. There is no water closet in the building. This improve- ment is badly needed, especially when there are several prisoners. Champaign. — The building seems to be in a good condition and the prisoners in a fair state of health. It is recommended by the board that a juvenile de- partment be provided. Christian. — The board of this county reports that it saw nothing to complain of and has no recommendations to make. Clark. — The buildings are in good condition and the prisoners are healthy. The board recommends that proper bathing facilities be provided. Clay. — This jail is new and modern and is in good condition and the pris- oners healthy. No recommendations for improvement in the building, equip- ment or administration are made, Clinton. — This jail is in fair condition. The prisoners' health seems to be fair. No recommendations are made. Coles.— The condition of this building is fair. The beds and bedding are only fair. The board recommends that the walls be whitewashed. No other recommendations are made, as the jail is practically new. Coo/:— (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The new part of the jail is in an excellent condition. It is clean and well lighted and ven- tilated. The old part is not in as good condition, but prisoners are not con- fined there unless serving a short sentence. The jail is painted throughout annually and the cells are sprayed with a disinfectant weekly. The sugges- tion in the last biennial report of the State Board of Charities with regard to ventilation is again made. The management is excellent. Cr aw/ or d.— There are no prisoners present. The building is in a fair con- dition and no recommendations are made by the board. Ctimberland. — This building is new and is kept in fairly good condition. However, some improvements should be made in the way of sewerage, there being a lack of water facilities. JDeKalb. — At this jail everything is in good shape. Some needed improve- ments have just been completed and the board has no recommendations to make. DeWitt. — The sanitary condition of the building is miserable, but it is no fault of the officers. Ttie county needs a new building badly. Douglas. — With the exception of leakage in the roof, this building seems to be in a good condition. The prisoners are kindly treated. The board recom- mends that proper fire protection be provided. 7Jzmrn.— (Inspected by a representative of the State board). This jail consists of one room, 18 feei square, in the center of which is a cage eight feet square. There are but two windows and they are small. The place is very dark and damp. There were no prisoners present and it would be a crime to confine them under such conditions. A new jail is badly needed. 100 Randolph. — The board reports that the condition of this jail and prisoners is pood. No recommendations are made for improvements in the building, equipment or administration. Richland. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board). No prison- ers were present. The jail is in good condition. It is well lighted, clean and has good ventilation. No improvements are needed. Rock Island. — The condition of the building and prisoners is as good as could be expected under the circumstances. A new building is needed. Saline. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The building is in tair condition, but a thorough cleaning is desirable. The inside was whitewashed recently but it has not been cleaned up since. Apparently the jailer takes no interest in the condition of the building. Sangamon. — The jail is badly crowded and will probably be still further crowded during the winter. The food furnished seems to be wholesome and sufficient and the sleeping arrangements are fair. It is the opinion of the board that there should be a guarded place in which prisoners might exercise in tlae open air. Schuyler. — Everything at this jail is in good shape and the board has no recommendations to make. Scott. — The board in this county failed to make a report on the condition of the building and prisoners, but it recommends that a new jail be built. Shelby. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The jail is in excellent shape and no improvements are needed. Stark. — There were no prisoners present. The buildings are in good condi- tion and the board has no improvements to suggest. St. Clair. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The build- ing is in excellent condition. The cells and floors are well scrubbed and sprayed with a disinfectant twice a week. It is recommended that more light and better ventilation be provided for the upper tier of cells. Stephenson. — The building and prisoners seem to be in good condition. The standard of this jail in the matter of administration and equipment is far above the average. An effort is being made to supply the prisoners with reading matter. lazeicell. — The jail is up to date in every respect. The building is in a good sanitary condition, has steam heat and good plumbing and ventilation. The water supply is pure and abundant. Good food is furnished. Union. — The board has no complaint or recommendation to make with re- gard to the building or prisoners. Vermilion.— The ventilation is poor. Aside from this the conditions seem to be good. It is recommended that a bathtub be provided. Wabash.— The building is a two-story structure with an upper tier of cells for females and juveniles. The fire protection is reasonably good. The ven- tilation could be improved. The board recommends that the water closet which is now in the lobby of the cells be removed to a separate room. Warren. — The board reports that the building and prisoners are in good condition. Provision should be made for a better classification of the pris- oners. Otherwise it is properly equipped. Washington. — The conditions are not good. The board recommends that a new jail be built. Wayne. — The building is in good condition and the prisoners apparently well cared for. No recommendations are made. White. — The condition of the building, so far as care is concerned, is good. Provision should be made for a system of sewerage and water supply. Better ventilation is also recommended. The administration is good. 101 Whiteside. — The condition of the building and prisoners is good. The board recommends that provision be made for a proper classification of the prisoners. Will. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The general condition of the buildings and prisoners is good. However, the drainage could be improved upon. The cells are thoroughly disinfected every week. The administration is good and the food furnished the prisoners is ample. The recommendation of two years ago for a high wall is renewed. Williamson. — (Inspected by a representative of the State board.) The drainage is poor. Aside from this and a thorough cleaning the place is in good condition. Winnebago. — The ventilation is very bad and there is no provision for the separation of the women and boys. It is urgently recommended that some sort of provision be made. Woodford. — There is no jail in this county, but one is being erected and will be ready for occupancy soon. The old building was destroyed by fire. 102 STATISTICAL TABLES. Table I. — List of Institutions and Superintendents. There are at present in the State of Illinois 16 public institutions under the jurisdiction of the State Board of Charities. Of these 15 are in actual operation and one is not yet completed. We give their names, location, date of their respective creation and names of the superintendents, as follows: Name. Location. O 3 I a. Superintendent. COKBKCTIONAL. State Training School for Girls Geneva St. Charles... Jacksonville.. Jacksonville.. Jacksonville.. Normal Lincoln Chicago Elgin 1893 1901 1839 1849 1S57 1866 1865 1865 It- 69 1869 1877 ias5 1889 1895 1895 1895 Mrs. Ophelia L. Amigh Nelson W. McLaln CHARITABLE. Illinois Institution for the Edncation of the Ueaf and Dumb Jos.C. Gordon, M. A., Ph. D. Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind Prof. J. H. Freeman Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane... Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home Illinois Asylum for FeebleMinded Child- H. B. Carriell. M. D K. N. McCauley S. H. McLean, M. D Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane.. Chas. T.Garrard Frank S. Whitman. M. D Illinois Southern HospitH' for the Insane.. Anna K. F. Bennett, M. D Illinois Eastern Hospital fortlie Insane... Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home Illinois Asylum for Insane Criminals Kankakee Quincy Chester Wilmington... Watertown ... Peoria J. C. Corlms. M. D ('apt. Wm. Somerville W. E. Songer. M. D Mrs. Flo. Jamison Miller.... Illinois Western Hospital for the Insane.. Illlnoia Asylum for Incurable Insane W. E. Taylor. M. D George A. Zeller. M. D • In process of constrtictlon. 103 Table II — List of Trustees of the State Charitable Institutions, with the duration of their terms, of service, respectively. Name. Address. Term Expires. NOKTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Elgin March, 1903 W.S.Bullock. Waukegan March, 1905 C. W. Marsh DeKalb March, 1907 EASTERN HOSPITAL, FOR THE INSANE. Almet Powell Oilman March. 1903 William E. Murphy Tuscola March, 1905 Kankakee March, 1907 CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. William L. Pay Jacksonville March, 1903 Winchester March, 1905 F. W. Menke Quincy March, 1907 SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. W. H.Wood Cairo March, 1903 H. H, Kohn Anna March, 1905 March, 1907 WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Frank W. Gould Moline March, 1903 Chicago! March. 1905 D. E. Munger Princeton March, 1907 ASYLUM FOR THE INCURABLE INSANE. S. 0. Spring Indefinite K.M.Whitman Aledo Indefinite Dr. Edward H. Thomas Argenta Indefinite ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS. March, 1902 Thomas J. Clark March. 1904 John H. Duncan Marion ' March. 1906 INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DBAF AND DUMB. Francis H. Wemple March. 1903 W. W. Watson Barry March, 1905 Theodore M. King Paxton March, 1907 101 Table 77— Concluded. Name. Address. Term expires. INSTITDTION FOB THB EDUCATION OF THE BUND. C. D Bahb Homer John A. Brown George W. Moore. ASVLCM FOE FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN. Edward Stnbblefleld Jacob F. Swank John F. Kegan SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS* HOME, Maj, C. W. Hawes Gen. John C. Black Joseph B. Messick SOLDIERS' orphans' HOME. N. B. Thiitlewood Benson Wood W. G. Cochran SOLDIERS' WIDOWS' HOME. Gen. Walter C. Newberry Mrs. Martha K. Baxter Mrs. Agnete Erickson Gen. James K. Campbell Mrs. Margaret 1. Sandes CHARITABLE EYE AND BAR INFIRMARY. Dr. Frances B. Phillips Dr. W. T. Montgomery Dr. Arthur E. Prince STATE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. •James P. Fletcher AllaK. Dow Mrs. Victoria M. Kichardson Mrs. Funny J. Howe Henry C. Wbittemore STATE HOME FOB DELINQUENT BOYS. R. H. Allerton Mrs. Ella M. Kainey. Henry (J. Weaver T. D. Hurley Richard S. Tuthill... J. W. Gates J. Stanley Browne. .. Decatur. Arnold.. McLean Forreston .. Mt. Sterling Rock Island Chicago E. St. Louis Cairo Effingham Sullivan .. Chicago Pawnee Chicago McLeansboro Chicago BloomingtOD Chicago Springfield .. Ridge Farm. Geneva Princeton Chicago Sycamore ... Monticello. C'arrollton . Chicago ... ..do ..do ..do Rockford .. March. 1903. .March. 1905. March. 1907. March. 1903. .March, 1905. March, 1907. March. 1903. March. 1905. March, 1907. .March, 1903. March. 1905. March. 1907. July. 1905 July, 1905 July, 1905 July, 19C5 July. 1905 March, 1903. March, 1905. March. 1907. July, 1903. .July, iy04. July, 1904 . July. 1904 . July. 1905. July, 1903. July, 1903. July. 1904 , iJuly, 1904 , July, 1905. IJuly. 1905. July. 1906. •Deceased. 105 Table III. — Boards of Auxiliary Visitors of County Almshouses^ Jails, Etc. Adams County. Wm. H. Baker, M. D., Quincy. Edward W. McClure, Quincy. Mrs. Rosa Wood Govert, Quincy. Alexander County. W. J. Grinstead, M. D,, president, Cairo. Mrs. Samuel White, secretary, Cairo John A. Miller, Cairo. Bond County. S. A. Phelps, president, Greenville. Mrs. Alice Lindly, secretary, Green- ville, W. T. Easley, M. D., Greenville. Boone County. R. W. Mclnnes, president, Belvi- dere. Mrs. Georgia Whitbeck, Belvidere. J. H. Cook, Belvidere. Brown County. William Parker, M. D., president, Mt. Sterling. Mrs. Mary Larkin, secretary, Mt. Sterling. Col. H. M. Condee, Mt. Sterling. Bureau County. John E. Nash, president, Prince- ton. Mrs. Emma D. Bailey, secretary, Princeton. 0. J. Flint, M. D., Princeton. Calhoun County. Arthur D. Fowler, president, Har- din. F. W. Runde, M. D., secretary, Kampsville. Mrs. G. A. Williams, Hardin. Carroll County. D. C. Basell, president, Shannon. Mrs. Fred S. Smith, secretary, Mt. Carroll. R. C. Miller, M. D., Shannon. Cass County. J. S. Lightfoot, president. Bluff Springs. Walter Bley, M. D., secretary, Beardstown. James A. Schaeffer, Virginia. Champaign County. Rev. W. W. Steadman, president, Champaign. Mrs. Louise Shuck, secretary, Ur- bana. J. E. Morrison, M. D., Urbana. Christian County. W. T. Baker, president, Taylor- ville. Mrs. James A, Adams, secretary, Taylorville. C. L. Carroll, M. D., Taylorville. Clark County. Hector B. Dulaney, president, Mar- shall. W. L. Athon, M. D., secretary, Marshall. Mrs. James W. Graham, Marshall. Clay County. J, R. Bonney, president, Louisville. Thos. McCollum, secretary, Louis- ville. Geo. W. Steele, M. D., Louisville. Clinton County. Mrs. Cora VanHoorbecke, presi- dent, Carlyle. Rev. A. Demming, Carlyle. W. P. Gordon, M. D., Carlyle. Coles County. Mrs. M. B. Spears, president, Charleston. 0. L. Minter, secretary, Oakland. A. T. Robertson, M. D., Ashmore. Crawford County. Jonas M. Carlisle, M. D., president, Robinson. Mrs. Nora F. Berry, secretary, Robinson. John Olwin, Robinson. Cumberland County. Mrs. Alice Hanker, president, To- ledo, C. M, Conner, secretary, Toledo. Charles M. Bond, Toledo. DeKalb County. Charles B, Brown, M. D., presi- dent, Sycamore, John B, Nesbitt, secretary, Syca- more, J. M. Everett, M. D., DeKalb. 106 DeWitt County. G. S. EdmoDsou, M. D., president, Clinton. B. F. Hull, secretary, Clinton. Mrs. America Wheeler, Clinton. Douglas County. C. W. Rutherford, M. D., Newman. Mrs. Kate Moore, Tuscola. W. A. Wiseman, Camargo. Edgar County. W. H. Hoff, M. D., president, Paris. Mrs. Maggie Stout, secretary, Paris. Charles H. Lamb, Paris. Edwards County. * Josiah Dawes, president, Albion. Mrs. Annie R. Gooch, secretary, Albion. H. C. Moss, M. D., Albion. EfiBngham County. Sutnner Clark, M. D., president, Effingham. Mrs. Alice Gwin, secretary, Effing- ham. W. S. Holmes, Effingham. Fayette County. L. L Morey, M. D., president, Vandalia. Ira D. Lakin, secretary, Vandalia. Ford County. Elmer Kelso, M. D., president, Paxton. E. P. Oleson, secretary, Paxton. Franklin County. C. M. Hudgens, M. D., Thompson- ville. W. W. McCreery, Benton. Mrs. Martha N. Dillon, Benton. Fulton County. R. A. Saville, president, Canton. W. T. Zeigler, M. D., secretary. Canton. J. M. Nelles, M. D., Canton. Gallatin County. A. H. Colvard, M. D., Shawnee- town. Mae Roedel, Shawneetown. Edward Rice, Ridgeway. Greene County. H. A. Chapiu, M. D,, president. White Hall. Mrs. Lucy A. Hodges, secretary, CarroUton. Stuart E. Pierson, CarroUton. Grundy County. A. E. Palmer, M. D., president, Morris. Mrs. Eli Johnson, Morris. U. S. Allison, Gardner. Hamilton County. C. H. Anderson, M. D,, president, McLeansboro. Mrs. Lucy Bevis, secretary, Mc- Leansboro. E. A. Hogan,M. D., McLeansboro. Hancock County. Rev. F. J. Tower, president, Car- thage. Mrs. C. B. Newcomer, secretary, Carthage. C. L. Ferris, Carthage. Hardin County. J. E. Server, president, Elizabeth- town. Hattie Rittenhouse, secretary, Pe- tcr's Cr66k. R. H. Willingham, M. D., Eliza- bethtown. Henderson County. Frank Reeder, Terre Haute. George J. Morgan, Stronghurst. E. M. Hanson, M. D., Oquawka. Henry County. J. F. Westerland, M. D., president, Cambridge. Matilda Eaton, M. D., secretary, Cambridge. Nathaniel B. Gould, Cambridge. Iroquois County. William Sierert, president, Pape- neau. Mrs. John Giles, secretary, Gilman. C. W. Geiger, M. D., Gilman. Jackson County. W. W. Essick, M. D., president, Murphysboro. C. C. Riseling, M. D., secretary, Murphysboro. 0. B. Ormsby, M. D., Murphys- boro. Jasper County. Mrs. Jennie Wakefield, president, Newton. Ralph (lib-son, secretary, Newton. J. H. Maxwell, M. D., Newton. * Deceased. 107 Jefferson County. Adam CuUi, president, Mt. Vernon. Andrew Hall, secretary, Mt. Ver- non. John H. Mitchell, M. D., Mt. Ver- non. Jersey County. Henry R. Gledhill, M. D., secre- tary, Jerseyyille. W. H. Fulkerson, Jerseyville. Mrs. M. B. Trabue, Jerseyville. Jo Daviess County. Eugene W. Montgomery, president, Galena. Anna E. Felt, secretary, Galena. F. J. Stafford, M. D., Stockton. Johnson County. E. H. Burris, M. D., president, Vi- enna. Mrs. Maggie A. Simpson, secretary, Vienna. R. A. Hundley, Jr., Vienna. Kane County. Frank H. Jenks, M. D., president, Aurora. Mrs. John T. Mason, Aurora. Fred Belden, Kaneville. Kankakee County. Emory Cobb, president, Kankakee. Mrs. Nettie M. Kenaga, secretary, Kankakee. Knox County. J, V. N. Standish, M.D., president, Galesburg. G. S. Chalmers, M. D., secretary, Galesburg. Miss Mary Hazzard, Galesburg. Lake County. F. C. Knights, M. D., Waukegan. E. H. Ames, M. D., Antioch. C. R. Galloway, Libertyville. LaSalle County. Rev. L. 0. Baird, president, Ot- tawa. Mrs. E. C. Swift, secretary, Ottawa. P. M. Burke, LaSalle. Lawrence County. Rev. William Carson, president, Lawrenceville. Ralph R. Trueblood, secretary, Lawrenceville. Rev. James E. Mayer, Lawrence- ville. Lee County. Mrs. Emma Sheffield, president, Dixon. E. W. Smith, secretary, Dixon. 0. B. Blackman, M. 1)., Dixon. Livingsff^ n County. J. J. Stites, M. D., president, Pon- tiac. Isaac Aerl, Pontiac. Mrs. M. M. Bangs, Pontiac. Logan County. J. Earl Meloy, M. D., president, Lincoln, Mrs. Caroline Lutz, secretary, Lin- coln. George Layman, Lincoln. Macon County. Milton Johnson, president, Deca- tur. E. J. Brown, M. D., Decatur. Mrs. Kate Harwood, Decatur. Macoupin County. J. S. Collins, M. D., president, Carlinville. Lucinda H. Corr, M. D., secretary, Carlinville. "William M. Chiles, Carlinville. Madison County. Mrs. Sophia DeMuth, president, Alton. E. W. Fiegenbaum, M. D., secre- tary, Edwardsville. G. M, McCormick, CoUinsville. Mason County. 0. P. Hopping, M. D., president, Havana. W. A. Covey, Mason City. Amanda M. Brown, Havana. Massac County. J. A. Orr, president, Metropolis. Mrs. C. P. Treat, secretary, Met- ropolis. F. R. Young, Metropolis. McDonough County. J. H. Davis, M. D., Macomb. John W. Watson, Macomb. W. C. McKamy, Macomb. McHenry County. N. A. Nason, president, Algonquin. Mrs. H. B. Minear, secretary, Har- vard. Charles Irwin, Nunda. McLean County. A. W. Meyer, M. D., president, Bloomington. Mrs. M. H. Newton, secretary, Bloomington. Wolf Greisheim, Bloomington. Menard County. Irving Newcomer, M. D., presi- dent, Petersburg. C. E. Frackelton, Petersburg. H. H. Schirding, Petersburg. 108 Mercer County. Chas. W. Carter, M. D., president, Aledo. Horaop Brprelow, secretary, Aledo. Mrs. Mary C. Holmes, Aledo. Monroe County. Henry Niebruegge, president, Wa- terloo. L. Adelsberger, M. D,, secretary, Waterloo. Mrs. Hugh Murphy, Waterloo. Montgomery County. Geo. Clotltelter, M. D., president, Hillsboro. Edward C. Richards, secretary, Hillsboro. Mrs. Anna Linton Sawyer, Hills- boro. Morgan County. H. C. Campbell, president, Jack- sonville. Miss Mary P. Roberts, secretary, Jacksonville. Rev. C. M. Brown, Jacksonville. Moultrie County. S. W. Johnson, M. D., Sullivan. A. K. Campbell, Sullivan. Mrs. Mattie Harris, Sullivan. Ogle County. Bert Fahrney, president, Oregon. Mrs. James C. Fessler, secretary, Oregon. Z. A. Landers, Oregon. Peoria County. Sandoe Howitz, M. D., president. Peoria. Mrs. A. E. D. Pretherbridge, sec- retary, Peoria. J. B. Barton, Bartonville. Perry County. Mrs. Mary McNeill, president, Pinckneyville. George F. Mead, M. D., secretary, Pinckneyville. Mrs. S. B. Eaton, Pinckneyville. Piatt County. Mrs. T. M. Phink, president, Mon- ticello. Mrs. C. J. Bear, secretary, Monti- cello. W. F. Matson, M. D., Monticello. Pike County. Henry T. Duffield, M. D., presi- dent, Pittsfieid. Rev. J. M. Markley, secretary, Pittsfield. Mrs. Mary Yates, Pittsfield. Pope County. J. H. Stevenson, M. D., president, Golconda. Mrs. H. W. McCoy, secretary, Gol- conda. Alonzo Glass, M. D., Eddyville. Pulaski County. Charles J. Boswell, M. D., Beech- wood. C. B. Powell, M. D., Mound City. J. W. Hood, Olmstead. Randolph County. Robert Gant, president, Chester. Mrs. R. E. Sprigg, secretary, Ches- Wm.R. MacKenzie, M. D., Ches- ter. Richland County. John P. Soliss, M. D.. OIney. Mrs. Catherine Rhodes, Olney. Wm. Leathers, Claremount. Rock Island County. James F. Myers, M. D., president, Rock Island. Charles E. Whitesides, M. D., sec- retary, Moline. F. H. Caldwell, Milan. Saline County. A. W. Lewis, Harrisburg. W. S. Swan, M. D., Harrisburg. Mrs. J. J. Parrish, Harrisburg. Sangamon County. George Pasfield, M. D., president, Springfield. Mrs. John M. Palmer, secretary, Springfield. H. R. Riddle, M. D., Mechanics- burg. Schuyler County. Fred Harvey, M. D., president, Rushville. Maxwell Kennedy, Rushville. Mrs. John S. Bagby, Rushville. Scott County. W. C. Day, M. D., president, Win- chester. Mrs. Henry Miner, secretary, Win- chester. John H. Coats. Winchester. Stark County. W. fl. Cottom, president, Toulon. Mrs. S. D. Walker, secretary, Tou- lon. E. B. Pocker, M. D., Toulon. Stephenson County. C. R. Sheetz, M. D., president, Freeport. Miss Winnie L. Taylor, secretary, Freeport. C. P. Leitzell, M. D., CedarvilU. 109 Tazewell County. E. F. Unland, president, Pekin. William E. Schenk, M. D., secre- tary, Pekin. Elica Hodgson, Pekin. Union County. J. C. Stewart, M. D., president, Anna. Mrs. Emily W. Norris, secretary, Anna. George C. Parks, Anna. Vermilion County. Walter J. Brown, M. D., president, Danville. Wabash County. Mrs. Henry T. Goddard, president, Mt, Carmel. George C. Kingsbury, M. D,, sec- retary, Mt. Carmel, Jacob Zimmerman, Mt. Carmel. Warren County. J. R. Ebersole, M. D., president, Monmouth. Mrs. Emma Kilgore, secretary, Monmouth. Furney Jones, Monmouth. Washington County. William D. Carter, M. D., presi- dent, Nashville. Mrs. Rebecca Lane, secretary, Nashville. Newton F. Jones, Nashville, Wayne County. Francis Bean, M. D., president, Fairfield. Mrs. R. N. Jessup, secretary, Fair- field. George M. Norris, Fairfield. White County. Mrs. Lucy C. Berry, president, Carmi. William A. Steele, M. D., secre- tary, Carmi. Clarence M. Meade, Carmi. Whiteside County. R. A. Matthew, M. D., president, Morrison. Robert Wallace, Morrison. Mrs. J. H. Green, Morrison. Winnebago County. William H. Fitch, M.D,, president, Rockford. Mrs. Nellie T. Rew, secretary, Rockford. A. Thornton Lindgren, Rockford. Woodford County. Joseph L Knoblauch, M. D., pres- ident, Metamora. John L. MacGuire, secretary, Met- amora. Mrs. Susan M. Elkin, Eureka. 110 Table IV. — List of siiperiniendcnis of county almshouses and their postoffice addresses. Counties. Name of Superintendent. PostofiQce address. Adams Alexander — Bond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun Carroll Cass Champaign.. Christian — Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford — Cumberland. UeKalb DeWitt DouKlas DuPase Edear Edwards Efiingrham ... Fayette Ford Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy Hamilton — ganoock ardin Henderson .. Henry Iroquois Jackson Jasuer Jefferson Jersey JoDaviess ... Joiinson Kane Kankakee ... tKendall Knox Lake LaSalle Lawrence ... Lee Livlnifstou .. Loean Macon Macoupin ... Mnitlson Marion Marshall Mason Massac , McDououeh D. L. Hair. Jr .)ohn Niemier Kobert Hurst...- Frank Leach (Jasper Bowen •J. O. Craie Robert Fertruson E. Pauley John H. Thompson... Andrew J. Linstrom.. Kolla Melcenheimer.. ( ieorge Barrett Isaac L. .Monteomery. James Moehlman Martin Carnes A. N. [jan^e .John Thomas Cox Alfred Woodard Frank Bastlan ■ J. W. Foster .Tosiah Cambridge Edward B. Howe Edgar Morton iiobert Donohue G. W. McCabe David M. Whitten.... C. W. McRlll L. D. Starr Lewis Weller Felix Benner B. W.Collins, Sr Thomas Sykes William Garvin John Gault Ij. M. McMurphy 1 William A. Marble.... II. J. Wilkinson , IJ. W. Miller William Llpe 'Thomas i^rice IWlllliim A. Smith Ll. K, Mourning iMichael F. Collins... Isaac W. Slack IS. E. Keyes A. C. McCarl , Palloma Beech Ridge Greenville Belvidere Mt. Sterling Princeton I Hardin Mt. Carroll Blufif Springs Urbana Owaneco I Marshall I Louisville Carlyle Ashmore Dunning Trimble Toledo DeKalb Hallville Tuscola Wheaton Route No. 9, Paris .Albion Effingham R. F. D. No. 3. Vandalia. Paxton Benton Canton Omaha Carrol 1 ton Morris McLeansboro Carthage Elizabethtown Oquawka Geneseo Watseka Carbondale F'almouth Mt Vernon Jersey vllle (ialena Vienna Batavia Kankakee, John Cook Charles Apply B. G. Barratt Thomas I. Dickeson {^lyde L. Wicher N. J. Mycr E. F. Spellman W. A Klrkman John Cuveny Frank W. Tunnel 1 ... J. M. Saunders William (i. Dorsey .. Kutren« Wandel J. M. Slack Robert P. Maxwell... Knoxville Liberty vllle Ottawa Lawrencevlllo KIdena I'oniiac Lincoln Decatur Carlinville Kdwardsville R. R. No. 3, Salem Sparland Teheran Metropolis Macomb Ill List of Superintendents — Concluded. Counties. Name of Superintendent. Postoffice address. McHenry McLean Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery Morgan Moultrie Ogle Peoria Perry Piatt Pike *Pope Pulaski Putnam Randolph Richland Rock Island. Saline Sangamon... Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson . Tazewell Union Vermilion ... Wabash Warren Washington . Wayne White Whiteside... Will Williamson .. Winnebago.. Woodford George R. Mills K. A..Karr John H. Cox W. P. Zentmire Dr. J. C.Pults S. E. Barringer Michael H. Cnrrol William Warren Charles H. Betterbenner.. William Brooks A. M. Watts Benjamin Cole William H. Pringle P. Weaver John Kerschner John R. Whitwell George W. Lashley C. R. Brinkley John C. Swank John Douglas John S. Osenton Alfred R. Lenhart Nathan Hamilton J. L. Heinz Fred Fleming Alex Woods James A. Eels J. I. Hollinsworth William Goddard William Morris, Jr Jacob Smith Jonas Mowmer John P. Murphy N. S. Tipton J.H. King Ira Wilsey Charles Rost John W. Lee Alexander Collier Frank Murray Hartland Bloomington... Petersburg Aledo Waterloo ; . Hillsboro Jacksonville .. Sullivan Oregon Hanna City Pinckneyville . ■Monticello Pittsfield Hamletsburg. . Olmsted Hennepin Chester Olney Coal Valley ... Harrisburg.... Buffalo Rushville Winchester ... Shelby ville.... Toulon Belleville Freeport Tremont Anna Vandercook ... Mt. Carroll.... Larchland Nashville Fairfield Carmi Round Grove.. 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Institution for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum for In- sane Criminals Western Insane Hospital Southern Insane Hospital Central Insane Hospital Eastern Insane Hospital Northern Insane Hospital 5 *^«-fO^>aDia*A coco t^^^^ococ^^ 00 '^tcoftCDO) A r^r-gDO^tDccoao M '.H ..H ^N OT »M *H ^ M C*3 N " ~ -* —* ' "'■" -...-.- o «oc*«M 00 -^uaoiCDOi OS r*r"gDOi»eco5 0ifit* I r-nr~^r^nii^^CA e>» »« N « lO •- M N fj ■• NNOStO-CC'IOO'OON c^T'nm^iacMiHt-raNcocoioN a»co<-iiH«M«u3iHmao <-i<.4r-C4 0> t- eo N 1-1 »H 1/3 MlOlO»'*?0"*0»»-c«9'NMMi^»1 2§= .-a OS cS a ■^£ . ■ o v~ti * til Vj2 - — T. «! rjMra i-i^ T^ • -fil-l -8' M»-lC0«0t-M>O»-i^N< ■F.32 01 .u — - ' .^ 13 " 3~ • C-r; • • iJ • •" DSi; " 5ii • £.-«ZI '.t: all ^-^Xa ^ •c— o o >- 3 o s-c-cc: eo o E s s: »- t * * * ■<soe»NOe>sxcvitooor-e«t-«t-p> eg»o»H* eg oo»Hcoeoegj-«eio«ert»H'.*cg«>aoi" eg «H »H »H '^ i eg «H i-It4 tH N m N 09 eg CO »Ht- 00 C^t-^TIO ^t>cg:g j^NONr-iwegiHeo tO,H«O'«rtrtt-00«« eg t-< egiHco t- CO «tH »» Niamt-ico<-iN>oc«i'««oocoN'«eom«H CO a tH'^ eo'>*rHeoeg - THt-l lO -HNCO N^eON ] eo N N M Tl C*^NtHWN tOTH^rt" - f »H »H to r-c r-l lO rH CO eg t-eg • -i OB lo M lo io r- «*t»«OOlOCO lO 1H <« tH OO iH iH <« OO O C] « rl eg CO iH CO M la N CVI ^ «« 00 r-l • - - ^ '^ ^^r^ mia c- s CD la s: e- CO S§3 eg eg »-i eg eg i-HlO a> OS '"SS e ;: g;'° co«« C» tH t- «* • a 3 > 9 : 2c > c • « 3 > ; 1 9 3 3 C 3 ■ <3 • 9 3 1 :« • 4 ' 1 3 3 3 3 • c : e 3 1 3i: 3E i 3 ?5 'fl 3 E \l 1 h 3 C h ; a • >■ • 4 ■i 3 C > 6 la ii 1 : d ! ^ :3 ;? ,1 h i 1 ' a : F 1 > V 150 73 (S a o O N Total State Traininsr School for Girli - :- |o M 1 1- 1 Charitable Eye anil Ear In- firmary o • N •<* xtO** • io;c?5to — oaooo ■ 8 Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home \^ i" 09 Soldiers' Or- phans' Borne.. • eo 'ao<«ira«e4M>Or4 Soldier «' and Sailors' Home. -- i-ICVI M 0> « »» lO »H ^ S « Asylum for Feeble-Minded o> C4 CO c>) CO <-4 iH iH j Southern Insane Hospital S s CJ lO CB -Hto a> Central Insane Hospital ^ nao Eastern Insane Hospital ^ N 3 Northern Insane Hospital S - s ^ _0> a a o £ a d o c c ji fi K o N 01 C-i a _o "5 CD a o £ > .i3 * n u a o c ■: : a a) ^ d o i O (t a C © Cii 151 Total. •S c«i iH 1^ 1-J c^ !?$ c <-i Ncg N •• c c4 c m n cm n co State Training School for Girla Charitable Eye and Ear Infirm- ary OO OS <-c »H rH QO e»Ht->eoc-<«o»t-'*aoiompi«o»>o^i^o t-iDjio»-)Ni-0 Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home — -^ -^ -^ - : v4 I Soldiers' Or- phans' Home.. '- ^M - " - •• Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. IO-H« «oeoioMco<-'4io«Deoo»coe«oonaoeoa>c4«'^c-N NQOO Asylum for Feeble-Minded CM o M-HMrtCg-*<-l»ll -- -HTOM --- '^'* 1 Institution for the Blind rietet « CIP) »-llOM«Ol030r- — lOtO Asylum for In- sane Criminals -- ' 1H<-I ' ^« '— - :- 00 (^ Asylum for In- curable Insane t-N^ro^m Noe>lNO^o^5col000^5>OlOO»■«s■^5l0^5«D^ooe^l^lrt•««-0D _a PO N ^: m v a a O c ,"5 c C c a u d c or oe c a 1- i. ■ t c c c c c c d c oe 1 H c a a "oe a 0. & u a c c c C c c I c oe c c c e < '1 3 J5 c c u X a X a 00 c a » a 00 Ci/ c 1 1 P 1- c a X B OB a * c a c IE a. c c c £ c 4.9 C c c C .2 "S C CL. 153 : : •'-'^ : : : i-^ : :- : •t- 1 • 1 • 1 I I jlH ni SO oo 0)C4 0>» 1 IiH<««r]C- jj-ttO 1 lO N O) O lO «0 ■ 00 t- t- m t- f «0 rH • IS • I jl-l I • |l-(N jrH ;3 tH '^ 1 1 '.'^ 1 |v4 1 1 j | ; ^NOlONNNjHOSOS i-IO> •'«10T-IOSt>CO«IOOS • 1 r^i-< '• ' '• •r-tm •» • • .N^ .T-l N,H jrt l^ci josNNcq '• OS jkOtH 1 '.rtrHrH^Ht-N |n |crs | | ■ CM • • •<-( JNOJCM'W CM OS to •^ rH .« •« N N M O '1 • lO jlO^US t-N010JNeOtOOSOOS«*0> j 00 s » »H 1 • ' 'r4 t ! ' |c>] ■ 1 |oa j 1 j 1 j JN '; 1 s eOCMNS d ' eo •«* 05 « 00 so N •>• i-l CM lO lO •* 00 N t- OS M M N 1-1 N 05 N ; JN • " i ! : ! !* i : : ! ; It- j ; jio '. '• '• 00 : :'-' •rlr-t . • . •!-( 'OS • • o -t- .tooo • -o . fO • . .t^ous • • . 'lO " 'OStH • . . .«m S" S ^ • 1 1 1 j 1 1 JN 1 los lilt; '.ta '• '• •« '^ ■ : us • • ■ I • • • I jos I : t : ; I ' I 1m |oo • • 1 •« 3 3^^ Rock Island Sangamon Scott Stark Stephenson Union Wabash WashlnKton White Will Winnebago is u ■5 c ir s "^ 154 o < eo S .0 •♦«> >* *-i 1 Oi >-< •»* ^ q:> « 55 ^ ^ f. "^ i S: ^ S -TS »o^ **^ ■*,» -0 CO '« <» <» %) ■♦.i "♦.» 1^ T1 ?* §^« i- CO e oi ^ »H 05 •„ •4) &1 C 1^ §^ '^ »s ^ » "^1^ •«* 03 CftT-H ■v ' .<* »J ^ K S r4C ^ ^j 1 -< l-H ^ 1— < X H a PQ < H Total tct-t-05t~«»r-iO'*t-or3inMr~e'je90io«0'>wrocia>05co'wxc->j>j'*ar;trt-ao >Scoot~JOMSio-" — NQtie^jcogv qp.c- o>o>f5c^35t-OioaocooXMt-t-^'»o;or3iOOoiotCio — r»3> oci-'n o"e>< « X ro"to"r-'"» o*-» ui en 10 Vco ••r^co"t-^?J «•' lorJt-'rr — oo Vcvi Wo'io O'.^«-i,-^r^00 ..N,-lW03C^»-ifl.^CMg*-^^CMwH*-l,-HM *4C^*.mHtO CM^*--^ "■ State Training School for Girls :§S : I : : : Ill 33.188 sio 601 Charitable Eye and Ear In flrmarT StZ 'Sloco^^ «e>4i-i^r- •■•;OCO»-l«?J CO"-!-*!-! m • e^M ; ; is* i i : Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home — ^\\\\\\\ i i i i i i ii i i§ i : ! f^ \\\\\f\\\ PI Soldiers' Or- phans' Home... S : : :SS : : eo • • ■■vin • ; 1.095 1.825 4.380 365 365 365 "i2.'775 1.460 2.555 1.460 1,460 365 366 730 "'3,' 285 3,285 "3,' 650 "'i,'695 e- ;t- Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. 62, 125 1,965 2.360 "■^.■325 6.680 2.360 1.965 2.750 3.935 0.285 2.355 1.180 2.765 5.895 68.265 375 785 2.360 2.750 785 785 395 2.360 2.360 1.180 395 12.686 1,675 7.475 785 785 16,365 1,965 Asylum for Fee- ble-Minded 3,716 1,047 1,526 1,095 1.095 1,460 599 2,190 6,982 8,807 4.431 1,044 1,460 4,643 89,067 1.259 730 3.344 2.869 1.672 2.781 3.460 "'i.'774 1.774 1.876 1.007 5.446 365 1.372 730 1.599 2.972 Institution for the Blind ..H to a^ op . ^* t-* to — toe><3 .eotoeo ■weoosoj •laNio 536 1,282 636 525 267 23,983 803 687 230 262 636 266 is : Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 1.876 1.608 536 268 268 1,340 tooO'«c^-*cct^30e->«ctot-:M c*5«»'^ot.»©coii3:ot.-ropoot^ >aco»aoox>oior.io>aioaoo '"536 220 1.345 1.608 1.780 536 1.334 268 1,072 630 268 Asylum for In- sane Criminals CO so ; 11 • CO CO CO .00 . . .lOOM 'lA .d -m • c- . . .Scoio -to .30 -to • eo • • .cot— CO "CO "CO .co ... M • • ; ViJU 273 365 1,095 Western Insane Hospital. i i i i is is fj .o .... -eg ■« ■ ' ■ i i i '■*' i i i i i i '.'.'.'.'.'. '.en '■'••'•'• • Southern Insane Hospital .lOCO .... .Mt.^ .... 10.033 9.873 10.331 3,226 10.544 14.180 "'9.' 386 "5.830 1 ii o> '•m Central Insane Hospital * i i i§ is ..1 . . . .la . . .to . . ««i*^*,..tO*>*0)<' rH .S ;;; ;eO ;;;•-<• ; jt-; : j j : ; : :°* : : 00 -oo . : : : : : :5 :S : i i i i i i^ =53 i is i is : Eastern Insane Hospital :::::§: .eo -co . .evjto . 'w .i«M . • — .00 . .cop -e- •to.n • • rl ■?» . ..Wfj .rH .COiO ; .CO • ti . .too .r- • . \a • • "Oi . . . .CT Northern Insane Hospital I i iH i i i ; ; ;0d ; ; ; :::::: :2 : :S : :S ...... .C4 . .t- •; t- . 1 : : '. : : '0 ^ .to : '.-^ I : : : : : I |S : 1*^ : 1*^ a a Adams Alexander Boone Bureau Cass Christian Clay Coles Crawford DeKalb Doujrlas Edgiir Eflineham Ford Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene J i 3 k. 33wa 155 ^lACOCOlONO>COM»-llO«0«5aOaO«3N0300'-lCX>mc-;0^03C-NOOC-lOt-C'»-IW^aOaO'«|CO CO Cl ^« t-* lO ^H CM W CO ^ C*3 CD C\| rH rl CO C^ CD «H ^^ C-< to^oio jirimmoioooooooinoioioOQOiQOomiraioooinmoioiooiftiOinoooousotrtoooo fr-^-IOOOi -t-- t-DOC-OOOQOOOO-^C>-CMCO^HO>«Ot HOOC-lO-WOJTllCDCD'^CDOOt-QOC-CIl'" - QO CD iO CD CD I:* «01Ci-<00 •IOOO»U!3 0St^T-tCDr-C»COt'OC-kOCO»Or-tOr^OO-HC003lO iHOlHIO •»HC-eOT-(lO rHOrHCO »* CO O lO t- O iH CM 1-H-t » M CM T-l CO CO lO 00 CM T-C CO CM rH CO Ti t- r1 C» CO Cd 1H »1 lO^iOOOOlOia^iO^iOm— -CDOCOOCOCOCTftiriCOCOinOSOOt^lOT^inOirsCOOOIOO-^^lOiOlOlO lOOOCDCOCO CD OS Oi CO CM .X) CD CO -^ OS OOO -^O ;D CM OS -Ht- CD t^ CD CM^JIOiOi CD »n*-«05TH CM C*»^t^a> CD IOtH'«*^(***3»Or-ICD^t-C0'*'^CMT-IOC0THQ000CSi3i« tH CM CM CO "H »H lO r-l CM CM >H lOOCMCM • rl CD <3S OS 00 CMCOOOCM 't-tCOCMQCD CD OS 30 CD CM CM -H CM CD CO CD CD CM OCM^ICMCMtO OOOrXOO CO •t-i ; o M a suss— -S ::: a^ o j; 3 156 Total. State TralniDK School for Qlrls 40^r*00 •05'^ ■ U3 T^ CQ irt »-< *o -^00C0*#i/5 . . .O 'COCO . c^ :S :S :8 I 3 •CO -t- • I CO : :§j : 1^ O a * ° Pj3 I- * >•— — z:::: c o *-■ ■ *> -D S " «» « 00 •lOOit— OSOCOaOOOCOCDOSO C0tHU0i-tt-»0»lOa000OC0O'*00a0COC0C*THC0 •r^OCOi^COI>COCOOOCOOC^ KOIOCMIOOOOOOOO' Asylum for Peeble-Minded -c^iiot^ Celine _. _. , __, • coc*ioasc000 •— cr»coc^CT)C3 ■c^iot»c^imcoco'^t>»05roaO'- 1- * 158 Tot»l. State Training School for Girls Charitable Eye and Ear In- firmary Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home Soldiers' Or- phans' Home.. !33 ■a .qovto ft • « :g5 : : : :8 :8S a»coa9abaB«P^-t-aB*p•Cl^^^l--&>00'-|•Q^»<5^••o>."5^•.I-|-•J: 10015000 n CO oouaiatAiA a a o O U X Soldiers' and Sailors' Homo. mcoNQonc taiAooa:«ooooioe^moootaomoiookftinointoQ^ cv)coioi^^ioiAiOO«-4t«^u3M^«f^r-r-ao^^iOiArir-.3r^ O) to a >o o> i-i V a> <-! ^ cco>c^<-iNc~^«ai2«>cz vooouSm Asylum fOr Feeble-Minded c^i -ocoinr^ioooioccNiomoioiAUiOor^uao^oii^iooinr-ccminQio o •o«oto«'»co^Stcter3a3»mQccj«c«>-<»>-ir5ioot~iO'*ooxSm Institution for the Blind... In.'^titution for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum for In- sane Criminals Asylum for In- curable Insane «ia.-l .QO •^0^^ -NNM • M t- rj 00 10 - locon •*o 00 'to t~:o t£,IQ lax 3 o c-< ; >05eoo»i 5gsS? r-OQC^tcicio -N — aoeoQ-"0OOOOOO . ^OlOc^JlOlOlO«Jl^oc>lcOTllm^o^nmMlOlOOlr>^^lOt-lO • T,^ O 00 05 »0 T-t .-( r— 00 t- 1- o> o in o ^ C^< C^ 00 U3 t- c^ o> c- • «HeJrHtOS^»Ht^ y^ CO CO iH 05 COM N tHIOCO t-^CQ N • ooooooooo • ininoin — coinmin • CMOseoaoinoooeoo • ■^r^ rHCOOdiHCON • i 4.457 1.095 1.825 6,632 1.095 2,000 2.906 730 365 1.622 1.460 3.227 730 8.760 1.668 1.048 1.201 7,578 2,365 3,622 2,365 4,746 1,095 730 1,460 2,000 1.814 1,825 5.537 2.734 4,015 3.928 s is e^co 253 169 67 254 1.416 398 CO lO U3 • o o a> c^i CM •LOtO^CX> m CO 6,263 156 807 1.883 1,025 798 1.494 1.076 269 903 907 638 538 638 2.416 269 m CO 3.714 1.054 1.216 1.636 588 538 638 489 SOS 1.578 807 2.690 689 1.076 2.350 CO m i CO —ICO CO « i 1 in CO 050 ••*C- C^CD CO i 005 CO— < OCD • —(CO ; CD 00 US m'*aoc t J 4. 3-- I 1 n 1- 5 : is 5 : 1" 3 .2: li : e 1 » 7 • c 1. < 1 1 :: (7 3t 37 : t> la C c ■ c c i 1 i c ■ c : c ii a i t. a ; C c 1 id : c 1 f i 3 it ix :i c c & 1 s: c =4- t: c c & • ? .5 o5 1 160 o <2. <3i 1-H Qj ^ a •^ s-> o 5S5 Qi ti "C -«? 55 -♦»> <51 O -C' 00 « s r«: ^, ,,^ **.» o ^ '■».« o § o CO -*? <4) o K rt w, Qi 2 so =0-2 o M t-H H a < Total State Training School for Girls. ■ CM •;;;;;;; ;N • ;Ng ; Charitable Eye and Ear Infirm- ary •CM -Ti :'-':; i'^ .OS— i^^s ; : : : :'^'^ :'* :'*'* ;::;*: Soldiers' Widows' -^ ::::::::::::: :?3 : ;M ;;;;;;;; ;^ ;;; ;»H Soldiers' Orphans' o • ; i^'" ; ; ;«•«£> ;T-"r^ ;iS^° 9 .eOr^T-l?! . .r> • -Oi 'N •Si • Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Home G0U3CO .-^t-?C-»OX)»HN(Ot- .CMCli-ICOCOn— •N'^CSMMn Asylum for Feeble- Minded ■JCTSC. •wr-o .ioiowMin.-i-»?jioo> ♦Institution for the Blind ♦Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Asylnm for Insane Criminals • • • • ... r« ■ H -r^ •iHNiH . . ..-109 . .»H . . Western Insane Hospital :::: :S :S :::::::§ : Southern Insane Hospital :??S i : : i : : : : \^^ • -S : I : : : I'-SS jS :S : :iS : Central Insane Hospital g : : :S :S :S :5 : : : :- : : :S ::::::: :S :S§ : :S Eastern Insane Hospital : : : : :~ : : :S :^ : :!3§ : 5 :-SI :S : : :a : : : :gi : : Northern Insane Hospital ! ; ;?J ; i i ; ! ! i i ! : ;i i :S : :S ::: I ::::::: : •D _» a a o Adams Alexander Boone Bureau Carroll Champaign CI in ton Cook Curnberladd DeWitt DuPage Edwards Fayette Franklin Gallatin Grundy Hancock 161 " -^ ^ — ^--. . 3^cg^, tH cm »)cot«cvso)T-tcmoc*c«?co^cor"QO'^^C0rH -CO^OO -iH^ .03 tH M iH tH tHtH tHtH C^ tH tH • tM ■ NNtHCONt- tHN '^neg .2 a -o'o I- 3 ; &1 3>; 2 "SCI O t« O 0-zl.° m O ib-Sm ^ * S '-'+^ •■ — — 11 Cv, 162 d o O rO g Total. State Train ins: School for Girls. Charitable Eye and Eur Infirm- ary Soldiers' Widows' Home Soldiers' Orphans' Home Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Home Asylum for Feeble Minded ■ Nr)<-" • • •«« .N»< eooMcQNio -la -N >t*j^usio^Mc-o»o • i r; ♦Institution for the Blind ♦Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Asylum for Insane Criminals Western Insane Hospital Southern Insane Hospital Central Insane Hospital .4-1 .MCO .^T^ • I O . M . .1- • X) • CC O CO Eastern Insane Hospital Northern Insane Hospital ■ s • • • • a o • u — , IT as t;— • . a • • ■ : : « ■ : o • fc, S= • O _ - -. „ ;; - * • * § a S * * * c8 j=.c.— ".- o as 2 H Mx-^H5>^£:^^e:^^^^^X 163 Total. State Training School for Girls Charitable Eye and Ear in firmary Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home Soldiers' Or- phans' Home.. Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Asylum for Fee- ble Minded .. Institution for the Blind* Institution for the Ueaf and Dumb* Asylum for In- sane Criminals Asylum for In- curable Insane o»oot-oo™-^OM3<-Ht-a>MeoooaooocJOOT)ir-'«)ioioaousio»- CO N CO ocoioMMio •^oooioNiocMmooMwosos^oo • ;o »* ;D T* SM CO !0 N ■« 00 t» lO CO OS N 00 rH eH Western Insane Hospital Southern Insane Hospital Central Insane Hospital Eastern Insane Hospital Northern Insane Hospital a a s« s « ys i N 1 1 ill s III iUMSti g iMA ill ill 164 13 O O H ^ Total State Tralnine School for Girls M CO ION o«o>ntoio<-it- Asylum for Fee- ble Minded .... Institution for the Blind* Institution for the Deaf and Dumb* Asylum for In- sane Criminals ^CI>'«|iTOiOCC»lOO»MN^-«mi-llOW« Western Insane Hospital s CO g -« !S s Southern Insane Hospital 0--0 n n t-es o> s S Central Insane Hospital ^ sss ?s joo S2 1 : Eastern Insane Hospital ^g '^ S 5 :- | 3 C ^ « : e • a J a 3- S I : a . t 3 a ;5 '5 ; t> : a :£ 1 c : c ^ c t c : I ^ c _■ a ;T IZ '^1 ; 01 165 O5t-COt-WiraN00«C- 1 ^ -^ r.^ 10 M Nrt «* U3 is CO '^ ^ iHN 1 N eOCOrH '^ -^ iHr-l rHlH»H Tieo '- : S toos»» ^ 10 h .-1 10 rt •^ »# 00 ^ o» 10 1 1 g lacocM^ M .H 1-^ T-t T-trH • 1 10 i|3 i i «H T^ «-l N rH rH «OC4 M " C E 4II II J ^1 ,1 >- c c £ c a > a. 1. Z a c '/ a c 1. c 1^ c 1 > c a L t- a c 1 c > 2 1 a 1 i c 1 C 1 c i * c s ^ as 166 Table XXI. — Showing consumption of articles named, per Juhi 1, 1900, to Articles. Dleaanre a: pD DCS o <-»• c to ►! H.SL £ xi Breadstuff s Meat and fish Vegretables Rice and hoininy Cider and vinegar Fru its Fruits Oranges Coffee Tea Butter Cheese Eggs Syrup Sugar Average number of persons fed. Pounds.. 281.40 262.60 254.08 251 91 ' ' 205.6a 256.76 318.64 336.35 Pecks... 10.49 16.71 20.69 10.58 Pounds.. 4.09 10.35 2.45 13.72 Gallons.. 1.25 1.82 .99 1.79 Quarts.. .95 1.21 8.13 6.43 Pounds.. 12.94 114.66 98.63 17.89 Number. 5. OS 17.46 4.56 10.97 Pounds.. 9.69 11.47 7.19 13.73 * * 2.67 5 89 4.72 3.19 ' ' 30.51 25.75 24.01 26.10 * * .98 .24 4.77 7.91 Number. 265.65 134.21 33.43 77.21 Gallons.. 2. 1.03 2.04 3 30 Pounds.. 53.98 64.22 26.39 59.39 1.370.35 2,589.42 1.464.83 1.230.86 249.41 227.93 15.63 1.97 1.04 27.88 28.84 2.78 7.43 2.15 29.23 3.% 52.78 1.85 32.16 708.73 • Not reported. Table XXII. — SJiowing consumption of articles named, per Jnhj 1, 1901, to Articles. Measure 55 o ^ T3 !B t?3 to n O "I ~B O 51 w B" ?3 o 5. Breadstuff 8 Meat and fish Vegetables , Rice and hominy Cider and vinegar Fruits Fruits Oranges Coffee Tea Butter Cheese Eggs Syrup Sugar Average number of persons fed Pounds Pecks... Pounds. (Jiillons. Quarts. Pounds. Number Pounds. Number. Gallons . Pounds.. 299.62 182.85 9.6t 7.60 1.02 1 3S 20.91 .84 9.12 2.53 28.56 1.97 256.37 2 09 32.62 1.408.22 316.97 255.04 209.66 261.96 288.88 526.88 8.60 16.61 8.42 14.42 2.93 41.47 1.92 .82 1.90 4.82 19.09 43.88 13.09 8.60 26 66 10.21 5.71 9.35 12.12 7.35 11.70 6.18 4.80 2.91 25.38 23.48 24.80, .01 4.71 .63! 170.96 3'3.21 37.08 1.44 2.12 8 91 55.15 48.84 64.92 ,.666.27 1,436.24 1,304.461 244.90 222.71 18.16 1.79 .86 14 66 28.68 4.91 8.16 1.68 30.38 1.88 44.35 1.55 43.72 724.60 • Not reported. 167 capita, as reported by each institution, for one year, from June 30, 1901. > „ : ©■ : t^ . ►< > CO Ul CO C ■ (B • (T> • *r^ ■ .. • - . *? 9 00 J5 340.01 243.04 211.27 255.45 136.49 315.82 172.60 191.83 240.50 243.31 342.88 194.61 90.37 201.59 270 62 117.29 182.10 211.49 87.88 217.44 19.25 14.23 27.54 10.73 12.72 9.70 22.22 16.37 14.25 15.79 12.09 1.83 4.02 15.14 3.13 2.42 11.03 2.48 3.72 6.32 .88 .58 .41 .44 .52 .55 2.91 .42 1.26 1.06 * 4.61 60.65 125.94 6.95 12.15 24.80 6.71 21.04 23.65 * 179.26 79.52 14.40 26.99 45.55 14.20 30.91 3.50 51.33 9.81 16.02 10.17 17.62 1.39 22.30 17.87 29.16 14. 12.80 20.47 4.20 7.27 17.10 24.13 3.52 14.53 8.89 3.41 10.93 2.08 .03 .59 3.23 .48 .19 4.56 4.25 .68 2.48 27.80 20.40 19.44 22.95 22.61 22.49 44.44 30.89 11.74 25.60 .51 2.92 2.07 1.72 .84 1.65 .65 .91 1.43 2.18 117.32 108.66 119.89 117.70 150.56 48.57 242.65 174.08 62.92 121.83 3.54 2.42 .52 1.25 .65 5.07 .25 .24 175 1.84 42.58 56.67 77.74 76.81 61.85 29.08 75.02 56.53 46.34 52.77 197.50 457.77 226.50 1,056.30 1.534.75 417.31 55.04 160.89 161.34 11,632. capita, as reported by each institution, for one year, from June 30, 1902. bB ft !3". p ST. B O o-g. : 5' > Oi CO CD a CO H g-B o2. to 1^ W3 ?3 p p B- CCp p-a> o o © : B • to i g &B : •: s" ; v : * Bg a> B . o. : CO • £. : 6 ■ « '. p • B • CO i ^ • o : ^ ■ OD : b" Training for Girls 355.51 167.23 160.59 207.20 168.78 238.53 134.29 202.75 269.27 230.02 266.16 171.56 178.64 138.70 275.44 109.21 151.27 185 95 87.28 216.96 19.47 9.01 16.88 11.89 13.63 9.60 6.74 14.22 19.95 13.05 14.64 1.27 1.75 40.08 5.53 4.84 20.79 3.85 4.70 11.83 .73 .42 .35 .72 .62 .59 .98 .75 1.01 .91 * 32.77 62.14 19.35 24.70 5.15 3.62 47.52 15.81 22.61 * 21.57 92.01 14.28 22.51 52.42 11.08 21.71 8.25 26.28 10.35 11.74 7.72 17.10 5.78 12.25 8.97 21.56 10.32 9.77 ■8.54 3.09 5.52 16.54 25.63 2.47 12.22 8.79 3.58 9.63 1.35 .04 .63 2.70 .67 .19 3.88 4.06 .26 2.28 27.37 12.46 1.5.33 25.12 23.29 22.32 36.15 29.90 13.90 24.18 1.35 3.16 .75 .96 1.76 1.87 .41 1.21 1.29 1.66 60.81 51.94 3.81 72.15 143.40 39.77 132.45 146.81 51.49 88.90 6. 1.09 .75 2.59 .91 7.08 .38 .i3 2.27 2.31 45.37 42.45 57.90 67.76 55.69 40.05 60.90 57.95 40.70 50.29 195.64 619.82 308.29 1.175.15 1.568.33 414.18 58. ' 181.46 192.49 12, 151. 168 Table XXlll— Showing the comparative cost of provisions, per from July 1, 1900 Articles. Breadstnffs Meats, etc Veuetables Cider and vineffar Fruits Tea. coflPee, etc Butter and butterine. Cheese Milk Eggs Syrup and molasses.. Sugar All other provisions.. Freight Total Cost per month , Cost per day Number of persons fed s3 $6 07 16 29 1 55 13 1 70 1 98 6 42 11 1 79 3 60 43 2 98 42 t42 49 3 54 .116 1,370.35 «2 S S 23 17 05 2 45 18 2 09 3 38 3 62 03 3 29 1 39 21 3 04 34 50 $42 70 3 56 .117 2.589.42 KS eg ff S 4 55 23 72 2 56 12 1 99 2 49 2 98 53 19 36 43 1 65 1 24 20 $43 01 3 58 .118 1.464.83 $ 4 06 17 68 83 19 39 3 26 3 23 10 76 86 3 55 19 06 $46 60 380 .125 1.230.86 CC 9» SL : 5" • OD • : a Breadstuffs $ 5 20 15 37 2 68 12 2 03 1 68 5 78 3 00 3 67 54 1 53 53 $ 6 17 19 63 1 41 21 1 03 3 53 3 28 02 3 80 2 21 82 2 79 2 17 34 $ 4 61 22 06 4 28 10 1 64 2 35 2 64 56 17 45 53 2 60 1 63 14 $ 4 11 24 88 2 62 20 2 42 2 57 3 IS 07 $ 4 87 16 69 Vegetables 4 22 Cider and vinegar 12 Fruits 2 75 1 94 Butter and butterine 3 98 Chr-ese 23 Milk Eggs 40 1 10 2 90 2 03 35 54 39 Sugar 2 27 All other provisions 51 Freight Total $42 25 3 51 .116 1,408.22 $16 91 3 91 .128 2,565.27 $43 76 8 65 .12 1.435.24 $46 80 3 90 .128 1,304.46 $38 51 Cost per month 3 21 Cost per day .105 Number of persons fed 724.60 169 capita, as reported by fourteen State institutions, for one year, to June 30, 1901. > >-4 OS'S. 5 c n> o (-1 > CD CO m O CB ■S It "I so & no §£: ".a o» ©2. o ?^. : Q. cspgr : so® SCCg 3 £ BO ; O P-5 op a> O • "7 D ►1 H) $10 29 S 4 75 $4 34 $ 5 72 $ 2 93 $6 28 $ 6 14 $ 6 09 $5 42 $ 5 36 21 70 13 14 9 95 16 18 21 66 9 56 18 82 17 63 9 25 16 28 3 22 2 44 4 41 1 30 2 02 2 08 4 11 4 01 2 84 2 57 11 08 15 06 U5 09 49 14 17 15 2 41 4 20 3 86 3 87 2 20 4 22 2 67 6 35 1 86 2 92 3 36 61 1 88 3 23 3 11 68 5 34 2 94 81 2 52 3 98 2 54 3 U8 3 05 2 90 3 08 9 59 4 59 2 01 3 90 10 34 21 20 10 21 11 12 22 20 9 21 63 7 03 2 62 9 04 .. 2 18 1 31 1 22 1 19 1 41 1 64 2 28 75 1 41 86 47 16 29 11 90 08 19 42 42 2 15 3 35 4 42 4 24 2 89 1 50 4 67 3 27 2 73 3 03 3 01 6 26 1 71 4 92 36 3 39 4 28 6 01 1 39 3 16 31 73 23 18 $52 50 S 39 40 $35 67 $45 20 $40 20 $41 83 $65 95 $61 66 $27 SS $44 28 4 37 3 28 2 97 3 98 3 52 3 48 5 49 5 14 2 32 3 72 .144 .108 .098 .124 .11 .114 .181 .169 .076 .121 197.50 457.77 226.50 1.056.30 1.534.75 417.31 55.04 160.89 161.34 11.632 capita, as reported by fourteen State institutions, for one year, to June 30, 1902. > 0?l rt _.B : ® • -1 > cc cc 03 cc H as tfl SO vj II 2. si 5 i-i> CB2. so a. 2» wo B* — CbSsB- JlCCp 12.® 2h i B 2-B » 3 a • 4 51 3.073 34 1,774 56 2.364 62 9.110 35 354 91 709 82 473 5!) 354 91 2.013 00 yi7 16 3.667 79 473 68 948 26 1.064 73 1,774 60 2.601 66 7u9 82 691 15 8,061 89 709 82 175 -Continued. Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Soldiers' Widows' Home. Eye and Ear Infirmary. State Training School for Girls. Total. Av. No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av. No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. 12 $1,853 54 1. $ 267 91 .50 1.26 $ 137 53 346 57 298.40 49.14 33 72 28.16 35.31 92.39 22.18 37.25 46 07 102.24 94.60 57.01 39.36 42.80 80.92 3,000.80 38.58 37.42 68.26 48.73 37.68 46,86 61.57 11.01 42.87 61.16 48.01 35.72 141.27 23.48 67.46 34.27 38.81 110.24 16.43 25.96 88.34 57.90 87.26 39.15 58.98 55.88 61.70 33.55 167.05 72.97 25.48 134.58 50.80 147.05 34.65 68.16 79.11 92.16 115.69 106.62 188.63 71.62 32.42 53.09 26.79 92.29 58.87 190.12 26.83 41.68 32.41 75.95 108.26 36.04 53 42 220.39 63.06 $ 37. 171 61 .27 .23 $ 48 55 41 36 7, 698 66 4,917 62 .29 .14 .65 .03 .07 .28 .57 .53 1.15 .40 79 77 38 51 178 78 8 25 19 25 77 02 156 78 145 78 316 31 110 02 4,429 06 4 617 85 154 46 4,644 07 1. 13,293 83 2. 960 34 5.383 68 3. 463 39 772 31 1,853 51 154 46 154 46 154 46 6.298 77 5. 15.823 69 12. 13,627 51 1. 1.69 303 91 9.045 03 1. 6,096 93 1. 6, 182 76 1.15 51.07 1.07 .48 .36 .62 .16 .02 .95 .35 1.20 .47 .12 .76 .07 3i6 31 14,046 81 294 31 132 03 99 02 170 53 44 01 5 50 261 30 96 27 330 06 129 28 33 01 209 04 19 25 .30 90.93 63 95 16,351 94 12. 293 69 35. 4. 5.406 17 617 85 1,081 23 617 85 617 85 154 46 154 46 308 92 21.53 5,768 13 479,807 29 5, 720 53 7. 6,339 68 4. 2. 535 84 10,616 44 4. 6.880 09 1. 5,968 24 1. 7,310 78 2. .85 152 85 9,697 18 1,614 46 6,230 09 9. 1,390 16 1.390 16 .i9 34 17 8,834 17 9. 7,580 29 5,717 59 10. 1,544 62 1. 267 91 1.65 296 72 19,654 58 3,460 72 3. 463 39 .20 .81 .68 55 01 222 79 187 04 9.020 51 5,363 64 2. 308 92 6,025 18 1. 267 91 14.302 40 2. 308 92 2,253 88 3,564 54 .31 .62 1.34 1.78 1.24 1.18 85 27 170 53 368 57 489 59 341 07 324 56 12,539 79 4. 617 85 617 85 772 31 1,390 16 772 31 8.709 58 4. 13.019 29 6. 6,347 97 9. .88 1.92 2.87 158 25 345 27 516 11 9,258 32 5. 7,621 38 8,740 99 3. 463 39 154 46 154 46 .44 1.41 .91 .14 .85 .29 4.53 3.32 .52 1.11 2.45 .39 .69 .37 .45 .43 .02 .04 .60 .04 .99 .14 .18 121 02 387 82 250 30 38 61 233 79 79 76 1,245 98 913 17 143 03 305 31 673 87 107 27 189 78 101 77 123 77 118 27 5 50 11 00 165 03 U 00 272 30 38 51 49 51 4.885 58 1. 1. 2.74 734 08 4.79 861 38 26. 568 77 11.696 66 .80 2.50 .33 143 86 449 57 59 34 3,932 72 10. i.544 62 19.395 58 8,016 26 1. 154 46 30S 92 308 92 308 92 926 77 2,162 47 154 46 154 46 926 77 1. 267 91 24,082 77 2. 5.564 90 2. .20 53 58 10.202 21 2. 12,145 62 6. 13,119 83 14. 1.54 412 57 16,857 72 1. .33 59 34 14,936 20 1. 25,432 71 6. 11,082 42 4.622 97 6. 926 77 7,889 84 3,782 81 11. 1.699 08 2.56 460 36 13.362 25 8, 608 88 14. 2. 162 47 1.20 .79 215 79 142 06 26,853 60 3,753 30 5,860 97 4,780 22 1. 154 46 1.58 .08 .41 .37 .29 2.55 434 58 22 00 112 77 101 77 79 77 701 38 .33 59 34 10.836 66 .92 246 48 16,281 81 5,650 83 2. 308 92 1,235 70 926 77 8,378 71 8. 6. 3. 803 73 2.09 375 84 30, 100 31 8,059 66 17G Table XXV Conntles. Asjrlam for Feeble- Minded. Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Piatt Pi Ice Pope PulHski Putnam Randolph Kichland Rock Island .. Saline Saneamon — Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson... "Tazewell Union Vermilion Wabash Warren Washinerton .. Wayne White Whiteside .... Will Williamson... Winnebasro ... Woodford State at large. Total 6.62 6. 78 3 1 3. 4.42 8.16 20.42 4 3. 2. 16.14 8.46 6.16 4.86 12.78 2.84 1.96 3.84 4.72 4.63 3.78 12.46 6.48 8.86 9.72 896.28 t 867 47 1,065 48 471 45l 157 15 471 45 694 60 1.282 34 3.209 10 628 60 471 45 314 30, 2, 536 40l 1,329 48 810 kS 763 75 2,008 38 446 30 308 00 603 46 741 75 727 60 594 03 1.958 09 1.018 33 1.392 35 1.527 60 $140,850 42 2.16 19.38 2.16 4.30 1.07 9.69 3.23 19.38 3.23 81.82 8.63 6.46 5.37 4.30 71.18 9.65 20.47 7.52 6.46 10.761 3.23 4.30 14 17.22 4.25 8.63 4.31 1.502.71 t 236 24 2.184 41 236 24 473 50 118 60 1.064 73 354 91 2.184 41 354 91 8.990 38 948 26 709 82 591 00 473 50 7.821 26 1.060 34 2,249 24 826 30 709 82 1,184 00 354.91 473 00 1.538 32 1.892 13 467 00 947 00 473 00 S165,121 76 177 -Concluded. Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Soldiers' Widows' Home. Eye and Ear Infirmary. State Training: School for Girls. Total. Av. No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av. No. Cost. Av.No. Coat. 2 $ 308 92 926 77 154 46 .78 .41 1.54 .05 .06 .76 .39 .21 1.06 .29 $214 64 112 77 423 58 13 75 16 60 206 29 107 27 57 76 291 65 79 76 40.56 95.59 24.31 29.72 14.70 53.61 45.55 123.67 28.16 242.38 43.32 26.87 61.61 19.29 225.09 68.57 77.28 64.80 119.26 25.85 59.55 41.61 37.46 63.48 79.89 138.49 40.68 96.44 55.27 11.67 $ 5, 959 SO 6. 14.131 31 1 3.984 64 1. $267 91 1.12 $ 201 4i 4.478 90 1. 164 46 2,472 56 7,628 43 7. i.Osi 23 772 31 308 92 2,625 85 617 85 772 31 308 92 .90 161 86 7.023 67 5 1.66 444 74 17,971 34 2 4,317 73 17. 4. .46 1.24 123 24 332 21 7.29 1,310 96 32,757 90 6, 154 68 6 .29 1. 79 76 275 05 3,525 28 2. .44 79 12 9,436 29 2.671 68 11. 1.699 08 1.99 .01 1.90 633 14 2 68 509 03 .80 220 04 1.84 330 89 32. 198 41 10.401 02 5 772 31 1.853 54 926 77 463 39 926 77 772 31 308 92 1,081 23 154 46 308 92 .55 2.03 2.08 .66 151 28 658 35 572 10 154 03 10.806 85 12. 9,880 64 6. 6.10 .22 1.096 96 39 56 18,661 85 3. 3,968 70 6 8.362 82 5 .44 1.21 2.69 .91 1.84 1.94 1.30 .16 121 02 332 81 739 88 250 30 506 09 533 60 357 57 44 01 6,129 42 2. 6,081 17 7 8,575 99 1. 11,591 62 2. .37 99 16 1.26 226 58 21.747 83 6.337 39 1. 267 91 2.12 381 22 15.581 13 2. 308 92 8.385 70 1 520 85 372. $57,459 78 45.66 112,206 06 121.81 $33,603 93 138.79 $24,958 61 10.039.82 $1,611,463 72 -12 C. 178 Table XXVI — Showing the average number of inmates in fourteen State of their support, as reported by each Coanties. Northern Insane Hospital. Eastern Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. 92.97 $12, 273 05 Bond 23.15 $ 3.399 69 18.10 2,389 38 2. $ 303 57 12.80 1,689 73 CrtSM 28.45 3.755 69 66.32 10,066 01 43.82 6.784 70 (J lark 29.66 4,501 63 Clay Coles 47.63 1,338.66 7.229 68 203,190 65 713.46 14,774 76 .07 9 24 20.89 3.170 82 Dc'Kalb . 43.18 6,194 23 DeVVitt . 1. 31.74 151 78 4.818 31 26.04 3,437 65 34.99 5. 138 45 E-itrar 39. ie .67 5.943 65 101 39 Ford 27.46 4.168 81 70.14 9,259 20 Gullutin 34.51 4,555 68 31.22 4,738 92 60.40 6,653 32 Hardin 1. 132 01 i. 46.11 151 79 6,998 72 23.12 3.052 08 90.66 13.299 15 2. 61.67 303 57 9,361 12 KtMidall 18. 2.643 38 1. 151 79 40.14 6,894 75 113.76 17,266 70 41.68 6. 120 91 51.98 7,890 16 34.29 62.19 66.12 4.526 63 1. 151 79 8. 209 73 8. 728 53 Madison 179 State institutions from each county in the State, and the cost to the institution for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902. Southern Insane Hospital. Western Insane Hospital. Asylum for Insane Criminals. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Institution for the Blind. Av.No. Cost. Av, No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No, Cost. 1.60 .63 $ 355 05 139 80 8. 4.78 3. 2. .82 6. $ 1.603 67 958 19 601 38 400 92 164 37 1,202 76 1.90 1.85 $ 448 13 36.60 18.40 $4,907 06 2,466 94 436 34 1. 235 86 66.70 $9,127 79 1. 1. 1. 221 91 221 91 221 91 .28 1.06 1.80 66 04 250 01 26.68 3.651 12 424 54 1. 7 38 4.09 3.37 3.44 2.62 2.58 124.42 200 46 1.479 39 819 88 675 55 689 58 525 20 517 18 24,941 11 2.70 599 15 3. 3.68 2. 2. 707 68 865 60 471 72 27.44 3,678 95 3,780 85 471 72 28.20 1.27 2. 70.74 281 82 443 81 15.697 49 2. 93.50 471 72 103.77 14.200 76 22,079 13 30.66 4.110 66 .35 77 67 4. 2. 2. 2.20 3. 2. .03 4.99 1. 4. 5. 8.68 1. 4.61 2. 4. 1.80 1. 801 84 400 92 400 92 441 01 601 38 400 92 6 01 1,000 29 200 46 801 84 1,002 30 1.739 98 200 46 924 12 400 92 801 84 360 82 200 46 2.73 2.16 641 54 609 45 1. 221 91 .50 1.35 1. 110 95 299 58 221 91 2.04 481 15 7.75 1,039 06 4.329 20 5,435 30 32.29 40.54 26.26 3.520 75 1. 2.22 221 91 492 63 2.06 1. 481 15 16.73 2,243 03 235 86 .63 139 79 25.07 3,361 20 1. 3.03 1.47 235 86 712 29 8.92 1. 195 93 346 71 16.33 68.44 2.234 73 9.365 90 .38 .30 3.24 84 32 66 57 718 96 4.99 .99 6.84 2. 5. 3.37 i.666 29 198 45 1.371 14 400 92 1.002 30 675 55 !74 2. .48 44.62 5.982 32 3.353 15 5.499 65 174 53 25.01 471 72 41.02 1. .46 .08 2.221 91 102 08 17 75 113 21 42.17 5.770 88 3.23 768 90 24.46 3,279 41 4.29 2.34 951 96 519 25 10.52 5. 2. 5.96 5. 17.50 1. 2. 5. 7. 4.93 11. 4 87 2.108 82 1.002 30 400 92 1. 194 74 1.002 30 3,508 03 200 46 400 92 1,002 30 1.403 22 988 26 2.205 05 976 24 2. 1. 471 72 235 86 64.67 8.849 98 2. 443 81 1. 1. 1. 235 86 235 86 1. 221 90 235 86 25.59 3.430 92 1.88 2.48 1. 3. 1.15 7.09 417 18 550 32 221 91 665 71 255 19 1.573 30 1. 2.85 .42 5.51 1 11 2.96 235 86 672 20 .20 27 37 99 06 1,297 23 261 80 81.15 10.879 98 695 78 180 Table XXVI— Counties. Northern Insane Hospital. Eastern Insane Hospital. Central Insane Hospital. Av.No. Cost Av.No. Cost. A.T.NO. Cost. Marshall 28.10 S 8,709 49 44.99 5,939 IS 38.08 1. $5,592 23 146 85 1. 4.99 $ 151 79 767 57 94.18 12,432 78 17.45 2.303 57 44.17 53.99 5.830 90 7. 127 24 Moultrie; 23.73 3.601 74 Ogle 10.14 5.894 75 .96 145 10 101.16 i3.352 90 Perry Piatt 26.27 47.61 3.467 9i Pike 6,285 01 Pulaski Richland. 1. 3. 161 79 455 35 101.28 24.37 16.17 13.363 46 3.217 09 2.134 60 Shelby. St Clair 43.21 6.346 59 .80 121 73 41.43 5,469 19 82.60 12.537 86 Whiteside 1. 146 86 90.37 13,716 47 Williamson 68.14 8,634 92 1. 1. 151 79 161 78 Woodford 29.87 6.91 1,241.91 8.913 15 1. 146 85 912 19 1.186.73 1174,273 36 2.125.38 $322,603 62 1163,945 16 -Concluded. 181 Southern Insane Hospital. Western Insane Hospital. Asylum for Insane Criminals. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Institution for the Blind. Av.No. Cost. Av. No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. 48.34 $6,481 07 .06 $ 13 32 5.87 $1,176 70 1.96 $ 459 92 19.11 $2,615 17 6.63 1.00 2.60 2. 10.89 1. 1. 4.96 8.50 19.57 .58 3. 7. 3.81 2.97 5.55 4. 1. 3.36 3.37 2. 2. 2. 8.98 1. 1.329 04 200 46 521 19 400 92 2, 182 99 200 46 200 46 994 28 1.703 90 3.922 98 116 26 601 38 1.403 22 763 75 595 36 1.112 55 801 84 200 46 673 54 675 55 400 92 400 92 400 92 1,800 13 200 46 20.35 2,728 37 4.85 2. 3.98 1. 1,143 92 471 72 3.43 761 13 938 72 235 86 26 87 3,677 12 1. 1. 1. 221 91 221 91 221 91 17.73 2,377 11 1. 235 86 9. 2, 122 74 1. 221 91 1. 10.10 235 86 2.74 .67 .91 608 02 148 68 201 93 2.379 82 30 24 4,054 35 4.59 .92 1.082 59 11.85 1,688 76 2.741 78 217 00 20 45 1. 221 91 8.08 1.105 73 38.59 5,173 86 3.585 10 1. 221 91 1. .63 .26 1. 5.60 1.57 235 86 26 74 146 23 85.74 11,733 38 2. 443 81 61 32 19 19 2,572 85 235 86 .71 157 55 1.318 45 370 30 43.84 5,877 73 1. 221 91 5. 1.002 30 1.27 297 18 12.58 1,721 55 111 03 14,866 07 6.16 1.83 1.366 93 406 08 13.81 3.92 4.52 6.08 2. 2. 2. 1.82 2.99 5.87 3. 10. 2.56 4. 8.74 2.768 34 785 80 906 07 1.218 79 400 92 400 92 400 92 364 83 599 37 1.176 70 601 38 2.004 59 513 17 801 84 1,752 01 2.90 683 99 39.79 5.334 74 4.62 1,025 20 1.98 464 64 19 97 2,677 43 42.28 5.785 95 27.74 3,719 17 3.839 84 4,189 77 28.64 1. 221 91 1.01 235 86 31.25 54.09 7,402 12 2. 2.79 443 81 619 11 2. 2. 1.95 3.27 471 72 471 72 26.04 3.491 25 459 92 3.03 1. 672 37 221 91 771 26 1,102.49 $147,813 61 637.71 $87,269 55 161.63 $35,866 45 524.73 $105,186 93 222.70 $52,526 17 182 Table XXVI— Counties. Asylum for Soldiers' Feeble-Minded \ and Sailors' Children. 1 Home. Av.No. Cost. Av.No Cost. 11. 3. 5.65 3. 3. • 5.48 $1,609 63 411 69 775 36 411 e*- 411 69 752 03 181.78 3.27 6.08 .52 13. 16.27 7. 5.13 7.84 10.99 12. 6.72 4. 7.80 16. 154.43 .96 2.02 6.01 9.27 $22. 248 42 400 25 3onil 621 64 63 62 1.690 82 1.990 96 855 59 3.64 7.66 18. 13.48 11.65 4.66 2. 13. 290.06 3 2. 9. 8.35 4. 6. 10. .23 6.56 3.21 6. 3.84 14.37 1.97 4.85 2. 4. 8.39 499 52 1.037 46 2,470 32 1,849 87 1,598 73 625 77 274 46 1.784 12 39,807 84 41) 69 274 46 1,235 16 1. 145 87 548 9b 823 44 1.372 30 31 57 900 23 440 61 S23 44 526 97 1.972 14 270 36 665 61 274 4t 648 92 1.151 44 627 76 958 29 1.344 84 1.468 44 Clark 69» 96 Clay 489 48 954 48 Coles. 1.957 92 18.997 59 117 00 247 28 DeKalb 7:{5 44 DeWitt 1.134 37 .42 2.99 1.02 6.02 3.82 2.02 1.04 37.48 6.03 21. 3. 3.28 33.74 3.72 6.27 16. 2.72 19.87 51 39 Edtjar . 365 88 124 82 736 66 466 45 Ford 247 28 11:7 26 Fulton. 4.576 42 615 52 2,669 77 3*6 22 400 37 4,117 75 Hardin 454 22 2.74 3.87 3. 12.76 3.96 4. 3.78 1.87 23.76 9.96 1. 16. 6. 12.37 6. 8. 10. 18.21 5.59 9.37 16.97 11.78 7. 8.48 2. 7. 6.R4 27.57 3. 5. 1.59 6.48 12.21 3. 6. 18.17 3. 376 01 531 OS 411 69 1.751 05 543 43 548 9: 518 73 904 35 256 62 3,260 5!J 1,366 81 137 23 2. 195 «■ 686 15 1.697 54 686 IG 1.097 84 1.372 .-JC 2,498 9t 1.178 81 1.285 R'^ 2.828 7S 1.616 5' 960 61 1.163 71 274.46 960 61 938 65 3.783 4^ 411 6^ 6«6 15 218 2C 889 25 1.675 5»^ 411 6£ 686 1£ 2, 494 O; 767 26 1.957 92 332 84 2. 436 48 Jefferson 6.27 21. 10.82 4.30 16.28 3.15 3.97 35.48 3.02 11.27 .19 13.27 10.82 28. 16.82 19.84 84.22 4. 04 4.04 4.34 4.08 12.37 7.82 84.12 5. 10 07 10.08 16. 22 30.56 6.62 5. 73.83 644 89 2.569 77 1.324 03 526 09 1.992 27 384 46 Kendall 484 82 4.331 68 3G8 55 1.379 02 23 25 1.622 85 1.224 03 3. 426 36 2.058 26 2.427 82 10.326 00 494 37 MarKhall 494 37 530 98 499 27 1.513 62 956 93 4.165 26 611 85 1.232 26 1.233 49 1.984 84 3.728 3S 687 72 Ogle 611 85 9.034 67 Perry 411 69' 7.92 859 04 Continued. 183 Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Soldiers' Widows' Home. Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. State Training School for Uirls. Total. Av. No. Cost. A.V.NO. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Cost. 13. $2,243 60 .84 2.33 .09 .18 .07 1.75 $ 189 59 525 88 20 31 40 63 15 80 394 98 .55 2.68 S 100 38 489 12 311.63 54.80 32.29 30.00 40.68 101.74 21.92 37.83 54.04 114.99 81.04 55.08 42.60 44.66 87.16 3,104.95 40.40 36.08 65.74 61.63 39.75 46.62 60.77 11.28 52.05 60.03 45.33 38.76 142.54 26.16 67.53 40.65 41.19 98.32 15.51 26.44 96.41 57.99 100.19 51.07 61.99 57.75 64.46 34.56 161.89 83.67 25.65 139.29 55.33 158.96 37.85 69.77 85.73 103.09 116.44 109 40 200 17 78.19 31.64 51.22 28.01 79.62 68.80 193.69 27.94 44.36 34.99 79.14 119.74 34.62 56.78 233.75 52.63 $ 40,971 42 8.268 33 4,485 63 4,552 41 6. 862 92 345 17 5,431 98 2. 14,405 21 3,017 24 .13 .69 1.68 .02 .92 1.18 .47 1.26 56 11 1.17 .49 .24 .72 .22 .15 .91 .58 1.25 1.74 .04 2.31 .24 .13 .58 .97 1.57 29 34 155 73 379 18 4 52 207 65 266 33 106 08 284 38 12,664 03 264 07 110 60 54 17 162 51 49 66 33 86 205 39 130 91 282 13 392 72 9 03 621 37 64 17 29 34 130 91 218 93 354 36 5,454 19 8. 1. 