UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY BO< CLASS VOLUME EIGHTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT * OF THE BOARD OF STATE COMMISSIONERS OF PUBLIC CHARITIES OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS Presented to the Governor October 1, 1904. SPRINGFIELD: Illinois State Journal Co., State Printers. 19 0-5. 36 O BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. President. WILLIAM JAYNE, M. D., Springfield. Commissioners. ENSLEY MOORE, Jacksonville. Term expires 1905. REV. EDWARD A. KELLY, 4515 Fifth Avenue, Chicago Term expires 1906. A. S. WRIGHT, Woodstock. Term expires 1907. H. C. FAIRBROTHER, M. D., East St. Louis. Term expires 1908. WILLIAM JAYNE, M. D., Springfield. Term expires 1909. Secretary. J. MACK TANNER. Springfield. Assistant Secretary. FRANK D. WHIPP, Springfield. State of I llinois, ( Office of Boab ? ( 'h \i;nn-. Springfield. Nov. 1. L904. Hox. Richaed Yates, Governor. Sir — The Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities h;is the honor to transmit to yon herewith its Eighteenth Biennial report. Respecl fully. William Jayne, President. Enslei Moore. A. s. Weight, E. A. Kelly, H. C. Paiebeothee, ( 'ommissioners. J. Mai k Tannee, Secretary. EIGHTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT. There has been no change during the biennial period in the organ- ization of the State Board of Charities. Dr. William Jayne, who was elected President of the Board April 24th, 1901, still continues in that office, with J. Mack Tanner as Secretary. In the membership, how- ever, there have been two changes. Judge John Gibbons resigned late in the year 1902, on account of ill health, although his resigna- tion was not accepted until Feb. 23, 1903. He is succeeded by Bev. Ed. A. Kelly, pastor of St. Cecilia's church, Chicago. Dr. J. A. Glenn, after two years of faithful service on this Board, during which time he gained the respect and personal regard and confidence of his fellow members, severed his connection with the Board and was suc- ceeded March 28th, 1904, by Dr. H. C. Fairbrother of East St. Louis. LEGISLATION? During the session of the legislature of 1903, our Board recom- mended certain changes in the laws relating to the charities and charitable institutions of the State, and prepared bills embodying the changes desired. Among the more important amendments recommended are: Grant- ing power to the Board of Charities to classify all officers and em- ployes of the several State charitable institutions into grades and to equalize and fix their salaries. Under the present system there is a wide range in the amounts paid for the same service by the several insti- tutions. The first assistant physician in one hospital may be getting $100 per month, and in another $150 per month, while the salaries of the second assistants range from $75 to $125 for similar service. The salaries of the chief clerk varies between $100 and $150 per month, and thus through the whole line of employments down to the low salaried attendants where the minimum price paid female employes is, in one of the two institutions, $16.00 per month, and in another $22.00 per month. The result has been and is to cause dissatisfac- tion among the employes receiving the lower wages, whereby the institution which pays the better wages benefits its service to the det- riment of the other from whom many of its employes were drawn. Another evil which we wished to control, is the growing tendency to allow officers to board not alone themselves, but their families in the institutions at the expense of the State, and extending it even further to the care of the private horses of such officials. Aside from the fact that the State receives no compensation for the. increased ex- penditure therefor, we are me1 also with the evils resulting from a class of idle, unemployed boarders, whose sole occupations may In- to breed discord among the employed. Another section provided for the adoption of a uniform method of accounts as recommended by our Board. This is not so important now as at one time, since all the institutions except two have adopted in full our system of accounts. It seems desirable also thai the Board should bave genera] super- vision over the purchase of supplies and the Letting of contracts, this supervision being coupled with a p ower of veto over such purchases or contracts. Ajiother section would have extended the power of t he Board to the visitation and inspect ion of all establishments having for their object, the care and placing out of children, wit h proper measures for restrain- ing any such institution thai mighl lie improperly conducted oragainsl t he public good. An efforl was made to have this Mil introduced as prepared; it was, however, so modified and coupled with objectionable features, that t he Board could noi urge its passage. The !>ill introduced, abolished all Boards of Trustees, and made of the Board of Charities, a Board of Control. With all tine respect to those who have advocated a State Board of Control, and our biennial report of L901 so recommends, we believe that better results have been and can be obtained under our presenl system of local trustees, with an unprejudiced Board to supervise and recommend. We cannol believe that the same interest can lie secured for eacli institution in one Hoard, even though its whole time be devoted to the several institutions, that we now find among the able philanthropic men and women who give so freely of their time and effort. Furthermore we reduce to ;i minimum the number of good men who are thus given an opportunity to enlarge their ideas of public benevolence, and to become public benefactors. No paid Hoards could give more earnest or conscientious attention t<> the public interest, than have our trustees during the past few years. EPILEPTICS. In L899 the Legislature listened to the demand for relief of a class of unfortunates that bave been left to eat out their souls in solitude. and to sink swiftly ami hopelessly into a state of degradation, imbe- cility, or insanity. A coloney for epileptics was established by act of the Legislature, and $2,500 was appropriated to pay the expenses of the State Commissioners of Charities to investigate ami report to the succeeding Genera] Assembly, a suitable Location, together with plans for buildings, etc. Unfortunately, the commission divided upon the question of location, and when the report was presented to the Legis- lature, the main issue and need was lost sighl of in the struggle for location. Asa result.no appropriation was made. The mat ter was again presented to the Forty-third General Assembly in L903, and while t he lull passed the House, amended 1<» read. SKX).(XX), instead of $350,000 the amount asked, the Senate failed to concur and it w,-is again lost. Iii December 1903, we undertook a census of the epileptics of the State, writing to every physician. Over one thousand replies were received, giving at the time information of 2,014 persons afflicted with this dread disease, who are not included in the number receiving almshouse or institutional care. A tabulated statement of this in- formation will be found in the appendix. One hundred and ninety- four are distributed among the almshouses of the State, making life a burden not alone to themselves, but to the unfortunate aged poor, who must, in silence and distress, witness their harrowing struggles. In the insane hospitals of the State are several hundred of this class, making suitable classification difficult, if not impossible. The greater number of them are hopelessly imbecilic and are as well situ- ated where they are as it is possible to make them. But a consider- able number, who. on account of their violence during the period of their attacks, must be placed in disturbed wards, are wholly out of place at other times. In the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, there are about thirty per cent of epileptics, or over four hundred in number. It is not possible in such an institution to classify the epileptics separately, or to prepare a different diet for them, which is so necessary to their im- provement, nor is it possible to secure the best results in the develop- ment of their industrial possibilities, without which much benefit is lost to the inmate, as well as economy to the State. To summarize, an Epileptic Colony is an immediate and urgent necessity: First — To afford the curable and improvable epileptics among the 2,014 mentioned, and others not reported who may be too poor to secure suitable treatment elsewhere, a home where they may receive the most skilled treatment possible, with that one chance to restored health and happiness which would otherwise be denied them. Second — To relieve the almshouses of the State, as well as to secure for their epileptics the treatment above mentioned. Third — To aid the improvable of this class in the State Hospitals for the Insane. Fourth — To relieve the Asylum for Feebie-Minded, and secure for its epileptics more scientific treatment, and better industrial advant- ages. FEEBLE-MINDED The Asylum for Feebie-Minded Children will soon be filled to its fullest capacity with inmates. Established primarily to afford facili- ties for the care, nurture, and instruction of an improvable class of Feebie-Minded Children, it has been extended, not by law, but by favor and appropriation, to include a custodial class as well. This is as it should be, but the law should be amended to include both classes, and not leave the entire responsibility of deciding when the one class shall be granted or denied admission, wholly with the trustees. The feeble-minded are often afflicted with the additional misfor- tunes of being deaf, blind, or crippled, and otherwise helpless, thereby adding to the burden of their care, and making assistance by the State doubl) necessary. Yet ii is within the power of the trust and has only been relaxed t<> a certain extenl within the past two years, to denj admission to these twice or thrice afflicted being The Law is weak both in respecl to admissions and dischargt - N i age limit is fixed. There is nothing to prevenl the parents or guard- ians taking the child out al their pleasure, whether able to provide for and protecl it or not. Particularly is this important, as it con- cerns the older girls of child bearing age, who if allowed any liberty at home,-become the pre) of the evil disposed. Too little thought has been given to the feeble-minded girls and women of child bear- ing age in the State al large, those who have aol sought and cannot gain admission to the Feeble-Minded Asylum, or could not be held there. These women are usually fully developed physically, and have the same emotions, passions and desires of the normal person, without the intellect or mental capacity to protecl themselves. They too often, and unless closely guarded, almosl without exception become mothers, thereby increasing the burden of public charity, since the children are usually degenerate, feeble-minded, epileptic. criminal,and pauper. There are two hundred and thirty-three feeble- minded females in our almshouses, of which probablj one hundred and seventy-five are in this class. The supervisors, outside of Cook county, reported three hundred and twenty-six between fifteen and forty-five years of age, who were receiving either township aid or family care. There are probably half as many more, or one hundred and sixty in Cook county, making a total of six hundred and sixty- one, for which provision should be made in a separate State institu- tion to be denominated, "A Custodial Asylum for Women." DEPENDENT \\h DELINQUENt"CHILDBEN In no department of public charities has the wisdom of its workers been so fully demonstrated us in procuring the enactment ot the law for the "Treatment and Care of Dependent and Neglected Children." with its Juvenile Courts. This question was first brought before the I. gislature in L891, in a bill prepared and presented by the Visita- tion and Aid Society, of Chicago. It brought oul much discussion at the time, but was defeated. Those who had their heart in this work were not easily discouraged however, and so continued the agitation in the child saving societies, women's, clubs, and other charitable hodies until the mutter was taken up by the Bar Association, which appointed a committee with Barvej B. Burd, as chairman. Through the efforts of this committee, supported by the societies above men- tioned, the present law, with some later amendments, was enacted. As evidence of the general need of this advanced step, may be noted the fact that within three years time, sixteen other states en- acted similar laws. It seemed better to concentrate our efforts on the young mind, just si; i it ing on the downward course, or getting his first lessons in crime, and direct his course aright, than to depend so much on our efforts 1" reform the hardened criminal who has placed a bar between himself and soeietv. Thousands of honest citizens maj thus be saved to the 9 State, and millions in money, that might otherwise be spent in pros- ecution and costs, to say nothing of the countless heartaches of parents and other dear relatives and friends. The primary purpose of the act, as of all proper child saving work, is to place them in suit- able family homes just as soon as their moral training fits them for such placement. To accomplish this, there are five avenues open to the judge. First, to return the child to its own home, under the supervision of a probation officer. Second, to place it at once in a suitable home elsewhere. Third, to committ it to some private asso- ciation or institution for the care of children. Fourth, to place it in an industrial school. Fifth, if delinquent, to commit it to the State Training School for girls at Geneva, or for boys at St.. Charles. The act very wisely provides that before a child may be committed to a private institution or association having for its object the placing out of children, such corporate body must first have the certificate of the State Commissioners of Charities that it is competent and qual- ified to care for children. It provides further, however, that the Court may commit a child to any institution within the county caring for delinquents without such certificate of the Board of Charities. It may be presumed that the framers of the law had this in mind and believed that the Court would be in a position to know fully, the competency of insitutions within his own county. During the past year we have investigated and issued certificates to twelve associations under this act, and have refused a certificate to the American Home Finding Association of Chicago. A full report of these associations will be found elsewhere in this volume. In our investigation, we found one association active in the placing out of dependent children from the state of New York. While we would make no distiction in the value of a child saved from poverty and crime in Illinois or New York, we doubt the propriety of collecting money from charitably disposed people in Illinois to carry on the work here, when instead it is to be used either in whole or in part to place children from other states. Under that section of the law which requires that all associations filing articles of incorporation, whose object shall be the care or plac- ing out of children, must first have the certificate of the State Board of ( lharities, that the incorporators are good and responsible people, and that the work is needed and is for the pirblic good, the Board has in- vestigated and approved during the past year, the following assscia- tions: The Huddleson Home, Ewing. Illinois. Tin- Metropolitan Church Association. Chicago. The Juvenile Court Committee. Chicago. The Junior Business Club. Chicago. The Central Kaptist Orphanage. Chicago. The board did not find conditions sufficiently favorable to wan ant it in recommending favorably for incorporation, the St. John's Home. Chicago; the River Forest Training School for Boys. River Forest: or the Jefferson Park Training School for Boys. Irving Park. The law authorizing industrial schools for girls was amended in 1901, it being provided in the amendment that no infant (female under l!-i years of age) who is an inmate of a house of ill-fame, or 1<> who i-. found in any prison charged with or convicted of an) penal offense, shall !"• committed to an) industrial school of thi> State. Provision is further made thai the courl committing an) girl to a training school shall have power at any time after making the com- mitment, and as long as the girl is in the school to order her dis- charge therefrom, or her restoration to her parents. Statistics compiled from 89 counties in the State, nol including Cook, and excepting Coles, DeKalb, Payette, Hamilton, Iroquois, Knox, Livingston, Logan, Marion, Randolph, Saline and Union, from which latter we gel eport, although we twice enclosed stamps for reply to the c ity judges, show thai ll<> children have been tried under the "Juvenile Courl Ad." of which number _!"><> have been committed to various associations, <>r institutions, as follows: To the Illinois Manual Training School farm, Glenwood, l_: the Illinois Children's Some and Aid Bociety, Chicago, 39; the State Training School for Girls, Geneva, 33; the Evangelical Lutheran Kinder Freund Bociety, Peoria, 24; the Anna B. .M ill ike n Home. Decatur, ten; the Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac, eight, the Union Mission, Rock I sin ml. six : McLean County I adustriaJ School for Girls, Bloom- ington, Eour; the Suddleson Some (Baptist), Ewing, four; St. Mary's Training School for Boys, Feehanville, two; Illinois Industrial Some for Girls, Evanston, five; M. E. Deaconess Orphanage, Lake Bluff, three; Cunningham Some, Champaign, two; Peoria Count) Indus- trial School for Girls, Peoria, one; St. Joseph's Some, Metamora, one: Souse of the Good Shepherd. Peoria, one; Asylum for Feeble- minded Children, Lincoln, one. The report did no1 Bhow where the remaining 70 were committed, except in Sangamon county, where the majorit) of 37 commitments were senl to the Home for the Friend- less, Springfield. The commitments were illegal in Borne of the above cases where the associations, not being industrial schools, or within the county where commitments were made, did not have the certificate of the State Board of Charities. Probation officers, either Bpecial or permanent, have been appointed in Cook, Johnson, Kankakee, Madison, Mercer. Montgomery, Morgan, Peoria, Pope, Pulaski. Rock Island and Wabash counties. si in \i;l.l.s in >Mi; FOB BOYS. Earl) J n, i he session of the Fort) second General Assembly, a com- mittee headed by Hon. \l. S. Tuthill, came to Springfield and urged the establishmenl of a State Some for Delinquenl Boys, The Legis- lature considered favorably the appeal, and appropriated $35,000.00 for buildings, furnishings, etc. No appropriation was made for land, inasmuch as assurances had been given thai the Commercial club, of ( 'hicago, stood read) to raise $50,000.00 for the establishmenl of Mich an institution. No money was donated by this club, bul several phil- anthropic gentlemen of Chicago, among whom ma) be prominently mentioned, Senr) E. Weaver, Samuel W. A.llerton and B. E Sunny, personally interested themselves in the matter, and raised $100,000.00, after personally contributing largely thereto themselves, which was used in the purchase of a fine tracl of land near St. Charles, compris- 11 ing 1,000 acres, upon which the St. Charles Home is being built. The Forty-third General Assembly appropriated $300,000.00 addi- tional for construction, and there are now completed six handsome red brick cottages, and a splendid school building, also a power plant, kitchen, laundry, creamery, barns, etc. The present capacity is aboul 250. We recommend further extensions and equipments as indicated in our tabulated report of "'Appropriations recommended." TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GIELS. The appropriations made for two cottages, were expended in the construction of a double cottage, with a capacity of 60 girls. The building was occupied as soon as completed. It had been necessary before to utilize every available space for sleeping accommodations, the skirls being crowded into the kitchens, bath rooms and hallways. Now. as l»ef ore. the same conditions exist. Accommodations for at least 100 more girls seems imperative. The county judges in some cases either are not familiar with the law. or else disregard it. for some girls have been committed there as dependents, while others have been committed who are feeble-minded. in both cases contrary to law. No provision is made in the law. regarding clothing for the inmates, either of the Training School for Girls, or the St. Charles Home for Boys. It should be provided as in other institutions, that parents or relatives who are able shall furnish clothing. The burden upon the State should not be made larger than it need be. INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR THE BLIND. After ten years conduct of the Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind, during which time we have carefully observed its possibilities as an economic institution, as well as the possibilities it affords for the amelioration of the conditions of the able bodied blind of the State, we are forced to the conclusion that it is a failure from every stand point. The industrial feature has been the manufacture of brooms, in which art the blind become more proficient possibly than in any other trade, yet with less than sixty men at work it has been found a difficult matter to dispose of the manufactured product. This is due largely to the better and smoother appearance of machine made brooms, which can be manufactured much cheaper. The loss to the State in the industrial department amounts to $200 per capita. During no year since the establishment of the institution and the operation of the factory, has the per capita cost of the institution been less than $400, and it has been above $500, the higher cost being in proportion to the increased product of the factory and indif- ferent and inefficient labor, resulting in an inferior product. Some of the better workmen complain of these poor workmen, who make up this inefficient labor, and contend that they have no right in the home, holding that the home was established for those who have become good workmen, and should not be a training department for those less efficient. We are unable, however, to see the justice in L2 limiting the benefil of the institution to a favored few who may have had the advantage of longer training or experience. Even under present conditions, those able to make brooms constitute a favored class, inasmuch as admission t<> the institution for the male blind is limited to those who can work in the broom factory. These blind people who sincerely believe thai thej are paying their way, objecl to being classed as charitable charges, yel each of them could be maintained in idleness on a strictly charitable basis, al a cost ii"t i" exceed $175 per year, whereas now the) are costing the State* annually . s :! in excess of thai amount. The onlj conclusion to be reached, is thai the home ;is an indus- trial institution should be abandoned, and some more economic plan ut four are included among the above applications. The inmates of the industrial Home for the Blind are now legal residents of Cook county, although assembled there from all parts of the State. Cook count) could not rightfully be asked to appropriate mone) to their care, but the State can well afford t<> appro] iriate $150 per annum t<» each present inmate of the home, or $250 to any male member who maj have a famil) dependenl upon him, until such time as they may become self-supporting, such Bums to be payable bj warrant of the State Auditor on the certificate of the president and secretary of t he State Commissioners of Charities. 13 ILLINOIS SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. The Forty-third General Assembly changed the name of this insti- tution from the Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, to the Illinois School for the Deaf. Owing to the age of the buildings in this institution, the Board of Charities has deemed it necessary to favor a more liberal impropria- tion for repairs and improvements, than has been usual. We find that no less amount than $12,000 per annum will make the extensive repairs that are necessary for the preservation of the buildings. We wish here to call attention to the appropriation of $15,000 made for the purchase of fifty acres of land adjoining the institution grounds. This land was purchased and has since been leased to the Driving Park Association of Jacksonville at an annual rental of $150. This appropriation was not recommended by the Board of Charities and does not seem to have been needed. Had the advice of the State Board of Charities been asked, this expenditure would doubtless not have been made. soldiers' and sailors' home, The legislature of 1903 made provision for the care of the wives of soldiers or sailors who may be received in the Home, it being pro- vided, however, that such wives of soldiers or sailors shall be of the age of sixty vears, and shall have married their present husband prior to 1880. As the law stands, it has been and doubtless will continue inoper- ative, unless amended, for now before the wives of soldiers can gain admission to the Home, the Board of Supervisors in the county they reside, must have constructed a suitable building or cottage for them. soldiers' orphans' home. The five new cottages for girls are but recently completed, and are now occupied and will add greatly to the possibilities of properly training the girls at the Home. While the superintendent has not asked an appropriation for furnishing these cottages, being embarrassed no doubt by the fact that furnishing was included in the $25,000 appropriation for con- struction, yet since the full amount was needed in the construction, and the work could not have been done within the appropriation ex- cept for the help of the boys at the Home, we recommend as shown elsewhere an appropriation of $2,000 to suitably furnish these cot- tages. HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE. There are now seven institutions in the State for the care of the in- sane with an aggregate population of approximately 8.500. Of these, five are hospitals for the insane, and two are asylums, one of the latter being for the detention of the criminal insane, and the other for the incurable insane. In the latter case however, no effort will be spared by reason of the pronounced incurability of the inmate to improve their mental condition, and possibly restore a few at least to their 1 I normal condition, [n this respect it is and will be in ever) sense a In i-| »ital. Tin' List ( i . ■ i ii • i.i 1 Assembly appropriated $300,000 for the erection of eight new cottages to accommodate Beven hundred additional in- mates. These cottages, each of which has ;i ca] acitj of one hundred inmates, were completed very recently, bnt are alread) occupied. The State Commissioners of Charities construing the primary purpose of the law establishing this institution to be t<> relieve the Hospitals for the Insane of a sufficient number of their chronic insane to enable them to receive ;iimI properly care for the .• h • 1 1 1 « • cases coming to them, insisted upon the transfer of patients from the over crowded hospitals. One hundred and sixt j patients were thus transferred to this Asylum, and the remaining number, tbout tive hundred were transferred from the county almshouses of the State, thereb) granting a much needed relief to these institutions, which are so poorly adapted to the care of this nnfort nnate class. The idea of State care of the insane being well established, it would seem proper and desirable to amend thai provision of the law whereby certain insane patients from counties in excess of their quotas shall be sent back to the counties where committed Inas- much as the law now authorizes or enables the county boards to transfer them when returned to the county almshouse, or to the Asylum for the [ncurable Insane, it should be so amended as to cause the direct transfer to the asylum, such transfer to be at the expense of the county, and the law should define the character and condition of patients to be t ransferred. One hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars was appropriated lor a new building at Watertown, which is completed, and has ample facilities for the care of three hundred and fifty patients. In this connection we wish to call attention to the plainness and simplicity of construction of this building, possessing at the same time ever) modern appliance and convenience of the most approved plan, so that the heating, plumbing, ventilation, sanitation, and light are perfect, and withal of fire proof construction, costing furnished, onlj $350 per capita. We urge upon the Legislature the limiting of buildings thai are permanently occupied by inmates, solely to fire proof con- struction. If less attention were ,it all times paid to expensive exter- ior finishing, and plainer construction required, better interior appli- ances and arrangements could be secured tor the money expended. The administration of the several hospitals has been in the main. able, and efficient. The percentage of cures has been high, and the patients have been kindl} and humanely treated. Mechanical re- straint has been reduced to a minimum, so much so, that one may often go through an institution of L200 patient without finding a single case in restraint. We find a careful observance of the law in this regard, restraint being applied only upon the order of the super- intendent . or ph\ sician in charge. Owing to the increased capacity of the Western Hospital for the [nsane, it became necessary for the state Commissioners of Charities to re-district the State. The following is a copy of their order. 15 INSANE DISTRICTS. In accordance with the powers conferred upon the State Board of Commissioners of Charities, by section five (5) of an Act for the ad- mission of patients into the hospitals for the insane, approved June 1, 188i>. the State is hereby apportioned into hospital districts for the insane, and the quotas to which each county is entitled therein shall be composed as follows: NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE — ELGIN'. County. Quotas. County. Quotas. Boone . 23 Cook...'. 811 DeKalb 46 DuPage 40 Kane 113 Kendall 16 Lake 49 McHenry 43 Winnebago. . . 6!) Total 1210 EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE LNSANE- KANKAKEE. County. Quotas. Champaign. . . 68 Cook 1517 Douglas 27 Ford 26 Iroquois 54 LaSalle 126 Vermilion .... 94 County. Quotas. Coles 49 Cumberland . . 23 Edgar 41 Grundy 35 Kankakee. ... 53 Livingston. . . 60 Will 107 Total 2280 CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE — JACKSONVILLE. County. Quotas. Adams 96 Calhoun 13 Christian 47 Fulton 66 Hancock 46 Logan 41 Macoupin 61 Mason 25 McLean 98 Montgomery. . 44 Moultrie...... 22 Pike 45 Schuyler 23 Shelby 46 Woodford 31 County. Quotas. Brown 17 Cass 25 DeWitt 27 Greene 34 Jersey 22 Macon 65 Madison 93 McDonough. . 41 Menard 21 Morgan 50 Piatt 25 Sangamon. . . . 103 Scott 15 Tazewell 48 Total 1290 SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE — ANNA. County. Quotas. Alexander .... 28 (lark 34 Clinton 29 Edwards 15 Fayette 40 Gallatin 23 Hardin 11 Jasper 29 Johnson 23 Marion 44 Monroe 20 Pope 20 Randolph 40 Saline 31 Union 32 Washington!. . 28 White .. 36 County. Quotas. Bond 23 Clay 28 Crawford 28 Effingham ... 29 Franklin 28 Hamilton 29 Jackson 49 Jefferson 40 Lawrence .... 24 Massac 19 Perry 29 Pulaski 21 Richland 23 St. Clair 124 Wabash 18 Wayne 40 Williamson. . . 40 Total 1075 WESTERX HOSPITAL FOP. THE IXSAXE WATERTOWX. County. Quotas. Bureau 59 Cook 308 Henry 57 Knox 63 Marshall 24 Ogle 42 Putnam 7 Stark 15 Warren 33 County. Quotas. Carroll 27 Henderson ... 16 Jo Daviess. . . . 35 Lee 43 Mercer 30 Peoria 127 Rock Island . . 79 Stephenson. . . 50 Whiteside. ... 50 Total 1065 From and after July 1. 1904. all persons found insane in the State of Illinois and committed to any hospi- tal for the insane will be committed to the hospital district in which the county is situated as above appor- tioned. William Jayne, President. .1. Mack Tanner, Secretary. Approved: Richard Yates, Governor. L6 The following map >>f Illinois shows the boundaries «>f the districts f<>r the insane, the t.>tal capacity of the hospital-, and the quotas appropriated \<> each county: 17 The experience of our board during the past four years has demon- strated that there often arises occasions when there is good reason for transferring patients from one hospital district to another, or from one institution to another. An insane patient may have a hallucina- tion that some evil will come to him in some certain hospital, a feeble minded person or idiot may be committed to an insane hospital, or as previously stated, to the State Training School for Girls, or to the schools for the blind or the deaf, or an inmate of the Asylum for the Criminal Insane may have become a chronic case and harmless. It would be most beneficial to confer upon the State Board of Charities, power to make such transfers from one institution to another, as might be for the welfare of the patient or inmate. ASYLUM FOR CRIMINAL INSANE. This institution has fairly met all requirements as to capacity up to the present time. The commissioners are now asking, however, an appropriation for an additional building for males, to include also a division or department for females. Two years ago we recommended an appropriation of $5,000 for a detached female ward. The number of women, however, who would be committed to the asylum does not seem to warrant additional provision for them, but such provision must be made, or else the law amended to allow their commitment to the Hospital for the Insane. We would recommend the latter course, for during the past two years no woman has been committed to this institution, although some might properly have been so committed. Josephine Hilger, the only woman who has been received in this asylum, was discharged therefrom in 1901. In collecting charges for clothing and incidental expenses for the inmates of this institution, the question arose as to the responsibility of counties for these expenses in the case of inmates transferred from the State prisons. Upon this question the following opinion was rendered by the Attorney General: Oct. 23. 1903. Hmi. ./. Mack Tanner, Secretary State Board of Charities, Springfield, III.: Dkar Sik — Upon an examination of the statute regulating the institution for insane criminals, and a comparison of the same with the statutes regulat- ing the reception of pauper insane in the other insane hospitals of this State. I am of the opinion that persons who are committed to the Hospital for the Criminal Insane, under an order or judgment of the court, or are transferred there from the State penitentiary, must be maintained and clothed at the ex- pense of the State. Those insane who are transferred from the other hospi- tals for the insane to which they had been committed merely as insane per- sons, and not on account of having been found guilty of some act. which if committed by a sane person would be a crime, are subject to the regulations respecting pauper insane, and if paupers, the county from which they have been committed is liable for their expenses. Respectfully submitted. (Signed) II. .1. Ha Ml, l.v. Attorney Gteneral. -2 B C L8 PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS FOB INSANE. [Tnder section •'>•'>. chapter S -V of Hurd's Revised Statutes, in rela- tion to lunatics, the Commissioners of Charities have inspected and issued certificates to F. I*. Nbrbury's Sanatorium ;it Jacksonville, and ( );ik Lawn Sanitarium, also at Jacksonville. These are at the presenl time the only licensed private institutions for the care of insane in this State. ( RIPPLED < HILDBEN. A l»ill known ;is H. B. 116 \\;is introduced in the last House of Representatives by Hon. B. M. Chiperfield, the purport of which was to establish a surgical institution for children, intended to secure re- storative treatment for the crippled and deformed pauper children of t he State. The bill w;is a most meritorious one, and should haw become a law. We hope such a measure may be more favorably considered at the coming session. The recent visit of Dr. Lorenz, of Austria, to Chicago and New York, and the prominent mention made thereof , called the attention of the public most forcibly to the possibilities for favorable work in bloodless anil orthopedic surgery. While public aid has been laggard with respect to the crippled and deformed, private aid has already been extended to them in the Home for Destitute and Crippled Chil- dren in Chicago. Unfortunately this worthy institution can only re- ceive a very limited number, and these solely from Cook county. The success of Dr. Ridlon in the above institution has proven that surprisingly favorable results may be expected, and that hundreds of the poor misshapen children may have restored to them those natural advantages for self-support which nature intended they should have. The establishment of such an institution may well be considered in connection with our suggested change in the support of the indus- trial blind, SO that their home mi^ht become available for this purpose. Following the general plan of a law passed in L897, for the special instruction of deaf children, the Forty-third General Assembly en- acted a law establishing schools for crippled children. ( In the appli- cation of any school board, the Superintendent of Public Instruction will grant the board authority to establish such a school for crippled children, provided the class shall consist of fifteen or more members. To support such a scl I. the comity superintendent of schools is required to pay over to t he treasurer of the school $150 for each resi- dent crippled child attending the school lor nine months, or a pro- portionate part for any less period. Chicago has the only school organized linder this act. while under the act for schools for the deaf, in addition to the classes in Chicago, there is one each in JoDaviesS, Kane. LaSalle and Rock Island counties. PBISON [NDUSTBEES. Probably no subject has offered so many perplexing problems, and has so much absorbed the attention of three administrations as the proper and economic employment of the prison labor of the state. 19 No able bodied man, except he be visited by misfortune, has a right to claim support from a State or community, unless he earns such support by his own effort or labor, or purchases it. The fact that ;i man has committed a crime and is imprisoned, should not operate to make him a perpetual burden to society, or exclude the products of his labor from the markets of the world. It is just as incumbent upon the State to employ its convicts at some remunerative labor that will pay all the expenses of their support, as it is to relieve society temporarily of their presence. Various changes have been made in the methods of employing prisoners, and it would seem with little show of improvement. Under the old method of contract prison labor, the penitentiaries were prac- tically self-sustaining. Later when a constitutional amendment made a change necessary, the State account or piece price plan was adopted. The industries under this plan were very limited in number, consist- ing of the manufacture of shoes, chairs, barrels and brooms at Joliet, brick, hollow ware and hosiery at Menard, and granite cutting .it Pontiac. In these various industries, except brick-making, the State would furnish the buildings and labor, and the contractor would put in the machinery and furnish the raw material, paying for the labor and getting the finished product. Labor was paid for at a stated sum per day, or at so much per piece, in the latter case a task being given each person to do of a certain number of pieces. The average price varied from 50 to 65 cents per day. It is because of this low price that the labor organizations protested against the unjust com- petition. Yet prison labor is unskilled, probably not 2 per cent hav- ing been engaged in any one of the prison industries prior to their sentence to the penitentiary. The average prison term is scarcely more than two and one-half years, not as long as an apprenticeship in most trades. The labor is unwilling and large quantities of goods are spoiled in making, the result being that the cost of production differs but little from that of free labor. Our labor associations grew restless under a fancied ruin- ious competition and demanded the discontinuance of the industries above mentioned, and the adoption of the New York law. The Gov- ernor therefore appointed a committee consisting of three members of the Legislature, a business man. an employer of labor and a repre- sentative of labor to investigate the New York law and report to the next General Assembly. Mr. W. D. Ryan, secretary of the Miners Union, the largest labor organization in the State, was the labor man on the committee. This committee unanimously reported against the New York law stating therein that the prisoners might be more profitably employed — one-half in digging a ditch and the other half in filling it up — since the manufacture of articles for the State had proved ;ui actual net loss. This report was made to the Forty-second General Assembly, which in consequence took no action. The succeeding Legislature, however, adopted the law, under which now all State institutions and depart- ments and political divisions of the State are required to purchase all articles that may be manufactured at the prisons therefrom. In 20 other words, the whole product of the prisons must qow be disposed of in [llinois, where heretofore not more than 25 per cenl has been sold here, while the industries will be more diversified, reaching and competing more directly with a larger proportion of free labor. The present law went into effect -I u I \ l. 1904, and it is yet too earl) t • report \ i j >< > 1 1 its merits here. PBEE EMPLOl MENT AGEN< tES. Efc cognizing the inadequacy of the local private employment agen- cies to meet the growing demands for aid in securing places of em- ployment, free State agencies were established by legislative enact- ment in l s< .»'.i. Three offices were opened at once in Chicago, and in L90] an additional office was opened in Peoria. These offices have removed largely the annoyances of many of the dishonest private agencies that practiced imposition and fraud upon the needy appli- cant for help. The law has been lately amended and improved so as to require all private agencies to lie licensed. The great good to the public may he readily seen when we learn that 176,436 men and women have secured employment through these agencies since their establishment in L899. During the year ending Sept. •"><». 1904, then- were 37,493 applicants for employment tiled and 36,710 applications for help, and positions were secured for 31»727. A full statement classifying the help will he found in the report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, to whom we are indebted for the appended table. Work of the Free "Employment offices for the year ended Sep/. 30, 1904. Application for Employment. Application for Help. Positions Ski-red. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. North Side Office West Side ( >ffice 1,162 8,081 6,976 1,591 3,94? 1,984 ■.'..v.". 2,228 5,243 M44 3,986 I.L'.YJ 1,665 ' 642 2,544 4,008 7. XI 3,923 4,099 1,748 1,831 1,970 Total -:;.;<;:; 13,780 21,625 l!'. 106 12,319 21 Free Employment Offices — Concluded. Application for employment. Application for help. Positions secured. North Side Office: Males 4,162 3.947 5,243 4.665 1,006 3. 770 Total 8,109 8,031 4.9154 9,908 8, 144 5,642 South Side Office: Males 7,380 4,748 Total 12.995 6,976 2,593 13.786 3.9S6 2,544 12,128 West Side Office: 3.923 1,831 Total 9,569 4,594 2,226 6. 530 4,252 2.234 5, 754 Peoria Office: 4.099 1.970 Total 6,820 37,493 6,486 36,710 6,069 31.727 Males 23.763 13,730 21,625 15,085 19, 408 Females 12,319 Up to Dec. 27. 1904. the number of men and women who have secured em- ployment through the offices since their establishment in July. 1899. aggre- gate 176.436. David Ros-.. Secretary. MAPS, DRAWINGS, ETC. Our board has felt the need of suitable reference maps, drawings, etc., of the several charitable institutions, and would recommend that they be empowered to secure such detailed maps, sketches, drawings, photographs, plans, etc., as will readily give full and complete in- formation of each institution to members of the Legislature, and others who may be interested. APPROPRIATIONS. Below we append tables, showing, first the appropriations for the two years beginning July 1. 1903. followed by the estimates of the trustees of the institutions of the amounts that will be required for the two years beginning July 1. 1905, together with our recommenda- tions thereon. The Forty-third General Assembly appropriated $5,254,058.50 to seventeen State charitable institutions, of which $2,777,300.00 was for ordinary expenses, and $1,176,758.50 was for special purposes. The tabulation of the estimates of the trustees of appropriations required for the ensuing two years, and which the Forty-fourth Gen- eral Assembly is asked to provide, shows a total estimated require- ment of $6,87] ,050.00 of which $4,418,500.00 is for ordinary ex- penses, and $2,452,550.00 for contemplated buildings and improve- lllf!. ( )ur board has inspected thoroughly each institution, and have dis- ced anion- ourselves and with the superintendents and trustees the needs with respecl t.» each appropriation asked, and have recom- mended only such items and such amounts as Beemed to us necessarj .'i- pari icularly desirable. \\ V would respectfully urge that the ( reneral Assembly give to our recommendations their careful consideration, since where these recommendations have been followed heretofore, needless and ex- travaganl appropriations have been avoided. Two years ago the Legislature exceeded our estimate for the ordinary expenses of the Illinois Eastern Hospital by $77,000.00, and increased our estimate of $15,000.00 for farm buildings there to $30,000.00. There is now a large surplus in the ordinary fund of this institution, equal to the excess over our estimate appropriated, and the $30,000.00 farm building shows an ornamentation of design not in keeping with the surroundings. We are recommending for ordinary expenses, $1,958,625.00 for the firsl fiscal year and $2,122,625.00 for the second, and for special purposes we recommend $1,301,000.00. A comparison of our recommendations with the trustee- estimates shows a reduction of $337,250.00 for ordinary expenses, and $1,151,- 550.00 less for special purposes, the aggregate of our recommenda- tions being $5,382,250.00 or only $128,192.00 in excess of the appro- priations made for the institutions two years ago. hist of Appropriations made l>;i the Forty-third General Assembly for the lira years beginning July /. 1903. TO THE NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, ELGIN. Ordinary expenses, $185, 000 per annum "22*9 Repairs and improvements $10,000 per annum 20,00 _\ per annum. $2,000. i.noo in Maintenance of steam plant, i innum 4.nno no od improvement of grounds, $1, 500 per annum. nance of library, $500 per annum. ''992 PJ Kurniture Livestock. l .mm Farm buildings and implements. 2.000 00 Fencine •"" '" Three fire escapes. -''"""' New roof on main building ... .... in, em in Machinery for work-shop 'J" 00 Machinery for laundry l.VtHinn er for boilers ... 1,50000 ; $486,000 00 TO THE EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, KANKAKEE. Ordinary expenses, $372,000 per annum $744,000 00 Repairs and improvements, $25, 000 per annum 50,000 00 Improvement and care of garden, $2, COO per annum 4,000 00 Improvement of grounds, $2,000 per annum 4,000 00 Farm implements and live stock, $2,000 per annum" 4.i:00 00 Material and tools for workshop. $2,000 per annum 4, 000 00 New furniture. $6,000 per annum 12,000 00 Library, $1,000 per annum 2, COO 00 Painting. $4,000 per annum 8,000 00 Maintenance of tire department, $1,000 per annum 2.000 00 New farm building 30.000 00 Pipe-coverings 3. 500 00 Total $867,500 CO TO THE CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. JACKSONVILLE, Ordinary expenses. $185,000 per annum $370.00.) 00 Repairs and improvements. $10,000 per annum 20,010 00 Cement walk, $1,500 per annum 3,000 00 Stand pipe and hose tower 4.200 00 Ice plant 6,500 00 Iron stairway for protection and necessary connections 10,000 00 Improvement of grounds, $2,000 per annum 4.000 00 Plumbing 7.000 00 Librarv, $500 per annum 1,000 00 Painting, $5,0C0 per annum 10,000 00 Live stock 2,000 00 Farm implements 500 00 Fencing, $500 per annum 1.000 00 Paving street 5,268 50 Total «444, 468 50 TO THE WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, WATERTOWN. Ordinary expenses for the year beginning July 1, 11*03 $101,500 00 Ordinary expenses for t^e year beginning July 1.1904 151,500 00 Repairs and improvements, $3,000 per annum 6.0CO 00 Library, $250 per annum 500 00 Improvement of grounds $2,500 per annum 5.000 00 Enlarging kitchen bath room and dining rooms 10,000 00 New boiler 4.500 00 New engine and dynamo 3,500 00 Farming implements and live stock 1,000 00 Draining farm 2,500 00 Carpenter shop and patient's workshop 5.000 00 Water supply and standpipe 4,000 00 New building, complete, including plumbing, heating and furnishing 125,000 00 Total. $420,000 00 TO THE SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, ANNA. Ordinary expenses for year beginning July 1. 1903 $115,000 00 ( )rdinary expenses for year beginning July 1, 1904.. 160,000 00 Repairs and improvements. $10. 000 per annum 20,000 00 Improvement of grounds. $2,000 per annum 4,000 00 Library, $300 per annum 600 00 Farm implements and live stock. $1,250 per annum 2,500 00 Pumping station and machinery for new well 3,500 00 Four tire escapes 3,200 00 Cement walks :;.ooo 00 Enlarging kitchen 2, 500 00 New barn 5,000 00 Total : $319,300 00 TO THE ASYLUM FOR THE INCURABLE INSANE. RARTONVILLE. Ordinary expenses for year beginning July 1, 1903 $ 90,000 00 Ordinary expenses for year beginning July 1, 1904 180,000 00 Repairs and improvements, $5,000 per annum 10,000 00 Improvement of grounds, $5,000 per annum 10,000 00 For building and furnishing additional cottages, including dining rooms 300,0110 00 For sewers and connections for new buildings 2,000 00 New boiler 1,500 00 New dynamo 3,000 00 Total $599, 500 00 24 [•O rHE ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS, CHESTER. <>rd:: •■ riiiin - JO <«10 00 Repairs and improvem. • per annum Library. $100 per annum ■ ■ Total In rHE ILLINOIS SCHOOL FOR THE DEAI JACKSONVILLE. Ordinary expenses, $110 • anum Repairs and improvements, $8,000 per annum ... 16 Library, $500 per annum 1,000 00 ipplj • • Plumbing and beating Scl 1 library and studio (additional appropriations).. . 25,000 00 tend trade teaching 2,00000 To purchase two new boilers and one new dynamo, reset old boiler and recon- struct and rebuild boiler bouse B96.0 ■ TO Till-. INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OI THE BLIND, JACKSONVILLE. Ordinary expenses, $33,000 per annum $110 Repairs and improvements, for first year $7, 300; for second year, .<;. ■'."<> ... 11. Materials for the printing department, $300 per annum I, 00 • Carriage, barn and paint shop Library and apparatus, $400 per annum 800 00 Total .. sir.. 800 00 TO THE INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR THE BLIND, CHICAGO. ( >rdinary expenses, $80,000 per annum $60,00 • Repairs and improvements, $3,750 per annum Medical services, --s" :< • > per annum ■ ■ Working capital in factory. $12,500 per annum 25,00 • Improvement of grounds Finishing fourth story of building 6,300 00 Furnishing fourth story dormitory 2,50000 Office safe Piano • • rater ami ice hOUSe Delict ... W Total $134,150 00 TO THE ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN, LINCOLN. < Ordinary 1 for year beginning July 1. 1903 $107,000 00 Ordinary expenses for year beginning July 1,1804 182, • • Repairs and improvements, $15,000.00 per annum 00 00 Improvement of grounds, $2,000.00 per annum Library and a hool books, $500.00 per annum 1,000 00 Paving roads along State grounds Four new boilers and brick smoke stack ls.mwoo Total ....... ; ; |m THE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' HOME, QUINCY. ( >n 1 man expenses, $187,500.00 per annum For repair-, and improvements, (10,000.00 pei annum Improvement of grounds, $1,000.00 per annum . ... Library, $600.00 per annum structing steam heating plant Plumbing in cottages • mains and lire plugs Improvement ol cemetery < Overcoats tor inmate-- Total $428,700 00 5>5 TO THE SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME, NORMAL. Ordinary expenses. $62,500.00 per annum $125,000 00 Repairs and improvements— for first year, $7, 000.00; for second year, $4. 000.00 ... 11,000 00 Library, $300.00 per annum 600 00 Well and pump 500 00 Completing and equipping hospital 2.000 00 Piano for kindergarten school 300 (X) Five cottages and furnishing same 25,000 00 T< »tal $164, 400 00 TO THE SOLDIERS" WIDOWS' HOME, WILMINGTON. Ordinary expenses, $18,000.00 per annum $36,000 00 Repairs and improvements. $500.00 per annum 1,000 00 Improvement of grounds. $100.00 per annum 200 00 Concrete walks 540 00 Brick barn 1.500 00 New power house 3, 01)0 00 Total $42,240 00 TO THE CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, CHICAGO. Ordinary expenses. $40,150.00 per annum $80,300 00 Repairs and improvements, $2,500.00 per annum 5,000 00 Library and amusements, $150.00 per annum 3u0 00 Total $85,600 00 TO THE STATE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, GENEVA. Ordinary expenses for year beginning July 1.1903 $35,000 00 Ordinary expenses for year beginning July 1,1904 45. (XX) 00 Repairs and improvements. $3,000.00 per annum 6,000 00 Improvement of grounds, $500.00 per annum 1,000 00 Parole and discharging girls. $500.00 per annum 1,000 00 Library, $100.00 per annum 200 00 Farm implements, live stock and vehicles, $250.00 per annum 500 00 Two new cottages 36,000 00 Furniture for two new cottages 3,000 00 ew boilers 3.500 00 Extension to boiler house 1,500 00 Smoke stack 3, 500 00 Ice house 1,000 00 Deficiency in 1901 ordinary for second year 8,000 00 Total $145. 200 00 TO THE ST. CHARLES HOME FOR BOYS, ST. CHARLES. Ordinary expenses for the year ending June 30,1904 $ 25,000 00 Ordinary expenses for the year ending June 30,1905 25,000 00 Building and equipment 300,000 (X) Total $350,000 00 RECAPITULATION . Institutions. Ordinary. Special. Total. Northern Insane Hospital, Elgin $370,000 00 ! $56,000 00 Eastern Insane Hospital, Kankakee 744,000 00 123,500 00 Central Insane Hospital, Jacksonville 370,000 00 74,468 50 Western Insane Hospital, Watertown 253,000 00 167,000 00 Southern Insane Hospital, Anna 275,000 00 44,300 00 Asylum for the Incurable Insane, S. Bartonville. 270,000 00 329,500 00 Asylum for Insane Criminals, Chester 70,000 00 4,200 00 School for the Deaf, Jacksonville 220,000 00 76,000 00 Institution for the Blind, Jacksonville 110,000 00 15. ,800 00 Industrial Home for the Blind, Chicago 60,000 00 | 64,150 (X) Feeble Minded Asylum, Lincoln 289,000 00 57. (XX) 00 Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy 375.000 00 , is, 700 00 Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Normal 125,000 00 39.400 00 Soldiers' Widows' Home, Wilmington 36.000 00 6,240 (X) Eye and Ear Intirmery, Chicago 80,300 00 5,300 00 Training School for Girls, Geneva 80,000 00 65,200 00 St. Charles' Boys' Home, St. Charles 50,000 00 300,000 00 Total $3,777,300 00 I $1,476,758 50 $426,000 00 867,500 (X) 444,468 50 420,000 00 319, 300 00 599,500 00 74,200 00 296,000 (X) 125,800 (X) 124,150 00 346,000 (X) 423,700 00 164, 400 (X) (2,210 00 85,600 oo 145,200 00 350,000 00 $5,254,058 50 26 =: : ■>. v. - Y ^ ■ «fse y I = ; ■ - ! E i %~-i • : ; ^ [ i : ■ i t -' - .- ? r ■ ; E = : ^ = s I ; • - - ■- to - r ?r < H EK /' u a K .- r uC - L - C - a /. u 3 - a 5 D <. 1 M a i I / to* EC 7 . E E "I - / E a ■- b ■> dt .5 re ~ f ~ z - . ~ '-. i i n y r - '- / — Si 5 = - - - _ a / re C as u _- — BIS T 7 - re — v g z 7 " 5 / - u --^ 7-£ - j<1j - E CS ^ / .2. »— !T — * — - v- jg c ,- "D go ~ ■*" z r — 5 >■ r - •^ on £ re 3 9 V DO | h - B/!s | 1- - ■Bg 01 re a 1 1 ,E : i. 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Si I Q B«U) a U-S too K . -_- £■ >.Z<*> ii u gts — S > u ~S£^ *S*E a C "O t 3 be D 9 — X o 5 - 2 £ o « i> :-. E E E » = W E- E S ^ .c 2 ■/ A - - - i- . — E - <5 P « c.= ---• = — 'Z II ~ - — V en •p z.^ c - - i- — < E — _ « 3i S •C T5 ~ - E "3 •- < ~ - /. — — *> £ r U "S Z - I - ES * -•— — *- br o : , '- - = !-■= E-r / i; =- Z '■ ■ _ M £ co* •2 S u _' u E!=~ -= — = — - - b| -r - _: - - - - - _ - ■-• - "O — - ■- a 5 - oi gam ■ ~— - — ~ - •_ ~ --it ---z - r^E i?.f •£ ~ £ uS-g a u s = 3-5 0-° O 4) >, - *■" en — •= j" « o™£.2 ■g o o a -it cd ogc£ S^ c - -; cs £ ^ u c k - J fi 43 co . : M-. tO «* V t^ ttS Hi ns CJ 03 > J!n > lM - O cd ta oi « - : -w HS 5 ,2 T3 fcUD 9 be t^ - 12 b a g « - c , 5 S S 8 U y. ■eg — X '/. s "J ; c . -^ u t: - ^ Hi 3 l-c 43 .2"t-' - c - S Q z Ordina expenses year ending J 30, 190" 8 S S 8 a 5 sa s :o oo cc r i .— « « § I §§ 5 8 =5 i 85 SI t~ ci — c to —. c i : rl T I CM CO 9 ■.: :-= £ 52 i 1? 31 8 8 8 S .5 g g faoS 30 i~ ac •' in o to — — H CM i-c i-i iH C-l « 8 8 8 8 88 88 8? — co x — [- ■* oc c-c-i 5.-: i-c to ira W3 8 8 8 88 SI £3 82 ?i TO TO O CJ ->..EcT OC t- tC — i 1 CM »0 TO O S to -1 ■* re n a O V 0) TJTO c 2Sb:^8' 3 1 g oil n a -oto I I 8 88 a oc d- S ^ ~# cm — — — t CM Tl £ 2 g £ 2 8 § 5 88 8*5* « 3*8 ^i ad a c C a a E >- u : v a; u u a; 2 B0t-| i - ) .5 0) i eg o £ * ■fa g tsS *< eg "^ C8 £ 2 eg 4) i. ~ -ly _ o r. gc h i. !_ C — ■ c c t re E| = 3 — 7 3 L = - re •— ■_ ■ - -72 • y • so a '. re : - :*j : ^ : o ; a ■?• :~ I- 1 ? ,; 2. -'3. : r : eg c v. • C ' - eg 7 eg >% = Z -* re* •y. •/! U eg re- 5 ^>> n ">— ^'-^ = -5 — ">~~£~~ B eg o m o .9'Cj5-S Ei: — S^O £ oO"S O HE W II IIN \N< I \l. STATEMENT. Tin- statement which follows shows the amounl of money to be ac- counted for by the 17 institutions, and the disposition made of it from Julv 1. i'.»o:i. to June :!•>. L904. DR. On the first daj of July, 1902, there were in t he hands of the local treasurers of L5 institutions, cash balances amounting to $163,011.34, .-Hid on July I. L903, the Industrial Eome for the Blind, and the St. Charles Home for Boys, had $7,979.10 cash on hand. Fifteen institutions had to their credil in the State treasury, July 1. 1902, unexpended balances of appropriations to the amounl of $2,142,121.14, and on July 1. L9Q3, the unexpended balance to the credil of tin- Si. Charles Homo lor Boys was s:,.imm».(K). Tlio Forty-third Genera] Assembly appropriated for the use of the IT institutions t&e sum of $5,249,058.50 for the two years from July 1. L903, to June 30, L905. The income derived from the proceeds of sales of farm produce, material, stock and manufactured articles, collections from counties and individuals for clothing, etc., was $324,536.89. 'I'lio Northern Eospital for the Insane, at Elgin, received $7,964.63 on account of Burr fund: the Asylum for Insane Criminals at Chester, $1,936.62 from the bondsmen of •). I). Baker, former treasurer of the institution, on account of ;i shortage, and the State Training SchooJ for Girls at Geneva, $853.03 on the C. W. Spaulding shortage. The income from the relatives and friends of inmates <>n account of trusl funds, was $12,701.78. The sum of the above amounts, which is $7,915,163,03, represents the total debits and constitutes the amount to be accounted for. The del >its are distributed among the several institutions as follows: 45 ■ r. .t - : i ^ « ri ? j •- O X T-l P- t- W C*J >cecpU2C
  • tAtCoOOO i-H c* f rH — ' Oi CO ~ :m — * ^-.t 3a o rc — ^ -+ t-h i—> +- Be i — * e ■SSogS n £-* r:.- u — .-> ~ _" > .E^-z [US £ So - A A = c^ c^ - C c i-i «," J.S ■•m.y.8 g, E , E =- ra^^r, co en m-O ^ 1 * Eg « S 2 = c_-_-^ g £ S E-= j gtsaal 5.EJ.E.ET 2 1 if »"g | 0)73 •a c c o _ 5-S 16 ( B. The c;isli disbursements by seventeen Institutions amounted to $4,963,750.07. ( )ii June 30, L904, the local treasurer had $242,863.23 cash on hand. The appropriations undrawn in the State Treasury, June :'> (| . L904, amounted to $2,702,426.1 I. The sum of $5,411.85 lapsed Into the State Treasury oe Sepl 30 L903. ()u June •><». L904, the sum <>i' $711.74 was in transil between the State Treasury and t he local t reasurer of I he School for the I >eaf. Tlic sum of tiir above, $7,915,163.03 represents the total credits. They are distributed among the several institutions us follows: £° 47 re eo l-t cm CD oo t~ tc © t~ re -* © © ffi « 7 -r . .: m< Oi •- -r i . . C- ] -f CO i e i,e T ] © CO © CM - . i- x * 53 n ^ot-cix ih » w co 'c o c -0.-C7I-T 55 evi o t~ «5 ci — "?i"re" c'r I—1*— ' i~ -s: ?\?\?\ \c"t- — ~ "S COM 00 CO "* © LO 00 CO © i.O '7 — ~ SNO03 lO 05 &J t-CO t'l . -_-©>i.Ot _. ^ •CO • OO t— l-O CO ■g»-2S a a O. (D •— ; ■ czr: +3 go- re ISM . o. ^^ L-? CO CI — ' C5 5 Q CM CO CO Tl X ©. © © -jt ? 1 1 - re — © r-i »— 1 © © -i — ; CM -* CM t-t t— 1 CO rt CM CM C rs 3 OcornOj.-:t-r^?:xTC^n'^cKt — ^ '— Z! — * — y - — s_ >~ A CitOII-JOH nxi^-r-i « M C v. so i^ o ci i.c ».-: ».- ^^jo^irtrtji^c-.^ 5C-05C 'COCO COrt ■-: — -. •r.z:i:i-/.-J i~ »- cc t— 7*1 «©• : $U • • c . aj . >. s :S yj • be E~ = . w Cfi ^ E 5 • "j O •iS : : « : c : : : :^S : ^ : : : n'J* c ™'~ : " ° .5 « o S oj : :=: rfl^3>.2 :| _-.*■-> __ _- > • en « M nl-tJ.t! o£ a -tr.t: Hat "hS ° eo » ^ C-£~ Xo ojj VJ C3 r-« ^ C r- ( H^ J* *v T7 Ci [Q ?* •*" g C «i i: 5 r/1 S c x -c w ~~~ Q - c— u £;» = Sh J5* 3 « u c cA> ruQ ^ -a c^h- „*-' goSS «OJ>wai ^ : X !- ^* cu - — © — 1 cu I - ,> - L -:r:--' "tr ^£2^iS-5 :-- , ':.i.i.is" S (2 feme 3 £g.E~.EE k222*!'3 § ~ w 5 HS-^-sBS ta Further details of these receipts and disbursements will be found in the tables appended to the report, and in the rej orts of the insti- t ut ions named. The actual expenses incurred have been: In- i i n rii < Ordinary. - Northern Insane. Elgin - 1.85202 i91 13 M51 ■ rn Insane. Kankakee 702,468 44 125,086 27 827,! il Insane. Jacksonville 392,037 89 J86 u Southern Insane, Anna 02 45 55,365 14 i Western Insane,.Waiertown 211,555 14 165,112 i^ incurable Insane, Bartonvill( 215,024 84 176,710 47 391, "i Criminal Insahe, Chestei - 18 5,914 69 84,1 I for the Deaf. Jacksonville 238.747 53 10 15 Blind, Jacksonville ... 109,618 64 15,40184 125, Blind.i 22,620 32 52,( 15 12 75,: • Minded, Lincoln 72,202 78 145, -J ers' and Sailors' Home, (Juincy 391,818 96 59,514 99 151, ens' Orphans, Normal 125,326 57 •"■ II 155,212 01 Soldiers' Widows, Wilmington 644 05 6,654 51 J98 56 72,741 90 6,274 09 79,1 - hool.Geneva 74,936 17 J66 02 127,802 19 Home for Boys, St. Charles.. 11,752 44 128.06J tal $3,790,262 12 (1,172,470 13 The agree nt between the statement of cash payments and of actual expenses incurred is shown ;is follows: tli.it Cash payments Deduct payments <>n account of— .... 5,508 12 5,211 26 25,1 ,150 n7 indebtedness outstanding Julj i. 1902 Indebtedness outstanding at Industrial Home for the Blind, and St. Charles Home for Boys, Julj 1,1903 111. ■ ,974 29 110,751 98 -'.732 25 49 SURPLUS. To meet the outstanding indebtedness at the close of the fiscal year the institutions had the following cash resources: In hands of local treasurers In State Treasury, on call $242,863 23 21.737 08 Blind, Chicago Feeble- Minded, Lincoln $ 9,322 77 7, 959 51 9,202 73 207 68 $264,600 31 110,757 96 Deduct indebtedness outstanding . Soldiers Widows, Wilmington Eye and Ear, Chicago St. Charles Home for Boys Deduct deficit at Criminal Insane, Chester $ 75 40 Soldiers and Sailors. Quincy 402 97 4,366 66 500 54 17,626 99 Casb surplus .$153,842 35 This surplus was divided among: them as follows: $21,196 33 55,761 41 11,863 13 2,516 58 9,563 51 5,280 46 84 30 Central Insane, Jacksonville (j iris Training School, 1,610 23 Western Insane, Watertown Incurable Insane, Barton ville School for the Deaf, Jacksonville. Net surplus $153,842 35 The above surplus does not include ledger accounts for clothing and incidental expenses of inmates outstanding and uncollected. The surplus in several of the institutions should be taken into account in estimating the ordinary expense appropriations necessary to be made for the ensuing two years. A classified summary of the ordinary expenses of the institutions for each of the two fiscal years, 1902-1903 and 1903-1904, will be found in the subsequent tables. The average number of inmates of all of the institutions under our jurisdiction^ in 1902-1908. was 11,038. In 1903-1904, it was 11,568, and for the two years it averaged 11,308. The total ordinary expenses, gross, in 1902-1903. were $1,819,945.85. The per capita cost, gross, during the same period was $164.88. During the year 1903-1904, the total ordinary expenses of the insti- tutions were $1,970,316.27. Before computing the gross per capita cost, $11,752,44 was deducted from the above amount on account of the ordinary expenses of the St. Charles Home for Boys, which was not open during the period stated for the reception of boys. The gross per capita cost for the year 1903-1904. was $1(59.31. —4 B C 50 A statemenl Bhowing the expense i«*r capita, classified, i'< »r tin- two years is as follows: I Ml \~l - I'l 1< L'Al'l I A Cl ASSIFIl [). 1W_>-1!«3. i ■ 1 • i Salaries and rages l- ( mil supplies Household supplies, furniture, etc Clothing Shop and laundry Bupplles Fuel, Ughl and water Hospital and medical supplies. . . . Freighl and transportation Building:, repairs, etc Machinery, tools, etc Farm, garden, stock, etc nses of trustees, officials, etc < office expenses Library and amusements M iscellaneous Total ! u ,,, 1 M 16 "i J 52 3 91 ■: 4:; 1 17 1 IT l <;'.< i 16 4 75 1 39 1 L'l 40 1 05 l 21 $16* 88 $169 31 51 COUNTY ALMSHOUSES AND JAILS. Of 102 counties in Illinois, all except three own almshouses and grounds. Boone county has no almshouse, but has occupied the same premises for 25 years for the care of paupers, contracting with the owner therefor. Kendall and Pope counties have no almshouses. The paupers in Kendall county receive township relief, while those in Pope county are cared for by contract with private families. The 99 counties own 15,733 acres of land, which is used for the support of paupers. Monroe county owns the smallest farm, con- taining but two acres, while Logan county has the largest with 400 acres, with Iroquois a close second with 390 acres. The average farm contains 100 acres which is ample for all ordinary requirements. Some of these grounds are nicely improved and cared for. others pre- sent the appearance of having a tenant who expects to move away. All should be beautified. Trees should be planted about the yard and buildings. The lawns might be improved and made attractive. The superintendents could grow fruit to better advantage, and rec- ommend that bulletins from the experiment station, and that the State Horticultural, Agricultural and Farmers' Institute reports be sent to each almshouse keeper in the State, and that such keepers make an effort to profit by reading them. The county almshouses are caring for a combined population of over 7,300 with a 50 per cent greater male than female population. There are 194 epileptics in the almshouses who are in need of scientific care. The 525 idiots and feeble-minded children should also be re- moved from the almshouses, so that such almshouses may become restful and helpful, if not hopeful asylums for the sick and aged poor who may be denied help or comfort elsewhere. There is a gratifying decrease in the number of children under 16 years of age in the almshouses. The aggregate number reported is 149 of which 47 are defective in some respect, either mentally or physically, making them unfit subjects to be placed in homes. Four were dentained temporarily in the pest house with contagious diseases and were not pauper cases. Six in McLean comity were held to keep the mothers from running away, while over 30 were kept because the mothers were at the alms- house and were unwilling to have the children taken away. The "juvenile court law'* makes it possible to try these children as de- pendents and thereby provide for their future welfare. \\ e Found ;i greal many cases where the care of paupers wbb lei by contracl to the lowesl bidder, in facl this seems to be the general practice in southern [llinois. W'h.it progn ss, then, have we made in s < » years? The contracts were sometimes taken as low as 15 cents per day and included food, clothing, bedding, medical attendants and general care. Docs anyone believe thai decenl care can be secured on such t( this v The Bystem is pernicious and should be prohibited. No contractor will Likely sacrifice his personal interest in the care of paupers, and they must suffer in food, clothing, comforl or health, if the expenses would otherwise run too high. A tabulation of the county jaiJ reports show presenl July 1. 1904, 1.174 pris srs, 1.1<>7 male, 67 female, and a total Dumber admitted during the preceding 12 months of 17,758, of which Dumber 16,683 were males, and 1 ,075 females. Abstracts of the reports relative to the inspections by the differenl boards of auxiliary visitors, and representatives of the State Board are given as follows: ALMSHOUSES. Adams County. — Tin- buildings of this almshouse are In ;i good sanitary condition, sufficiently heated and are well ventilated. The plumbing is in good condition. The water supply is abundanl and unpolluted by sewage. There is adequate fire protection. Suitable food and sufficient clothing are furnished. The beds are supplied with abundant covering for the cold sea- son. The place is kepi free irmn vermin. There are adequate facilities for persona] cleanliness, bath tui>s being provided, and the inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing once a week. No inhumane regulations for the government of the inmates exist. They are permitted to attend re- ligious services which are held at the institution. Light and entertaining work is provided for those who desire employment. < Mi June 30, L904, there were HU inmates present. 71 of whom were males and 37 females, (if this number one was a boy three weeks old. It is an illegitimate child and was committed to the institution by order of the county judge, the mother paying board for herself and child. The auxiliary board recommends thai ten in- sane patients be sent to the \s\lum for incurable Insane. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane, and day and night attendants are pro- vided. None of the inmates are locked up or in restraint and all have out- door ex.rcise. Their general appearance is healthy, clean ami contented. The sixes are separated by different floors and wards. The county employs a physician who visits the institution twice a week. The farm is owned by the county and is located near Paloma. It consists of 160 acres, five of which are in orchard, four in garden, and 80 are farmed. Enough small fruits and vegetables are raised to supply the inmates. The following note is added to i he report fr this county: "The conditions at the loams county poor farm arc excellent. Good air. good food, good accommodations and good care make these unfortunates .• fortable. We believe the superintendent to he capable and efficient. We suggesl that the removal of a few of the incurable insane cases would improve the condition of those removed, as well as make the surroundings of those left in the poor house more agreeable." Alexander County. The almshouse is Located near Unity, Illinois. The grounds comprise 320 acres, of which 120 acres are farmed and eighl acres are in orchard and garden. The only provision for the insane is a single cell, hut there is at this time only one insane inmate in the almshouse. There is no suitable provision for the separation of the sexes. The almshouse is not modern and isequently is without artificial ventilation, tire protection or plumbing. The inmates are required to bathe regularly every week, although no bath tubs are provided. The clothing, bedding and food are ample. The management intends to put up another building for the separate care of male and female pal ients. 58 Bund County. — The almshouse is situated one-half mile south of Greenville, Illinois. The farm contains but 20 acres of which two acres are used for g-arden. The building - is heated by stoves which arc inadequate to provide the necessary warmth during- cold weather. The building is reported to be a fire trap with no provision for fire protection. The inmates are old and arc not trusted with lamps, hence no lights are used. There. is no separate pro- vision for the insane. Male and female patients arc kept in separate wards. Care is taken to have the building's properly aired. The water supply and food are abundant and suitable. Clothing' and bedding- in sufficient quanti- ties are provided. Services are held at the almshouse, and the county phy- sician visits the institution on call. limine County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Hoard of Chari- ties. Nov. 17. 1904.) Location, five miles north of Helvidere. This county does not own its almshouse, but the county has contracted with Mr. Leach for the past -.'."> years to care for its paupers. The two cottag-es in use for the men are not in good sanitary condition, owdng to a lack of proper facilities for keeping them clean. Modern buildings should be provided. There is no separate provision for the insane, but no insane are present at this time. The women sleep in the residence of Mr. Leach, The building-s are heated by stoves and there is no proper or suitable ventilation. There is no plumbing. The water is abundant but no provision is made for fire protection. The in- mates have regular farm fare. The bedding - is sufficient and fairly clean. There are no proper facilities for personal cleanliness, although the superin- tendent states that the inmates are washed whenever necessary. No religious services are held at the almshouse and the inmates do not attend church although permitted to do so. Brown County. — Located near Mt. Sterling. The farm contains 100 acres of which 75 acres are farmed. The fruit and vegetables raised do not supply the needs. The grounds are unkempt and neglected. There is no cellar or means of preserving fruit during - the winter months. There is separate pro- vision for the insane, although there are no insane inmates. The building's are in sanitary condition. There is no artificial ventilation, no plumbing or fire protection. The building is heated by stoves. There are no facilities for bathing, and while they are required to chang'e underclothing' they, are not required to bathe. Religious services are held once a month. Bureau County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Chari- ties. Nov. IS. 1904.) Location, four miles southwest of Princeton. There is suitable provision for the care of insane. Attendants are furnished them and their general appearance is good. Four insane persons are recommended to be sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane. The provision for the separa- tion of the sexes is complete, although one insane woman is locked in a cell at nig - ht in building occupied by insane men. The buildings are in g - ood sani- tary condition and well ventilated. The plumbing is satisfactory and the water supply abundant and pure. Water pressure is furnished for fire pro- tection. The inmates are well fed and sufficient clothing and bedding is sup- plied. The bathing facilities are ample and the regulations satisfactory in this regard. The county employs a physician who comes on call. He should come regularly once a week whether called or not. The farm comprises 355 acres of which 200 acres are farmed, and balance is in pasture. As a rule, sufficient fruits and vegetables are raised for all requirements, but this year there is a shortage in the potato crop. The steam plant should be enlarged sufficiently to heat the entire institution and stoves discontinued. The siqier- intendent has only been in charg - e a few months but appearances indicate that he is doing g-ood work. Calhoun County. — Location one and one half miles north of Hardin. The farm comprises :.'4() acres, of which 100 acres are farmed, and eight acres are in orchard and garden. There is but one defective in the county alms- house. Like the majority of the county almshouses, there is neither plumb- ing, fire protection, or ventilation, except ordinary care to ventilate by doors and windows. There is sufficient food and clothing. Bath tubs are provided and the inmates required to bathe and ehang-e under clothing-. No religious services are held. The county employs a physician who visits the almshouse whenever necessary. M Carroll County. The almshouse is Located two miles southwest of Mt. Carroll. Tin- farm contains 153 acres, "f which 95 are farmed, and four acres are in orchard and garden. The almshouse is well cared for and is kept clean and sanitary. The inmates are well provided for. The superintendent and his family appear ti> give the comfort and welfare of the inmates their con- stant attention. Visitors speak in terms of praise of the condition and the management. The two insane and feeble-minded inmates are Locked in at night and have no out ney to construct a new and suitable building. There is no adequate or separate provision for the insane. No provision for the separation of the sexes. The heating is sufficient, the rooms are aired properly, and there is a good water supply from wells. There was no complaint as to food, and the clothing appeared sufficient. There are no bath tubs, but the inmates are re- quired to keep themselves clean. The almshouse presented a good appear- ance, and was in as good sanitary condition as its construction would probably allow. Cook County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. June. 1904.) The almshouse located at Dunning has outgrown the ordinary requirements of a county poor farm or almshouse. The buildings for the care of the insane alone are as extensive as those of the State hospitals for the insane. A new building constructed according to the modern view of treating consumptives, has recently been completed on the grounds. There were in the almshouse at the time of our visit. 1.865 insane patients, and 1.288 other classes. We believe that the paupers and unfortunate poor should have a place provided for them on grounds entirely separate and apart from insane inmates where so many are cared for. and would recommend that due consid- eration be given the question of the advisability of separate institutions for there care. New cottages, including farm cottage for the insane, have re- cently been completed, while the old building for the care of consumptives has been remodeled for the care of insane patients and will give sufficient increased capacity to do away with the former crowded condition in the insane wards. Crawford Canity — Located at Trimble. 111. The farm contains 300 acres, of which 260 acres are farmed. There is no provision for the care of insane in- mates, nor is there separate provision for male and female sexes. The build- ings are in fair sanitary condition, the rooms are aired and the inmates are supplied with the necessary food and clothing. The provisions for cleanliness are fair. Light employment is given to the inmates, and religious services are held occasionally. The county physician calls twice a month. The rooms need replastering. and the bath house, which it is claimed cannot be used, should be made suitable for its purpose. Cumberland County Located three miles north of Toledo. The farm con- tains 120 acres, of which 113 acres are farmed. There is no provision for the care of insane inmates. Separate compartments are provided for male and female sexes. The buildings are heated by stoves and are not very safe. There is a good water supply from the wells. The inmates are well fed and clothed. The facilities for personal cleanliness are not adequate, but the patients bathe once a week. They attend church if they wish to. The alms- house is a two story frame structure, poorly arranged. The walls are rough plastered and ceiled. The inside finish is such that it is impossible t<> keep the building free from vermin, or to keep it clean ;i- it should be. The walls are whitewashed, however, occasionally. There are ii" carpets on the floors. DeKtilb County— Location, DeKalb. The farm contains LOO acres, of which 90 are in cultivation. There are twenty insane inmates al DeKalb without separate or adequate provision for their care. The appearance of the insam wa> fairly clean and neat and they were well nourished. There is separate day and sittine- rooms and recreation grounds for the sexes, although a era! di-Jng room is used. The buildings are in fair sanitary condition. The heating is safe. There is no suitable fire protection. The inmates are prop- erly taken care of , sufficiently clothed and exercised. Religious services are seldom held. The physician averages a call once a week. DeWitt County Location, Kalleville, 111. The poor farm consists • acres of land, and six old frame buildings. They arc delapida t ed and unsan- itary. The inmates are well cared for and clothed and humanely treated. The superintendent and his wife are good humane people, but they arc hand- icapped in their can- of the patients tor want of suitable sanitary buildings. Douglas County — Location, four miles east of Tuscola. Farm contains 160 .-..res. all of which is in cultivation. There is no separate provision tor the insane. There is one harmless insane woman present at this time.. Separate buildings are provided for the separation of sexes. The food, clothing and bedding are adequate. The patients assist in the work- ami attend church if they desire. The insane woman present has well to do relatives who could l>e made to assist in her support. The county physician comes when m-eded. DuPagt County— (Inspected by a representative of the state Hoard of I har- S, Sept. 23, L904.) Located two miles west of Wheaton. The COUnty cares for 13 patients. Adequate provision is made for the separate care of the in- sane. Attendants are provided. The ventilation and sanitary conditions arc most excellent. Male and female patients occupy separate wingsof the build- ing. There is good fire protection and the food, clothing, and bedding are \fvy satisfactory. The institution is equipped with nine hath tuhs. and tin- rules as to bathing are strictly enforced. Tin institution has its own gas and cold storage plants. We are pleased to commend this institution and its ma oagement . Edgar County — Location four and a half miles northeast of Paris. The farm contains L 20 acres, all of which is in cultivation. There is Little difference noted in the report this year from preceding years. < >ne bath tub is provided, and it is suggested that more he put in. The committee reports very favor- ably concerning the management and the condition of the buildings. The insane are locked in at night, but have a day attendant. Edwards County — No difference is noted between the present and former reports. The food is prepared by a feeble-minded inmate of the place who is careless in its preparation. The inmates complain about the food and the manner in which it is cooked. We recommend better care in this regard. In other respects, fairly good care is reporled. Effingham ('mini;/ Location. Watson. The farm contains L60 acres, all id' which is in cultivation. There is no proper provision for the separation of the sexes. The buildings are ordinary farm buildings and are not suitable. There should Lea new building and equipment and Letter provision made in every way for the care of the poor. FayetU County -Location four miles from Vandalia. The farm contains 200 acres, of which 120 are in cultivation. There are no insane inmates, nor is there any provision for their care. There is neither plumbing, life protec- tion, or proper facilities for bathing. The food and bedding is satisfactory. Thee mi t tee recommends a s\ stem of w a t er w ork s w h ich could be arranged by means of wind pump and tank. I'mil County Location, one mile north of Paxton. The farm contains 117 acres, all of which is in cultivation. The buildings are modern and contain rate provision for the insane ami male and female inmates. The farm is well tended. Five hundred quarts of fruit have been canned, and 94,700 has been realized from the sale id' hoc-s. eggs, poultry and milk. 57 Franklin County. — (Inspected by a representative of the state Board of Charities. Oct. 3, 1904.) Location, two miles southeast of Benton. The farm contains 20 acres, which is all in cultivation. The report differs little from the one made heretofore. The stoves are reported not to be safe. Facilities for personal cleanliness are lacking - , and inmates are only required to bathe occassionally or when absolutely necessary. The supervisor receives $1.55 per week for the care, keep and clothing 1 of inmates. Fultai County. — Location, two miles from Canton. The farm contains 80 acres, all of which is in cultivation. We are pleased to report that extensive improvements have been made upon the building - . $10,000 having - been ex- pended for this purpose. The sanitary conditions are now good, and the arrangement for the comfort of inmates is very satisfactory. Fire ex- tinguishers and hose are provided for safety. Gallatin County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. Oct. 3. 1904.) Location, one mile west of Omaha. The farm con- tains 80 acres, of which 20 are farmed. The female department is reported as in excellent sanitary condition, while the male division was only in fair condition. The superintendent or keeper receives $2.00 a week for the care of each inmate. Greene County. — Location, four miles north of Carrollton. The farm con- tains 160 acres, of which 130 are in cultivation. Two years ago we called at- tention to the lack of proper heating facilities. YVe must report again that the furnace is inadequate and the condition in this respect should be imme- diately improved. There are no proper bathing - facilities. The regulations require bathing - twice a week, but the rules evidently are not enforced. The general arrangement of the buildings is bad. The women are kept in a sep- arate building - at night, being - locked in. The buildings are in fair sanitary condition. There is no fire protection, and fire escapes should be provided. Grundy County. — Location, five miles south of Morris. The farm contains 80 acres, all in cultivation. Extensive additions and improvements have been made to the almshouse during - the past two years. The main part of the building and one wing - have been added. The plumbing - is new and g - ood. New furniture has also been provided. The general sanitary and other con- ditions are reported most excellent. The present superintendent has been in charge for the past twenty-five years. HamMton County. — Location, two miles northeast of MeLeansboro. The farm contains 160 acres, all but ten acres of which are farmed. There is one old soldier in this institution who. if eligible, should be sent to the Old Soldiers" Home. No provision is made for the separation of the sexes, except separate sleeping rooms. The heating is insufficient. The facilities for per- sonal cleanliness are very poor. The buildings are poorly constructed and there is a lack of shade. No improvement is noted over the conditions of a yea: - ago. Hancock County. — Location, one and one-half miles southwest of Carthage. The farm contains 257 acres, of which ?."> are in cultivation. The sexes are housed on separate floors of the building. There are three insane inmates who have not been properly committed. A recent fire caused by lightning- destroyed the barn, ice house and adjoining - hay stacks. The report of the general condition is fairly satisfactory. Hardin County. — Location, eight miles southwest from Elizabethtown. The farm contains 200 acres, of which 85 are farmed. There is no adequate por- vision for the separation of the sexes. The buildings are in very bad sani- tary condition. The heating is unsafe. No attention is paid to ventilation. The whole water supply consists of a small well 300 yards distant. The beds are not clean and the covering is insufficient. Neither pans. tubs, towels. chairs, soap or combs were in evidence. Another room should be builtfor the care of male inmates. A cistern should he supplied and an orchard set out and better attention given to the needs for personal cleanliness. 58 Henderson County. — The farm contains 160 acres, Of which 90 acres are farmed. Male and female patients occupy separate buildings. Care is taken t<> have the rooms properly aired, and the buildings were found in fair sani- tary condition. The food, clothing and regulations were found ti> be satis- factory. Henry County. — Location, near Cambridge. The farm contains 330 acres, all of which is in cultivation. The almshouse is well cared for, is reasonably modern in construction, and suitable for its purpose. The superintendent's apartments are between tin- two wings of the building, separating the male and female inmates. No complaint lias been received there as to care, cloth- ing or food, all of which seems satisfactory. There are two children present under sixteen years of age, both of which are defectives. There is one old soldier presenl who is feeble-minded and mighl be properly cared for at the Soldiers' Home. Iroquois County.- Location, three miles east of Watseka. The farm con- tains 390 acres, of which L70 are farmed. The main building is new ami is modern and sanitary. Bas good ventilation and fire protection and is suita- ble in i-vt-vy respect. Separate recreation grounds as well as buildings are provided for the diff erenl sexes. The general appearance of inmates, both sane and insane, is good. The food and clothing is ample, and excellent ca re is given to see that the inmates are properly provided for. Jackson County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Char- ities, Oct. .".. l'.iot.i Location, two miles west of Carbondale. The farm con- tains 17". acres, most of which is in cultivation. The buildings are of frame Structure and are old and in very dilapidated condition. A negro woman is confined in an old one story building which looks as, if it mighl fall at any moment. The buildings should he replaced i>y modern structures suitable for the proper care of paupers. The heating is unsafe. There is no lire protec- tion and no facilities for bathing. The inmates are occasionally required to change underclothing. The beds are dirty and there appears to be a general lack of .are Jasper County. -(Inspected by a representative of the Mate Board of i hari- ties. Oct. L2, 1904.) Location.' east of Falmouth. The farm contains L60 acres. ,,t' which L10 are in cultivation. The building needs repairs. It should be re-plastered ami calcimined. The bed clothing is badly worn and of doubtful sufficiency. The female inmates are locked up after supper to en- force the separation of sexes. The overseer receives 81.47 per week per capita for providing care, food, clothing, bedding, medical attendance, etc., and pays in addition 1300 for the use of a poor, worn out farm. A room in an adjoining building is provided for the care of the insane inmates, of which none are present. There is no plumbing, and the beating is done with stoves. \\ VI Is a ml cisterns furnish abundant water supply. No complaint was made regarding the food. Jefferson County Location three miles from Mt. Vernon. The farm contains 160 acres, all of which is in cultivation. Little difference is noted in the re- port of this year and that of a year ago. The place is fairly well kept and is as sanitary as the construction will permit. The house is heated by ordinary stoves, which should lie replaced by a modern Ilea t i Dg pla n t . It is also rec- ommended that suitable toilet rooms be provided. The only insane inmate presenl should be transferred to the State asylum at I Jart on vil lc. Jersey County Location eighl miles aorthwesl of Jerseyville. The farm contains 200 acres. 