380 68 862 92 862 92 517 75 172 58 345 17 7,488 31 5. 5. .01 $ 2 06 .88 160 60 18.072 05 11.655 93 3. 8,672 89 1. ........ 6,394 41 2. 6,268 06 2.49 90.75 454 44 16.561 93 13,143 15 35. i. 6.6i6 45 690 34 862 92 517 75 517 75 172 58 172 58 172 58 21.21 4,366 23 483.331 21 5,693 76 5. 6,187 13 3. .90 185 27 9.882 39 3. 7. 172 66 1. .17 31 02 6,061 64 1. 6.932 05 1. 1. 182 61 9,423 96 1,655 67 1. 172 58 1,553 26 1,035 51 .04 7 30 7,428 39 9. 8,488 70 6" 7,085 91 5,920 66 7. 1,208 09 .34 69 99 .98 178 85 20.032 62 3,594 57 2. 345 17 .11 20 07 9,211 33 6, 139 24 3. 517 75 172 58 6,220 29 1. 13, 168 20 .74 .09 .37 .50 1.32 2.38 1.30 .74 .22 .46 1.71 .54 .35 .61 .31 1.92 2.42 .04 .68 .81 .47 .37 .69 1.91 .69 .14 .27 .74 .46 .61 .19 .21 167 02 20 32 83 51 112 85 297 93 537 17 293 41 167 02 49 66 101 57 385 95 121 88 79 00 137 68 69 97 433 35 546 20 9 03 153 48 182 82 106 08 83 51 155 73 431 09 155 74 31 60 60 94 167 02 103 82 115 11 42 89 47 40 2,364 34 3, 530 33 1. 172 68 690 34 1,553 26 2.761 35 345 17 345 17 13,347 39 4. 8,811 46 9. 2,57 469 05 14,754 72 16. 8,067 74 2. 2.14 3.14 2.34 390 57 573 08 427 07 9,060 03 2. 8.C03 48 9.262 64 3. 517 76 345 17 172 58 4,681 44 2. 1. 1.78 366 41 6.78 1.237 41 24.723 02 13. 164 25 .24 4.04 .76 43 80 737 34 138 70 3.789 15 8. 1.380 68 19, 659 24 8.396 28 1. .03 1. 205 85 6 18 205 85 24,948 25 3. 517 75 5,410 91 10,110 44 2. 345 17 2,416 18 2.243 60 172 58 172 58 862 92 13,209 96 14. .10 2. 20 59 411 70 14,823 10 13. 17,311 16 1. 1. .66 182 51 120 45 15,602 84 1. 5. .03 6 18 27,235 03 11,535 96 4.225 89 4. 690 34 7.455 16 3,763 50 6. 1.035 51 1.10 200 76 11.481 78 8,616 06 11. 1,898 43 2.90 .13 529 27 23 72 27.711 54 3,830 04 6.065 30 5,280 85 1. 172 58 1.41 318 24 1. 182 51 11,30* 13 .92 .36 189 38 74 11 18, 766 31 5, 113 43 2. 345 17 1,208 09 S90 34 .09 1.01 2.66 20 31 227 96 600 36 8,395 47 7. 4. 3.88 798 70 8.i7 1.79 1,491 10 326 69 33. 143 51 7,854 90 184 Table XXVI— Counties. Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children. Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Av.No. Cost. Ay.No. Cost. Piatt 5.48 7.96 2. 1. $ 752 03 3.15i 1 384 46 Pike 1.091: 35 19.56, 274 46 2.02, 137 23 5 1 2,393 55 247 19 Pulat.kl 611 85 2.02 10 49 247 29 Rani).)lph 4.17 4. 8.84 2. 24. 4. 67 572 25 1.283 65 548 92 2.60 1.213 11 19.04. 274 46 4 24 3.293 52 79.59 627 14 9.37 317 79 2.329 92 518 80 9.739 43 1,146 50 Scott 6.16 6 16 753 80 Shelby 2.87 3.29 20.76 6.48 9.65 6.48 13. 3. 2. 4. 6.48 4.97 6. 16.17 7.49 11. 10.76 393 85 753 80 Stark 451 49! 1.93 603 27 St. Clair 2.848 90 889 25 1.324 27 889 25 1. 783 99 411 69 274 46 548 92 752 03 682 03 686 15 2.081 78 1.027 85 1.509 53 1.476 59 70. , 10.12; 21.23! 8.14 7.63 8.595 90 1.238 87 2,597 90 996 09 Vermilion 921 43 WabaHh 11.64 5.34 1.07; 5.06 17.83] 22. 1 s.oe: 9.17, 1.424 38 653 35 130 93 619 29 Whiteside 2, 181 84 2, 692 24 Williamson 619 19 1.122 22 Woodford 687 72 1,003.19 $137,672 16 1.634.59 $187,783 74 Continued. 185 Soldiers' Orpnans' Home. Soldiers' Widows' Home. Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. State Training School for Girls. Total. Av. No. Coat. Av.No. Cost. Av.No. Coat. Av.No, Cost. Av.No. Cost. 4. $ 690 34 690 31 690 34 .79 .64 1.05 .15 $178 31 144 45 236 99 33 86 43.68 87.83 25.15 32.71 13.57 58.27 43.22 127.38 32.06 241.13 47.12 28.35 63.73 21.04 237.42 69.47 82.26 78.55 134.25 30.71 67.48 42.00 44.52 55.41 83.18 150, 41 49.14 96.37 55.32 7.91 $ 6. 270 33 4. 12,800 84 4. 4,056 58 2. $411 70 1.75 $ 319 39 4,678 18 1. 172 58 2,199 14 .09 .36 ■ 46 1.84 .72 20 3i 81 25 103 82 415 29 162 51 8,183 39 5. 862 93 517 75 345 17 2,761 35 690 34 862 93 345 17 .49 .31 89.42 56 57 6,184 35 3. 2. .92 189 38 17.505 33 4,763 35 16. 4. 1. 1.83 205 85 376 71 4.43 808 51 33.610 76 6,628 54 5. .25 .68 56 43 153 48 3.807 76 2. 1.37 250 03 9.295 46 2,776 31 10. 1.725 84 !: 1. 205 85 205 85 205 85 .59 .36 1.13 2.42 2.80 .59 i33 i7 81 25 255 04 546 20 631 96 133 17 1.99 .96 363.19 175 20 33,578 18 10.249 12 8. 517 75 2.761 36 862 92 862 92 1.208 09 345 17 517 75 1.208 09 11,276 07 16. 11, 746 43 6. 13.69 .05 2.498 56 9 12 21, 127 47 6. 4.495 25 7. .92 189 38 9,283 18 2. .84 1.81 2.18 .16 2.56 2.56 .92 .01 189 59 408 52 492 03 36 11 577 80 577 80 207 65 2 26 5,821 03 3. 6,706 21 7. 8,367 91 .04 2.14 8 23 440 52 11,831 36 2. 4. 345 17 690 34 .65 118 63 23,214 88 7,379 52 .27 55 58 4.99 910 72 14,737 88 8.235 42 1, 059 04 362. $62,475 53 45.68 $9,403 40 136.31 $30,763 42 169.09 $30,859 59 10448.11 $1,548,444 68 186 ^ o e CO > M M u •J CQ •< 9 *— £ «tiJ2 •" ® ~ I- a o e3 a GO ■M ^ 5^ fl a til «- a-- — Z 2 §r r^ m I- c- run o o > o o ri r^ n re X ^ O ffl -^ t-^ P* -^ lO o dookamSoo S3;: too ro30 30 -< oaC3Cio>r-r-r--or^ioomoooar) O •■ • -^ « ?r; »n t- iO jc c ' C0 3d<-30X ■• SI M ^ hs «) *# > o o ac irt or '^ n ^- 35 n -- cs ro M C'l ;o M o ggoggogooggggoogogg ^Dacto^ioc-oix — r^Mr-'»3^roxi — OSS' ^^ ^-ji^ ec^ -H r-.00 ggggggggggggggggggg f^OQOOOOQOOOOOOOOOO IN ^ ^ CM ^ *-l ^ 8 gr-^irooaie-*30'X>riM300000(0 cr^T>*o^3oraor-re'^-*u*, o®"3^ OMCOCO'*0*0«-.c i: ® « B a "2 . i_ " 08 D 187 T3 d o O ^ ^ 05 ■" ® « ^: eS-rt ea tl - B5 O ti fe a) M ^1 P O) CS .2233 o *-W^ S 5§ Wt^FHt-C50 — CI -ocio»*-^ — mo — 05C0 oc n c^i c- ^^ rj 00 c^i •* ro c^i :o w M ' . ,-ieccoto t-cM wO oooooooo OC-OOOOOU3 o?3io^"omiftco a Oi 00 ir> it CO CO OD CO »-< M T1 r-c ooooo ooooko oo^»xiooa>0500inOTHoovft moot .-•ooc C3iO 300 ^ I in o cj th o T-i c^ O M Cvj !M t-( rH CO C^ Oi -^ COCO miao^ 0Or1»-t*t-iooo»oio»n^^ooooiooinco O lOOJ 30^3 ^!tO:OCO COO lOOmiO-^ 050 05 oaoc^o-HasmMious^asoMw^oom C3 405DX)CO^C^»-'t-iO'«>«C*C3— — «COOiOiO 0»-'*OMC^1COWCO^HC^W OSSOrHWCO CO C3 tn knoo o *-< OJ lo ao coc^ coe>i'*cooiooiiiiooo m3000***«o — inroi^— « c^**t^o^-«ioaococa^ Of-^N t* CO CO ooooomodcD O^O^flOOiOiC- XlOiOM^'-'HM lO ;r)Oi — c^icgt-co rjcooocoio ooc- oc-coioineoo o^<^cooooom »o oo t- eq ^ CO 00 M t- in cvi t- «* Odcotn o ^1 co.« "C q oocoiOT-iooiaoocncoa^ ^OOt^05COCOlrtCDCOIO ^OSCOOCOC^I'^'-^COCS^H =« s * O * ft « yj3 DC cs ^ "os'S — • m ■ o S r-, S aj «• • ,— ; ® s i- 3-"'i2 : a a «"w . •" . a 00 „_« OS 3 •^, f! a K "^ o .3 * r fl ■ J >--s i; h a> o 5 188 t ^-^ ^ . "w "jj V. ~ S-g ^ a S ~ s: 5 o iC; CO CO ^3 g CO ^'^ i ^ CO « p <^ « S S «o — * .o w is r^ -S -' S S-H Tot&l. State Training: School for Girls Charitable Eye and Ear In- firmary Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home Soldiers' Or- phans' Home.. Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Asylum for Peeble-Mlnded. )*4MO) ^49) ^gokQc^i ntooo 3ntn-^MiO nc^ c^o iDStltntion for the Blind Institution for the Deiif and Dumb Asylum for In- sane Criminals Asylum for In- curable Insane. Western Insane Hospital Southern Insane Hospital Central Insane Hospital Eastern Insane Hospital — Northern Insane Hospital •I 'CM •• ^t-iioM .^ao »t»t-« >H<^C4tH 00 »-i .-Hoo»H ^ . . ^eo ^ ^^,-1^ PI »« P)^ •<-■ p) •HaQ.< 3 o a> ■"a I- --3 « •- a) u-o 6r« bi-o o o _ 3 •^ O »j ft"" 3 n«— " c 3 w «-» 0) a QQ0023 "2 *ai- .W B OS « >> o iS5 i|l . jj ij fci ■"32* 3 o a a 09 ja u 0) 189 eMO«0>C0>-l CON NC4C4 CO »H t- loeot- -H^ N Ti o> fH 00 to 00 N CO Nr-I rl «OI>M • xH <-< 00 a .CO t-ItH lO N O »-i a> -v ,-> N r-( »-< .H »H t-l 00 .•« NN »H to lO to fi »-H-IOJ N Ti to O <-c »-l to T-lT-HI »H«-. oo t- o rt to CO rt CM T-li-l^~l • M »-li-i eo e>)»H»* .»-iN T-" O NiHN e«i> to rH to OO rfrllXieO -J-l 'tH CO to •» MrH to CO»1r1» • to Tito »- is G- > o £ o s a g Hj ft :^a : 2 DO ^ -02 tr; So iHiX^r-l O N rJ n . a -w ;f i5 ^cc-sy : « tn! 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Male... toit .i-iiao3Mcoia«Mm«74;oasMN^ ■ C4 lo oo •h c^ .^t-aormaovNvN o> . <-■ <-■ ;o -N .:4 •H<-I>H .N W ■ ■ m c^ N^ S«' la .o>iou9ia«oiacooiStHOcoc>c^ • ee t> m «o c4 «* go le >iacooiStHO a a-oS§ = OS <9 flj*^ TT OS ^ i-i ' If — .-CC Ml. a * _ T. g CO— * 5 = o o 191 t- U5 00 to rH rt rH «• -COOSNi-l^* . 00 N lO »-"t£>N«ONt-u5^a»^^< •«ac>tnu>c-<-io« .t-o» -Tit-Neo -o NOOT^iOikoiH^ -tvt-odC^itAusaoo 'Cot* S?Q^co^3>noc^tno>aoo>m-•co^ooa9C4lOC^]ao>omN^• eO eO S-"t-t-t-tet-^"*«o T-tN C>lrH iH coco t-i CO C^l oc-mcsioO'«i'TiiiO"S'ir>c-t-t-t»^^— iocococo^ • 00 00 to t- to •x 00 CO CO 00 M N eti-i CO 4CAu3T]i^co;o>at^o»>aco03>Hr-oO'^>oou30>oO'HoOQOota^u3^ oocooo CO lo eo ;m CO so c^ rH T-l cm cq x r-i cm ri m tx coo »-ieo N >-ICO>-l -COl-l • -^-l • •«-! .-( -co -co otecMTiT-iocoevitot-T-i CM-^CMNtH lOlO»-t-^ mOOOr-CMO>C-t-e-OOtOri' CO »— t CO C(t M r^CO »HCO-H •- a CM«* ^^C0OI>rHC0C0»H*HC0t*l:*t*10t«^Ot tHCM Cq «H 9]C4 iH o »-< CO 00 ^ OS 00 •-« o> ■« CO c- c- to lo CO OS T-l t~ • CM cvi e4 r> rH eq o CO CM 1-1 ••-< COi-(CM iH tH iHrt TlCM^iH -.-leM CO »HCO CO lo ?4 la «« CO lO •coi~:o«^>-icooocMOs ooot-^'HCMtooooto^cMwtot— i-icocoviirma^oototocoooaoacoi-ius «CS|^ iH CM CM tH 1H C^* 1-4 T-t iH CM tI lO i^ »-l CM ^H lO iH CM i^ 192 193 z DD 02 O a; s b O C »C C4 '««Oi-< us N H Z o 5 ■4 Female. Male... CM eo " " CO " r-l lO ■w eo ■>* t- N r- ri .* e^N • CO . §5§ Female. Male.... la »-( eg to . oXfe Female. N CO 55 Male.... rH lO •* COiHt-tO^COlOC-lQ «#10Nt-0^ NN ; 00 z D O £ < » 1- -2 a 3 a a * -13 C 194 ^3 © 3 O O H « H s M O a s h O !E O 5 D S a> ■> •o »J O IN8AVE AWAITINO ADMISSION TO HOSPITALS. Female. Male.... s C CD s Female. Male.... n H O Female. Male.... cot" Female. Male.... N - -: Female. Male.... CO OQ Female. N Male.... 93 00^ COP) « c- f»H '" •• Female. N N Male.... C> CO A th N ii NCOCOj-J <-o «X)«'«ioex>n«io<»>a'<>H H n H Qu 0) M M is o CO s 04 •< O Female. "•I " N»N «-ir^r^ *^ Male.... ooeoojwMN NSDt-N -co^^gt- 0DQ0'-'»«-'0»C4»OlOtClONM N ».^ rs N t£»H 5sS Female. Male.... e>3 SO Female. ^ «H PJrt ... . Male.... 00 COO) CONN N;ot>N •.HCO'^^Ot" aoao^'wcoo>i04a< H C e ja o a; c c: « cS c ce a n H O a H o a a J 01 C o V c « en o -3 a o o ee c "E P o u c c © -a ei a o m eS I3 195 tH'^ -gt -^ •t-lONrHN -tH • rH ■ CM SO -CO • i i-c NOD -lo^-c^ •eoiOT-i • eo M r-( C0 1" "I -i-i • «o ^ to T-( iH t- •egeoON-w • lH • 'W ♦^ • • W 'CO tS W jt- ."-leo" ..Hi-I . .CO • • •ejr-lrHSO Coe PROCEEDINGS OF THE ILLINOIS CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AT LINCOLN, OCTOBER 23-24, 1901. President, T. D. Hurley. Chicago; First Vice-President, W. R. Jewell, Danville; Second Vice-President, Mrs. H. M. ScHWEPPE, Alton; Secretary, Mrs. Henry T. Rainey, Carrollton. First Day — Wednsday, October 23. The sixth annual meeting of the Illinois Conference of Charities was called to order at 2:80 p. m. in the M. E. church at Lincoln by Doctor L. L. Leeds, chairman of the local committee, The session was opened with prayer by the Reverend A. C. Byerly, after which Honorable L. B. Stringer was introduced and delivered the following welcoming address: Address of Welcome. [By Honorable L. B. Stringer, Lincoln.] Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen— On behalf of the committee on arranerements; on behalf of those in official station; on behalf of nearly 10,000 people who make Lincoln their home, it becomes my pleasure to extend to all who attend thi.s conference a royal and loyal welcome. In doing so, far be it from me to unduly extol our quiet city or exa^gferate its importance. It is no ffreat metropolis, with its arteries ramifying vast stretches of country. It is not a commercial center toward which the eyes of the world are set. No song or story has embalmed its name in verse or prose; no renowned states- man or famous warrior has called it home and no national act of heroism, incident to its individual life, has emblazoned its' name in the archives of fame. In this magnificent commonwealth, from all quarters of which you hail, it plays no part or function so great that its omission would either interfere with the serenity of passing events or disturb the concert of the mighty chorus of a state's unparalleled gi'owth. And yet, while this be true, it IS our home, and we love it. The birds that whirl above our heads sing more sweetly to us than all the feathered tribe; the trees that line our streets, now gilded and browned by the deft lingers of autumn frosts, are more stately to us than those that grow in Roman bowers; the creeks that hem us in, mud-lined though their banks may be, are more attractive far than the laugh- ing rivulets of Alpiue slopes that pour their silver sheen in gemmed cascades o'er jaspered glens, more important to our lives than the streams of a conti- nent, fed by mountain snows, draining the summits of the planet, that with roar and dash and fury roll their billows to the sea. The lonely grandeur of our prairies, horizon-fenced on every side, the boundless oceans of billowy corn that surround us, these dwarf into nothingness their jeweled lakes and mighty streams, eclipse the wonders of the Arabian Nights and defy the poet's pen or artist's brush to depict their glory. Others may boast of orighter climes, of warmer suns and fairer flowers, but nowhere is the soil 197 more fertile and rich than here, and nowhere are nature's resources more abounding. The late Governor Oglesby, whose sepulchred remains now sanctify the soil of this county, was wont to say that he had traveled the habitable globe over, had explored the valley of the Ganges and the valley of the Nile, but nowhere had nature been so bountiful in gift of soil and season as in this county he loved so well. Not once, nor twice, but years successive to each other, the State Board of Agriculture, in its measurement of bushels to acre, as the greatest corn-producing county in the State, has officially awarded to this county the palm. I welcome you, then, to this heart of Eden. For here you can smell the perfume of verdure that fills the air. Here you can count the heart-beats of nature as they measure the seed-time and harvest. Here you can reach out your hand and fairly clutch the gold that the sun rains down with his beams as he takes his daily journey between the cornfields and meadows, the highlands of wood and the lowlands of clover. Here shines the brightest jewel that adorns the golden clasp of the corn belt of the world. I welcome you to Lincoln as a historic city. Here was the home and resi- dence of an Oglesby for many a year, and here in this county his remains now rest upon the summit of a hill which marks the first settlement of white men in this section at the dawn of the century just passed and gone. Here that child of the elemental, the concentrated spirit of the unpurpled people, Abraham Lincoln, lived and moved and had his being. Here in this county he received his nomination for Congress. Yonder, to the right of us, stands an ancient court house where he gained the title of "Honest Old Abe," and yonder, to the left of us, stands another court house, not so old, that rang with his measured eloquence. A little over half a century ago, before the city of Lincoln was on the map, shortly after the Chicago and Alton's com- mercial artery had been laid through the heart of the State, Colonel Latham laid out a town, but it was then nameless. To render his plans successful it was necessary that it should become the county seat. Standing beside him one day was an impecunious lawyer, of local influence and reputation, it is true, but unknown save in the legal circuit which he traveled for a livelihood. To him Colonel Latham said, "Help me get the county seat to this new town and I will name it for you." The lawyer accepted the contract, the town was named and chartered, the county seat secured, and the lawyer, too poor to buy, was given a lot in the new city, and even to this day that lot is listed in the names of his heirs. That town was Lincoln. This is the story of its birth, and that lawyer, then unknown to fame, later became President of the United States, the emancipator of a race and the friend of freedom over the whole planet. Other towns dotted over this broad land have been called for Lincoln since he rose to greatness, and the name has honored the town; this little city in which your deliberations are to be held was named for him in his days of penury, in his partial obscurity, and the true and perfect title to the name we claim as against all compeers. Others may boast of Lincoln, the hero, the President, the martyr, but to us belongs "the Lincoln of the black loam," as "Winston Churchill puts it in his "Crisis"— the Lincoln who built his neigh- bor's cabin and hoed his neighbor's corn, followed a rough justice round a rough circuit, tended the bedside of many a sick coward who feared the judgment — the same physician who was one day to tend the sickbed of the nation in her agony, whose large hand was to be on her feeble pulse and whose knowledge, almost divine, was to perform the miracle of her healing. I welcome you to Lincoln as a progressive city. Not the progress of the boom which artificially stimulates for awhile but reacts in depression, but the progress of slow, substantial and steady growth. I welcome you to Lin- coln as a charitable city. Not so much in the charity of our individual citi- zens, in our hospitals or in our deeds, but the charity of the State reflected in the institutions centered around and among us. We welome you to our home for the orphaned and fatherless, a perpetual and gracious monument to fraternal solicitude and love, where today more than 150 bright boys and girls who otherwise would perhaps have fallen into pitfalls of vice and error, are being trained for usefulness and blessedness in life. We welcome you to our institution for the children of feeble mind, now growing to large propor- 198 portions, destined when complete to bo the (greatest of its kind in the world, and made so, as we realize and appreciate full well, lar^'ely by your eflorts, vour encouragement and your good will. It is for your kindly oflSces in be- half of this cnarity that we especially welcome you today, as special friends of our special pride. Your fame has preceded you, and wr trust that your work will continue to greater success and greater achievements. Your work is an inspired one and heaven-descended. We trust that your stay with us will be both pleasant and profitable, that you will remember us when you are gone, and that when in the future you loot into the kaleidescope of memory you will note brighter bits of color than those which the shadows of this visit shall cast upon the glass. We say to vou as the old Indian said to Marquette when he was exploring the region of the northern lakes: '* I thank thee. Frenchman, for taking such pains to come and visit us. Never has the earth been so beautiful, nor the sun so bright as today. Never has our river been so calm or free from rocks, which your canoes have removed as they passed. Never has our tobacco had so fine a flavor. Never has our corn appeared so beautiful as you behold it today. Thou knowest the Great Spirit, who has made it all. Thou speakest to him and hearest his words. Ask him to give us all life and health and come thou and dwell with us again." Dr. Leeds — I have the honor to introduce to you the president of the IState Board of Charities, the Honorable Wm. Jayne of Spring- field, who will respond to the address of welcome. Response to Address of Wedcome. [By Doctor Wm. Jayne, President State Board of Charities.] On behalf of the members of this conference here assembled, and also for the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities, I take pleasure in re- turning our sincere thanks to the honorable gentleman who has just addressed us, for the cordial words of welcome which he has extended to this confer- ence. I also wish to add that we all appreciate the kindness and gracious courtesy with which the members of this conference have been welcomed by the citizens of this beautiful and prosperous city. We are mostly voluntary delegates to a conference which is without legal or statutory power; we are only potent through public sentiment — public opinion. The representatives of the people of the legislature are willing, yes, anxious, to enact laws in compliance with the will of the people when duly expressed. It is our duty to carefully consider and formulate what requirements are best for the poor, unfortunate, helpless, delinquent classes of the State. Some can be rescued, educated, elevated; some must be provided for, humanely cared for at publio expense. Different phases of public charities will be here discussed by men and women who have for years given warmth of affection and energy of brain to the elucidation of these vexed social problems. It is within the memory of men still living, when this grand commonwealth was a frontier territory, on the verge of civilization, with a sparse population scattered over the extreme southern part of the territory. The capital, Old Kaskaskia, was then a place of importance, the center of population, trade and political opinion and influence. There tht^ gay French pioneer paddled his light canoe upon the placid water of the Kaskaskia, happy and content. Now, how changed. The territory is now third in population, first of all the states in material wealth, boundless in internal resources, in field, mine and factory. We are proud of our great city on the lake and our brave men and beautiful women who adorn our homes of comfort and independence. Our past is secure. In peace and in war the names of the great men and women are impressed with honor on every page of the history of statehood of Illinois. But we must not rest on the pride of the past. What concerns us as a conference is the present and future; not what has been, but what is to be. 199 The charitable institutions of the State we must think of. Institutions, like individuals and states, cannot stand still; they must advance or decline. Let us see that these institutions keep pace with the increase of population and material wealth of Illinois. We take a just pride in their creditable condi- tion, but let us strive to make their condition still more creditable. The members of this conference gather here for no selfish purpose; it is not the pride of sect, church, fraternity or political party; we seek no office, no trust advantage or money profit; we labor with benevolent, beniflcent intentions for the comfort and happiness of the poor, unfortunate, delinquent classes of our people. We come not in the beautiful spring time of life for pleasure and recreation, to gather buds and flowers. We come here for a purpose, in thoughtful and mature years, in the ardent summer and sober autumn of life, realizing in all its fullness that life should be active and earn- est — doing for the helpless classes what in the mysterious ways of Providence they cannot do for themselves. Doctor Leeds — It is a very pleasant duty which has devolved upon me to introduce to you the honorable T. D. Hurley, president of the Illinois Conference of Charities, who will now address you. President's Address. Ladies and Gentlemen: — As president, and on behalf of the conference permit me to sincerely thank the citizens of Lincoln, and especially the committees that have arranged for the entertainment and pleasure of the members of the conference. The members of the conference appreciate fully the great labor entailed on the local committees and are very thankful for the interest manifested by them to make this meeting a success. All persons interested in this work, and those who have so generously contributed their time and labor to the conference have the satisfaction of knowing that they have contributed to one of the most important and worthy causes that is now interesting the people of the State. The work of the conference is of paramount importance to the entire peo- ple. Especially is this so at the present time. We are gradually perfecting a system of preventive work which when completed will be a model for all sister states to follow. With the establishment and maintenance of our State Home for Delinquent Boys, Illinois will be in practically a perfect condition so far as the institutional care of dependent, neglected and delinquent chil- dren is concerned. This condition of affairs must certainly be very satisfac- tory to every thoughtful person. One thing more is required, that is. State visitation of foster homes. Illinois is committed to the plan of homeplacing. While recognizing the necessity and need of institutions, nevertheless the State insists that this in- stitutional care should be temporary, that no child should spend its child- hood daj's in an institution no matter how well conducted and well regulated it may be. Homeplacing, however, entails a great deal of labor and expense, in many cases more than the particular society engaged in such work is able to furnish. This work, unless well conducted, is fraught with many evils, and is injurious to children thus placed. It were better that the child were allowed to remain in the institution under the kind and gentle treatment that is usually accorded to such children, than to be placed in homes and become slaves, or the ob- jects of brutality in their new homes. Certainly no foster parent will claim any right to the free services and free labor of another's child, hence, no rights being established, it is only necessary to start promptly in the first in- stance in placing children, and then insist on constant supervision thereafter. Our State is in a unique condition to take up this work. It has recognized from the beginning the great good performed by private societies and insti- tutions and has encouraged them in their work. 200 Like all other questions pertaining to child life in our State it is not nec- essary, and will not be necessars' to establish new and drastic laws that may be cumbersome and expensive; all that is necessary is to require societies and institutions placinpr children to visit each ward yearly and make a report to the State Board of Charities. These reports should be specific enough so as to satisfy the ordinary person that such visits are made, and proper super- vision taken of the child. Where the particular society is unable to visit its wards, let the names and addresses be sent to the State Board of Charities, and have personal visits made by representatives of the Board. As will be seen a few thousand dollars is all that is needed yearly for this work. In this way it will not be necessary to establish a State Board of Guardians, nor a local salaried committee, nor in any way interfere with the private societies. Each state in enacting new laws must be governed by local conditions, hence, in considering the question of State visitation of children, we must take into account the conditions that prevail in our State, our industrial and manual training schools, our childsaviug institutions, and our homeplacing societies, while governed by private individuals under State charters, have nevertheless been made practically quasi public institutions. Each of these separate bodies has been accorded the right under our law to legally take the charge and custody of children and subsequently place them in homes, all of this work being done practically without expense to the State. The question as to whether or not this is the better plan to pursue is not for us to consider. The fact is that these conditions prevail. It would be a herculean task, if not an impossibility, to change these conditions and allow the State to have charge and entire supervision of children. In my opinion we should encourage all of these societies. The State should simply supplement whatever is lacking in the work. The societies and in- stitutions should be required, however, to fully perform all work undertaken by them, not only t« properly care for and educate the child while under their charge, but to carefully and conscientiously place them in good homes, and subsequently visit their wards until they arrive at legal age. The question of dependent, neglected and delinquent children is not the only one, however, for this conference to consider. The epileptic children, proper management of State charitable institutions, out door relief, and the treatment generally of the wards of the State should be considered from time to time. As a rule it is such bodies as this conference that really compel the enforcement of laws and make them effective. It is idle and a waste of time to enact laws and then expect the public officials to carry them out. It is public opinion and public opinion alone, that can force the proper enactment of special legislation in its true intent and purpose. It is our mission to en- lighten and educate public opinion. An aroused public, an educated public. a public that understands the wants and needs of a particular class will always see that the laws enacted for their benefit will be enforced. This fact was fully demonstrated at the last session of the legislature. Four amendments were proposed to the children's laws, that is. the State Homo for Delinquent Girls, Industrial School law. State Home for Delinquent Boys, and amendments to the Juvenile Court law. All of these measures were in a backward condition the last week of the legislature. An appeal was made to both the Senate and House for the passage of these bills. The appeal was not in vain; other mutters of grave importance were set aside and each of these separate bills was taken up and passed, all of them* if I recall right, on the last day of the session. This result would never have been accomplished had it not been for the fact that this body had been agi- tating the question, showing the necessity', and proving the want of remedial legislation for children. As the result of this agitation the members of the legislature realized the nocessitv for such laws and consented to their pas- sage, even to the detriment ot their own particular bills. This shows the value of these conferences, and the good tliJit can result from them. It is not necessary to have any platform, any studied program, simply be definite in our ideas, and ask for what is reasonable, what is right. In our discussions and in our remarks let us be temperate, not too critical. Present conditions have existed for years in our State and we must not hope 201 to remedy them on the spur of the moment. We must consider, must plan, must present facts, and not ask for radical changes. If we go on in this way I feel that within a short time we shall have civil service and the merit sys- tem governing all of our charitable institutions. In conclusion, permit me to thank our very efficient secretary and the program committee for their labors in arranging for this meeting. No president has been more fortunately situated with regard to assistants than your humble servant. It can truthfully be said that I have been an honorary officer, and that the real work of preparing for this conference has been done by the secretary and program committee. Inasmuch as we have representatives from all parts of the State who have ideas on the various questions that have come before us, it may be well to adopt the five minute rule, and that each member addressing the chair, should confine his or her remarks to the particular question before the house. As your presiding officer, I shall endeavor to be as lenient as possible, but for the good of the entire session I shall insist that the remarks of each speaker be confined to the particular question before the meeting. In this way I hope to be able to save time and obtain the views of the different representatives on the several questions coming up. It is certainly a pleasure, an honor and a compliment we all appre- ciate in having with us this afternoon Governor Yates. The fact that he is here and is interested in the work of this conference gives us great encouragement in the work in which we are engaged. The Governor has kindly consented to address us this afternoon, and I now take particular pleasure in presenting him to you; he needs no introduction. Address by Governor Yates. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: — It is a great pleasure to listen to the warm words of welcome uttered here today. It is a great pleasure to live in an age when both the citizens and commonwealth are interested in the sacred cause of charity, which "hopeth all things, believeth all things, en- dureth all things." It is especially gratifying to meet such a body of men and women as this, unselfishly devoted to the work of aiding and elevating the unfortunate. I take great pride in being permitted to stand before such a gathering as a representative of the commonwealth of Illinois, because the commonwealth of Illinois has never been behind in this good work and has never taken any backward steps. The charitable institutions of the Ameri- can Union are the fairest flowers of civilization; and the charitable institu- tions of the State of Illinois are, to say the least, not inferior as a whole to those of any state in the union, and are therefore the equal, if not the supe- rior, of any charitable system in the world. Of course, there are those who would detract. There are those who seek to dim the glory of the State's achievements in this field. There always have been such men, and there always will be; but I will put the charitable insti- tutions of Illinois against the world. Their condition, their equipment, their officials, their superintendents and their boards of trustees are; I do not hesi- tate to declare, excellent. Their management is substantially above criti- cism. Quietly, like true charity, thinking no evil and envying not, their trustees and officials, year after year, go about their stupendous and far- reaching work. They do not heed the clamor of partisan attack. They are not disturbed by insinuations as to their fidelity or integrity. Year after year such men and women, many of whom I see among your number here today, devote their time and their energies, without money and without price, to this great labor of love. All insinuations to the effect that the institutions of Illinois are not managed with economy, efficiency and humanity are false. In nine cases out of ten, the,souree of such is a desire to simply tear down and destroy, rather than to 202 build up and encourapre. Pardon me for referring to some alleped statements of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Illinois in this connection, which have been widely published. None of the faithful, tireless, absolutely unselfish men and women composing the State boards of trustees and com- missioners will reply to these statements, but I propose to reply for them, and not let them po undefended. One of these statements, widely committed to newspaper circulation is as follows: "Illinois suffers from a multitude of roviut; boards and special attorneys; once in oflBce, always in office. The State is worse off than Sinbad. He had only one old man of the sea astride his neck; Illinois has half a hundred." The stiifemeut that "Illinois suffers from a multitude of rovinpr boards" is made in one and the same breath with the statement that it suffers from a "multitude of special attorneys." The one statement is as misleading as the other. There are in the State of Illinois only five special attorneys. Five is not a multitude. The five special attorneys, instead of drawing a total compensation, as has been widely and persistently stated, of $200,000 per annum, draw altogether only $0,000, less than was paid to one attorney who now finds fault with the present system, during the four years last past. The words, "multitude of roving boards," constitute anything but a .-.f^nsible and commendable appellation to be applied to the noble and highmiiuled trustees and commissioners of Illinois. Another statement from the same source is that efforts were made at the last session of the Illinois legislature to do away with this multitude of "loy- ing boards, but a stronger and a higher power forbade." I wish to say in answer to this charge, in behalf of the State boards and myself, that a bill was introduced in the last general assembly, providing for a board of control and for a system of competitive civil service examination for admission to the public service in the Illinois institutions. The men who introduced this measure may have been in earnest, but no member of the general assembly ever believed that it was seriously intended to pass this law. It was not my fault that it did not pass, nor yours. I was not the dictator of either house, nor were you. The gavel which advanced or retarded legislation was not in my hands, nor in yours. There is no higher or stronger power than the Speaker's gavel. The bill did not pass because the powers that controlled the legislature which the whole State knew were not under my control, or yours, did not want it to pass. When I found that it was said by the men who were keeping this bill back, that it was being held up in my office, I called a number of them in and told them that I wanted it understood it was my request that the bill be advanced, and I further notified them that if it passed I would sign it and enforce it, in accordance with the pledge which I made prior to my election. I resent all such attempts to make political capi- tal at the expense of our State institutions and the unfortunate wards of the commonwealth. To sow discontent is always to do a harmful thing. To at- tempt to discredit the charitable boards maintained by the State of Illinois, is as unjustifiable as it is unworthy of those who attempt it. I do not mean that there is no room for improvement. On the contrary, I confidently hope Seat improvement to result from this conference and all such conferences as is. I wish you all well in your great and holy labors. If, at any time, the State or any of its authorities can be of service to advance the interests and causes so important and dear to you, I wish to assure you that help and sympathy will not be withheld. I know well that the care of the unfortunate and suffering of this State is a cause near the hearts of this great people. In common with all others, the State officials appreciate the surpassing beauty and the Kuprunie importance of establishing and maintaining real charity. I thank you all, ladies and gentlemen, for the patience and kind attention with which you have listened to me. [Applause.] The first number on tho profi;rnm this afternoon is State Visitation of Children Placed in Homes. The conference is exceedingly fortu- nate in having with us a gentleman who is well posted and thoroughly 203 competent to discuss this question. He comes from a sister state that has been giving this subject a great deal of thought and atten- tion, and has been working along the lines which he will present to you for a number of years. I have the pleasure of introducing to you Honorable Amos W. Butler, secretary of the State Board of Charities of Indiana. Address by Honorable Amos W. Butler. It is indeed a very great pleasure to me to be with you this afternoon, unofficially bearing the greetings of the Indiana State Conference of Chari- ties, which closed its annual session last Friday at South Bend, and also bearing unofficially the greetings of the President of the National Confer- ence of Charities, which will meet in Milwaukee next May. Mr. Nicholson asked me to present his best wishes to the members of this conference and say he hopes very sincerely that Illinois next year, as in the past, will send a large delegation to the Milwaukee meeting. The subject upon which I am asked to speak this afternoon is not a theo- retical one. I do not come to present to you any theory. We had some theories in Indiana years ago on this subject, and found, as the president of this conference has said, that we were confronted by conditions, and I must say that it affords me pleasure to state that a gentleman now sitting in this house — Mr. Ernest Bicknell — is perhaps responsible more than any one else, for the solution of the problem, so far as we have solved it. Mr. Bick- nell earnestly gave this subject his attention for a number of years, and in 1897 was fortunate enough to secure the passage of the bill under which we are operating today. I simply come to you this afternoon to tell you a plain little story of some of the things which have been accomplished under the operation of the Indiana law. State Visitation of Children. In the discussion of State Visitation of Children Placed in Families, we have thought that the experience in Indiana would furnish as good an ex- ample of the advantages of such a course as could be obtained. That we may the better understand the matter, it is well to consider for a moment the In- diana plan of caring for its dependent children, and take a view of the condi- tions existing when the state visiting system was organized. The principle obtains in Indiana that each community shall care for its own poor. In the matter of the care of the outdoor poor, the maintenance is charged against the smallest political division, the township. The expense of indoor poor, including the dependent children's care, however, is made a charge against the next largest division, or the county. To that end, each county is authorized, by statute, to have what is known as a county orphan asylum within its limits, or to join with two or more other counties in the main- tenance of an asylum. This asylum must be wholly distinct from and apart from the county poor asylum, and under an entirely separate management. Its maintenance is provided by the county. To it are sent dependent children under 16 years of age. No child between the ages of 3 and 17 years may be maintained in a poor asylum longer than 60 days. There are three methods of administering these orphan asylums. They are owned either by the coun- ties or by incorporated associations. If owned by the county, the asylum is in charge of an association, incorporated under the voluntary association act; or it is in charge of a matron employed by the board of county commis- sioners. If in charge of an association, the board of commissioners pay said association for the care of such children as may be placed in the home a per diem of 25 cents. If m charge of a matron, she is paid 25 cents per diem, and furnishes everything, or, she is paid a regular salary and the county 204 furnishes everythinfj. Whatever the method of payment for the care of the children, this payment carries with it th« obli^'ation to furnish proper sup- port, clothing, educational advantages, and other training; also to seek out suitable family homes in which the sound children shall be placed, and their welfare while in these homes secured through visits and reports. There are 92 counties in the state and, at the time of the organization of the state agency, there were 44 orphan asylums receiving public wards. Since, some others have been built, and three abandoned. Forty-eight are in existence today. All children supported by taxes, except the feeble-minded and the soldiers' and sailors' orphans, are in these institutions. The law of 1897, authorizing the Board of State Charities to employ state agents, specifies among other things that said agency shall visit the children placed in family homes by the various authorities, and, whenever the said state agent shall find any child so placed that in his opinion is not beine properly treated, it is made his duty, and he is required to remove that child and return it to the association or county to which it belongs. Under the Indiana laws, aside from parents, the following authorities may place children by indenture or adoption: State Institutions — The Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home. The Reform School for Boys. The Industrial School for Girls. County Authorities — The Judge of the Court. The Board of Children's Guardians. The Board of County Commissioners. The Superintendent of the Poor Asylum. The Township Trustee. The Matron of the Orphan Asylum. The Orphans' Home Association. Other Authorities — Incorporated Institutions and Private Individual Enter- prises. All of the above, and perhaps one or two others, are now engaged in plac- ing children in family homes in Indiana. Formerly, outside corporations or associations placed large numbers of children in the state, but while they may still do so under certain restrictions, few outside children are being brought in. The spirit of the law anticipates that the state agency supervise the work of all the above authorities, to the extent of visiting the children placed by them in family homes, and, whenever possible to locate a child placed by any authority, or agents visit it and make reports as to its condi- tion and surroundings, and, if found ill-treated, the steps are taken to correct such ill-usage. In the beginning of our work we found that each association had been in Sractice a law unto itself in the matter of placing and supervising the chil- ren. In rare cases was there any system or order in the work, much less any careful record. Each asylum placed its children where and with whom it pleased and looked after them as it pleased. The laws and bylaws of each association were replete with good and suflScient rules for the conduct of the work, and had these laws been strictly followed the work would have been good. But, as is so often the case, it is easy to make a rule, difficult to fol- low it, especially when there is no one to say that you must. The preliminary investigation of an applicant's fitness to care for a child consisted, as a rule, in securing written recommendations from various parties, frequently from Eublic officials who would give any one voting for their party a testimonial. iCss than six organizations made a practice of actually visiting an applicant before intrusting a child to his care. Less than that number made a regular Eractice of visiting the children after they were placed. While we can not elieve that such was the actual hardhearted fact, it certainly did seem that in the case of some authorities, the idea seemed to be that any sort of a home ■was good enough for a child, and after he was placed in that home, he needed no further attention. There certainly can be too much sentiment and too little business in the placing of children; and, while we believe that the child-saver should be sympathetic, we do not believe that the heart should run away with the head. The business method may appear cold, but, it follows the child up, keeping him constantly in mind, whether he is where he 205 can be seen readily, or where he is not to be seen frequently. There is no question but that the grood people wished to do the rig^ht thing by the child, but their main contention for not looking after them closely has always been lack of time and funds. Then, knowing that they could not look them up properly, why did they accept a responsible position? We can not answer that question. We did find, however, too many evidences of poor work. Faulty records are responsible for the loss of many children. Mrs, Jones comes to the asylum for a child. Her name is registered in that way, no street and number is given, yet a child is entrusted to her care. How is she to be found? We could cite many cases, evidencing the results of careless methods. We will give but two or three. One day a man presented his cre- dentials, consisting of written recommendations, signed by county officials, asked for, selected, and was allowed to take away with him a girl. Three days afterwards a letter reached the association, saying: 'Tou had better come and see where you have placed your girl." The matron went instantly and found the child was with a saloon keeper, whose home was above his saloon, and was also the resort of prostitutes. In another case a man pre- sented himself to the president of the association, giving as references, oral only, prominent citizens known to the president, and was allowed to select and take with him a 13-year-old girl. The president of the association, how- ever, forgot to ask either the man's name or residence, and to this day it is not known what has become of the child. Not a few cases of the giving of fictitious names and residences have been discovered. Much time and money have been spent in trying to locate such parties. With the best of supervis- ion possible, occasionally a child will disappear with its guardian and its whereabouts be unknown for awhile. But, when a party gives his postoffice as Martinsville, and no one can be found at the postoffice or elsewhere in Morgan county who has ever heard of the party, it is pretty good evidence that there is a colored individual in the fuel pile somewhere. In addition to the careless placing, there was an almost total lack of subsequent super- vision, as stated above. Just recently our state agent stumbled upon a ward of one of the associations that had been in her home nine years, and no one had ever called before to see how she was getting along. This recital might be continued indefinitely. We found some good work, a great amount of poor. It is a dark chapter. Let us consider the brighter side in a study of the work under state supervision. In the beginning of the work by the Board of State Charities, the follow- ing rules were laid down to govern the work of placing and supervising children : 1. That no applicant's home should be finally approved till a representa- tive of the board had personally visited it and had a conference with the family. This in addition to the necessary outside inquiries. 2. That no child shall be entrusted to an applicant till his home shall have been so approved. 3. That no child should be allowed to travel alone on the railroads. The custom prevailed of sending a child to his new home in the care of conductors, a tag pinned to his coat. 4. That each child should be so fitted up with clothing as to present a respectable appearance, and have enough to keep him comfortable during the trial period; and that extra clothing should be put in a neat little tele- scope. The idea being that the children should travel in such a manner that they would not be spotted as asylum children. The custom had prevailed that the extra clothing be put in a bundle or a market basket. 5. That every child should be visited once a year anyway, and oftener, if possible. Those placed by the state agency have been visited, with very few exceptions, an average of three times a year. 6. That each guardian should send one written report a year as to the child's condition. Believing that these were good rules for all engaged in placing children to follow, we urged their adoption by all associations by personal interviews 206 in our annual conferences, and in our publications. The state agency con' sistentlv practiced tbeiu from the beginning. Some of the associations adopted these rules at once, to the manifest advantage of the children placed by them. Others, chafing under what they were pleased to denominate as interference with their work, objecting to any sort of supervision, continued to work in the old haphazard way. And, while the state agency was organ- ized April 1, 1897, it is but recently that the last of the associations swung into line and acknowledged that we were right. I quote from a letter re- ceived a short time ago: "Please allow me to thank you for information in a letter addressed to Mrs. W , in regard to the home of Mr. P and wife, near J Ind. It prompted the board to send me to investigate the home, and it did not take me one minute to decide to bring the child home with me. In the future, if we have applications for children from persons we do not know, we will confer with you, or make personal examination our- selves." I might say in passing that this home had been before us three different times, twice in the way of regular investigation and once to remove a child placed by some other association. I think I am safe in saying that no placing agency in the state is today fol- lowing the old plan of putting out its children upon written recommenda- tions only. Not all of them are following out the preliminary visiting plan strictly, but each is insisting upon knowing that the written recommendations tell the truth and are presented by the party for whom they were written. Under the old regime there was a total lack of co-operation between the various agencies. Each association worked for its own little world, wholly ignoring its opportunities for greater good, if only it would join with its fel- lows and work for the interests of all the needy children, instead of the few that were under its immediate control. Petty jealousies existed and sharp criticisms were offered. Rarely would one association take any interest in the work of another with a view to being helpful. The state made an earnest attempt to unite these warring interests, to the end that it as a whole might profit by the labor and experience of each. In this effort we have met with marked success, and today the majority of the agencies are working in har- mony and aiding each other through our office. The following are some o£ the special benefits to be noted: 1. Many applications for children come to an asylum, for which there are no children suitable in that institution. Such applications were formerly placed on file with the expectation that at some future time a child to suit might come in. Frequently they remained permanently in the pigeonhole, no child receiving the benefit of the home. Under the new plan they are sent to our office to be distributed among the asylums having children pres- ent that will suit the applicants. Some local organizations send us as many as 30 such applications a year. 2. The local asylums furnish valuable assistance in the supervision of the children from other asylums placed in their counties. This is possible be- cause of our practice of conferring with them relative to such placements, thus informing them of the locations of the children. Knowing the local asso- ciation, if there is any apparent ill treatment, information is carried to that association by neighbors, and the association in turn informs us. Not infre- quently does information relative to the welfare of the children come to us trom this source. Only the other day word came from an association in the southern part of the state that a family was preparing to move to the far west and take the child with them, which was not particularly objectionable, but added the further information that they were not treating the child prop- erly, and that the child herself did not wish to go with them. This enabled us to checkmate the plans of the family. For more than three years the family had done well by the child. 3. Perhaps as great a benefit to the work as is obtained by this co-opera- tion, is that it makes possible the placement of the children at a distance from their home environment. Some children may be successfully placed in 207 their original surroundings; others need to be taken entirely away from them in order that they may be relieved of the importunities and influence of rela- tives and former acquaintances. Formerly the association was practically, if not theoretically, confined to its own county in the placement of its children; now it has the whole state at its command. We have a statutory provision that an association may keep secret the location of its wards placed in families. The object of this is, of course, to prevent parents or relatives from interfering in the management of the children; a thing most likely to occur, if they know where the child is. Formerly it was thought that it was necessary to take a child to a distant state, in order to avoid this interference. This provision in the statute and the cooperation of the associ- ations with each other through the state agency renders this unnecessary, as a separation of 100 miles from the original surroundings is as effective, ac- cording to experience, as that of 1,000 miles. Besides, it enables us to care for all Indiana's children in Indiana. And, aside from the prevention of interference, there is another, and, perhaps, a greater benefit to be obtained for the child in this distant placement. Old habits must be broken up and a new and healthful mental, moral and physical life must replace the old. This can best be accomplished in entirely new surroundings and among strangers to himself and to his former environment. An association working locally is limited in its abilitj' to select homes for certain temperaments. This cooper- ation furnishes the opportunity to fit each child into its proper place. Such are some of the special benefits obtained by cooperation. We might mention, also, the ready proving up of applications received by associations from distant parts of the state, by reference to the state agency; the ready transfer of misfits from one home to another through the agency; and the in- creased interest and activity shown in the work by associations, by reason of the interchange of opinions and courtesies. To make a state visiting agency of the highest possible value, there must be an adequate system of accurate records kept. It must include not only information relative to the children to be cared for, but must be a sort of a secret service bureau, containing confidential information about people. These records are a matter of slow, but constant growth. Those relating to the children are made up from monthly reports from the asylums, including reports of any visits to placed out children that they may make, the reports from guardians, and the reports from our agents. For recording this infor- mation, we use a card system, a numbered card being used for each child. The number refers to a filing envelope in which all reports and other impor- tant papers touching that child's case is filed. On the card is recorded in brief, all information relative to the child, his own characteristics, his family history, and his history while a public ward. The more extended relation of facts is obtained by taking the papers in the filing envelope. These cards are arranged alphabetically. In addition, to facilitate the work, we have a card registration showing the location of children subject to visitation, arranged according to the names of the guardians, also one arranged by postoffices according to the counties in which the guardians live. We also use the card system for recording information relative to people. Whenever an application reaches us, the applicant's name is put upon a num- bered card, together with his postoffice, and his wife's name, if he gives it. His letter is given a corresponding number. When our representative has made his investigation, and the papers are numbered, and placed on file numerically. To illustrate the value of this registration, when the card an- nouncing the placement of the child with P and wife at J — , mentioned above, reference was at once made to the cards and we found the following: "Twice investigated. P about 50, wife 20. Slouchy and dirty. Own nothing but a little furniture. Live on a sand hill farm, rented, and pay no rent." This month our agent visited a home in which two children had been placed. The home had been counted as a good one, and the children had been carefully and kindly used. No fault had been found with the home. But, I now find upon the card of October, 1901: "Moved from the farm and entered saloon business. Children removed." This particular bureau of in- formation is being prepared for special benefit of the childsaving agencies, and, as it grows, will doubtless prove of immense value. 208 In this brief recital of Indiana's experience, we have not attempted to enunciate anynew principles on child-savine, but have attempted to demon- strate by illustration that a state visiting agency is a valuable thing and that it has pood reasons for its existence. If it did nothing but supervise the work of the other agencies, visiting their placements, and aiding in the trans- fer of misfits and the rescuing of ill-treated wards, it would be well worth its cost to the state. But, it does more than this. It is charged with seeking out suitable family homes for the children in the various asylums, and to that end it bends certain of its energies to that work. Since its organization it has received about 1,400 applications and has a record of nearly that many that it has investigated. It has placed 877 children up to October 1st, of whom 049 are still a public support. In addition to its other work, the agency is DOW placing an average of nearly a child a day the year through. On the basis of a gain of but 200 a year in the number off of public support, econ- omically considered, the agency is saving to the state annually $20,000 for each $0,000 expended. A ohild ceases to be a public ward at the age of 18. The average number of years that a child is off of public support till he reaches that age is approximately eight years. So the actual saving to the state for each $G,000 expended is approximately $160,000. I mention $0,000, because that is at present the amount we are allowed for the support of the state agency. It has to pay the salaries and expenses ot our three agents, and also the office expenses of the department. I do not wish it to be inferred that a gain of 200 per year off of public support is our limit. These figures are based upon actual placements. It does not take into account the large num- ber of children that are taken out of asylums by parents and relatives when they know that the state agent is liable to come at any time and remove their children to distant parts of the state and that they may no longer see them at will. In one county, where 44 children had been the average maintained for sev- eral years, the State agent selected ten to go into families and nine others were immediately taken out by relatives, some of whom, strange as it may seem, had contracts with the association governing that home, to let them know when homes were offered for the children, and then they would take them themselves. Among the inmates of another home this year there were seven children, representing two families. The state agent notified the asso- ciation that he could place one from each family at once. Relatives took the whole seven as soon as they heard of it. The insistence on the part of our board that associations should live up to the letter of the law in requiring a release from parents whose children were to come into the asylum, has prevented hundreds of children from becoming puplic wards. When these parents would find that they had to give their children up absolutely, with no prospect of seeing them again till they were of age at least, thev were very likely to find that they themselves were able to care for them. Before the passage of this law it was quite the thing for shiftless parents to put their children in an orphan asylum where they would be cared for by the public, while they, relieved of their self-imposed burdens, would go off for indefinite periods, secure in their knowledge that their chil- dren were all right, and that whenever they chose to return they could get their children back. All that is changed- Now, when a child is placed in an asylum he is not saved for the parents, if paid for by the public. Not a few are cared for temporarily at asylums, but their way is paid by private donations. All public wards are subject to placement. The careful and frequent inspection of orphan asylums has produced good results in tlieir administration and no longer are ''do the boys halls" to be found in the State. A likewise frequent inspection of poor asylums keeps them free from children. In conclusion I will say that we believe state supervision of the dependent and orphan children is one of the most important, if not the most important of the State's industries. From a money standpoint it is a paying venture. From a humanitarian standpoint, who can estimate its value? 