70 of which are in orchard, and ten acres in garden. Separate and adequate provision is made for the insane, who are provided with niu'ht attendants when necessary. The sexes arc confined in separate buildings. It is a very clean, wholesome, well kepi place. The inmates are clean, well fed and seem contented. JoDavless County The buildings are in good sanitary condition. Furnace heat is provided and is sufficient and safe. Tin' system of vent i lat ion and plumbing is satisfactory and the water supply abundant. At the time of this report then- were six insane inmates, some of whom have since been trans- ferred tot he siate asylum. 59 Johnson County — Location four miles west of Vienna. The farm contains 130 acres of which 100 acres are farmed. The farm however is old and worn out and should be fertilized to make it productive. The building's are old and in poor sanitary condition. The heating - is insufficient and unsafe. There is no fire protection. The provision for the separation of the sexes is very poor. Inmates are not required to change underclothing - , as the bathing facilities are inadequate. The Auxiliary Board reports that the institution is a disgrace to the county. There is one child present two years old. who re- mains there through the neglect of the superintendent. It could be placed out if proper effort were made. Kane County — Location two and a half miles east of Geneva. The farm contains 27(3 acres all in cultivation. The Kane county poor farm is well kept. The sewerage drain runs two and a half miles to the Fox river, with 1-8 drop to the foot. There is an outside steam and electric plant which heats and lights the entire building. There is a refrigerator 20x20 feet in which enough meat can be stored to supply the institution for five to six weeks. There is a new barn with all late improvements. Fire escapes are provided for the main building', also water pressure that will throw water to the top of any of the building-s. Two deep wells supply all the water that is needed. Eighty head of cattle are kept, in fact every modern convenience seems to be provided. The food, clothing and bedding are good and sufficient. The county employs a physician who comes when needed. Kunfatkcc County — The county owns a farm, but rents also an adjoining- farm all of which is worked. Fruit and vegetables are raised in abundance,, sufficient to supply the needs. Since the last report there has been added to- the main building, a large main room and a sick ward, also a new and up to date laundry. The sewerage is being improved by enlarging the pipes. Fur- nace heat is provided. The plumbing is good. Hath tubs are provided and inmates are required to bathe regularly. Work is provided for all who de- sire it. Many of the inmates are partially supported by relatives. Kendall County — Kendall county has no almshouse, the paupers being maintained by each township where support is needed. Knox County — Location near Knoxville. The farm contains 141 acres all of which is in cultivation. The Auxiliary Board reports the institution as a model of neatness and order throughout. That it was a pleasure to visit this home of unfortunates, that there was nothing - to condemn and everything to praise. The inmates co-operate with the help in doing the routine work of the house in the setting and cleaning of tables, preparing vegetables, etc. The same applies to the outdoor work where the inmates were as contented and busy as thoug'h doing work on their own farms. Lithe County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Chari- ties, Sept. 22. 1904.) Location Liberty ville. The farm contains 150 acres of which 75 acres are farmed. The female inmates occupy the second floor of the building, and the male inmates the first. The buildings are in fair sani- tary condition. Hot water heat is provided and the rooms are aired daily. Babcock fire extinguishers are provided throughout the building. The facil- ities for bathing and personal cleanliness are very poor. Only one bath tub is pi - ovided. this for the female inmates to which water has to be carried. The male inmates use a pond for bathing during the summer, but it is prob- able that the bathing is very much neglected during the winter months. The eight insane inmates are locked up all the time, and one male insane pa- tient is strapped to his bed when he becomes excited. The county employs a physician who visits the almshouse when needed. LaSiiHe County — The buildings are in good sanitary condition, the bath rooms and closets being without odor. No complaint of the food is made by the inmates, in fact those who were talked with say that it is good and satis- factory. The woman's building is quite modern and complete. The male and female patients are kept in separate buildings. Bath tubs are provided and the inmates required to bathe once a week. There is plenty of fruit and veg- etables raised on the farm. There are more insane inmates in this almshouse than any other outside of Cook county, but since this report, a large number has been transferred to Bartonville. 60 Lawrenct County Location four miles wesl of Lawrenceville. The farm contains 80 acres, of which i" are in cultivation. There are presenl Ave children under 16 years ol age, two of whom are of school age, bul are do1 allowed to attend the districl school, because the directors object. The chil- dren remain in the almshouse through neglect. At Leasl three of them mighl i„- placed out or adopted without difficulty. The building is unfit for the proper care of paupers, and Bhould be replaced with a new building. /.,, County Location five and a half miles south of Dixon. The farm con- tains 100 acres, of whicb 90 acres are in cultivation, and Four acres are in orchard and garden. The insane are suitably separated from other inmates anil have daj attendants. Of the insane present, three are Locked upal times, some of them being locked up by way of punishmenl The provision for the separati f male and female sexes is no1 entirely adequate. The sanitary condition, ventilation, water supply, fire protection, etc., are satisfactory. The meals are good and wholesome, and the bedding and clothing sufficient and clean. The almshouse is being kepi in better condition than heretofore. Livingston County -Location Effards Poinl Township. The farm contains 830 acres, all of which is in cultivation, five acres being in orchard and ten acres in garden. There is here separate and adequate provision for insane patients. Those present are in g I physical condition. Separate wards are provided for the sexes. The building is in good sanitary condition and is modern in appointmenl and equipment. The water Bupply is abundanl and pure. The Board of Auxiliary visitors urge thai the Board of Supervisors put in an elevator which is badly needed to enable those in charge to render to the old and crippled, better and more efficient service. The infirmary is well kept, those in control being efficient and firm, ye1 humane in their ad- minisl ral i< >n. Logan County. Location four miles from Lincoln. The farm contains 100 acres of which 240 are in cultivation, ten acres are in orchard and ten in gar- den, so thai abundanl fruit and vegetables sufficient to meel the requirements are raised. There are a few patients here who should he placed in the Asylum for the Incurable Insane. Suitable and separate provision is made for insane patients. The genera] appearance of them is good. The sexes occupj separ- ate buildings, the males being in separate dormitories, and the females in the main building. Natural ventilation is looked after. The plumbing is good, 91,000 having been recently spent in putting it in condition. There is . tire protection, which includes t w o fire escapes. Tin- food, bedding and cloth- are sufficienl ami suitable. A physician is employed who comes on call. ■ I housekeeping is shown by clean floors, windows, and beds. The air of the rooms is untainted. Good milk ami butter are supplied. The male in- mates cultivate flowers, making the grounds attractive. Mrs. Spellman, wife of the superintendent, is exceptionally efficient ami faithful. Macon County. Location four miles northeasl of Decatur. The farm con tains 200 acres. 80 of which are farmed. The management both of the farm and the almhouse, was it seemed to your committee, everything that could '»■ desired. The house is in good repair and condition, except as mentioned be- Low. The bath tubs are old and verj rusty. They are iron with wooden hand rails supervisor who now has control of these mailers makes his reporl to the counts hoard, who in turn accept or reject his recommendations. His good fgestions are often lost by being thus rejected or neglected, whereas if lie 61 were competent as a supervisor usually is. much time and expense could be saved by giving him authority to act in these matters. The greatest change needed however, is suitable provision for the incurable insane and epileptics. To your committee it seems little less than cruelty to compel refined old la- dies who are ingood health to associate with the above classes, even though of their own sex. Macoupin County. — Location two miles north id' Carlinville. The farm con- tains 120 acres all of which is in cultivation. During- the past year there has been completed a large addition to the main brick building- which in itself is large anil suitable for its purpose. The old frame lmilding- was moved to the east side of the grounds and placed on a foundation to use in emergency. The building however while old and so constructed as to make it impossible to keep clean and in sanitary condition, continues to be regularly occupied by the idiots and helpless unclassified patients. Means should be provided for a new building. The county physician visits the almhouse bi-weekly. Madison County. — Location at Edwardsville near the edge of town. The farm contains but 20 acres, there being no orchard, and only eight acres used for farming purposes. Two acres are in garden. There is one old soldier here who cannot gain admission to the Soldiers Home on account of being in- sane. The 26 insane inmates receive the care of day and night attendants. Some of those present have never been adjudged insane doubtless through negligence. Separate provision is made for the sexes. The buildings are fairly clean and in fair sanitary condition. The water closets are detached buildings and are in fearfxil condition. They ought to be changed to flush closets in dooi-s and connected with the sewer. The insane ward is heated by stoves and is not safe. During the winter time 68 inmates have been com- pelled to sleep in one room without any system of ventilation. Marion County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Char- ities. October 1. 1904.) Location five miles southeast of Salem. The farm contains 200 acres, of which 160 acres are farmed and five acres are in garden. Vegetables in abundance are raised, but very little fruit. There is no suit- able and separate provision for the insane. The sexes occupy different sides of the building-. The buildings are heated by stoves and in poor sanitary condition. They are aired daily by opening the windows. There is no plumbing and no fire protection. The beds are not very clean, but there is plenty of covering. No bath tubs are provided, the inmates being- required to bathe once a week in summer time, but hardly oftener than once a month during the winter. The buildings are old and pretty well dilapidated. The floors are scrubbed every two weeks, and the superintendent endeavors to keep the place in proper shape. New buildings are very badly needed. Marshall County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Hoard of Char- ities. - — . 1904.) Location two and a half miles west of Sparland. The farm contains 120 acres, of which 80 acres are in cultivation, three acres are in garden. Vegetables sufficient for their immediate needs are raised. There are three insane women present who are old and have been here many years. They were returned from Jacksonville and occupy rooms in the same building with other female inmates. During the past year a tank has been built to which water is pumped by a windmill. There has also been constructed a wash house, water being supplied to it and the kitchen from the new tank. A bath tub has been put in the wash house where water can be heated to supply it. Mason County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Hoard of Char- ities. November 22. 1904.) Location at Teheran. The farm contains 154 acres all of which are in cultivation. There is separate but inadequate provision for the insane, should there be any need of such accommodations. There art- no insane present at this time. The buildings are kept very clean. They are heated by stoves and kept warm. There is abundant water supply but no fire protection. Buckets are used for bathing purposes, and the inmates are required to take a bath on Sunday. Religious services are occasionally held at the almshouse. The county employs a physician who calls once a week. Since the last report the almshouse has a new superintendent. The conditions have been greatly improved and some neeeded improvements have G2 been made. The stock <>n the farm is in ezcellenl condition, and the farm Looks prosperous. The beating and bathing facilities should )>«■ given atten- tion. Massac County. Location three miles east of Metropolis. The farm con- tains L 20 acres of which LOO are farmed, and four acres are in garden. No fruits are raised, but enough vegetables are raised for requirements. There is inadequate provision tor tin- separation of the sexes. More attention is given to this matt •!■ than formerly, but more Locks are needed. The condi- tion of tin- insane inmates is pitiful in the extreme. The beds are not clean ami there is only scant covering. There is very inadequate facilities for bath- ing purposes. The county physician visits t he almshouse once a week and oftener if needed. The almshouse is in better condition than it was when last reported hut is greatly in need of repairs. Theroof leaks, the heating is insufficient, the building can only lie ventilated through the hall in winter. New bedsteads, mattresses an. I covers are also needed. The presenl building should he torn down and on.' more suitable to the needs of its inmates erected. One of the inmates complained that they were whipped and never received a kind word, except when visitors were present, that they were compelled by the lash to work and were put under Lock and key if they attempted to complain or Leave, and that the f 1 was utterly insufficient, investigation by the Board failed to confirm this complaint. The superintendent receives 81.00 a week per cap- ita for t hi' care of inmat es. McDonoitgh County Location two and a half miles southeast of county seat. The farm contains L60 acres, live acres being in orchard and live in garden. An abundance of fruit and vegetables are raised, sufficient for the needs. The insane are separated from other inmates by being locked np in rooms. The house is divided into 1 w o wings, one being occupied by male patients, and the other by female patients. The buildings are in fair sanitary condition, the beating being adequate and the plumbing and sewerage satisfactory. There is sufficient bedding, clothes and food, no complaint being made re- specting the latter. The county employs a physician when necessary. The farm is in e-ood condition, and the inmates are well cared for and seem to he satisfied. McHenry County Location. Bartland. The farm contains L90 acres, all of which are in cultivation. Separate provision is made for insane inmates, of which there are ii present, one not having been adjudged insane. Four are bedridden. The male and female patients are kept on separate floors ami in separate rooms. The buildings are clean and in good sanitary condition. The inmates are . ifortably clothed and well nourished and have clean beds and surroundings. A pumping plant has been installed during the past year and water is now accessible in all parts of the building. Hose has also been placed ready for use on each floor in the wine- of the building, but the tire escapes on the wing occupied by the insane persons cannot he opened from the OUtside, a delect which should he remedied at once. The building used as a pesl house should he burned, and one provided more suitable for the pur- pose. McLean County I ation, four miles south of Bloomington. The farm con- tains 360 acres, of which L80 are farmed, three acres in orchard, ten acres in garden, L5 in lawn, and the rest in meadow and pasture. There are two old soldier- present at this institution. Six children are kept in the alinsh.ui.se to keep the mothers from running away. There are I.", insane inmates, no attendants being employed for their care. '1'heir a ppeara nee is good. The buildings are modern, the ventilating, water and sewerage system being sat- isfactory. The bedding is abundant, good blankets and comforts being pro- vided. Bath tubs arc also provided, and the inmates are required so bathe Ohce a week. KeligioUS BerviceG are held at the poor house by the Y. M. < '. A. All inmates who are willing are given Light work. The county employs a physician, who conies ohce a week. v. nan i County (Inspected by a representative of the state Hoard of Chari- ties, Nov. 21, I'.'Ul.) Location, two and a half miles southeast of Petersburg. The farm contains L92 acres, of which 80 acres arc farmed. There arc no in- sane inmates present. The insane department has been abandoned, being 63 now used for the storage of vegetables. It is in fact better adapsed for this purpose than for the care of insane. The buildings are all in bad repair. The commissioners decline to make any repairs, as there is talk of erecting new buildings about one-half mile from the present site. It is not expected, however, that the construction of buildings will be started until the debt on the court house is paid, which will probably be in the spring. At present the provision for the separation of the sexes is wholly inadequate, the nun and women occupying the same building, the women being locked in the rooms at night. Mercer County — Location, three miles north of Aledo. The farm contains 355 acres, of which 140 are farmed. There is only about one and a half acres tended to garden, which does not supply all the vegetables needed. There is one old soldier present who remains here from choice. The two insane in- mates should be sent to the Asylum for the Incurable Insane. There are nine children here under 16 years of age. It would seem if proper effort had been made some of these would have been placed out before this. The sexes are amply provided for in separate wards. The building is new and modern, is well furnished and equipped. It is clean and sanitary. Bath tubs are pro- vided and the inmates are required to bathe regularly. Inmates are permitted to attend church, but no religious services are held at the almshouse. Monroe County — This county does not own a poor farm. Arrangements are made with Dr. J. C. Fults. the superintendent, who cares for the paupers of the county. There is only one defective, a feeble-minded woman, in the in- stitution. The other 13 inmates are paupers. Separate cells or rooms are used for the female inmates, being separated by main hall way. The build- ings are in poor sanitary condition. The general conditions are reported sat- isfactory as to bedding, clothing- and food. Montgomery County — Location, two and a half miles south of Hillsboro. The farm contains 240 acres, all of which is in cultivation. Four cells are provided for the care and separation of the insane inmates, attendants being employed when necessary. One insane inmate, who has been insane for 55 years, has never been so adjudged. The provision for the separation of the sexes is complete. The buildings are in good sanitary condition, are well heated, but there is no fire protection. The clothing and bedding are suffi- cient. No bath tubs are provided, althougdi otherwise good facilities for per- sonal cleanliness are afforded. Inmates who desire, attend church. Religious services are sometimes held at the poor house. The inmates are given light work when able to perform it. Morgan County — Location, four miles northwest of Jacksonville. The farm contains 200 acres, of which four are in orchard and six acres in garden. The remainder is farmed. Is is reported that all the insane inmates are proper subjects for the Asylum for the Incurable Insane, there being at the time of the report. 32 of them. Day attendants are employed. The general appearance of the insane is good. The sexes occupy separate wards in sep- arate parts of the building. The heating is sufficient and safe, but the sani- tary condition is not good. There is no means of ventilation, except by opening the windows. There is no plumbing or fire protection. The cloth- ing and bedding is quite sufficient. No bath tubs are provided and otherwise the facilities for personal cleanliness are inadequate. The regulations are satisfactory Inmates are permitted to attend church, and religious services are sometims held at the poor house. The county physician comes on call when required. Moultrie County — Location two miles west of Sullivan. The farm contains 224 acres, all of which is in cultivation. Only about one acre is tended to garden. There is one insane inmate who should be sent to the Asylum for the Incurable Insane. Separate apartments are provided for the sexes. The heating is sufficient and safe. The buildings are in good sanitary condition and proper care is taken to have the rooms aired. There is no fire protec- tion. No complaint has been made regarding the food, of which three meals are furnished daily. The clothing and bedding is kept clean and is sufficient. Bath tubs are provided, and inmates are required to bathe regularly. Re- ligious services are held at the poor house, and light work is provided for those who desire it. r,\ ui five are reported tit subjects to be transferred to the Asylum for incurable fnsane. Separate apartments are provided Cor the Bezes, the inmates being kept apart by means of Lock- ing the doors. The buildings are well heated and are in good sanitary con- dition. The plumbing is also good. The water supply is abundant, although there is no fire protection, inmates are suitably fed, and sufficient bedding and clothing is provided. Bath tubs are also provided, and inmates are quired to bathe and change underclothing. Religious services are held at the poor house only at funerals. Light work is furnished those who desire it. The county physician calls when needed. 1'in iin County This county almshouse has a farm of good land consisting of 320 acres. There are some apple and cherry trees, abundant grape vines, with acres of vegetables all looking in tine condition. The prospect of a good crop is bright. All buildings are in a g 1 sanitary condition. The beating is sufficient and safe and there is good ventilation. The plumbing has been lately improved and is in good condition. The Auxiliary Hoard is of the opinion that the water supply could be improved l»y artesian wells. Tin- sewerage system is satisfactory. There is adequate tire protection, bose <>n each floor and is connected with hydrants, and steam is kept up night and day. The sexes are properly separated, the males being kept in one part of the building, and the women in another. The f 1 furnished is satisfactory. The bread is white, sweet and Light; three meals a day arc given with meat twice a day. tea or coffee with each meal. Vegetables and fruit raise. 1 on the place are furnished in abundance. The beds look clean, have sufficient covering, ami the rooms are properly heated in winter. There is no sign of vermin. Frequent whitewashing is done. The institution has hath rooms on each tl • ami corridor ami every inmate is bathed weekly with change of underclothing. From observation, we do not believe that the regulations an- unnecessarily severe. Religious services are held every other Sunday in a separate church building by volunteers from the city, taked from the Christian Endeavor of the different churches. All able bodied inmates help on the farm, and others do light work around the house. The hospital build- ing of the almshouse, superintended by Miss Leeds with two assistant nurses, is a three story brick building, large and commodious, finely venti- lated, and in all hut one respect, well equipped. The Lacking detail is that of electric light. Lamps are dangerous, and on several occasions a tire has been averted. The hospital and main building should have an electric Light plant. Through the Long, dark winter nights, as the only means of sarety, the main building is in some parts in total darkness. This improvement with that of an artesian well, would give our county an institution second to none ill t he State. The number of inmates of the hospital w as thirty-nine, twenty of whom are women, and nineteen men. Five of the women are insane, one young man of thirty-five years is an epileptic, most of the other cases an' chronic. A little hoy two years old a ml a chi Id of a worthless father, and an insane mother at Jacksonville, will he put in a home as s,„,n as one can he found. A Syrian woman, who has been in the hospital for years was. at her earnest request, sent by the COUnty to New York where some kind association took Charge of her and furnished funds for her return to her ow n country. The hospital is well supplied with a drug room, base morgue, elevator and all necessary appliances. The superintendent Ls now serving his second term, and we believe that both he anil his wife arc well titled for the position-. On the 30th day of June, L904, there were one hundred ami forty-six inmates present. Perry County On June 30th, L904, there were Beven inmates present in this almshouse, fiveof whom were males, ami two females. There were no chil dren present. The Auxiliary Hoard recommends that one insane patient be sent to the Asylum for Inciirahlc lns;inc There is no separate and adequate provision for the insane. The insane have no outdoor exercise. The general appearance of the male insane is vigorous, hut the females arc weak and emaciated. There is a proper separat ion of the sexes. The huildine/s are 65 in a good sanitary condition and care is taken to have the rooms aired. The heating- system is not sufficient or safe. There is no plumbing. The water supply is pure. The fire protection is inadequate. Good wholesome and suitable food is furnished. The clothing is sufficient, the beds are clean, and provided with abundant covering for the cold weather. There are no bath tubs and no facilities for personal cleanliness. The regulations are not un necessarily severe. Religious services are held in the institution. Lig-ht and entertaining work is provided for those who desire it. The county employs ;i physician and he visits the almshouse when necessary. The farm is owned by the county. It is located one mile south of Pinckneyville. It consists of ninty acres of land, five of which are in orchard, three in garden, and eighty- two are fanned. Enough fruit and vegetables are raised to supply the in mates. The Auxiliary Board recommends that the heating system be changed from stoves to a heater: that a windmill and tank be provided so as to secure bathing facilities and fire protection. Piatt County — One insane patient is locked up and is not afforded any out- door exercise. The general appearance of the insane is satisfactory. There is adequate separation of the sexes. The buildings are in a good sanitary condition, well ventilated, and sufficiently heated. The plumbing is in good condition and the water supply abundant and pure. There is no fire protec- tion except four openings from halls. Proper and sufficient food is furnished. The clothing is ample and the beds have abundant covering for cold weather. There are adequate facilities for personal cleanliness, bath tubs being pro- vided. No religious services are held at the institution, but all who desire are permitted to attend church. The regulations are not severe. Employ- ment is provided for those who desire to work. The county employs a phy- sician and he visits the almshouse when called during the day. The farm is owned by the county and is located in Willow Branch Township. It con- sists of 280 acres of land, of which from four to five acres are in orchard, and about six in garden. Enough small fruits and vegetables are raised to sup- ply the inmates. In our last report we made the suggestion that a partition fence be built to separate the family of the superintendent from the inmates. when exercising in the yard. We still think it advisable. Pike County — On June 30th. 1904. there were seventy-seven inmates in this almshouse, forty-one of whom were males, and thirty-six females. Of this number eleven were children under sixteen years of age. eight boys and three girls. The youngest boy was five years old, and the oldest fourteen. The girls ranged in age from nine to thirteen years. The auxiliary board says that the reason these children are in the almshouse is because they have no homes. It is of the opinion that all could be placed out. Some are retained because parents will not sign a release. Among the inmates present, two are old soldiers. One refuses to go to the Soldiers" Home, and the other was a deserter and is insane. There is not adequate provision for the insane. Their g-eneral appearance is good. The only separation of the sexes is at night. The buildings are in a good sanitary condition and are well ventilated. The heating system is not entirely safe or sufficient. Xo plumbing exists. The water supply is abundant and good. The fire protection could be improved by raising a tank. Wholesome and suitable food, sufficient clothing, and abundant covering for the beds are provided. The institution is free from vermin. There seems to be adequate facilities for personal cleanliness, bath tubs being provided. The inmates are required to bathe and change under- clothing once a week. Everything about the place is arranged for the com- fort of the inmates, and in our opinion the regulations are not severe. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend church, and religious services are held monthly in the institution. Employment is furnished to those who desire to work. The county physician visits the almshouse weekly. The farm is owned by the county. It is located two and a half miles southwest of Pittsfield. It contains 80 acres of land. Two acres are in orchard, and three in garden. Enough fruits and vegetables are raised, but a larger orchard should be set out. - 5 B C 66 Pope County (County visited by ;i representative of the Stab Board of Charities, October 2, 1904.) There is ao poor farm in this county, the pau] being cared for in pri ate families. At presenl there are only three paupers which are being cared for by the county; two men are boarded at a cost i per month each, ami an old Lady is cared for al 15.00 per month. They ;,,•,■ all boarded at different places. In case <»f death, the county doe- ao1 lurial expenses. This is paid by the party boarding the pauper. Pulaski County (Inspected by a representative ot the State Board of Char- ities, July l. 1904.) This almshouse is a one-story detached frame bui l d i n g , ible for a small number of inmates. It needs furnishing badly in order to provide for the comforl of the inmates. The number of inmates pn ,,11 June 30th, L904, was six, three of whom were males, and three females. Of this number two were insane. The genera] appearance of the insan< fair. The separation of the sexes is adequate. The buildings are in a sanitary condition and properly ventilated. The beating is sufficient and safe. No plumbing exists. The water supply is from wells and isconsidi ■ ;. There is no fire protection. The inmates are properly fed, hav.- suffi- cient clothing, and abundant covering for their beds There are facilities personal cleanliness, bu1 bath tubs are not provided. The inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing regularly. The regulations govern the inmates are not unnecessarily severe. They are permitted to atb church ami are provided with employment. The county physician visits the almshouse '>n call. The farm consists of eighty acres, forty of which are farmed. The farm is owned by the county, and is located two miles from Olmstead. Putnam County (Inspected by representative of Mate Hoard of Charities Sept. 21, L904.) This building is old bu1 is kept very clean. It has been papered throughout during the last two years. It is in a fair sanitary condi- tion, is ventilated wholly by windows, and is sufficiently heated by stoves. No plumbing exists. The water supply is satisfactory. There is no fire pro tection. The inmates are supplied three meals daily of wholesome and suit- able f I. The clothing is sufficient and there is abundant eoveringfor the beds. The only facility for personal cleanliness is wash tubs. The inmate- are required to bathe and change underclothing once a week. The regula- tions for the government of the inmates are nol severe. No religions services are held at the almshouse, and there is no church near enough for the inmates to attend. Employment is furnished for those who wish to work. There is only one insane inmate present, a man. who present- a very ragged appear- ance. He spend- his time tearing holes in his clothes and patching them. Be is eighteen years old and came to the institution as a pauper, and has since become insane. bu1 has never been so adjudged by the court. The county employs a physician and he visits the almshouse once a week or when ever i essary. The farm, which < sists of thirty acres, is owned by the county, and is located three miles east of Hennepin. One-half acre is in garden and twenty sis are farmed. Randolph County (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of charities. October 5, L904.) The one story frame building of this almshouse is in fair condition, but the brick building is in bad shape. One inmate, who is an epileptic and idiot, is very filthy, and his room is in a frightful shape. The superintendent says this room is scrubbed ou1 twice a week, but from its condition it should be scrubbed daily, or oftener. There is a sickening odor about the place, and something should be done to thoroughly disinfecl the whole building. The number of inmates presenl on the date of visit were thirty-nine, twenty-sis of whom were males and thirteen females. There were three children under sixteen years of age presenl in the alms bouse, all of whom were girls. Their ages were eleven, four, and one and a half years. The reason given why these children were here is. that their mother is .lead and the father is in the penitentiary, having been convicted Of an attempt ;il train wrecking. His term will probablj not expire for six or eighl years. The superintendent says the father will not relinquish claim lo the children, steps should he immediately taken to take these children awaj from the almshouse. The car.- of the two younger children falls entirely upon the eleven year old girl. The older girl is not sent t<> school. (57 but will attend when the term opens. It is recommended that one insane man be sent to the asylum for incurable insane. The insane are locked up at night and all have outdoor exercise. Their appearance is not very good. The male and female inmates are cared for in different sides of the building. The heating - , which is by steam, is sufficient and safe. No plumbing- exists and there is no fire protection. The water supply is abundant and good. Food ample and sufficient, and sufficient clothing is furnished. The covering for the beds is abundant, but not very clean. There is some vermin. Bath tubs with hot and cold water are provided, and the inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing once a week. The regulations are not severe. Occasionally religious services are held at the institution. Employ- ment is furnished for those who desire to work. The county employs a physician and he visits the almshouse three times a week and on call. The county owns the farm. It contains 160 acres of land, ten of which are in orchard, two in garden, and eighty are farmed. It is located two miles southeast of Chester. Richland County — There are two children in this almshouse under 16 years of age. one. a boy 10 years old. and the other a girl of 14 years. They are both illigitimate children, and so far the county authorities have not suc- ceeded in finding them homes. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane, and the patients have day and night attendants when necessary. They are not locked up or in restraint and all have outdoor exercise. The sexes are separated in different rooms. The heating is sufficient and safe, the rooms properly aired and the ventilation is g'ood. No plumbing exists. The water supply is ample and good. The inmates are fed three meals daily of wholesome and suitable food. The clothing is sufficient and the bedding abund- ant. The place is free from vermin. There are adequate facilities for personal cleanliness, bath tubs being provided. The inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing. The regulations are not severe. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend church, and occationally religious services are held at the poor house. Employment is provided. The county physician visits the almshouse when called. The county owns the farm which consists of 100 acres of land, ten acres of which are in orchard, one and a quarter acres are in garden and the balance is farmed. It is located four miles south of Olney. The atixiliary board adds the following - note to their report: "Our almshouse is in splendid sanitary condition, all floors, bedding and clothing- of inmates neat and clean. The matron and superintendent deserve much praise for the cleanly condition of the house and manner of caring for the inmates. Rock fslinul County — This almshouse has 108 inmates, 66 of whom are males, and 42 females. We are pleased to note that there are no children among that number. During the past year five children were born in the almshouse, but homes were found for all of them. In the opinion of the board of visi- tors. 25 insane inmates should be sent to the asylum for incurable insane. The insane have separate and adequate provision and day and night attend- ants are on duty. Fifteen of the insane are locked up. but their general appearance is good. The separation of the sexes is by different apartments. The building's are in good sanitary condition, have good ventilation, and the heating is sufficient and safe. The plumbing is satisfactory. There is ade- quate fire protection and an abundance of good water. Wholesome and suit- able food is furnished. Good clothing- is provided and the beds have ample covering for cold weather. Bath tubs are provided and the bathing- facilities are adequate. The inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing. The rules and regulations g-overning the inmates are not severe. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend church, and occasionally religious services are held at the institution. Employment is provided. The county physician visits the institution whenever necessary. The county owns the farm which consists of 177};.' acres, four of which are in orchard, three in garden and lTti acres are farmed. The farm is located near Coal Valley. Saline County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Chari- ties, Oct. 2. 1904.) Three children under 10 years of age were found in the almshouse of this county, all were hoys aged respectively, 12 years. '.> years 68 and i months. The reason given why these children remain in the almhouse, isih.ii they are with their mother. An efforl Is being made to place two of the older children in tomes. The buildings are very dirty and are ;ii»'in ready t<> fall to pieces. <>n 1 1 1 * - whole the place presents a very dilapidated appearance. The superintendent pays $250 a year as renl for the farm, and receives 86 cents a day for caring for each Inmate. This amount includes medicine and everything except burial expenees. The general appearance the inmates is very poor. The male and female inmates are eared for in dif- ferenl buildings. The buildings are heated by stoves. They are uo1 properly ventilated. There is no plumbing. The water supply is only fair. There is absolutely qo fire protection. Only ;i Bcanty supply of clothing is furnished, ami the covering on the beds is very dirty, vermin being in abundance. The inspector reports thai the inmates are required to bathe and change under- clothing when absolutely accessary. The regulations are not severe, [mo art- ix >i permitted to attend church, and no religious services are held at the institution. Employment is provided. The county does aol employs phy- sician to visit the almshouse. The county farm is located two miles wesl Barrisburg, contains 120 acres of land, one-half acre is in orchard, one-half acre in garden, and BO acres arc farmed. Not enough fruil and vegetables are raised t<> supply the inmates. Sangamon County — The auxiliary board from ihis county reports, "Your committee visited the almshouse in July, no notice had t >«•«• n n- ( -.- v.-.l of our intention to be there, and we found things in excellent condition, with one or two exceptions. The heating boiler is too near the floor a ho v.- and should be covered with asbestos, as the floor has twice been on fire. The new super- intendent has done considerable painting of pipes, etc., and is now arranging an operating room in which patients may be treated,thereby obviating the Deed of hospital treatment, your committee again suggests the grating of the windows and outside doors. To place the lighting apparatus outside the building would be a sate guard. Everything is neat. The dairy and meal house in good order." The visitors rceoiumend that thr< f the insane should lie sent to the asylum for the incurable insane at South Bartonville. Tin- insane have adequate provision, an- watched during the day by attend- ants and are locked in at night. There are three or four old soldiers in the almshouse, lint no reason is given why they are here. All of the insane. except one woman, have outdoor exercise. The general appearance of the insane differs hut little from the other inmates, as there are no very had eases. The male and female inmates are cared for in different ends of the building. The sanitary condition of the buildings is fairly good. The sys tern of ventilation is satisfactory and the plumbing is in good order. The water supply which is from a well is too near a vault. There is a good Sup ply of water tor tire protection. Wholesome anil suitable food is furnished. The clothing is sufficient and the beds are provided with abundant covering. The place is kept iri-i' from vermin, as much as possible. There are ade- quate facilities tor bathing and the inmates are required to bathe and change anderclothing weekly. Religious services are held at the almshouse twice a week. Employment is furnished. The county physician \isits the almshouse twice a week and when sent for. The farm is owned l>\- the eoiintv and is n.ar Buffalo, HI. Schuyler County The almshouse in this county is kept in as good condition as is possible under the circumstances, it being an old building with verj I • aee. lations. Everything was clean and the inmates well car.-.! by the present superintendent and his wife. One child, a boy fourteen years old Was found in the almshouse. The reason given w h\ he was there, is thai he had been placed OUt, bul had ran away and came hack ami that he was unwilling to leave the place. Be cannot talk plainly. Be docs not go to school because the other children laugh at Ids attempt to talk. One old soldier was present and he stays there from choice. Be supervises the other men and looks after the sleeping quarters. It is recommended that t»n in te women he sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Batonville. The provision for the insane is not considered adequate. The insane are only locked up at nights, and all have outdoor exercise. It is regretted by the Board of Charities that the management of this institution has found it 69 necessary to punish insane inmates. The general appearance of the insane is clean. The male and female inmates are kept in separate houses. All building's are in a sanitary condition and have good ventilation. The heating- is not sufficient or safe. There is no plumbing - . The water supply is good and abundant. There is absolutely no fire protection. The food furnished is wholesome and abundant. Sufficient clothing- is provided, and the beds have abundant covering. The place is not entirely free from vermin, but the management is making- every effort to exterminate them. Hath tubs are in use and there are adequate facilities for personal cleanliness. The inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing. The regulations governing the inmates are not unnecessarily severe. They are permitted to attend church, and are provided with employment. The county physician visits the institution whenever called. The farm, which consists of 310 acres of land. ten of which are in orchard, two and a half in garden, and the balance farmed. It is located one and a half miles west of Rushville. Scott County — The visitors in this county recommend that one woman and two men who are insane be sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Hartonville. There is inadequate provision for the insane. The male and female inmates are separated by different apartments. The buildings have bad drainage and a defective heating system and poor ventilation. The water supply is abundant and good. There is no fire protection. Good and abund- ant food, sufficient clothing, also covering for beds are furnished. The place is not entirely free from vermin. Hath tubs are provided, but the inmates are not required to bathe or change imderclothing. The rules for governing inmates are not severe. They are permitted to attend church, but religious services are not often held at the institution. Employment is provided. The county owns the farm which consists of 80 acres of land, one and one-half acres are in orchard, one-quarter of an acre in garden, and 20 are farmed. There are not enough fruits and vegetables raised to supply the inmates. Shelby County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Hoard of Chari- ties. Oct. 14. 1904.) The almshouse was found to be admirably kept both in- side and outside. There was every evidence of care and thrift. The institu- tion is one of the best of its kind in the State. The buildings are in a good sanitary condition and properly ventilated. There is an abundant supply of water from wells and cisterns, but there is no fire protection. The inmates are properly fed wholesome and suitable food. The clothing is sufficient and there is abundant covering for the beds in the cold season. The place is free from vermin. The bathing facilities are hardly adequate as only one bath tub is provided. Inmates are required to bathe weekly in summer and bi- weekly in winter. The regulations governing the inmates are not severe. Religious services are held in the institution occasionally. Employment is provided for those who desise to work. The county employs a physician and he visits the institution on call. The farm is owned by the county and is lo- cated five miles northwest of Shelby ville. It contains 240 acres, four of which are in orchard, two in garden, and the balance are farmed. There is a great abundance of canned and pickled fruits and vegetables. On the day of visit there were 33 inmates present. 13 of whom were males and 20 females. Of this number four were feeble-minded children under 16 years of age. Stark County — This farm contains 160 acres, and it is located three miles south of Toulon. The buildings are in a sanitarj^ condition. The heating system is sufficient and safe, and the ventilation is satisfactory. The plumb- ing is in a sanitary condition. It is comparatively new being put in the building last spring. The water supply is abundant and satisfactory. There is no fire protection. The inmates are properly fed and have sufficient cloth- ing, and are provided with enough covering for the beds for the cold season. The place is kept free from vermin. There are adequate facilities for person- al cleanliness, and inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing- regularly. The regulations are not severe. Inmates, who are able to attend church, are permitted to do so. but no religious services are held at the insti- tution. Employment is provided. The county employs a physician and he visits the almshouse when needed. On the date of visit there were eleven in- mates present, seven of whom were males, and four females. No children were present in the almshouse. St, iinii County. (Inspected by n representative of the State Board <>f Charities Sept. it. 1904.) This is one of the largest almshouses in ti <»n the date of visit there were 142 inmates present, 92 of whom were males, and 50 females. Imong 1 1 1 i — number there were six children tinder 16 years of age, four "f whom uciv in the pest house Buffering with ;i contagions dis- The < >1 lu-i- two are boys 6 and s years of age, who bad been placed out, )>ut recently returned. If these children are not placed out, arrangements will l»- made bo they can attend the distrid school three miles distant. There was one old soldier present, a patient who had been returned from the South- ern ll"s|iit;il for the [nsane at Anna. There is separate provision for the in sane, bul they do nol have day and night attendants. One was locked np. Their general appearance is fairly good. Male and female patients are s< rated in differenl wings and wards. The sanitary condition of the buildings is poor. The heating is sufficient and safe and proper care is taken to ventil- ate the building. The plumbing is in a sanitary condition. The water sup- ply, which is from a deep well, is abundant and unpolluted by sewage. The tire protection is fire plugs and hose and is considered adequate. Suitable and sufficient food is furnished, and apparently the inmates an- well clothed provided with enough bed clothing t'<>r winter. The place is kept reasonably tree from vermin. There are adequate facilities for personal cleanliness, and the inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing regularly. The rules governing the inmates are not considered severe. Religious services are held at the institution. Employment is provided. The county employs two physicians and they visit the almshouse daily or oftener. The farm is owned by the counts- and is located about one half mile from Belleville. It contains 10 acres, three of which art' in garden and I.", are fanned. The building is old and ueeds repairing. A trained nurse and more effort is needed in the hospital ward to keep it clean and attractive. Stephenson County. This almshouse, which is comparatively new. was com- pleted last year, and affords ample provision for the comfort of the average inmate, hut there is need of a separate hospital department, a- there i- now no adequate provision for infectious diseases, or for the proper care of violent or repulsive cases. The superintendent and Ins wife are admirably fitted for their positions and do much for the comfort of their charges. The Preeport Woman's Club sends Christmas gifts to every inmate. The buildings arc in a good sanitary condition, sufficiently heated, and have good ventilation. The plumbing is satisfactory and the water supply ahundant and good. There is adequate tire protection. Good food is furnished and the inmates are also supplied with sufficient clothing and have clean and abundanl covering for tin- cold season. The place is kept free from vermin. Bath tubs are provided and the bathing facilities are adequate. Inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing regularly. No unnecessasily seven' regulations govern ing inmates exist. Religious services are held at t he almshouse. Light and entertaining work is provided. The county employs a physician and he visits the alshouse not less than once a week- and whenever called. The farm, which is owned by the COUnty, is located two and a half miles south of I'reeport. It contains [68 acres of land. Enough fruits and vegetables are raised to sup- ply the inmates. On the date of visit there were CI inmates present, 12 of whom were males and 22 females. Among this number there was a boy 9 years old, who has only been in the almshouse a short time. Three old sol- diers were present and they desire to. slay there. Tazewell County. The inmates of this almshouse seem to be well satisfied with t heir- care and treatment, and have the appearance of being well fed and clothed. They are given plenty of opportunity to exercise, and when able they assist in doing Light work on the farm. There is separate and adequate provision tor the insane, and day and night at tenda nt s are employed. The auxiliary board recommends thai one insane man he sent to the Asylum for incurable insane at South Bartonville. This insane man is locked up and his appearance is fair. Male and female inmates are kept entirely separated. The buildings arc ill good Sanitary condition, arc sufficiently heated by steam 71 and are properly ventilated. The plumbing is in excellent condition and the fire protection is considered ample. The water supply is abundant and satis- factory. Proper food, sufficient clothing- and abundant bed covering arc fur- nished the inmates, and the place is kept free from vermin. The bathing facilities are adequate and the inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing- every Saturday. Religious services are held at the almshouse every two weeks, and those desiring attend. Employment is furnished for those who desire to work. The county employs a physician and he visits the county almshouse once a week and oftener if necessary. The farm is located eight miles east of Pekin and is owned by the county. It contains 224 acres, six of which are in orchard, four in garden and 200 are farmed. Enough fruit and vegetables are raised to supply the inmates. On the date of visit there were 67 inmates present. 33 of whom were males and 34 females. Among the inmates there is one old soldier who remains in the almshouse from choice. by permission of the board of supervisors. Union County — The Auxiliary Hoard in this county recommends that one in- sane man be sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Barton ville. There is no special provision for the insane. They are not locked up or in restraint and have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is neat. Male and female inmates are kept in separate buildings. The buildings are in a good sanitary condition, sufficiently heated and properly ventilated. No plumbing exists. The water supply is abundant and good. There is no fire protection whatever. Suitable food, sufficient clothing and clean and abund- ant covering for the cold season are provided. The place is free from vermin. Adequate facilities for personal cleanliness are provided and the inmates bathe and chang - e underclothing regularly. Inmates who desire are permitted to attend church, btit religious services are not held in the institution. Light work is provided for the inmates. The county employs a physician and he visits the almshouse when called. The farm, which consists of 80 acres of land, is located two miles east of Anna. Three acres are in orchard, one in garden and 75 are farmed. Enough fruits and vegetables are raised to supply the needs, but the superintendent desires more peach, apple, cherry, pear and plum trees. On the date of visit there were l."> inmates present, nine of whom were males and six females. Vermilion County — On the date of visit there were 87 inmates present in this almshouse. 63 of whom were males and 24 females. Among this number there were two children under 16 years of age, both of whom were boys, aged respectively 8 and 11 years. No reason is given why these children re- main in the almshouse, but the Auxiliary Board says that one will be adopted soon. It is recommended that two insane inmates be sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Bartonville. There is separate and adequate pro- vision for the insane and day and night attendants are employed. None of the insane are locked up or in restraint, and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is good. Male and female inmates are cared for in sepa- rate buildings. The buildings are in a good sanitary condition, are properly ventilated, but are not sufficiently heated. The water supply, which is from wells, is abundant and satisfactory. There is adequate fire protection. Suit- able food, abundant covering for the cold season and sufficient clothing are furnished. The place is free from vermin. Adequate facilities for personal cleanliness are provided and the inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing regularly. Religious services are held in the institution and the inmates are permitted to attend. Light employment is provided for those who desire to work. The county employs a physician and he visits the insti- tution once a week. The farm, which contains 159 acres, is owned by the county and is located two and one-half miles from Danville. Enough fruits and vegetables are raised to supply the inmates. The institution needs a matron, and a heating plant and additional plumbing should be provided. Wabash County — One building on this farm is old and dilapidated and can- not be kept in a perfectly sanitary condition. It is unattractive, gloomy and subject to vermin. It shcmld be torn down. The other house is better, but 7^ He. more than sufficienl to properly protect the Inmates from the wel and cold. » Mi the date <>f visit there were only two inmates present, one a man and one a w tan, i»"tli of whom were blind. There is not a proper separa- tion >>f the sexes. They have separate rooms but are allowed too much tr ee dom. The county employs a physician and be visits the almshouse when called. The farm is owned by the county and is Located two and a balfmiles from Mt. Carmel. The commissioners claim thai they are enable \<> make the Deeded improvements on account of lack of funds. The State Board of Charities hopes thai the condition of the finances of ihis county will a warranl the building of a new almshouse. Warren County In tin- report from this county we are surprised t<> note that there are eight children present under L6 years of age. Five <>f them arr boys, aged respectively 3 months, i year, 7 years, n and [2 years. I bree are girls, aged respectively 4, 12 and 16 years. The reason given why these children remain in the almshouse is that their mothers are in the institution and have oo way to provide for them. The children will be placed in homes when they can be secured. All of Bchoolage attend the district school. Dur- ing the past year three children have been born in the almshouse. It is recommended thai five insane patients be sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Bartonville. There is separate and adequate provision for the insane. !>nt day and night attendants are not provided. The insane are not locked up or in restraint and have outdoor exercise. There is nothing unusual in their general appearance. Male and female inmates arc kept en- tirely separate. This almshouse was built last year and is considered as near perfeel as can be made. It is in a good sanitary condition, sufficiently heated and properly ventilated. The plumbing is good and there is adequate fire protection. The water supply is abundant and unpolluted by sewage. The food furnished is wholesome, and the clothing sufficient and the bed covering ample. The place is kept free from vermin. Bath tubs arc provided and the inmates arc required to bathe and change underclothing once a week and of tener if necessary. There are no unnecessarily severe regulations for the government of the inmates. They are permitted to attend church, but no re- ligious services are held at the almshouse. Lighl work is provided for those who desire it. The county physician visits the almshouse when called. The farm is owned by the county and is located five miles south of Monmouth. it contains L 20 acres, two of which are orchard, two in garden and 116 are farmed. Enough vegetables are raised on the farm to supply the inmates. but not enough fruit. The superintendent and his wife are doing their work well and we often hear of their kindness to the inmates. The committee feels that Warren county poor are in no way neglected. WasliAngUm County The buildings of this almshouse are in a sanitary con- dition. The heating is sufficienl and safe bul the ventilation is nol the best. No plumbing exists. The water supply is good and abundant. There is no fire protection. Wholesome and Suitable food is furnished. The clothing is sutli- cienl and the bed covering ample for the cold weather. The place is kept free from vermin. There are adequate facilities for personal cleanliness, and the inmates arc required to bathe and chance underclothing. No religions services are held a1 the almshouse but those who desire arc permitted to at- tend church. Lighl employment is provided for the inmates. The county employs a physician who calls weekly. The farm is owned by the county and is Located four miles east of Nashville. It consists of 80 acres of land, four of which arc in orchard, one in garden, and r:. an- farmed. Enough small fruits and vegetables are raised to supply the inmates. There is no separate and adequate provision for the insane and day and nie/ht attendants are nol employed. The Local hoard recommends thai one insane woman be Bent to the Asylum for incurable insane a1 south Bartonville, and one male idiot to the Asylum for Feeble-minded Children at Lincoln. There were si a Insane present, none of whom were locked up or in restraint, and all have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is healthy. The provision for the sepa ration of the male ami female inmates is ample. 73 Wayne County — On the date of visit there were 14 inmates present in this almshouse, five of whom were males and nine females. Two of this number were girls aged respectively 13 and 5 years. No reason is given why they re- main in the almshouse, exeept that they cannot he placed out or adopted. During the past year one child was horn in the almshouse. In answer to the question, "Is there separate and adequate provision for the insane?" the aux- iliary hoard answers. "It will do in an emerg'ency." There is only one insane inmate present. It is only a reeent case and the management has not nad time to take steps to have him adjudged insane by the court. Male and female inmates are kept in separate buildings. The buildings are in a good sanitary condition, are properly heated, and well ventilated. The water supply is abundant and pure. There is no fire protection. The food is satisfactory, clothing- sufficient, and the hedding ample. The place is free from vermin. • Hath tuhs are provided, and the inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing. Religious services are held at the almshouse and all who de- sire are permitted to attend. Employment is provided for the inmates. The county physician calls at the almshouse once a week or oftener. The farm which is owned by the county is located northwest of Fairfield. It contains 280 acres of land, six of which are in garden and 35 are farmed. Enough fruits and vegetahles are raised to supply the inmates and the crops in gen- eral are thriving. The almshouse is looked after by a careful superintendent and the poor are kindly treated. The helpless ones say that the management is very kind to them. The Auxiliary Board feels confident that the visits they make through the year encourages the management, as they feel as if someone is interested in the institution. White County — (Inspected by a represeatative of the State Board of Charities. .Inly 3, 1904.) In this almshouse the inspector found 22 inmates present on the day of visit, six of whom were males and 16 females. Among this num- ber there were six children under 16 years of age. One was a boy 3 years old and the others girls aged respectively. 3 months, 4 years. 6 years. 8 years, and 10 years. The reason given why the children remain in the almshouse is that the mother is unwilling to have them taken away. None of the children attend the district school. One child was horn in the almshouse during the year and is still in the institution. The Board of Charities is of the opinion that some Home Finding Association might he able to place these children in homes. One of the inmates present is an old soldier and remains at the alms- house because he is a deserter. There is no adequate provision for the insane. The male and female inmates are kept on separate floors. The building is in a good sanitary condition, the heating sufficient and the ventilation which is by windows is satisfactory. No plumbing exists. The water supply is satis- factory. There is no fire protection. The food is suitable, the clothing is sufficient at present, and the bedding is ample. The place is kept free from vermin. No bath tubs are provided, but inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing each week. Religious services are held at the institu- tion and inmates are permitted to attend. Light work is provided for those who desire to work. The physician visits the almshouse on call. The inmates are whipped for disobedience and infraction of the rules, otherwise the ad- ministration seems excellent. The superintendent is required to clothe, care for. and feed the inmates on 15 cents a day. The inspector was surprised to find conditions so favorable under such circumstances. The farm contains 40 acres. Is located near Carmi and is owned by the county. Twenty acres are farmed. Enough vegetables are raised to supply the inmates, but orchard t pees should be planted and shade is badly needed. Whiteside County — This county farm contains 192 acres, one and one-half of which are in orchard, one in garden, and the balance are farmed. Enough small fruit and vegetahles are raised to supply the inmates. The almshouse contains 33 inmates, twenty-four of whom are males, and nine females. The buildings are in good sanitary condition, the heating is sufficient and there is proper ventilation. The sanitary conditions are satisfactory. The water supply is abundant but there is practically no fire protection. The inmates 71 are properly 1V« " I as could be expected. There is a complete separation of the sexes. Light and entertaining work is provided f < • i- those who desire employment. The county employes a physician and be visits the alms house whenever required. Will County This is one of the largest almshouses in the state. < »n the date of visil there were L01 inmates present, sixty-two <>f whom were males, and thirty-nine females. The buildings are in good sanitary condition, the heating sufficient and safe, and the ventilation satisfactory. The plumbing is in good condition, and the water supply abundanl and unpolluted by sewage. There is adequate Ere protection. Suitable f L, sufficient clothing, and clean beds with abundant covering are provided. The place is free from vermin. There are adequate bathing facilities and the inmates are required tn bathe and change underclothing. Religious services arc held al the poor house, and all arc permitted to attend church. Light and entertaining work is provided for those who desire employment. The Auxiliary Board recom- mends that one female insane inmate be sent tn the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Bartonville. There is separate and adequate provision the insane and day and night attendants are employed. All have outdoor exercise and there general appearance is good. Male and female inmates are cared for in separate apartments. The county physician calls at the institu- tion twice a wecl< or oftener if necessary. The farm is owned by the county and is located in Troy township. It consists of 162 j acres of land. Three and a half of which are in orchard, twelve in garden, and one hundred and forty-seven are farmed. Enough small fruits and vegetables are raised to supply the inmates. The Auxiliary Board has inspected all the buildings of the almshouse. and ti nds everything in good condition, in fact it considers the institution a model of its kind. Williamson County— (Inspected by a representative of the state Board of Charities, October 1st. 1904.) The inspector reports that the same had con- ditions exist at this county farm. The Board of Charities urges that the authorities in Williamson' County take immediate steps to erect a new alms- house where the poor can lie cared for in a decent manner. The sanitary condition of the building is very had. The heating is by grates and there i- no sy^tr f ventilation. There is no plumbing, or adequate tire protection. The water supply is from two g 1 wells. The food furnished i- fair, hut the clothing is not sufficient, and the beds are very dirty, being alive with vermin. There are no hath tubs nor facilities fur personal cleanliness, and the inmates are only required to bathe and change underclothing occasion- ally. Religious services are not held at the institution, and there is no church near enough for the inmates to attend. The only work provided for inmates i> upon the farm. The county physicia n visits the almshouse OH call. The farm is owned by the COUnty and is located two miles north of Marion. It contains eighty acres of land, two and a half acres of which are in garden, and seventy-sis an- farmed. Not enough fruits or vegetables arc raised to supply the inmates. The superintendent pays S125 a year as rent for the farm, ami receives $1. 75 a week for caring for each inmate. The inspector reports there is line frame building of two rooms and that in this are herded 1 he eighl inmates. Winnebago County The buildings of this almshouse are in a good sanitary condition. The heating is sufficient and safe, and the rooms arc properly ventilated. The plumbing is in good condition, ami the water supply abun- dant and unpolluted by sewage. There is adequate lire protection. The superintendent reported that the inmates were furnished three meals daily of wholesome and suitable food. The clothing furnished the women looks bet- 75 ter than that worn by the males. There is abundant covering for the beds and the place is kept free from vermin. Bath tubs are provided and inmates are required to bathe and change underclothing - . Religious services are held at the almshouse every Sunday, and all who desire are permitted to attend Employment is provided for the inmates. On the date of visit there were ninety-four inmates present, forty-eight of whom were males, and thirteen females. Two of this number were children, one a boy two weeks old and the other a girl eleven years. The boy will be adopted, and the girl who is a cripple is only here temporarily. Three children were born in the alms- house during the year, two white and one colored. One old soldier is present in the almshouse. He has no discharge papers and says that he lost them. There is separarate and adequate provision for the insane, day and night at- tendants are employed in winter, but only partly in summer. None of the insane were locked up or in restraint. Some of the insane never have out- door exercise. They have only a small wired porch, in the baking- sun in summer, and cold in winter. There should be a larger grated iron porch with at least a sun shade. The general appearance of the insane is clean, but pale and sickly. The sexes are separated in different wards. The farm is owned by the county, and is located near Rockford. It contains 160 acres of land, six of which are in garden, and 100 are farmed. Not enough fruits and vegetables are raised to supply the inmates. The Auxiliary Board rec- ommends that instead of the wooden doors with small slits in the insane de- partment, there sgould be iron grated doors for better ventilation, and that the corridor should be widened. Woodford County. — The auxiliary board in this county reports that "Since our last report additions and improvements have been made which makes our almshouse pleasant and safe, giving plenty of room, and all parts of the house are heated by hot water, giving plenty of heat and lessening dang'er from fire: also a water system which affords splendid protection against fire. In- deed, we find everything in splendid condition." On the date of visit there were 33 inmates present, 24 of whom were males and nine females. It is re- commended that two insane women be sent to the Asylum for Incurable Insane at South Bartonville. There is not adequate provision for the insane and the inmates should be removed to a State institution; they are not locked up or in restraint and have outdoor exercise. Their general appearance is reasonably healthy and clean. The males and females are kept separate. The buildings are in a sanitary condition and are ventilated by windows and doors. The plumbing is in good condition and the water supply good. Good food is furnished and the clothing is sufficient and the bed covering - ample. There is no vermin. Bath tubs are provided and the inmates are required to bathe. There are no inhuman regulations for the government of the inmates. Religious services are not held at the poor farm but inmates are permitted to attend church. Employment is provided. The county physician visits the almshouse once a week and oftener if required. The county owns the farm which consists of 240 acres. It is located in Metamora township. Three acres of land are in orchard, five in garden and 232 are farmed. JAILS. Adams County. — The auxiliary board from this county reports that the jail was built in 1876. It is ventilated by windows and air shaft, and is con- sidered clean and sanitary. The only part of the jail that has sufficient day- light is the outside corridors. There is separate provision for women, but no separate apartment for children or insane. The prisoners are not employed but are furnished \v r ith g-ood reading matter. The prisoners are fed by the sheriff under a contract. Good drinking water is supplied and the bedding is clean. The bathing facilities are adequate. The improvements recom- mended are better light and ventilation. Under the head of general remarks the board of vititors report: "The county jail is in the basement of the county court house. Its floor being eight or ten feet below the surface of the ground and cemented. It is steam heated with cells so located that none are against the outside walls. The two corridors next to the outside walls are 76 fairly well Lighted and vent dated bul the two inside corridors ami cells are very dark and poorly ventilated. These inside corridors are seldom used. The bedding 1 is clean, 1 1 1 * - food good and tin- prisoners are contented and cleanly." <>n June 30, L904, there were six male prisoners, five oi whom wen- awaiting trial and one serving sentence. Alexander Covm&y In this jail there were 13 male prisoners present, L2 of whom were awaiting trial and one serving sentence. The jail was built ahoul I860. It i- poorly ventilated and is not clean nor sanitary. The inte- rior of the jail was whitewashed in the spring. There is separate provision For women, bul no1 separate apartments for children or insane. No reading matter is supplied the prisoners aor are they afforded any amusement or ex- ercise. They are supplied regular rations and good drinking water. The bedding is (dean. There are no Facilities for bathing. The whole jail should he renovated or a new one constructed. Bond County Five male prisoners were present in this jail, two of whom were serving sentence and three awaiting removal to the penitentiary. The jail building was constructed in l^'.iT. It is ventilated by air shafts and win- dows. There is sufficient daylight and it is clean and sanitary. Its interior was painted <>v whitewashed one year aco. There is adequate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed nor are they afforded any amusement or exercise, hut are supplied with good reading mat- ter. The food furnished is good ami sufficient and the water supply satis- factory. All the bedding seemed to he clean. There are no hath tubs, ami the committee recommends that a hath room he added so that the prisoners can bathe. It also recommends that this matter lie brought to the attention of the hoard of supervisor- of Bond county. Boone County (Inspected by a representative of the state Board of Chari- ties, Nov. 17. 1904.) On the 30th day of June. L904, there were six prist m.r- present in this jail, four of whom were male- and two females, of this num- ber two were waiting trial, three were insane awaiting admission to State hospitals and one feeble-minded awaiting admission to the Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children at Lincoln. The jail was built in 1 S '.'T and is considered modern and up to date. It is well ventilated, bas sufficient daylighl and is clean and sanitary. The interior was painted about a year ago. There are separate a ] >a rt men 1 s for women and insane. The prisoners are not employed, hut are exercised in the corridor. The city library furnishes the reading matter. Excellent food is furnished. The drinking water is from an arte- sian well. The beds were (dean and in good condition. The institution is supplied with hath tubs with hot and cold water. No improvements are needed in the building, equipment or adiiiinist ra t ion. A hoy. it years oi age, charged with forging notes, is confined in the jail. He is awaiting trial and cannot secure the neees-ary $200.00 hond to he released. IK' has now been in the jail for live weeks, and your inspector is informed that his trial will probably not he held before the firsl week in Fehruary. It is an on: rage to keep this hoy in jail so long awaiting trial, and this matter was broughl to the attention of a newspaper in Belvidere in the hopes that pub- licity would he the means of divine.- |,j m ;l speedy trial. Brown County In our last biennial report this jail was descriced a- "A veritable death trap, being damp, dark and poorly ventilated and insecure." and it was recommended that it he replaced by a modern building. The \u\ilir\ Board reports that the jail has been condemned by the Judge of the Circuit Courl and abandoned, the prisoners being cared for in the \d.ims County jail at Quincy. It also reports that a movement is being in- augurated for the erection of a new jail. Bureau County (Inspected by a representative of the Mate Hoard of i harities, Nov. I s . 1904.) This jail was built aboul thirty years ago. It is w.dl lighted and ventilated, and it is fairly (dean and sanitary. The interior need- painting. There is separate provision for women and children, hut none for insane, they being eared for in the woman's department. The prisoners arc not employed, hut are allowed to exercise in the corridor-. Reading matter, which is donated, is furnished the prisoners. The meals furnished seem to be ample, and the drinking water good. All of the lied- 77 seem to be clean. Bath tubs with warm water are in use. The plumbing- is n bad repair and needs o\erhauling. The attention of the supervisors should be called to these needed improvements. Calhown County — There arc no prisoners present in this jail. The building- was censtructed in 1847 and remodeled in 1896. It is well ventilated, light and in fair sanitary condition. There is no separate provision for women or children but there is a separate apartment for the insane. The prisoners are not employed but they are allowed to exeercise. Reading matter is furnished. The prisoners are well fed and supplied with good drinking- water. The bedding is clean. There are adequate facilities for bathing. The jail is in good shape. Carroll County — On June 30, 1904, there were three male prisoners present in this jail, all of whom were serving- sentences. The jail was built in L858, but has lately been remodeled and is now in first-class condition. It is well lig-hted and ventilated, and the sanitary condition is good. It is whitewashed every six months. There is separate provision for women, children and in- sane. Prisoners are well fed three times a day. and are supplied with good drinking- water. There is no employment for prisoners, but they are allowed exercise. Reading matter is furnished. The institution is supplied with bath tubs and adequate bathing facilities. Cass County — The committee from this county reports that the jail is sufficiently lighted, but poorly ventilated and that it is not clean nor in a good sanitary condition. The interior was whitewashed in April. 1904. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. Light work is furnished the prisoners and they are supplied with good reading matter. They are fed good wholesome food, and the drinking water is excellent. The bedding is clean. Better fire protection is needed, and the jail should be modern with water-closets, bath, etc. Champaign County — In this country a new modern jail is in couse of con- struction at a cost of $42,000. The present jail was remodeled in 1882. It is well ventilated, lig-hted and reasonably clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women and children, but no apartment for insane. The prisoners are not employed and have very little exercise. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding- is clean. The bathing- facilities are adequate. On June 30, 1904, there were seven male prisoners present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Christian County — This jail was built in 1870. It is ventilated by air shafts, and is considered clean and sanitary. The interior of the jail was whitewashed last January. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. No employment is provided for the prisoners, but they are supplied witli good l-eading- matter. No complaint was made by prisoneers relative, to the food furnished. They an- supplied with good drinking water. The bedding is clean. The institution is supplied with bath tubs with warm w T ater for bathing. No improvements are needed in the building, equipment or administration. On .June .'50. 1904. there were four male prisoners present, all of whom were aw T aiting- trial. Clark County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities, Oct. 13, 1904.) On the 30th day of .June, 1904. four prisoners were present in this jail, all of whom were awaiting trial. The jail was erected in 1882. It is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight, and is clean an sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, are not afforded any amusement or exercise, but are furnished newspapers. They are fed by the sheriff, under contract. Good drinking water is furnished. The bedding is clean. There are no bathing facilities, and the supervisors should see that bath tubs are provided. Clay County — This jail, which was erected in 1893. is a substantial brick structure w-ith cell room for 16 male prisoners and eig-ht females. The sheriff occupies the front part of the jail as his reidence. The sanitary condition of the jail is good. It is ventilated by windows, and has sufficient daylight. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, but have exercise and are furnished good reading matter. 7- They are fed good, wholesome food, and are furnished with excellent drink- ing water. The bedding is clean. There are no facilities for bathing, improvements are Deeded in the administration. i-t. 11. 1904) This jail is modern and well equipped. It was erected L2 years ago. It bas artificial ventilation, sufficienl daylight, and is fairly clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, and children, bul the in- sane are cared for in the same apartment. Employment is not furnished prisoners, aor do they exercise, l>ut good reading matter is furnished. The prisoners are fed by the sheriff. The drinking water is from the city hydranl and is good. The bedding is washed every two or three months and is doI clean. It should be Laundried a1 Leasl once a week. <»n June 30, 1904, there were Ave prisoners present, four of whom were awaiting trial, and one serv- ing sentence. Clinton County The Auxiliary board of this county reports that the jail is too small for the Deeds of the county, being crowded at times, and thai the equipment is do1 sufficient, but thai the administration is good. The jail was buill in 1892, bas ordinary ventilation, sufficienl daylight, and is (dean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, and children, bul do special provision for tin- insane. Prisoners are allowed to exercise, bul are n«>t em ployed. They are furnished good reading matter. The drinking water is >d and tin' prisoners are well fed. Clean bedding is furnished. There are hath tubs and warm water for bathing. <>n June 30, L904, tour prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Cook County (Inspected by a representative of the state Board of Charities, June, 1904)— This jail, which is the largest one in the state, was erected in 1897. The ventilation, which is by artificial means, is considered good. Con- ditions as to cleanliness and sanitation are fair. The floors were not properly scrubbed and cleaned. There is sufficienl daylight. The interior of the jail has been recently painted. The prisoners are not provided with employment, luit have sufficienl exercise. They are supplied with good reading matter. There is separate provision for women, children, and insane. The Dumber of prisoners in the jail June 30, L904, was 509, 180 of whom were men. and 29 were wom. 'ii. < if this Dumber 381 were awaiting trial, 64 serving sentenci awaiting removal to the penitentiary, nine awaiting removal to the State Reformitory, two sentenced to execution, two witnesses, one debtor and 27 city prisoners. Crawford County— The Hoard of Auxiliary visitors in this countj report that there is "plenty of room for Deeded improvements." This jail was buill in ists, it js ventilated by eight windows and has sufficient daylight. It is dean and sanitary. It was whitewashed about tic- flrst of April. There is do separate provision lor women, children or insane. The prisoners are not employed, nor do they have exercise. Sometimes they are provided with reading matter. Thej are well fed and supplied with good drinking water. The condition of the bedding as to cleanliness is only ordinary. There are no hath tubs. < III June 30, 1904, then- were no prisoners present in this jail. Cumberland County. This jail was built in 1900. Ii was ventilated by win- dows and doors and bas sufficienl daylight. It is considered clean and sin itary, bul has not been whitewashed or painted since it was built. The committee recommends that water should be placed in the jail for hath tubs and sewerage purposes. In a previous report from this committee, it was recoil i mended that Borne improvements should he made in t he w a\ of sewerage, hut the last reports states that it would he ra t her a di Micult matter to un dertake, as the town has no sew .race system, depending a Itogel ber on surface drainage. I' is also i,i the opinion that whitewash or paint would 'add 'l\ to the appearance of the walls. There is separate provision for women, bul do separate department for children, or insane. The prisoners ■ *r<- not employed ami bave not much exercise. The\ are supplied with g reading matter. The food is sufficient ami the drinking water is good. The 79 bedding is clean. There are no hath tubs. On June 30, 1904. there were four persons present, three of whom were awating trial, and one awaiting removal to the penitentiary. DeKald County. — This jail was built 35 or 37 years ago. It is ventilated by three ventilating pipes from the cells to the roof. The new part of the jail is clean and sanitary and has sufficient daylight. The interior of the building- was whitewashed and painted four years ago. There is no separate provision for women, children, or insane. The prisoners are not employed, nor do they have exercise. They are supplied with good reading matter. The prisioners a re fed three times a day in their cells. They have good drinking water. The bedding- is clean. There are adequate facilities for bathing. The committee recommends that a new cage be provided to take the place of the five old cells built 30 years ago. Separate apartments for women and insane should be provided. On the 30th of June. 1904. there were no prisioners present. During- the year 24 were admitted. One of the 24 escaped and has not been recaptured. Four years ago. a cage system of four cells and toilet room and bath in connection was installed. This is properly ventilated and makes a good prison. The old east wing of the jail contains a row of five old cells with double births. It is imperfectly lighted and ventilated and has not been used for prisioners for three years. This part might be re-modeled with a cage system and large windows, and in so doing the jail would be serviceable for several years. DeWitt County. — We are pleased to report this county has just completed a new jail, which is modern in all its parts, and that the miserable old building which has been used as a jail for years has been abandoned. The new jail was built in 1903. It has modern ventilation, sufficient daylight and is clean and sanitary. The interior of the jail is in good condition and does not need whitewash or paint. There is separate provision for women and children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, nor do they afford any amusement. They are supplied with good reading matter. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding is new. Adequate bathing facilities an- provided. No improvements are needed in the building-, equipment, or ad- ministration. Douglas County. — This jail which was built in 1893, is ventilated by win- dows, has sufficient daylight, is clean, and sanitary. The interior of the jail was whitewashed Aug-. 10. 1904. Separate provision for women, children, and insane is provided. The prisioners are not employed, but have exercise. Reading matter is furnished. Good clean and wholesome food and pure drinking water is furnished. The bedding is clean. The bathing- facilities are adequate. No improvements in the buildings, equipment or administra- tion are recommended. DuPnijc County. — (Inspected by a representative of the State Hoard of Charities. Sept. 23. 1904.) This jail was erected in 1890. Windows and air shafts are the means of ventilation. The building has sufficient daylight. It is clean and sanitary. All women, children, and insane have separate apartments. The prisoners are not employed nor do they have exercise. Reading - matter is furnished. The prisoners are fed three meals a day. with meat twice a day. The drinking water is good. The bedding is clean. There are adequate facilities for bathing. The inspector reports that the jail is in the very best of condition and that he has no recommendation to make in regard to improvements of the building, equipment or administration. On June 30. 