209 The President — The subject of state supervision is now before you for discussion. We will first hear from Judge Carter of Chicago, who is on the program for the opening discussion. Judgre Orrin N. Carter of Chicago.— I feel like announcinsr where I reside. "We have heard so much here today about our local habitation, that coming' from the place I do — a place that you will hear so much about before this couference is over — I am deeply impressed with the importance of not having you misunderstand the character of the place I hail from. I come from no mean city, no matter how people may speak of its evils and surroundings; so frequently has this been done that I doubt not, Mr. Chairman, that I will be pardoned a reference to that old, old story of the man who died in Chicago and applied at the gates above, where he was told by St. Peter that he could not be let in because there was no such place, but upon looking at the map said that he was much surprised to find that there was such a place on the map, but nobody had ever applied for admission from there before. We have great evils in Chicago, but we also have great blessings, especially in the men and women living there who are giving their lives to the world's greatest work. I am to follow with a discussion on the subject of State Supervision of Placing Children in Homes, I feel like thanking the author of the paper just read for the very clear presentation of the method of doing this work in Indiana. I am not sure — although I felt some doubt on the question during his discussion — I am not sure, I say, but that he has given us a much more helpful talk than if he had simply given us a general discussion of the sub- ject. The system of supervision of placing children in homes in that state is much more complete that I had supposed. I am glad to realize that we now have in Chicago helping us in the work of ehildsaving and in the problems of caring for the poor and unfortunate, Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, who, it seems, had so much to do with the passage of this law, which is certainly admirable in many respects. 1 can only touch cursorily on some of the prominent things we ought to have in mind with reference to this question. The place of the State and the care of its poor and unfortunate perhaps has never been better set forth than by our own Supreme court in the cold, precise language of a judicial opinion, and you will pardon me if just for a sentence or two I read from that opinion: "It is the unquestioned right and imperative duty of every enlightened government, in its character, parens patrice, to protect and provide for the comfort and well being of such of its citizens as, by reason of infancy, de- fective understanding or other misfortune or infirmity, are unable to take care of themselves. The performance of this duty is justly regarded as one of the most important of governmental functions, and all constitutional limi- tations must be so understood and construed as not to interfere with its proper and legitimate exercise." (County of McLean v. Humphreys. 104 III., 383.) In the light of this doctrine we approach the discussion of this subject. Any person who has ever given any thought to the question can not doubt that the State must necessarily take control in certain cases. How far it should interfere with parental relations, how extreme should be the authority exercised by the courts and by the public authorities, is a question which has always been open to discussion and can well bear very careful, thorough and earnest consideration; because if we go to the extreme of saying that the State can interfere under any and all circumstances, then you are overthrow- ing the very fundamental principles upon which our government is estab- lished. You recall that Jefferson said years ago that that government was best that governed least; if you carry the principle of State interference into all cases, as some claim is the legitimate result of interfering in any case with the parental authority of the natural parents, you will find that the courts and the various State agencies are interfering in family affairs when the best interests of all require that they ought not to interfere. You will —14 C. 210 find, I think, if you oarr^' this doctrine to the extreme limit of interferingr whenever the court — the individual who is the court — thinks he ought to, or the individual who then represents the State thinks he ought to, that you have the paternal government — the socialistic idea — and do one is left free to do as he wishes with his own familj'. That we ought to interfere in extreme cases everyone knows. That we ought to clothe the court with power to say what should be done with all children in all families, none of us will say. To the ordinary citizen who has the ideal American home be- fore him, that the court or any public agency can interfere at will upon all occasions with the control of the children in the home is ttie most revolting. There is no one — and I have had some experience myself upon the bench in ■endeavoring to control parents and guardians in the care of children — there is no one that I would trust to be the sole judge of what ought to be done in all families. I would not except even my friend Judge Tuthill, who for the last two years has had more to do with the control of children than any other individual in this State, or perhaps in all the land— 1 would not trust even him to be right on all occasions. 1 do not think that we ought to advocate in this or any other conference that we should have State supervision in all homes. On the other hand, 1 am strongly of the opinion that in every com- munity there are individual cases where the public authorities, even with natural parents, ought to interfere. If this be true of real parents, you can see that it is much more often true of people who are not the parents of the children in their care. Right here I want to call the attention to what seems to be a marked division line as to the care of children. When a family is willing to take a small child 2 or 3 years of age, almost certainly within a very few months the tendrils of love will shoot out from those in whose care it is placed, and there is not anything like the same necessity for supervision in such a case as there is when a child from 12 to 15 years of age is placed with the family, for fre- quently in such cases the children are taken, not for the purpose of making them members of the familj', but because they think such children can be useful to them in the way of work. What supervision have we now in this State? I know of none as to placing out of children in homes. I know of no authority on the part of any State igency to go into any home and investigate how the children are being cared for — that is, the law on this subject is practically the same as it is with refer- ence to the investigation as to children who are livini? with their natural parents. I know of no authority in the State to visit and investigate any private institution that is not supported in some measure by public funds, to nud out what is being done with the children in such institution. The State Board of Charities has a right to visit, investigate and report upon all State institutions — penal, educational or correctional — that the State, county or public funds assist in supporting, but beyond this, that board has no power. Under the juvenile court law passed recently, the county judge of each county has the authority to appoint a committee to visit all institutions or agencies that take children from the juvenile '^ourt and make a report to the county judge as to how these institutions and agencies are caring for the children; but we have in this State many institutions caring for children who are not subject under the law to any investigation or oversight by public authorities. No institution, ageucj' or family ought to be permitted to take a child not its own without being subject in some way to some supervision. I do not be- lieve that this is too extreme a doctrine to lay down, and any institution or agency which objects to some sort of supervision on the part of the public is not a safe agency to have (Control of the child. There may be people who will not agree with this statement — especially religious organizations. There are organizations in this State who are doing most excellent work in the care (jf children witlujut any supervision, but 1 think a careful investigation on the part of these people will satisfy them that there are many institutions in the State who will never give proper care and attention to cliildren without the State has a certain oversight over them. Strong objections may be urged against having State agents visiting all institutions and making public reports. I was much impressed with the state- ment in the paper just read to the effect that in Indiana the public authorities 211 who placed children in homes could not be compelled to disclose the adopted homes of these children to the natural parents from whom they had been taken. This may seem extreme doctrine to one who has never had any expe- rience on this question, but I believe it will be found absolutely necessary so to protect the adopted homes from the former parents. While some super- vision is necessary, it does not follow that it should be of such a nature as to place all the results of the work on the public records. What sort of supervision is practical for us to advocate at the present time for our own State without making it too burdensome or expensive? I do not think the Legislature would pass a law requiring State supervision of every institution and every home. The state of education is such at the present time that such a measure could not be carried through, even if we thought such a measure advisable. In the original draft of the juvenile court lawi there was a provision requiring all institutions receiving children to be sub-- ject to the supervision of the visitation committee, and this general, broadi provision had to be stricken out in order to get the law through. I think it is possible to take a step in advance on this question of supervision of the placing of children in adopted homes and institutions. I am not prepared to say that the Indiana law or the Massachusetts law is the best for us here in Illinois. I am not prepared to say that the best results would be reached in our own State by having paid State officials investigate all children placed in institutions or in adopted home*. I do believe that we can have a law passed that will compel every organization and individual which has to do with placing out children in homes to make a report to the State Board of Public Charities — requiring them to certify in such report that all children placed out have been visited at least once a year. I think such a law is prac- tical and possible. I think it is possible to go further and pass a law by which you can have in every county a visitation committee appointed whose duty it will be (without pay, if you will) to inquire into all homes where children have been placed out and report to the State Board of Charities that such an investigation has been made, but without giving the details of such investi- gation, to be placed in the public record. Of course, I do not wish to be understood as making a general, sweeping criticism of all the institutions caring for children in thib State. I do not think any more than other speakers that the institutions of our State are far behind in the care of the wards of the State. On the contrary, I believe them to be abreast of, in many in- stances ahead of, the times in the care of children and other unfortunate wards of the State. It is very difficult to say when we ought to interfere with the home and when we ought not to. Frequently when persons have been giving years of attention to one subject they think that their own ideas if adopted will easily dispose of all obstacles in the treatment of that subject. I have read papers very recently by most excellent people who think that this question of State supervision is very easy of solution, but you must remember that we have all sorts of people and all sorts of families; that the home life is the very founda- tion of our present civilization, and that all that is sweet and ennobling in this country has started from the home. The home is far better than the best institution for the raising of children — even the adopted home is better, because that adopted home which does not have love sitting and holding com- munion with the child is not at home. Difficulties and problems are felt by every father and mother and I know and you know that we, no rnatter what mistakes we may make, we do not wish everyone to be interfering with us in the care of our children. You will find that children amounting to any- thing in life are frequently brought up under most difficult surroundings. It is not the easy, pleasant, surroundings that always bring the best results. Of course, we want beauty in life, sunshine and flowers and too frequently we think with the poet: "I am tired of planning and toiling. In the crowded hives of men; Heart-weary of building: and spoiling And spoiling and building again, And I long for the dear old river Where I dreamed my youth away. For a dreamer lives forever And a toiler dies in a day." 212 While we want this poetry and beauty in our life, we must not forget that difficulties meet us all, and that the children worth raisincr, the children that we are proud of, are many times those who have come up through difficulties and vicissitudes. Let me say in conclusion, if there is anything I believe in it is State organ- izations — paid agencies, if you will — necessary as they are, in all branches of this work, if we are to have American manhood and womanhood in the future, strong and beautiful as it has been in the past — if we are to have the American home, we must have engaged in this work men and women like we have here today, who are willing, without pay, to give their best hours and labor to assist in solving these problems; we must have the State organiza- tion and State work supplemented, supported, and carried forward by the public sentiment of men and women who believe in the work and love it. Let us take as one of the mottos of this conference and every other that may follow, the idea set forth by Lowell in one of his great poems written at the close of the war: " They love truth best who themselves are true And what they dare to dream of, dare to do." The President — From whom shall we hear next? Reverend H. H. Hart, of Chicago — This subject is one of great importance and interest. As representing a society engaged in the work of some of the other states with great interest, personally and officially I favor the public supervision of those organizations which undertake to place children in homes. I am not half so much afraid of State supervision as some of our friends here appear to be. It is a remarkable fact that if a man of wealth dies and leaves any money for his family, the State will immediately step in and appoint a guardian. Now, it seems to me to be a reasonable proposition that the State should also exercise some supervision over the dependent and orphan children who are left without suitable homes. These organizations, however well they may endeavor to do their work, the best of them make a great many failures. If they know they are going to be held responsible for their work by the State, it has a good effect. 1 know that from experience. Our society has felt that its work must stand the inspection of the committee appointed by Judge Carter. If we are not able to do our work, we had better quit. I ad- mit there are many difficulties in this matter of supervision. It is a very grave question whether you will allow the inspection of all homes. Visitation by agents who are inexperienced and who are not careful, oftentimes does mischief. Our society will not consent to the adoption of a child until it is assured the child will have a good home. When we have consented to its adoption, we will let it alone. After a child has been ailopted by a good family, I do not think any public agent ought to be permitted to disturb or break up the relations of that homo. 1 think, however, that great good can be accomplished by a reasonable method. I have had reports from Indiana which are to the effect that the supervision in that state is a great help to the societies. The state agent visits tlio home and reports to the societies which placed the children and also to the board of charities. I believe the State should see to it that the societies do their work well. Mr. William O. LaMonte, clerk of the juvenile court in Chica<2:o, followed in tlie discussion, saying in part: The question of State visitation of all State children placed in foster homes or held in institutions awaiting placement, is one of great importance, of delicacy, and of some difficulty. The question of State guardianship and the extent to which it should ex- tend, is growing in importance and demanding consideration because legisla- tion and court action in all states is increasing on account of the necessitj' of saving the young from evil lives. Statutes in the interest of cnild-saving are passed frequently, and many such are now in force in nearly all states. The courts have generally sustained them because "the authority of State as parcn* 213 partial to assume the guardianship and education of neglected and homeless children, as well as neelected orphans, is unquestioned." (House of Refuge V. Ryan, 37 Ohio St., 197.) Now, if the State assumes the guardianship and delegates it to the foster parent, it is the duty of the State to see that those to whom it intrusts the precious charge are, and continue, fit trustees. If the State has the right to control children as parens patriae and supersede the actual parents when their character or conduct is pernicious to the best interests of the child (Cowls v. Cowls, 8 111., 437; s. c, 44 Am. Dec, 708), why is it not the imperative and paramount duty of the State to properly safeguard, shield and champion its own wards when in the hands of foster parents. The high nature of this duty is illustrated by the case referred to (McLean Co. v. Humphreys, 104 111., 397) by the gentleman preceding me, where the court in Bloomington in a proper case committed a girl to the Illinois Industrial School for Girls at Evanston. The authorities who doled out the public money said they could not pay the expense of transportation. Mrs. Humphreys, a practical woman, and they are always helpful to the public, solved the difficulty by taking the girl there and then sued the county for her expenses. She recovered judgment and the county appealed, giving many reasons why they alleged the industrial school law was unconstitu- tional. The Supreme court brushed them all aside and said it was the State's highest duty to care for its children, and even constitutions must be con- strued in the light of that paramount duty. The Supreme Court of Indiana sustained placing of children under a void statute in nearly the same language. But this giant power ought not to be used like a giant, but wisely. A wise risitation would be the application of the old equity principle that the king (in this country people), is the guardian of all children within the jurisdiction of the present conditions. In the leading English case, the great decision which fixed the law on the subject for all time (Wellesley v. Duke of Beau- fort, 2 Russ., 3), Lord Eldon said: "It has always been the principle of this court not to risk the incurring of damage to children which it can not repair, but rather to prevent the damage being done. * * * The interposition of this court stands upon principles which it ought not to put into operation without keeping in view all the feelings of a parent's heart, and all the principles of the common law with respect to a parent's right; and that, though the court has interposed in many instances of this sort, the applica- tion is one of the most serious and important nature. * * * It has not been doubted that this jurisdiction belongs to the court. * * * l take it to have been long settled by judicial practice that such is the law of the land." My proposition is that the State is in duty bound to visit its wards and see that they are placed in and continue to be in fit and proper places; but such visitation ought to be wisely done. For instance, care should be taken not to let the child know it was adopted, if doing well and ignorant o£ the fact. The Province of Ontario, Canada, has done great work along these lines, and the man in charge, J. J. Kelso, Parliament buildings, Ottawa, is wonder- fully efficient and will give any one interested valuable information on re- quest. This country, in common with many others, has received benefit from Australia by adopting the ballot law and the land registration law. I find that there they are advanced in respect to laws favoring children. I hold in my hand a pamphlet issued by the State Children's association of which the Right Honorable, the Earl of Crewe, is chairman, London, en- titled, "Methods of Dealing with State Children in Australia," from the pen of Miss Hilda Martindale. Miss Martindale visited our juvenile court on her way home from the Antipodes. The information theiein is startling. They began enacting remedial laws for children in 1873. 214 In South Australia in 1900 there were 1^48 children under state supervision, only 25 of whom were in institutions. "There are always, even after careful sifting, more applications for these children than can possibly be entertained. Inspectors visit the children at regular intervals." Expenditure about $83,- 000 per annum. In Victoria an act passed in 1890, the principal object of which is individual treatment of children. In this State there are 4,965 children under care of the department, onlj 334 of whom are in institutions. Although the department places so many it "still keeps up its protection and supervision, and if necessary takes them back uuder its complete control." In New South Wales in 189G, there were 3,456, and in 1900 there were 7,101 in the care of the state. They are controlled by a board of six ladies and three gentlemen. Here, more are in institutions, but they are on the cottage plan with never more than 16 in a cottage. They are always under super- vision, however. In Tasmania the boarding out system adopted as a re«ult of printing as a parliamentary document, of Miss iFlorenoe Davenport — Hill's books. Children of the State, has been in vogue since 1873. with great success, but supervi- sion is ever maintained. In New Zealand the children are placed in homes by the education depart- ment, whose duty it is to "place out the children and visit them later." If state visitation has been so successful in Ontario and Australia, why will it not work well in Illinois? At least these Australian laws and methods ought to be carefully studied before our next conference. Doctor J. C. Gordon of Jacksonville — If it is in order, I would move that the chairman of this conference appoint a committee to report resolutions bearing upon the State visitation of children placed in homes, and in making this motion I wish to state that I could not serve on such a committee. The President — The program provides for the appointment of committees I think tonight or tomorrow. Mr. Jenkin Lloyd Jones of Chicago — The program provides for the appointment of committees at 2:00 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. These committees, if their reports are to be subject to deliberation, should be appointed before 2:00 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. They ought to present their reports in time to receive due consideration by this body. The President — I do not suppose there would be any objection to their appointment at this time Does Doctor Grordon's motion meet with a second? A Voice — I second the motion. The motion was carried unanimously and the president appointed as such committee Messrs. H. H. Hart, Ernest Bicknell and W. O. LaMonte, of Chicago; Miss Sarah Montgomery, of Springtield, and Miss Josephine Milligan, of Jacksonville. Mr. R. C. Grier, of Peoria — I understand it is customary in this conference for the president toapprdiit a committee on the time and place cf the next meeting. If it meets with favor, I would be very glad to have the cliair appoint that conimittoo now. 215 The President — The chair will appoint as a committee to deter- mine the time and place of our meeting, Mrs. Ophelia Amigh, of Geneva; Mr. R. C. Grier, of Peoria, and Mr. W. O. LaMonte, of Chicago. The Secretary — For the information of this committee, I will say that I have received invitations from two cities — Peoria and Kan- kakee. Doctor 0. B. Will, of Peoria— In the short space of time allotted to the rank and file, it is impossible to say much in the discussion of this question. I think our sister state Indiana is to be congratulated on the satisfactory working of its supervisory law, as demonstrated in the address we have just heard. But, as it is the man behind the gun, as we have recently so often heard, that it gives it potency, so is it, in my judgment, the character of the men who have been executing the provisions of the Indiana law that has given it its special efficiency. Without the exercise of the greatest discretion on their part, I feel that there would be room for annoying possibilities. Supervision of some kind, though, is an evident necessity under a law of compulsory home- fixing. While I sympathize with the position of Judge Carter relative to the inviolability of the home, I cannot share with him in the fear that any injustice is likely to be done in that direction, if there is given the power of appeal which he advocated in connection with the juve- nile delinquent law of this State. The rights of the home are no more sacred than the lives of those who constitute the home, and courts and juries who can be trusted with the latter, (as they are, in the name of justice), can like- wise be trusted with the former. The point in connection with this subject of dependent children and their disposition that has given me most concern, is the tendency to an irretrievat)le separation. I know of many cases of parents who were compelled by mis- fortune, rather than moral delicquency, to give up their children to public care, and yet whose greatest ambition was in a not remote period to see the reunion of their families. Such a prospect is often the greatest stimulus to exertion, and to my mind it is absolutely cruel to deprive such of this possi- bility, in the manner that has been indicated in one instance mentioned this afternoon. There ought, in my judgment, be some provision made for such contingency in any dependency law. It is for that reason that I have main- tained the desirability of sustaining local refuges and schools to serve as helpers to both parents and children under such circumstances, as well as to provide permanent homes for those who might have no other reasonable alternative. Reverend J. Nate, of Chicago — It seems to me that the children of today are to be the men and women of tomorrow. The supreme thought should be to care for the child. It is not a question of expense, and should not be so considered. Proper education of the child for citizenship should be the guid- ing thought, and I am heartily in favor of any system that will bring about such a result. I think where parents, or guardians, or those who may have in charge these children are wholly unfit to care for them, that the State should step in and assume the responsibility of their proper care and educa- tion. The law should be so framed that it will safeguard the children against all comers. Mr. Ernest Bicknell, of Chicago— There is one point in connection with the enactment of this law in Indiana that I would like to mention. This bill was not driven rough shod over the feelings of the people. Every child-saving institution in that state was conferred with before the bill was introduced in the legislature. Every society in the state that was interested in the work had a chance to be heard. When that bill came up for passage not a single child-saving institution in the state opposed it, and there were 44 of them in different counties. They were satisfied this plan would help them in their ■work. The bill was not introduced until they were satisfied. There was not a dark corner in that bill. Everything was public. The state board of 216 charities published the contemplated law and had conferences in different f>arts of the state coiicerniner its effect and provisions. There was not a stone ett unturned in our endeavors to pfivo everybody a heariup. The result was that we did not have to introduce the bill with a lot of provisions that the societies were opposed to. The bill was optiur:al, so that these little institu- tions did not have to come in under the provisions of it, except just as far as it would help them. It was left optional purposely. It was passed four years ago and the last society in the state carae in under it just a few weeks ap:o. They were not forced in, but came in on their own motion. The law has not been tested in the courts as all ttie societies were conferred with and nothing was incorporated in the measure that all did not apree to. Mr. Butler— I infer from what was said by one of the speakers that the im- pression is that the work of supervising iu Indiana is under a paid board. This is a mistake. It is not a paid board. It is composed of six members, ladies and gentlemen, three of whom have been members for almost 12 years. They have studied the work thoroughly and conscientiously. The impression also seems to be that this supervision leads to the taking away all children from such homes as were unfit. There is nothing of this sort. We do not supervise children in their own homes, or do we take them away from their own homes. There are two laws iu Indiana by which that can be done, one of which was passed by the last legislature, authorizing the establishment in every county of the state board of children's guardians. Another impression that 1 fear may exist is this. This board does not clainn the right to visit private homes that are purely private affairs, but it is required by law to visit every orphans' home that is supported in whole or in part by public funds. Another point is that in our state we do not, as a rule, visit a child after it has been legally adopted, but we sometimes do it as a matter of courtesy. But when the couit is satisfied that the person adopting a child is the proper person to care for it, that settles it as far as we are con- cerned. Mr. President — If there are no others who desire to be heard we will close the discussion of this very interesting topic. At this meeting there is a secretary and a first vice-president to be elected. The chair will appoint a committee on nominations for these offices before we adjourn this session, in order that it may have plenty of time. I will appoint Mr. Geo. W. Curtiss, of Stockton; Mrs. Lucy L. Flower, of Chicago, and Mr. H. S. Miller of Peoria. The conference will now stand adjourned until 8:00 o'clock this evening. EVENING SESSION. The conference reconvened at 8:00 o'clock p. m., and was called to order by the president. Judge Carter — I desire to introduce a resolution for the considera- tion of this conference. I think all of you who have had to do with work of this character soem to bo iu favor with the spirit of the reso- lution, if not with its wording. All conference workers heartily favor it and all who have talked hero this afternoon favor it. Our Gov- ernor spoke in favor of the principle The resolution is as follows: Ecsolv d. That reaffirming the position of this conference of a year ago, we favor the elimination of partisan politii al inlluence from the administration of the State institiitinns of Illinois, iu onlfr that the State may retam the ser- vices of faithful and cflicienf oHiccr-i, and that wo will co-operate with all public agencies in having placed upon our statutes a merit l:iw which will bring about such a result. 217 We have heard that the Governor is in favor of this law and it seems to me, Mr. Chairman, that this is a very opportune time to use our energies in bringing about the passage of such a measure. Therefore, Mr. Chairman, I move the adoption of the resolution. Mrs. L. L. Flower, of Chicago — I second the motion. The question of the adoption of the resolution was put by the president and it was unanimously adopted. Mr. Hart — The committee on State supervision of children placed in homes is ready to report. The President — The report will be received. The following report was then submitted: REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STATE SUPERVISION OF CHILDREN PLACED IN HOMES. Your committee on State supervision of children placed in homes respectfully recommends the adoption of the following resolution: Resolved, That the Illinois State Conference of Charities favors the adop- tion of some plan for the proper State supervision of children placed in homes by public authorities or by private associations or individuals; such supervision to include provision whereby the frequent visitation of such children by responsible and discreet agents shall be assured. Resolved, That we recommend the appointment of a committee of five to consider this question and report to the conference of 1902. Resolved, That this committee be instructed to correspond with the various child- saving organizations and institutions in the State and secure a consen- sus of opinion on this subject. Resolved, That organizations interested in child-saving throughout the State be urged to take up this question and to discuss it thoroughly, as a means of arousing public sentiment. Respectfully submitted, Hastings H. Hart, W. 0. LaMonte, Ernest Bicknell, Sarah L. Montgomery, Josephine Milligan, Committee. The President — You have heard the resolution. Are you ready for the question? The question was put and the resolution was unanimously adopted. The President — I notice that the resolution provides for the ap- pointment of a committee of five to take up this question and report to the conference of 1902. I think it will be well to continue the committee which has just made this report and the chair appoints for this purpose the five whose names are subscribed to the report. Mr. LaMonte — The committee appointed to select the time and place of tlie next conference is ready to report through its chairman, Mrs. Amigh. 21fi REPORT OF COMMITTEE TO SELhX'T TIME AND PLACE OF NEXT ANNUAL MEETING. Voar committee to select the time and place of the seventh aoDuai meeting^ of the Illinois Conference of Charities, having: considered the matter beprs leave to recommend that the conference accepts the cordial invitation of the Mayor, Board ot Trade, Associated Charities and Philanthropies and Women's club, of Peoria, because of accessibility, hotel accommodations, hall facilities and the 30 or more charitable organizations in that city. We recommend Peoria as the place, and Tuesday, Wednesday and Thurs- day, Oct. 21, 22 and 23, 1902, as the time. Respectfully submitted, Ophelia L. Amigh, W. O. LaMonte, R. C. Grier, Committee. The report of the committee was unanimously adopted. The President — The first number on the program this evening is the National Conference of Charities at Milwaukee, by Reverend H. H. Hart, ex-secretary of the National Conference. ^Ir. Hart is thoroughly conversant with the work of the national organization and desires to say a few words to you about the Milwaukee meeting in May next. The National Conference of Charities. (By Reverend H. H. Hart.) Ladies and Gentlemen:— I am not the proper person to represent the Na- tional Conference at this time, for the reason that I resigfoed the position of secretary last winter and my successor, Mr. HomerjFolks, took up the duties of the office the first of this month. But I am very deeplj' interested in the work of the conference and this appears to be an opportune time to call your attention to what is doing. This meeting here today is a typical one. The conference of charities has come to be regarded as an educational body. There are now 20 of these state organizations, all following the general plan and purposes of the national body. The National Conference of Charities is a deliberative body. Its members come together annually to discuss the great problems of charity and correc- tion. They read papers, and let me say. a less number is read every year. They publish their proceedings to the world and leave them to produce such effect as they will. The National Conference Vfry seldom undertakes to secure legislation, although at one time it did undertake to secure the enact- ment of law for a permanent burtau of statistics to bo connected with the census bureau; but that action is an exception to the general rule of the con- ference. It has endeavored to secure results by education. The next meeting is to occur in May, 1902, in Milwaukee. Formerly the State of Illinois was one of the most important states in the Union in the conference It sent large delegations and profited thereby; but for the last three or four years our State has not been as fully represented as it formerly was, and I want to urge upon the members of the conference the importance of sending a full delegation to the Milwaukee meeting. I hope you will appoint a coinniittee or ask your nominating committee to make up a list of at least 50 delegates to be appoiuted by this body. The National Conference of Charities, instead of holding its meetings for two days, holds for a week. It discusses the general field of charities. There is no one who cannot find something of special interest in the National Con- ference of Charities. It is divided into sections which hold three or four section meetings during the course of the conference. The leading sections 219 are the child-saving section, the juvenile reform section, the charity organi- zation section, which represents the work of associated charities, which in- cludes the work of public ofiBcers, the superintendents of the poor and other similar ofl&cers entrusted with the care of the poor. The general sessions are very much like the meetings we hold. Formerly there were a great many papers read, but the executive committee has taken strong action in favor of a smaller number of papers and greater liberty for discussion. Much of valuable thought is derived from the spontaneous general discussions. Ther are by people who have studied the questions and are engaged in the work every day of the year. A very valuable addition of late years has been the different colleges. Professors and others connected with the work of the universities have become interested in the work. The president of the con- ference two years ago, was professor of sociology in the Chicago university. We have had an illustration here this afternoon of what is fully one-half the value of the National Conference of Charities. At the meetings of that body 3'Ou will always find congenial souls. The members sit down and discuss these great problems and gain much of information that it is not possible to obtain in the general meetings. There is another feature about it. People who are engaged in the work of public institutes of all kinds form one of the most delightful fellowships in the world. The people who attend the meet- ings are extraordinarily good and intelligent. By coming in contact with them you will form a personal friendship which will prove of the greatest value to you. The State Conference of Charities has its place, but can not take the place of the national body. We have our State problems and our city problems, which are, in a measure, provincial. When you go to the National Confer- ence, Chicago people will come in contact with others from Cleveland, Boston, New York, Denver and St. Louis. You will find that these people are deal- ing with the same problems that we are, in different ways, and you will get a new conception of the scope of this great work. After spending a week at the National Conference you will come back to your work with a freshness of thought which will be of untold value to you. The same thing is true of the representatives of the Scate institutions. I believe I am not exaggerating when I say the National Conference of Charities is one of the most valuable educational institutions in the world. It brings together the extremes of thought on the questions before it. When you go to Wisconsin in May you will find that their state institutions are conducted on a different plan. In the first place they have a state board of control which exercises supervision over their institutions. The people up there think this is the greatest plan in the world. Then they have a unique system of caring for their insane. Every- body will have an opportunity to visit these institutions and form impressions as to their value. I speak of this simply as an illustration. Special arrange- ments will be made for the meeting in Milwaukee. I anticipate there will be good hotel accommodations at $2 per day, and the expense of traveling will not be great. There will be a rate of a fare aid a third for the round trip. 1 will give you my personal guarantee that if you attend this meeting you will come back amply repaid. 1 feel personally solicitoas that this meeting shall be well attended, because it is the first one at which Mr. Folks is to act as secretary, and also because of the fact that I am especially interested in the president, Hon. Timothy Nicholson, who is one of the most delightful men of my acquaintance. He is a man of extraordinary ability and experience, and I feel sure that you will be delighted with him. I thank you tor your attention and hope to see all of you at Milwaukee next May. The President — I hope the nominating committee will bear in mind Mr. Hart's request and include in its report the names of 50 delegates from Illinois to the next meeting of the National Confer- ence. They should be selected from all parts of the State. The next number on our program is the State Home for Delin- quent Boys. After many appeals to the legislature we have suc- ceeded in getting the juvenile court law, and with this law we have 220 practically syBtematized the entire work of dealing with these delin- quent children. Wo have come to the point of institutional care and lack but one more institution. We have argued for it for two years. We have the law and a small appropriation for building and furnish- ings, and we now want assistance from private sources with which to obtain the necessary land. I hope that private individuals will come forward and supply the site. This institution is needed as a place to care for the delinquent boys that cannot be restrained. The delin- quent boy'is not the boy who is always near the mother; he is not the boy that is to be found in Sunday school, but he is the boy who up to the present time has not been cared for by the great State of Illinois, except to handcuff him and take him down to Pontiac and try to reform him. We want to care for him now, and feel sure that we will be enabled to do so. His Honor, Judge Tuthill, can tell you about the home we want and about these boys. He has had the care of nearly 6,000 children and is here to tell you about them. When we get our State Home for Boys we can congratulate the Judge on his labors. I take great pleasure in introducing to you Judge Tut- hill, of Chicago State Home for Delinquent Boys. (By Judge R. S. Tuthill. of Chicago.) Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — I came down here from a sense of duty. 1 am free to say that this duty, like every duty when discharged, has brought a great deal of pleasure along with it, 1 have enjoyed being here todaj' and listening to the papers and discussions, and especiallv did I enjoy the address of the eloquent gentleman, Mr. Stringer, who gave to the con- ference such a beautiful welcome to this historic city. 1 was particularly in- terested in hearing from him the story in connection with the naming of this city. This city will appreciate more and more as the years go by that there were those in Lincoln in its early days, who had the wisdom to appreciate the character of that greatest of A^mericans, Abraham Lincoln, who gave his name to your city. I have always felt interested in anything that was named Lincoln. Our park in Chicago seems to me more beautiful because it is called Lincoln park. I only regret that we have not yet had a state named for him. I am sure that the next state that comes into the galaxy of the Union will be named after Lincoln. No name in American history comes so near the hearts of the people of this great country of ours, as does the name of that great son of Illinois. Abraham Lincoln. I was made happy by meeting here a friend of many years who kindly took me in her carriage to the Asylum for Peeble-Minded Children. I have always liked the town of Lincoln, although I have never been here except to pass through, because here is the place where the feeble-minded children are cared for. I have always thought there are some institutions that I would rather not have near the town 1 lived in. I would not care to have a penitentiary established in a town where my children were grown up. I believe it is only within the last few months that the people of Sing Siner have changed the name of that town, because when you spoke of people going to Sing Sing you had to explain that they were not going to the prison. So with Joliet. Peo- ple living in that town always feel that a little explanation is necessary when they sav they have lived so many years in Joliet. But living in Lincoln, where the feeble minded children are cared for, there is no need of explana- tion, because somehow or other n halo spreads over the name and place whjre the unfortunate feeble-minded are cared for. It is hallowed and s.'icred, because it is the place where the good people are trying to help the children. 221 As I came down on the train this morning I saw a very tad sight, I never will forget it. I saw the jailer of Cook county in the smokinsr car with eight boys, handcuffed, on his way to Pontiac. Three of those boys were little fellows who came into my court about the first time that court was held, and were sent to the John Worthy school. After being there for some time they were released. But their homes were so terrible, so unfit to be called homes, the things surrounding them were so horrible, that it was not to be wondered at that they were brought back in a little while to the juvenile court. Proba- tion care could not drive out the poison that filled their homes. What could the court do? There was no use trying probation care and sending them back to their homes where their bad companions would soon be with them again, and so they were again sent to the John Worthy school, only to be re- leased later when they went into the world and were arrested for crime. Now they have gone to Pontiac with manacles upon their wrists and upon their souls, simply because we have not an institution in Illinois where they could be cared for long enough. That is what we are coming down here now and asking for. We are asking you to pray for such an institution. We ask you to let your voices go forth to create a public sentiment which shall sweep over this State and make every man, woman and child who has a heart cry out "this institution must be established at once." It is a noble deed to establish a home for feeble-minded children. I was told that only three out of ten in the institution here could possibly receive instruction that would amount to anything, but we are proud that we have an institution where they can be cared for. We take great pleasure in see- ing new walls going up and the capacity of the institution being enlarged. We would have it so that every feeble-minded child in Illinois could be humanely cared for. But there are other children who need to be cared for — not imbecile chil- dren, not feeble-minded children, not idiotic children, but children with strong minds and strong bodies, masterful boys, who can be the stay and help of the State. They are not feeble-minded children, but they will be feeble-minded men if not cared for, watched over and directed right. If not cared for in the days of their tender youth, the State of Illinois will ulti- mately have to take care for them in the penitentiaries and upon the gallows. I have prepared a paper for this meeting to which I have given a good deal of thought, knowing it will be printed in the records. I have said things in this paper which I want everybody to know and appreciate. It is for no self- glorification that I have taken the pains and the time to prepare it. 1 have come down here to read it to you that you might be informed, for I know what the people of Illinois need is information. Illinois, by the enactment of the juvenile court law in 1899, took a leading position in regard to the treatment of delinquent children. This law was the result of long and conscientious consideration of existing conditions in our State, by those who had made a study of sociological subjects. It was not perfect. There were several serious defects in it. Some of these were reme- died by the last General Assembly. But this law has been accepted, not only by humane and intelligent students of juvenile criminology, but as well by legislatures in various of the most advanced states of the Union; as the wisest provision yet made on this subject the law has met with the enthusias- tic approval of judges and legislators, of the press and of the people, for all have felt that it was a disgrace to a civilized community to permit children to be treated, as until its enactment they have been in Illinois; confining them in police stations, in jails, and in houses of correction. The almost in- variable result of such treatment was first, to make them familiar with vice and crime, and then in a few weeks or months to discharge them, educated criminals — graduated not from a State university — but from the jails and workhouses of the State, which are indeed "State institutions," as truly as is our splendid university. But I do not propose in this presence or at this time to speak in vindication of the juvenile coixrt law, or of the policy of the State, as clearly stated in that enactment, to- wit: "This act shall be liberally construed to the end 222 that its purpose raaj' be carried out, to-wit: That the care, custody and dis- cipline of a child shall approximate as nearly as may be that which should be given by its parents." The law declared the policy of the State of Illinois, that children under 12 years of affe should not be committed to "a jail or police station," and pro- vided that "if such child is unable to give bail, it may be committed to the care of the sheriff, police officer or probation officer, who shall keep such child in some suitable place provided by the city, or county outside of the enclosure of any jail or police station." There was at once apparent a defect in the law, for neither State nor county had provided any such "suitable place." In Chicago, through the combined efforts of the court, of certain charitable persons interested in the enforcement of the law and working under the name of " The Illinois Indus- trial Association" of the city of Chicago, and of the county of Cook, a place for the temporary detention and care of delinquents was provided, though I cannot truthfully say that it was a "suitable place." I am happy to say that the county of Cook by its board of commissioners has voted to provide a "suitable place" for the temporary detention of delinquent children, pending a hearing. Section 9 o*" the act provides as follows: "In the case of a delinquent child the court may continue the hearing from time to time, and may commit the child to the care or custody of a probation officer, and may allow said child to remain in its own home subject to the visitation of the probation officer; such child to report to the probation officer as often as may be required, and subject to be returned to the court for further or other proceedings whenever such action may appear to be neces- sary; or the court may cause the child to be placed in a suitable family home, subject to the friendly supervision of a probation officer and the further order of the court; or it may authorize the child to be boarded out in some suitable family home, in case provision is made by voluntary contribution or other- wise for the payment of the board of such child, until suitable provision may be made for the child in a home without such payment; or the court may commit such child, if a boy. to a trainiug school for boys, or, if a girl, to an industrial school for girls, or the court may commit the child to any institu- tion within the county, incorporated under the laws of this State, that may care for delinquent children, or be provided by a cit3' or countj' suitable for the care of such children, or to any State institution which may be established for the care of delinquent boys, or if a girl over the age of 10 years, to the State Home for Juvenile Offenders." A great number of these delinquent children, it is needless to say, must be cared for in an institution, for experience soon demonstrates that the other methods suggested in the statute are impracticable and inefficient in certain cases. The State has no such "institution for the care of delinquent boys." No county in the State — no city in the State has any such institution as the law requires. In Chicago, through the persistent and long-continued efforts of the good women and men of the city — shocked, horrified, by the confinement of children for childish offenses, with adult offenders, depraved and shame- less men and women in the Bridewell, a separation of the children from the adults in this city prison was finally accomplished. A wall was built between the children's department and the main building. In this children's depart- ment a school was established, and has since been maintained bj' the board of education. This part of the Bridewell prison, (for such it is and must re main), is, by a wholesome euphemism, called by the name of one of the early friends of the school — "The John Worthy School." I have only words of commendation for the work done in this school. I am convinced that as much has been done to aid in the reclamation of the 2,000 boys sent to the John Worthy school as could have been done in such a place under similar circum- stances. Yet, there are inseparable objections to "The John Worthy School." First — It is a prison, a city prison, and a stain and reproach of a prison con- finement must be upon every boy, every child committed to its care. That this is a terrible handicap is shown by tne fact that the recruiting officers of 228 the United States Navy, thouprh anxious to get just such boys as are to be found in the John Worthy school, will not take one who has been sent there by the court in the exercise of the "parental care," which the State pro- fesses to give neglected children, lest such a boy should exercise a bad in- fluence upon the boys recruited from other sources, though in hundreds of cases the dangers of contamination would be to the John Worthy school boys. Second — The location of the John Worthy school is the worst possible, in the noisy, bustling, smoky, dirty city, surrounded by all manner of saloons, low dives, and gangs of bad boys and worse men, anxious to interfere with the proper discipline of the institution, by throwing messages into the yard which disturb and annoy the boys, and instruments with which to make trouble; to suggest escape and enable them to do so. Third — There is no proper playground for the boys, no green grass to look at, let alone to play upon, only harsh gravel and dirt, and not much of that. From personal experience as a boy brought up on a farm in Southern Illinois, I can authoritatively declare that there is nothing so enchanting to a boy as country life; tumbling in the rich grass; smelling the new mown hay and the rich earth turned up by the shining plowshare; climbing trees; making grapevine swings in them, and swinging so high that Heaven itself seems almost in reach. The city boy knows nothing of the pleasure of breaking colts, of training calves to submit to the yoke, and to haul the boy and his sled to field or orchard and back with its little load of sweet potatoes or ap- ples. The labor and struggle of life, as such a boy grows old and gray in a city, is lightened by the recollection of youthful and wholesome pleasures, and by such memories he is made stronger and better fitted to do well the work which falls to his lot in life. The State is giving to our delinquent boys but poor "parental care" when it shuts them up in a city Bridewell. Fourth — The John Worthy school is wholly inadequate. Its capacity is for from 250 to 300 boys, while there are rarely less than 325 to 350 within its walls, so that it is impossible to keep a boy there long enough to get a "good result," as the surgeons say. Those who have been there a few months mu.st be discharged to give place to others. I have many times said these boys are to be made over. All of us are creatures of habit, and these delinquent boys are made up of bad habits. Such habits grow luxuriantly in any soil. The boy's nature is the soil in which they thrive best. If these boys are to be saved, they must be kept in charge and under helpful and good influences for such a length of time as will suffice for the destruction of the bad habits, the planting of good habits in their place, and their development into char- acter. They should be kept away from polluting and debasing associations with drunken and vicious parents and companions for a period sufficiently long to build up in them characters that will make them loath the life and the companions they have been rescued from. This can not be done in the John Worthy school, or in any prison. Fifth — The State outside of Cook county is in greater need of a proper "Home for Delinquent Boys" than is Chicago. Chicago at least has the John Worthy school, but the rest of the State has only jails, police stations and workhouses. The best statistics obtainable show that only about half of the delinquent boys are found in Cook county. The juvenile court law applies to all of the State. It is just as much a violation of the law to commit a boy under 12 years of age to jail in Alexander county as it is in Cook. The offi- cer of the law, be he judge, sheriff or jailor, who violates this law is a law- breaker just as truly as is the man or boy who robs a till or steals a horse. The law plainly intended that there should be a "State Institution" for the care of these delinquent boys. It refers to a "State institution, which may be established for the care of delinquent boys." Professor N. W. McLain, whose profound consideration and large expe- rience has been such as to render him rarely qualified to speak authorita- tively on the subject, in an article entitled "What Chicago Most Needs," has well outlined the kind of school needed for this work. I quote from his sentences: "In a general way it may be said that the best place to bring up a boy is in a comfortable , well ordered rural home, in which home influence and 224 training are supplemented by the special education and training given in a modern rural school. The rural institute, in which scores, and even hun- dreds of buys may be trained at the least cost, is the best substitute for the modern rural home. "Manual training, when broadened into comprehensive well-balanced cur- riculum, including technical and practical instruction and training in modern methods in agriculture, horticulture, the various branches of animal hus- bandry, dairy and creamery work, etc., etc., will create a respect and a de- sire for an intelligent appreciation of the advantages of rural life, and will have a tendency to check urban growth, one of the most striking and alarm- ing features of our modern civilization. "The experience of the writer, formerly