1904. there were four male prisoners present, two of whom were a- waiting trial, and two serving sentence. Edgar County. — This jail was built in 1889. It is ventilated by four windows on the north, four on the south and two on the east. There is sufficient daylight and the jail is clean. There is separate provision for women, children, and insane. The prisoners are not employed nor are they afforded any amusement or exercise. They are supplied with reading matter. Good food is furnished and the drinking water is satisfactory. The bedding- is clean. There are adequate facilities for bathing purposes. The board of auxiliary visitors report that the sewerage connection which has not yet been made is absolutely essential, that the matter has been reported a number of BO times to the county board but nothing has been n<\ We urge thai the supervisors have t i » i •— improvement made. On June ;". 1904, there wen male prisoners in t he jail. Edwards County This building was constructed in 1882. The interior of the jail is in good condition, except that the floors need a g 1 scrubbing. The building has ordinary ventilation There is separate provision for the insane. No reading matter is furnished prisoners. The jail was whitewashed aboul two years ago. The prisoners are not afforded any amusement exercise. Water has been put in the jaU ami is considered a greal imp: ment When prisoners are presenl they are fed in cells. They have cistern water to drink ami are furnished new bedding. There are no bath tubs. There is plenty of daylight. Tin- committee adds a mitt- t<> the report a- fol- lows: "Temperance town; no jail f >i i-< Is ai present." Effingham County This jail, which was built in 1867, is ventilated by win- dows ami has sufficient daylight. It is as clean ami sanitary as can he made. There is no separate provision for women, or children, or insane. The pris- oners are no1 employed, ami have no exercise, hut are furnished daily papers. The food is handed into the cells ami they are supplied with good drinking water. Their are no hath tubs. The < miittee recommends that there should lie a new jail ami equipment throughout. < m June 30, 1904. n<> pris- oners w ere present. FayetU County — The jail building in this county is fairly well ventilated by windows, and there is sufficient daylight. Its condition as to cleanliness ami sanitation is fair. The provision for women, children and insane is in- adequate. The prisoners are not employed and have very little exercise. They are supplied with g I reading matter. Good hydrant water i- fur- nished for drinking purposes and they are ted very well. The bedding is dean. Bath tubs with warm water are provided. On June 30, 1904, two male prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Ford County No improvements in the jail are recommended by the board from this county. The jail was relmilt in 1897. It is ventilated by ventila- tors, has sufficient daylight, is clean and sanitary. It was painted one year ago. There i- separate provision for women, children and insane. Prisoners are not employed ami have n<> exercise. Reading matter is furnished. The food is good ami the drinking water satisfactory, clean bedding is provided and hath tubs ami warm water for bathing. On June 30, 1904. live male prisoners were present, four of whom were waiting trial and one serving sentence. Franklin County (Inspected by representative of the State Board of Chari- ties, < »ct. :;. L904.) This old jail which was buill in 1869 is still used to torture human beings. It is damp, dirty and poorlj Lighted, The only ventilation is a hole in the roof a hove the cage. It was whitewashed year- ago. There is no separate provision for insane, women >>r children. The bedding is filthy. There arc no hath tuhs or modern conveniences whatever. The county has been at an expense of 8110.00 for the last year to other coin for keeping its prisoners. For the sake of humanity, we hope the Board ot Supervisors of this county will abandon this jail and erect a suitable <>ii June 30, 1904, one male prisoner was present awaiting trial. Pulton County This jail was rebuilt in 1897. h is ventilated !>y windows, has sufficient daylight and is clean and sanitary. The interior of the jail was whitewashed June 1, L904. There is separate provision for women ami children, hut no separate provision for insane. The committee recommends that a room lie provided ami furnished for the detention of insane patients awaiting admission to the State hospital-. No employment is provided for the prisoners, and thej are not afforded anj exercise, but are supplied with d reading matter. The f I furnished is good and the water satisfactory. • 'lean bedding is provided. Thej have hath tuhs with warm water for bath ing. On .lun.- 30, 1904, three male prisoners were present, all of whom were wait ing t rial. OallaUn County (Inspected by a representative of the Male Board ot i haritiea, Oct. ;. 1904.) The same conditions exist in the jail of this county as were reported two years ago. The building was erected about sixty years 81 ago. is ventilated by windows, lias sufficienl daylight, but it is not clean in- sanitary. There is do separate provision for women, children or insane. Employment or exercise is not afforded the prisoners. They have good read- ing matter, are fairly well fed and are furnished good drinking- water. The bedding is dirty. There are no bath tubs or any modern improvements whatever. Society demands that a more suitable place should be provided to care for criminals and unfortunates, and we urge upon the board of super- visors the necessity of a new modern jail. On June 30, L904, three ma It- prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Qreene County — This jail was erected in 1859 and remodeled during the past few years, is ventilated by windows and has sufficient daylight. It is thoroughly elean and is considered sanitary. The interior is well painted in white enamel paint. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, are not afforded any amusement or exercise and are not supplied with reading matter. An abundance of good food is furnished. The drinking- water is satisfactory. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs are provided. The jail has been recently repaired and is now in first-class condition. On the 30th day of June. 1904. 13 male prisoners were present, all of whom were waiting trial. Qrundy County — This jail is sufficiently lighted, is ventilated by windows and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, but no separate apartment for children or insane. Prisoners are not employed and their exercise is limited, but they are furnished with good reading matter. The drinking water is good. The bedding is clean. It is recommended that bath tubs be provided. Hamilton County — This jail was built in I860. It is ventilated by windows and gratings, is sufficiently lighted and reasonably clean and sanitary. The jail was painted at the beginning of the year. There is separate provision for women, but none for children or insane. There is no employment for prisoners and the only exercise they have is caring for the jail. They are supplied reading matter irregularly. A good supply of food is furnished and they have good drinking water. There are no bath tubs. The jail is not considered safe for the confinement of bad criminals. The walls are crumbling and the iron work is rusting. The supervisors of this county should see that this jail is abandoned and that an entire new building is erected with mod- ern equipments. On June 30. 1904. no prisoners were present. Hancock County — The general aspect of this jail is not wholesome and neat. It was built in the 60"s. It is well ventilated by windows and tubes and through the ceiling. There is sufficient daylight, but it is not clean or sani- tary. There is separate provision for women, but none for insane or chil- dren. No employment is provided and the prisoners do not have exercise. Good reading matter is furnished. The prisoners are fed the same fare as the sheriff has at his table. Good drinking water is provided. The bedding is clean. There are bath tubs and warm water for bathing. The conditions de- scribed by the board of auxiliary visitors lead us to believe that a new jail is needed in this county, and it is hoped that the board of supervisors will take some action on this question. On June 3<>. L904, four prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Hardin <'<>inittj — The conditions existing at this jail are not inviting. It was built in L891, is ventilated by windows and is not clean or sanitary. It has not been painted or whitewashed for five or six years. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed and are not afforded any amusement. They are furnished good reading mat- ter, are fairly well fed and are supplied with good drinking water. The bedding is not clean and there is vermin in great abundance. An outhouse near the jail is unbearable in hot weather and a detriment to the inmates, who have to breathe the foul air. It should be moved immediately. The board recommends that the jail be repaired and that water he supplied for -BBC B2 sewerage purposes. We urge thai the board of supervisors of this county take immediate action. On June 30, 1904, one prisoner was present awaiting trial. Henderson Cou/nty This jail was erected :it><>ut L858. It is well ventilated by windows on three Bides, has Bufficienl daylight and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision f<»r women and children, l>ut none for insane. There is no employ nl for prisoners and they do aot have exercise. The drinking water is good. The bedding is clean. No bath tubs are provided, Th< mmittee re amends that bath tubs ;in i 1 1 • t room in the jail be pro- Tided. The walls of 1 1 1 » - jail have been whitewashed and are clean and sani- tary. During the year there has not been a prisoner in this jail. Evidently tin- county has very little use for one. Hervry County The board in this county lias ■ecommendation to make in regard t<> the improvement of the building, equiqmenl or administration of th.' county jail. It was built about 25 years ago, has good ventilation, surti- cient daylight and is .-lean ami sanitary. The interior of the jail was white- washed <>r painted June i. L904. There is separate provision tor women. children ami insane. No employment is furnished prisoners and they are not afforded any amusemenl or exercise. Bowever, good reading matter is sup- plied. They are furnished good food and drinking water. The bedding is clean. The bathing facilities are adequate. There were seven male prison- ers present June 30, 1904, all of whom were serving sentence. TTOQUOiS County. In the report of the hoard from this county no improve- ments are recommended in the building, equipment or administration of the county jail. It was built in 1893, is ventilated by windows and ventilators, has sufficient daylight and is considered clean ami sanitary. There is separate and adequate provision for women, children, and insane. The prisoners are not employed ami are not afforded any exercise. The food furnished is good an,! the drinking water satisfactory. The condition of the bedding as to cleanliness is good. Prisoners are not provided with hath tubs and warm water for bathing. On June 30, L904, two male prisoners were present serv- ing sentence. juris,, i, County, i Inspected by representative of the st at.' Hoard of charities. Oct. :.. L904.) The conditions existing at this jail are very good, except that there is insufficient daylight. It is ventilated by windows and is dean and sanitary. It was painted inside about a year ago. There is separate pro- vision for women, hut none for children or insane. The prisoners are not employed and th. not have exercise. They a re furnished daily papers. Good food is supplied an. I the drinking water is satisfactory. The bedding is only fairly clean. There is one bath tub for the use of prisoners. On June 30, 1904, IT male prisoners were present. L6 of of whom were awaiting trial, and one debtor. Jasper County. (Inspected by representative of the Mat.' Board of Charities, (),t. 12, 1904.) This jail was built ahout thirty years ago, was removed to its present Location in 1893. It is sufficiently lighted and is ventilated by windows, but is not clean or sanitary. There is separate provision for women and children, hut none for insane. The prisoners are not employed and have qo opportunity for exercise. There are only two cells. Prisoners are locked in the small cell hall in which the cells open. At a small expense the jail could he mad.- s, -cure and so that the prisoners might have greater freedom during the day. The prisoners are fed by contract. Good well water for drinking purposes is provided. The bedding is clean. On June 30, 1904, three prisoners were present awaiting trial. Jefferson County- This prison w as buill in the seventies. It is ventilated by windows near the ceiling. It is not sufficiently lighted, but is clean and in a Ban itary condition. There is separate provision for Women, children and insane. Nd employment is provided for th.- prisoners, hut they are allowed to exercise and are supplied with good reading matter. The prisoners are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. The committee recom- mends thai the jail he provided with a hath tuh and equipped with a hot water system of heating. The building should he better ventilated, and ar- ranged so that there will be sufficient daylight. A.1 present it is dark and the 83 air is foul. We urge that the board of supervisors take immediate steps to remedy this matter. On June 30, L904, five male prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Jersey County — The board in this county reports that the jail was built in 1SS4 and has pipe ventilation, sufficient daylight, and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children, and insane. Reading matter is supplied. The prisoners are allowed to exercise but are not provided with employment. They are fairly well fed and are supplied with good drinking water. The meals consist of bread, butter, coffee, meat, vegetables, and dessert of some kind. The bedding was clean. Hath tubs with warm water for bathing are provided. No improvements are recommended. On June :'><•. 1904. there were no prisoners present. JoDaviess County— The usual conditions exist at this jail. The appearance of the building and prisoners is good, and the committee has no suggestions to make with reference to improvements in the building, equipment, or ad- ministration. On June 30, 1904, there were no prisoners present. Johnson County — We regret to report that this miserable old jail is still in existence. It is not fit for human beings to stay in. and the board is sur- prised that they live while they are confined there. The jail was erecte 1 in 1884, is badly lighted and ventilated, and is not clean or sanitary. There is separate provision for women, and insane, but none for children. Prisoners are not employed and have no exercise, but are furnished good reading matter. They are fed ordinary food in their cells and are supplied with good drinking- water. The bedding is not clean. There are no facilities for bathing. Under the head of improvements which should be made in the building, equipment or administration, the board reports that they are too numerous too mention. We hope that the county board will provide for the erection of a new. modern jail, and this old prison be abandoned. On June 30, 1904, six male prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Kiinc ('minti/ — This building was erected thirteen years ago, and is in first- class condition. It is well ventilated, has sufficient lig'ht. and is clean and sanitary. It is whitewashed every spring. There is adequate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed and only exercise in the corridors. Reading matter is furnished. The bedding is clean. The prisoners are fed with good food and ha\e constant running water in the cages for drinking purposes. Rath tubs with warm water are in use for the prisoners. The committee has no complaint to make in regard to the buildings, equipment or administration. It is of the opinion, however, that work should be provided for the prisoners as they have nothing to occupy their time and are continually planning mischief. On June 30. 1904. twenty male prisoners were present. Kankakee County — The report on the jail of this county is meagre. The Auxiliary Roard says: "Our jail is comparatively new and the prisoners are well provided for and comfortable." One June 30. 1904, there were seven prisoners in the jail, five of whom were males and two females. Kendall County — Everything about the jail is in first-class condition and the visitors cannot suggest any improvement. The jail was built in 1890. It is ventilated by an air shaft, has sufficient daylight, and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, but no separate apartment for children and insane, the children being cared for in the women's department. No employment is provided for the prisoners, but they are allowed exercise. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The beds are clean. Rath tubs with warm water are in use. There were no prisoners present on June 30, 1904. Knox County — This jail was erected in 1874. is poorly ventilated, has in- sufficient daylight, and its sanitary conditions could be improved. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. Prisoners are not em- ployed nor do they have exercise, but they are furnished with good reading matter. They are fed three meals a day — vegetables and meats. The drink- ing water furnished is good. The bedding is not very clean. One hath tub for males and one for females is provided. The visitors add to their report the following note: "The Auxiliary visitors believe the prisoners are treated kindly and are well fed, bn1 that the system i-. faulty. Prisoners <>1<1 in crime and young in crime should not be brough.1 together with nothing to do. Such a condition is a school for immorality ami greater crimes. The prisoners should be classified ami separated, so that the greatest moral in- fluence can be exercised upon them. Prisons ami jail- should be as much as possible reformatories. It should be said in justice to tin- attendants thai they il" the best possible under the circumstances, as the jail is of an anti- quated type, with poor Lighting ami ventilating facilities, It oughl to be thoroughly re-modeled to conform with modern demands and requirements, both sanitary and reformatory." One June ;<». L904, there wen- 21 prisoners present, L9 "t' whom were males, and two females, Two of this number were awaiting trial ami L9 Berving sentence. /..i/.. County [nspected by a representative of the State Board of Chari- ties, Sept. 32, 1904.) This institution was erected in L893. h is ventilated bv windows and air shafts, and there is sufficient daylight. Separate provision has been provided for women, children and insane. The prisoners an- not . ... i i i... .... ■ : i. ..i .i. :i .... i _. .:.. tni i. .. New hammocks are badly needed in some of the it male prisoners were present. l.iiSniii County The county jail is in good condition. The sanitary con- ditions are good, considering the fad thai the cells are so constructed thai they never gel any sunlight. The prisoners are compelled to bathe once a week. They oughl to in- made to work-. It is a school for idleness. < >n June 30, 1904, there were 13 malt- prisoners present, two of whom were awaiting trial, nine serving sentence, one awaiting removal to the penitentiary and one debtor. I.itirr, n'i County This building is a fire-proof structure, constructed of stone, brick and iron. It was buill in L897. It is ventilated by windows and has sufficient daylight. The sanitary condition is only fair. It has never been whitewashed or painted inside. There is separate provision for women. init none for children and insane. The prisoners are employed on the street. Reading matter is furnished. They are fed by the jailer at 50 cents per day ea.h. Good drinking water is furnished. The bedding is nol clean. Bath liihs ami warm water are provided. The sewerage system is very faulty, hut COUld lie made satisfactory with city water. The county board should take this matter under consideration ami make these necessary improvements with. .ut delay. <>n June 30, 1904, there were no prisoners present. lit County No suggestions are made with reference to improvements in the building, equipmenl or managemenl of this jail. It is in good condition. It was buill ahout 25 years ago, and has Keen rebuill with an addition since. It is ventilated l.y windows, has sutlicieiit daylighl and is clean ami sanitary. There is separate provision tor women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, bu1 are allowed exercise in the corridors. They are fur- nished reading matter, are well fed ami supplied with good drinking water. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs with warm water are supplied. On June 30, 1904, eighl male pris srs were present. l.iiimi*inu County No attention has been paid to the recommendation ol this Board Of Auxiliary Visitors made two years ago to the elVect that a new jail should In- huilt. This -hack number' 'is siill in existence. It was buill ii) 1866, is | rly ventilated, is not sufficiently Lighted, bu1 it is said that it is clean and sanitary. The prisoners are not employed ami tin- only exercise they gel is in tin- corridors. They are fed with substantial food and have id drinking water The bedding is clean. Bath tubs with warm water are provided. The Board of Auxiliary Visitors suggesl thai sanitary con- veniences be provided in the female department and in the juvenile depart ment, and that special cells he constructed tor insane. The conditions are l as could lie expected in an old jail. Prom the description given in 85 the above report, this board is of the opinion that a new jail should be erected, and it is hoped that the county board will take some action in this matter. On June .'iO. 1904. there were six male prisoners present. Logan County — In general, the condition of this jail is satisfactory, consid- ering the age of the building. The cells are considered proof against jail delivery, but in respect to ventilation, light, etc., a modern jail is superior. The building is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women and insane but none for children. The prisoners are not employed and have no exercise. They are supplied with reading- matter. The food furnished is ample, and good drinking- water is provided. The bedding- is only ••reasonably" clean. At the suggestion of the auxiliary hoard, the county supervisors put in a telephone, and good canvas blinks have been substituted for mattresses. The auxiliary board is of the opinion that the women's quarters should be painted, and that there should be a general renovation of the jail. On June 30, 1904, five male prisoners were present, three of whom were awaiting- trial, and two serving sentence. Macon County — The auxiliary board in this county reports: ■'Your commit- tee finds the jail in most excellent sanitary condition. The ventilation in every cell seems almost perfect, the bedding provided seems adequate, except in about a dozen of the cells the mattresses are spread upon the floors. The floors are concrete, and. as the prisoners are required to scrub these floors twice a week, they must necessarily be damp for quite a while after the scrubbing. If iron frames, such as are provided in other cells, could be placed in these few, it seems to us that there could be no criticism made." The building- was erected in 1867. It is ventilated by pipes. There is sufficient daylight and it is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are only employed in cleaning their cells and their only exercise is by walking in the corridor. Bath tubs with warm water are provided. On June 30. 1904, 26 prisoners were present. 24 of whom were males and two females. Macoupin County — This jail has been remodeled, the cost of the improve- ments being about .$8,000.00. It is now considered a model jail, is well lighted and ventilated, has bath tubs and water closets with sewerage con- nections. There is no special room for insane nor for children, but such can be cared for temporarily. The building- is clean and sanitary, has sufficient daylight and has been recently calcimined and painted. The prisoners are provided with fair reading matter, have no employment and are not allowed any exercise. They are furnished three meals a day and have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. On June 30. 1904. five male prisoners were present all awaiting- trial. Madison County — We are pleased to report that this county has at last decided to remodel the jail so that it will be modern in every respect. The board of auxiliary visitors reports that the county board has just closed a contract for building- a new addition and re-constructing the old building-, bringing the whole jail up to date with proper regard for light, ventilation, plumbing, etc. The new addition will provide separate apartments for juveniles, women, etc. which are very badly needed. If built according to plans, we will have a splendid up-to-date jail which will be a credit to our county. On June 30. 1904. 41 prisoners were present. 40 of whom were men and one a woman. Mmion County — (Inspected by representative of the State Board of Chari- ties. October 1. 1904.) This jail was built in 1884. Is ventilated by windows and air shafts, but has not sufficient daylight in the cells. It is not clean nor sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, and the only amusement afforded them is card playing. Good food is provided, and the drinking water is pure. Tin- bedding was dirty. There are no bath tubs or warm water for bathing-. The jail is very crowded and more room is badly needed. There an- six cells, each 7 x 10 feet, and four or five men are in each cell most of the time. Two of the prisoners present are boys who in the day time are in the corridors with the adult prisoners, but at night are locked up in small cells in the 86 female department. Your visitor is of the opinion thai boys should be kept Beparate from the adull prisoners. <»n June 30, 1904, 17 male prisoners were present, i i of whom were awaiting trial, and three serving sentence. Marshall County (Inspected by a representative of the State Board <>f t harities.) A new jail is in course of construction in tlii-* county which will cosl aboul 520,000. The building is of brick and stone and will have ten cells, all of the latesl pattern. In the main part of the building there will be four cells on each floor. Above the jailer's office there are two separate i-. .. ► 1 1 1 ~- . one for women and one for children. be ventilated by six windows :; \ ;. feet on each floor, ami air shafts t'r<>m each corridor. Tin- building will in- heated throughout by low pressure steam. The Pauly .fail Building company of St. Louis is building the jail, and it is said that all of the lat<-st improve- ments in the jail building line are to he used. Tin- old jail was built aboul :.n years ago. it is ventilated by very small windows, lias insufficient day- light, ami is not clean nor Banitary. The jail has been whitewashed, hut not recently. There is qo provision for women, children or insane. Tin- prisoners an- not employed, ami tin- only amusemenl afforded is card playing. News- papers an- furnished. Tin- drinking water is good. The bedding is very dirty. There an- no bath tubs or warm water. On June 30, 1904, no oris. mers were presenl . Mason County (Inspected by a representative of the state Board of Charities, November 22, 1904.) This is considered an up-to-date jail. It was built in 1897, is ventilated by air shafts, has sufficient daylight, is clean and sanitary, except that it needs painting. The interior of the jail has not been painted since the jail was erected. There is separate provision for Women and insane, bul none for children, the hoys being cared for with the adult-. No employment is furnished the prisoners and tin- only exercise they get is in the cage, books and magazines are donated for the use of the prisoners. The meals furnished are the same as the sheriff provides for his family, and your visitor believes that they are ample. A good supply of drinking water is furnished from the city hydrant. The beds are clean. A hath tub and warm water for bathing purposes is provided. Your visitor recommends that the jail he painted throughout and that some repairing be done on the iron steps leading to tin- second tier of cells. <>n June •'•<>. 1904, six male prisoners were present, all awaiting trial. Massac County Everything about this jail is in better condition than during the previous year. The prisoners have better and more intelligent care, but all classes of criminals, boys and men on one floor, girls and women on another floor, are huddled together without occupation, amusement or recreation. The jail was built in 1893, is ventilated by windows, ami is In- sufficiently lighted. It is mil clean nor sanitary, hut is in better condition than it was last year. There is Separate provision for women, hut none for children ami insane. No employment is provided, and they are not afforded any amusement or exercise. They arc oot supplied with reading matter. The prisoners an- supplied with good drinking water. Pood is carried to them in baskets. The bedding in use in this institution is filthy. There are no hath tubs or warm water for bathing. The auxiliary board recommends that more daylight he provided, and that the jail he equipped with hath rooms, and that the ununication among prisoners he restricted. It also re. mien. is that they he furnished reading matter, ami afforded some amusement and exercise, On June 30, L904, l'.' prisoners wen- present. \icDonough County The auxiliary hoard of this county has m> suggestion to make in regard to improvements of the jail building, equipment or management. The building is ventilated by windows, has sufficient day- light and is sanitary. There is separate provision tor women, children and insane. No employment is provided f..r the prisoners, but they arc allowed 87- to exorcise. Reading- matter is furnished. Good food is provided, and the drinking- water is satisfactory. The bedding is clean. On June 30, 1904, m> prisoners were present. McHenry County — This jail was built in 1888. is poorly ventilated, but has sufficient daylight. The interior of the jail has not been whitewashed or painted since 1892. There is separate provision for women, but none for children or insane. Prisoners. are not employed, but are furnished with good reading matter. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs with warm water are provided. The auxiliary board reports "'The jail in good condition, but there is urgent need of ven- tilating shafts in the cell rooms. A good coat of paint inside the building would improve the sanitary condition." On June 30. 1904, one male prisoner was present awaiting trial. McLean County — The board of visitors found everything at the county jail in first-class order. It was built in 1882. has a good system of ventilation. sufficient daylight, and is considered clean and sanitary. It has not been recently whitewashed or painted. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. Prisoners are not employed, but are allowed exercise. Reading matter is furnished. The drinking water furnished is good. The prisoners are fed in individual pans and cups. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs with warm water are provided. A new and more perfect system of plumbing- was put in last year. On June 30, 1904, 35 male prisoners were present. Menard County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities, November 21, 1904.) The only recommendation made by the inspector who visited this old jail, is that it should be abandoned and replaced by a modern up-to-date building - . This jail was built in 1870, is poorly ventilated by windows, and there is insufficient daylight. It is kept as clean as possible. It was whitewashed about a month ago. There is no separate provision for women, children or insane. Prisoners are not em- ployed and are not afforded any amusement or exercise, but are furnished with good reading matter. As the meals furnished the prisoners are the same as the sheriff's family has, it is safe to say that the food is good and sufficient. The drinking water is good. The bedding is clean. There are no bath tubs, but buckets are used for bathing purposes. On June 30. 1904, one male prisoner was present. We understand that the indebtedness on the county court house is about all paid, and we hope that the county board will take steps towards building a new jail. A visit to this old jail by the commissioners ought to convince them that it should be torn down. Mercer County — This jail was built in 1869. It is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, but none for children or insane. The prisoners are not employed, but are allowed to exercise. They have good reading matter. Food is passed to them on trays. They have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. There are no facilities for bathing. The auxiliary board suggests that bath tubs be provided, and that the ventilation system be improved. It also recommends that provision be made for children and insane. On June 30, 1904, one male prisoner was present awaiting trial. Monroe County — The auxiliary board reports that the jail was built in 1874, that it is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight, and is clean and sanitary. There is no separate provision for women, children or insane. No employment is provided for prisoners, and they are not afforded any amusement or exercise. The reading matter furnished is donated. The prisoners are well fed, and supplied with good drinking water. The bedding is clean. There are no bath tubs. It is recommended that the institution be equipped with bath tubs, closets, and that a sewer be provided. There are two corridors three feet wide extending along the outside of the cells. No provision has been made for seats for prisoners in the east corridor. The prisoner present asks for a chair or box to sit on and a tub (wash tub) for bathing. The number of prisoners in the jail June 30. 1904. was two, both of whom were males awaiting trial. B8 Montgomery Country The report from this county was meagre. The jail w.i- iniiit aboul t hii-t y the years ago, is ventilated by windows and ven- tilators, bas sufficient daylighl and is considered clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, i>ut none for children or insane. There is 1 1 < • employment for prisoners, but they bave all the exercise that can be allowed. Thej art od t I three times a day, and are furnished g I drinking water. The beds are clean. Hath tubs with warm water arc pro- vided. On June 30 there were four male prisoners, all awaiting trial w yan County This jail bas recently been remodeled, and ;t Dew .- 1 • i < 1 i t i < • i > constructed. It is ventilated by windows, bas sufficient daylight ;uin June 30, 1904, li prisoners were present, all males, eight of whom were awaiting trial, three Serving sentence, one sentenced to the penitentiary and one sentenced to the reformatory. Perry County The auxiliary board in this counts recommends that a modern beating system ami hath tubs be provided. The building is ventil- ated by window-, bas sufficient daylight and is clean and sanitary. It was whitewashed in April. 1904, hut owing t<> the dampness of tin' walls, the lime will not stay on and is falling off. There is separate provision for women, hut none for children or insane. No employment is provided for prisoners, nor exercise. They arc supplied with reading matter. Three meals a day are furnished and good drinking water provided. The bedding is clean. There are do bathing facilities. On June 30, 1904, five male prisoners were present . four of whom w ere awaiting t rial and one serving sentence. I'inii County The old jail has been burned down and a new building is in course of construction. Ml prisoners are taken to the Macon county jail. /'(/.. County The county jail was built in L864, is ventilated by window-, has insufficient daylight, and its condition as to cleanliness and sanitation i- only fair. There i- no separate provision for children and insane. No cm ployment for prisoners is provided, and the onlj exercise they get is in the hall-. They are ted the -aiue a- the jailor feeds his family, and an- supplied with good drinking water. The beading is clean. No hath tubs arc pro- vided. The female prisoners are separated from males, l.y Locking them in 89 ■one of the upper corridors. From the description given we arc of the •opinion that the authorities of Pike county should take some action towards the erection of a new and modern up-to-date jail. On June 30. 1904. three prisoners were present, two of whom were males, and one female. Pope County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. Oct. 2, L904.) The inspector who visited this jail reports the same bad conditions that have existed for several years, He says the place is not fit to keep a dog - in. and that the foul odor therefrom is sickening. The jail was built in 1868. is ventilated by two small windows: there is not sufficient daylight, and it is very dirty. It has not been whitewashed for some time. There is no provision for women, children or insane. Prisoners are not employed, and have no exercise. They have reading matter. They arc fed three meals a day. The bedding is very dirty. It consists of two mat- tresses and a blanket or two. The inspector describes the jail as a room about fifteen feet square, with one hole in the wall two feet long and six inches wide. Years ago there were two or more of these holes, but the prisoners have made attempts to cut their way through, and they were ■covered with sheets of iron with one-half inch holes bored in them. The furniture outside of the beds consists of slop buckets and an old wash pan. There is not a redeeming feature about this miserable old jail, and this board is of the opinion that the commissioners of this county should take immediate steps to provide a place where prisoners can be humanely cared for. If the county commissioners will take the trouble to inspect this jail they will be no doubt be convinced that a new building is badly needed. On June 30. 1904. one male prisoner was present awaiting trial. Puhixki County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. July 1. 1904.) This jail is very old and unsanitary, and should be torn down. It is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylig-ht. but is not clean or sanitary. There is a separate provision for women, but none for children or insane, the children being cared for in the women's department. Prisoners have no employment or exercise, but are supplied a limited amount of reading- matter. The jailor gets 50 cents per day for feeding each prisoner. Good drinking water is supplied. The bedding is not clean. Bath tubs are not provided. Twenty to twenty-five prisoners have been herded in ■a single room scarcely twenty feet square. The construction is such that a serious fire would make the rescue of prisoners almost impossible. The commissioners of this county should be prevailed upon to build a new jail. On June 30. 1904. four male prisoners were present, all of whom were awaiting trial. Putnam County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. Sept. 21. 1904.) This is one of the oldest jails in the State, being constructed in 1846. The conditions are extremely bad. It is \entilated by three small windows. There is insufficient daylight, and it is not clean. Since last visiting it. it has been whitewashed, which covered up consider- able dirt. There has only been three prisoners in the jail during the last year, and they were city prisoners who only remained over night. The sheriff says that if he ever had occassion to lock up a prisoner for any length of time he would take him to some adjoining county, as he thinks it would be a crime to confine a man in this jail. There is no separate pro- vision for women, children or insane. There is no employment for prisoners, and they are not afforded any exercise. They are not furnished any reading- matter, and are supplied with good drinking water. The bedding is dirty. There are no bath tubs. It is a disgrace to this country to allow this jail to be used and we are of the opinion that the county board should take im- mediate steps towards the erection of a new jail. Criminals and unfortun- ates who may be confined in this jail are entitled to be cared for in decent quarters. There were no prisoners present on .lune 30. 1904. Randolph County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. Oct. 5, 1904. This jail was built about twenty-five years ago., is ventilated by very small windows, has insufficient daylight, is clean but damp. The interior of the jail has been whitewashed. There is no separate provision for women, children or insane. Prisoners are not employed, are not afforded any amnsement or exercise, and are not furnished reading- '.til matter. They are furnished good drinking water. The bedding is fairly clean. Bath tuba are nt employed, but are allowed to exercise. Thej have reading matter. They are well fed, and the drinking water is good. The bedding is clean, and bath tubs are provided. There urn- m> prisoners present June 30, 1904. Rock />/.(/)./ Co until The auxiliary board of this county says the jail was built "1,000 years ago," thai it is ventilated by opening the windows, and has insufficient daylight. The interior of the jail is whitewashed regularly. There is separate provision for women and children, l>ut none for the insane. The prisoners are employed breaking stone. They are furnished with y< >< ►• i reading matter and are wel] fed. The drinking water is good The bedding is clean. Bath tubs with warm water are provided. The jail is managed as well as a building so out of date could be managed. The Hoard of charities is of the opinion that a county as large and prosperous as this one should be equipped with a modern and up-to-date jail, and it hopes that the hoard of supervisors will provide tor this needed improvement. On -lime 30, 1904, there were 28 male prisoners present, nine of whom were awaiting trial and l'.i Serving sentence. Saline County (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Chari- ties, Oct. '.'. 1904.) -This jail was built in L889. It is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight and is fairly clean. It has been whitewashed recently. There is no Separate provision for women, children Or insane. No employ- ment for prisoners and no exercise. They are supplied with reading matter. The food is fair and the drinking water good. The bedding is only fairly .lean. There are no hath tubs. On June 30, 1904, four male prisoners were present, two of whom were awaiting trial and two serving sentence. Sangamon County During tin- past year an annex to the jail has been built, containing six rooms for children and insane persons. It is of brick, is two stories and contains a hath room ahove and below, and city heat. At the time of visit there were two boys and two eirls present. One of the irirls. If, years old, has since he. mi taken to the State Training School for Oirls at Geneva. The other one has been in jail since May on the charge of vagrancy. A matron is n.,w employed by the county and is very efficient in the per- formance of her duty. The sanitary conditions of the jail are as good as can be expected in so crowded a place. The kitchen arrangements are good and a very plain, wholesome dinner was in course of preparation at the time of visit.' A disinfectant is used in all parts of the building every week. The jail is ventilated hy windows, has sutlicient daylight and is sanitary and clean. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. There is no genera] employment tor prisoners, hut some of the •■trusties" are given various duties to perform. Sutlicient reading matter is furnished. They arc f.d three meals a day. The drinking water is g l. The bedding is as clean as possible. Bath tubs with warm water are provided for the use of the prisoners, on June 30, L904, there were B5 prisoners present, B0 of whom w ere males and five females. Schuyler County The auxiliary board of this county reports that the jail is a new building with all modern equipments, heated by steam, ami is kepi in tine condition hy the jailer and his wife. It was erected in 1900 and is ventilated with windows and registers in the walls. There is sutlicient day light, and it is clean and sanitary. There are separate apartments for women, children and insane. Prisoners are not employed, and are not afforded anj amusement or exercise. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding is clean, and hath tubs and warm water are provided for the prisoners. On June 30, 1904, no prisoners were present. Scott County The auxiliary board in this county failed to make any report on the condition of the jail. If the old jail is still in use. w e a re of the opinion that it should he abandoned and a new modern building erected. 1)1 Shelby County -(Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Chari- ties, Oct. 14. 1 ( .io4.)— The jail was built about 1891, has artificial ventilation, sufficient daylight, but is not clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, but none for children and insane, the children and insane being cared for in the women's department. Employment is not provided for the prisoners, and they are not afforded any amusement or exercise. They are supplied with newspapers, are well fed and supplied with good drinking water. The bedding- is not clean. There are no bath tubs for the prisoners. All the prisoners should be required to give more attention to cleanliness, both to themselves and their cells. On June 30. 1904. one male prisoner was present awaiting trial. Stark County — The auxiliary board in this county reports that the jail was built in 189"). It is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight, and is clean and sanitary. It has not been whitewashed or painted since it was erected. There is separate provision for women, but none for children or in- sa lie. The prisoners are not employed and have no exercise. They are well fed and supplied with good drinking - water. The bedding is clean. The institution is supplied with bath tubs and warm water for bathing. The board recom- mends that two or three cells be provided for the female department, and that one be adapted for the care of the insane when held for trial. On June 30, l ( .t04. no prisoners were present. During the year one escape is reported. St. Clair County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Char- ities, Sept. 17. 1904) — The jail was built in 1885. but recently a new addition, modern in every respect, has been erected, giving additional room for the separate care of women and children. The buildings have artificial ventila- tion, sufficient daylight, and are clean and sanitary. There is separate pro- vision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are employed on a rock pile. Magazines and papers are furnished them. They are fed by con- tract at 30 cents per diem. Good drinking water is furnished. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs are provided. On June 30. 1904. 89 prisoners were pres- ent. 81 of whom were males, and eight females. Of this number 20 were awaiting - trial, and 69 serving- sentence. Stephenson County — The general conditions of the jail are very good. It was built in 1876-77. has ordinary ventilation, is sufficiently lighted and con- sidered clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. No employment is provided for the prisoners and they have no exercise. Reading matter will be more regularly supplied this year than last, though there have been donations of magazines and Chicago papers. The board has no suggestions to make in the matter of improvement in building, equipment, or administration. On June 30, 1904, six prisoners were present, five of whom were males, and one female. Tazewell County — The board reports that at this inspection it finds every- thing about the jail in a good sanitary condition. The building was erected in 1892 at an expense to the county of about S20.000.00. It is modern in every way. has hose, gas and electric lights, steam plant, good plumbing and ven- tilation. The prisoners are well supplied with good, wholesome food, and an abundance of pure water. They are required to bathe and change under- clothing once a week. In the matter of improvements the board has no sug- gestions to make. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. Xo employment is provided for the prisoners, but they are allowed to exercise. They have good reading matter. The bedding is clean. On June 30, 1904, there were five prisoners present, four of whom were males. and one female. Four of this number were awaiting trial and one serving sentence. Union County — It is recommended by the auxiliary board that electric lights be placed in the jail, as in winter after 4:00 o'clock in the afternoon it is very dark and at supper time the prisoners cannot see the pans containing their food. The jail is ventilated by windows and doors, is not siifficiently lighted, but is considered clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, and have do exercise, but are supplied with good reading matter. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. There are no bath tubs. 92 VermUUm County— This institution was buill in L872, has good ventilation, sufficient daylight, and is sanitary. There is separate provision for women and insane, but aol for children. The prisoners are not employed and axe qoI afforded any amusement or exercise. They are well fed ana have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. Hath tulis are provided. The aux- iliary board suggests thai the insane ward be arranged bo a-~ to care for violent insane. More room is Deeded tor tin- children's department, There were 29 prisoners present on June 30, L904, 25 of whom were males, and four females. Of 1 1 1 i-. Dumber 20 were awaiting trial, eight serving sentence, and one awaiting removal to the penitentiary. Wabash County This jail was built about 1887, is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight, and is partly clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women and children, but Dot for insane. No employment is provided for the prisoners and they do Dot have much amusemenl or exerc Very little reading matter is furnished. The drinking water is good. The bedding is do1 very clean. No bath tn^ for the prisoners are provided. Tin- jail has two stories. The Lower story, with two cells, is for men, and tin- upper H ■, with two cells, is for women. Sometimes they are crowded. The water-closets are do1 properly constructed, and consequently the air is im- pure. 'The outside vault is Dot large enough and doI properly drained. Whitewash and paint with disinfectants should l>e used, and the ventilation should be greatly improved. The stale Board of Charities is of the opinion that the county board should take immediate steps to remedy this matter. < ^::. is ventilated by pipes from cells through the roof, has sufficient daylight, and is clean and sanitary. There is a separate provision tor women and insane, lint none for children. The prisoners are not employed, hut are allowed to exercise anil have good reading matter. They are ted three times a day ami are supplied with {rood drinking water. The bedding is clean. Hath tubs with warm water for bathing are provided. On June 30, 1904, seven noale prisi mers were present. Washington I'mnili) -This old jail is still in use and the conditions are aboul the same as reported two years ago. The jail was buill in 1866. It i^ ventilated by L'rated openings. There is not sufficient daylight, hut it is Considered clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, hut none for children or insane. No employment is furnished the prisoners, and they are not afforded any amusemenl or exercise. No reading matter was found in the jail. They are well fed and have good drinking water. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs have not been provided. The state Hoard is of the Opinion that a new jail should he erected in this county, and hop,-. that th«- board of supervisors will take favorable action on this subject. On June 30, 1904, no prisoners were present. Waym County This jail was buill in 1894, has good ventilation and Bufflcienl daylight. There is separate provision for women. The prisoners are Supplied pood reading matter. The prisoners say they are well fed and treated kindly. On June 30, L904, three male prisoners were presenl await- ing t rial. wiiiii County (Inspected b\ a representative of the State Board of Charities. July 3, L904.) This is an old jail. It is ventilated by windows. has insufficient daylight and is not clean or sanitary. It has not been white- washed or painted for years. Then- is a separate provision for women, hut children and insane hc cared for in the same apartments. The prisoners are not employed and an- not afforded any amusement or exercise. They have a limited supply of reading matter. They are fed hy the sheritV at ;,;, cents per da\ for each prisoner. The drinking water is good. The bedding is not clean. There arc no hath tuhs. A new building should be erected, or this one remodeled throughout. <>n June ''"• L904, five male pris- -rs w.-rc present, all awaiting trial. 98 Whiteside County — No suggestions are made in the matter of improvements in the building', equipment or administration in the* county jail by the Board of Auxiliary visitors. It reports that the jail was built in 1858-9. It is ven- tilated by windows, has sufficient daylight, and is clean and sanitary. It was painted and whitewashed in April. 1904. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. The prisoners are not employed, but have exercise. They are supplied with reading matter. The drinking water is good. The bedding is clean. Bath tubs are provided. On June 30. 1904. no prisoners were present. Will County — This jail was built in 1861, and remodeled in 1894. It is ven- tilated generally from the windows, has some ventilation pipes in the front part, and some in the cells of the west cell house, and other ventilation. This jail is not built as a jail should be. There is no way of watching the prisoners during the day. only by g'oing among them which places the jailor at the mercy of the prisoners. The female quarters are deficient, as the light is defective, with no room for exercise. The whole structure oiig-ht to be remodeled. There is separate provision for women and children, but none for the insane. The prisoners are not provided with employment, but are allowed to exercise. They are fed three meals a day of coffee, bread, meat. vegetables, soup. etc. The drinking water is satisfactory, and the bedding- is clean. Bath tubs are provided with warm water for bathing. On June 30. 1904. there were 65 prisoners present. 63 of whom were males and two females. Williamson County — (Inspected by a representative of the State Board of Charities. Oct. 1. 1904.) — The inspector reports that the jail was built in 1890. is ventilated by windows, has sufficient daylight and is fairly clean. The walls have been recently painted. There is separate provision for women, but none for children or insane. Prisoners are not employed, and are not afforded any amusement. There is no reading matter. They are supplied with good food and have a good quality of drinking water. The bedding is fairly clean. There are no bath tubs. On June 30. 1904. eight male prisoners were present aw T aiting- trial. Winnebago County — The auxiliary board in this county reports that the jail was erected in 1872. that it is fairly well ventilated, has sufficient day- light and is clean and sanitary. It is expected that the ventilation will be improved this year. There is separate provision for women and insane, but none for children, who are cared for in the woman's department. No em- ployment is provided for the prisoners, but they are allowed to exercise and are furnished with good reading matter. The food furnished is good, and the quality of the drinking water is satisfactory. Clean bedding is supplied. Bath tubs with warm water for bathing are provided. This year the county board expects to put in a new heating system. At present, city prisoners are kept in one portion of the jail, while the new city jail is being built. On June 30. 1904. 16 prisoners were present. 1.") of whom were males and one female. Of this number 11 were awaiting' trial and four serving sentence. and one aw-aiting removal to the penitentiary. }]' in a Ifn i<1 County — No improvements are suggested in the building-, equip- ment or administration of the county jail. The Board of Auxiliary visitors report that it is first-class in every respect. It was erected in 1902, has good natural draft ventilation, sufficient daylight and is clean and sanitary. There is separate provision for women, children and insane. No employment is provided for prisonez-s. but they are allowed exercise and are supplied witli good reading matter. They are fed well and sufficiently three times a day. and are supplied with good drinking- water. The bedding is clean. There are bath tubs and warm water for the use of the prisoners. On June -i<». 1904. no prisoners were present. '.'I 95 The Illinois Eastern Hospital fob the Insane, Kankakee. The Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane was founded by an act passed in the session of the Legislature of 1877. The great increase of population and the increased number of insane rendered it imperative that an insane hospital should be built in this part of the State. There was a loud demand among - the laity and also among - • the more instructed and philanthropic promoters of public charity for buildings for the insane which possessed a more homelike character than the congregate style of hospitals then in general use throughout the country. This change, in itself, was something that had revolved in many minds before it took practical shape here. A sentiment in favor of the village or cottage plan had been in the air. suggested, perhaps in part, by the noted Colony at (died, Belgium. Two thousand persons are. in large part, quartered there as inmates of the houses of peasantry of the surrounding country. This feeling was largely shared by the State Board of Charities when in 1877 the act was passed founding this institution. The act contained a provision that the Governor of Illinois and the State Board of Charities should approve the plans of the buildings of the new hospital. The Board of Charities through their influence, mainly, induced the General Assembly at the session of 1879 to appropriate money for a group of three cottages to accommodate one hundred patients. It was in pursuance of this act that the plans for the detached wards or cottages at Kankakee were drawn. They were built and occupied in 1880. and at the next session of the Legislature in 1881 an appropriation was made for substantially duplicating the three cot- tages already constructed. Cottages have been added from time to time, the number now amounting to twenty-two for the care of patients and fifty-two other building for various uses, making seventy-four in all. The cottages and the two wings of the main building - will comfortably accommodate twenty-three hundred patients. The two wings are practically of fire-proof construction, on a modified Kirkbride plan, the wards opening into corridors with large doors opening out for exit. A disastrous fire, if judgment were manifested, would be impossible. This innovation in hospital construction, for the care of the insane, was watched with great interest by the different states, and while it did not meet the approbation of the majority of superin- tendents throughout the country, all hospitals constructed since the erection of this one. in the different states have been, more or less, modeled after this. There is but little restraint in use throughout the hospital, the classfica- tion of patients is easily effected by assigning them to different cottages. The diversion of mind in household duties affords healthy employment to many of the inmates of the cottages, on the male side as well as the female. The different industries, such as the making of brooms, scrub-brushes, harness, caning of chairs, mending shoes, printing, etc.. gives employment to a number of the inmates, aside from those that work in the garden, farm, hot-houses and on the lawn, making an average of 58.70 per cent employed, of -which over two-thirds are employed on the wards and one-third outside. The hospital is well equipped in every way for the care of the inmates. The farm comprises 1.000 acres. 150 in lawn and the balance in farm and garden. The garden is veiw productive and affords nearly all the vegetables which the hospital requires. We have a library of 3,000 volumes with the leading magazines which furnishes abundant reading material for our patients, and is heartily en- joyed. The medical library consists of 1.312 books. The medical staff con- sists of eight physicians who have been identified with the hospital from three to five years and are well equipped, in every way. for their work. We have a training school for nurses that has proven a success. The require- ments for admission are graduation from hig - h school, second grade certificate or an examination equivalent. 97 X - V- z 7BC 98 iLLIXOIH N < > i : i Hi i;\ HOSPITAL FOB I m iNSAXE, ELGIN. The 1 1 1 i ii< >i ~~ Northern Hospital for the [nsane was chartered in 1869. The oorth wing of the main building was opened for patients in 1872. Subse- quently the administration pari of the main building and the south wing of tin- same were erected. Dr. B. A. Kilbourne was superintendenl from Dec. l. to Feb. 27. L890. dying in tin- barness. To him, and tr. George V Lucas. Dr. M. F. (lark. Dr. Joseph M. Kearney and Dr. Charles Kahn. Illinois Central Hospital for mm Insane, Jacksonville. The establishment of the Illinois Centra] Hospital for the Insane, at Jack- sonville, in 1847, was Largely, if not entirely, due to the philanthropic efforts of Dorothea I.. Dix, of New York. In 1846 Miss Dis visited this city and was the guest of J. O. King. At this time she traveled over the greater pan of the Male risiting principally the Inmates of the almshouses, whose pitia J ble condition appealed to her. When the Legislature convened, sin- visited Springfield and made a most eloquenl plea for the establishment of a hos- pital for the can- of the insane. Much credit is also due to lhrn. William Thomas, of this city, who prepared an I introduced the bill into the Legis- lature, appropriating 860,000.00, which was the tirst hill introduced in an Illinois legislature making a provision for her insane and establishing the twenty-eighth institution of the kind in this country. This bill became a law March i. |s(7. and provided for the Locating of the hospital at Peoria, but through the efforts of Judge Thomas it was amended and JacksonviUe was substituted. Nine trustees were appointed, all resident- of Morgan county, who were authorized to select a site, purchase land and erect a build- ing for the ace ni.oil.it i, >n of 2o0 patients; to select officers and make by- laws governing the institution. The members of this hoard were as follows: 99 Annex, Central Hospital for the Insane. Jacksonville. Judge William Thomas, Samuel D. Lockwood, Joseph .Morton. Owen M. Long. Nathaniel English. William \Y. Happy. James Gordon, James Dunlap and Aquila Becraft. In May. 1847. the board agreed upon a tract of land situated one mile south of the public square, paying $3,631.42 for 160 acres. A committee of three was selected as a building committee, and the plans that were adopted were largely after those of the institution at Indianapolis, Ind. The orig- inal plans called for a building, with center, consisting of five and one-half stories and two wings of nine wards each. Work on the foundation began the same year. In August. 1848. Dr. J. X. Higgins was appointed superin- tendent. On Nov. 3. 1851. the first patient. Sophronia MeElheny. of McLean county, was admitted. On account of a difference of opinion among the members of the board, the Legislature of 1852-53 ordered an investigation, which resulted in the reorganization of the board. Dr. Higgins, not being in harmony with the members of the new board, resigned his position. Dr. H. K. Jones, of Jacksonville, was given charge temporarily until a successor for Dr. Higgins could be found. Dr. Andrew McFarland. of the New Hamp- shire asylum, was selected and entered upon the discharge of his duties June 10. 1854. In 1852 the rear buildings, consisting of chapel, kitchen, boiler house and bakery, were commenced, but for some reason were not completed until 1858. The east wing was built first: the west wing was not commenced until 1854. The arrangements at the time the institution opened were very crude, the buildings being heated entirely by stoves and lighted by lamps. In 1857 an appropriation was made for extending the west wing, which was completed in 1858. The extension of the east wing followed shortly after, but was not completed and occupied until 1859. Up to this time the buildings had cost ^100.000.00 and afforded accommodations for 450 patients. The institution was entirely dependent upon wells for water supply, and it was not until I860 that the Legislature came to its relief by appropriating $10,000.00 with which to build a pumping station <>n the banks of the Mauvaisterrc and the building of a reservoir holding 2,500,000 gallons. Dr. McFarland resigned his position in ISTo to establish a private institution for the insane, afterwards known as the Oak Lawn Retreat. Dr. 11. F. Carriel, who was at that time assistant physician at the state hospital at Trenton. New Jersey, was appointed to succeed Dr. McFarland and reported for duty July 1. 1870. In 1871 the legislature appropriated $20,000.00 for a new boiler house, wash house, and for new boilers, washing machines, pumps, etc. In 1877-78. two new wings for the accommodation of L50 patients wen' added to the main building, thus making the total capacity of the institution 600. The same year the legislature appropriated $8,000.00 for the erection of z T3 n c >- c «L * ■ 1 ■ lr . : ^ «t<4«< ^•."• : 101 what is now known as the Domestic building 1 . In 1879-80. a conservatory was built, with an appropriation of $1,500.00. The room, formerly used as an ironing room, was made into an amusement hall and furnished will) suitable decorations and scenery. In 1881-2. a building - for refrigerating pur- poses was built, having capacity of 500 tons of ice. In 1882-4. the building known as the North annex was erected. $135. 000. 00 having been appropriated for this purpose, for the accommodation of 300 patients. Of this appropria- tion a balance of •S20.000.00 remained, which was reappropriated by the suc- ceeding Legislature for building - a reservoir, having a capacity of seven million gallons, and for extending the water mains, and Improving the water supply. In 1889. an appropriation of §120.000.00 was made to build the South annex, which is a duplicate of the North annex, and will accommodate the same number of patients. Out of this appropriation the amusement hall, which connects the two building's, was erected, appropriately decorated and supplied with a pipe organ. In 1893. Dr. Carriel resigned and Dr. J. F. McKenzie of LeRoy. Illinois, was appointed his successor. In 1895, Dr. Walter Watson, of Mt. Vernon, was appointed superintendent and served in this position for two years. In 1897, Dr. F. C. Winslow was made superinten- dent and held this position until he was appointed superintendent of the Asylum for the Incurable Insane at South Bartonville in .July. 1902. During- Dr. Winslow's service, many important changes were made. The chief per- haps was the installing of the Paul system of heating, better known as the vacuum system. Dr. Joseph Robbins was appointed to take Dr. Winslow 's place and served one year. When he resigned, July 1. 1902. Dr. H. B. Carriel was appointed to succeed him. In 1901, the Legislature appropriated §35,000.00 for an infirmary building, for the accommodation of fifty patients. This was occupied June 8. 1903; besides this, among the more important additions during the past two years, may be mentioned the building of an ice and refrigerating plant, a water tower, and the establishing of a better system of water supply to the various buildings, for protection against fire. Since the original tract of land was purchased, one hundred ninety-three acres have been added, making three hundred fifty-three acres, seventy of which is in garden. Until 1869 this was the only institution in the state and received patients from all districts. This hospital enjoys the distinction of having a greater change of population than any other. Since it was founded sixteen thousand one hundred patients have been received for treatment. Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane. Anna. The Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane located at Anna. 111., was created by act of the State Legislature of 1869. and in pursuance of that act, Governor John M. Palmer appointed the following commissioners to select a location for the hospital: Lieut. -Gov. John Doughtery of Jonesboro. Union county. Col. Benj. L. Wiley of Jackson county. Dr. G. L. Owens of Marion. Williamson county. Col. H. YY-. Wall of McLeansboro. Hamilton county and Hon. D. R. Kingsbury of Centralia. Marion county, who. after viewing several locations in different counties, finally located the hospital on the present site which comprises 460 acres of land, which many claim are the most beautiful institution grounds of anj- in Illinois. An appropriation of $125,000 was made for the purchase and erection of buildings and in 1870 work began on the erection of the north wing of the main building. In 1871 the Legislature appropriated §65,000 for the comple- tion of the north wing and §143.000 for the erection of other braidings. The first Board of Trustees, consisting of Amos Clark of Centralia. C. Kirk- patrick of Anna. W. N. Mitchell of Marion. J. C. Boyle of Sparta and W. K. Brown of Metropolis, on Aug. 22. 1873. appointed Dr. R. S. Dewey as first superintendent, who after one month resigned and was succeeded by Dr. A. T. Barnes. On Dec. 15. 1873. the north wing was formally opened for patients by proc- lamation of Gov. John L. Beveridge. An appropriation of §99.000 was made by the Legislature of 1873 for the erection of the center building, which was completed Oct. 25. 1875. L02 At the session of 1 1 1 » - Legislature in L875, 1140,000 was appropriated for the erection of the south »in^ «>f tin- main building, for the erection "f which a contracl was let on Aug. 18, 1875 and the building was completed and occu- pied in September, l s 77. • in April 19, 1881, the north wing was destroyed by Are. The Legislature made an immediate appropriation lor the erection "f temporary "barracks" for the act imodation of the 250 patients who had * «* -« - 1 1 deprived >»f quarters as a result of the Ore, and work was also begun a1 once on the re-building of the oorth wing, which was completed and occupied Late in tin- year 188 The temporary "barracks" erected a1 this time continued t<> be occupied by patients from thai time until in 1895, when it was torn down and replaced by a modern brick cottage which accommodates L70 male patients. «ni January ■'<. 1895, the hospital was again visited by fire and the center building and south wing were entirely destroyed. The Legislature, soon after being in session, made an emergency appropriation and the work of rebuild- ing was commenced at once and completed in 1896. The main building now has accommodations for 301 males and 289 females and 150 officers, employes and attendants. The Legislature of L889 made an appropriation for the annex which was completed and occupied in L891. This building is practically a complete insti- tution within itself, and has accommodations for 35 officers and emplo 171 female patients and 171 male patients. In L893 the Legislature appropriated 98,000 for the erection of a female in- tirinary. which is now occupied by 30 female patients. The present capacity of the entire hospital is L138 patients. Of tliis- Dum- ber 193 are females and 6 15 males. There have been admitted to the hospital since it was first opened 696.1 patient-. 1,821 of which have been discharged as recovered, 1,544 discharged as mind improved, 920 discharged as mind not improved, 1,461 have died and at the close of the tiseal year. .Inly 1. L904, there were in the hospital 1 665 of which are males, and ."..Mi females. 'I'll.- members of the presenl board of trustess of the hospital are II. II. Koiin of Anna. Walter II. \\ L of Cairo and John Lynch, Jr., of Olney, with \V. I.. \tl M. D., of Marshall, superintendent. [LLINOI8 WE8TERH BOSPITAL FOB mm [N8ANE, WaTERTOWN. The Illinois Western Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the General Assembly, approved May 22, L895, and an appropriation of 8100,- "i made for sile and buildings. The t rust ees appointed bj Governor Altgeld were W. Sheldon Gale, John R. Eden and T. S. Sylvis. The latter immediately resigned and was succeeded by T. .1. Me.iiii. Jr. rii.- first meeting of the trustees was held in Rock Island on Sept. 3 at which time the hoard organized by electing T. J. MediU president. It was decided 1o advertise for proposals for a location for the institution. The Board of Trustees met on Dec. 9, L895, at Springfield, and after exam ining Locations offered by Knox, Warren and Rock island counties, voted t<» accept a proposition made by Rock Island county, offering to donate aboul Inn acres of land situate.! al.out live miles east of Moline. near the Mississippi river, known as the " \\ a t crt ow n sit e. " The contract for the firsl building was awarded May 9, L896, and the corner stone was laid Sept. ■'•. L896, with appropriate ceremonies, Governor Utgeld making the principal address. \ disagreemenl with the architect resulted in his removal: this, together with t he insolvency <.f the fire proofing contractors, an inclement winter, and an inadequate appropriation, caused the work of construction to proceed slowly during the few remaining months of the administration. The second Board of Trustees, appointed by Governor Tanner, were I'. \\ . Gould, Allan M. • lenient and .1. I. Met 'aw ley. who cut. 'red upon their duties March Is. 1897. I >r. \\ . E Taylor, of Monmouth, was elected superintendent and Mr. M. E. Bell, Of Chicago, architect. •'. I". Lynde treasurer and \. II. 103 .88 WJS * !fiMB E OS BAB. b 40as a4S . 00. amounting to $858.00 per bed. which is below the average cost of similar institutions. There are now nine cottages with a capacity of 54 patients each, eig-ht with a capacity of 100 each, while about 120 patients are provided for in the employes' and domestic buildings. During the year 1904 more than 600 insane have been withdrawn from the county almshouses to this institution, where practical freedom contrasts with their former imprisonment and restraint, for here all restraint has been re- moved to the limit of safety. Screens have been removed from the dining rooms and are being removed from the day rooms. Narcotics and chloral are not used at all. Female attendants are being placed upon the male wards. Sane surrounding's for the insane will be introduced in all departments. That such an institution can be conducted economically is evidenced by the fact that the gross per capita cost last year was under $142.00. Illinois Asylum for Insane Criminals, Menakd. The Illinois Asylum for Insane Criminals was created by an act approved June 1. 1889. and was open for the reception of patients November, 1891. The I act provides for the transfer of all insane convicts in the penitentiaries at Joliet and Chester. The insane convicts are transferred to this institution whenever the phyisican of either of the penitentiaries shall certify to the warden in charge that any convict is insane. It shall be the duty of said warden or other officer in charge, to make an examination into the condition of said convict, and if fully satisfied that he is insane, the warden in charge shall forthwith cause such convict to be transferred to this institution, where such convict shall remain until restored to his right mind, when he is again returned to the prison from whence he came. In case the insanity of any convict shall continue after the expiration of his sentence he is retained in this asylum until adjudged by the medical superintendent thereof and the board of commissioners of such penitentiary he is from, a fit subject to be discharged. When a convict's sentence has expired, and he is still insane, he may be delivered by the superintendent of this institution to his relatives or friends who will undertake, with good sureties to be approved by the board of commissioners, for the good behavior, safe custody, and proper main- tainance of the patient without further public charge. The expense of the transfer of any insane person to this institution, either from any other of the State institutions or upon the order of any of the several State courts, shall be defrayed from the State treasury in the same manner as the cost of conveying convicts to the State penitentiaries is defrayed. The Illinois Asylum for Insane Criminals is situated on a high bluff, com- manding a splendid view of the Mississippi river and surrounding country. The institution cultivates about seventy acres of land upon which arc raised food for the patients and officers. Upon a site of aboul seven acres are located the building of four wings, living apartments for officers and atten- dants, stables, ice house, vegetable house, and laundry. The institution will accommodate only 180 patients, and is entirely inadequate for all of such insane in the State. 110 Ill The last general assembly appropriated $35,000.00 per annum for the or- dinary expenses of the institution, and $2,000.00 per annum for repairs and improvements, and $200.00 a year for the library fund. Illinois [nstittttion fob the Education of the Blind, Jacksonville. In August, L847, Samuel Bacon, who had just graduated from the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind at Columbus, came to the city of Jacksonville with the view of applying for a position as teacher in a new institution which he had heard was soon to be opened in that city for the education of the blind. But to his surprise he learned after his arrival that the institution he supposed was for the blind was a hospital for the insane. Nothing daunted he remained in Jacksonville some time and met several g-entlemen who encouraged him to remain in Illinois and try to establish a school for the blind. Accepting their advice he visited Springfield, met there several members of the Constitutional Convention which was then in session, and other prominent men and urged upon them the necessity of a school for the blind. Soon after he made a trip to the northern part of the State, and by travel and correspondence he gathered information concerning the need of such a school. In the spring of 184S he returned to Jacksonville with well denned plans. Securing the support of several prominent men in Jacksonville and Morg'an oeunty he opened a private school. Jan. .">. 1848, in a two-story frame building which stood on ground now occupied by the Wabash R. R,. station. The school continued in session about seven months, having' six- pupils in attendance in this term. On the 9th of January. 1849, Mr. Bacon with four of his pupils appeared before the General Assembly at Springfield, for the purpose of showing that the blind were capable of being- educated, of which fact, strang-e as it may seem, there existed some doubt at that time. Largely through his efforts, an act was passed by the General Assembly establishing the Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind. The bill was prepared by Judge William Thomas, introduced by Hon. Richard Yates, Sr., and signed by Gov. French on January 13. 1849. On Feb. 3. 1849. there was a meeting of the hoard of trustees composed of the gentlemen named in the first section of the act. viz: Samuel D. Lock- wood. Col. dames Dunlap. Dennis Rockwell. W. W. Happ\ and Samuel Hunt. Judge Lockwood was chosen president. Judge James Berdan, secretary, and Mr. Samuel Bacon, principal. The school opened in the residence owned by Col. James Dunlap April 7. following with two pupils, and remained in ses- sion without vacation until Oct.. 1850, the enrollment having increased to twenty-three. It continued its work in the Dunlap residence until Jan. 1854, when it was transferred to the new building which had been erected on a tract of twenty-two and one-half acres about a half mile east of the public square. In addition to the original twenty-two and one-half acres the institution owns a tract of land containing twenty acres one-half mile dis- tant which affords excellent pasturage for its fine herd of cows. From the one building in 1854. the material equipment has increased so that the in- stitution has at the present time, besides the main building, a boys" cottage. a girls" cottag-e. a school building, gymnasium, work-shop, hospital, laundry, bakery, boiler house, barns and other structures of minor importance, the estimated value of which is $280,000. It was the purpose and aim of the State in furnishing and maintaining' this institution to offer facilities to the blind for obtaining an educa- tion equal to those furnished seeing children in the best public schools. Also, to provide the means of acquiring such a knowledge of musical and manual branches as the pupils might be competent to pursite with profit. The institution is not designed as an asylum for the care and treatmenl of those whose physicial and mental capacities render them incapable of successful study and reasonable improvement. Therefore those who are unfortunately deficient to such an extern in either of those particulars, are not. as a rule, admitted. Persons over '.'l years of age. particularly in the case of those who by some misfortune have become blind later in life, are admitted with the view that they may learn a trade by means of which they may become self-sitpporting. 113 The work done in the school is of the highest grade attained in such insti- tutions. The literary course is as extended as that adopted in the average public schools of the' State. It covers two years' work in the kindergarten, in which pupils varying from 5 to 12 years of age are taught to use their hands in weaving on the hand loom, in modeling in clay, in paper folding, in l>raiding and sewing of raffia and in other similar lines of work. They are taught, also, to sing and to move about to music, to read and write in the Braille system and to do some number work. The literary course, also, em- braces six other grades, designated as the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, the work corresponding as near as may be to the grades so num- bered in the public schools. In addition to this there is a three years' course in the high school department. The courses in music are as thorough as those required in most seminaries and conservatories. The institution is provided with an excellent pipe organ. 24 pianos and the usual orchestral and band instruments. The industrial work begun in the kindergarten is continued through all the grades. The little children are taught to make different articles from beads. raffia, etc.; the older girls are taught to knit, to crochet, to sew. to make hammocks, etc. The boys learn bead and basket work, chair caning and hammock making. Male adults are taught broom and mattress making and chair caning. In the sloyd room and in the piano tuning and typewriting departments a valuable training- is given, which has an important bearing on the life of the pupils. In the printing department more music is printed for the blind by the printer than by any other person or institution in the world. The work in the gymnasium produces valuable results, as shown in the at- titude, carriage, prompt obedience and improved health of the pupils. During the 54 years of its existence the institution has had seven superin- tendents. Samuel Bacon was the first, followed in the order of their ap- pointment by Joshua Rhoades. F. W. Phillips, W. S. Phillips. Frank H. Hall. W. II. Short. Frank H. Hall and Joseph H. Freeman. Superintendent Rhoades" superintendence' covered a period of 24 years, that of Dr. F. W. Phillips 14 years and the two administrations of Professor Hall covered a period of eight years. Each of the superintendents was endowed with some special crualification for his work, which conduced to the success and efficiencj- of the school. Where all are deserving of so much credit, it may seem inap- propriate to make any discrimination. However, the invention of the Braille typewriter and of the stereotype maker by Superintendent Hall have been of Mich inestimable benefit to the blind as to justify a brief mention of them. By means of the Hall-Braille typewriter, a pupil can write many times as fast as he can write with a stylus and Braille slate, with the further advan- tage of having what he has written in a convenient position to be read. By means of the Hall stereotype maker work can be written on brass plates, which can be used as stereotypes for printing with an ordinary press. These machines are used not only in the schools for the blind in this country but in those of several foreign countries. There have always been employed in the institution a few blind persons as teachers and in other positions. At the present time the foreman of the work shop, the printer, the teacher of piano tuning, one of the music teach- ers, the assistant supervisor of the girls and one assistant pupil-teacher are persons who live in darkness. The highest enrollment during- the past three years has been 249; the aver- age enrollment. 225. Asylum Foe Feeble-Minded Children, Lincoln. The Illinois Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, located at Lincoln, was first established at .Jacksonville by an act of the General Assembly, approved Feb. 15. 1865, entitled "An Act to organize an Experimental School for the Instruction and Training of Idiots and Feeble-Minded Children in the State of Illinois.'' The directors of the institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Jack- -8 B C 1 1 115 sonville were authorised to take such measures as mighl be suitable for the purpose of accomplishing the benevolent object of the Legislature. The firsl meeting of the directors was held March l. L865, at Jacksonville, at which time Phillip D. Gillett was appointed ex officio superintendent and the selec- tion of the mansion and grounds of ex-Gov. Joseph Duncan was decided upon and leased for the temporary home of the new institution. On Dec. 13. 1865, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur was elected superintendent, which position he held until Oct. 4. 18S3. Subsequent superintendents have been Dr. W. It. Fish. 1883-1892; Dr. A. M. Miller. 1893-5: Dr. .1. W. Smith. 1895-7: Dr. YV. L. Athon, L897-1901; Dr. S. H. McLean. 1901-1903, and the present incumbent, Dr. < ). B. Taylor, who assumed his duties March is. L903. At the regular session of the Genera] Assembly in 1871, an act was passed incorporating- the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children as one of the permanent charitable institutions of the State. In April, 1875, appropriations were made for the purchase of Land and the construction of buildings for the asylum. After a careful survey the State. Lincoln was selected as the permanent location. The occupation of the present building and grounds in 1878. with its enlarged accommodations, greatly facilitated the labors in behalf of this noble cause. The design and object of this institution at its organization was not of a custodial character, but the growing necessity of providing and caring- for custodial cases became so apparent that the Thirty-sixth General Assembly made appropriations for the construction of a custodial building - , which was completed in 1890. This building was soon found inadequate for this class of patients, and further appropriations were made in 1899 for the erection of two new cottages, one of which was completed in 1901 and the other in 1902. In 1901 the Forty- second General Assembly made appropriations for the construction of a new building at the State farm and a new infirmary. These building-s were com- pleted and occupied during the fall of 1902. The various buildings comprising the institution at the present time are the administration, or main building, custodial building, the boys' and girls' cottages, the old hospital, new in- firmary, industrial building-, laundry, ice plant and cold storage, engine and boiler rooms, etc., on the institution grounds within the city limits and the various buildings at the State farm. The institution grounds contain about 95 acres, exclusive of the farm of 450 acres owned by the State and an addi- tional 400 acres leased for a term of years. The object of the institution is to furnish such training and education to the feeble-minded children of the State as they are capable of receiving and to fit them as far as possible for future usefulness. Children are instructed in the elementary studies, music, dancing and calisthenics. The girls are taught lace-making, fancy work, needlework, etc. The boys receive instruction in brush-making, shoe-making-, mattress-making, etc. Illinois Soldiers' axi> Sailors' Home, Quincy. The 34th General Assembly on June 26. 1885. passed a measure providing for the establishment of a Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, where should be re- ceived all worthy and honorably discharged soldiers and sailors of the Civil or Mexican war. who were members of an Illinois reg-iment or citizens of Illinois, and who were without means or in nead of attention. This law was afterward amended to include veterans of the Spanish- American war, under same conditions. The law establishing- the home became operative July 1, 1885. with the following commissioners on location appointed by Governor Oglesbv: Col W. W. Berry of Quincy; Hon F. E. Bryant of Bement: Hon. H. T. Noble of Dixon; Hon. M. C. Crawford of Jonesboro; Gen. M. R. M. Wallace of Chicago: Hon. Fred O. White of Aurora and Hon. H. M. Hall of Olney. Many sites were offered for the location of the institution, but after due consideration, and in appreciation of the efforts and good judgment of Col. W. W. Berry, the commission chose a tract of land of 142 acres, which was afterward increased by purchase to 222 acres, adjoining the city of Quincy on the north. The site was a beautiful one. rolling-, well wooded with oaks, elms and other forest trees, and crossed by two small streams. The first appropriation was for $200,000.00 to pay for a site and buildings. The first cost of the headquarters building was $37,865.15; of the boiler house $14,172.00; kitchen and store house $11,364.00; eiffht cottages at $8,742.13 each: IN 1 4 ;j^2v* '■ y 117 six cottages at .