director of one of the most suc- cessful State schools of agriculture, convinces him of the wisdom and feasi- bility of a plan which provides for the removal of delinquent and homeless boys from the streets of the city, and placing them in a rural institute, where under home influence and restraint they may be given a good English edu- cation, together with such technical and practical education and training in modern husbandry as will qualify them for expert service as agriculturists, stock breeders and feeders, dairy and creamery men, etc., and for intelligent leadership in rural communities. "This plan contemplates the purchase of * * * good land within 26 miles of the city, favorably located as to healthfulness and convenience to a station on a railway affording easy communication with the city. Experience has shown that the cottage plan or dormitory, in which 25 or 30 boys live as a family, presided over by a teacher, and under the care of a matron, with one centrally located dining room and kitchen, possesses advantages such as warrant its adoption. "In addition to the buildings required for recitation rooms, laboratories, library, assembly room and director's residence, barns should be provided for all kinds of domestic animals, for the horses used in cultivating the land and in harvesting the crops, for the cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry used in teaching and illustrating the principles and practice in breeding and feeding and in dairy and creamery work. There should be a thoroughly equipped creamery in which boys may be taught how to make butter and cheese by the modern methods. A greenhouse should be built for practice in propa- gating, budding and grafting, and for the study of plant growth. Poultry houses would be needed for keeping fowls for purposes of instruction, and also as a source of food supply. A carpenter shop should form a part of the educational equipment, in which the boys should be given a course in manual training, such as is needed to make them skillful in the use of tools when making repairs or convenient fixtures and labor-saving devices. "This plan for a rural institute provides not only for giving the boys a good English course in reading, writing, arithmetic, geographj'. history, English composition, chemistry, elementary botany, physics, civics, etc., but also provides for a thorough course of instruction in the various branches of rural art, and the course of industrial training is so arranged that actual practice keeps pace with the technical instruction in every line of study. "In the department of general agriculture the boys should be taught how to prepare the soil and plant the seeds, how to till and harvest the crops, about the quality and adaptaljility of soils, the rotation of crops, about how to drain the land, the quality and application of fertilizers, the use and care of all kinds of agricultural implements and machinery, etc. "In the horticultural department the boys should be taught the planting, budding, grafting, pruning and care of trees and vines, the right kind of soil, location and exposure for the different kinds of fruit trees, vines and shrubs; the «tudy of injurious insects and the making and application of in- secticides, something of landscaping and vegetable gardening, together with the propagation of plants and flowers and the practical features of green- house work, etc. "In the department of animal husbandry the boys should be taught the origin and history of the different breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, swine and 225 fowls, the application of the principles of heredity in breeding^ animals for draft, for speed, for beef or for producing milk, for great size or for early maturity, for producing the most and best mutton or wool, the successful crossing of different breeds, the fixing and intensifying of ancestral traits and characteristics, etc., together with compounding rations for work ani- mals, or for making growth or fat, or for producing milk. "In the veterinary department; study of the anatomy and physiology of domestic animals, the sanitary arrangement of stables, together with the study of nature, treatment and remedies for the common diseases of domestic animals, etc. "In the dairy department the boys should be taught to milk and how to care for milk, testing milk and cream, the technical and practical features of butter and cheesemaking, the care and use of dairy and creamery machinery used in making butter and cheese by all modern methods, how to judge the quality of dairy products and prepare the same for market. "In the mannual training, learning to draw plans for ordinary farm build- ings and estimating the cost, sufficient practice with tools to be able to build an addition to a plain house or barn, to make repairs and to make and hang a gate, etc. "The experience of the writer proves that the school life and duties in such a rural institute are very fascinating to boys, and this plan for making their school life educative and their education life-like, contains the secret of how irrepressible, inquisitive, imitative boys may be led into the habit of being men." To enact the juvenile court law and not to provide for such an institution is as illogical as if a State should enact a criminal code and provide that offenses should be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary of the State, and make no provision for the establishment, maintenance and care of a penitentiary; as if it should provide that insane persons should be sent to a State asylum for the insane, but do nothing towards the erection of one; as if it should declare that the deaf and dumb and the blind should be cared for in asylums and hospitals, but make no provision for the establishment and maintenance thereof. The last legislature was urged to establish this absolutely essential "State institution for the care of delinquent boys," and it did make a beginning. An act entitled, "An act to Establish a Home for Delinquent Boys" was passed, which declared: "There shall be established as hereinafter provided a State home for delinquent boys." Twenty- five thousand dollars was ap- propriated for buildings and improvements; $5,000 for furnishing, including books, and $5,000 for maintenance, including clothing, supplies and food. It was confidently asserted by those who were active in the advocacy of this measure, basing their belief upon personal assurances given by men of wealth in Chicago, that if they were permitted to exercise an influence in the management of such a home by a provision that two of the five trustees should bo appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of those who had contributed means to the purchase of a site, and the erection of buildings, that enough money could be quickly raised in Chicago to at once give the State, without cost to the general public, an adequate site within 25 to 30 miles of Chicago, and all needed buildings. I regret to say that through the mistaken view as to the law, as I view it, upon the part of the legislators or some of them, it was thought that it would not be lawful to require the Governor to appoint any trustees upon such rec- ommendations of the donors to the institution. For my part I can see no greater objection to such a provision than there is to the plan which prevails in the appointment of justices of the peace in Chicago. The Governor is re- quired to appoint these upon the recommendation of the judges of the courts of record in Cook county. —15 C. 226 The ehauge made in the draft giving to the Governor the power to appoint all of the trustees, and this without regard to the recommendation and wishes of those who have contributed large sums to the enterprise, has made it thus far impossible to obtain donations of land or money. If this position is ad- hered to, then the State must assume the whole burden, purchase the site and erect the necessary buildings. The institution must be established, or Illinois bear the reproach of having inaugurated a great and needed reform, and then for a mere pecuniary reason, abandoning it. I have confidence in the men who will occupy seats in the next General As- sembly, in their State pride, in their humanity and good sense (which will satisfy any sane man that it is cheaper to care for a boy from one to three or four years than it is to hunt down, arrest and care for a matured criminal), that they will respond to the call made upon them and will make an appro- priation large enough to establish as it should be established "The State Home for Delinquent Boys." Let us all work to that end. Now, what can you do? The State has passed a law. If it shall be that we are not able to raise the money by these voluntary contributions, then we want the State of Illinois to pass a law at the next session of the General As- sembly establishing this institution and appropriating enough money for the purpose of making it the home it should be. What can you do? You can help create public sentiment in favor of this home. Every man and woman in this church can help create this sentiment. You can, if this measure com- mends itself to your conscience, talk to your members of the legislature about it. You can say we want this institution established; you can ask them to take hold of the matter when the bill is presented in the legislature and give the needed money. This is not taking care of insane persons; it is not taking care of feeble- minded children, and is not for the purpose of supporting criminals. It is for the purpose of saving citizens. Every boy saved is worth, I was going to say, his weight in gold. 1 always take pleasure in talking to business men about this proposition and telling them what I think can be done. I heard Mr. Nebeker, who is in charge of the Glen Mills school, in Pennsylvania, talk upon this subject. That school has been established for 50 years. At a meeting of the Com- mercial club in Chicago, not long ago, Mr. Nebeker was present and I asked him to tell the business men there assembled what he had been able to do for the boys in his school. I asked him if he had any statistics that would justify him in saying what proportion of the boys have been saved. He said the question of keeping statistics had been a part of the work of the school ever since his connection with it and that they were very complete. Now, what do you think he said of those boys? I can hardly realize, now. Mr. Nebeker is a truthful man, splendid character and education, and stands as high as any man I know of in integrity and everything that goes to make i\p a good man. What do j'ou think his answer was? It was that 93 per cent of the boys who have been in that school turned out to be good men. Mr. Allison, of the school in Ohio, made the same answer. I can not help thinking they have over estimated these percentages, because they seem too great. If 80 per cent of these boys can be made into good citizens, is it not about tiuio we tried to save them? Is it not common Christianity? We pro- fess to be christians; we believe in Christianity. We profess to follow the teachings of the lowly Nazarene, and yet we stand here and see these little boys going to destruction. You may ask, what about the girls? We have pretty good facilities for taking care of the girls. We have an institution of long standing that is do- ing a great work, where the little Catholic girls are sent — the Jlouse of the Good Shepherd, a beautifully named institution; we have tlip Illinois Indus- trial School for Girls, where excellent work is being done; we have the House of Refuge, which is also doing splendid work, and we have a State institution, one of the best in the Uniteu States, managed by a woman who has not only 227 experience, but has rare judgment and good sense and produces splendid results. I refer to the State home at Geneva, presided over by my friend, Mrs. Amigh. It is doing a great work and we want an institution like the Geneva home for the boys. It seems to me that there ought to be no further appeal than to present the matter to intelligent men and women. Mr. Hart — I would like to offer the following resolution as a text for the discussion of this question: Resolved, That the Illinois State Conference of Charities hails the establish- ment of the State Home for Delinquent Boys by the legislature of 1901, as a great forward step and a fitting supplement to the admirable juvenile court law of 1899. Resolved, That we heartily commend the selection by the Governor of Hon- orable Uichard S. Tuthill, Elbridge G. Keith and B. T. Sunny, as trustees of the State Home for Delinquent Boys. Resolved, That we earnestly hope that the home can be so organized as to secure the gifts proposed by generous citizens of Chicago. Resolved, That in case these gifts should fail, we earnestly hope that the legislature of 1903 will provide the means for the immediate enlargement of the new home to a capacity of 400 boys, in order to provide adequately for the young boys who are sent to the John Worthy school and the Pontiac reformatory. Mr. LaMonte — We have with us tonight a distinguished citizen of Illinois, one of the circuit judges of our State. I refer to the Hon- orable W. G. Cochran, of Sullivan. I think Judge Cochran is able to discuss this question intelligently. The President — Will Judge Cochran please come forward? Honorable W. G. Cochran — Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — I am wholly unprepared to say anything to you except that which may come to me as 1 proceed. I am very much interested in the question that has been pre- sented to you by Judge Tuthill. I have had some of the same experience with boys when they are brought before me. In the counties in which I hold court we have no place to which we can send the boys of that age. unless we put them in charge of some one who will look after them and see that they are properly taken care of. I have taken the "bits in my teeth" in a few in- stances and have appointed custodians. I have in mind one case where the boy was taken out of jail and given into the care of a farmer whom I knew very well and who agreed to take care of him. The case is still on the docket aud before the expiration of my term if I see that I am not going to be re- elected I will dismiss the suit and leave the boy in the custody of the farmer. I also had another case where the offender was given to a farmer to look after. In both instances the boys have been well cared for. This home that Judge Tuthill has spoken to you about is a long-felt want in the State of Illinois. The plan suggested by the bill passed, with some changes, would be, in my judgment, a great forward step. If we look at it from a financial standpoint, we can very quickly figure out that it would be cheaper to take care of a boy for ten years in a home of this kind than to sup- port him one-half of his life in a penitentiary. The history of this State fur- nishes the case of one man, who from the time he was 20 years old until he reached the age of 60, had been sent to the penitentiary seven times. There are quite a number of men who have been sent to the penitentiary frequently. I have sent several to the penitentiary who had been sent twice before. Aside from the expense, however, we ought to try to save the boys. The people who are interested in the work of public charities can do more in this direc- tion than any other class of people that I know of. Some one said years ago that "the world stands aside for the men and women who know where they are going and what they are going to do." I think that is true. If there is anybody in this world who knows what he is doing, it is the man or woman who is trying to save these young people. 228 At present, we have no place to which we can send these boys. To put them in jail is a crime in itself — absolutely a crime. It may not be a lepal crime, but it is a moral crime. It is impossible, with the facilities at the reformatory, to prevent the boys from communicating with each other and teaching the vicious habits they have acquired on the streets. I repeat that such an institution as it is proposed to establish is simply a necessity in this State. I do not know of anybody who would oppose it if rightly presented. I think the members of the legislature, if the question was properly presented, would take hold of it at once. The home ought to be in the country in a good fertile region. There is no companion for a boy that is better than the black soil of Illinois. He will not learn anything bad from the soil of this State, but every aspiration will be a good one and will finally make a man of him. We had some discussion this afternoon about the supervision by the State of children who are put in homes. I am very much opposed to supervision. I have been helping people for a long time in that direction. My people, when they get a child, do not want it to know but what it is their own child. There is always a good woman in every locality who looks after the orphans and is pretty sure to make a fuss about it if she finds that any of them are being mistreated. In the first place you must be satisfied that you are getting a good home for the child. I am connected with the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Normal, and we have found homes for quite a number of the children jip there. 1 find that the people who have taken these children have become very much attached to them, and the children, too, have become attached to the people. Some 30 or 40, perhaps more, are nicely situated in good homes. This is a great work that this organization and other charitable organizations ought to be engaged in. These institutions are a good deal better than the streets, but there is nothing like a good home. When we get into this subject, it is so large, there is so much in it, that it seems almost impossible for us to fathom it in a short length of time. The trouble is that we get too much theory. What we want is something practi- cal; something you can take hold of just like you were going to manage a business enterprise and can demonstrate that you are doing something. 1 was greatly impressed by what Judge Tuthill said concerning the large number of good boys that have been turned out of these schools referred to by him. If they can make the percentage reported, all of us ought to have been taken to some such school. [Laughter.] I was thinking the other day about the class that 1 belonged to in school. There were 20 of us and 92 per cent made first-class men. The class of boys that we want to reach through the means of an institu- tion as suggested by Judge Tuthill, are going to destruction just as fast as they can go. They are the boys we will be sending to the penitentiaries as time goes on and something must be done for them. My plan is to buy a section of land on which to locate this home; $05,000 will buy a good farm, and what is that to the State of Illinois? If you cau save 65 boys, $1,000 each would not be anything. It has been said that a good boy is worth his weight in gold. If they are not saved they will cost the people several times their weight in gold. [Applause.] These boys are here and will continue to be in our midst. Everybody wants them taken care of and nobody cares for the expense. The best thing that any man who is Gov- ernor of this State can do is to see that the charitable institutions are well managed and that the wards of the State are humanely administered to. If I was Governor of the State and there was a single man connected with any of these institution that did not attend strictly to his duties, I would cut his head off in a minute. [Applause.] I wouldn't care a cent who he was. But 1 do not know whether I want to be Governor or not. 1 want to go to Heaven and if I was Governor I might not be able to carry my township for that place. [Continued laughter.] 229 I like to talk on this subject, I would quit my meal almost any time to make a Grand Army speech or talk upon the subject of charity. 1 love the institution at Normal. I like to look upon the bright faces of the 400 boys and girls we have up there. I rejoice to know that this great State of Illinois, the State of Lincoln and Grant and tens of thousands of brave, loyal men, is caring for the sons and daughters of men that saved this country from de- struction. But there are other boys who must be taken care of as well. If they are not saved now, they will keep on increasing until they become so numerous in the State of Illinois that we will have to build more peniten- tiaries. We had better build almshouses than penal institutions. They are more creditable to the people. There is more of an educational advantage in them and they will do more for the betterment of the people than all the peni- lentiaries that can be erected. Would not it be a grand thing to have a home in this State such as the Judge has pictured? Now, ladies and gentlemen of the conference, you have come here for a purpose; you have come here to hear these matters discussed and to get some thoughts to take home with you. Now go home and tell your member of the legislature if he does not vote for this home and vote all that is necessary, that he will never get another chance to go back to the legislature. You can scare a member of the legislature quicker that way than by any other means on earth. [Laughter.] What is $250,000 to the State of Illinois the way times are now? Why, it does not amount to anything. There is no place to put the money we have. Then why not use it for some good purpose; let us do something with it. God has given it to us for a good purpose. If we spend it for penitentiaries and reformatories instead of spending it for charitable institutions, designed for elevating humanity, we will have to account for it some day. Now is the time to act in these matters; this is the day of our opportunity. We have the knowledge and the means. Then why not use them in the right direction? Do you know how much power there is in a boy of strong heart, body and will? He is full of life, and if you do not give him the opportunity of being good, the probabilities are that he will fall in with evil associates and become a "boy of the streets." The question was discussed this afternoon of taking these children out of homes. Now, who is going to decide that question. Let me say in this con- nection that it is not in the most beautiful residences and upon the most fashionable streets that the best homes are found in this country. A man in Tuscola has built him a log house in town. When asked concerning it, he replied that he had a boy and wanted him to be president of the United States and was going to start him the right way. Where you find a boy that knows his father, there you will find a home in the true sense of the word. There must be a good acquaintance between the father and son, and the sooner this intimate acquaintance is formed, the better for both. The farmers throughout this State are making a great mistake in not getting acquainted with their sons. The result is that the boys go to the cities to get acquainted with the bartenders. I would not give a cent for a boy that did not want a chum. We had them in the army. [Laughter.] The thought I want to impress upon you is that homes should be made for the boys who have none. If homes are not provided for them, if they are not given the right start in life, they will take the wrong road and goto moral destruction. The school house can do a great deal in the way of train- ing these bad boys in the right direction. The real bad ones are those who do not attend school. My daughter has employed a little boy to do the chores around the house when I am away. His name is Grover, The other day my daughter said to him, "Grover, do you go to school?" His reply was. "I went about two weeks last winter, but have not gone any this year. There a good deal going on on the streets and I do not want to miss anything." In a few years I will have to send that boy to the reformatory at P9ntiac. You do not know what an influence good people exert over these children. Children like to be loved just as well as old people. They want somebody to love and caress them and take an interest in their affairs. I feel that I have taken up enough of your time and will close by thanking you very much for your attention. [Continued applause.] 230 The President— I want to emphasize the point broupht out by Judpe Cochran on the question of the influence that any one pernon can exert. It may be necessary to po to the legislature for an apprcpri.ition to get this home. Now, every person in this room can exert a strong inliuence. When our Juvenile Court law was passed, if it at not been for the in- fluence of certain persons and their willingness to work in its interest, I doubt very much if it would have been enforced. I cite this to show the influence that any one person can exert if put to the test. Mrs. Lucy L. Flower, of Chicago— I would like tosavaword. The law pro- vides for the establishment of this home for boys, if land shall be donated. It is not necessary that the home be lucated in any particular part of the State and 1 do not want it understood that any part of the State is barred from offering the land for this purpose. The bill also provides for other donations. We would be very glad if any town or section would come for- ward with the offer to build a cottage on the grounds. The President — Statistics shovs' that 55 per cent of the boys com- mitted to the Pontiac reformatory come from outside of Cook county. The State at large would be more benefitted by the establishment of this home than would Cook county. I notice that Mrs. Amigh is with us tonight. I am sure we would all be interested in hearing from her. Mrs. Ophelia L. Amigh, of Geneva — In our institution, which was formerly known as the State Home for Juvenile Female Offenders, but which is now the State Training School for girls, two-thirds of our inmates were sent to us from Chicago. I do not beleive, however, that this will be the case a year from now, since the other counties of the State are becoming aware of our schools and are commencing to send in the girls much more rapidly. The outside counties have sent in more than Cook county during the last few months. We are so crowded that we hardly know where to put the girls that are being sent to us. We aim to make the surroundings in our school just as near home-like as possible, but we are so crowded that we can not do as well as we would like. In this connection I want to say to Judge Tuthill that the cottages at this proposed home for boys should have a capacity not to exceed twenty. You can do much better work where you have small cottages. In speaking about country life, I want to say that the only plan, the only way for saving these boys and girls is to get them away from the large cities. We want it understood that every girl sent to us means one more good woman in time to come, in nearly every case. We do not pretend to save all of them, but we know that we can save 75 per cent. Over 50 of our girls have married since they left our school, and, strange to say, all except three have made good marriages. Some of them are models in their homes. We feel just as anxious about this proposed home for boys as we do about our girls. I have seen Judge Tuthill many times when these little boys are rought before him. He did not want to send them to the John Worthy school, he did not want to release them to return to their bad associates, and did not know what to do with tht in. If we could have a home to which they could be sent, much good would be accomplished throughout the entire State. I attended the Indiana State Conference last week and was very much in- terested in a story one of the speakers told concerning a very small and a very bad boy. The boy's first offense was stealing 65 cents. He was too young to be committed to any reformatory institution, the result being that he was sent back home. It was not long until he stole $2. Again it was the same old story and he was released. In a short time he committed another offense and this time it was the theft of $8. Now. it seems to me no matter how small that boy w^as when he had learned to steal, that he should have been taken off the streets and placed in some home for boys and not left to run at large until he had learned everything that was bad. This is being done, 1 presume, all over the state of Indiana, and all over the State of 231 Illinois as well. I know in some cases that our girls Were kept in jails for six months before they were sent to us. I am confident that if this proposition could be brought squareb' to the at- tention of the good people of this State they would not hesitate long in see- ing that these neglected boys are properly cared for. The President — Previous to the enactment of the juvenile court law, 95 per cent of the boys that went through the police courts were lost. The first year's statistics of the juvenile court shows that 88 per cent of the boys that were brought before it never gave the court any further trouble and were never brought before it a second time. Mr. John J. Sloan, superintendent of the John Worthy school, is in the room. Mr. Sloan has probably had as much experience with the class of boys we are talking about tonight as any man in the State. I am sure the conference, although it is getting late, would like to hear what Mr. Sloan has to say about these boys. Mr. John P. Sloan, Superintendent John Worthy School, Chicago — The complete and masterful manner in which his honor. Judge Tuthill, has pre- sented the question under discussion, renders it unnecessary for me to say aue'ht, as I thoroughly agree with him in his statements and deductions. Any of you who have visited the John Worthy school and have seen my 350 boys confined within the limits of a two-acre lot, covered with buildings poorly adapted for their use, will realize the urgent necessity for this projected State School. The average length of time our boys remain in the school is only four months. What can you expect to accomplish in that limited time with a boy who for years has led the wild life of the street in the crowded districts of a large city, without education, discipline or moral training? Our statistics show that 65 per cent of our boys are from the third grade and down of the public schools, a large number of them being 15 and 16 years of age and not knowing their letters. Social conditions are shown by the fact that 60 per cent of them either have no parents or have a step parent. The interest of parents, friends or relatives in the boys in my charge is shown by our visiting list. The boys are now permitted to see visitors every two weeks instead of every 30 days, as formerly. It is a remarkable fact that over half of them never receive a visit and only 10 per cent receive visits at regular intervals. The temporary detention of a few weeks or months, as the case may be, in many instances only aggravates their desire to return to their former environments and nullifies what little good may have been accomplished during their stay. As a result they lapse into wrongdoing, perhaps of a graver nature and are recommitted. Under present conditions this cannot be changed. The number of boys coming up for trial in the juvenile court ren- ders it necessary that they be sent somewhere and room must be made in our school, which is the only available place, by paroling those who have been there a short time. It is a hopeful work, the results of which are gratifying, even under dis- couraging conditions. Our records show that in two years the school has been in operation, only 12 per cent have been recommitted as against 44 per cent in the main institution, where the adults are confined. If amongst those who have arrived at manhood and are presumed to have common sense and a knowledge of the law, the results of a penal system show 44 per cent of re- commitments, which, by the way, is in striking contrast to 15 years ago, when the recommitments in our large city prison showed 75 per cent, what must be said in favor of an educational policy, and how encouraging it must be, when only 12 per cent are recommitted. Environments, which are responsibleforpractically all of our commitments, should be completely changed, and for a period sufficiently long to wean the boy away from former influences and to instill new thoughts and ideas into his mind. The conditions of life in our large cities today, the temptations that surround our boys on all sides, many of them with crude ideas of law 232 and the riprhts of property, and with parents in many instances, who are only parents in name, demand a place where the erring or delinquent boy can be sent and given a change in environment. From the crowded slum-life of a noisy, disorderly settlement, where 70 per cent of the population is of foreign parentage, these boys should be sent to the open country, with a regular methodical existence and a training and education which will develop and promote regular habits of industry. Such a course will bring forth their bet- ter nature and latent abilities, so that they may grow into useful, self-respect- ing and independent citizens. Tlie Presideut — Are there any others who would like to say a word upon the subject? Prof. M. B. Hammond, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Illinois — I find myself in hearty agreement with the conclusions expressed by Judge Tuthill in his admirable paper, as well as in the discussions which have followed its presentation. It is unfortunate that in any instance, young chil- dren have to be taken away from their homes and brought up in the atmos- phere of an institution, and the tendency is undoubtedly strong in America to make much less use of the institution for all classes of able-bodied des- cendants and delinquents than formerly. Morrison, in his work on "juvenile offenders," goes so far as to state that the discipline of an inferior home is always better than that of an institution. However that may be, there are undoubtedly cases where the home is so bad that it would be fatal to leave the child in it, and in such cases an institution like that described by Judge Tuthill seems the best, if not the only, alternative. A question still remains in my mind, however, as to whether the plan which has just been outlined goes far enough. The work of the school which Judge Tuthill would have established, is confined entirely to the various branches of agriculture. As a method for furnishing agricultural training the plan is certainly ambitious. I doubt whether there are many here who appreciate just how ambitious it is. The school described by Professor McLain, in the article Quoted by Judge Tuthill, corresponds roughly, so far as the extent of the work goes, to the College of Agriculture in our State University. It would probably take some 15 or IG years to complete the studies which have been suggested, provided they were given with the same degree of intensity as they are in the agricultural department of the university. Even then, it is doubtful if the work would meet the demands of the majority of the inmates in a home for juvenile delinquents. Whatever may be said about the advan- tages of farm life for the youth of our land, and however much it may be re- gretted that young men and young women are leaving the farm and flocking to the cities, there can be no doubt that the movement cityward will con- tinue, just so long as improvements in the methods of agriculture make it possible for a constantly decreasing percentage of the population to furnish the food and raw materials required by the rest of mankind. Under such circumstances it is doubtful if the boy who had been turned out from such a home as has been described, and was left to find employment in agriculture, would be able to do so, especially when it is remembered that it is every year becoming more difficult for agricultural laborers to find steady and remunerative employment throughout the year. There is great danger that many who had left the home, unable to find employment in agricultural callings, would drift back to the city and not finding there an opportunity to make use of the technical training secured in the institution, would become discouraged and resume their old criminal associations and occupations. In order to make the work of such a school practicable, it is desirable, it seems to me, to have it include attaining for other industrial callings than agricul- ture. A further point demands attention. Is our work of saving the juvenile delinquent to cease when we have given him an industrial or agricultural education? What is to become of him, may wo not ask, when be has left the homo and the institution has ceased to furnish him employment and pro- tection? To turn him adrift would, it seems to me, vitiate the work already done in the institution. Prison officials tell us that the most trying, as well as 233 the most dangerous period in the life of the convict is the moment he leaves the prison and is compelled to rely on his own resources and the chance of finding employment. While the same stigma might not attach itself to the inmate of an institution for the training of delinquent children, as attaches itself to the prison convict, the age of the juvenile delinquent makes it more probable that he will be exposed to the influences of the old life than in the case of the released convict. Ultimately, it is true, he will have to rely on his own wits and resources for making headway in the industrial world, but it seems unwise for society to withdraw its guardianship the moment the youth leaves the institution where he has received his industrial training. In the case of the Elmira reformatory, it is well known that no inmate is allowed to leave the institution until work has been found for him. Possibly it may not be wise or expedient to make the same rule apply in the case of a training- school for juvenile delinquents as exist at Elmira, but certainly nothing short of the requirement now made by Sec. 12 of the "Act to Regulate the Treat- ment and Control of Dependent, Neglected and Delinquent Children", which at present seems to apply only to the Pontiac and Geneva reformatories, will suffice. It is a question whether even more might be done to guard the boys after they leave the home. The President — We are glad to hear from Professor Hammond. Are there any others? Miss Sarah Montgomery, Probation Officer, Springfield — I wish to say, briefly, that such a home as suggested by Judge Tuthill is certainly badly needed. Its establishment would result in the saving of a large percentage of boys who are now going to destruction. Honorable W. P. Early, County Judge, Madison County — I shall not detain you with any speech on this subject. My experience and observation have been such that I am convinced nothing is needed so greatly in this State as a home for boys. It is of the greatest necessity. Dr. J, C. Gordon — I should like to know how these successful schools referred to by Judge Tuthill were founded. Were they founded by the states or by private beneficence? Mr. Hart — In the east, quite a number of them were established originally by private funds. In the western and central states nearly all of them are strictly public institutions and are maintained by public funds. Doctor Gordon— It strikes me that this is a magnificent opportunity for private beneficence. There are many persons in this State who could bear alone the burdens of the establishment of such a home. If anyone should be so moved as to place this grand institution upon a certain foundation it would be the grandest monument that could be erected to his memory. I think it would be just as well to drop out the allusion to possible State aid and make a more pointed appeal to private beneficence. Judge Tuthill — I want this conference to sanction the movement for the establishment of this home. Such action will not interfere in the least with any private subscriptions. We shall continue in our efforts to raise money until the legislature meets. What we want is the endorsement of our plans by this body. Such an endorsement will have a good effect upon these gen- tlemen who are now looking upon our proposition with favor. The resolution offered by Mr. Hart was then adopted without fur- ther discussion. The President — Before we adjourn, announcement should be made of the committee on resolutions. The chair will appoint on this committee Mrs. Victoria Richardson, Mr. John J. Sloan and Rev- erend A. C. Dodds. The Conference then adjourned until the following morning at 9:00 o'clock. 234 Second Day— Thursday, October 24. The Conference aseembled at 9:00 o'clock a. m. The President— The general subject for discussion this morning is co-operation between public and private charity. Mr. Howard Humphreys, president of the Bloomiugton Bureau of Associated Charities, will open the program with a paper upon this subject. We will now hear from Mr. Humphreys: Co-orERATiON Between Public and Private Charities. (By Howard Humphreys. President Bloomington Bureau Associated Charities.) To those who accept the opinion of so eminent an authority as Herbert Spencer, who in his latest work states as a fact, that there is no direction in which human ingfenuity has been more exerted, than in the endeavor to ame- liorate the condition of the poor, and that there is certainly none in which it has .so completely failed, it must be admitted that the prospect for improving existiug conditions is discouraging, yet, it is probably true, that there are many hopeful humanitarians, who are undaunted by the diflSculties, which they believe and hope must be ultimately overcome. Is there any basis for this hope? The world is dotted with magnificent monuments, evidences of the capacity and successful accomplishment of the race. Every generation builds for posterity what it can enjoy but a short time. At the present day, no material undertaking seems too stupendous for the genius of the age. If the same skill, intelligence and determination were employed in upbuilding the social state, a more beneficient heritage would be bequeathed to posterity than any material monuments we can leave for it. In an era presenting such wonderful changes and great possibilities we cannot look far into the future; but, in the hght of the present, there can be but one view amongst all who have given serious, or even cursory study to the subject of dispensing private aid, or furnishing relief, to the unfortunate ones; namely, that the benefits are much greater, and the harmful effects much less, when siieh purposes are accompHshed through the trained admin- istration of associated, or charity organizations, societies conducted in the ways prescribed by the National Conference of Charities, or any form of co- operation of all the forces, acting along scientific, or common sense lines. It is needless to repeat or itemize the evils resulting from old methods of dis- pensing aid, and it is unnecessary to review the benefits brought into this work by the trained, systematic, and scientific methods which the best modern thought has developed. Platitudes are not needed to emphasize that fact; for all who have taken any pains to thiuk or study the subject, are, without this, convinced not only of its great advantage, but, speaking gener- ally, that it is positively necessary to accomplish permanent good. If such organization has been demonstrated to bo needful and right in the administration of private charities, it certainly suggests, that, if all the workers in this field, both those who engage in it from motives of supposed philanthrophy, and the representatives of the State, could fully unite and co-operate in working along prescribed lines, scientifically and systeinatically — first in seeking to know the true causes of existing evils, and adopting such methods as would lessen such causes and their effects, there might be hope of ultimately annihilating the causes themselves. Charity work Is commonly divided into two classes, public charities, which are considered to be, "the institutions or agencies which are entirely con- trolled by the State in all its branches, Federal, State, county or municipal;" and private charities, by which we understand "those, that in that inanago- meut, are independent "of thtj authority of the State and use funds otherwise obtained than by ta.xation." Both of these branches have their limitations, and each may be credited with excelling in some features ot the work in which the other is deficient. 235 Of public charities it is generally considered that the work must necessarily be of a too impersonal and mechanical nature; that there is less sympathy and kindness on the part of the benefactor, and consequently lack of {grati- tude on the part of the beneficiary; that in a distribution of public funds there is a disposition to claim relief as a right, engendering the impression that there is a large source from which limitless supplies may be drawn without cost or injury to any one; that in the adminstration of such public funds there is too apt to be a pronounced officialism, inconsistent with the act itself; that the burdens of taxation may be unjustly laid, and a hard working class be too heavily burdened to support in idleness the class next below; and pro- bably a more important consideration than all of these, is the fact that under existing conditions, past party service is apt to be considered rather than the general fitness of those who are selected to administer and disburse the funds of the State, and that such funds may be used to continue in the office the one who misuses them. Of the limitation of private charaties, it may be said that the funds needed to properly administer them are frequently inadequate; that at best, they are of an irregular nature, and will naturally diminish in times of stringency, when they should be increased; that there is frequently a harmful effect from the publicity made of donations for the purpose of inducing others to give, and from any other forms of sensationalism resorted to obtain contributions; that there is also a lack of publicity which would expose faults, errors and deficiencies; that there is a lack of stability rendering them less fit for the administration of large funds, and is undertaking the large kinds of work, which must cover a considerable period of time: that there is also an inequa- lity in providing the funds, where taxation imposes equal burdens on the gen- erous and the stingy, and probably the greatest danger of this kind of work is the ignorant philanthropic experiments so apt to be practiced with the most harmless resultant effects. It may readily be seen that in many cases, public '.charities lack what pri- vate charities can supply, and that private charities directed, and, if neces- sary, restrained by an accepted authority having a legal status may have their needs and deficiencies supplied, both of which can be accomplished by a cooperation, a working with and together of public and private charities. We have an example of the effects of the cooperation of public and private charities in the administration of the city and county almshouses, hospitals, and all out door relief of St. Paul, Minnesota. A non-political board of con- trol has charge of the distribution of all such funds, and the associated char- ities are employed to investigate the condition of every applicant for public relief and to reinvestigate as often as is needful. The board on its part, by giving or refusing to give, according to the advice of the associated charities in any particular case, cooperates with all the affiliated societies of that local- ity, and by this co-operation the difficulties are effectually reduced and the benefits obviously increased. A principal objection to public relief is here removed since by the method of its appointment, the acts of the board are out of politics, and it is a matter of note that the occasional applications made through public officials receive the same treatment that is accorded to any other applications. In the contention against pauperism it is seen that a very weak fight has been made by public and private charities, as might in actual warfare be the case if the regulars and the militia were commanded by different generals, with no definite connection whatsoever between the forces; where many of the officers per necessity or choice, must issue their own orders and adopt their own tactics, quite independent of the consideration of any other force than that one, with which he was immediatly connected. Failure to an army so organized, must be inevitable against a determined foe. A com- plete mobilization of all the forces contending for one cause, must act with common impulse, following an approved and efficient leadership, toward a common end. If the vast army of charitable workers throughout the State of Illinois would unite, and make all the efforts that are expended in charities, count for their full worth, a great improvement mnst be made upon the pres- ent situation and it is difficult to conceive of any condition where this will be possible until there is a full and complete co-operation between all the forces. 236 The immediate and greatest need of our private oreranized charitable so- cieties is the j^eueral dissemination of knowledge of the scientitic principles which must be employed in so serious an undertakine: as attemptiner to help the poor without effoctinpr greater injury than aid. In the present predica- ment of disorfjani/.ed work in many localities, little or no effort is made to restrict or eliminate the erroneous methods. Who is to be the judjje of what is wronp and what is riphtV Where is there an authority? One of the first effects of the cooperation of all charities would be to establish an authoritative basis, from which such principles should be taught and accepted by those who should know them, and the pfeneral adoption of systematic and scientific methods would follow and effectually arrest thejdireful mistakes from which our "victims of philanthrophy," must suffer. With the cooperation of all charities, all great factors which establish and lead public opinion would be more readily influenced. The public press un- doubtedly would be influenced by the acknowledged establishment of such an organized force, and its widespread influence used to aid its work. Sensa- tional journalism, which so often teaches the criminal how he can most safely and advantageously commit crime, and educates the pauper in the various easy ways he may live without work, would accept a censorship, established by those whose determination to upbuild the social state could be backed by authority, rather than be considered the individual opinion of a crank. The "tramp question" presents most keenly the need of a general co- operation of the forces, both public and private, that contend against a con- tinual nourishment of this class in easy idleness. The "work-test" has proven to be an effectual cure wherever thoroughly tried — but without a cooperation, public charities might establish such tests, and private charities — in the form of an alleged generous individual — will continue to furnish the hand-me-outs, and a thorough trial of its efficiency is impossible. When all charitable organizations cooperate "methods of close observation and patient research will be applied to the solution of this problem of the ages." Facts will be collected, compared and differentiated and at length truth will begin to appear. Then deliberate and thoughtful effort to mold the laws and their administration so as to produce the best attainable ends, will result in their enactment. For as a former president of this conference has said, "Legislators are eager to pass laws of this class, if assured of their real merit and the approval of the intelligent public." The organization of charities throughout the land is as much the spirit of the age as the organization and bringing together of large commercial and industrial forces. Satisfactory results have proved the utility and necessity of such consolidations. The bringing together of public and private charities is a step forward. A step that is not only desirable and expedient, but es- sentially necessary toward ultimate advancement. How shall such a co-operation be best effected? On what grounds shall the movement be inaugurated? What shall be the first steps toward establishing the alliance? I trust this conference will accept, as a serious duty, the task of answering these questions, and in the discussion of the subject that will follow some expedient means should bo suggested to accomplish so desirable an end. Tho President — I notice, by reference to our program, thnt Dr. J. W. Pettit, of Ottawa, is to open the discussion of this very interest- ing subject. I am informed, however, that the Doctor is unable to be here this morning. Prof. Hursh, of Streator, Miss Mary Roberts, of Jacksonville, and Mrs. Ida W. Baker, of Decatur, who were as- signed places on this morning's iDrogram, are also absent. This leaves but three others. After we have heard from these, we will be glad to hear from any one who has a word to say upon this subject. 237 The name of President David Felmley, of the Normal University at Normal, is the next on the program. We will now listen to what Prof. Felmley has to say on this general subject that is before us. It is a general biological law all through the living world that if any indi- vidual or group of individuals succeed in getting a soft berth in the scheme of creation, it soon loses all the qualities that have enabled the form to hold its own in the struggle for existence. The parasite that has discovered how to feed upon the life blood and vital juices of some other form soon degener- ates into a mere sucking tube and egg-sac. Man is no exception to this rule. Just as soon as he is enabled to live upon the labor of others without render- ing adequate service in return he gradually loses the moral, the mental, and the physical qualities that it has cost centuries to develop. The great problem of charity is how to help without pauperizing, without destroying the self- respect and independence that is essential to manhood. In discussing the question of cooperation of public and private charities I shall consider especially that species of charities that is called outdoor relief. As public outdoor relief is now administered in Illinois we find that in a few counties still governed by county commissioners, county overseers of poor are appointed who attend to the disbursement of county funds. Nearly all of these counties are in southern Illinois where the average per capita expendi- ture for outdoor relief is less than 20 cents. In a few counties in the north- eastern part of Illinois, townships take care of their own poor. But in three- fourths of the counties of Illinois public relief is furnished from the county treasury and the disbursement is attended to by the supervisors. The expen- ditures made by the supervisors are in part for temporary relief, such as must be furnished in case of sickness, accident, or death, and in part regular pay- ments that are furnished for a long period to the aged, to widows and orphans, to cripples and hopeless invalids. Regarding the propriety of such public relief to these classes and for these causes, there is little question, providing relief is furnished under proper restrictions. But there has been in recent years an increasing tendency to furnish relief to the able-bodied when out of employment. This relief, first temporary and granted as a favor, comes to be considered as a right. The result is steady pauperization of all who receive aid under these circumstances. In the neighboring state of Indiana, conditions have been much worse. Five years ago in one county in Indiana one-eighth of the population were receiving aid from the public treasury, and in one township in that county one- eighth of the population were on the pauper or semi-pauper list. Nowhere in Illinois are so great funds expended, yet the rapid increase of recent years is alarming. There is a growing fear that this tendency will not be cheeked, so long as the supervisors dispense the poor relief. The best of our super- visors are successful, well equipped business men in their respective com- munities. They have shown skill in private business and are elected by their neighbors to the county board. They serve as chairmen of the committees in that body, and determine its plans and work; but these very activities engross their time. In a rural township where the supervisor knows everybody, with a little inquiry he can judge of the wisdom of furnishing public aid, but in the more populous townships where there is a transient mining or railroad population, who, of all our people, are most likely to need public relief in times of business depression, investigation is needed before any one can determine whether such aid ought to be furnished. The supervisor is too busy to investigate. Then there is a second class of supervisors, well-meaning, good-natured, public- spirited men, against whom no one can say a word; "men that have not an enemy in the world," who, because of their negative qualities are not likely to be defeated at the polls. These seem unable to resist the appeals of the importunate. It seems, too, that in some communities in the State there are supervisors who deliberately use the public poor relief funds to keep themselves in office. In one of the larger cities of the State a supervisor belonging to the minor- ity political party was re-elected year after year although the tax-payers or- 238 panized asrainst him, and all the political machinery of the dominant party was set in motion to defeat him. He continued to be supervisor until death removed him from the scene of his activities. He could not be defeated sim- ply because he promised the indipeiit classes that they should not suffer from want if he were .supervisor. Coal dealers, prrocers, almost every retail trader in the city, supported him because of the generosity with which he paid the bills of their doubtful customers. But even under the best conditions something must be done in the interest of the poor themselves, to see to it that none but the worthy receive aid and then receive it in the form which shall foster rather than destroy their self- respect. In one of the smaller counties of Illinois, where four years ago there were 180 steady pensioners on the public fund, a county agent was employed by the county at a salary of $60 per month. The saving in the poor relief bills the first year was $5,000. The number of pensioners was reduced from 180 to 80, and it is believed that no worthy person suffered. The supervisors con- tinued, as before, to give temporary relief in the case of emergencies, but every application for a monthly allowance was turned over to the county agent for investigation. In most cases he found that either there were friends or relatives who could take care of the applicants, or that they were really able-bodied men and women, who, with a little exertion, could support themselves. During the next year a still further reduction to these cases was effected. In the larger cities of our State the various charitable organizations, to pre- vent imposition and duplication of their work, have found it necessary to unite and employ a superintendent, who shall direct the movements of friendly visitors and endeavor to bring all cases of need to the attention of the people, upon whom the needy have most just claim. Why not co-operation between public and private charities be secvired by making the superintendent of the associated charities the county agent of the board of supervisors? This is certainly practicable in every county which contains but one large center of f»opulation. In the counties containing two or three large towns where help- ess classes gather, a division of territory may properly be made with a county agent in each city. Such an arrangement would probably strengthen private charities by leading them to organize, in order to co-operate more effectively with the public relief ofl&cer. Under these conditions, there is likely to be greater effort to find employment for the poor, to bring the needy to the attention of their friends, to bring the helpless into touch with the kindly disposed who are willing to extend the helping hand than is possible under the officialism that now obtains in the administration of public relief funds. It seems that no special legislation is needed to inaugurate such a movement as has been described. If such legislation be necessary, it seems to me that the preparation of a suitable measure should be undertaken by the State Board of Charities. It certainly occupies a larger place in the pub- lic eye than any commission can have, and recent experience in Illinois is not favorable to the appointment of special commissions to investigate wrong conditions and find means for relief. The President — The next on the program is Miss Sarah Mont- gomery of Springfield. Miss Montgomery is principal of the Teachers' Training school of that city and chief probation officer of the juvenile court of Sangamon county. I take great pleasure in presenting her to this conference. Miss Montgomery — As the president has just stated, I am the chief proba- tion oflBeer of the juvenile court of our county, and as such have taken an active interest in all questions pertaining to the dependent and delinquent classes. I fear what 1 shall say will not be along the line of our morning topic— Co-operation Between Public and Private Charity. I thought possibly some of vou might bo interested in hearing something about our juvenile court an^ I have therefore selected this topic as the subject of my short paper. 239 The Juvenile Court of Sangamon County. (By Sarah L. Montgromory.) The "Juvenile Court of Sangamon County" was established Feb. 7, 1901, with two probation officers for the assistance of the court in the care of such children as should be brought before it. The number of children demanding attention of the court increases so rapidly that four additional officers were appointed, one of whom, through the kindness of the mayor of Springfield, is a police officer. The immediate occasion for the sitting of the court arose from an effort to prevent two school boys being kept in jail to await the action of the grand jury. The boys were guilty of petty larceny and, while deserving punish- ment, were more in need of intelligent care and oversight to keep them off the streets and out of bad company. The old story of neglect by the home and the community, with consequent drifting into the ways of the criminal, was illustrated in the case of these boys. After a hearing in the juvenile court, the boys were placed in the care of a probation officer. At this time one boy is reported as doing well, both at home and in school, and the other has been placed in an industrial school for boys, his board and tuition being paid by a former teacher who was interested in his securing a trial in fair surroundings. This boy had lost his mother, and his father, a drinking man, was not able to give the child the right kind of home, much less guidance and control. Various cases have come before the court, some neglected, some dependent, and some delinquent children. The neglected and dependent children, both girls and boys, have been provided for with comparative ease, considering that the court is absolutely without funds for the prosecution of its work, but it is in the case of delinquent boys that we find our most serious handicap. Many of these boys do not, all the circumstances being known, merit a sentence to the Pontiac reformatory, but are constantly menaced by bad associations and renewed opportunity for wrongdoing, if allowed to go free. A state home for such boys would undoubtedly save them to good and useful citizenship, since it would tide them over the most critical period of their lives, when wholesome surroundings and uplifting influences, together with a reasonable amount of work and study, have most value for the impression- able nature of the growing boy. It is the testimony of all concerned that the juvenile court is accomplishing much good in our county. A surprising and encouraging improvement is noted in the majority of the children under the care of the probation officers. Too much praise and credit can not be given to the county judge, the Honorable G. W. Murray, who in addition to his already onerous duties, de- votes so large a share of his time and thought to the work of the juvenile court, convinced that nothing demanding his attention is of greater im- portance than this work of saving children and preventing crime. We are convinced that parental schools would accomplish much in the pre- ventive work aimed at by the State of Illinois in the juvenile court law. The administration of the law reveals that much of the wrongdoing of boys be- gins in truancy. If this habit of truancy is eradicated, as it undoubtedly is in most cases, by the parental or truant school, by so much is prevented the advancement of degeneracy and crime. A stoppage of waste at this point in the educational system of the State commends itself as most economical and far-reaching, and certainly as a beginning in an intelligent solution of the problem of saving boys. The President — The last paper to be presented upon this subject is by Mr. Chas, A. Love, Secretary of the Charity Council of Aurora. I take much pleasure in presenting Mr. Love to you. Mr. Chas. A. Love— Speaking in general terms, societies and organizations into which people form themselves for the purpose of bringing about social and political reforms, separate and classify people rather than bring the 240 whole people together. Obviously this condition of things is not intended, but the very acts of the inaufjurators of these reforms bring it about. It soon becomes a niatter ot record as to whom are on the inside and all others are on the outside. Those on the inside are busy with their organization and have nothing to do with those on the outside, unless it is to gain, once in a while, a new member. Please look back for a moment at the priest, the Levite and the good Samaritan, in their dealings with the wounded man. The priest and Levite represent organizations for reform. They are each wrapped up in the idea of self-culture and by self-culture the world is to be benefitted. They do not recognize the duty to assist a fellow man when they meet him wounded and distressed by the wayside, or down in the slums of so- ciety, provided he does not belong to their set. It is safe to presume that they are not cruel and wilfully inhuman to a fellow being, but it is safe to presume that they do not know how to help a fellow being in distress, or do not know how to set themselves about helping him. They lack the moral courage to lend a helping hand in this time of need to one who does not belong to their set in society. Had this wounded man been of their faith and cult, the Roman Empire would have heard that a wrong had been done in Israel. But the man, who, without caste, had fallen among robbers, was left to a Samaritan, who was also without caste, to help and provide for. It is the fundamental, but the hardest doctrine to comply with in the Christ- ian religion to get down from a ''high horse" or pet hobby, or a stubborn donkey or whatever manner of beast one happens to be traveling upon, and lift up with one's own hands fallen fellow men. The friendly visitors in a charity organization society are exceptions to the priest and Levite. They go to the home and the hovel of the poor, the out- cast and distressed, and lift up all there is left to elevate into a better condi- tion of things. This does not mean to lift up an unwilling person, nor to lift a person above the station of his capabilities, but to save for himself and for the community the best capabilities he possesses. It is a cardinal principle of human nature and one that was announced at the inception of the Christian religion, that when one has aught against a brother to go to him alone and tell him of his fault. The reasonableness of this plan is apparent in common experience, and it is a fundamental truth in the very nature of things. This is the chief element in the work of the friendly visitor. The friendly visitor, or the district visitor as she is called in Aurora, com- bines this faculty of personal direction with that of the good Samaritan, so that a gradual uplift has taken place and people exercise prudence, where before thej' did not, and are industrious, where before thej' were idle. When Peter and John met the lame beggar at the gate, who was asking alms, they frankly told him that silver and gold had they none, but such as they had they would freely give, therefore to stand up and walk. It was far better for the man and the community that he should gain the ability to walk, than to receive ever so much money as alms. People who are helpless, are objects of charity, and no one complains that there is public or private provision made for them. But those indigents who possess latent or unused faculties excite a great deal of antagonism to the whole cause of charity. The district visitors have called out a great many latent faculties, and in this way have bettered the condition of the poor and relieved the tax payers and the charitably disposed from the burden. The district visitors, ten of them in Aurora, began with the individuals at home and drew out and developed the resources that were unused. Because the distric't visitors had secured the confidence of these people and had secured the leadership of them, it was not a difficult matter to inaugurate the plan of cultivating the vacant lots. That helpful plan led naturally to the making of road ballast. They insist that the needy, who are able to work, must work :n order to receive aid. 241 Because, that in these two plans the guidance and direction of better minds prevailed, the matter of the attendance of children at school was called atten- tion to by the people in the community. People who felt that something ought to be done, but who did not possess the faculty of attending to such mattf rs themselves, naturally brout;ht iheir complaints to the charity council. Finally the appointment of 20 school visitors was made, and these visitors went to work upon the same fundamental principles that were pursued by district visitors in the matter of giving aid. It was natural enough under these circumstances that complaints of cruelty should be brought to the charity council, when there were persons who could deal with wrongdoers upon fundamental principles. The courts were not appealed to in these cases, but the appeal was made to the latent sense of right in the wrongdoer, and 24 humane agents were appointed, and accepted the work. The district visitors commenced upon the fundamental principle of devel- oping latent faculties and energies by personal helpfulness and uplifting. A truth once set in motion draws other truths unto itself with magnetic force until there is a great mountain of truth which fills the whole e?.rth. There were wiseacres whose mental vision and intellectual acumen was so great, who said it was a waste of time and brain power to pay any attention to facts, and who prophesied immediately, upon the inauguration of the work of the charity council, that there would be more poor people than before; that lazy, drunken people would simply be invited to eat at public expense. It was assumed by these wiseacres that the thing to do was to get a super- visor to deal out public aid, who would not dole it out except where it was needed. 8uch a man as that can not be elected in Aurora, because that is simply opening the door for imposture and vagrancy. Those who want aid produce the conditions of need and they get relief. One man cannot hand out relief and stop the conditions which demand it at one and the same time. So the matter of co-operation between the supervisor and the district visitors was entered into, and the result has been just what has been recited. The conditions which demand relief have been bettered and in nearly all cases have been stopped, except where feebleness made the necessity. Suppose there had not been the hearty co-operation between the district visitors and the supervisor, it would not have mattered how many funda- mental truths there were lying around and backed up by the Holy Scriptures. These truths and principles could not be made to apply to any ease, if these able-bodied men could goto the supervisor and get aid without working for it. The supervisors permitted the charity council to make the rules and they would not give aid, without the request of the district visitors, and the dis- trict visitors would not issue a request until the applicant had the credits for his work audited by the employment committee, and the employment com- mittee received their instructions from the board of directors. An applicant comes for aid. The district visitor investigates to see what is needed and to see what there is to remedy, or how to husband resources, and to see who can work and who can attend school. The man is sent to the employment committee to make road ballast and his credits are audited and his book, and then the district visitor makes a request on the supervisor for supplies. The men who have been through this expe- rience take care of their time and earnings to the utmost extent afterward. Co-operation between public and private charity is the only way to give charity to justify the giver, and benefit the donee. And it is the true foundation to get at philanthropic work in any case. The co-operation based upon these fundamental principles of lifting up people by causing them to exercise their natural faculties aright by the personal direction of those able to instruct, is the leaven which brings together and unifies the whole lump. Mrs. Flower — I think this an opportune time to call attention to the Juve- nile Record, which is published in the interest of homeless children. Our president seems to doubt the propriety of calling especial attention to this —16 C. 242 publication, since he is the editor of it. I insist, however, upon the attention of the conference beiujf called to this very excellent publication. We have plenty of the latest issue here and would be glad if everyone present would take one home. The President — Since Mrs. Flower has so kindly brought this mat- ter before you, I want to call especial attention to the amendments to the ju/enile court law and the industrial school law. These will be found in full on the last pages. The topic of the morning is now open for general discussion. We would be pleased to hear from anyone on the floor. Reverend J. N. Dewell, of White Hall — I have been workiufj along charity lint.s, for what would be called, I suppose, a private charity, for seven years. During all this time it has been my object to co-operate with public charity, whenever possible. The underlying principle is this: To put the worthy needy in a position to care for themselves. If we can pick up a little bey and Elace him in a good home where he can become self-supporting, I feel we ave done a noble thing. If a man should come to my home begging bread aud I am able to place him in a good position where he can earn his living, I feel I have done a good work. If I can place some good girl in a home where she ean earn from $2 to $5 a week, I feel that I am accomplishing some good. In the first place, we should separate the worthy from the unworthy. If not, as Professor Felmley said, our charity is not properly dispensed. I represent the Illinois (Children's Home and Aid Society, my territory being 16 counties in the central and western portion of the State. When I began this work I found that every almshouse in these counties was pretty well filled, and that each one of them had from two to 15 children. A county alms- house is no place for a right minded child. I immediately set about to get these children out of these places. In the almshouse in Pike county I found 15 children. I went before the board of supervisors of that county with regard to this matter. 1 suppose they thought I had some private "axe to grind," and much to my surprise, my visit was not altogether successful. However, the next time I visited there I succeeded in getting seven children out of that poorhouse and placing them iu good homes. The same is true of Morgan county. I found that quite a number of families used to spend their winters in the Morgan county almshouse. I went into Cass county and found a man with four or five helpless children, to whom they were dispensing private charity. That man was a drunken, worthless character. We spent a long time getting him to give us his chil- dren. Finally he said: "If I let my children get from under my control the neighbors will not support me." In the city of Jacksonville I went around to visit a family that had been reported to me. When 1 went there the first thing that met me were three large dogs receiving help from the county. 1 recommended to them that they had better get rid of the dogs first. In the 111 counties in my territory I have placed a large number of children, visiting every home before the child is permitted to go there. The result of this prior visitation is that I have never had to remove but two children in all my experience. In all my work I co-operate with public charities because 1 think it is the right thing to do. The President — The chair sees Mrs. Morrison, superintendent of the Odd Fellows' Homo, in the rear of the room, Haven't you some- thing to say on this subject, Mrs. Morrison? Mrs. L. L. Morrison— While I consider it a great honor to be called upon to address this conference, it is also a great pleasure for me to do so, although I am under considerable embarrassment. I came here to be instructed by the good women who are in attendance upon this meeting. I want to speak of them first, as well as of the good men who are engaged iu this grand work of 243 charity, which it has been my pleasure to work in for the last 12 years. For almost nine years I have been superintendent of the Odd Fellows' Home, which you expect to visit this afternoon. This home is taken care of ex- clusively by Odd Fellows, an organization of 60,000 good men and 25,000 good women, I am pleased to be able to refer to this work that is under consideration now — co-operation laetween public and private charity. 1 believe in organized charity. I also believe in the closest affiliation between private and public benevolence. I hope the day is not far distant when they will be found work- ing together in the one great and good cause. Judge Tuthill's address last night upon the subject of the proposed Home for Boys sank deep in my heart. I sincerely wish this conference would have present next month at the State convention of Odd Fellows at Springfield, a committee to wait upon the 600 or 800 prominent men who will be there and put this matter before our grand lodge. Perhaps all of you do not know that a majority of our late Governors are Odd Fellows. Our present Governor is an Odd Fellow, as is also Lieutenant Governor Northcott. Governor Tanner was also an Odd Fellow. I think some influence could be brought to bear upon this great band of good men in favor of this proposed Home for Boys in which Judge Tuthill is so greatly interested. I do not believe that all of you understand the sort of a home we are con- ducting here. We do not find homes for our boys and girls. Our home should be called a school. We take only the dependent children of Odd Fel- lows. No matter how young they may be, we take care of them. We put them through a course of instruction. We use the same books that are in use in the public schools of this city, and when our pupils have reached a certain grade we give them a diploma which will admit them to the Lincoln high school. Nearly 200 have gone out from our home thoroughly equipped to make their own living. Several of them are music teachers. Last year one of our pupils graduated from the high school, and we now have four in that school. We are fitting them for the duties of life, and it is not necessary that we place them out in homes. We do not take vicious children into our home. You therefore see how interested I am in the future of the bad boy that we can not take care of. I thank you for your attention, and hope to see all of you out at our home this afternoon. The President — We have with us this morning an ex-president of this conference. We should like to hear from Dr. Jones. Rev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones — Inasmuch as the committee has asked me to speak this afternoon, I think I have no right to the floor this morning. Mr. LaMonte — The private charities of Cook county have, during the past two years, furnished a place to maintain more than 8,000 boys who were awaiting trial in the juvenile court. Without the assistance of that private charity the work of the juvenile court could not have been carried on. The Detention Home is represented here by its general superintendent. Rev. A. C. Dodds, who, with his good wife, has conducted this home in which these boys have been kept and brought under good home influences and prepared to come into the juvenile court. I was going to call upon Mr. Dodds for a short talk, but I see he has made Ibis escape. The point I wish to make is this: A juvenile court must eventually be established in every county in this State, and you, as the representatives of private charities, must assist the public charity in carrying on the work. Judge Tuthill — I heartily endorse what Mr. LaMonte has just said. I think it a wise public policy to combine private charity with public benevolence. It is a wise policy, because the people are benefitted by feeling that they are taking a part in this great work. Everybody wants to aid in some way. In Cook county we have had the voluntary assistance of probation officers. Such services are helpful to the people, to the court, and to the children. It should be emphasized and promoted in every possible way. 2U The sucreestion made by Mrs. Morrison struck me with a preatdeal of force. I should li^e to see such a committee appointed. I thereiore move 5'ou, Mr. President, that a comniittro of three be appointed by this conference, of which Judge Cochran shall be the chairman, to appear before the State con- vention of Odd Fellows and present the claims of the Delinquent Home for Boys, ami ur^e the hearty coi5peration of that organization in bringiufj about the results we so much desire. The motion was duly seconded and carried, Judge Cochran being given authority to select his associates on the committee. Mrs. Sophia DeMuth, of Alton — I have been doing charitable work for the last 18 years. Last year I was appointed chief probation officer by Judge Early of our county court. If any of you know anything about Alton, you know that we have a great many boys. In the glass works alone we have 500. My work is from early morning until the day is closed, most of it being in the police courts. I have become accustomed to it, I like it, and expect to follow it as long as my health will permit. I work in harmony with the pub- lic charity of our city, the supervisor of the township and myself holding fre- quent conferences with regard to the work. In my work 1 come in contact with all classes of people. The most effective work can be done, I find, by personally visiting each home. 1 do not wait for complaint to be filed, but visit the homes of the boys whom I think require some attention. I think it best to go to their homes and see their surroundings. The only trouble with me is that I have no place to put them when I get them. I had 17 at my home at one time. I am sorrv to say that we had to put two of them in the reformatory. I have placed 117 children during the last year in good homes. The President — Are there not some others who desire to be heard? I see Miss Bartelme in the rear of the room. Have not you some- thing to say, Miss Bartelme? Miss Mary M. Bartelme, Public Guardian, Chicago — I hardly know what to say. I feel like I had a large family on my hands, for which I was trying to do the very best 1 can. I fully appreciate all that has been said on the sub- ject this morning. The boys who come to me are not of the vicious class. They are children who come from the probate court with a small estate; they are children who are loft by their parents who had succeeded in saving a little money and also had their lives insured. This money comes into my hands for the support of these children. I have been much surprised at how much can be accomplished by these small estates. Where the parents were good, hard-working people, you will tind the same kind of children. I nave no trouble in finding homes for this class of children. A mother of a good family will come to mo and say I will take this child for its income — $2 a week or $5 a month, as the case may be. The child's income will be of great assistance to this mother, and in this way I succeed in getting good homes. After a child has been in a homo a short time it usually finds its way into the hearts of the people and I hear but little about it afterwards. Reverend J. Nate — I want to emphasize the necessity of a closer coopera- tion between all private* and public charities. I think this is one of the most important questions that can possibly bo discussed. I was one of the visitors appointed after the great Chicago fire to assist in the distribution of the do- nations of the world at that time. One of the most serious difficulties we had to contend with was the duplication of donations to persons who planned to receive the greatest possible amount of that money. I remember of one party who had established himself in fhrcMt different sections of the city and received donations at every place. This was repeated over and over again. At the same time we found a great many people who failed to makf any re- Fort of their condition and were in need of the necessaries of life. I realize rom this expcrieiico that one of the most important things in the field of charity is a complete union between public and private benevolence. I am glad to see the union of spirit that is manifest here on this subject. The people of this State are willing to pour out their money if they are satisfied 245 it will be judiciouslj' used. In regard to this home for delinquent boys that has been spoken of, I think we ought to have a thousand acres. A farm is the best place on earth for a boy. Judge Tuthill— I think every pulpit in Illinois ought to be interested in the study of these questions, especially the home for boys. 1 think we have a right to call upon those who stand in the pulpits to take hold and help in this matter by every effort they can bring about. I think every one of us ought to go to his clergyman and ask him to preach at least one sermon every year on this subject. I ask everyone here to call upon his clergyman with regard to this matter. Reverend Charles O'Donnell, of Chicago — I move you, Mr. Presi- dent, that a committee of three be appointed to bring this matter be- fore the clergymen of the State. The motion was seoonded and carried., the president stating that he would announce the committee later. Mrs. Albina Barrett, of Peoria— We have heard a great deal this morning about boys, but I have not heard a word about the girls. What are we going to do with the girls? We are just as much interested in them as in the boys. Reverend A. H. Rhodes, of Bloomington— I represent what you would call a private charity, and I want to answer the question which the sister has just propounded. We are placing the girls in good homes. The people in my district are more afraid of boys than girls. The people are afraid of boys. We cannot find as many homes for them as we can for girls. Mrs. Victoria Richardson, of Princeton — I wish to say as briefly as possible that when I was chairman of the philanthropic committee of the State Fed- eration we sent out a circular letter all over the State asking the ministers to preach upon the subject of the dependent and delinquent children of the State upon a certain Sunday. In my own town I succeeded in getting the ministers to preach on the topic. At that time we had 24 children in our county almshouse. Of this number, eight belonged to one man, his wife being dead. After we had the ministers preach, we sent word to Miss La- throp, a name familiar to this body, to come down and tell us about the almshouses of the State. After these talks, by bringing some pressure to bear upon our supervisors, we succeeded in getting all of these children out of our almshouse, and we have not one there today. I think the State Federation of Woman's clubs can do as much in this matter as any other organization . The Secretary, Mrs. Rainey— As the secretary of this conference, I think I am in a position to explain the conditions. I have nothing to say against the ministers of the gospel, but I have such a serious time in trying to get the ministers to talk upon any subject that I must say the woman's clubs of this State are far ahead of the ministers in arousing an interest in such matters as we now have before us. The President — If there is nothing further to be said upon the subject we have had under discussion at this session, a motion to ad- journ will be in order. Before that motion is made, however, I want to say that all the delegates to this conference are invited by the trustees and Dr. McLean, superintendent of the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, to visit their institution at this hour and be their guests at luncheon. Carriages are in waiting at the door to convey to the institution all who desire to accept this very kind invitation. On motion the conference adjourned to meet at the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children at 2:00 o'clock. The luncheon at the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, which was complete in every detail, was served in the chapel of the institu- 246 tion. At the conclueion of a musical program by the pupils, which followed the spread, the president announced that owing to the ab- sence of Mr. Alexander Johnson, who was on the program for an address at this hour, and the further fact that a large number of the delegates desired to personally visit all the departments of the insti- tution and inspect the workings thereof, there would be no afternoon session of the conference. At 4:00 o'clock the delegates were driven to the Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home where every courtesy and attention possible were shown them by the trustees and superintendent of the home during their visit. Evening Session, The conference reconvened at 8:00 o'clock p. m. The President — If any of the committees are ready to report, we would like to hear from them now. Rev. A. C. Dodds— On behalf of the Committee on Resolutions I desire to submit the following report and move its adoption. Report of Committee on Resolutions. Your Committee on Resolutions would respectfully present the following: Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to Hon. Richard Yates, Gov- ernor of Illinois, for his presence at the conference, and for his promise of assistance and co-operation in its plans and work. Resolved, That the conference express its appreciation of the kindly and eloquent words of welcome extended to it by Hon. L. B. Stringer, of Lincoln, at its opening session, on behalf of the citizens of Lincoln. Resolved, That the conference returns its thanks to the committees of ladies, who by their courteous and kindly consideration, have added much to the comfort and enjoyment of visiting delegates. Resolved, That the thanks of the conference are due to Hon. Amos W. But- ler, of Indiana, for his kindness in meeting with us and for the benefits derived from his very able, interesting and instructive paper. Resolved, That the conference expresses its deep sense of obligation to the members of the M, E. church for the use of their beautiful, convenient and commodious house of worship, in which to hold the various sessions of the conference. Resolved, That the conference expresses its deep sense of gratitude and obligation to the citizens of Lincoln who so kindly placed their carriages at our disposal to convey us to the Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children and to the Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home, and to the officials and teachers of these institutions who have contributed so heartily and generously to the enjoy- ment of our visits. Resolved, That our special thanks are due to the local newspapers for full and accurate reports of the proceedings of the conference. Respectfully submitted, John J. Sloan, Mrs. Victoria Richardson, A. C. Dodds, Committee. 247 The report of the committee was unanimously adopted without discussion. The President — Are there any other reports to be submitted? Mr. S. H. Miller, of Peoria — The Committee on Nominations de- sires to make the following report: Report of Committee on Nominations. Your committee, appointed to make nominations for the offices of First Vice President, Secretary and Program Committee, respectfully begs leave to report the following: For first Vice President, Mr. Howard Humphreys, of Bloomington. For Secretary, Mrs. Emma Kiefer, of Peoria. For Program Committee, Mrs. Henry T. Rainey, of Carrollton; Mr. Ernest Bicknell, of Chicago, and Mrs. Ida W. Baker, of Decatur; this committee to serve with the President and Secretary. Your committee further reports that it has nominated the following dele- gates to the National Conference of Charities and Correction, to be held in Milwaukee, Wis., in May, 1902: Reverend C. M. Brown, Mr. W. L. Fay, Mr. Ensley Moore, Mrs. Annie C. Dickson, Doctor Jos. C. Gordon and Professor Frank H. Hall, of Jackson- ville; Reverend Wm. Penhalegon and Mr. J. A. Brown, Decatur; Mr. Theo. A. King, Paxton; Mr. Howard Humphreys, Bloomington; Mrs. C. E. Fulks, Judge Robert Lovett, Mr. J. C. Kingsbury, Mr. R. C. Grier, Mrs. Jennie Waterhouse, Mrs. Albina Barrett, Mrs. Thos. Petherbridge, Mrs. Lucy B. Tynge, Mrs. Clara Bourland, Mr. W. L. Cosper and Doctor O. B. Will, of Peoria; Mr. James B. Lane, Elgin; Mr. C. W. Marsh, DeKalb ; Mr. W. S. Bullock, Waukegan; Mr. W. E. Murphy, Tuscola; Mrs. Flo Jamison Miller, Wilmington; Mr. Henry Miner, Winchester; Mrs. MargaretL Sandes, General W. C. Newberry, Mr. Allen Clement, Mr. T. D. Hurley, Mr. W. 0. LaMonte, General John C. Black, Mr. John J. Sloan, Mr. John L. Whitman, Reverend Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Reverend J. Nate, Mr. F. L. Barrett and Miss Minnie F. Lord, of Chicago; Mrs. Martha K. Baxter, Pawnee; Mrs. Ophelia L. Amigh and Mr. Alia R. Dow, Geneva; Mrs. Victoria Richardson, Princeton; Miss M. L. Hutton, Kankakee; Doctor R. F. Bennett, Anna; Mr. W. H. Wood, Cairo; Mr. F. W. Gould, Moline; Doctor W. E. Taylor, Water- town; Mr. Thos. J. Clark and Captain William Somerville, Quincy; Doctor Walter E. Songer, Chester; Doctor S. H. McLean, Doctor L. L. Leeds and Mrs. J. A. Lutz. Lincoln; Mrs. Henry T. Rainey, Carrollton; Judge W. G. Cochran, Sullivan; and Reverend Edw. A. Harris and Mr. R. N. McCauley, Normal. All of which is respectfully submitted. George W. Curtiss, H. S. Miller, Lucy L. Flower, Committee. On motion the report of the committee was unanimously adopted. The President — The chair desires to announce the appointment of the following committee to interest the clergymen and woman's clubs of the State in the establishment of a Home for Delinquent Boys: Reverend A. C. Dodds, Chicago; Reverend Edw. A. Harris, Normal, and Reverend J. N. Dewell, White Hall. (This commit- tee was afterwards increased to four members by the addition of Rev. Chas. O'Donnell, of Chicago) . 248 The chair also desires to state, for the iuformatiou of the con- ference, that Judge Cochran has selected the following named gentlemen as his associates on the committee to present the ne- cessity of a Home for Delinquent Boys to the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows: General Alfred Orendorff, Springfield; Doctor R. F. Bennett, Anna, and Mr. Chas. F. Mansfield, Monticello. If there is no further business along this line we will listen to a paper on "The State Care of Epileptics," by Doctor Norbury, of Jacksonville, whom I take pleasure in presenting to you. State Care of Epileptics. (By Frank Parsons Norbury, M. D.) The field of charity qrows no less; on the contrary, it, too, is imbued with expansion, and institutions errow and multiply. The doors of new elemosynary institutions are opened and immediately their capacity is tested and ere long a waiting list shows the demand for roof and shelter for the special depend- ent classes. Well may we ask, when considering the demands of the epileptic class, why has the State been so long in recognizing its parental responsibility, when from the time of Moses they have sought refuge under the protecting arms of institutionalism? Society is humane; it extends its sympathies and its money to all who are in distress. As evidence we have but to look at the vast insti- tutions and organizations throughout Christendom, designed to relieve the pain and suffering of today, and to house and do for the unfortunate and de- pendent classes. These great organizations are the outgrowth of education of the people, confirming the statement that "The first important thing to do in an effort to establish any great public charity is to get the people thinking about it— interested in it— and then to educate them to an appreciation of its benefits; in other words, to create a strong and favorable public sentiment, without which nothing can be accomplished." It is the purpose of this organization to paint the way. to overcome the opposing forces of ignorance and superstition and let the evolution of public charities go on, even though it be slowly, so that the people will give thought to the actual needs of the epileptics and more triumphs on their behalf will then be recorded. Epilep.sy is indeed the one disease to which still clings the early traditions of disease- a survival of the most ancient theories of the causation of disease, viz: That the sick were regarded as afflicted or po'fsessed by demons. Epi- lepsy has through the centuries of its history been stigmatized by these horrid beliefs, and as a result the epileptics have not until the past ceutury been the beneficiaries of the scientific theory of medicine, which had its dawning with the coming of Christianity The epileptic has been the most marked victim of the idea of demoniacal possession, and as this theory blossomed and bore its fruit in noxious luxuriance, the epileptic throughout this whole historic period stood the brunt of its inhumanity, a prey to aimless brutality, to religious persecution, exorcism, torture, conviction and execu- tion. Some of the last struggles of this superstition were witnessed in this fair land of ours, when Salem witchcraft typified the horrors wliich had been practiced for years. The old belief, thank God, finally was conquered by science, but not until this past century, altliough its death knell was sounded in France in 17G8, when the parliament ol' Paris declared that possessed per- sons were to be considered as simply diseased. To Pinel in France^ who in 1792 began his great work in behalf of the insane, and to Tuke in England, engaged in a similar mission, we owe the beginning of modern institutional- ism from which the epileptic has profited, but largely after disease has robbed him of his reason. The history of the past century has this one great triumph to record, that the Satan who had so long troubled individual men and women thus became 249 extinct; henceforth his fossil remains only were preserved; they may still be found in the sculptured and storied windows of mediseval churches, in sundry liturgies and in popular forms of speech. During the 19th century the truth that epilepsy is a physical disease was established, and during this present century the crowning of this belief will be noticed in the universal adoption of state care of the epileptics.^ \&^zr':--^ziL::f:^\-\^. "It is no wonder that people have not been acquainted with the disease and the necessities of state care of its victims, when we r-onsider that it is within recent times that physicians have become acquainted with the true nature of epilepsy. Hare says "the growth of our knowledge concerning epilepsy is il- lustrative of the true birth of medicine." Yes, the evolution of this knowl- edge represents the passing of the cloud of ignorance into the light of mod- ern medicine. Hare further says "that for twenty centuries epilepsy has passed among men as a something too intangible to explain; too far beyond the power of tieatment to yield to any one, however skillful he might be; yet in the past twenty years, at the most, more progress has taken place in our knowledge as to its entire course than in all preceding centuries." Our knowledge of the disease is still unsatisfactory. We know that it is a disease of the nervous system, with well defined and characteristic sj'mptoms, chief of which may be mentioned the paroxysmal convulsive disturbance of more or less severity, accompanied by loss of consciousness, it is the loss of consciousness which establishes the diagnosis, as the convulsive element may be entirely absent or only present in a mild degree. The essential tendency of the disease is what concerns us, viz. : The mental and physical weakness and more or less permanent incapacity to be as are other people. The con- stant recurrence of epileptic attacks aflEects the mental stability of the indi- vidual, and it is not the so-called grand-mal, the severe convulsion, which we most dread to see in the patient, but the mild attacks, petit-mal, which by rea- son of their constancy and the difficulty of control by medical means are a source of gradual but permanent and baneful influence upon mental life. Especially is this fact noticeable in children, and if you will study the feeble- minded epileptic child, you will find that petit-mal and perhaps nocturnal epilepsy are the types which cause the greatest mental wreckage. The epileptic as an individual has striking characteristics which alienate him from society, or at least interfere with his relationship to the people about him, and for this reason he has a claim upon state charity which must be studied. Fortunately, Illinois has at last recognized these claims, but the establishment of an epileptic colony is yet to be. I believe this should be put upon a permanent footing soon. It will be one of the greatest blessings to the afflicted individuals, to the family, to the community and to the State. Doctor Drewrv has summarized the status of the epileptic in the following words: "Reflect upon the condition of the epileptic; afflicted with a well- nigh incurable disease, tending to terminate in dementia, imbecility, insanity, physical and moral degeneracy — a disease which is hereditary to a certain degree, that or some other neurosis being transmitted from parent to the offspring with distressing certainty — can you conceive of a more deplorable condition to be in? Unfitted by such a malady for companionship with more fortunate fellow beings, debarred from entering into fair competition in any field of human endeavor, deprived of ordinary pleasures and privileges — the epileptic — poor, unfortunate creature, is practically an exile in the community and a burden to self as well as others." The State can not resist the appeal of this class of individuals, and it will not, but the problem is not going to be solved by simply colonizing the epi- leptics. There is more to be considered, because all epileptics are not suit- able subjects for the colony system of State care. Doctor Spratling, the efficient superintendent of the Craig Colony for Epileptics of New York, in his seventh annual report, in speaking of the primary idea of the colony sys- tem says: "I take it that it was the purpose of its founders to have the colony inhabited by a class of people who would be up and about daily, en- gaged in some useful labor, or acquiring some trade or some sort of educa- tion. The main idea as I conceive it, was to provide a place where the ordinary epileptic, fairly sound in mind and body, might come and earn his 250 support, or come as near to it as possible, and that it was not the purpose of the founders to see the colony filled with the idiotic, the feeble-minded, the cripplfid, the paralyzed and the blind, none of whom can work, none of whom could be cured or even helped, and the cost of whose care under the colony system is unquestionably greater than it would be were they cared for in one large building under one roof." This should be the true colony idea fur the cases for whom benefit is sought bv the colony treatment; but what are we to do with the uiinuitable cases! I know from my own experience how loath State hospitals for the in- sane and the State in.-ititutions for the feeble-minded are to receive epileptic patients. They are the most troublesome of all patients, net because of the convulsions alone, but because of their mental infirmities. They are the querulous, the homicidal, the dangerous patients from whom is expected little else than trouble, and but comparative meager results from treatment. The idea advanced by Spratling of creating an institution on the colony plan for the care of these classes of epileptics is a good one and worthy of the at- tention of this association. This institution, says Spratling, should be or- ganized in grand divisions and let it take insane epileptics, epileptic idiots and feeble-minded epileptics and mixed cases of whatever kind and degree that pnsent institutions do not seem to have been founded for. Such a plan would certainly cover the whole field, segregate the classes, yet con- gregating them all on the colony idea, and derive from this wholesome arrangement all of the benefits which are to be had from the colony system. The epileptics should live in the open air, should be encouraged to do an amount of work in keeping with their ability, and have opportunities for pleasure and recreation, to relieve the monotony of their lives. Do you know that such a plan ot treatment independent of drug treatment, lessens the number of convulsions? This is the observation in all of the colonies now in operation, and it is the observation in all institutions where epileptics are cared for. I know that while I was Resident Physician to the Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble- Minded, Dr. Kerlin called my attention to the eftect of amusements upon the epileptic feeble-minded children. He said, "that he had observed that it was the exception for epileptic children to have convulsions during the progress of amusements." Further, that the anticipation of the regular evening amusements inhibited convulsions. This fact I had confirmed by my obser- vation of the epileptic insane when later I became Assistant Physician to the Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville. For five years I carefully studied the epileptic insane and I noted that the regular once-a- week dance was always an oasis in the monotonous life of the epileptic where pleasure in the dance was rarely interrupted by a convulsion. Again, the patients would in the interval school themselves in conduct so that this pleas- ure would not be denied to them. Again, the epileptic is industrious and will work if given an opportunity. So many epileptic patients in the State institutions have pleaded with me for an opportunity to work, — saying that they felt better, were less burdened with their affliction and felt as if they could at least earn their living if given an opportunity. Work in moderation is what many of them need, not only to give them something to do, but as an adjuvant to treatment. Since I left State institution work I have in consultation practice urged employment to all epileptics wherever it is practicable, and I have yet to observe any evil results from such a recommendation. The colony idea gives great prominence to outdoor life, congenial employ- ment and well regulated routine of institution life. New York stands fore- most in the State work in this feature of the colony idea, as she does in all that pertains to the colony m(»voinent which now seems to be interesting the other states of the union. VVe all look to New York as oun model in State charities, and consequently on the subject of State care of the epileptic 1 feel free to draw from the experiences of the Craig colony and to quote the rec- ommendations of its worthy and esteemed superintendent. Dr. Spratling. In his last annual report he urges the need of closer state care of epileptics in the following words: 251 "I am fully convinced that the time has come when the State should make laws necessary for closer State care of the majority of epileptics. Epilepsy is a disease of the brain. Any disease that affects the brain is almost sure to affect the mind. To make the statement that some degree of mental unsound- ness is present in 98 per cent of all persons who have suffered for any length of time from epilepsy, is a perfectly justifiable scientific fact. "It is a truth demonstrated by experience at the Craig colony and by inti- mate study of the conditions at the great German Colony for epileptics at Bielefeld, that unless epileptics get better, they are quite sure to get worse. The disease is progressive towards improvement or recovery, or retrogres- sive towards decay. It does not remain at a standstill. It is, furthermore, true that when brought under the colony system of care and treatment from 75 to 80 per cent get better, or get well; from 7 to 10 per cent doing the lat- ter. The others go down into epileptic dementia, a hopelessly incurable con- dition. "Many patients come to the colony whose condition is such that they ought to be forced to submit to a prolonged residence here. Some who can live here and do well — in fact, be almost continuously free from any evidence of epilepsy — do badly in the outside world. They have a fault, a weakness, a something lacking, that makes them demand the moral support and discipline of colony life to keep them up to their best. Some of these desire to go away and do good, because under existing laws we can not prevent them. They go into the outside world and reproduce epileptic offspring or epileptic pro- geny defective in some way. A strong hand should be vested with full legal authority to stay them — to keep them in the place society and the State has created for their kind. "Other epileptics are clearly of unsound mind, but not enough so to war- rant their commitment to a hospital for the insane. The colony should be the permanent residence of this class also, but it is a fact that it is not. Just such types as these make up the restless, uneasy classes, those who are never satisfied, not happy anywhere and fit into no place. A law should be enacted to meet the requirements of these cases. They, too, should be permanent dwellers in the colony, that we might cut off the surety of any reproduction of their kind." Inasmuch as our knowledge of epilepsy is still unsatisfactory, especially as regards its etiology, it is timely that there should be opportunities presented to study the disease. The colony idea in massing a great many afflicted ones gives a very desirable opportunity to study the clinical phases of the disease, and to give study to its pathology. However, the early days of the disease, the most important ones, in fact, in the whole range of the disease, are not studied. The occurrence of a convulsion in a child invariably summons a physician to its bedside, but as a convulsion is quickly over it is rare that it is studied, that is that its true significance, its origin, investigated. This is the golden time for the treatment of epilepsy, the time when the diagnosis should be made, adhered to and treated. Every physician should assume the responsibility which is thrust upon him. When confronting such a case he should regard every convulsion as significant of brain irritation and seek its cause. There should be no refuge behind the diagnosis of worms, indiges- tion and other trivial causes until the more severe causes have been exhaust- ively studied. No physician should feel secure in making a diagnosis of simple convulsions. He jeopardizes the child's future by not giving timely, conservative and appropriate treatment. Further, there arises at this time, that is in the early investigation of epi- lepsy, the necessity of inquiry into the heredity of the individual. The im- portance of this investigation can be appreciated in view of the fact that heredity is the most important factor in the etiology of epilepsy. Fully two- thirds of all cases have heredity as a background. I am convinced that we should give systematic study to every case, making this inquiry in accord- ance with well known scientific methods. This is a most neglected field of inquiry— the study of man as an individual — is it a wonder that the epileptics 252 are to be found in our midst and largely through hereditary influences, when we pay so littlo attention to the individual man, to his characteristics, his evolution and his degeneracj? Epilepsy is in fact an evidence of race degeneracy. The great majority of cases appear during childhood and youth, during those periods of stress when the nervous system yields to influences destined soon<'r or later to family extinction. I believe the time is at hand when the Statu and the United States should give attention to the psycho-physical study of man. The material available in great institutions of the State should be utilized for the good of man that is to come. It is from such studies we are to expect plans for the relief from the burden of the degenerate classes now crowding the State institutions. Arthur MacDouald, of the United States Bureau of Education, who above all others stands foremost in his appeals for the "Study of Man," says: "Anyone would suppose that the study of man, especially during childhood and youth, would be the most practical and necessary of all lines of inquiry. But, as a matter of fact, it is the most neglected of all .'Studies. There are sciences of geology, botany and zoology, but a science of living man as he is today does not exist. It is comparatively easy to arouse interest in expedi- tions to the north pole or into darkest Africa; to engender enthusiasm in investigation of sun, moon and stars; but it is very difficult to direct atten- tion to the study of rocks, plants and animals, but almost nothing for the study of children. What could be more practical than investigations of human beings from childhood through youth to manhood? While facts in nature are very interesting and, no doubt, of importance, they cannot have the direct practical value which facts about man himself possess. Why is it that there is so little definite knowledge about modern man? It is mainly because he has been studied so little." In the modern trend of the study of man it is to be noticed that there is a decided disposition to adopt the spirit of scientific investigation of the age, and resort to exact or laboratory methods. The evolution of the modern laboratory has truly been a wonderful advancement over the old empiricial practices of but a quarter of a century ago. The special laboratories devoted to physiology, chemistry, anatomy and bacteriology have been developed only within the last 15 years. And it is within my experience that medical colleges have made special effort to build and equip suitable structures for this purpose, and only since 1874 has psychology been studied by laboratory methods. In the study of nervous phenomena, including the study of the mind, the researches have been made possible through the indefatigable en- ergy of the patient laboratory worker. The present knowledge of the minute anatomy of the nervous system, together with its physiological action, is the result of the discovery of new methods of work in histological investigation and physiologic inouiry. It may be said, that the history of the advances which have marked the evolution of our knowledge in ail the branches of science which necessitates the use of the microscope and other instruments of precision, is the history of advances in operative or laboratory technique. Each new discovery has opened up new paths of investigation and has invariably led forward to important progress in knowledge. This century which ha.s ju^t closed has revolutionized the study of the mind and the nervous system, and as we cast a retrospective glance over the bril- liant achievements in this field of research, the advances are really astound- ing. It seems to me remarkable, that it has remained for the last quarter of a century to discover that the brain was the organ of the mind; that the brain does not act as a whole, but is a confederation of associated functions, and that ri^ally we have a just right to believe now, that there is a physical basis to mind. The greatest discovery perhaps has been that of the localized functions of the brain growing out of the laboratory work of Fritsch and Hit- sing, who in 1870 discovered that the gray matter of the brain was capable of irritation by the galvanic current. This now simple fact was then unknown, for up until the physilogical experiments of these observers, proved that certain areas of the brain had definite functions, it was believed according to the teaching of Flourens that the brain acts as a whole. It has been the 253 elaboration of the doctrine of cerebral localization which has made the cen- tral nervous system and its functions such an inviting field of inquiry, both by physicians and psychologists. The birth of new discoveries in the minute research in brain anatomy has kept up a constant round of bustle and en- deavor among workers, in order to be among the first to observe and exhaust the possibilities of the new find. Really there has been almost as much ex- citement in neurological investigation during the pa^t few years as among the seekers for gold in the Klondike. The birth of the neuron theory of the architecture of the brain has been accompanied by a flood of light in the in- terpretation, not only of the physiology of the brain, but its diseases as well. You may ask what are the practical results to come from this exhaustive inquiry? In answer I will quote Prof. James, who tersely states the case as follows: "All natural sciences aim at practical prediction and control, and in none of them is this more the case than in psychology of today. We live surrounded by an enormous body of persons who are most definitely interested in the control of states of mind and incessantly craving for that sort of psy- chological science which will teach them how to act. What every educator, every jail-warden, every doctor, every clergyman, every asylum superinten- dent, asks of psychology is practical rules. Such men care little or nothing of the ultimate philosophic grounds of mental phenomena, but they do care immensely about improving the ideas, dispositions and conducts of the par- ticular individuals in their charge." I have been greatly interested in psycho-physical study of the individual. It gives the exact status of the individual and opens the field for sociological inquiry, and hence is to be of great service to society directly. Rigid methods of research are necessary to study the mind of man, his psycho physical being. It is only within recent years that this study has been undertaken. The methods of laboratory inquiry are now recognized as the only true solu- tion of the psycho-physical problems of man. These methods are now recog- nized and are supported by all of the great universities. But there exists a demand to utilize the laboratory method in the practical study of the defec- tive class, as found in the institutions. The collective investigations of a large number of individuals is the only way to arrive at positive facts. Then in connection with the psycho-physical study, the sociological investigations should be pursued. In the words of MacDonald, "As in machinery we must first repair the little wheels out of gear, so in society we must first study the criminal, crank, insane defective class, who can seriously injure both the individiial and com- munity." The community is most concerned, for it is from this source that money comes to equip and maintain institutions for the care of the de- fective class. It seems to me that it is both timely and commendable that this association endorse the movement now international in its scope, which has for its object the establishment of laboratories for the study of tbe de- fective classes. Only recently the International Congress of Anthropology in session at Amsterdam passed a resolution favoriug the establishment (.f a psycho-physical laboratory for practical application of physiological psychology to sociological and abnormal data, especially as found in institutions for the criminal, pauper and defective classes and in hospitals, schools and other institutions. The epileptic should be studied both in and out of institutions by this method. It is the only scientific way by which we can hope to get facts upon which we can found the measures destined to solve the sociological problems now before us. The American Lawyer editorially gives utterance to the need of such a study in the following words (which to us are important, inasmuch as the epileptic contributes many of the horrible and brutal homicides, com- mits depredations that seem utterly inhuman, we can recognize the need of the State knowing more of him.) "An effort is being made to establish a laboratory in the Department of the Interior at Washington for the practical application of physiological psychology to sociological and abnormal or pathological data, especially as 254 found in in-titutions for the criminal, pauper and defective classes in hospi- tals, also as may be observed in schools and other institutions. The defect in our present criminal law is. as we have before remarked, that it regards crime and not tho criminal. It presupposes that all mankind possesses an equal power of resistance to anti social tendencies. It practically lays down as an axiom that the child born of criminal parents, broufrht up in an en- vironment of crime, is, until he has actually come within the jurisdiction of a ma^jistrate's court, as equally desirable a citizen to all intents and purposes as he who has been reared in the atmosphere of the law abiding?. Until an oflfenh-e has been committed the law does not recognize the offender. For it the prospective criminal does not exist. Unfortunately there are some beings who are moral imbeciles. To confine our efforts to punishing crime when committed rather than to prevent its commission, is like the proverbial lock- ing of the barn after stealing the horse. Nothing has been done by the gov- ernment as yet, to treat the matter scientifically, and when it is considered that $600,000,000 is the annual tribute which, statisticians assure us society pays to crime, and that the United States has the highest murder rate of any civilized country in the world, one is almost tempted to long for a return to the condition of things when 160 offenses were punishable by death, though it be conceded that the death penalty is one of the slightest of deterrents to crime. The promoters of the measure have our best wishes." As put by the well-known writer * * * "The study of man, to be of the most utility, must be directed first to the causes of crime, pauperism, alcoholism and other forms of abnormality. To do this the individuals themselves must be studied. As the seeds of etil are usually sown in childhood and youth, it is here that all investigation should commence, for there is little hope of making the world better if we do not seek the causes of social evils at their beginnings." In conclusion I would urge that the State of Illinois go on with its grand good work making provisions for the defective class, remembering that the path of duty demands not only the care of defectives of today, but to provide for the means to study the individuals as individuals and thus endeavor to find the cause of disease and diseased social conditions. Let us follow in the steps of the great states of New York, Ohio and Massachusetts, and make Illinois among the foremost in the State care of epileptics. Dr. Norbury's paper was well received. At its conclusion the conference, in a recolution, endorsed the national movement for the establishment of laboratories for the study of the defective classes. The conference also again went on record as endorsing the move- ment to establish an Epileptic Colony in this State. The President —Dr. Smith of Godfrey is on the program for the opening discussion of Dr. Norbury's exhaustive paper. Dr. Smith is the superintendent of a private home and school for nervous children and is thoroughly conversant with the class of unfortunates under discussion this evening. It is my pleasure to present to you Dr. Smith. Dr. W. H. C. Smith of Godfrey— Mr. President and Members of the Illi- nois Conference of Charities: There is perhaps no argument so convincing as experience. Tho representatives of the tax paying public, exorcising their legal power, ought to have full confidence in those who have had experience and who may elucidate a practical theory, and put such theory to the test. The lawmakers of the state of New York have shown this confidence and as a result it has the Craig Colony for Epileptics which is exerting its beneficent influence in behalf of perhaps the most afflicted of God's creatures. This colony has long since passed the experimental stage and an investigation of its workings will convince the most skeptic of the need of its counterpart in this State. The State of Illinois, through the general assembly, is already on record as to the need of such a colony, and but for conflicting local interests involving 255 the question of the site, such an institution would at this moment be a reality. For the sake of the unfortunate members of our communities who are afflicted with epilepsy, and for the sake of their relatives and friends, I trust that this conference will again register its desire for the early passage of a law estab- lishing an epileptic colony in this State. As a rule, epileptics are incapacitated for the pursuit of ordinary vocations but a few minutes in the day, month or even year. But because of this in- capacity they are debarred from competition with their more fortunate brothers in all the regular channels of industry and independent living. In a sense, they represent wasted resources, which it seems to those who have made a study of this question, should and could be converted into available material. Practical experience has shown that an epileptic colony located where natural resources are varied, can be brought nearer the self-sustaining point than can any other institution for the care of defectives and dependents, to say nothing of the unmeasurable benefits to the patients themselves. In such an institution a very large proportion of this unfortunate class would volun- tarily accept the opportunity for care and benefit and would render an equiva- lent in intelligent thought and labor which would reduce the per capita ex- pense attending the purely custodial cases to a minimum. These sufferers, it must be remembered, are innocent sufferers, and it would seem the duty, as well as the pleasure of the more fortunate, to assist in offering them an opportunity for the exercise of their capabilities. It would scarcely be advisable in this State with its great wealth and phil- anthropic history that the life of such a colony should in any way depend upon the somewhat precarious, though worthy bounty of citizens of wealth and sympathy, who may possibly have had personal experiences with this great misfortune. As pertinent in expressing a condition I have personally experienced hundreds of times during the past 20 years, and in which I think every neurologist will bear me out, permit me to quote the axiom of the neurologist, namely: "The removal of the neurotic, be it child or adult, from the environments which have inadvertently contributed to induce such a deplorable condition and which becomes the most potent factor in its con- tinuance, when once firmly established." The epileptic is a neurotic, in many instances endowed with our hopes, fears, abilities and desires, yet debarred by legal enactment from the exer- cise of independence. Logically the State should protect those whose rights it conserves, and I believe it also has the right to protect coming genera- tions. To me it seems improper that the general public should be subjected to the horrors of an epileptic seizure, as is so frequently the case. The un- fortunate results are so well known to physicians that such dangers should be reduced to a minimum. Sensitive to an abnormal degree, the epileptic needs a supplement to the society he so anxiously shuns, and this society is to be found in an epileptic colony. The colony plan, I believe to be the log- ical sequence, affording as it does through its varied industries, both manual and domestic, a means of occupation and self-support and consequent happi- ness little conceived of by those unacquainted with this class. There are many cases of incompatibility, which might be properly termed the "incompatibility of consanguinity," which makes it almost imperative that such patients be cared for by strangers, and when we reflect that such unfortunates are almost invariably innocent as to causation, our duty as a State seems clearly apparent. Not among the least potent reasons for the establisment of a State colony, is the great value to be placed upon the benefits to be derived from a scientific study of causation and the extremely obscure lesions which have baffled the best observers for 2,000 years. Because of the expense incident to such in- vestigations it is practically prohibitive in private practice or with the limited resources of a less generously endowed private institution. 