$10.1(32.00 each: two cottages at $11,968.36 each and one a1 •S12.ooo.oo. including furniture and fixtures. The hospital building including the hospital boiler house and the morgue, cosl $85,800.00. The home was opened in March L887, since which time to November 3, 1904. there have been 6924 admissions. There are now on the rolls 2070. 1624 present and 446 on furlough. The largest number actually present at one time was 1727. .)ah. 7. 1902, The average attendance for the past five years was L534, L503, 1535, 1509, and L533. The per capita cost for the same periods was $102.13, $109.88, $122.37, $121.26, and $126.29. These rates are lower than any other state institution and indeed, lower than any soldiers' home in the United States, while at the same time the comrades are comfortably eared for. having all the necessaries and many of life's luxuries. One of the latest additions to the home is Lippincott hall, a beautiful brick stimcture of imposing design. In the basement are billiard and pool tables, card rooms, etc.. while on the upper floor is a fully equipped theater where all kinds of amusements are provided, and in which auditorium religious services are held every Sunday. This building- was erected without c< >si to the State, from profits of the home store, at a cost of $14,000.00. and was turned over to the State Dec. 20. 1900. being accepted at the time by His Excellency John R. Tanner. Governor, who said that he would have con- sidered it'a cheap building at S20.000.00. The members receive in pensions about $180,000.00 per year, and in addition to that income many of them who are able, and so desire, earn something more by doing the necessary work in the kitchens, cottages, gardens: etc.: in fact, most of the work is done by members of the home themselves, there being about 360 member employes and 35 citizen employes. The buildings and grounds are neatly kept and in order, the result of constant attention and the pride the members take in their home. iLLIXOIs SoitDlEKS' ORPHANS' Home. NORMAL. At the close of the war of the rebellion. 1861 to 1865. hundreds of children in Illinois were left orphans, by reason of their fathers being killed in battle, or having died of diseases contracted during their term of service: many of these children were left dependent and in need of protection, consequently the patriotic citizens of Illinois conceived the idea that the State should have the fostering care or such orphan children. February sixteenth, eighteen hundred sixty-five (Feb. 16, '65). an Act was passed by the General Assembly vi To provide a Home for the nurture and education, without charge, of all indigent children of Soldiers who served in the Army or Navy of the Union during the late Rebellion, and have been disabled from disease or wounds therein, or have died or been killed in said service." This act carried with it no appropriation for the maintenance of such a home. The Governor was authorized to appoint a commission of five persons to select a site for said institiition, the location, however, was not to be made until the sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) had been made and paid to the corporation: as the sum was not forthcoming no site was selected under this act. The following session of the Legislature, 1S67. on March fifth, passed a mandatory Act. appropriating one hundred thousand four hundred dollars ($100,400) for the erection of buildings, and then authorizing the Governor to appoint a commission to select a site. The present site of the home at Normal was agreed upon, one of the strong-est arguments in its favor being the donation of land and money aggregating in value, forty thousand two hundred and twenty dollars ($40,220.) 1 'ending' the erection of permanent buildings, a temporary home was opened in Blooming-ton in August. 1867: this was soon taxed beyond its capacity, and another was opened in Springfield. In June. 1869. before the permanent buildings were completed, the children were transferred from both Bloomington and Springfield to their new home at Normal. II- 119 L20 Changes in Law concerning the admission oi children have been made from time tn time, and appropriations have been mad.- for additional buildings ami improvements as well as for the ordinary expenses "t" tin- institution. The grounds consists of 96 acres, nearly one-half Lb used for buildings, play grounds and Lawns; the remainder in cultivation, farm and gardens. The first building erected and dedicated in L869 is a large structure 70 .\ I in feet, with n fool ceilings, four stories, built of brick and stone trimmed; at the time it was built it was considered adequate to accommodate all children who would be admitted. For years it was the only building used and served all purposes, including kitchen, dining room, school rooms, laundry, dormitories and offices, but the increased admission of children rendered addition room necessary. In L871 appropriation of fifteen thousand dollars (915,000), was made for a school building. The number of children admitted and seeking admission to such an extent that the Legislature from time to time granted appropriations for the following additional buildings: < bapel building, kitchen, including the bakery and storeroom; Laundry, boiler house, including a dynamo room; old hospital, main school buildJ primary school building, new hospital, manual training school, school of domestic science, five cottages. In addition, pumping station, farm house, barns and out buildings and green house. Beginning with the kindergarten, the eighth grade is finished, all children completing the eighth grade are sent to the Norma! high school. All children under thirteen years are in school all day. the regular school hours. over thirteen years the girls have one and one-half hour each day in domestic science, and the boys in the manual training classes work for the same period. A limited number of hoys are given work in the following industries: Baking, engineering, carpentry, blacksmith ing, horticulture, painting, Laundering, electrical mechanics, cabinet making, forge work, agriculture, decorating, shoe mending, etc. The u-irls have domestic science which includes: Cooking, machine mending, sewing, darning. In the first organization of the home the hoard of trustees was composed of nine members, bul in L869 the number was reduced to three. Messrs. \V. <•. Cochran, Benson Wood and X. it. Thistlewood are the present trustees, and Richard X. McCauley, of Olney, is the present superintendent of the home. The Soldiers' Widow-' Home of [llixois, Wilmington'. The Soldiers' Widows' Home of Illinois was established in L896, under an act approved by Governor Altgeld, June L3, L895. The hill providing for this institution was presented to the Legislature by tin- Woman's Relief Corps, which is a woman's organization auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, who saw in their work the needs for such an institution to care for the wives, mothers and widows of the men who gave their lives or their besl efforts for the perpetuity of the government and who now were stranded on a cold and forgetful world. Believing thai this state of affairs needed only to be brought to the atten tionof the people of the state to have it attended to, a committee of five ladies was appointed, who prepared the measure and presented it to the i. islature. The Assembly at once responded to their requesl and the bill be came a law in June and was approved by Governor Altgeld. By the pro- visions of this act. the Governor appoints five trustees, two of whom shall he members of the Grand Armj of the Republic, of differenl political parties, ami three shall he members of the Woman's Relief Corps. The wive-, wid- ows, mothers and daughters of all honorably discharged soldiers or sailors who have served in the army or navy of the United State- are eligible to ad mission, provided they are without adequate means of supporl or are unable to support themselves, and have no, me Legally Liable for their maintenance. anil provided they have been residents of the Male of Illinois one year prior to making application for admission to said home. Twenty thousand dollar- was appropriated for the purchase of a site and building and to furnish and maintain the same for two years. The trustee- 121 L22 ocated the home at Wilmington. 111., on tin- banks of the Kankakee river, purchasing an "1 the requesl for addi- tional r a and again 830,000.00 was given for another wing, with 82,000.00 heating. 82,000.00 for furnishing and 825,000.00 for maintenance for two This completed ;i very handsome building, which we believe will meet the requirements at those eligible to such ;■ home. The lasl Assembly made appropriation for a barn and a powerhouse, which have been built ami are now in use. This completes a building for the use of these wards of the State which, including the cost of the ground, cost the State bul 845,000.00, and with tin- power house and barn hut 850, .00, all buildings of brick. The building, as nmv completed, gives a single room to every member of the family and also provides a hospital with nine rooms, three parlors, a splendid laboratory, ami one dining i in. which is used by officers ami members at the family in common. The garden connected with the institution furnishes almosl all the vegeta- bles Used. At the present time there are 80 old ladies «in tin- rolls, the youngest being 58 and the oldest 94, all comfortably housed and cared for by the Stat Illinois, in grateful appreciation of the sacrifices made by their husbands and lathers. Tin: Illinois School fob the Deaf, Jacksonville. The Illinois School for the Deaf at Jacksonville is the oldest of the State institutions. It was incorporated in L839, although pupils were not admitted ■ re 1st:,, it was founded principally through the efforts of Hon. Orville II. Browning of Quincy, Illinois, as the result of a conversation with an educated deaf gentleman while making a trip by steamboat on the Mississippi river. Mr. Browning, being a member of the Illinois Legislature, introduced a hill to found a school for the education of the deaf. The "hill passed and was approved by Governor Thomas Carlin, Feb. 23, L839." ••The first Board at Directors of the institution named in the Act of incor- poration comprises a galaxy id' brilliant names in the history of Illinois. Thomas Carlin, Thomas Cole, Joseph Duncan, each at different times gov- ernors of the State." and other men of prominence constituted the hoard. _ ; "On the 29th of June. 1839, a majority of the directors named in the Act of incorporation met in Jacksonville and proceeded to organize. Gen. Joseph Duncan was elected president. It seems strange that two years and a half elapsed lie fore a site had been secured for tin- institution, and that seven years should pass before any deaf mutes had been admitted to its halls." Bu1 a "building deemed ample for many generations was erected ami paid for. It was 88 feet Long, 50 feet wide, three stories and an attic high, and was regarded as far beyond all the requirements of the next hundred years. and sometimes Styled Die Mate's folly, so little was the demand for such an institution understood. Not a vestige of that building remained after 30 B." The first superintendent, or principal, was Mr. ThomasjOfficer. a teacher in Die Ohio institution and a man thoroughly familiar with his work. lie was appointed before the completion ofthe building. No pupils arrived, however, ai the time set tor the opening at school, and it devolved upon Mr. Officer to set out ill search of deaf mutes. By the last of Decemher. 1845, two were enrolled ami by Bpring seven more wen- added, making nine pupils for the first term. Henceforth the school grew and prospered under Mr. Officer's management. Nevertheless many difficulties were encountered and in Octo- ber, is;,;,, he resigned, the pupils absconded or were withdrawn by their friends ami disorganization ensued, Rev. Newton Cloud, a member of the Board of Directors, upon request, accepted the management of the institu- tion, hut he SOOn realized the necessity of having for principal a man who was i • ii quotations and many of the facts in this ^kei, h are taken from the exhaustive history of the institution written b j Dr. Philip G. Gilletl in 1892. 1-1 properly fitted for the position, and he declined to carry the responsibility longer than to afford the board opportunity to find some one to relieve him. Correspondence was opened with Mr. Philip G. Gillett, at that time a teacher in the Indiana school. Mr. cloud was deputized to risit Mr. Gillett at [ndian- apolis. The Latter, after due consideration, accepted the appointmenl as prin- cipal. The institution entered upon a Dew career, and under his management expanded and advanced until it became one of the foremost institutions for the education of the deaf in the world, innovations were from time to time made by him, one of the mosl unique for that day being the appointmenl women t<> the corps of teachers, No other school for the deaf had ventured upon Buch an organization, which by some persons was at firsl deemed in- advisable. The wisdom of the innovation was soon demonstrated and other institutions of the country soon followed Mr. Gillett's example. At the time of Mr. Gillett's appointmenl the present main center building and north wing were in process of construction. That portion of the building is the only structure now standing that was in existence when Mr. Gillett as- sumed charge of the institution. During his administration all of the build- ings, with tin- exception of two were erected. In 1871 the south wing, the original edifice completed in 1846 and remodeled in L850, was razed and the present wing built in its place. In 1873 the present dining hall and hospital was erected. The erection of the main school and chapel building followed in L874-5, In L877 the industrial building was constructed: 1879 the laundry building; 1881 several improvements and additions were made — a boys' cotta barns, also a store, bakery and Library building. In L883 a dairy barn was built and in L884 a large well equipped kitchen and cold storage plant. In 1886 a gymnasium, containing a drill hall and uatatorium was erected. In L889 tin- front lawn was extended, an improvement that added very materially to the appearance of the property. The appropriation for this purpose was made after repeated efforts to secure it. In L891 a 1'arm was purchase. 1. In 1893, with the change in tin- state administration a change in the insti- tution administration also took place, Dr. Gillett, the superintendent, retired, after more than :;7 years of faithful, efficient service. Under his management the institution had come to be one of the lamest of its kind, if not tin Largest and foremo>t. in the world. At this time. L893, Mr. S. T. Walker was appointed to the superintendence and served four years, during which time a building for the accommodation of small hoys was erected. At the beginning of the fiscal year. L897, Dr. Joseph C. Gordon was ap- pointed superintendent. Dr. Gordon was at the time a member of the faculty of Gallaudet college, Washington, D. C. His term of service was terminated by death after an illness of hut four days. The vacancy in the superint cndency occasioned by the death of Dr. Gordon was filled by the appointment of Mr. Charles 1'. Gillett, "li" was at the time a member of the Corps Of instructors of the institution. Since his appoint hi. Nt to t he superintendence a large annex to the school building has been built, for which an appropriation of $50,000.00 was mad.' by the Forty-third General Assembly. The building was completed and occupied with the open- ing of a school in the fall of L904. During the summer of 1903 both- the boiler and electric plants were entirely renewed. The total eiirollnent since the opening of school in 1st:, is 3,252. The enrollment of pupils for this, the sixtieth term, is 179. The corps of instruct- ors, scholastic and industrial, is 56. The school ranks as one of the besl ot its kind in the world and is worthy of the Liberal support and esteem of tin- people of the State. Tin Illinois Chahitabli Eyi ind Ear Infirm ary. Cmc ago. In ill, in,, niii oi M.i L8 18, a number of physicians, under the Lead of Dr. E. I.. Holmes, met some benevolently disposed citizens of Chicago and founded the Chicago Charitable Eye and Ear infirmary, with a board of trustees, and Edward I.. Holmes was made professor in a single room at the northeast cor Uer of Michigan and North Clark Streets, for the treatment of the poor, where it remained until L862, when it was removed to No. 28 North Clark 125 street, and remained there \intil July, 1864. At this time Walter L. New- berry, president of the institution, donated for a term of ten years the Lease of a lot of land npon which was erected a large two-story frame building costing - 82.000.00. and removed from a neighboring- block. The first patient requiring board in the institution applied before a single room had been cleaned and furnished, and for two nights he slept on a blanket on the floor. In a few months the number of patients, especially soldiers with diseases of the eye or ear. supported at the infirmary by the Northwestern Sanitary Com- mission and by the (Governors of Illinois. Wisconsin and Minnesota, rendered g-reater accommodations absolutely necessary, and the building was therefore raised and a brick basement constructed under it. On Feb. Hi. L865, the Leg- islature gave the infirmary a special charter, and in L867 appropriated $5,000.00 a year, for two years, for the support of such poor patients in the State as desired treatment at the infirmary. This appropriation was renewed in 1869. Main Building Eye and Ear Infirmary. Chicago. In the fall of 1869 additional accommodations became necessary, and were obtained by the construction of a large building on the rear of the lot. The funds required were advanced by members of the board of trustees and the surgeons until subscriptions could be raised. This sum amounted to $6,000.00. By the Constitution of 1870 appropriations in aid of institutions not owned by the State were made illegal. The Legislature in 1871. unwilling to relin- quish its fostering care of the infirmary, received it into the circle of State institutions by a special act. Thereupon the name of the institution was changed by substitution of the word "Illinois" for "Chicago." <>n Oct. '•'. 1871, fire swept away the old infirmary. There were 12 inmates, totally blind, in the infirmary at tin- time. Fortunately no injury was sustained by any of them. L26 The Legislature, al an adjourned session in 1872. appropriated funds for the renl of a suitable building on Morgan street for two years. In 1873 they made a further appropriation o1 &28, .00 in aid of the erection of a perma- nent building. The institution then bad a fund ol I it- own rived from the insurance on the old building and from gifts, the chiei which was a donation - O.OO from the Chicago Relief and Ai< a and 85,1 .00 from the United States Sanitary commission. The present -it.-. .it the corner of Peoria and \Ves1 Adams streets, was purcha l .00. The estimated cost of the present build US. .00. It erected and occupied in the summer of 1874. The building is "f l n-'u-k with stone trimmings, four stories in height, besides the basement; is I. with ;i frontage on West Adams street of 105 feet and ;i frontage on Peoria street i>r 95 feet 6 inches .- 1 1 > < I is 17 feet deep; the Lol has a frontag feel "ii VVesI Adams street and l it feet on Peoria street. The annual appropriation for current expenses is 840,150.00. The obj< this institution is to provide gratuitous board, medical and surgical treatment for all indigenl residents of 1 1 1 i n< >i>. who are afflicted with diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. The character of the work of the institution com- prises the medical and surgical treatment of all diseases embraced in ophthal- mology, otology and the allied diseases of the aose and throat. The annual report of the first year's work shows that 95 cases received treatment for diseases of the eye and 20 for diseases of the ear, and that there were sis operations. From this small beginning grew the present Illinois < haritable Eye and Ear Infirmary, which now treats in a single day more cases than were treated in the whole tirst year of its existence. The good accomplished by this infirmary is incalculable. Since its estab- lishment patients have been gratuitously treated by it- physicians in the house and in the dispensary. Objections have been repeatedly made to the continuance of State appropriations for its support on the ground that all other diseased persons are equally entitled to public relief, bu1 the answer. which lias always overcome this objection, is that the eye and ear require surgical treatment which general practitioners, especially in the country, cannot ordinarily give, and that the saving of the eye of a poor person, through skillful treatment, saves him from blindness and at the same time saves him from pauperism, thus relieving the community of a prospective and permanent burden. The institution is hampered for want of room and will ask an appropriation for the purchase of more ground and the construction of additional build- ings. To the late Dr. E. I.. Holmes, of all others, is the State indebted for this most useful institution. Be gave, not only an immense amount of time and Labor, but freely gave his money to build it up for the good of human kind. s i \ ii Traixixg School i< >b Girls, 1 1 1 si \ \. The law which brought this institution into existence was approved by the Legislature, June 22, 1 893, and the name at that time given it was state Home for Juvenile Female Offenders. The tirst meeting of the Boan Trustees was held Oct. t of the same year. The board consisted of the fol- lowing members: Mr. Mather Henneberry of Peoria. Mr. W. D. Kerfi Mrs \p i;. m, Wallace, Mrs. George \ Weise, and Mrs. G. M. Holt, all of Chicago, and Mrs. Julia P. Harvey of Geneva. Mrs. Wallace was elected president and Mrs. Holt, secretary. At a meeting held Nov. 8. Mrs. Julia Mahama was appointed superintendent. On Nov. 17 the president and secre tary were authorized to execute a lease for premises at 111] Indiana avenue at a rental of 8200.00 per month, to be used as a temporary home until a per- manent building could be erected. This rented building was furnished and equipped ready for inmates. Jan. l. 1894. .Ian. 29 of the same year Mrs. Margarel R. Wickins was appointed to succeed Mrs. Mahama as sup, Tin tendent. It was the intention of the ladies ami gentlemen w ho composed the board to make the institution a credit to the Mate of Illinois, hut early in its his- tory trouble an.se owing to the unfamiliaritj of those in charge with a work of this kind among the defective and delinquent clashes, and to the location "I the building chosen for a temporary home. Ma - 14, a site for a per- L28 manenl home w :i -~ selected Kane county, 1 1 1 1 1 »« » i >~. The board pur- chased the land and soon had the institution under way. which was ready to be occupied on May i. 1895, at which time the present superintendent, Ophelia I.. Amigh, who lial. Hurd. Asa result of this movement a bill was presented to the Legislature of the State during the session of 1900-0] providing for the establishment of a State Home for Delin- quent Boys. The bill became a law May 1<>. 1901, and carried an appropria- tion of 825,000.00 for a building and $5,000.00 for furnishings and (5.000.00 for maintenance, provided only, that some municipality, some charitable person or some association should firsl donate and deed to the State, five and clear of incumbrance, a body of land, not less than 300 acres, of such quality ot -oil and in such location as would l.e acceptable to a commission of three members to be appointed by the Governor. In December, of the year 1900, Mr. Nelson McLean made the acquaintance ot Judge Tuthill. and these men undertook to secure the money with which to buy the land and build a home and industrial school for ilel impicnt boys mar < hicago, even if we found it necessary to begin in a small way with a snu 1 1 number < >f i» >\ s. They devised ami put to trial many plans for raising the money needed and met with the same number of discouraging failures, still they worked on hopefully ami with determination, and al no little personal sacrifice, almost three years without enlisting the active sympathy and help of any man and without getting a dollar in sight. \n appeal signed i>\ Judge Tuthill was printed in all of the great daily newspapers of < hicago and with one notable exception brought practically no response. After reading thai appeal in behalf of the unfortunate, neglected 129 -9 B C 130 boys, Mr. Samuel Allerton talked over the matter with his wife and asked her if sin- "did not think it would be a wise thing to spend some money in helping Judge Tuthill start thai home and school for poor boys." Her answer was. "you will never and a better place." Mr. Allerton senl for a reporter and announced thai be would qoI only give 1 » i -— World's Fair stock l>ut that he would i>ut 85,000.00 with it towards helping to buy the Land for the Home and School farm, and urgently called upon others to respond t<> the appeal as be h;nl dl nil-. Mr. Allerton at once invited about 50 public spirited men ti> dine with him at tin- Union League club, "to discuss a subject of public interest," ami after they had discussed a good dinner, in his characteristic, practical way. he in- vited all presenl to "come in on a good thing' 1 and they at once "came in" with a subscription aggregating nearly 820,000.00. At a subsequent meeting the field of efforl was widened and tin- general public was invited to "i-oinr in " and help in carrying tn a successful issue the firsl general movement ever undertaken in this state to provide for the proper care and training of neglected, delinquent boys. Mi - . Henry E. Weaver was made chairman id' the Committee mi Finance and under his enthusiastic Lead- ership, sustained by the united and uniformly em-dial and efficient editorial support of all the great daily newspapers of Chicago, the general public of all classes and conditions responded with subscriptions ranging in sum- Iron cents to 810,000.00 each, and the work of soliciting was actively pushed unti the total subscriptions aggregated nearly 8100,000.00. With tin- ample supply of the "sinews of war" in the hank, the acquisition of the most valuable in- stitutional farm belonging to any similar home and school in the United Mates, was simply a matter of selection and purchase. The St. diaries Home for Boys was formally opened by proclamation of Governor Yates. Dee. 15, L904, and received its first boy by commitment from Cook- county <>n the following day. The story of how the si. Charles Home and School for Boys happened to he is thus briefly told. It is indeed a short story but it tells how by persistent and determined effort on the part of a few. impelled only by duty to help tin- weak and helpless, this undertaking, the mosl important, tin- most promis of far reaching ami permanent good to society ami the state, has been brought to a successful issue. The mute appeal of the neglected, unfortunate boys in the jails throughout the State, has at last been heard in tile legislative halls of this great com- monwealth and has met with a cordial response. The work of saving the erring young citizens of the State for lives of use- fulness and honor has been auspiciously begun. The future usefulness of the St. Charles Home for Boys is assured. i:;i Main Building, Industrial Home for the B.ind. Chicago. Factory, Industrial Home for the Blind. Chicago. L32 Associations Caring fob Dependent, Neglected \m> Delinquent ( Ihildren. Since the date of the lasl biennial reporl in pursuance to section L3 of "An acl to regulate the treatmenl and control of dependent, neglected and delinquenl children,'' representatives <>t' \\\\> board have examined into the affairs of the following organizations, and the board has furnished them certificates for one year from date to the effect thai they are competent to receive children committed to their care b\ the courts. : Certificate. ■ lii-tir • ■ March n. 1903 Central Baptist • Irphanag I ■ i: l- Illinois Children's Home and A i < 1 Society April 2, 1903 . Amanda Smith Orphans Home Aug. 11, 1903 Illinois Manual Training ii 'I Farm Oct. 16, 1903 . Peoria County Industrial School for Girls Dec. 14, 1903 Springfield Home for the Friendli ss Dec. 19,1903 Home of tne Good Shepherd Industrial School for < i irl- Jan. 28,1901 The Chicago Industrial Home for Children Feb. 2. 1904. Orphanage ol the H<>1\ Child March 31, 1901 Illinois children's Home and Aid Society March 31, 1901 American Congregational I >eaci mess Assi iciatii in March 31. 1901 Chicago Orphan Asylum July 30. 1904 I n Mission 1904 The Evangelical Orphans' I lome ( ». i. 26, 1904 Centra] Baptist < trphanage No\ . II, 1904 Hudelson llonn.- 7629 Normal Ave., Chii - 79 I >earborn St.. Cbicag North Harvey ( Jlenwood Peoria Seventh St.. Springfield Peoria Woodstock Springfield 79 I ►earborn St., Chicago Do\ er 5120 South Park Ave., Chicago Kock Island Hoyleton Maywood h\\ in- The reports of the inspectors of associations and institutions are given in | '.ill ;is follows: Amanda Smiths' Industrial Orphans' Homi for Colored Children, 147th St., North Harvey, Cook Co., Ill [n&pected March 30, 1903. In pursuance to your instructions the Amanda Smiths' industrial Orphans' Home, located ;it liTtli street, North Harvey, Illinois, has been inspected and my reporl thereon is as follows: water u nnection with the buiimngs. I in- wain- supply is rroin a cistern and well. ' oal oil is used for lighting there being no gas or electric Lights. 'I'ln- buildings seem to be fairly well ventilated. Children are fed in our large dining room. Meal is furnished them twice a week. Children are received here from the Juvenile Courl of Cook County, but so far the county lias paid nothing for their support. Before children arc placed in I les the families taking them are thoroughly investigated i>y a representative of the orpans' borne. The age limit of children received bj ths h >m2 is from t > '.' t > 13 years. All the l:s:; children of school age attend the public schools. The younger children at- tend school two hours every day in the institution. The institution is supported by donations and from the proceeds of the sales of newspapers published by Mrs. Smith. Parents of children who are able to pay are charged $1.50 per week board for their children. The board of only four of the children is paid for at the present time. From inquiries made in Chicago your inspector is satisfied that this, in- stitution is worthy of support and recommends that the Secretary of State be advised to issue the incorporation papers, and that this board issue the usual certificate to the effect that the institution is competent to receive children committed to its care by the courts. American Bome Finding Association; Office, 167 Dearborn St., Chicago. Inspection Aug. 7. 1903. In accordance with your instructions an examination has been made into the affairs of the American Home Finding Association of Chicago, which applied to the State Commissioners of Public Charities for a certificate to the effect that it is competent to receive and care for children committed to its care by the courts, and my report thereon is as follows: The objects of the association, as shown in a copy of "Our Homes and Our Homeless," for July. 1903. the official publication of the society, are: "To provide carefully selected homes for children and youth, where they will receive the benefit of Christian home training and culture: to place mother and child in the same home, and thus secure for them home life without separation: to find employment and home protection for paroled prisoners and boys and girls who are graduates of industrial and reform schools, and for this purpose to secure the co-operation of churches, societies and institutions working in harmony with these objects.'' The publication also shows that it is supported by "free will offerings." and that "any individual, church or society paying into the treasury of the American Home Finding Association $50.00 may have a child received in their name.'' An examination of the financial books, which consist of a journal, cash book and ledger, was made, and they appear to be accurately kept as far as the entries and posting are concerned, but they do not show the actual financial condition of the association, inasmuch as indebtedness outstanding to the amount of $5,176.41 is not shown. The account of this indebtedness is kept in a small memorandum book, and so far as your visitor is able to learn, has never been included in any statement of liabilities published for the information of the public. These bills are for wages due. loans made to the association and various accounts of long standing. The explanation furnished with reference to this matter was that they did not care to show such a large indebtedness and they thought there was no harm in it. as the facts were known at all times to the Board of Directors. According to the trial balance exhibited by the association of its books, which was verified, and including the indebtedness not shown on the general books, and also $500.00, which is said to be due the association from the Cochran estate on account of a legacy, the financial condition appears to be: ASSETS. Cash $ 7:s 16 Due from Geo. K. Hoover 23 26 Due from Cochran estate (not on books; 500 00 Total assets $ 601 42 Deficit 5.882 41 $0,483 83 LIABILITIES. Bills payable (as shown on general books) 1,307 12 Bills payable (not shown on general booksl .">, 176 1 1 Total liabilities *6, )s:i s:j By referring to the annual statement, filed in your office on .Ian. 23, L902, you will find that there is considerable difference in the assets and liabilities, as shown on Jan. 1. 190:?. and the present time. The report shows thai the association bad total assets amounting to 127,124.03 and Liabilities aggregat- ing |1 1,250.00, which Indicated that there was a surplus of 112,874.93, while in fact the organization was insolvent. Prom all the information obtainable at the office <>f the association your visitor is led t<> believe that the statement filed in your office is not corn and that the financial statement published in the January, 1903, number of Our Hornet mid Homeless, » i i • t oot show the correct condition of the associa- t ion. The trial balance, referred t<> above, shows that from April l. L902, t<> Aug. l. L903, the collections were 110,812.00; expenses 15,243.25; agents 1 salaries ami commissions, 93,245.36, ami expenses of maintaining the borne for children, 199.38. My understanding is that the usual commission allowed collectors is :.(i per cent, which is exorbitant in the extreme for the amount of good accomplished. The source <>f revenue is from counties ami individuals fur taking children, board of children, donations, sale of papers by agents and subscriptions to the newspaper by mail. Upon inquiry your visitor finds that there was an agree- ment made with Mi-. Hoover, tin- former owner of tin- newspaper, ""/■ Homes mill Homeless, whereby be was to receive one-half of tin- profits <>f the enter- prise, but later it was decided t<> pay him Sin. on a month in lieu of all profits. The books show that hi' received on this account, from time to time in small amounts, approximately 1300.00, ami that for tin- past four months nothing- has been credited to this account. four attention is called to the fact that this association is having some difficulty with the Indiana State Hoard id' Charities. The trouble, it seems. is that the association has not tiled a bond to cove r the placement of children. SB required by the Statutes Of that state, and that the hoard has instituted Buit to compel it to do so. Accompanied by Captain Billingslea, the assistant superintendent, your vis- itor called at the Home for Children, maintained by the society at S5O0 Wood- lawn avenue. It is in charge of Mrs. Florence D. Andrus, matron. Nine children were presenl two boys and seven girls. Of this number seven were infants, ranging in age from seven weeks to ten months. They were well clothed and their appearance indicated good treatment. I'pon my arrival at the home some of the babies were extremely noisy, hut they Seemed to he liberally supplied with bottles of milk, and before leaving all were quiet. The matron lias only been in charge aboul a week and knows very little con- cerning the history of the children. She knew the first names of all. except one baby two months old. and no one about the place seemed to know its name. The association pay- 825 a month rent for the building. It is of brick con- struction and is heated by natural gas. The plumbing was reported to be in fair condition, except ttiat the matron complained of the inconvenience o! carrying water to the bath room, she also reported that when she took charge the beds were inhabited with vermin and that she is doing all in bel- li, in ci- to exterminate t hem. Upon inquiry your visitor was informed that some of tin' children presenl are what is known a- -charity" cases, and are taken into the home without remuneration, while others are boarded by their parents, who usually pay -in. mi a month, or whatever they can afford, children arc also taken from counties and individuals, who are usually given a contract relieving them from further responsibility in the matter by the payment of from 925.00 to 00 for each child. Manx of the children received by the society are illegitimate ami are Bur- rendered by their parents when they are young, which, in a majority of such cases, results in the death of the child from lack of proper nourishment. This appears to be what is called "Traffic in Infants." and. in my judgment, should not he practiced. \n organization engaged in this character ox busi- ness deserves hut little consideration at the hands of the public While in the office the assistant superintendent told me of a man who had just called to gel possession of one .if the babies, for which he had agreed to pay 850.00 to nave it taken by the society. He claimed that another home had been ad tor it a mi did not wish to pay the 850.00 The final settlement of this case has not been made. 135 There are serious doubts in my mind whether the placement of children is properly looked after by the Chicago office of the association. An instance is cited where five babies were sent to the Mennonite Orphanage, at New Lisbon, Ohio, during 1902. and inquiry developed the fact that whoever was in charge of that institution was expected to find homes for them. The records of the association show that three of the babies have died, the causes of their deaths being measles, cholera infantum and consumption. Babies are also taken away by a lady living in Rockford and are placed in families in that vicinity under the direction of the district superintendent. Mr. Smith, the general superintendent of the association, so I am informed, lives in Ottumwa. Iowa, and is not actively engaged in the work in Chicago, his duties being performed by Captain Billingslea. the assistant superin- tendent, assisted by Rev. Geo. K. Hoover, general field secretary and organizer. Concerning the stories of friction between former officers of the associa- tion and Mr. Hoover, and charges of mismanagement and counter charges too numerous to mention, which have come to my hearing. I have no com- ment to make. It is my opinion that the board of trustees is composed of many estimable gentlemen, who. if they know the nature of the business transacted by the society, would not hesitate to resign. In view of the fact that the officers of the association have published statements misrepresenting the financial condition to the public and to your office, which statements must have been used in soliciting funds, and taking into consideration the methods of administration and management, your visitor is not satisfied that it is competent to receive children committed to its care by the courts. It is therefore recommended that the certificate be denied. Note— At a meeting of this board held Oct. 15, 1903, representatives of the American Home Finding Association were heard upon the above report. At this time further consideration of the subject was postponed until a subsequent meeting to be called by the president of the board. On Jan. 26, 1904. the representatives of this association again appeared before the board and were heard. The matter was again postponed until Feb. 8. 1904, when it was finally settled by the unanimous vote of the board which declined to issue the certificate applied for. The record of the minutes of the board is as follows: "The board took under consideration the petition of the American Home Finding Associa- tion for the issuance of a certificate to receive children under the Juvenile Court Act. After a discussion of the arguments presented by the officers and attorneys for the association, together with the report of the representative of the State Board, and facts presented by others against the association, the board declined to grant a certificate." Central Baptist Orphanage. Maywood. Cook County. Iuc, April 1, 1904. Pursuant to your instructions. I went to Chicago, for the purpose of in- specting the Central Baptist Orphanage, located in Maywood. Cook county. I called at the residence of Dr. James P. Thorns. 640 North Hoyne avenue, sec- retary of the Orphanage, and found that he would not be there until that evening. The next morning Dr. Thorns called up by telephone and informed me that that they were now moving the furniture of the Orphanage from 7631 Normal avenue, to Maywood. and that the children were scattered in families all over the city of Chicago He suggested that the inspection of the Home be postponed for at least a month. Pending this inspection, it is recommended that the certificate to the effect that the institution is competent to receive children committed to its care by the courts, be withheld. Central Baptist Orphanage, Maywood. Ii.i,. — Inspected Oct, 27, r.mi. Application having been received from the Central Baptist Orphanage for the renewal of your certificate to receive and care for dependent children committed by the courts, under your instructions I visited the home of this association, located at Maywood. The Orphanage occupies a beautiful place which was formerly the home of Col. Edwin Norton, but is now owned by the Central Baptist Orphanage. It occupies spacious grounds enclosed by an or- namental iron fence, the grounds being in blue grass lawn with drive ami granitoid walks through it. The building is spacious, being a three-story frame with stone and brick foundation and basement. The interior is beau- tifully finished in hard woods. Every feature about the place is modern. 136 The tc.ii.-t and bathing facilities are ample, there being five separate bath tubs. Bach Bleeping r a is furnished i>y some separate Baptist church or society. The bedding is good, clean, and sufficient. The children are well bhed, well fed, ami are receiving the besl of care. All hut three of those now present are attending the public schools, the three not attending being under school age Boys under eighl and girls under ten years of ag« ceived at tin- home without regard to color, nationality or previous religious instruction. There are at the presenl time 15 boys ami 12 girls in the home. I have no hesitancy in stating that this society or association well merits the approval and certificate of the Mate Hoard of Charities. Chicago Orphan a-ii.i m, 5130 Soi i ■ r Park Avexue, Chi< \«.m. I s$pi cted March 28, 1904. In accordance with instructions, on March 88, your inspector visited the Chicago Orphan Asylum, located at 5120 South Park avenue, in the city of Chicago, which institution had applied for a certificate from tins board to the effect that it is competent and has adequate facilities to care for children committed to its care hy the courts, and the report thereon is as follows; I m orpoh \ iio\ This institution was incorporated by special act of the at ure in 1 M'.i. OBJl I i Its object is to protect, relieve, educate and provide means of sup- port and maintainance for orphans and destitute children. Mi \\s OF Si RPOR1 The report of this institution for the year ending Dec. l. L903, shows that the organization is entirely free from debt, and that it is necessary to raise 810.000.00 yearly by contributions for its maintenance. Bach child in the home costs about $100 a year for its support. The man- agement estimates the expenses of maintaining the work for the present year a1 124,000.00. They have an income from endowments and real estate amount- ing to $7,000.00, and receive from board of children about $7,000.00. This yeilds little over one-half of the amount necessary for the \\>>rk. Parents who can afford it. pay $1.50 per week for the board of their children. Bi iii'iM.s They are designed to accommodate 250 children, in my opinion they are up to date in every particular. In the construction of them, the question Of light was give considerable attention. Their sanitary condition is excellent. Money has not been spared in making this one of the model institutions Of its kind in the State. Your visitor can frankly say that he has uever visited an institution of this kind that was better equipped. The floors, stairways, and walls were scrupulously clean, ami everything about the place gave evidence of good management. The kitchen was exception- ally clean. The food which was being prepared for dinner was examined and it is ample ami of good quality. Nttrseri In this department your visitor witnessed sixteen children about two years of ape eating their dinner. They all seemed to have plenty to eat and from appearance the lady attendant in charge was giving them the besl ■ if care. Dormitories The dormitories contain iron bedsteads with brass tops ami are supplied with good mattresses and bedding. Bach bed is covered with a white spread. The sleeping apartments all presented a creditable appearance. ChILDRI \ At the date of visitation, there were about 1 T.