256 An experience of ten years in the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children at this place justifies me, 1 believe, in stating positively what most superintend- ents of similar institutions believe, namely, that the large number of epilep- tics now cared tor in such institutions is a source of extreme anxiety to all who are interested in their welfare, and their necessary association with children of feeble mind is a great injustice to them and in fact to all inter- ested in their management. I hope that the desires of this conference will crystalize in the coming leg- islative session in an epileptic colony, in size and equipment worthy of the State and the cause it seeks to benefit. The location of this colony and the details of management may be safely left to a commission appointed for that purpose. I trust that all persons connected with the management of such an institution, when founded, will be selected with especial reference to their peculiar fitness, and also with the predominating idea that if once fitly chosen they become more valuable to the State and its wards with each year of con- scientious service. I thank you for your attention. The President— Reverend Emory Lyon, of the Central Howard Association, is present this evening and has asked for a few minutes in which to explain the work of his association to the conference. It is a pleasure to me to present him to you. The Work of the Central Howard Association. [By Reverend F. Emory Lyon. Superintendent.) Almost a year ago a letter was sent out from the Chicago Bureau of Chari- ties to various prison and charity ofiicials and signed by representatives of leading charities, calling a meeting to consider the organization of a Western Prisoner's Aid Society. As a result of this meeting the Central Howard As- sociation was organized, a constitution adopted and a board of directors elected. The first meeting of the board was held immediately, a superin- tendent and secretary were chosen and the organization at once began the practical work of securing employment for worthy ex-prisoners. For some time there has been a feeling on the part of charity workers that there was need of a general movement in this direction in the central western states. The agitation and consequent interest on the part of the public in the administration of the parole law, and the introduction of the Juvenile Court had made such woi'k more practicable than ever before. The work of prison reform during the past century has been effective in changing the attitude of the State toward the prisoner from that of vindic- tiveness and of repression to the thought that by all means the prisoner should be reformed it possible. The improvement in prison buildings and the changing of prison discipline to a more humanitarian standard has mate- rially contributed to this end. But nearly all of this work from the time of John Howard to the present has been forwarded by prison ofiicials and pen- ologists generally. It is a most significant fact that these men who have been the nearest to the prisoner have been the first to discriminate between the habitual and accidental criminal, and the first to believe in the possibilities of reformation for a large per cent of prison inmates. The real object of all prison reform has been the reform of the prisoner, but the ditficulty has been to continue the good work of the prison ofiicials after the discharge of the prisoner. As one warden has recently said, the efforts of a prison official to reform a man during ten years may be counlei'- acted in ten days if the man on coming out meets discouragement at every hand. It has long been recognized in Europe that the real problem of crim- inology lies in the proper care of the ex-prisoner. In pursuance of this well- defined conclusion they have prisoners' aid societies organized in every con- siderable city and district. In Great Britain they are generally subsidized to the extent of half their maintenance. The British Howard association, as is well known, has for nearly 40 years been doing an excellent work as a central bureau of cooper- 257 ation between the different local organizations. And this is the ultimate pur- pose of the Central Howard association, organized for this work in all the central western states, and to eventually secure the organization of a prison- ers' aid society in each of the Mississippi Valley states. The Central Howard association began its work as an interdenominational philanthropy, to be pursued from christian impulse and motive and yet distinctly in harmony with the well-known principles of scientific charity. Because it believes in helping men to help themselves, and in not doing any- thing that will tend to pauperize the delinquent who happened to be also de- pendent, this association does not maintain an institution or "prisoners' home." We believe it to be better not to concentrate the men in their weak- ness or multiply their acquaintance, but at once to put them into employ- ment and normal environment. To this end we are in constant co-operation with the various prison officials, who send us their "out list" and the names of those most amenable to help, and we also have a large number of manu- facturers and other employers who are willing to give our men a chance. When we have a man suited to their woi'k we send them his record and capa- bilities and they decide on the merits of that particular case, if they have an opening. The employer knows the man's history but the fellow-workmen do not, so that he works on his own merit as a man among men. In this way the Central Howard association, ever since its organization, has been helping an average of a man every other day. The most of these it has placed in permanent positions. Quite a number of these have been re- f (laced and some discharged men we have lost track of. But very few men, ess than ten, have disappointed us by dissipation or deception, and just one of the number, so far as we know, has been returned to prison by violation of parole. It has been our experience that discouragement is usually the direct or indirect cause of lapses from a life of integrity. To quite an extent the problem becomes a psychological one. In large measure the man who has been in prison has been the unconscious victim of a bad line of suggestion, that has helped to weaken his will and break down his manhood. This subtle influence we find can be very materially counter- acted by a specific line of strong suggestion; reinspiring the man's confidence in himself and strengthening his purpose to forsake drink and other demoral- izing tendencies. The work of this association is of direct value to the State and the highest welfare of society at large. An average of about one man per day goes out from each of our State prisons and reformatories, either by parole or by dis- charge. This number makes an aggregate of quite a population of ex-pris- oners, which population is constantly growing larger. For the mere safety of society, therefore, it is best that these men should not be allowed to drift about as excresences upon society with the possibility of drifting into other crime. There is need of this systematic and earnest effort to diffuse them into society and reunite them to the civic organization. It costs less always to keep a man out of prison than to keep him in prison. The State is doing something in this direction through its agents, who find employment for and look after the men under parole. Mr. Ayers, of the Joliet Prison, and Mr. Liebrecht, of the Pontiac Reformatory, are working sympa- thetically and efficiently in this direction, as well as similar parole agents in other states. But with all their efforts they are not able to find employment for all the men as soon as they are entitledto parole. As a result, many of the men who are entitled to parole on their own merits are yet obliged to remain under the depressing conditions of prison life for some months before anyone is found in the State to furnish employment and sign parole papers. The State has made no provision for securing employment for its discharged men. Our constitution guarantees that a man shall not be jeopardized the second time for the same offense. It would seem, therefore, that after a man had paid the penalty of his crime and his debt to society, he has some rights which society is bound to respect. What right have we to —17 C 255 jeopardize him industriously by not giving him a chance to earn an honest livinet Why should we jeopardize him socially by ostracising him from social sympathy? By careful, discriminating work, we find it possible to convince the public of the eflBciency of our work, and we have been enabled to secure the best of co-operation, thorough endorsement and a hearty response on the part of the public to our endeavors. Many employers who would not take a man on his own representations are quite willing to do so on our recommendation. In addition to the investigation on the part of the parole board, the investigation we make in a quiet way makes it difficult for anyone not worthy of assistance to take advantage of his benefactors. But the difficulty for the individual who comes out of prison and faces the world with a better purpose, is to find the right work and to get to the place of employment. With our large list of applications from both directions, we are enabled to adjust the worker to the work, pajp his transportation when necessary, to the place of employment, and so help him on the road to honest industry and good citizenship. While the chief work of the association is the practical placing of men in places of employment, we are constantly awakening public sentiment along all lines of prison reform. Representatives of the association are speakiug each week in the larger towns of the central west, and thus constantly break- ing down the feeling of prejudice against the ex-prisoner and contending for the various lines of improvement needed in a better classification of the in- mates of local jails and city prisons, non-partisan administration of penal in- stitutions and other lines of improvement considered essential by well-informed philanthropic workers. Thanking the President and officers of this conference for their recognition of the Central Howard Association as a distinct and permanent part of the philanthropic work of the State, we bespeak the interest and kindly co-opera- tion of all the members of the conference in our efforts towards the individual and social welfare of all the people of the central west. At the conclusion of Reverend Lyon's address the conference ad- journed to meet at Peoria, Tuesday, October 21, 1902. 259 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ILLINOIS CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AT PEORIA, OCTOBER 21-23, 1902. President, T. D Hurley, Chicago; First Vice-President, Howard Humphreys, Bloomington; Second Vice-President, Mrs. H. M. Schweppe, Alton; Secretary, Mrs. Emma W. Kiefer, Peoria. First Day — Tuesday, October 21. The seventh annual meeting of the Illinois State Conference of Charities was called to order in the rooms of the Peoria Woman's Club at 2:00 o'clock p. m. by Mrs. Clara P. Bourland, chairman of the local committee, who presided at the opening of the session. Rev. Webster Hakes, of Peoria, opened the session with prayer and was followed by Hon. W. F. Bryan, mayor of Peoria, who delivered the following address of welcome: Address of Welcome. By Hon. W. F. Bryan, Mayor of Feoria. Madam President, Ladies and Gentlemen — In inviting me as a representa- tive of our city, to take part in this, the opening meeting of the State Con- ference of Charities, I regard it a very great compUment, and, on behalf of our citizens, I bid you, the delegates and representatives of charitable asso- ciations, a cordial welcome to Peoria, and extend to you all the hospitalities and privileges our city and its citizens can offer. Your object in this meeting or conference is wholly unselfish and worthy of the support and assistance of our people. It is for the purpose of exchang- ing ideas in order that you may determine the best methods of administering charities or immediate relief to those who, through unfortunate circum- stances, are unable to provide for themselves, and where it is possible to do so, to place such people in a position to assist themselves and enable them to be independent of charitable aid. The work of charity does not mean only the dispensing of comforts and necessities for immediate relief to those who are deserving and needy, but, according to my understanding of such work, more actual good can be accomplished where it is possible to do so by pro- viding means of self-support and independence. I believe out of the custom of indiscriminate or promiscuous dispensing of charities by individuals or separate organizations, has grown a system of imposition, and many profes- sional dependents who are not deserving take advantage of these conditions, while many who are in need find it difficult and some times impossible to ob- tain the necessary relief owing to those known dangers of imposition. I believe it was through lack of systematic methods that it was possible for the class commonly known as "tramps" or "hobos" to exist and practice their imposition during the past number of years upon the charitable public. A very large percentage of this class of the community were able-bodied men, varying in age, when they began this practice, from 25 to 30 years, and, after 260 a few years of such experience, became indolent and unfitted for any kind of employment, and many of them have recently developed into a dangerous class of criminals, known as " Yegge men." It is the wish of all good citizens and all charitable associations that the needy shall be amply provided with the necessaries of life, and to the same decree, it is the desire of all good people to be relieved of the imposter. I believe the only remedy for the relief and assistance of charitably inclined citizens, charitable associations and overseers of the poor is to work in har- many and connection with the local board of associated charities. Therefore, I trust the deliberations of this conference will result in the adoption of methods that will assure ample assistance for the deserving poor and protection to all charitably inclined people aerainst impositions which have prevailed in the past. And in addition to dealing directly for the bene- fit of the deserving poor, 1 hope your conference may result in the adoption of satisfactory methods for the care of the dependent children, consumptive poor, feeble minded and the regulation of child labor. Again, on behalf of the city of Peoria, I wish to thank you for selecting this city as the place of vour conference, bid you a hearty welcome, extend the hospitalities of the city, and wish you success in your undertaking. ^Irs. Bourland — I would like to add to what Mayor Bryan has said, the welcome of our local committees. We feel honored that our city was selected for this meeting of the conference, and we are glad to do whatever we can to assist in the good work in which you are engaged. I will now turn over the gavel to our President, Mr. Hurley, of Chicago. Response to Address of Welcome. By President Hurley. In the absence of the vice-president, who was to have responded to the ad- dress of welcome, I take it upon myself to thank the people of Peoria for the great interest shown in our present meeting. Without the active co-operation of the local committee, our meeting would not meet with the success we all desire. At the last session, when Peoria was selected as the place in which to hold the next meeting, a promise was made by the representatives of your city, that not only would a hearty welcome be given to the members, but ample and complete arrangements would be made by the local committee, which promise has been faithfully fulfilled. It is very essential that this particular conference conduct its proceedings in a harmonious and friendly manner. As we all know, Illinois at the present time is recognized as the most aggressive and intelligent State in the Union, in regard to the (juestion of child-saving. Our juvenile court law aud our State Home for Delinquent Boys and Training School for Girls have attracted the attention of the entire world. Our juvenile court law is recognized as one of the most humane and intel- ligent laws ever enacted in the history of the world, while our treatment of delinquent boys and girls is recognized as the nearest to a perfect plan that has ever been devisea. We need but little more legislation to complete our entire system, and that legislation can bo obtained if ;we act intelligently and present a united front to the next legislature. We should have laws regulating the transfer of children, State visitation of children placed in homes. sufTicient appropriation to maintain the St. Charles Hume for Boys, and possibly provision tor the pay of probation ofl5- cers. No doubt a bill providing for a State Board of Control of our chari- table institutions, embodying the civil service regulations, will be presented to the next legislature. In our discussion during this conference, let us be conservative, patient and considerate. While maintaining our opinions, let us not assume that others, surrounded by different conditions and circumstances, may not have different views and ideas. 261 Let us not deal in personalities or individual reference. Certain conditions exist in reference to our child-saving laws, our charitable institutions, etc. The question for us to consider is the remedy for these conditions. We can- not accomplish this work if you insist on dealing in personalities. The erreat work that has been accomplished in Illinois, in reference to charity work, has been the result of united action. We can and should be able to complete this system, if we only act wisely. I know and feel that the result of this conference will be satisfactory to all of us present. Dr. Glenn is on our program this afternoon for a response, on be- half of the State Board of Charities, to the welcoming address of Mayor Bryan. Word has been received that Dr. Glenn has been un- avoidably detained and cannot be with us this afternoon We re- gret Dr. Glenn's absence. I believe he has sent some word to the conference through Mr. F. C. Dodds, from whom we will now hear. I have the honor of presenting to you Mr. Dodds of the office of the State Board of Charities. Mr. Dodds — I am very sorry that Dr. Glenn is not with us this aft- ernoon as I feel that he could better present to you in person what he has to say about the work of the conference than I can by read- ing what he has requested me to on this occasion. I take pleasure, however, in his absence, in presenting to you the following from Dr. Glenn : Response to Address op Welcome. By Dr. J. A. Glenn. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentl.men of the Illinois State Conference oj Charities: On behalf of the State Board of Charities, of which I have the honor to be a member, I desire to thank Mayor Bryan for the very cordial greeting he has extended to us and for the many nice things he has said about our or- ganization. Personally, I feel that no better place in this great State of ours could have been selected for the seventh annual meeting of the conference than in the prosperous, wide-awake, pushing-forward city of Peoria; a city where so much is being done by private and organized charity for its help- less and unfortunate people. The State Conference of Charities is now in its seventh year. Similar or- ganizations exist in most all of our leading States and are of great service in developing public sentiment on the subject of the right care of the unfortu- nate and criminal classes, both by the State and by private charity. These State conferences are, as a rule, the outgrowth of the National Conference of Charities, and their influence, while it does not cover as large a field as the national body, is more immediately productive of results. Oar organization is yet in its infancy, but that it already has been of great service in helping to mold public opinion, I do not think anyone will ques- tion. It was at its sessions that the sentiment in favor of a juvenile court law in Chicago was crystallized; as the result of the discussions at our meet- ings of the needs of the State for a country home and training school for its delinquent boys, public opinion was shaped into the form of a law creating the Rural Home for Boys, which has recently been located at St. Charles; backed up by the influence of the conference, legislation was secured for an epileptic colony in this State. Unfortunately, however, those charged with the duty of selecting a site were unable to agree, and further needed legisla- tion was not obtained. Tho State Board of Charities will, notwithstanding its failures in the past, again recommend to the next General Assembly the 2C2 creation of an epileptic colony in this State. What it wants at the hands of this conference in tuis reparJ, is the redevelopment and recrystallization of a public sentiment that cannot be ipfnored by our law-makiuf,' body. I want to say for the State Board of Charities that it stands ready at all times to support the conference in so far as it can do so, because it receives a preat deal more from it than it can ever expect to j^ive in return. The mental and moral energ^y and the influence represented in this meeting can- not but produce results, if applied in the right direction, as I am sure they will be. While I am on my feet I want to thank the program committee for the very interesting program it has prepared for this meeting. It is hardly to be expected that any one subject will be equally interesting to all. If you will run your eye down the program you will see that all the questions which are claiming the attention of charity workers will be presented — associated charities, traffic in children, delinquent boys. State supervision of children. State care of consumptives and State care of epileptics. With such a variety to choose from there is not one here but will find something of particular interest and will be able to gather some valuable points to take home and ponder upon. And now just a word concerning the local committees — those who have had in charge the arrangements for this meeting and the entertainment of the delegates. I know fjom experience that such an undertaking means a great deal of hard work— work that is too often not appreciated. That these people have done their work well, the attendance at this meeting and the diversions that are promised us speak for themselves. The efforts of these good citizens of Peoria are appreciated by the State Board of Charities and it thanks them for what they have done. The President — This concludes our program for this afternoon. It is short and purposely so, the program committee thinking a brief opening session and more time for the delegates to become acquainted would better pave the way for a free discussion of the important questions which are to come before us at this meeting. The local committee has arranged for a visit to the Bradley Poly- technic Institute this afternoon. I hope all will avail themselves of this excellent opportunity of visiting this institution of learning and seeing what is being accomplished there. If there is no further business to come before us at this hour we will now adjourn until 8:00 o'clock this evening, when we will have the pleasure of listening to Mr. Byers, of Ohio. Immediately after the adjournment the delegates proceeded to the Bradley Polytechnic Institute, transportation facilities having been furnished by the local committee, and two hours were well spent in visiting the various departments of this institution. Evening Session. The conference reconvened at 8:00 o'clock, President Hurley pre- siding. The President — We have with us this evening a man who has come all the way from Columbus, Ohio, to tell us what he knows about social burdens. I refer to Mr. Joseph P. Byers. Mr. Byers is general socrotary of the National Conference of Charities and Correction and also secretary of the State Board of Charities of Ohio. He has made a study of charitable problems and is exceptionally well qualified to speak to us upon the subject he has chosen. I now take great pleasure in presenting to you Mr. Byers. 263 Some Social Burdens— What They Are, and What We Are Doing to Lighten Them. By Joseph L. Byers, Secretary, Ohio Board of State Charities, and General Secretary, National Conference of Charities and Correction. The importance of the work of organized society in the domain of charities and correction cannot be over estimated; neither can its magnitude be exag- gerated nor its possibilities for future good foretold. This work cannot be dwarfed by comparison. It stands shoulder to shoulder with the work of the church; or if it does not, it fails to occupy its proper and legitimate place. For this, the church may not be altogether blameless. But however that may be, in the discussion of the questions set before this and kindred con- ferences, we have a right to expect and ought to demand the best thought, the united and continuous efforts of both organized society and the church. No eight-hour law can be recognized, if we are ever to reach a solution of our social problems. So much by way of introduction. The care and treatment of the insane, the education of the deaf and blind, the relief of the dependent poor, the custody and training of the imbecile, the restraint of the vicious, the control and reformation of the criminal and wayward, the nursing of the sick, and the protection and care of dependent and neglected children, these together make up a self-imposed burden that society has set itself to carry. That this burden is heavy, and in many ways unwieldy, is quite apparent. Yet, great as it is, we are adding to it in many directions, establishing institutions and colonies for epileptics, free public baths, playgrounds for children, municipal lodging houses, hospitals for consumptives, custodial farms for adult imbeciles, and we will in the very nature of things, as time goes on, add others. Some day we may go so far as to modify our present methods of outdoor relief, diverting all or a large part of it to pensions for the aged; and who knows but that we may come to the time when we will turn a willing ear, a ready hand and an open purse to the needs of crippled and deformed children. If. hitherto, the impelling mo- tive actuating society to make provision for some or all of these classes has been selj protection, we must be willing at any rate to ascribe to the State a fair amount of unselfish philanthropy, when it shall adequately provide for decrepit old age and deformed and crippled childhood. With all the demands made upon society in these various directions and in anticipation of the future but certain calls upon its strength and sympathy, it behooves us to scan closely the work we are already engaged in, in order that we may the better adjust the burden and thereby make it easier to be borne. While we may not yet be able or willing to relinquish any part of it, we must in view of future demands already apparent, satisfy ourselves that present methods will, if persisted in, finally decrease the load, and that we are not now dissipating our strength and resources for very inadequate present and future returns. There is good advice in the old adage "let well enough alone." But we progress rapidly nowadays and must remember that what was well enough yesterday, is poor enough today, and will be bad enough tomorrow. And in the light of the present, many of the methods of the past, or more properly lack of methods, are beginning to show to a great advantage. I am not one of those who expect to see reforms accomplished over night. I do be- lieve, however, that in the light of past experience and successes achieved in other places, we are too slow in adopting and putting into operation the same methods that have brought beneficent results in other communities. In asking you to consider with me for a little while a few of society's bur- dens, I am not egotist enough to imagine that I can offer to a considerable number of you anything new. I am not profoundly impressed that we act- ually need anything new. Hather do I believe that our greatest present need is a better understanding and appreciation of some of the things already successfully in operation here and elsewhere. Sociological reforms are sug- gested by experience and students; they become accomplished fact^ only when the average sense of the community demands them. 264 The foundation of all social reform, particularly iu the matters of pauper- ism and crime, must be laid in the care of children. I believe that every child whose parents or guardian have shown themselves unwillinf? or unable to give it at least an opportunity for knowing the good from the bad, whose immorality, bj* practice t»r precept, is so pronounced as to wholly influence it to choose, however involuntarily, the evil — iua word, the children of those who so openly disregard the laws of God and man as to require society to take constant precautions against them or their acts, should become the chil- dren of the State, and to these must be added children whom misfortune has left without a natural protector, and those who, hav- ing reached an age where the law judges them to be in part responsible for their own acts, have come into conflict with the law, and thus under the observation of the courts. The State has, to a considerable extent, assumed over all of these children a direct guardianship and thereby made herself re- sponsible for their development and future usefulness. How is she discharg- ing her duty? What 13 she doing to supply all of those things whose absence in the education of the child predestines it for evil? Much, but there re- mains much to be done. The homeless and neglected children are still too generally put away into institutions. The necessity for institutional or school care for wayward children must not be allowed to influence us as to the best methods for the care of the child who has shown no such tendencies For the former, the discipline and training necessary to counteract habits formed or forming can be often best administered in an institution whose discipline is backed by authority of law. In the other case, no such uecessitj* exists. What these children need, primarily, is the love, affection and guardianship of the family; for in the family lite we And the natural and highest develop- ment of those elements of character that make for good citizenship in a Christian community. It is with no small degree of pleasure that in this con- nection I can refer to the work of the Illinois Children's Home and Aid So- ciety, under the superintendeucy of Mr. Hart. Operating with the avowed purpose of securing "approved homes for homeless children" and to befriend those "neglected, abused or dependent" this society is one of the most effi- cient agencies engaged in Illinois in reducing permanently the burden of pauperism and crime. That it is not doing more, is no fault of the society or its officers. Their success is measured by the amount of human sym- pathy and interest they receive; and if human sympathy is not stirred to its profoundest depths by the cry of the homeless, neglected or abus?d child, then nothing else will reach it. Some fuller expression of it in the State might enable Mr. Hart's, or other similar agencies, to remove from your poorhouses the several hundred children they now shelter. Try it. As for your delinquent children, all the world is beginning to know of the work of the Illinois juvenile court law. And to know of it is to profit from it. But who are these delinouent children and what makes them delinquent? They are those who have haa a bad start, and from no fault of their own. They are the twigs that have been inclined the wrong way. They are those in whom habits have been formed that are leading them into trouble and dif- ficulty. All this the State proposes to rectify so far as it can be done. She removes the child from the evil influences that have hitherto surrounded and molded him; she takes him into her own home, into an institution of her own providing; she sets counter influences at work, influences for good. For a tew years she honestly and faithfully endeavors to straighten the twig, to de- stroy bad habits and to build up good ones. She sends him to school, she teaches him a trade, which likely as not he may not bo allowed to follow on account of some of the peculiarities of the organizations known as labor unions. She gives him moral instruction. All this the State does for two or three years with children who, for the most part, have had ingrained in them from infancy undesirable traits and habits. Then what! She sends them back, with rare exceptions, to the places of their origin under a sort of parole that may mean much or little. What has she done to purify the home whose im- purity justified her in removing the child from it? What has the community done to sweeten the atmosphere where the child became foulT What has been done to render safe his return to it? What after aid, is given to con- firm and strengthen the good impressions received in the period of State cus- tody? The home life or the city life, whichever it has been that has made 265 State care necessary, is as much in need of State supervision and regulation as the product of such life. There is work to be done at both ends. None of these boys or girls should be returned to their homes without at least a reasonable expectation that their reformation, already begun, will be con- tinued. The end of all this effort is the establishment of good character and no consideration must be allowed to intervene that will place this in jeopardy. Delinquent and neglected children are, for the most part, the product of de- linquent parents. I want to tell you what is being done in two localities, and of course there are others, for the correctiveitreatment of these parents. Last year the humane societies in the cities of Cincinnati, Toledo and Columbus, under order of the courts, collected from the parents of neglected or aband- oned children $25,252.21, and this money was every cent used for the needs of their children. There are twenty-six humane societies in Ohio. In their work they are greatly strengthened by a state law that makes abandonment of children or failure to provide, a felony, imprisonment to be suspended during good behavior and proper support of the family. In Ohio a felony is an offense which subjects the offender to imprisonment in the state peniten- tiary, the minimum term being one year. Something of a different sort is being done in New South Wales, Australia, whereby delinquent parents and their delinquent children are both affected simultaneously, I quote from the report of the Comptroller General of Prisons, Frank W. Neitenstein, for the year 1901. He says: "For many years I have urged the necessity for the establishment of Day Industrial and Truant Schools in order to check youthful vagrancy and truancy. The Day Industrial School seems to be particularly fitted for such work. The parent or guardian would be required, under certain penalties, to leave the offending truant at the school every morning at 6:30, and to take him home again every evening at 7. In the institution would be encountered much drill, domestic work, sloyd, education, soap and water, with a fair amount of play. Break- fast and dinner would be provided, and the parents would be, where neglect is proved, ordered by the Committee Bench to pay not exceeding ten shillings weekly (about $2.50) while these remedial measures were in operation. After a time it would be possible to discharge the child on license, so long as an ordinary school — to be named — was attended, and no running about the streets either by day or by night in doubtful company would be allowed." Following the above extract the report recommends the establishment of a juveuile court, I cannot leave this part of my subject without a further word in behalf of crippled and deformed children. Here is a burden as yet untouched, save in a few isolated instances, Modern surgery performs miracles. It stands ready today to cure or greatly modify ninety per cent of the deformities and physical defects of children. A civilized christian community stands aghast at the proposition to quietly and painlessly remove from life the hopelessly unfit. It holds it a bounden duty to give tender and loving care, regardless of expense, to the hopelessly insane and the driveling idiot. Yet in its incon- sistency it permits children afflicted at birth or in early childhood with physical detects and deformities to grow up unattended, their lives obscured and embittered, becoming burdens on their friends, exhibiting themselves on our streets to provoke our charity, or thrust into our pqorhouses. Why not be consistent? If we deem life so precious to the utter idiot that we exhaust every effort to keep him alive, why not, as far as we can, make life tolerable for these little ones? I know what is being done in the public schools of Chicago, and by such institutes as the "Home for Destitute and Crippled Children" in the same city. But Chicago is not all of Illinois, and Illinois is but one state. In my last report to the Ohio State Board of Charities, for 1901, in bringing this matter to their attention and to the attention of the legislature, I said: "In the absence of any private provision * * * let us have a State hos- pital for Crippled and Deformed Children. Let this hospital open its doors first of all to the children now under public care that need its ministrations. Then let it receive the children now in private homes, who. if their condition remains unchanged, must become dependent. Finally, let it, if possible, pro- 266 vide the means whereby the children of our citizens who can aflford to nav for its benefits, maj- do so. Let it have the best medical and surgical sKill that these professions can furnish; and a trades and manual training school that shall afford them the opportunity for acquiring a trade or profession that will fit them as far as possible for self-support." In looking over the last published report of the Illinois Board of State Charities I lind some interesting statistics of expenditures for outdoor relief. Unfortunately, the character of those expenditures and the character and number of those relieved are not shown. But the one fact that for this pur- f)ose you are expending in round numbers three-quarters of a million of dol- ars annually leads to the suspicion that the same abuses that have attended the administration of these funds in other states are not unknown in Illinois. Chief among these abuses are tho rapid and wholesale pauperization of the people, wasteful extravagance and political corruption. We have investi- fated this matter in Ohio — in fact we are still at it, and to some purpose. ive years ago Ohio changed from the county to the township system of relief, with certain restrictions. Under the county system it was a simple case of a township grab for a county fund — everybody get all you can, the county pays the bill. It is different now. The townships pay their own bills from their own treasuries. We have gotten the expenditures back to a point where those who foot the bills can know what and who they are paying for. In some of the counties, to be sure, tne old way of doing things had become so firmly fixed that they seemed to be unable to let go, but the publicity given to them through the Board of State Charities is workiug a reform. The board receives itemized reports from each township and these reports enable us to judge pretty accurately of the character of the outside relief work. For instance: For the past two years we have been able to institute comparisons by counties — grouping those of the same approximate population — and show- ing, by a system of colored charts, their outdoor relief operations. In one county last year, where the reports showed there had been a total disregard of our poor laws, we found that one in every fifteen of population had received outdoor relief. This year the same county reports one in forty. The results so far have been, first — that we have reduced the aggregate of these expenditures in the State not less than $150,000, and will still further reduce them as much more; second — the poor are better cared for than form- erly; third — there has been no increase in the number of the indoor poor. In Indiana the change to the township system has made as good if not better showing. In the larger cities of Ohio we are tending more and more to the total abolition of official outdoor relief. In Columbus, after several years of patient and persistent effort, tho city authorities have accepted the services of the Associated Charities and now grant no relief unless it is recommended by the association. They do this under a special provision in our law. The result: Last winter during the months of December, January, February and March, the official outdoor relief in that city with a population of 150,000, amounted to a little over $1,800. Under the old county system, it formerly reached, in the same months, to from eight to ten times as much, and even under the township system too, it was many times greater. This is a better plan than either the county or township system, and might well be adopted in every community where there is an Associated Charities or kindred or- ganization. I have learned from the proceedings of your former conferences that you have been giving this (|uestion of outdoor relief careful and serious consideration. I have no doubt that you can succeed in materially reducing the size of this particular burden and its resultant evils, which were so clearly outlined in Professor Felmley's report on the subject to your conference in 1900. We have a just and pardonable pride in the number and extent of our hospitals for tho insane ; and take considerable comfort in our homes for children, schools tor the deaf and dumb, blind and imbecile; we find conso- lation in the fact that our poorhouses are attaining to a standard that must soon warrant us in making that word obsolete; and we are not altogether dissatisfied with our penitentiaries; but who has ever heard one word of praise spoken by any one in possession of the facts, in favor of our county jail system and municipal prisons? I have no desire to be harsh in 267 my criticism of these institutions or to dwell long upon the subject. But if any in this audience will take the pains to visit and inspect the jails of his own and neighboring counties and eight or ten of the nearest municipal lockups, and fail to find them, as a class, urgently in need of moral disinfec- tion, he may congratulate himself that he is living in an altogether exceptional community, uncommon in these United States. Furthermore, I venture to predict that if the members of this conference should act on this suggestion, to visit, inspect, and talk about their lockups and jails, and I would not for a single moment charge them with being worse than similar institutions in other states, these places of detention would receive an uplift that would rival the result of John Howard's work in England more than a century ago, would eventually reduce the burden of pauperism and crime in Illinois. The practice of sending men and women to local prisons and jails to serve sentences ought to be stopped. If work can not be furnished them under present conditions, and it seems impossible, then every convicted person of the class that serves such sentences, should be committed to a workhouse. Another thing. No man or woman deprived of liberty and being in good health, should be permitted to be in idleness. As long as we continue to make such strenuous efforts to eliminate the workless man and the won't- work man from free society, we ought to insist upon the application of the law of work to every prisoner. And yet further: The State has very generally accepted the doctrine that punishment is not the end sought by im- prisonment, but reformation. There is another step to go. The idea of vin- dictive punishment of the prisoner is disclaimed. Yet the State either de- prives him of the opportunity of work, fails to supply him work and require of him its performance, or on the other hand, monopolizes for her own use the returns from his labor when he does work. In doing these things she but too often visits a punishment worse than she refuses to inflict upon the pris- oner upon his wife and children. Many prisoners have no family responsibil- ities; many of them have. Man's first duty may be to God, but certainly the second is to his family. Indeed, I strongly suspect that we might place the family first without incurring Divine wrath. When the State, as a means of self- protection, undertakes the reformation of a criminal she ought to be quite sure his family ia not, by that very act, forced into pauperism or driven into crime. In advocating, as I do, the payment of all of a prisoner's earnings — all of them, I say — to his wife, children or parents, when these are shown by careful examination to be wholly dependent upon him, I am aware that I arouse the hostility of prison managements and partisans. Both of these are anxious to have the institutions make a good financial showing. The first, through a quite natural pride of management; the second, for cam- paign thunder. A state, county or city can better afford to pay to the fam- ilies of prisoners the whole amount of their earnings than they can to stand charged with the making of paupers, dependents, criminals and prostitutes out of the members of these families. The head of a family, father, mother son, should be made to feel and fulfill their responsibilities. Better that the support should come from the responsible head, even though under compul- sion, than that it should be doled out through the medium of official relief or secured by more questionable methods. There is, finally, one burden we ought to unload for good and all. It is heavy, expensive, profitless and without sense or reason. I refer to the bur- den of political interference and influence in the management of our public institutions and in the distribution of public funds for the relief of the poor. This thing alone is responsible for more than half of the scandals that affect the administration of our institutions and public funds; and to its credit can be placed much more than half the troubles that harass and annov institu- tions' officials. And yet, in full recognition of these things, it has been, with a few notable exceptions, complacently borne. But the signs of the times point hopefully to a better day. High noon may be a long way off, but the dawn is here. In proof of this, I want to give you a few of the signs. The Governor of Indiana is now engaged in stumping that state. He is using be- fore the people as a reason for retaining his party in power the argument, 268 based on fact, that his party rescued the state institutions ot Indiana from the control of partisan polities; and furthermore, announces it as the future policy to make the divorce permanent. Is there hope in thatT The Republican party of New York, at its convention held a few weeks ago at SaratORa, inserted the following in its platform: "In the treatment of those unfortunates in asylums and hospitals with whose care the state is charged, we believe in maintaining the highest standard of perfection attainable without extravagance, and cordially approve of the laws which have given immediate benefits to the inmates, and at the same time have made possible the reduction and elimination of such expenses as add nothing to the true improvement of their condition or to the betterment of the institutions themselves." The Democratic party of the same state, a week or two later, put the fol- lowing plank in its platform: **Wc demand that the administration of the state hospitals for the care and medical treatment of the insane, and also the charitable institutions of the state, be made absolutely free from all partisan influences; and that they be conducted on progressive lines, with due regard to economy and for the wel- fare of the inmates of the institutions and the protection of the state: that citizens of the state acquainted by service and experience with its puilan- thropic activities should share in the management of these institutions, in order that they may be preserved from all partisan influence which would be a grave danger and detriment to the unfortunate inmates and a lasting injury to the state. "The past year has witnessed the arbitrary legislative removal from office of over one hundred distinguished citizens, who were giving their time and efforts gratuitously to the amelioration of the condition of the insane. Sim- ultaneously with this removal of the local supervision was enacted a scheme for increasing the bureaucratic administration of the State hospitals and cen- tralizing the details o^ administration in the control of the commission. We condemn this policy as a subversion of the true interest of the wards of the State and call for legislation looking to the creation of strong local bodies of supervision and oversight." I expect to live to see the time when political control of our institutions for partisan purposes will be only a recollection. Sisyphus, we are told in an old Greek legend, was during his life the craft- iest of all mankind. It is related how, when death came with his summons, Sisyphus caught and bound him and for a long time held hira a prisoner. He thereby prolonged his own life. In fact nobody died. But after a while death escaped, with the assistance of one of the gods, and in turn carried Sisyphus off. Even after he had thus reluctantly joined the shades this Greek hero found the means to return again to earth, his wife, who was still in the fiosli, aiding him. (He must have been a model husband.) At any rate he lived to a green old age and gave no little trouble to death before ho could be induced to make the second journey to hades. Since his arrival there he is said to be t-ngagod in the delightful occupation, assigned to him for his pins committed in the flesh, of rolling a huge stone up a steep hill, doomed forever to have it slip from his control just as he is about to reach the sum- mit, and roll to the bottom. Unfortunately for Sisyphus, he, like the Wan- dering Jew, must ever go on and on, keeping eternally at his hopeless, never- ending and wearisome task, and denied even the boon ot growing discouraged. The story of Sisyphus reminds me in many ways of the work in which you. who have assembled here, are for various reasons, interested. The progress of social reforms is slow; the work of the reformer diflicult and uncertain. For him the hill of Sisyphus is become a mountain; a mountain built up of the ignorance, the indifference, the apathy of society; and up this steep ascent he persistently rolls his reform measures only to see them, time after time, roll back upon and beyond him. But the workers of social reforms seldom, if over, grow discouraged to the quitting point. It might be better if some of them did. They have long ago learned that their journey up is to be often 269 re-trod, and they have further learned that their stones do not always roll quite so far back as the starting point. Something is being gained with each effort. A little, not much, but still something. The modern Sisyphus will learn, is learning, to conserve his strength. He is beginning to see the futility of all his efforts, to realize the disappointment of reaching the goal, so long as it lies at the summit of a mountain of popular ignorance, indifference and unconcern. He knows that poised on such a summit there is nothing gained; that with such a foundation no reform is truly and finally accomplished. There is no nourishment there. The air is cold. A perpetual frost reigns. Wisely, I think, he is more and more devoting himself to removing the mountain. Go over it he cannot, around it or through it, he must not. Level it he will with the tools being given to him on every hand and among which this and similar conferences must be counted as invaluable and indis- pensable. The President — If there is any body present who would like to ask Mr. Byers a question he would be very glad to answer it. T am sure we would all be pleased if he would tell us something about the next National Conference of Charities and Correction. At our last meet- ing we had a very instructive talk on the National Conference by Mr. Hart, the then retiring secretary. The result was that the conference appointed a number of delegates to attend and Illinois was well re- presented at the Detroit meeting. Mr. Byers— I believe Illinois had the third, possibly the fourth largest repre- sentation of any State. The National Conference looks upon the State Con- ference as its own child. What your conference is for Illinois the National Conference is for the nation. The National Conference affords an opportunity for a post-graduate course. I want to give you an idea of what we expect to do at our next meeting. The conference will meet in Atlanta early in May. Steps have already been taken to arouse the South on the question and I can promise you that nothing will be left undone to secure a very large representation from all the Southern States. But we must not allow this to interfere with the delegates from the Northern States. One of the principal topics to be discussed is the question of the State supervision of charities. At the present time some of the States have the Board of Control fever and this is a very important topic for the National Conference to be interested in. Of course, the standing committees, the insane, epileptic and feeble-minded, will be continued. Another commit- tee will be that of prison reform; another one is that of juvenile delinquents; a sixth committee is the housing of the poor, and still another committee will be that of dependent children. I take it for granted that you understand about the membership of the National Conference. The State Conferences have no membership fee, but the organization of the national body makes it necessary to have a member- ship fee. The printing must be done by the conference itself, and there are other expenses in connection with the meetings. The membership fee has been fixed at $2.50. This entitles members to the Quarterly Bulletin and a bound copy of the proceedings of the conference. The proceedings usually run about 500 pages and are sent to each member of the conference. Now I hope this conference will appoint a goodly number of delegates to the Atlanta meeting. If we can have large delegations from the Northern States we will tiy very hard to get a one- fare rate for the round trip, and I am quite sure that Mr. Tanner, Mr. Bicknell and some of the leaders will make arrangments for a special train. Possibly we can join our forces and capture Atlanta again, but in another way. If you will drop me a card I will be glad to furnish you with any information. I thank you for this opportunity of speak- ing upon the questions which are very near to me. 270 The President — The dele^'ates are to be honored by a reception tendered them by the local committee and the people of this city who are interested in our work. If there is no further business to come before us at this time we will now adjourn to 9:00 o'clock tomorrow morning. The reception committee will be glad to see all of you in the reception room on the lower floor and the chair hopes that you will avail yourselves of thi.s oportunity of meeting the charitably in- clined people of Peoria. The reception was a delightful social affair. Light refreshments were servecl and the delegates were given a warm welcome and made te feel that their visit to Peoria was appreciated. Second Day— Wednesday, October 22. The conference reconvened at 9:00 o'clock a. m. The President — I believe there are some committees to be appointed at this hour. If there are no objections, the chair will, without any motion to this effect, appoint the following: On Resolutions— Dr. Jos. C. Gordon, Miss Mary Hazzard and Mr. Geo. W. Curtiss. On Time and Place of Next Meeting— Mr. J. E. McClure, Miss Maud Par- cells and Mr. Walter L. Gosper. The committee on nominations and program will be announced later. The subject for discussion this morning is the "Relation of Asso- ciated Charities to the Personal and Institutional Charity of a Com- munity," Walter L. Cosper of Peoria, will discuss this matter first. You are all acquainted with Mr. Cosper and he needs no introduction. The Relation of Associated Charities to the Personal and Institutional Charity of a Community. Walter L. Cosper. Superintendent, Associated Charities, Peoria, 111. The title of thi& paper perhaps, should be the "proper" relation of associ- ated charities to personal and institutional charity. It would seem gtranpe, indeed, if some sort of relationship did not exist between associated charities, and the sources of charity referred to. But that relationship is not always what is wished for, and is not infrequently a subject of vexation and distrebs. By "personal" charity 1 mean all that which may be affirmatively or nega- tively expressed by individuals in the following aiverse ways: First, sub- scriptions to .societies and institutions; second, personal service; third, dimes and Quarters to miscellaneous and peculiar applicants; fourth, a cursory, if any, knowledge of the true nature of affairs demanding charitable considera- tion; tifth, a feeling of apathy, if not antipathy, to the whole charity scheme, founded in an unauthonticated belief that it is an inconsequential subject, suited mainly to cranks, failures in other walks in life or superanuated per- sons of almost any accupation. The first are the bono and sinew of the whole work, since those who give of their means are usually more readj' with their moral support; the second, personal service, should be in the ascendency, for the trend of all modern thought, backed by years of experience and study of the problem, and best 271 of all, by the example of Him whose charity found expression in this form, emphasizes the development of the individual charitable spirit; the third, in- discriminate giving, results from selfishness and indifference, and aggravates a condition sought to be remedied. If the habit of such giving cannot be made to yield to a practical demonstration of its harmfulness, there should be a statutory enactment making indiscriminate alms-giving an offense; the fourth, or those having only a cursory knowledge, may, with sufficient pa- tience and willingness, be moved up to the first or second, and the fifth, perhaps with some others not named in these divisions, need to realize that the administration of charity is a science, or more aptly speaking, an art, and that nowhere is greater fitness demanded if the needs of the poor are, from motives, first, of common humanity, and second, of social preservation, to be adequately dealt with. The institutional charities, in my interpretation, go beyond asylums, re- formatories, etc., commonly denominated institutions, and include all the regularly organized and incorporated bodies which do charitable work. Here we have an imposing array. Homes for all kinds and classes of children and adults, benevolent organizations of limited or unlimited field of operation, which give rnaterial charity, visit the sick and do a number of other things; public relieving officers, church societies — in fact all those sources which exist ostensibly for the improvement of the condition of the poor. One is almost convinced that there are charities enough to meet every form of want or distress, and the giving public is wont to groan aloud over what it considers an unnecessary multiplication of institutions. Yet here we are, day after day, wrestling with problems because of the inadequate provision for many and peculiar types, and staving off the crisis as best we can in the hope that the future will develop an equipment necessary to a civilized solu- tion thereof. Now I have not written this brief paper in the belief that my auditors would consist of charity workers exclusively, but in the reasonable assurance that the activity of the conference officers and local committee would be suc- cessful in gathering in a considerable number of new members. On this theory I shall beg the indulgence of the elect while I state the principles of associated charities. This work is new on our city. We have only lately passed our first mile-stone, and are still perhaps in an experimental stage. I say experimental, not with reference to the principles of work, but as to whether or not the second city of the State will give organized charity a permanent place in its charitable curriculum. Nearly 150 associated charities and charity organization societies in as many cities in the United States are today working substantially along iden- tical lines, namely, to reduce vagrancy and pauperism and ascertain their true causes; to prevent indiscriminate giving; to protect the community against imposition; to see that all cases of real need are properly relieved; to make employment the basis of relief; to elevate the home life, health and habits of the poor; to prevent children from growing up as paupers. The means to be employed would seem almost obvious, and are embraced in the following co-operation between all charitable agencies and persons; a system of registration to prevent imposition; thorough investigation and the most suitable action in each and every case: obtaining from existing charities the precise help needed; giving temporary relief only, in cases of extreme emer- gency; a system of volunteer visiting which shall substitute friendliness for alms, and inspire to thrift, self-respect and better modes of life; a careful study of the causes of pauperism, and the best methods of dealing with des- titution and degradation. It would be a risky statement to say that any society has attained to its ideal, even in a single department of its work, but that is not an argument for the dismissal of an ideal. Results in any or all directions, even if not Utopian, are often hopeful. But their continuity must be relatively as the in- dividual and corporate charitable sentiment and activity are awakened, edu- cated and directed. There must be no lagging. The forces which cause decay are never idle, and the unattractive side, so viewed, of work for the 272 poor, exerts such an iutinence on many that their help is of little value unless thej" have strengthened and fortified themselves with a conception of the wholesome possibilities in the social outlook. The process of development of the means by which an associated charities purposes to accomplish its objects, comprehend the whole range of charitable activity. Whatever point we may consider, if it relates to the care of the Boor, is invariably linked in some aspect to that essential factor, co-operation, loes not this term then adequately express not only the relation of associated charities to other charities, but the inter relation of all? If the emphasis and argument to which it has been subject during the history of organized charity count for anything, I think there is but one answer. Thus, charity, as one of the dominant forms of human progress, must or- ganize, if it is to remain such. Indeed, whether we wish it or not, organiza- tion is inevitable if the best, the wisest, the most humane things, are done for the relief of poverty and distress. Organization comprehends combination. You may resent this because the result of combination in the business world has led to the "trust," whose destination seems to be self-aggrandizement. Under its regime even "every fellow for himself and the devil take the hindmost" becomes an altruistic sentiment. Charity is in no danger of becoming a trust in this sense, and the spirit moving it to combination would scarcely be analogous to that which is responsible for the trust of commerce. Associated, i. e., organized, charities, is therefore self-explanatory in con- siderable measure. It comprehends the afl&liation of the various charities to strengthen the work of organization and solidify the total of charitable effort. Not only does it wish to avoid doing the business of the established charities, but its existence at once argues the poesibility of making them more thorough and effective. After all. we have to do with people and not institutions, which are merely the expression of a group of persons in a certain form of charity. Sometimes more, but usually less in charity work than elsewhere, the individual charac- teristics expressed in envy, jealousy, prejudice and immovable opinion are met with. As a distinct organization in a sense, how is Associated Charities to get into the right relation to the other charitable forces? Its purpose is clear and its principle fundamental. The great weight of its influence then depends upon its personnel— the people who believe that its purposes are far- reaching and can and should be accomplished. Boards of directors which do not direct, committee members who are non-committal, and oflScers who at- tach no responsibility to their positions, will do little toward inculcating the spirit of enlightened charity in persons and institutions. This is not a condi- tion peculiar to Associated Charities as an organization ^er s?, but one which can be found to exist in charitable enterprises everywhere. What is the attitude of the charitable community to an Associated Chari- ties? How much has the individual almsgiver considered the effect of his efforts? How far beyond the immediate function of granting aid to persons in need does the work of a relieving society extend? What reference to the results of the administration of public relief by an overseer of the poor are made by that ofhcial? Will he see in Associated Charities a design, which if fulfilled may eliminate outdoor relief and thus make his office unnecessary? Seeing it, is it possible to count upon his assistance in furtherance of the un- dertaking? Few factors have exerted the tremendous opposing influence to the remedial and constructive work of organized charity, more than that of an indifferent or mal-administration of public relief. I am reminded here of a society whose organization being suflieiently strong, that is to say, whose officers and members by contact with the prob- lem became so convinced, not only of the waste of means, but of the perpet- uation of poverty and pauperism entailed in the ^system of public relief in that community, that it was enabled to command the intelligent charitable in- terests and progressive citizenship in the support of necessary legislation to correct an absurd system. The results of this application of common sense 273 principles were speedy and beneficent, and substantially demonstrate the potentialities conceived iu the relation of Associated Charities to other chari- ties. Reforms, however, do not have their inception in individuals not familiar with their necessity. An intelligent citizen does not wish to commit himself to an undertaking without some knowledge of the premises. There must be an initial influence, but it must proceed from an unquestionable source or author- ity, and often requires time and personal observation to insure conviction. With some modifications the same is true of the institution. Associated Charities must obviously, then, inform itself as to the exact con- ditions which prevail. This information must include the condition of the poor, the extent and growth of. pauperism, deteriorating influences, and a conception of a normal industrial basis as opposed to either a period of de- pression or unusual activity on the one hand, and the public, private and in- dividual charitable forces, their means, capacity and fitness, on the other. By comparing these we may learn if there be overlapping, or whether there be sufficient material to even hide the nakedness of a community's social mortification, exhibited in the increasing dependency of its members. Voluntary societies and institutions are, I believe, generallj^ managed by persons whose motives are animated by a right desire. It is with no wish to dictate, then, that Associated Charities devotes itself to an analysis of the situation. An Associated Charities does not give material charity only be- cause that function is performed by several agencies which make that their business. It does not conduct a kindergarten, or a children's home, possibly for similar reasons. But equipped with a knowledge of the needs and re- sources of a community, the Associated Charities becomes a supplementary force. Here is a woman asking to have her children given temporary care. Her husband has deserted her and she must become the bread winner. Four children, rent to pay, food, fuel and clothing to purchase and an outlook any- thing but promising. We ask an agency for children to take two of them. By this means one room for the mother and two children will suflice, reduc- ing the rent more than half. She is tidy, capable and industrious, and finds she can pay her rent and other expenses, and perhaps a little for the care of her children in the home. But what about the husband? We must invoke legal aid. That is less easy. The prosecutor is not interested. Though a duty of his office to cause the apprehension of deserting husbands, he is not overly inclined to exertion; in fact, he would rather evade the duty. Pres- sure is brought to bear, and an officer sent for the man. But suppose he is in another state. Then he can not be had without great difficulty. Perhaps there is no extradition for desertion. Is the law defective? Then we are crippled indeed. Where will it end? The deserted wife finds less work. Charitable relief must supplement her income. Soon this ceases. She applies for aid from the poor master. Her pride and independence receive their first blow. Nobody takes further notice, because, is she not being properly fed by the county? It is much easier to approve of coal and groceries from the public tax, than to give time and brains to devise some plan to keep her self- supporting and self-respecting. A few months and the former neat home be- comes neglected. Requests for aid are less difficult to make, and there is an easy yielding to idleness. Where is the end? From neglect to poverty and from poverty to pauperism. Children neglected and mother dissolute. Here is a social evolution. Also a social malefaction. Who is the malefactor? Sometimes the process is slow, sometimes swift, and we are conscious of the tragedy only when we contrast the beginning and the end. This is not an uncommon case. The points to be emphasized here are the harmonious re- lation of charitable agencies to relieve distress, to concentrate their influence in strengthening the defects of the law or its execution, and the need of a sensible person whose counsel, oversight and permanent friendly interest may help to neutralize the disintegrating forces. '■ But, though there may be communities where specialization is highly devel- oped and there exist more sources which can be readily utilized in the proper disposition of families and persons demanding care, yet Associated Charities —18 C. still finds itself confronted with a residuum of cases for which suitable treat- ment niMst be evolved by its own ingenuity and resourcefulness. And while these ca^es may not become known to other agencies, their consideration and disposition relieve these agencies of much embarrassment and perplexity. But there is a tendency among societies and institutions doing a specific work— and I do not sav this on an assumption of worthier purpose or superior ability by Associated Charities designed to reflect upon their ppirit and intel- ligence— to conservatism and failure to perceive the relationship of their par- ticular line of work{ to the whole problem. We have referred to the charit- able agencies conceived by the general public to exist in almost oppressive numbers. Most of these are conducted by men and women whose only re- muneration is the relief of distressing circumstances. In a community of 100,000 people, there are 100 organizations and institutions for social service in Its various phases. Multiply these by 250, as a liberal estimate of those who give of their time and means in their proportion. Add 10,000 as repre- senting the so-called "submerged tenth," in whose behalf these sources of help are provided and maintained. Add 40,000 or 50,000 more for children and others upon whom the burden of care for the poor may not be laid, and there remains 20 to 25 per cent of the population — careless, indifferent, easy- going people, to whom the subject of charities carries no weight, conveys lit- tle meaning, arouses no thought of responsibility expressed in action. Thus I say that if Associated Charities, standing for the development and uplifting of the poor by principles involving the practice of the human relationships or mutual obligation and dependence, were viewed solely as an educational me- dium for stirring this mass of inert humanity to at least an intelligent knowl- edge of the presence and intent of this best interpretation of charity, its ex- istence were more than justified. The President — The discussion of this topic will be opened by Mr. Bicknell of Chicago. Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell — I hope I will be pardoned for introducing into this discussion such a simple subject as a bedbug. I presume 1 ought to ex- plain to this audience what a bedbug is. One time there was a German peddler engaged in selling bedbug poison. He called upon a certain indi- vidual to explain the method of administering it. "The way to use this poison," said the German, "is to catch your bug. pry his mouth open, drop the poison in his mouth and he will die from the effects of it." "What is the use of all that trouble?" responded the man whom he was en- lightening upon the subject of bedbugs. "All I do is to find the bug, knock him down on the floor and step on him." "Yes," replied the peddler, "that is a pretty good way, too." Now we have to convince the public that our way of dispensing charity is better than simply sending in a load of coal or a sack of flour. Wo have to establish a relationship between the community and the bureau of charities. The fir.^-t thing that is essential to the right sort of relationship in any city is to make the public understand what the Associated Charities is for; why it is necessary to adopt certain rules and regulations which are more or less com- plex in their nature; why it is necessary to employ people and pay them salaries, when for generations back the people have been accustomed to do their charitable work as a voluntary act and have been accustomed to con- sidering such a thing as paying anybody as something that ought to be frowned upon. Systematic charitable work is a thing that has to make its way slowly in any community. People have to be convinced that it is right. We must first make the people understand that our way is the right way and the best way. Then we have to convince them that our plan is the right plan, and convince them that they can repose confidence in our organizations. Vou can not fool the people very long, although you may for a while. You must make the Seople see that the management is such that it can be looked upon with con- dence. When you reach this vital point, the public will come rapidly into 275 line. When a society reaches the point that any citizen feels that he can send an applicant to it who may need a thousand things or innumerable kinds of help, with the full assurance that it will take up the whole group of circumstances and work out a perfectly feasible plan by which the applicant may again be put upon his feet and made self-supporting, then the people will have confidence in the society. Every society must aim at getting these various applicants back to a state of self-dependency. When a citizen can feel that he has within his reach an organization that can do that sort of thing, then he is going to cooperate with it; he is going to respond to its re- quests for assistance. If he has got $5 and can afford to give it, he will gladly give it when that point is reached. An Associated Charities properly conducted is not a competitor in the charitable field with private church or other societies, audit is not going to deprive them of their just part of the work. On the contrary, it will work in perfectly active reciprocal rela- tions with them. If these other societies look upon the Associated Charities as a competitor, reciprocal relations can not be maintained. But when they are convinced that the bureau is not a competitor, they come perfectly naturally into line and will be ready to work with it in anything that comes along. These societies, which do a limited work, are continually finding objects of need which they can not give. When a case of this kind is found, the thing to do is to take it to the Associated Charities and say, here is this family or individual that needs a lot of things we can not do, as we are not organized for this particular kind of work. The Associated charities will help such cases in the right way and will see that the right kind of help is given today, tomorrow and the nest day. Anybody who has had any experience in charitable work knows that the best kind of help, given at the wrong time, is just as bad as the wrong kind of help. When a dozen societies are work- ing in the interest of the same family without any cooperation, the help ex- tended can not come at the right time and in the right way. It is perfectly impossible. It therefore becomes necessary in any city of a large population, in order to avoid a tremendous waste of money and effort, to have some ad- ministrative society which undertakes to make every dollar's worth of charitable money do a dollar's worth of good. In a village everybody knows everybody, and it is not necessary. In a city, it is absolutely necessary, un- less the charitable work is to be dreadfully wasted and mixed up generally. The President — We will now hear from Miss Mary P. Roberts, superintendent of the Associated Charities of Jacksonville, who will further discuss this subject of Associated Charities. Miss Marjr P. Roberts of Jacksonville — Organized charity is not an air plant. If it is to grow and do its work it must have its roots in the hearts of the citizens and charitable institutionss. Mr. Cosper has clearly stated some of the services organized charity is try- ing to render the communities in which it is found, things which need doing and which are worth the doing. If the citizens are impressed with the value of the effort, their relations can not fail to be friendly and co-operative. The fir?t line of work mentioned is the reduction of vagrancy and pauper- ism and ascertaining their true causes. The police force is paid for doing part of this work. The police sometimes arrest vagrants, and they may know the true cause of vagrancy and pauperism, but no record is made of it and their knowledge is therefore useless in enlightening the public. In the city of Jacksonville, since the establishment of the Associated Charities two and a half years ago, with its work test provided by the city, it is the testimony of the mayor and many citizens that vagrancy has been greatly reduced. Tramps do not leave the trains there unless forced to do so. A second effort is to prevent indiscriminate giving. This can only be ac- complished by reference to records kept, which show what has been and is being done for certain people. Associated Charities also attempts to see that all cases of real need are properly relieved, and makes employment the basis 276 of relief. No church or lodsre attempts to look after the poor ontside its membership, and none furnish employment. It is therefore a preat relief to all of them to know that there is an organization which is looking after those whom they do not seem to be in a position to assist. As superintendent of one of these orpfanized efforts, I think some of us are too modest. We pive the best of our time and thoughts to our work and we should consider ourselves specialists, to be consulteaas are lawyers and doc- tors. As Mr. Humphreys said last year, wa should, with our boards of di- rectors, form an authoriative basis, an authority upon sound principles and effective methods of charity work. If we prove ourselves worthy of this high regard, we shall in time receive it. In every city there are certain things which require looking after, and for which no one seems responsible. There are many children of school age wh« do not attend school and who are not reported to the truant officer. We are in a position to know of some of these children and should report them and use every effort to see that they are placed in school. Our truant law, or its execution, is so weak that the mere reporting of a case does not always ac- complish anything. We should also relate ourselves to the county commissioners. If we can not persuade them to turn over the entire work of the supervisor to us, as we attempted to do and failed, we can secure the appointment of a supervisor who will work somewhat along the lines of organized charity, and give or withhold at our request. We should also be able to secure from the commis- sioners grants of money for the support of children in such home as Geneva and Glenwood, and also for the transfer of children to societies like the Illi- nois Children's Home and Aid society. We should also be on friendly terms with the county judge, in order that he may be consulted with as to the dis- position of first offenders, deficient children and others. These are some of the thoughts suggested by Mr, Gosper's helpful paper. The President — The chair understands that Miss Hutton of Kan- kakee, who is on the program for a further discussion of this subject, is not with us this morning. We will therefore pass to the next sub- ject, which is that of "Children, Epileptic and Feeble-Minded in County Almshouses and Jails," Mrs. Clara P. Bourland of this city, whom we all know, will toll us what she knows about this subject. Children, Epileptic and Feeble-Minded in County Almshouses AND Jails. By Mr?. Clara F. Bourland. Daring the past year, in compliance with chapter 85, section 34, Revised Statutes of Illinois, the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities has appointed ninety-two Boards of Auxiliary Visitors of county almshouses, jails, etc. The law provides that each board shall bo composed of three per- sons, one of whom may be a womjiu, and at least one of whom shall be a qualified physician, ^^o compensation or allowance of expenses whatever is ranted. They are authorized to visit and inspect every almshouse, jail, _ousb or place within their respective counties in which any person of unsound mind is detained, except State and licensed private hospitals for the insane, and to report to the State Board of Charities upon the conditions existing, upon prescribed blank forms. Of the ninety-two boards appointed, eighty-one reported to the State Board, and from ten no reports were received. Inspections of the almshouses and jails in the othfr twenty-one counties were made by representatives of the State Board, The following table will show the number of inmates in the county almshouses by color, nativity and sex at the various dates of inspec- tion, also classes of inmates present and insane wearing restraint and locked in rooms: I 277 Inmates Present. Females. White- Native . Foreign Colored Total... 1,404 1.279 23 2.756 Classes of Inmates Present. Females. Insane Feeble-minded and idiotic Deaf mutes Blind Epileptics Children under 16 years of age To balance (not classified) Total 1.463 163 21 53 177 77 2.756 Insane Wearing Restraint and Locked tn Rooms. Males. Females. Wearing restraint 61 74 59 Locked in rooms 60 The following: table will show the number o£ prisoners in county jails, over and under sixteen years of age, and their classification at various dates of inspection : Prisoners Present. Males. Females. Over 16 years of age . Under 16 years of age Total 1.169 29 1.198 Classification of Prisoners Present. Males. Females. Awaiting trial Serving sentences Sentenced to penitentiary Sentenced to reform school Debtors City prisoners Insane awaiting admission to hospitals Total Practically all the inspections were made in June last, and the above fig- ures are as of June 30. 278 Tliese fiffures, furnished by the courtesy of the assistant secretary of the State Commissioners of Public Charities, would seem to need no comment. They should speak for themselves. The subjtct of the inpane, the feeble-minded and epileptics in our county poorhouses has been ably and thoroughly discussed at almost every session of this conference— notably in Blooraington three years ago by Mrs. Flower. Doctor Taylor and Mr. Hart. What they said is published in the report of the Board of Charities for 1900. It would seem that the stage of discussion regarding this question is passed — that the last word had been said — and yet the (igures which 1 have just read indicate no perceptible diminution of the number of insane, epileptic and idiotic who still drag out their unhappy lives in our poorhouses. The poor we shall doubtless always have with us and we must forever try by intelligent and scientific means to help them to help themselves to a higher plane of existence. But the burden of the sick, the feeble-minded and the insane, three helpless classes, is iutinitely more diffi- cult to carry. Indeed, it seems to crow heavier every year. No friend of humanity can be indifferent to the question of making public provision for the treatment and care of those who by reason of ignorance, disease, heredity or whatever cause, are unable intelligently to care for themselves. A logical and humane inference would be that our first thoughts for these afflicted beings would include not only provision for their physical comfort, cleanliness, ventilation, etc., but a reasonable use of scientific means tending to a wise development of their feeble powers of mind. Obviously such treatment cannot be obtained in the poorhouses. In the hope and belief that the new hospital at Bartonville would furnish such conditions for all the insane poor of the State, we rejoiced in its building and rebuilding. But although there are already several hundred inmates, the number in our poorhouses remains practically the same. One thing, at least, should be done at once. Tiie word "incurable" should be stricken from the name of the institution. For this name suggests to at least a part of the patients and their friends that there is no hope of cure or relief, a situation not supported by facts. Without hope, life would be insupportable to us who call ourselves sane. We have no right to add to the misery of minds already darkened by depriving them of a belief in improvement and final restoration. The President — Is there anybody who would like to add a word to what Mrs. Buurland has so well said? If not, we will hear reports from auxiliary boards of vicjitors. From whom shall we hear first? Mrs. A. E. D. Petherbridge — As secretary of the board of auxil- iary visitors of Pooria county, I desire to submit the following report of our visitations and inspections: Rkport of Visitation Work of the Peoria County Auxiliary Board. The jail was the first place inspected, and was found in a confused condi- tion, owing to the fact that crowds of people had been Hocking to the jail to lt>f)k at the gallows on which the murderer Ilinckle was to bo hung, keeping the prit^on force too busy to attend to the regular house cleaning work. Thirty thousand people had come from far and near to see the grewsome machinery for ending a criminal's life. The sanitary arrangement of the jail is good, the three-story building is heated by steam, and the plumbing is in good condition. The food served is of e.xcellent (|uulity, and about one pound of meat a day is allowed each pris- oner. The meals are served at 0:00 a. m., 11:00 a. m. and 4:00 p. m. Every prisoner is re(|uired to take a bath twice a week. A religious service is held every Sunday morning from !):00 to 11:00. There were lij inmates, 32 being men and three women; LM of these were American and 11 foreign birth. Of 279 the latter, seven were negroes, two German and two Irish. One American prisoner is a younja: boy of 16, sent in for stealing tobacco. He is an opium nend, and of impaired intellect in consequence. Sheriff Kimsey is superintendent and H. G. Johnson jailer. The state of the building leaves much to be desired in point of light, free circulation of air and general arrangement, but is probably as well conducted as is possible with these drawbacks. Our committee was glad to see that separate apart- ments were provided for boys, saving them from coming in contact with older and more hardened criminals. The women prisoners have their rooms in the second story. WORKHOUSE. At the workhouse the committee found 48 inmates, 47 of whom were men- Of these, four were negroes, 41 native Americans, one English and two Irish, all of normally sane mind. The youngest inmate was 17 years old. With slight crowding, the building accommodates 84. The cells are in two stories, the upper one being provided with fire escapes. The corridors, on one side of which are the cells, are widely separated from each jother, allowing no chance for numbers congregating together. The cot bedsteads are provided with clean, comfortable mattresses, comforts, sheets and pillows. The walls and ceilings are frequently whitewashed, the tables and benches scoured to whiteness, and every part of the building as neat and clean as soap, water and labor can make it. The prisoners have free access to a library of 400 volumes, donated and fre- quently added to by the city library, as books become worn. The men serv- ing their time are employed in the summer at brickmaking, and in the winter in the broom factory, which is an annex to the main building. The average yearly output is 3,600 dozen in two grades, each man being required to make three dozen a day. These brooms are nearly all sold to one firm in our own city. On asking some of the inmates if they were satisfied with their treat- ment they readily answered that they were entirely so. An examination of the kitchen showed the bread to be light, sweet, and made of the best flour. The prisoners are allowed all they can eat; have meat three times a day (altogether one pound a day for each man), with coffee for breakfast and tea for supper. A large printed notice hangs in the corridor where all can see it, and reads "no swearing or profanity is allowed, by order of the superintendent." The building is steam heated and well provided with baths and lavatories. Mr. Joe Broadman and son are the superintendents. A religious service is held every Sunday afternoon, in a large, well lighted room, in the second story, called the womens' sewing room, in which a num- ber of large plants are kept, adding much to the cheerful appearance of the apartment. EMERGENCY HOSPITAL. We inspected the emergency hospital and found it well conducted by its superintendent, Mr. Voris and his wife, who is the matron. Thirty people, including men, women and children were housed there, all of them recover- ing from small pox, one patient being still sick enough to be in bed. The in- mates freely testified to being kindly treated. The building is of wood, two stories high, and was hastily constructed, but is well lighted and ventilated and large enough to accomodate many more than are likely to occupy it at any one time. CALABOOSE. This house of detention is an annex to the City Hall, and is in four apart- ments, one for men, one for women, one for boys, and the fourth for the custodian. Three of the rooms are large and filled with cages in the center, each having a palette and sanitary provision. Here also tramps are given shelter with a supper and breakfast, twice in succession if they apply, but a third request is refused, as in that case they are considered too lazy to work, and consequently unworthy of further assistance. 280 HEALTH DEPARTMENT. The officer in charge assured us that there was less sickness than osaal, and that during the past year the death rate had been only 12 or 13 per cent. HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS. Thirty-two children were in the home, 19 boys and 13 girls. One baby boy of 2 months with its mother was being temporarily cared for. The institu- tion has room for GO children. The present health of the familj' is good, though last winter an epidemic of scarlet fever caused the closing of the house for some time. The sanitary arrangement is poor, because there is no public sewer, and cesspools that are not cemented are the only sources. The building is good, the rooms large, sunny and airy, with good bathing facilities. Some of the children are maintained by private charity, while IJO children and adults are county charges. Many handsome legacies and dona- tions have been made to this institution, and it has always been considered one of the best charities of Peoria. INDUSTRIAL HOME. This institution was located for some years on Richmond avenue, but has lately changed its quarters to a large building on Jefferson street. Mrs. Kimble is its matron. A regular school teacher is employed and the school hours are the same as in the public schools. The children must be taught in the home because many are too young to be sent out, and the older ones can- not be trusted without constant supervision. We found 46 inmates. Forty- two are dependent children, G of them colored. The oldest girl is 17. As soon as good, suitable homes are secured the girls are sent out to be either adopted, or earn their own living as domestics. Early in the year 23 of the children passed through a siege of scarlet fever, but no deaths occurred. Thirty are county charges. A Sunday school and Sabbath services are usually held. HOME OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, In this home are 50 young women and children under the care of the 13 sisters of the Catholic church. The building is a new one, three stories high, the floors of hard wood and the rooms large, well lighted aud ventilated and the dormitories the picture of neatness and comfort. A good sized chapel is used for two services a day. One school session a day is held. The older girls are taught sewing, embroidery and laundry work, and from all these branches a revenue is secured to help the running expenses. They have 40 regular family washings. The work of this institution is two fold — reformatory and industrial. Only three are county charges. Many of the children are orphans and paid for by friends. Others are sent by parents too poor to keep them. The building is supplied with city water, but has neither gas mains or sewer. Each story has a bath room. They have room for 65 children. COUNTY POOR FARM. The last place visited by the committee was the county poor farm, in which 120 men and 70 women are sheltered. Seventy-five of the 190 are insane, four of them dangerously so, and three are negroes. The farm and its inmates are in charge of Superintendent Brooks and his wife, who exercise kindly and perfect control and keep the building in a neat, cleanlj' condition. Few counties can boast that their poor are better cared for. But it is lamentable that these insane inmates are left where they can have noscientific treatment and where they are a menace and allliction to the sane. They should be re- moved to our State asylum. Another thing needed in our almshouse is elec- tric light, lioth gas and lamps are dangerous where so many ignorant and weak-minded people are housed. As a measure of safety some of the floors 281 are left in total darkness during the long winter nights. A more reliable water source than the present shallow reservoir is also needed; perhaps ar- tesian wells would meet the want. A neat chapel on the ground is used for services every Sunday afternoon and is kept up by volunteers from the Peoria Christian Endeavor societies. Thirty cows are kept on the farm and furnish good milk and butter. Other needed supplies are brought from the city once a month. COUNTY HOSPITAL. Our committee was more than pleased with the hospital building and its efficient superintendent, Miss Leads. The edifice is a three-story brick, with spacious halls running the entire length of the building and with large win- dows at each end, admitting fresh air and sunshine. The rooms opening on each side of the hall are of good size, light and cheerful, the cot beds neat and inviting. The men's rooms are on the first floor and the basement, and the women's on the second floor. There are several well appointed lavatories and bath rooms. Both floors have long, broad porches, where convalescents can sit in fine weather. An elevator takes the very sick from one floor to the other when necessary. There is an operating room, where all but the most critical eases can be treated, and another room, fitted up as an office, has a good stock of drug supplies. The hospital has its own ambulance. The county physician visits the sick every Tuesday and Friday, and as much oftener as the superintendent telephones that he is needed. We found 41 pa- tients in the hospital, of whom 11 were women and 30 were men. Four nurses and three helpers comprise the working force of the hospital. The sewerage is conducted by pipes to a ravine half a mile away. A steam laun- dry serves for both buildings. The food is good, and for the very sick, suited to their diseased condition. The President — This is a very interesting report we have from the Peoria auxiliary board. From whom shall we hear next? Mr. Emory Cobb, of Kankakee — Yesterday afternoon the secretary of our board, Mrs. Kenaga, telephoned me she would be unable to attend this con- ference, as she had expected to do, and asked me to come. I thought I would meet a good many old friends here and I told her I would. Our board was organized last summer by the appointment of Doctor Enos, of Kankakee hospital, Mrs. Kenaga and myself. Along in the summer, May or June, our Doctor Enos became insane and died, and we have not made as thorough an investigation as we would if we had a doctor on our board. We visited the institutions under our jurisdiction along the latter part of June. We found 48 inmates in the almshouse. Of this number 41 were of foreign birth, 38 were insane, 2 were epileptics ana there was one girl under 16 years of age. This girl was being held at the almshouse pending a de- cision by the court affecting her interests. Separate provision is made for the insane and they appeared to be well cared for in every way. None were in restraint and all of them appeared very neat and comfortable. The sanitary condition of the institution was found to be excellent. The water supply is abundant, the plumbing good and the facilities for ventilation very satisfactory. The fire protection is reasonably good. Ample provision is made for the suparation of the sexes, they being cared for in separate halls. The facilities for personal cleanliness were found to be excellent. Bathtubs are provided and the rules for the government of the inmates re- quire them to bathe regularly and keep clean. The beds were clean and well provided with covering for cold weather and the premises were entirely free from any traces of vermin. The food seemed to be wholesome and ample and the clothing sufficient. The county owns the farm and it is worked to the very best advantage, small fruits and vegetables being raised in abundance. On the whole, the poor farm and its equipment are in an excellent condition. 2a2 Our report to the State Board of Charities shows that wheu we visited the jail there were seTen prisoners. Of this number, five were awaiting trial and two were servinc sentences. We have a new jail with steel cells and good sanitation. Everythint? about it is in first class shape, and our board made no recommendations for the betterment of the equipment or adminis- tration. We also have a hospital at Kankakee, which is under the care of the Roman Catholic church, but all of us contribute to the expense of supporting it. At present an addition is being made to it for the accommodation often more. As all of von well know we have quite a large State institution at Knnkakee — the Illinors Eastern Hospital for the Insane. Our board was not called upon to examine this institution, but as I have been a resident of Kankakee ever since its erection there and know somewhat of its history, I want to say that as a visitor, I Dave found that it is much better managed and in better condi- tion than certain newspapers have pictured. The President — Are there any others to be heard from? Miss Roberts — I am a member of the Morgan County Auxiliary Board, bat I did not understand that we were expected to make a formal report of our visitations at this meeting. We have made our report to the State Board of Charities. Without the data at hand, I could not undertake to give a history of the number of inmates of our almshouse. 1 do recall, however, that we found 15 insane inmates. We were informed by the superintendent that this large number was due to the fact that they had been returned there from the State hospital. Mrs. John M. Palmer of Springfield— The auxiliary board in Sangamon county, of which I am a member, made its inspection a little over a month ago. 1 have not the statistics at hand, and therefore will not attempt to give you the exact number of inmates we found in our county almshouse and j;ul. 1 recall that the number of inmates of the almshouse was approximately 150, the number of males being in excess of the females quite a number. We found the insane well provided for. They all appeared to be comfort- able, none of them being restrained during the day and all of them having plenty of outdoor exercise. Our almshouse is in a very good condition. It is adequately provided w;ith steam heating and the facilities for ventilation are very good. The drinking water is pure. We made special inquiry into the diet. We found that the inmates are given three good meals daily of wholesome and well cooked food. We watched the bread making with interest, and 1 can personally say it was a pood article. The inmates of our institution are well clothed and have good, clean beds, with plenty of covering for tlu' winter season. The institution is equipped with modern bathtubs and all necessary modern conveniences. The farm is very productive and is in splendid condition. The superinten- dent oversees it and raises plenty of fruit and vegetables. Our board had no recommendations to make looking to a betterment of conditions. We found our county j;iil badly crowded, and were informed th;it it would proV)ably be more so during the coming winter. The food furnished the prisoners seemed to wholosonus and suflicient and the sleeping accommoda- tions fair. The facilities for outdoor exercise are wholly iusuflicient, and we thought a guarded place, in which the prisoners might exercise in the open air. would be very desirable. Hon. Etisley Moore, of Jacksonville— I think it will bo proper to say to this conference, confidentially, that the State Board of Charities, of wliich I am a member, expects to recommend to the next Legislature the establishment in this State of an epileptic colony. (Applause). In this conection I want to say tliut during last summer three of tlie members of our board visited six- teen State institutions in New York, M.i'^sachusetts and Pennsylvania. This trip included a visit to SonycM. New York, where the Craig Cationts, oacli house holding from 28 to 30 patients; while on the outermost imits of the colony, in class three, will come the iuiinnary buildings that may hold hundreds of cases, designed for those who simply demand custody. The Prosident — Hon. Ephraim Banning:, of CbicnRO, had expected to bo present this evening and open the disoiission of this very inter- esting subject. Business engagements, however, have prevented him from being with us, which we greatly regret. Mr. Banning has arranged for Hon. Thomas C. MacMillan, of Chicago, to speak in his place. I understand that the secretary, Mrs. Kiefer, has a letter 297 from Mr. Banning, and before I introduce Mr. MacMillan I will ask Mrs. Kiefer to read what Mr. Banning has to say on the subject under discussion. The Secretary, Mrs. Kiefer — I received the following letter from Mr. Banning this morning, which, I think, contains some very praiseworthy suggestions: Chicago, October 21, 1902. Mrs. Emma W. Kiefer, Secretary Illinois Conference oj Charities, Peoria, III. Dear Madam — I regret exceedingly my inability to attend your conference this week, but circumstances beyond mv control render it impossible for me to do so. But, as I have secured Hon. Thomas C. MacMillan as my substi- tute, I know that after hearing him you will all agree in the view that my part of the program has been carried out — well carried out. During my four years of service as a member of the State Board of Chari- ties I became deeply interested in questions relating to the establishment of a colony for epileptics in this State. At that time I heartily joined with my associates in urging the establishment of such colony, and I regret exceed- ingly that the Legislature failed to carry out our recommendation on this subject. From the humanitarian standpoint I consider the establishment of such a colony as absolutely necessary. In all our insane hospitals are to be found epileptic patients, some of them insane most or all the time, but most of them sane most of the time and some of them all the time. In other words, there 'are many who are normally sane, and most of the time capable of enjoying the ordinary pleasures of life and engaging in its ordinary pursuits. To my mind, it is a disgrace to the great State of Illinois — in fact actually horrible — that such patients should be classed as insane and confined in insane hospi- tals; and, from this standpoint, any one possessing a spark of humanity should be deeply interested in the establishment of a proper institution of the kind suggested. I also consider the establishment of such an institution more than justified from the economic standpoint. It should of course be established on a basis that will provide suitable employment for epileptics capable of working. Out- door exercise is a most essential element in the treatment of this class of pa- tients, and this exercise can be obtained through such outdoor employment as will enable a large majority of them to earn their own living. In addition to this the establishment of such an institution will enable many patients— all epileptic patients — to be taken out of the insane hospitals, thus greatly re- ducing the expenses thereof and increasing the accommodations therein for truly insane patients. Instead of being a charge on the State, as at present, many able-bodied patients, being thus taken out of the insane hospitals and given proper outdoor employment, can be readily put on a basis of self sup- port and also made to assist in supporting others unable to work. In this way the institution, being once started, can be reasonably expected to carry itself, and, as just suggested, made to materially increase our facilities for taking care of the insane without the building of new hospitals, enlarging of our present hospitals, or otherwise increasing expenses. *T"Many other reasons for the establishment of an epileptic colony might be presented, but in view of these general suggestions and without regard to any- thing else, I consider it important for the Legislature to act in this matter speedily. It has been delayed too long already, and, if I may be permitted the suggestion, it is doubtful whether the present administration can ever have an opportunity to do anything more creditable to it and more beneficial to the public than the establishment of the "Yates Colony" for epileptics. Trusting that your conference may be one grand success, I am, Yours very respectfully, Ephraim Banning. 298 The President — Wo will now have the pleasure of listening to the views of Mr. MacMillan. Mr. Thos. C. MacMillan— After the interesting and instructive, and, I may add, very timely address of Doctor Spratling, on the general subject of epi- lepsy, its cause, and especially its treatment, it seems almost supettiuous for one of the laitv, neither an expert nor a specialist, to add even so much as a suggestion. However, I may be pardoned for a word on what I shall call the business side of the subject. The commonwealth which provides broadly for the care of its deficients — if 1 may coin a phrase — is providing best for its own future. This principle is one which profoundly impressed me while I had the honor to serve in the General Assembly of Illinois, during a period of which time I was a member of the committees on State Charitable insti- tutions and on Appropriations. I have never had reason to change my view with reference to the liberal care and treatment of those not able always to care for themselves. The care of an unfortunate in a community whether devoted to ordinary business and domestic life, is very likely to be expensive, almost wasteful — much more expensive certainly than it would be in a public institution, such as we have in Illinois. These institutions of ours are a credit to our public ofi&cials. With all the oflBcials have done, however, they feel they are only beginning in this bene- ficial service. This involves, at once, the humanitarian and economic sides of this great problem. Whatever is thoroughly and properly humanitarian is also, I beg of you to believe, thoroughly and properly economic. It is, to my thought, of the utmost importance then that this subject of the care and treatment of cur epileptics should be carefully, liberally, considered. This group of our deficients is naturally and necessarily eliminated from our normal life. They should not be where delicate women are. The hospital for the insane is no place for them; nor, for that matter, is the institution for the feeble-minded. They must not be permitted to become parents. They are wholly unfitted because of their disease for the customary occupations in which others of sound mind and healthy body can and do find suitable service. They require expert care. They can be made very mutually helpful in segre- ated colonies. The success of this kind of treatment is strikingly seen by the work done in the Craig Colony at Sonyea. N. Y. Illinois may easily duplicate this. We have here, with a 6tate over 3G0 miles long by 220 in width, room at least for two such colonies. As Dr. Spratling so clearly stated, these colonies should be close to the great centers of population; the climate should be suitable for plenty of outdoor work of various kinds; the land should be well drained; there should be an abundance of excellent and flowing water; timber land, as well as farm and garden lands, should be a good part of this colony's plant; suitable clay for brick-working, sand for building, stone for foundation work, and all not more than two or three hours from one-half the population of the State. I am sure our conference cau do no better service iu the line of char- ity for our deficients than to urge upon the next General Assembly the found- ing and maintenance of a colony for epileptics. There are enough of these unfortunates already in the hospitals tor the insane to begin a cousiderable colony. Every countv almshouse, county jail and city lockup should be im- mediately emptied. Those who are inmates of our hospitals for the insane and institution for feeble-minded should be removed at once and colonized. And when the work shall have been properly begun, those who have not given the subject much or close attention will bo greatly astonished — I had almost said shocked — to learn how many epileptics there are now unreported, in homes whose dear ones have cared for them heroically amid every unto- ward condition, and who should bo released of a burden that is certain to show its dire effects upon succeeding generations. In this beneficent work, I am sure we cim count upou the warm sympathy and cordial cooperation of Governor Yates. 299 The President — Mr. Nelson W. McLain, superintendent of the Rural Home for Boys, is on the program this evening for a talk on the subject of delinquent boys. As the hour is late, I think it would be well to postpone this until tomorrow morning. If there are no objections, and the chair hears none, such will be the order, and we will now adjourn until tomorrow morning at 9:00 o'clock. Third Day — Thursday, October 23. The conference reconvened at 9:00 o'clock. The President — You will recall that at our last conference a plea was made for help in establishing the State Home for Delinquent Boys. Since that time the necessary funds have been pledged and a board of trustees has been appointed by Governor Yates. Mr. Mc- Lain, who has been appointed superintendent of the home, is pres- ent and will tell you what progress is being made. We will now hear from Mr. McLain. The Care op Delinquent Boys. By Nelson W. McLain. The newspapers of Chicasfo and throusrhout this State have given gener- ously of their space and influence for promoting the work of estabhshing a Rural Home and School for Boys, an important service, fully appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. Very wide publicity has been given to this movement, and everywhere among all classes the importance of saving the thousands of homeless, neg- lected and delinquent boys, while they may be saved, and while they are worth saving, is duly recognized. Our State has appropriated many million of dollars for building and main- taining criminal courts, jails, prisons and reformatories, but Illinois has done nothing worthy of the State, or anything like she is able to do and ought to do, to save her neglected and delinquent boys. As compared with what has been done in many other states, Illinois has failed to recognize and do her duty to this inportant and increasingly numerous class of boys, most of whom have never had a chance to do well. The rapid increase of crime has become a distinguishing characteristic of our time. Many thoughtful people are beginning to feel that there is some- thing radically wrong with our preventive and corrective methods. From the earliest times to the present day the commonly accepted belief has been and still is, that the function of correctional institutions is essen- tially punitive, that the best way to protect society, to prevent the increase of crime and reform the criminal is bj" punishment. Without entering upon a discussion of the question as to whether the domi- nant theory in the administration of most correctional institutions is true or false, or whether or not the administration is in accord with a correct con- ception of what the real function of such institutions ought to be, taking into account the enormous and continuous expenditure for courts, prisons and re- formatories the results secured are meager and the hopeful expectation of the public has not been realized. Experience has shown that punishment is no cure for the growth of crime, and that there is something fundamentally wrong in the postulate that in correct methods, "licking" may be substituted for loving. A great many people in this State are beginning to realize the fact that in promoting the health of the social body as well as the physical body "an uonce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Many are beginning to 300 realize that the winuincr way to fiprht the increase of crime is to take away what crime teeds on. The army of criminals is being constantly recruited from the increasing supply of delinrjuents, and if society does not soon do something to save delinquent and homeless boys from becoming habitual criminals, they will do something unpleasant for society. But a very small percentage of delinquents can with any fairness be called criminals. They are what Thomas Carlyle called "Potential Criminals." With few exceptions they are simply bad boys, who growing up without par- ental restraint, become indolent, disobedient and truant, and failing into evil association are led to commit some minor offense and fall into the custody of the court. In most cases their arraignment before the bar is their first lesson in responsibility and accountability. At this time in their experience these young delinquents are promising can- didates for the State Reformatorj' or the State Penitentiary, and for lives varying in degrees of criminality. Just at this time, before the habits of in- dolence and delinquency become fixed, if they be grasped by a firm and gentle hand they may be led from temptation and delivered from evil and educated and trained for lives of useful service. If at this threshold of a downward course, "Before the habit bound feet shall lack the will to turn," they are taken out of the environment in which by the accident of birth their lot has been cast, away from evil associations and temptations, away from the moral and physical filth and contagion, out of the gaslight and sewer gas; away out into the woods and fields free from temptation and contagion; out into the sunlight and the starlight and the pure, sweet air of the meadows these neglected, delinquent boys, who presently may become a menace to social order and enemies to civil liberty, may be saved for service toward God, to society and the State. But no provision has been made by the people of the State of Illinois for the care and training of juvenile delinquents, wards of our courts and society. No sheltering institution opens its doors as a home and training school for wayward, ignorant, indolent delinquents. A wise and merciful judge, who recognizes that he bears a parental as well as a judicial relation to the boy at his bar, would hesitate before sending a bad boy who has committed some petty, or even grave offense, perhaps his first offense, to prison, behind grates, bars and stone walls, and among asso- ciates more depraved than he has before known. Such humiliation is enough to break the spirit of a boy, and prison experience is often confirmatory rather than reformatory. The necessity for providing some means for preventing delinquent boys from joining the ranks of criminals was recognized by those to whose inter- est and influence is due the enactment of the juvenile court law and the founding of the juvenile court. The saving influence of this juvenile court will before long make itself felt in every judicial district in this State. Speak- ing from an experience of 30 years on the bench in Chicago, Judge M. F. Tnley said: "The juvenile court law is the greatest work of this kind ever undertaken in Illinois. More can be done in ten years in this juvenile court to suppress crime than can be accomplished in the criminal court in 50 years." This opinion is based on the principle that "an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure." In Cook county we all share in the common conviction that we have been Binguinrly fortunate in this, that the initial interpretation and application of this law, the best of its kind on any statute book, has been entrusted to one singularly well fitted by nature and experience for this important service. But salutary and helpful as is the influence of the juvenile court, the fre- (jutMit discouraging reports of probation ofticers and the frequent return of delinquents to the bar of the court proves that something essential to reforma- tion is lacking. 301 What then is lacking and how is it to be supplied? As the physical reforma- tion of a boy from the streets and slums of our cities, means not only giving him a bath and a warning to stay out of the gutter and keep clean, but also supplying him with clean clothes, and a clean bed, with plenty of good whole- some food in sanitary surroundings, so does the mental and moral reformation and the practical education and training of juvenile delinquents demand and include their removal from physical and moral filth and contagion, from the evil inflluences and social conditions of their environment to a favorably situ- ated rural home and school, where surrounded by most wholsesome and stimulating influences their mental and physical energies shall be kept fully emploj'ed. The State of Illinois furnishes a vast constituency and a needy and sadly neglected one, for a rural home and industrial school. Death and misfortune, thriftlessness, dissipation and crime leave thousands of children homeless or worse than homeless every year. By those familiar with the facts it is esti- mated that there are 10,000 such unfortunate boys in Chicago alone. How vast then, must be the number within the boundaries of this State. These boys have never had a chance to do well. The forces of their environment almost inevitably lead them into evil. Experience shows that the a-veiage of such boys are as capable of receiving instruction and training for usefulness, as the average of more fortunate youth. Without fear of contradiction it may be said that the best place in which to bring up a boy is in the wholesome and invigorating atmosphere and influence of rural home and school life, where home restraint is supplemented by the education and training of a modern rural school. In the work of caring for delinquent boys at the State's expense, the best substitute for the modern farm home and public school is a rural home and school, in which hundreds of boys segregated into families and placed in the constant care of specially qualified and experienced family officers and teachers may, at the least pos- sible cost, be given a good English education, together with such technical education and thorough practical training as will make their service valuable in industrial lines. Such an institution will, to the limit of its capacity and to the extent of the financial support given, meet the urgent and crying ne- cessity of the State of Illinois in caring for and saving her delinquent boys. The character of the education and training which should be provided as being desirable and most valuable in this kind of a school, is a question which has not received the attention from students of sociology which it should have had and which its importance demands. Practical men every- where agree that the kind of education that increases the individual wants without giving the ability to supply those increased wants is a mistake and a failure. Practical men and women recognize the fact that nine-tenths of the world's work is of the commonplace sort, and that it is very important that nine- tenths of the people should be trained to do commonplace work well. Ex- perience has clearly shown that any system of public education that fails to recognize the independence and equal importance of mental discipline, Christian nurture and industrial training, in producing intelligent, self-reliant citizenship, is fundamentally defective and unworthy of public support. These facts will have a determining influence upon the educational methods to be adopted and put in practice in the St. Charles Home and School for Boys. My experience has proven that the school life and duties in a rural home and industrial school are very fascinating to at least 95 in every 100 boys, and this plan of learning to do by doing makes their home and school life educa- tive and their education life-like. And herein lies the secret of how irrepres- sible, inquisitive, imitative boys may be led into the habit of being men. Rabbi Judah, the great teacher of the Hebrews, has left us the following maxim: "He who teaches not his son a trade doth the same as though he taught him to be a thief." In a rural home and school, while delinquent and homeless boys are being j; rained in the family and educated in the school, they will also, in a natural 302 and life-like way, be taught a useful trade or profession. They will jrrow naturally into the habit uf being men, because their interest will be centered upon and their time and enertfies will be fully employed in useful and inter- estiujf study and work. But better than all else, they will be educated awav from any desire to return to the environment from which most of them will be taken, an(i the trade or profession which they will be tanprht will qualify them for skillful service in industrial lines where the demand for skilled men is always double the supply, and at wages double the price paid for unskilled or ordinary service. It is a fact worthy of mention that in times of strikes and business de- firession, when tens of thousands of men skilled in urban pursuits have been iving in enforced idleness and want, the demand for those trained for skilled service in rural pursuits has always been and now is double the supply. The Industrial College of Wisconsin has now on file more than 200 applications for men skilled in husbandry, which they can not fill for lack of trained men, and the same is true of all other like institutions. The product of such a rural home and school as is being established near St. Charles will naturally be self-reliant, self-supporting young men, into whose life and character have been incorporated the principles of morality, diligence and right living, such as will be welcomed and esteemed members of the best rural homes, and such as will become leaders in the social, civic and business life in rural communities. In the important item of food supply this institution will be to a large ex- tent self-supporting. Under the direction of skillful and experienced teach- ers, and as part of their education, the boys will do most of the plowing, planting, cultivation, harvesting and feeding of grain and forage crops, and caring for the domestic animals used for illustration in teaching all branches of animal husbandry, and for furnishing meat, poultry and uairy products for their own use. The boys will also raise the small fruits and vegetables, dress the lawns, do the janitor work and most of the work in the kitchens, dining rooms, laundry and dormitories, and do all kinds of skilled and com- mon labor in constructing buildings and all other farm improvements. My experience attests the belief that such a home and school for delinquent, homeless and neglected boys will receive the active sympathy and aid of all generous citizens, and the cordial support of all the members of our Legisla- ture, who believe in helping the erring and helpless to help themselves. Following Mr. McLain's formal paper be gave a minute descrip- tion of the work contemplated at the St. Charles Home for Boys. By means of a map he showed the general arrangement of the farm and buildings, the location of the school and family cottages, their capacity and equipment, the extent of the lawns and driveways, and the grouping of the domestic buildings. He also explained at some length the method of teaching that will be employed and the studies in which he hoped to make proficient the boys committed to the home. The President — This 8ul)ject is now open for discussion. If there is anybody here who would like to ask any questions, Mr. McLain will bo glad to answer them. Mr. H, H. Hart of Chicago — I would like to ask Mr. McLain how many boys those cottages which ho has shown us on the map will accommodate. Mr. McLnin — The law fixes the maximum number wo may include in any one family at 4.0. These cottages aro designed for 10 inmates. Mr. Hart — How many cottages have you in contemplation? Mr. McLain — Forty-five. 303 Mr. Hart — At about what age do you anticipate the boys will come into the home? A. From 10 to 16 I believe is the limit. The law fixes the term within the election of the board of trustees. Mr. Hart — What will be their minimum stay? Mr. McLain — If a boy is ready to take up our curriculum in in- dustrial training, I should say about three years. Mr. Hart — A boy, then, coming in at the age of 12, will have to stay until he is 15 years old in order to complete the course. At what age do you think a boy can take up the course of study you will pursue? Mr. McLain — I have seen boys 14 years old who were quite as well prepared as others at 18 or 20. It depends upon the individual. Mr. Hart — Did I understand you to say in your paper that there are 10,000 boys in Chicago who ought to be in some such school as this? Mr. McLain — In the statement I made I said boys who are home- less or worse than homeless. Mr. John J. Sloan, of Chicago — Fifty per cent of the boys sent to the John Worthy school are far below normal in intelligence. I have scores of boys 16 years of age who are just learing their letters. We also have boys 14 years of age who are not as well developed physically as some are at 9. Now, what are you going to do with boys like these? You cannot make professors of them. What are you going to do with a street gamin that recognizes a blade of grass only by a picture? Mr. McLain — I do not know that the trustees have determined upon any standard of admission, but doubtless there will be a standard fixed so we will have such a grade of boys as will enable us to do the kind of work that is best for the greatest number. Some other pro- vision will have to be made for the class of boys you mention. We will not be prepared for doing all kinds of work. There must be some other provision made for the class of boys who are not capable of doing the kind of work we have in mind. Mr. Bicknell — The courts will commit the boys to your institu- tion. How can your trustees fix any standard by which you can de- termine who shall come in and who shall not? Do you mean to say that we will have to build another institution for the boys with a low grade of intelligence? Mr, McLain — Now, Mr. Bicknell, you can see how unfair it would be to the boys who have the capacity to do this work to be handi- capped by the presence of those physically and mentally incapable. Mr. MacMillan — What are you going to do with these boys after you have graduated them? Mr. McLain — After the boys graduate from our school I do not think they will have any trouble in securing positions, especially in agricultural communities. The boys will be competent to go out and do the plowing and from their knowledge of the soil will be able to 304 tell how the plowiiip should be done. They will be able to make a farm Rate and will bo well equipped for farm work. They will be able to shoe a horse and to tell about the horse's feet, whether the calks should be spread at the heel or not. I do not anticipate that the graduates of the school will have any difficulty in pleasing the farmers. Mr. MacMillan — You say you will keep the boys on an average of about three years. How much of that time would such a boy as would be sent to the John Worthy school attend school in your in- stitution? Mr. McLain — He would spend one-half of the time in the school proper and the other half in the industrial departments. Mr. Moore — How will you determine the best education for any particular boy? Mr. McLain — That will depend upon the skill of the teachers. We can tind teachers for our school but the hardest thing will be to find competent persons to take charge of the families. Mr. Hart — I want to express my very deep disappointment at what we have heard here this morning about this new home for boys. I want to say that if the statements made by Mr. McLain represent the views of the trustees, the manner in which this school is to be conducted will be a great disappointment to the citizens of the State generally. Mr. McLain makes the statement that there are 10,000 children in Chicago alone that should be in such a school, and then he further states that the benefits to be derived from the school will be for a comparatively small number who are mentally capable of undertaking the course of study outlined. T would like to know if the trustees endorse what has been said by Mr. McLain. The President — I think it would be well for us to listen to the formal papers that are on our morning's program and then take the remainder of the morning session in the discussion of all of them. If this meets with your approval we will now have the pleasure of listening to what Dr. Webster has to say on the subject of the State caro of consumptives. State Care of Consumptives. By Dr. Geo. M. Webster. President State Board of Health. The performance of our duties depends upon life, and the performance of them with vipfor, depends upon healtli; and we are, or nt least ought to be 8tront?ly affected with whatever threatens the destruction of either. I propose to talk to you today concerning the disease which menaces both, and our duty in reeard to it. Wo cannot neglect our duty in this matter without guilt, and, be sure we will not bo abletodo so long without sacrifice. No partinl, narrow, contracted, pinched method will do or will be suited to attam the desired end. The disease to which I refer is "tuberculosis" or "consumption." It is sometimes referred to as the "great white plague." Bunyan called it "the captain of the hosts of death." It causes one-seventh of all mortality. It causes about 150,000 deaths in the United States every year. This is one death every three and one-half minutes, night and day, throughout the year. This is more than the number of those killed on both 305 sides in the battles of both Gettysburg and Waterloo. The annual death rate from this disease alone in the United States is greater than the annual death rate from eleven causes among the Federal soldiers during the civil war. Our State has a population of over 5,000,000. The average death rate is twelve per thousand living, which gives us 60,000 deaths annually in Illinois from all causes and one-seventh of these, or 8,500 from tuberculosis in Illi- nois each year. In our large cities, this disease causes more deaths than diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, meningitis and small-pox combined. Vaughan estimates that one in every sixty of the population is tuberculous, making a total number of sufferers from the disease in the United States at the present time considerably over a million, and in the State of Illinois over 80,000. Of the 5,000,000 of people living in our State today, one-seventh or over 700,000 will die of this disease. If we allow $5,000 for a life, this scourge costs the United States $750,000,000 annually, and the State of Illinois $40,- 000,000. It is an infectious, communicable, curable, preventable disease. Ambula- tory eases may be a far greater source of infection than those who are bed- ridden. It may be communicated by inhalation of the germ by the inspired air, or it may enter the alimentary canal with the food. It is communicated from animals to man, and from man to animals. It not only afflicts human beings, but affects many of the lower animals as well. There are about 17,- 000,000 cows in the United States valued at $370,000,000. From 15 to 40 per cent of these are tuberculous. Some herds in Illinois have shown 100 per cent. As already stated, it is a preventable and curable disease. Fifty to 75 per cent, of the incipient cases may be cured. Private care and past knowledge and methods have proven inadequate to stay the progress of the disease, and now most private hospitals are closed to the victims of this dread scourge, because of its recognized, infectious char- acter and the consequent danger to others. Under these circumstances and with these facts staring us in the face, what are the remedies to be utilized, and what is our duty in regard to the matter? Analogy and our natural hopefulness will lead us to believe that the day is coming when this most dreadful scourge of humanity will be brought under yoke, its spread pre- vented, its mortality lessened, its terror minimized. Special measures directed against the recognized means of the spread of this malady should be universally adopted. The great obstacles to be over- come are a tendency to disregard and recognize the rights of others, and the ignorance of our duty in regard to the disease. The remedies must therefore be legislative for the former and educational for the latter. Let us consider the right of the State to legislate in these matters, the rights of the public, the rights of the individual, and then the legislation which seems desirable. Let us first consider the authority of the State. What right has the State to legislate in these matters? We read in the Declaration of Independence of the United States, "We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator by certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights governments are instituted among men," We read in the preamble to the constitution of the United States: "We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves, and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America." Our government was instituted upon the principles laid down in the great Magna Charta, and therefore has, as one of its foremost duties, the preserva- tion of the lives and health of the people. —20 C 306 The term, "provide for the common defense," should not be naturall}- ap- plied in a personal nonse, or even defense against foreign invasion. It means defense against any danger for which man has admitted the defense. The citizen han as much right to protection against contagious diseases as he has against a foreign foe. Our laws are based partly on the common law of England, which sums up the rights of individuals under three heads: The right of personal seeurity, the right of personal liberty and the right of personal property. It defines the right of personal security to consist of a person's legal right and unin- terrupted enjoyment of his life, his liberties, his health and his reputation. Ju.xt a.s danger from invasion by a foreign foe may be beyond the control of the individual, so disease, particularly infectious diseases, are sometimes be- yond the control of the individual and are as much of a menace to life, lib- erty and the pursuit of happiness as are the dangers of invasion by a foreign foe". The latter is looked after by the army and navy, and the former by the department of State medicine. f^State medicine, which had its beginning in England a little over 50 years ago. in Massachusetts, with the formation of the State Board of Health in '69, and in Illinois, with the creation of a similar board in '77. is charged with the protection of the health of the people from dangers wnich are be- yond the control of individual effort. It has been defined as the connection of the State with that branch of sci- ence which relates to the prevention, cure or alleviation of the diseases of the human body. Its functions are the outgrowth of necessity. State medicine is the application by the State of medical knowledge to the common weal, and embraces every subject for the comprehension of which medical knowledge and for the execution of which the legislative and execu- tive authority of the government are indispensible. "The authority of the State is the inherent and plenary power which re- sides in the State to prohibit all things hurtful and to promote all things helpful, to the comfort, welfare and the safety of society." The powers of the State are plenary, inalienable, coextensive, with the natural right of self-protection, their exercise is demanded and justified by the "law of overruling necessity." Practical, sensible, scientific State medicine has made marvelous strides in a knowledge of the profession in regard to the various infectious diseases, but the layman has not kept pace with the march of progress and is dissatis- fied, and his distrust is due to the fact that the present situation is not fully understood. Greater knowledge on the part of the profession in regard to the nature of the infectious diseases, their cause, mode of spread, best means of control, will lead to uniformity of action on the part of the State, and the education of the public will insure the cooperation and the support necessary to their proper enforcement. While tliB right of the State is derived from the duty of the State, indi- vidual rights must not be ignored. The individual should be permitted the greatest Tatituile, so long as he does not interfere with the rights of his neigh- bor; and the State should steadfastly refrain from doing for the individual what ho can do for himself. In our eagerness to accomplish certain ends, in themselves desirable, we are apt to lose this principle and lose sight of the question, whether it is one which properly devolves upon the State or properly remains in the domain of individual effort. The execution of the will of the State should be carried out in such way as to accomplish the greatest good without .unnecessary interference with the private rights of the citizen. If we would avoid harsh criticism, our own acta must be above just censure. We must look to the public for justifica- tion, the conviction that what is proposed is not only beneficent, but neces- Miry, and could not be satisfactorily accomplished by private or personal ef- fort. 807 It is thus established that protection against disease is an inherent, in- alienable right, promulgated in the Declaration of Independence, declared in the preamble of the constitution, and upheld by the Supreme Court. It is thus seen that it is the recognized right of the State to insist that persons afflicted with an infectious disease shall not be a source of danger to others. It follows logically, that from the standpoint of self-protection, it becomes the duty of the State to care for all those so afflicted who are too poor to care for themselves, and who are not otherwise cared for by public or private charitable institutions. [^Since it is a communicable disease, it is the duty of the State to do all in its power to prevent it in the first place, and in the second place, to care for all those not otherwise provided for and too poor to care for themselves, not alone from philanthropic or charitable motives, but because the well have a right to demand protection. As to the right of the consumptive poor; they have the same rights as other paupers. They have the additional valid claim that they have become the victims of a communicable disease which it is the duty of the State to at least try to prevent. Also that they are a menace to others, and also as well for economic reasons, and lastly, humanity and charity. Our State has been prompt, energetic and scientific in the prophylaxis of the contagious disease, but there seems to be much apathy in regard to tuberculosis; probably because of the want of trustworthy information in re- gard to its infectious character. STATE SANATORIA FOR THE CARE OF THE TUBERCULOUS POOR. Before telling you what our own State has done and what I think it should do in this matter, let me briefly review what has been done by other countries and by other states in the Union in regard to pulmonary tuberculosis. Sana- torias for the treatment and cure of tuberculosis have been established by the most progressive of European governments. England and Germany are far ahead of us in this respect. The latter country has over 50 of these hos- pitals for the care of tuberculous cases only, and are able to treat 20,000 per- sons annually, each one for three months. The duty of the government and the value of this method have been of- ficially recognized by both the army and the navy. By the army by the es- tablishment of a hospital at Ft. Bayard in New Mexico for the consumptive soldiers in accordance with an order issued by the War Department August 28,1899; by the navy in the establishment of a similar institution at Ft. Stanton by the marine hospital service, in accordance with the orders of Surgeon General Walter Wyman. Five states have special state institutions: Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi and Texas. Nine have projected state sanatoria, namely, Connecticut, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Rhode Island and Wisconsin. Tent colonies for tuberculous patients are reported from Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Three cities, namely. New York, Chicago and Buffalo, have special municipal consumptive hospitals. Eleven states have a total of 41 private institutions, some ot which are supported by private charity, some are self-supporting and some are for paying patients only. Five states have state societies and five cities have city societies for the prevention of the disease. Twenty states have special laws to combat bovine tuberculosis and 12 cities have their own bovine laws. Twenty states have done nothing in regard to tuberculosis in man and nothing in beasts, and eight have done something in regard to tuberculosis in beasts, and nothing in man. ■'^■Now let us see what has been done by our own State. The Forty-first General Assembly of the State of Illinois, by joint resolution, directed the State Board of Health to investigate the advisability of establishing a State 308 Sanatoria for consumptives in Illinois. The board did as directed and re- ported favorably thereon, and the late Governor Tanner in his message urired that it be established. He said, "I am firmly of the opinion that for the care of such an enormous number of invalids State care is essential, and I hope that the Le^islHture will realize the situation and give the necessary relief." A suitable bill was introduced in the Legislature bat did not receive the needed support and failed to pass. Governor Yates is as strongly in favor of the establishment of such a sana- torium as he is of all measures which tend to promote the welfare of the Jeople of the State. A resolution favorintr it was passed by the Illinois State [edical Society, at Springfield, May 15, 1901, It is to be hoped that with the usual influences a campaign of education may be so vigorously and so persistently prosecuted that we may be able to secure the passage of a suitable bill at the next meeting of the Legislature. Let us next inquire, what are the objections to such an institution? They are few and easily met. They are the expense to the State, alleged danger to those living in the immediate neighborhood of the institution, the question of the value of the method and the objection that this is not legitimate char- ity. It has been clearly demonstrated that no proposed form of taxation is or will be as expensive to the State as the cost to the State, directly and indi- rectly, by the ravages of the disease. Besides, the State has no more right to hesitate in regard to tuberculosis than it has in regard to smallpox or yellow fever. In regard to this danger in the immediate neighborhood. Dr. E. S, Trudeau of Saranac Lake, N. Y., says not a single nurse, physician or at- tendant has acquired tuberculosis in that institution in 15 years. In Goerbersdorf and Falkenstein, in Germany, are five of the largest sani- toria for consumptives, and the mortality from tuberculosis has actually de- creased among the village people more rapidly than before the establishment of these institutions. I wish here to protest against this being considered a matter of State char- ity. It is no more a matter of charity than is the building of battleships or coast defenses or the maintenance of a standing army. In regard to the value of State sanatoria, much might be said, and yet com- paratively little, it seems to me, is necessary at this time. We are consider- ing the duty of the State rather than the value of the method itself. The value of sanatoria has been abundantly proven, as is shown by the fact that so many states and nations have adopted the method. Then, too, we are urging at least voluntary notification, and in that case we should be pre- pared to provide hospital accommodations which require isolation. We can not isolate and educate these people without having a place to send them. There is a woeful lack of hospital and sanitary facilities for the thousands of poor consumptives who could be cured if taken in time State sanatoria are schools of hygiene and sobriety, besides being institu- tions for the prevention and cure of tuberculosis. They are thus taught their duty to themselves, to one another, their families and the state. Ignorance and prejudice are the great obstacles in the way of advance in sanitation and hygiene, and education will do much to wipe out both. The lot of the consumptive is a hard one at best; when the horrors of pov- erty are added to the sufferings of the disease, it is pitiful in the extreme. Usually for months after he knows the nature of the malady and its letbnl tendencies when unchecked, he goes about his dailj' task, earns his daily bread and often that of his family, hourly growing weaker and weaker, a Hource of diind— FlastiiiK's H. Hart, chairman. Unity Bnildinfr, Chi- cajjo; Kov. Father O'Hoilly, Peoria; Timothy D. Hurley. Unity Building, ChicHjjM; Mrs. Ophelia L. Ainieh. Oonova; Mrs. Sophia UeMuth, Alton; Miss Sarah Mont^'oniery. Sprin^'fiolil; Martin Kmerich, Chicapn; Chas. A. Nair, Koyal lu.surance Buildintr, Chicaj^o; Mr.s. Harriet Van der Vaart, 1224 West Sixty-.neventh str.iet, Chicago; E. B. Butler, 230 Adams street, Chicago, and Henry C. Stow, Evanston. Committee on County Clmritablo and Corroctional In.'^titutions— Geo. W. Curtisg, chairman, Freeport; Mrs. Geo. M. Moultou, 2119 Calumet avenue, Chicago; J. A. Miller. Cairo; Stuart E. Pierson, Carrollton; John J. Sloan, Chicago; Mrs. Clara P. Bourland, Peoria; Miss Mary Hazzard, Galesburg, and Kov. F. Emory Lyon, Unity Building, Chicago. 319 Committee on Proper Treatment of Tuberculosis — Dr. Geo. M. Webster, chairman, Chicago; Dr. Josephine Miliigan, Jacksonville; Edwin K. Walker, Reaper Block, Chicago; Dr. Arnold C. Klebs, 100 State street, Chicago, and Dr. Julia C. Blackburn. Committee on Merit System in State Charitable and Correctional Institu- tions — E. A. Bancroft, chairman, Chicago; Thos. C. MacMillan, vice-chair- man, Monadnock Block, Chicago; Franklin MacVeagh, Chicago; Geo. C. Rankin, Monmouth; Hon. Carl E. Epler, Quincy, and Hon. Henry T. Rainey, Carrollton. Committee on Official Outdoor Relief — Col. J. Mack Tanner, chairman, Springfield. Committee on How May Woman's Clubs Promote Efficiency in State and Local Charities — Mrs. T. P. Stanwood, chairman, Evanston; Mrs. Sadie Gray Cox, Hudson; Mrs. John Lutz, Lincoln; Mrs. F. J. Howe, 1922 Barry avenue, Chicago; Mrs. H. G. Solomon, 4406 Michigan avenue, Chicago; Mrs. Julia Harvey, Geneva, and Mrs. J. C. Barlow, Streator. The report of the committee was adopted without debate and the president and secretary were authorized to increase the membership of the committees indefinitely, if found desirable, and to arrange the topics for discussion at the next meeting. Mr. President — This brings us down to the last number on our program, "Civil Service in State Institutions." This topic will be responded to by Mr. E. J. Murphy, warden of the penitentiary at Joliet. Mr. Murphy has given this subject a great deal of thought and attention, and I take great pleasure in presenting him to you. Civil Service in State Institutions. By E. J. Murphy, Warden Joliet Penitentiary. In discussing the merit system, as applied to State institutions, each officer must necessarily confine himself to the facts and conditions which his own experience has impressed upon him. I would not undertake to suggest what particular system would be best for an insane asylum, for the deaf and dumb or the blind, only in so far as cer- tain basic principles are applicable to all. These basic principles are few and most important, embracing, first of all, absolute qualification on the part of the officer or employe to properly perform the duties incumbent upon the po- sition, and to this must be added a firm determination to faithfully perform all such duties. When you have secured qualification and willingness and determination to perform, you have the only sure foundation upon which official efficiency can be constructed, and without these you only have incom- petency, official anarchy and indirect, if not direct, robbery of the people. Perhaps the best way in which I can illustrate my own ideas of the merit system is to quote from the rules in force in the Joliet prison, applicable to those who apply for positions in connection therewith. Each applicant for a position in the Joliet prison is furnished with a blank application which he must sign and file with the warden. The blank is as follows: ^* Application for Appointment in the Service of the Illinois State Penitentiary. (To be made in applicant's handwriting.) "The applicant must read the following over carefully; answer each ques- tion fully and plainly; sign his name in full at the bottom of the application, and return it to the warden of the Illinois State Penitentiary at Joliet, Illi- nois, at earliest convenience, by mail or otherwise: 320 Date of application 190. . 1. Name, in full, 2. Ago years. Height Weight P. 0. addresp 3. Are you married? Condition of health 4. Trade or occupation What? 5. Did you ever serve an apprenticeship? If yes, how long? 6. How many years have you followed your trade? Are you compe- tent to teach it? 7. What is the grade of your education? Common school, high school or college? 8. Have you ever taught common school? If yes, how long? 9. Do you us© intoxicants of any kind? Do you use tobacco in any form? 10. Will you refrain entirely from the use of intoxicants while in the serv- ice of the penitentiary? 11. Do you promise to refrain from profane, vulgar or abusive language to convicts, or in their presence? 12. Do you understand thoroughly that, under no circumstances, must you have any familiarity with inmates, or call them by familiar names, or permit them to so address you; that you must not converse with them about their crimes, or matters pertaining to their families or outside friends, or carry letters or messages between them and any outside parties, or bring into or take out of the penitentiary any article for them, unless requested to do so by the warden or deputy, and will you strictly conform to tnis requirement under penalty of instant dismissal if you violate it? 13. Will you promptly furnish yourself with such uniform as is required by the authorities? 14. Will you keep your revolver undrawn until absolutely needed, and restrain your temper at all times; and never strike or shoot a prisoner, save when necessary for self-defense, the defense of another officer or inmate, to quell a mutiny, or to prevent escape? 15. Will you do such extra duty as may be assigned to you, without com- plaining as to same ? 16. Will you do school duty on school nights, and Sunday duty when required? 17. Will you make such complaint as you may tcish to make against any officer or the management, to the warden or the board oj cotnviissioiters, and to no one elsef 18. You must become familiar with the general rules governing officers and employes, and conform to them. Will you do so immediately after ob- taiuiug employment ? 19. Are you willing to go on trial for thirty or sixty days, so that the war- den can satisfy himself in regard to your fitnebs for appointment? "Kach applicant must understand that appointment can be made only as vacancies occur in the particular line for wuich the applicant may be fitted — anspitHl for the incurHble intane At Chester we have an asylum for the criminal insane, and at Elgin, Kankakee, Jacksonville, Anna and Watertown are other insane hospitals. At Jacksonville are the institutions for the deaf and blind; at Liufolu is the asylum for feeble-minded children. Another in- stitution for children is the Soldiers' Orphans' Home. In addition to these is the Soldiers' Hcnue at Quincy, the Soldiers' Widows' Home at Wilmington, the Eye and P]ar Infirmary at Chicapro. the Training School for Girls at Geneva, the Industrial Home for the Blind at Chicago, and the State Reform- atory at Pontiac. In addition to all this, of course, the civil service of the State iicludes such corporate agencies as the Canal Commission, Railroad and Warehouse Commission, Mining Board, Factory Inspectors, State Archi- tect, etc. In the institutions I have enumerated there are, in round numbers, 2,500 employes of the State of Illinois who hold appointments from the Governor or the trustees or commissioners. To these ought to be added the park sys- tems of Chicago, the Lincoln Park board and the West Chicago Park board, the commissioners of which are appointed by the Governor, and who appoint a large number of employes. This is the service we have in mind when we speak of the civil service of the State. Suppose we sav, in round numbers, that the employes of these various in- stitutions which I have mentioned number 3,500. Here are 3,500 people ap- pointed by the Governor, or by the appointees of the Governor, to do the work of the State. These institutions are governed by boards of trustees ap- pointed by the Governor, and they then appoint their superintendents and other employes. These places, as a rule, are eagerly sought after, and I am glad that it is so. This condition that I am speaking of is not peculiar to Illinois. It is to be found wherever the government is administered by parties. We have had it in the national government. We have had it in Europe and we have had it in Rome. Wherever there has been party government there has been this struggle for places. Illinois is simply going through the experience that every great body, governed by political party methods, goes through. I wish to stop here just a moment to say that I believe in partj' government. I am a party man. I believe that it is the duty of every citizen of this United States to tind a party of men with whom he can best work politically, and work with them. It is easy to see what the great lines of distinction are be- tween political parties — what the questions really are. It is easy to see the difference between a man who believes in silver money and a man who does not believe in it. It is easy to see the difference between a man who wants and will work for a protective tariff and a man who is opposed to it. It is ea.sy to see the difference today between the man who believes in the expan- sion of the boiuularie« of our government and the man who is opposed to it. Those are great questions of national policy, upon which parties naturally and properly divide. By their division and by their conflict they elicit truth. Take it in its narrow sense. Take some of the questions that are concern- ing the people of Illinois. We have one this fall — whether or not we believe in the referendum. We have such questions as the public ownership of pub- lic utilities. There are men who bolievoiu this, while there ai*e others equally opposed to it. We know the difference between a man who believes in a high licenHo and the man who does not believe in it. These are questions of State policy and State politics in the true sense. But you take a man who is em- ployeil in the oflico of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission compiling statistics on the subject of railroads. Does it make any difference whether he believes in silver or gold; does it make any difference what he thinks about the subject of tariffT How would it be if he was employed in the office of the Canal Commission? Would his views on silver and money impair his uaofulncssT Similarly we might go down the whole list. Our constitulioii devotes three sections out of the sixteen devoted to the executive department of the State, to the power of appointment and removal which is lodged in the Governor. The powers and duties of the Governor are 325 multitudinous and extensive beyond expression. In the constitution the sec- tions defining the powers and duties of the Governor with respect to appoint- ments and removals occupy perhaps one-fifth of the article. In importance, they occupy perhaps about one per cent of the proper and necessary powers and duties of the Governor. There are other duties imposed upon the Gov- ernor by the constitution which are of vastly greater importance. Take sec- tion six, which says that he shall take care to see that the laws are faithfully executed. Among the other duties are those convening and adjourning special sessions of the legislature; preparing and sending to the legislature in biennial session, or oftener in case of special sessions, messages informing it of the condition of the affairs of the State and what, if anything, is needed in the way of legislation. He is made the commander-in-chief of the militia, and may call out the same to execute the laws. He is required to make a re- port of the expenditures of public money so far as it comes within his depart- ment. He is given the power of pardoning persons convicted of offenses. Provision is made that he may be tried for impeachment for misdemeanor in office. These are the things that occupy the attention of the Governor of Illinois. In these days of industrial and commercial transformation, in these days of occasional outbreaks of the race question, almost approaching mob violence, in these days when the facilities for transportation are so perfectly developed that our population is constantly changing and shifting, the duty of taking care that the laws are faithfully executed, is sufficient to tax the time, the health, the strength, the ambition and the ability of the ablest Governor. And right here I wish to express my personal opinion of the present oc- cupant of the executive chair. The present Governor would make a model record on either one of these important subjects if his hands could only be free from the entangling snarl of the appointment and removal of the civil servants of the State. I speak only for myself in this matter. Now, I want to be fair. Let us take these 3,500 places to which I have re- ferred. Half of them, 1,750, are places for which there is a "push." It is a matter of common knowledge that there are 10 applicants for every place. That makes 17,500 people to deal with. It is also a matter of common know- ledge that when a man makes an application for a place, he does not go after it alone; but he gets about ten of his friends to help him get it. That makes 175,000 people. Suppose each one of them gets a minute to interview the Governor, and the letters which the Governor are required to write will take up at least another minute for each one. This takes up 350,000 minutes of his working time. More than half of his four years of office is taken up by this pressure for places. I know it to be a fact. With 300 days to the year and eight hours a day, the Governor has less than one- half of his working time left to perform the other duties, which are 99 per cent in importance of the duties imposed upon him by law. On behalf of the occupant of the Governor's chair, whoever he may be, now and for all time to come, we ask for this reform which will relieve him of these burdens and enable him to give his time and attention to the things which really concern the people of the State. I want to point out a few of the evils of the spoils system. It wastes the time of the Governor and his officers, for the time of the commissioners and superintendents is taken up the same way. The Governor cannot know the right man for the right place and he has to take the say of somebody else. It denies to the citizens in general a fair and equal opportunity to compete for a place in the employment of the State. I need not take time to develop that. It is a cardinal principle of our government that every man stands with equal rights before the law. Every citizen has an equal right to com- pete for a place in the service of the State. A system of appointments and removals which deprives the bulk of the citizens of such an opportunity is un-American and unfair Now, I say that a system of appointments and removals which gives you this unfair service, which violates your rights and wastes your means has a tendency to sap the foundation of patriotism. Re- spect for government, respect for law and love of country are pretty closely entwined. 326 The party leaders in both parties, the men who really have the interest of their party most at heart, all want a law in our State enacting the merit sys- tem. The real party leaders on both sides would be glad to have a law passed which would relieve the Governor from the responsibility of the ap- pointment and removal of the civil servants. A merit law for these 3,500 employes which 1 have mentioned will accomplish this end. A merit system willijet the State the best service and will get the best men for the places. Having gotten the best men for the places it will keep them there as long as they are faithful public servants. It will keep the bad men out of the service of the State. It will take the places out of politics. If the law should be along the lines of our municipal civil service law, it will contain a provision which will not only provide that removals shall be for cause only, but that the cause shall be signed in writing, and the removal shall not take place until after a fair trial. I know that there are differences of opinion among men who believe in the system on some of these points. A merit law will accomplish these ends by requiring all applicants to sub- mit to an open, free, public examination. A proper merit law for the State will provide for public examinations. 1 The objection is made by some that the examination system is theoretica and that it will not work in practice. The objection died before it was born. The same objection was made on the floor of Congress in 1882 and 1883 when the present National civil service law was under discussion. The National measure was introduced in 1SG7. At the time it was under discussion Illinois had a man in the Senate by the name of Logan and he wrote the sentence in the law which requires that examinations shall be practical in their character, and shall relate to those matters which will fairly test the ability of the ap- plicant examined to discharge the duties of the place to which he seeks ap- pointment. The examinations are open and public. They are non-partisan in character, non-sectarian and no two of the examiners at any one examina- tion are allowed to be of the same political party. The law also requires the appointment of applicants who stand highest in the examinations. The National law was introduced in 1867. but it was not enacted until 1882. Sixteen years of struggle brought that law to pass. In 1883, we in Chicago determined to have a merit system law for the city. From 1883 to 1895 we struggled for that law until it came to pass. In 1895 we made up our minds to go to work for a State civil service law, and if we are equally successful it will come to pass in 1903. The President — This disposes of our program for this year's meet- ing. There are a number who are anxious to get away on the early trains and if there is nothing further to be presented the chair will, without detaining you further, declare this meeting adjourned to meet in Quincy next year. 327 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Proceedings Illinois Conference of Charities at Lincoln, Oct. 23-24, 1901. Address of Welcome 196-198 Responce to Address of Welcome 198-199 President's Address 199-201 Address by Governor Yates 201-203 State Visitation of Children 203-216 Report of Committee on State Supervision of Children Placed in Homes 217 Report of Committee to Select Time and Place of Next Annual Meeting 218 National Conference of Charities 218-219 S tate Home for Delinquent Boys 220-233 Cooperation between fublic and Private Charities 234-246 Report of Committee on Resolutions 246 Report of Committee on Nominations 247 State Care of Epileptics 248-256 Central Howard Association. 256-258 Proceedings Illinois Conference of Charities at Peoria, Oct. 21, 22, 23, 1902. Address of Welcome 259-261 Response to Address of Welcome 261-262 Some Social Burdens— What They Are and What We Are Doing to Lighten Them.... 263-269 Relation of Associated Charities to the Personal and Institutional Charity of a Com- munity 270-276 Children, Epileptic and Feeble-Minded in County Almshouses and Jails 276-278 Reports of Auxiliary Boards of County Visitors 278-286 How to Build, Organize and Conduct a Colony for Epileptics and What Results to Expect 288-298 State Home for Delinquent Boys 299-304 State Care of Consumptives 304-309 State Visitation of Children 309-310 Traflc in Children l^^l^^ Report of Committee on Resolutions 316-317 Report of Committee on Time and Place of Next Meeting 318 Report of Committee on Organization and Program 318-319 Civil Service in State Institutions 319-326 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Paqb, Ad«m!< t'ounty Almshouse 68 AerinteDdents, list of 110-111 Appropriation account 112-114 Appropriation"! asked and recommendations by the board 10-34 Appropriations, general statement 10 Appropriations made by the Forty-second General Assembly for institutions, list of. . . 11-16 Associations caring for dependent, neglected and delinquent children 41-66 Asylum for Feeble-minded Children. Lincoln 7-8. 11. 13. 15. 28. 3i. 36. 38-40. 102, 104, 112-123,129 133. 139-169.174-177.182-185. 187-189 Asylum for incurable Inbane. South Barton vi lie ...7 8.11-13-15.23.34 36.38-40.102103. 112-114. 124-128. 134-138. 145-146. 151-153.157-159.163-166.186,188-189 Asylum for Insane Criminals. (Chester 8. 13. 15. 21. 34. 30. 38-40. 102-103. 112-128. 134-138. 114-146, 148-173. 178-181, 186. 188-189 Auxiliary visitors of county almshouses, jails, etc 9-10,105-109 Average number of inmates and cost, by counties 170-186 Average number of inmates from 1875 to 1902 146 Bslance due from counties 121-138. Blind in County Almshouses 190-192 Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities, list of members 3 Bond County .Almshouse 69 Bond Countv Jail 96 Bond* nieuiity Jail 96 Brown County .Mnishouse 69 Brown County Jail 96 Bureau County Almshouse 70 Bureau ('ouniy Jail 96 Calhoun County Almshouse 70 ('alhouii Count V .lall 96 Caparilv of buildings for inmates 188-189 (jarroll County Almshouse 70 C'arroll County Jail 96 ('ass County Almshouse 70 Cass County Jail 96 Central Baptist Orphanage. 41.42,49 Central Insann Hospital, Jack son vi lie 7-8, 12. 15. 19. 34. 36. 38-40, 102 103. 112-128. 134-138. 144-146. 149-178. 17^181. 186. 188-189 (Shaddock Hoys' School 41,42.60 Champaign County Almshouse 71 Champaign (Jounfy .lail 96 Charllttblt" Kye imd Kar Iiiflrmary. Chicago 14-15. 31. 31. 36. 3S-40. 102, 104, 112-114, 129-1S3, 139-146, 148-169. 174-177. 182-185, 187-189 Chicago Krrliig Woman's Kefuge 41.43,50 (Chicago InduHtrliil Home for ('hlblrfn 41.43.51 Children In County Almshouses 190-192 Children In County Jails 193-195 ('hrlstlan ("ounty .^Imshoase 71 Christian County Jail 96 Clark County Almshouse 71 ('lark County Jail 96 {'lay < 'ounty Almshouse 71 Clay County Jail 96 i'llnton County Almshouse 71 Clinton County Jail 96 Coles County Almhouse 72 Coles Comity Jail 96 329 Index — Continued. Page. Collections from counties 115-120 Cook County Almshouse 72 Cook County Jail 96 Crawford County Almshouse 72 Crawford County Jail 96 Cumberland County Almshouse 73 Cumberland County Jail 96 Danish Lutheran Orphans' Home 53 Days board furnished inmates 154-159 Deaf mutes in county almshouses 190-192 Debtors in county jails 193-195 DeKalb County Almshouse 73 DeKalb County Jail • 96 Detached buildings, number of 188-189 De Witt County Almhouse 73 DeWitt County Jail 96 Douglas County Almshouse 73 Douglas County Jail 96 DuFage County Almshouse 73 DuPage County Jail 96 Eastern Insane Hospital, Kankakee „ „„ 11, 15, 17, 34, 36, 3&-40, 102-103, 112. 128, 134-138, 144-146, 148-173, 187, 181, 186, 188-189 Edgar County Almshouse 74 Edgar County Children's Home 54 Edgar County Jail 96 Edwards County Almshouse 74 Ed wards County Jail 96 EflBngham County Almshouse 74 Effingham County Jail • 96 Employes at each institution 188-189 Epidemics ° Epileptic Colony JO Evangelical Orphans' Home 54 Fayette County Almshouse 74 Fayette County Jail «« ,nn Feeble-minded and idiotic in county almshouses 190-192 Financial statements ^^fc^j? Financial statements, summary of o co Food, comparative cost of }cc }c? Food, consumption of 166-167 Ford County Almshouse 75 Ford County Jail 97 Franklin County Almshouse 75 Franklin County Jail 97 Fulton County Almshouse 75 Fulton County Jail 97 Gallatin County Almshouse 75 Gallatin County Jail ■ 97 Girls' Industrial Home of McLean County 41, 43, 55, 56 Greene County Almshouse 76 Greene County J ail 97 Grundy County Almshouse 76 Grundy County J ail 97 Hamilton County Almshouse 76 Hamilton County J ail 97 Hancock County Almshouse 76 Hancock County Jail 97 Hardin County Almshouse 77 Hardin County Jail 97 Henderson County Almshouse 77 Henderson County Jail 97 Henry County Almshouse 77 Henry County Jail ■• 97 Home of the Good Shepherd Industrial School for Girls "•**'?I Illinois Charitable Relief Corps • 58 Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society * niiioc Illinois Conference of Charities, proceedings of ^ In Illinois Humane Society 60 Illinois Manual Training School Farm 60 Illinois Masonic Orphans' Home ieoioo Improvements at Institutions, number of n oo Inmates in County Almshouses, by color, nativity and sex, classified ^o2l no Inmates in County Almshouses, unclassified ^?n lei Inmates present in institutions JonlToo Insane in County Almshouses TQirToK Insane in County J ails ^ loo Insane wearing restraint and locked in rooms. In County Almshouses 190-194 Inspection of books and accounts 9 Inspection of Children's Associations, etc »^-* * —22 C. 330 Iniip«ctlon of Coanty AlmBboases and Jails 67-101 luntltulloD for the Bliuil. Jacksonville b.lJ. 15. JT.S*. 36. 38-40. 102-104. 112-123. 12»- 133. 139-173. 178-181. 167-189 InititutloD for the Deaf and Dumb. Jacksonville ...7-«. 13. 15. 25. 34.3*5. 38-40.102-103. 112-128. 134-138. 144-173. 178- 181. 186. 188-189 Inntltutlonn and Superintendents, list of 102 Iiiv»-ntiirl»« of property, summary of 186-187 ; 9 Almshouse 77 .Jail 97 uiity Almshouse 78 unty Jail 97 •rs. classified 193-6 •y 67.95-101 iity Almshouse 78 iiity Jail 97 J. iTlt:*' u County Almshouse 78 JefTiTson County Jail 97 Jer"(ey County Almshouse 78 Jersey County Jail 97 Jo Daviess County Almshouse 79 JoDavless County Jail 97 Johnson County Almshouse 79 Johnson County Jail 97 Kane County Almsliouse 79 Kane County Jail 99 Kankakee County Almshouse 79 Kankakee Connty Jail 98 Kendall County— no almshouse 79 Kendall County Jail 98 Knox County Almshouse 80 Knox County Jail 98 Lake County Almshouse 80 Lake County Jail 98 Land belonirlnir to State charitable institutions, number of acres 188-189 Lands and building's, valuation of 188-189 Land used for farming purposes 188-189 LaSttlle County Almshouse 80 LaSnlle County Jail 98 Lawrence County Almshouse 80 Lawrence County Jail 98 Lee County Almsliouse 81 Lee County Jail 98 Letter trans mittini; report to the Governor 4 Ltvinirslon County Almshouse 81 Li vines ton County Jail 98 Loeiin County Almshouse 81 Loifan County Jail 98 Ma<-on County Almshouse 83 Macon County Jail 98 Macoupin County Almshouse 8S Macoupin County Jail 98 M ad i son ( 'ou n ty A Imshouse 83 Mall : 99 \'"isliouse 88 " ' . . 99 ^ylum 47 Niirtn- rii iii-.aur Hospital, Klein 7. 11. 15. 1«. 34-40. 102-103. 112-128. IM-'l^'. 144'-146.* 148-1*73. iis-l'si.'ise. 133-189 331 Page. Oerle County Almshouse 86 Ogle County Jail 99 Opening remarks 7 Peoria County Almshouses 86 Peoria County Industrial School for Girls and Home of Blessing 62, 63 Peoria County Jail 99 Perry County Almshouse 87 Perry County Jail 99 Piatt County Almshouse 87 Piatt County Jail 99 Pike County Almshouse 87 Pike County Jail 99 Pope County— no almshouse 88 Pope County Jail 99 Pulaski County Almshouse 88 Pulaski County Jail 99 Putnam County Almshouse 88 Putnam County Jail 99 Prisoners awaiting trial in county jails 193-195 Prisoners in county jails sentenced to penitentiaries and reformatory 193-195 Prisoners serving sentence in county jails 193-195 Randolph County Almshouse 88 Randolph County Jail 100 Richland County Almshouse 89 Richland County Jail 100 Rock Island County Almshouse 89 Rock Island County Jail 100 Rose Orphan's Home 47 Saline County Almshouse » 89 Saline County Jail 100 Sangamon County Almshouse 89 Sangamon County Jail 100 Schuyler County Almshouse 90 Schuyler County Jail 100 Scott County Almshouse 90 Scott County Jail 100 Shelby County Almshouse 90 Shelby County Jail 100 Springfield Home for the Friendless 45 Soldiers' & Sailors' Home, Quincy 7. 14-15. 29, 34-40, 102, 104, 112-114, 129-133, 139-146, 148-169, 174-177. 182-185, 187, 189 Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Normal 14-15, 30, 34, 36. 38-40, 102, 104, 112-114, 129-133, 139-169, 174-177, 182-185. 187-189 Soldiers' Widows' Home, Wilmington 7-8, 14-15, 31 , 34. 36, 38-40, 102. 104. 112-114, 129-133, 139-146, 148-169, 174-177, 182-185, 187-189 Southern Insane Hospital, Anna 7, 11-12, 15, 20, 34, 36, 38-40, 102-103, 112-128, 134-138, 144-146, 148-173, 178-181, 186, 188-189 Stark County Almshouse 90 Stark County Jail 100 Statistical Tables 112-195 St. Clair County Almshouse 91 St. Clair County Jail 100 St. Charles Boys' Home. St. Charles 7-8,10.15,102,104,112.114 Stephenson County Almshouse 91 Stephenson County .Jail 100 St. Joseph Providence Orphans' Home 64 St. Vincent's Infant Asylum 65 Superintendents of charitable institutions, list of 102 Superintendents of county almshouses 110-111 Surplus at institutions .- 40 Tazewell County Almshouse 91 Tazewell County Jail 100 Terms and vacations of schools 147 The Anna B. Milllken Home and Macon County Industrial School for Girls 41,46,66 Training Schools for Girls, Geneva 7, 14-15. 32, 34-40. 102, 104. 112-114, 129-133, 139-146, 148-169, 174-177. 182-185, 187-189 Trustees of State charitable Institutions, list of 103-104 Trust funds belonging to inmates of Institutions 9 Union County Almshouse 91 Union County Jail 100 Vermilion County Almshouse 92 Vermilion County Jail 100 Wabash County Almshouse 92 Wabash County Jail 100 Warren County Almshouse 93 Warren County J ail 100 Washington County Almshouse 93 Washington County Jail 100 Wayne County Almshouse 93 Wayne County Jail 100 Western Insane Hospital, Watertown 7-8, 12, 15, 22. 34. 36, 38-40, 102-103, 112-128, 134-138, 144-146, 148-173, 178-181, 186, 188-189 White County Almshouse 93 332 Paq«. White County Jnll 100 Whiteside County Almshouse 94 WhitesMe County Jail 101 Will County Almshouse 94 Will County Jail 101 Williamson County Almshouse 94 Williamson County Jail 101 Winneliau'o County Almshouse 94 Winnt-hasro County Jail 101 Woo«lfortl County Almshouse 95 Woodford County J all 101