~> children present. Of this number, aboul 115 were- boys, ami 60 wen- p-irls.. Eighl of the children have heeii committed here by the Juvenile court. The ape limit for hoys is ten years, and for girls twelve years. All of school age attend scl in the building. Your visitor n minemls that the certificate applied for be furnished. Deaconess 1 Home, Dover, Illinois Inspecteh April \. 1904, In accordance with instructions your inspector called upon lion. Thomas i MacMillian. President of the American Congregational Deaconess' Associa- tion of Chicago, and made inquiries concerning said association. Tin' hcaconcss' Home, which is located at Dover Illinois, is an adjunct of this association and has received children committed to its care by the courts. L37 Mr. MacMillian informed me that there are probably eight children presenl in the home that have been so committed. The description of the home furnished me is its follows: It is a three story brick building with several acres of finely situated and beautifully shaded grounds in Dover, near Princeton. Bureau County, Illinois. It is used as a rest home for Deaconess' as well as for other purposes, such as the care of children who may be placed in charge of the association and in need id' its shelter. The association has been incorporated under the laws of this State. From all the information obtainable your visitor is satisfied that tin- as- sociation is competent to receive and care for children committed to its care by the courts. It is therefore recommended that the certificate applied for be furnished. (Ikrmax Evangelical Orphans' Home. Hoyleton, III., Inspected, Aug. 5. 1904. In accordance with instructions, your inspector went to Hoyleton this day and inspected the German Evangelical Orphans' Home of Hoyleton. 111., and begs leave to report thereon as follows: The Home is situated on one block of ground. It is a frame building of about 25 rooms. The entire house is now being painted outside. The object of the institution is to care for and educate orphan children until they are 18 years of age. There were 44 children present. 22 boys and 22 girls. Of those present, one was a baby ten months old. None of the children present have been com- mitted by the courts. The institution is supported by board of children charged to parents who can afford to pay. and donations from churches in Illinois and Indiana. School is held in the building all the year, except one and a half months. The children attend the Zion Church Sunday school. The water supply is from one well and four cisterns and seems to be ample. There is a bath room in the basement, but as there are no modern conveni- ences, the water has to be carried to the tub. The water closets are outside. The sexes are separated in different ends of the building. The building was formerly used as a college. Ten years ago it was opened as an orphan asylum. It has been under the present management about a year. It is recommended that the certificate applied for to the effect that the insti- tution is competent and has adequate facilities to care for children committed to its care by the courts, be issued. Home of the Good Shepherd, Indttstheax School for Girls, Cor. Stare AND FABDY StS., PEOKIA — INSPECTED DEC. 18. 1903. Pursuant to your instructions, your visitor has this day made an examina- tion into the affairs of the Home of the Good Shepherd Industrial School for Girls, located at the corner of Starr and Fardy streets, Peoria, which made application for a renewal of its certificate to receive children committed to its care by the courts. There were 103 inmates present. Of this number. 75 were reform girls, and 28 children. Since the last visit, the new addition has been completed at a cost of $35.- 000.00. The institution still owes about §15.000.00 of this amount. The sanitary condition of the floors, ceilings and walls is good. The beds were examined and found to be clean and comfortable. The Mother Superior reported the plumbing to be in perfect condition. A new sewer is now being built at a cost of $1,600.00. The dining rooms were in good condition. The inmates are required to bathe once a week. Only six of the children in this institution have been committed by the courts. The counties usually pay $10.00 a month for their support, but two only pay $5.00. This institution is still doing good work and is worthy of the support of the public. It is therefore reommended that the certificate be renewed. L3ti BUDLESOK BOME, EWING, Ii.uxoi- INSPECTED NfOV, I. 1904. The Budelson Home, a Baptist Orphanage, Located at Ewing, Illinois, was inspected today in accorduace with yonr instructions. Its object is to provide a temporary home f<>r children irrespective <>f birth and to place them in temporary or permanent family homes as rapidly as ]>< issi ble. The work of the home is now carried on in a rented house in Ewing, but arrangements have been made to pn1 up a suitable building on a 10 acre site about a mile north <>f Ewing. The site lias been donated by Mr. J. II. Gibbs, an the amount <>f 110,000 by Mr. William Sndelson. aboul one-half of which has been paid to the manage- ment thereof. In building the new institution it is the intention of the management to follow the cottage plan. Each cottage is to accommodate about 25 children. Stone for tin- foundation of the first building has been donated, and the neeessary hriek has been burned, and the management expects to start the building next spring. The present building contains eight rooms with no modern improvements. It is in had repair, the walls need papering and the woodwork needs paint- ing. The building throughout seemed to be clean but lacked furniture. Only two of the rooms, the sitting room and dining room were carpeted. The matron informed your visitor that rugs would he furnished for the bed rooms. There seems to lie a lack of facilities for heating the house. The house only contained two stoves, one in the kitchen ami one in the sitting room. Your visitor was informed that additional stoves would be purchased, and that drums would he placed in the bed rooms. The matron informed me that the usual bill of fare for the children was as follows: breakfast Cereals, bread and butter and milk Dinner — Meat, potatoes and other vegetables, supper — Bread, butter, sauce and milk. The number of children present today was 10. Seven of that number were boys, and three girls. The oldest child is a girl of l.'i years of age. and the youngest is a hoy two years old. Two of those present have been committed here by the courts. The institution was incorporated about a year ago last June. It is sup- ported by voluntary contributions and the endowment above mentioned. The home is in charge of Miss Alice M . Gribbs, matron, who receives a salary of JlOO per year. She seemed to he well qualified for the position and no doubt is doing good work. StTout visitor is of the opinion that the building in use at the present time as a home is not suitable to care for the children, but as the management expects to have a modern building next year, it is recommended that the certificate applied for he furnished. 1 1 .i.i M>is Children's Home \ m> Am Soi n: 1 1 ; Offk e 79 l m uiborh St., Chi- • M.o — l wspi i Hi' April i . 1904. 'in March 28, L904, in pursuance to your instructions, your visitor called at the office of the Illinois Children's Home ami Aid Society in Chicago for the purpose of examining into their affairs. The report thereon is as follows; BnGLEWOOD Ni BSERI The Knglcwood Nursery. Located at 6516 Prairie ave- nue, which is used by this society for the temporary care of children before they are placed out. was \\y^\ inspected. Then' were I s inmates present, -even girls and 11 hoys. The nursery was not crowded, the capacity of the ame being 2 5 children, infants are no longer cared for here, but are boarded in private families. The matron reports that there has hecn no epidemic 'luring the past year. and thai it has only been necessary to call the doctor seven or eight times during t he w inter. inmates are required to bathe once a week, and oftener it necessary. The food furnished is ample and of good quality; the sanitary condition of the building is fairly good and the inmates appeared to be sufficiently clothed. Ml the clothes, except the shoes, arc donated by charitably in- clined people. 189 Inspection of Hooks — Every opportunity was given to inspect the books and records kept in the office. The trial balance of the ledger was verified and found to be correct, with the exception of a mistake of $1.00. This error had not been located by the bookkeeper. From all the information obtaina- ble your inspector is led to believe that the money received has been properly accounted for. Aid Department — This is one of the most importment departments of the society. It takes up for consideration, any case presented. First it makes inquiry and endeavors to accomplish what should be done. There are three people employed in this department, and the others give part of their time to the work. The department deals with incorrigible children. "A" by advice. "B" by supervision. "C" by commitment to institutions through the Juvenile court. It also deals with infirm children by securing medical care, nursing, or hospital treatment. It looks after defective children by securing commit- ment to State institutions, or care in some other way. It frequently secures temporary care for children while parents are in temporary distress. It finds boarding places for children which the association recommends, and parents pay for board either through the society or direct. Illegitimate Children — Under the head of illegitimate children, the society arranges if necessary for the care of the mother before and during confinement, and for mother and child after confinement. It takes steps if possible to require the father to support the mother and child, and insists on the mother nursing the child if possible. It provides for the admission of the the mother and baby either to an institution, or better, by securing em- ployment for the mother with child at wages from six to 12 dollars per month. Juvenile Court — Probation officers are furnished by the society in the Juvenile court of Cook county for dependent cases. During the year 1903. 72 children were received from the Juvenile court of Cook county, and nothing has been received by the society for their support. Placing Out and Visitation of Children — The superintendent informs me that the society employs a visitor who spends most of his time in visiting children, investigating homes, and placing them out. Children are placed in homes on a three months trial, and then the home is visited by a representa- tive of the society who makes a report on the same. Numerous reports are required with reference to the children placed out, copies of which are fur- nished as follows: application blank. Conditions. 1. Applicants for children are expected to be kind hearted. Sabbath ob- serving and church going people. They must be in such financial circum- stances and sustain such social relations as to give the child good advantages and at least a common school education. 2. The child is sent on 90 days trial, at the end of which time if it is to be removed, it may be at the expense of the Society: before or after 90 days the removal must be at the expense of the applicant. 3. In no case shall a child be given away to the third party without the written consent of the Society. 4. Unless the child is legally adopted foster parents will make reports when requested, on blanks to be furnished by the Society. 5. It is to be hoped that the child will be legally adopted: but adoption pa- pers cannot be taken out until the written consent of the Society is given. If the child is not legally adopted it is to remain under the control of the So- ciety. 6. The application must be filled out with ink, signed by both husband and wife. TWO COPIES SHOULD BE MADE: one to be retained by the family making the application, the other sent to the State Superintendent, either by mail or through the agent instrumental in securing the application. 7. In order to protect the interests of the children placed in our charge, it is necessary in all cases to make careful inquiries, and to have an agreement duly executed and approved before delivering the child. 1 1" To 'I'm Iii ixois i iin i'Ki s - Home un> Aii> So< ii \\. 801 Unity Building. Chicago, [llinois. We have carefully read the above conditions and signify our concurrence therein by making the following application: ' L9 Husband nam-' Vge < Occupation Wife's name Vge Occupation Post office County SI I Residence Street, or -•.-. SThal is your nearesl railroad station? < in what R. l; How far • • and number. I l>.i you own your own home, or other real estate? Members of your family, (state age and sex) Do you keep a hired man'.' Do you keep a hired girl? Ho you take in boarders, temporary or permanent? \if there invalids or aged persons in your family? (State age and conditio 1 1. . you belong to the church? What denomination? If not. what church do you attend? Society is frequently asked to place children in families of a certain denominat anil does SO a- far a- possible.) Name ami address of your pastor Mow far are you from school? How far from church Name a person near the station .\ ho will receive the child for you? Will you pay the expense of sending the child to you? \\ lia! is your objed in taking a ehilil? Do you w ani a hoy or girl? \ge it Jive largest limit possible.) iiive the name- ami addresses of at least three responsible persons who know you ami to whom we can write for recommendations We hereby agree to receive such a child as we have described, ami to give it good advantages, to semi it to school as required by law. ami to faithfully provide for its well being, physical, mental ami moral, in all respects a- if it was our awn child; ami we further agree that we will report in writing t<> the superintendent, on blanks furnished by the Society, when requested, unless the child shall he legally adopted by us. if. at any time, in the judg- ment of the Society, it should be for the best interests of the child, we will promptly ret urn t he child to the care of the Society at our expense, unless the child shall have been previously legally adopted. Signed: Husband. Signed: Wife. LETTER MAKING INQUIRl \ l.ol l \ i-ri n \ \ l - \ n i • I ill II: HO Chicago I >ear Friend Mr. and Mr- have applic I to this -i iciet \ for a \\e desire to learn something of the social, moral ami financial standing of this family. To that end I send the within recommendation blank, which please till out. sign and return to this office. Please paj particular attention to 'remarks." as l wish to know something in regard to the spirit of the home. 'Sour communication will he regarded as strictly confidential; ami if you so requesl will he returned to you. Thanking you in advance for the favor. I am. Vmiis respect fully. . i wrt. Sni>t. 141 recommendation hi. an k. Illinois Children's Bome and Aid Society, 79 Dearborn street. Chicago, 111. Dear Sirs — In reply to vonr letter of inquiry concerning of '.....' I would state that I have personally known them years. They are aged about Their family consists of (state age and sex) *The habits of their children (if any) are *Their standing in the community as to honesty, morality and trustworthi- aess is In education and intelligence they are He is a member of church. (or) He is a regular attendant of church. Does he use liquor? His occupation is She is a member of church. (or) She is a regular attendant of church. Their habits as to Sabbath observance and church attendance are They are distant from church miles; from day school miles: from railroad station miles. Their property is worth as least $ and the home they occupy as to comfort and convenience is *As to their fitness for the purpose of training a child I would say Signed Date 190 REPORT OF HOMES INVESTIGATED. By District Superintendent. (This report is made before the children^arejplaced out.) Name of applicant and wife Street and munber. or county'.' P. O Husband"s age? Nationality? Occupation? Salary, j'fany? 8 What education has he? Is he intellgent?. . . . Does he speak English? Is he trustworthy? Is he frugal? Has he a good moral character? Is he industrious? Is he kind and gentlemanly in his family Is he kind to his stock Is he just and Considerate to his employees? What is his temperament? Is he of a kind and happy disposition? Is he generous and liberal minded? Does he control his t ember? Is he a member of any church? If so. what church? Does he attend regularly and does he take an active part in the church work? Has he been previously married, if so. did his first wife or wives die? Was he ever divorced, if so. when, where, and by whom was the divorce procured, by himself or his wife? Does he use intoxicating liquors; if so. to what extent? Does he use profane or vile language? Is he neat in his personal appearance? Does he pay his bills promptly? Is he and has he been * Please give special attention to this question . ! !2 prosperous in his business? How many children have been born to tin- family? How many are living? How many are Living at borne? Do you consider thai be will be a g 1 foster parenl and will ;t child under his influence be likely to !><•< i«- :i good citizen? Wife's age? Nationality? Whal education has she? I- she intelligent? Does she speak English? \Vh;it his her disposition? I- she inclined to be fault- finding? Dues she use intoxicating liquor? Is she a woman oi ' L r < »<«! moral character? What is her temperament? Does she control her temper? Cs she neal and orderly i n her personal appearance? I* 1 "-" she Bee m to be painstaking in her work? If she is the support .if the family, what is her occupation? Income I Has she property in her own right? I> she a member of any church, if so, what church? Does she attend with reasonably regularity and take an active part in the church work? ' I lui's she and her husand live haj i] iilv together? Is this her firsl husband Was she ever divorced, if so. when, where, and by whom was the divorce procured, by herself or her husband? Do you consider that she would be a good foster parent? What reputation does the family bear in the neighborhood? The Home I ><■ they own the home, <>r other property? [f so, value f ... . Is it mortgaged If so. amount, 8 No. of acres in farm or premises? No. of rooms in House'.' Condition of the house as to: Cleanliness? < >rder? Comfort Appearance of house, yard, barn, etc What newspapers taken? I ha racter of books? Pictures, etc ( rive general impression- and recommendations , Signi ,\ the society as strictly confi- dential, and. if you s<> request, will hi- returned to you. i 143 REPORT OF visit TO A WARD OF TIIK SOCIETY. Name of child Age Date of visit When placed With whom placed P. O. address Residence Distance and direction from nearest railroad station Has family removed? Present address Condition of child, as to: Health Clothing Manners Is the child obedient? Helpful? Happy? Kind of work done by child? What bad habits, if any? Does the child go regularly to church? Sunday school? Day School? Number of weeks in school past year Name and address of pastor Name and address of school teacher Condition of the home, as to: Cleanliness Order Comfort Appearance of house, barn. yard, etc What newspapers taken? Character of books? Pictures, etc. ? Observe relation between child and foster parents: Affectionate? Confidential? Is the home adapted to the child? School teacher's testimony, if any. as to: Clothing' Care Training General observations as to: Condition and welfare Have you any recommendations to the society? What suggestions, if any. were made to foster parents? Signed . Dated Address SUGGESTIONS RELATIVE To VISITING CHILDREN. We desire to have each of our wards visited at least yearly by a represen tative of the society. These visits are not intended to be inquisitorial, but friendly visits to the child and the foster parents. The blanks furnished are intended to guide the visitor as to the information desired. These blanks need not necessarily be shown, but may be filled out later, if thought best. Most of the information can be obtained by conver- sation, without direct questions. In the case of children legally adopted, the society has no right of visitation, but foster parents seldom object. Care should be taken not to assume author- ity, nor to betray to others or to the child facts which the foster parents may prefer not to reveal. In the case of children on trial or indenture, the society has both the right and the duty of visitation, but its attitude is strictly friendly. The visitor is expected to ascertain that the child is kindly and fairly treated, has school privileges, church privileges, etc. In case there is reason to suspect unkind or unjust treatment the presump- tion always is that the foster parents are trying to do right, unless there is evidence to the contrary. Sometimes, malicious or hostile people circulate unfounded rumors. In case of such suspicion, it is usually best to deal frankly with the foster parents and to hear their side of the case. In rare cases it may be best to ask for a private interview with the child, which should be strictly confidential, or it may be best to interview the minister, the day school teacher or some discreet neighbor: but great care must be taken not to make mischief instead of stoping it. Write legibly — especially names: use ink if convenient, otherwise a hard pencil. Use additional sheets if necessary, same size. Additional blanks will be furnished on request. Hastings H. Haul State Superintendent. 1 1 IXFOKMATION v- l" llll. ADOPTION Ol < II I l.inil.v Wards of the Illinois < hildren's Home and Aid Society. Terms Upon Which tin- Society Will Consent to the Adoption. l. It 16 the desire of the society thai children should t>c legally adopted at tin- expiration of the trial period, except for special reasons. ["he proposal to adopt a child must have the approval in writing of tin- superintendent of the distrid in which the adoptive parents reside, if there be such superintendent. His approval must be based upon hi- personal knowledge of the adoptive parents of the child and of the circumstances favor- ing its adoption as proposed. It there be no such district superintendent, there must be furnished to the society a liln. t. In every case the certificate should be full in its statement of facts bo that the society ••;in form a proper conclusion to the propriety and desirability of tin- adoption. A form "t' such certificate will be furnished. Legal Requirements. l. In the adoption of children — wards of the society- -the terms of the fol- lowing laws are t<> be observed, vis: •The act to revise the law in relation to the adoption of children," (Approved Feb. 27, 1874,); "To regulate the treat- ment and control of dependent, neglected and delinquent children." Approved April 21, 1899. The petition and proceedings must conform to the first of these acts, . tcepi us tin sunn is modified by ftu latter act For the purpose of bringing the case within the terms of the latter act, it will he well to have the petition state the necessary facts; as: That said child was by an agreement entered into on (giving tin- dale between the parents of the child (or whoever enters into the same) and the society, by which the eh i Id was surrendered to the society, in which agreement the society is authorized, by its attorney <>r agent, to appear in any proceeding for its legal adoption and consent to its adoption, the agreement of surrender being made an exhibil ; or: i/h that the child, being dependent or neglected, was. by an order duly made and entered in the court (giving date) committed to the .-are of th<- Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society as a dependent child (the order of the court committing the child being made an exhibit). I. In either case the petition should further state that said societj is incorporated under the laws of Illinois for the purpose .>f aiding, careing for and placing in home- dependent and neglected children, ami is duly approved as provided in an ait entitled: "An ait to regulate the treatment and control • •I dependent, neglected and delinquent children." ami that is the superintendent ami agent of said society, and duly authorized t<> appear and act in its behalf. It is nt the utmost importance that the petition should set forth all jurisdictional facts, and that the decree of adoption should find that each and all of such tacts (stating them) were proved. 8. The proceedings should he conducted by a competent attorney. 7. As -,.,,n a- the decree of adoption is made, please advise the society at once, in order thai our records ina\ show the lad. \,lilress. Illinois (hildren's Home and Aid Society. , 9 I »earln urn St., ( hie, The superintendent also informed me that the children in demand for adoption are girls from two to live yeaTS ot Ni w York Jvvenili Asylum During the pasi year the society has made a contract with the New York Juvenile Asylum for caring for and placing 145 out children in Illinois. There are now about three hundred children from New York who are looked after hy this society. The contract provides thai 100 children shall be placed by the society in one year. For many years the Juvenile Society lias maintained an agency at Chicago for the care and supervision of its wards. The agency was assumed by the Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society in October. 1903. Finances of the Society — The following financial statement for the two years 1902 and 1903. has been furnished by the superintendent. Financial Statement for the Tiro Years. 1902 and 1903. IXCOMK. From donations, Cook county.. From donations, miscellaneous. Total donations. From counties for care of children From friends, etc., for care of children . From miscellaneous receipts Total income. EXPENSES. Salaries, office Salaries, field. Total salaries. Traveling: expenses, officers and children . Postage, printing and etc Children's Home Finder Board of children Miscelleanous expenses ...... Total expense. Xet deficit. . . Xet Surplus. LIABILITIES AXD ASSETS, Liabilities. Xote at bank Due employes Miscellaneous accounts payable Total liabilities. Cash Assets Liabilities above cash assets PER MAX EXT ASSETS. Middleworth Home i including furniture i Kantoul Home I including furniture) DuQuoin Home (including furniture) Office furniture, stationery, etc FOR THE Year. 1902 $11,995 19,300 31,295 2, 399 1,414 16 $35, 124 $ 7,020 11,596 $18, 616 4,682 2, 757 560 9,277 1,430 $37,322 $2,198 $1,000 4, 524 3,716 $9, 240 2, 240 $7,000 $9,269 5, 772 260 497 Total permanent assets $1">, 798 Add cash assets I as above i 2, 240 Grand total assets j $18. 038 Deduct total liabilities (as above I 9,240 Xet assets, above liabilities 1903 $14,344 22.087 36, 431 3,470 1,490 74 $41,475 $ 7,489 12,211 $19, 700 5, 237 4,599 889 8, 756 1,703 $40. 884 $581 $4,041 3, 529 $7,570 1.010 $6,560 $9,229 5,864 260 586 $15,939 1,010 $16,949 7,570 {9, 379 Your inspector is also informed that the commission plan of collecting donations has been entirely abolished, and that the agents and employes are paid straight salaries. You will notice in the foregoing table that the amount of salaries of officers and agents is almost one-half of the income. 10 BC 1 Lti This is not surprising when you consider the amount of labor required in looking after the children, finding and investigating homes, and keeping the records of the office. You will also notice thai apparently only ;i small pro- portion of the expense is used for the support of children, while in fact they gel the benefil of the efforts of agents and employes in securing homes where they gel board free of cosl to the society. The society has now over 2,000 wards which are cared for in family homes. Estimating the annual cost for caring for each child at 1100, the total expense would be 5300,000. The man- agemenl of this society considers thai this amounl is saved through the efforts of their employes and agents, and therefore thai tin- expenses are nol as high in proportion to the receipts as they appear. It is recommended thai tin- certificate applied for the effect that this society is < tpetenl to receive children committed to its can- by the courts be granted. Illinois M \ \ i \\ Training School Farm, Glenwood, Cook < oi \ i \ . I it.. — lN-ri « i i;i. AUG. s. [903. The inspection of the 1 1 1 i 1 1 < » i — Manual Training School Farm, at Glenwood, Cook county, 111., has been made as per your instructions, and my report t hereon is as toil, »ws: The school is Located 24 miles from I hicago on the Chicago Terminal Trans- fer railroad and on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, [ts Chicago office is at 1 1 3 Ada (ii— si reet. The institution consists of 14 substantially constructed brick buildings, ar- ranged in a semi-circle, with the administration building, which is imposing in appearance, in the center. All the buildings arc heated by steam, arc lighted with electricity, and gas is furnished by plant- belonging to the in- stitution. A well equipped Laundry has been provided. The well kept lawn is beautifully decorated with beds of blooming plants, and everything aboul the grounds indicates that they are carefully looked after. The sanitary condition of the floors, ceilings, walls and plumbing is excep- tionally good and will compare favorably with the state institutions under the jurisdiction of the hoard. The l>eds arc models of cleanliness, special care iieinjr taken to keep them in good condition. The mattresses are made Ol IiiisUn with cotton tops. Tin' ventilation of the rooms is all that could be desired. The superintendent reports that the general health of the inmates is good. lie -ays he has not had a sick- hoy in seven months and but one death in the last t hree years. The institution has a Library of aboul 3,500 volumes. The school building has four rooms, and two rooms in the manual training building are used for school purposes. Each room is in charge of a lady teacher, who lives in the Cottages with t he hoys. The cottages were originallj designed for 30 boys, hut now contain ;i. There are 300 present in the institution, which is the full capacity. The superintendent reports thai the institution now has aboul 500 boys placed out a nd that their representative visits t hem once a year. If the institution could afford the extra expense it might he well to hire some additional help so that these visits could he made more flc.plcnt a lid thus keep in closer touch with the boys. All clothing is purchased, no second-hand wearing apparel being used There is ample tire protection. There is a -tandpipc in the main building which is connected with a line of hose to all the cottages. The farm contains 300 acres. Forty cows and 50 horses arc kept. The hoys make all the butter used at the institution. They also manufacture all the shoes worn h\ llit- boys, as well as several other articles for market. The hooks of the institution arc kept in the city office. They seem to he c plete. The statement of the assets ami Liabilities, dated April 30, L903, tiled iii your office, was verified with the ledger and found to agree. Your inspector takes pleasure iii recommending that the certificate applied for he issued, to the etl'ect that the institution is compel cut to receive and can- for children committed to its care li\ the courts. 147 Jefferson Training School fob Boys, L73 Washington Street, Chn lgo Inspected Sept. L2, L904. Pursuant to instructions your inspector made inquiry concerning the appli- cation of Edith Locke, and others, to incorporate the Jefferson Training- School for Boys, located at 17:2 Washington street. Chicago. He went to this address, both on East and West Washington street, but failed to find anyone who knew of such a home. Jefferson Training School fob Boys. Irving Park, III. — Inspected Oct. 23, 1904. Articles of incorporation having been filed for a Training School for Boys, to be located at Irving Park, of which Mrs. Edith W. Locke and others were to be the incorporators. I beg to state that due and careful investigation was made by your secretary on October 23d. as to the ability and facilities of such association to carry on the work, and the following conclusions were reached: Mrs. Edith W. Locke, who is the prime mover in this association and in fact the sole mover, is herself a woman of limited means, being obliged to work by the month for the support of herself and her twin children four years of age. When asked what suggested the idea of this work to her. she stated that it would afford a better means of caring for her own children. She relies mainly for the needed funds to carry on the work upon the Friends Church, and estimates the receipts from this source at 8700.00 or 8800.00 per year. I cannot believe that this sum together with her own limited means, of which she advised me personally, would in any way near meet the require- ments of the Avork of this character. I am unable therefore to recommend that the State Board of Charities approve articles of incorporation to the pro- posed association. Orphanage of the Holy Child. 220 East Adams St., Springfield. III. Inspected Feb. 2. 1904. In accordance with your instructions the inspection of the Orphanage of the Holy Child, located at No. 220 East Adams street, in this city, was made today. There were 16 inmates present. All girls under 16 years of age. All attend the public school. Bathing rules are rigidly enforced, the inmates being required to bathe at least once a week. The institution is supported by the Episcopal churches, and by individual subscriptions. The parents of the children pay what they can for their sup- port. The sanitary condition of the floors, ceilings and walls is fairly good, con- sidering that the house is old. The plumbing was reported to be in good shape. The ventilation, which is by windows and doors, seems to be ample. The house contains 22 rooms. Its capacity is 24 inmates. The heating system has been changed to hot water, which is furnished by the People's Hot Water Heating and Electric company. This seems to give good satisfaction. The superintendent reported that the health of the inmates was good and that they had had no recent epidemics. This institution was founded in 1880 by Bishop Seymour of Springfield. 111. It was adopted as the provincial institution at the regular synod of the province of Illinois on Nov. 11. 1884. It is now under the diocese of Chicago, Quincy and Springfield. The superintendent. Rev. A. DeRosset. has promised to furnish an annual statement which will be placed on file in your office. Your visitor has nothing but praise for the management of this institution. and respectfully recommends that a certificate be issued to the effect that it is competent to" receive children committed to its care by the courts. Peoria County Industrial School for Girls, 1503 North Madison St.: Peoria. Inspected July 30. 1903. Accompanied by Dr. Jayne. president of the board, your inspector visited the Peoria County Industrial School for Girls, located at L503 North Madison street, and made "the inspection as per your instructions. The report thereon is as follows: 1 1- The institution was incorporated April 30, L802, and commenced business the same date. There are 33 children presenl in the school 32 girls and one boy. The building occupied is a dwelling house aboul 30 years < ► 1 * I . Its sanitary condition seems to be fairly g L iron bedsteads with cotton mattresses are in use and the beds appear to be clean and comfortable. The ventilation seems to be sufficient, except in the dining room. Mrs. Jennie Waterhouse, the secretary, who is in charge, says the plumbing is all in good shape, bnl reports the furnace in bad condition. Children ;i t>- required t < > bathe once a week, and oftener it uecessary. All clothing worn by the children is donated. Complainl has been made by several members of tin- board of supervisors of Peoria county thai children are nol placed in bomes as promptly as they should be. The claim that the 110 a month which is paid by the county for the support of each child is ;m inti ucciuciit to the officers of tin- home tc made to place the y iris from the institu- tion in suitable homes: that it feds that some have been kept in the institution much Longer than was for their good. RlVEH FOBESI BOME TRAINING SCHOOL FOB BOYS, RlVEB FoBEST, III. Ln8PB< ti:i> OCTOBEB 84, L904. A requesl having been received from Mr. John .1. Campbell, Superintended of the River I'orest Nome Training School for Hoys, for information as to the requirements for receiving the approval of the state Board of Charities for incorporation and their certificate to receive dependent and delinquent children, your secretary visited the River Foresl Home on Monday, Oct. 24. \t the presenl time the home is receiving only paid pupils. They are re- ceived, hoarded anil taught the elementary common school hranches at the home, a teacher being employed. I have not before visited a home where the surroundings were Less inviting than here. Then- seemed to he no effort at order or cleanliness. The superintendent explained that they were housecleaning at the time, and 1 saw that they were calcimining two of the rooms, which of course caused some disorder, hut the rooms which were not being repaired were in almost as untidy condition. I advised the superin- tendent that no action would lie taken hy our hoard at this time, hut a future visit would lie made. At 1 he present time, however. 1 cannot recom- mend the approval of the board to articles of incorporation. 149 Springfield Home fob the Friendless, 1,300 South Seventh Street, Springfield, III. — Inspected December 12. 1903. In accordance with your instructions an examination into the affairs of the Springfield Home for the Friendless has been made, and my report thereon is as follows: Accompanied by Col. Henry Davis, president of the board of directors of this institution, your visitor called at the home. There were 47 inmates present. Of this number 29 were boys. 17 girls, and one. an old lady who has been in the institution for a number of years. Forty of the children attend the public school, and eight are infants. Since the last visit several improvements have been made. New floors have been laid in the old building and the plumbing pvit in first-class condi- tion. A new building is in course of construction. It contains three stories and a basement. The capacity of the institution is now 75 inmates. When the new building is completed it will be increased to 150. The institution is not crowded, the foxirth story being scarcely occupied. The institution is supplied with iron bedsteads with cotton mattresses and good clean bedding. The food furnished is abundant and of good quality. Meat is furnished once a day. The children are required to bathe once a week, and oftener if necessary. The clothing is sufficient. Some of it is donated by the charitably in- clined people of Springfield, but most of it is purchased by the management of the home. The institution is now receiving children committed to its care by the Juvenile Court. At present there are 15 who have thus been committed. The Counts' of Sangamon last year paid $2,500 towards the support of the home. Private parties are charged board for the children if they can afford to pay it. Your visitor recommends that the certificate applied for to the effect that the institution is competent to receive children committed to its care by the courts, be furnished. St. John's Home, 2981 Grand Avenue, Chicago — Inspected Aug. 6. 1903. At your request an examination into the affairs of the St. John's Home. which applied to the Secretary of State for incorporation papers, has been made and my report thereon is as follows: Understanding that the home was located at 33 Wisconsin street, your in- spector went there and found the house vacant, hut. upon inquiry, was di- rected to 2981 Grand avenue, about six miles west of the business center of the city. The home was found at that address. It is a new two-story frame building, with modern conveniences. It is in charge of Joseph Renne Vilatte. who claims to be the archbishop and primate of the American Orthodox Catholic church, and whose signature appears on the application for incorpo- ration papers. He informed me that the home was organized in 1897. and that its object is to help poor children who have no homes, no matter what religious denomination they belong to. and that the institution is supported entirely by donations and collections. Mr. Vilatte is assisted in his work by "Father Francis" and "Brother Panchand," whose signatures also appear on the application for incorporation papers. Eighteen inmates were present— 17 boys and one girl, a sister of three of the boys. She is probably 7 or 8 years old. As there is no provision for the proper separation of the sexes, your inspector is of the opinion that the girl should be taken out of the institution and placed where proper pre- cautions are taken in such matters. The furniture had just been moved in the day before my visit, and conse- quently the home was in disorder, but the floors, woodwork, walls and ceil- ing appeared to be clean. Mr. Vilatte informs me that in cast- of sickness a doctor is immediately called in. Clothing is generally donated and all children of school age attend the public school. Two boys were locked in rooms, and your visitor was informed by Mr. Vilatte that •they were doing penance for running away." Concerning the character "f Mr. Vilatte, your attention is called to the following quotation from a letter written by Rev. » bai ifton, Epis palian bishop of the diocese of Pond dn Lac, Wisconsin, which u^ printed in the October, 1898, Dumber of a newspaper called 1 1 1 « - / - Fond du i •In Renne Vilatte's affairs, whose performances al Llanthony Abbey have Lately attracted Borne attention, I have for a cumber of yean past taken no interest. •1 was obliged in the year 1892 to degrade him from the priesth 1 and excommunicate him from the church. ••| have discovered thai he was morally rotten; a swindling adventurer be- longing to the Bame class a- your noted claimant. He was reported t«i me for drunkenness, swindling, obtaining money under false pretenses and other crimes, and as a notorious liar. "The man has somewhat exceptional gifts as an impostor. Be lias the power "f endurance of a Catiline, tin- audacity of a Jeremiah Diddler ami the morals of a Tichborhe. Il<- can preach ami pray with greal fervor ami is wciiit when discovered to say with French loftiness thai he forgives all his enemies. "He has been surrounded ami had for his tools a small body of nun. d ,\ Romans, «h"M' equals in crime ami debauchery are rarelyfound. His late secretary is novi in the Mate prison. Another, win* calls himself, amoi his many non de plumes, Brother William, ami from whose writings most ,.f th.- material in the articles of your Llanthony correspondenl was derived, is now the inmate of an insane asylum, broughl there by brutish ami sotten drunkenness. Another co-worker, whom he ordained priesl under tin- title ■ it Father Basil, is a renegade from England, having formerly been connected with th.- Reformed Episcopal church, ami who lied to America, being accused, as his bishop wrote me, of criminal conduct with boys. His name is Geo Reader, ami the authorities of Scotland Yard wrote concerning him. that. while they i 1 1 day ,,i th.it month. His attorneys moved tor .i new trial and. pending the argument on the motion, he was confined In the Cook count} jail. '1 he argument on the motion was post- poned, from tunc to tunc, and was not In. ml until the l.illci | .tit ot June or the tirst of July. r in l I ■ i ourt overruled the motion for a new trial and sentenced "Father" Basil loan Inde terminate term in the State Prison at Joliet, where he now is. His attorneys, however, have .in appeal to the Supreme Court. 'I he So retarj ot State declined to i^. 1 1 i j soib Inspected .ll \ \ 25, I'M u. In accordance with your instructions, the Union mission Located on Aiken Street. South Rock Kland. Illinois, was inspected ami inv report thereon as follows: 151 The object of the mission is "The moral, educational, industrial, and re- ligious improvement of such persons in the county of Rock Island. State of Illinois, as it can reach and bring under the influence of its work. To aid, care for. dispose of. and to find homes for dependent, neglected and delin- quent children." The institution is supported by board charged for children, donations and proceeds <>f receptions, rummage sales, bazaars and other sources. The receipts for the year ending January 1, 1904, were $3,822.65, and the disbursements, for the same period were S3. 510.87. .Mrs. L. O. John is employed as matron and has charge of the home. This institution was incorporated July 12, 1899. The home in which the children are cared for is a two story brick building containing 15 rooms. It is not owned by the mission but is rented at 830.00 per month. There are no modern conveniences in the building, except steam heat. The water supply, which is limited, is from two welis and a cistern. The cistern water is en- tirely exhausted, and the water from one of the wells is almost gone, leaving the institution to depend upon a well in the pasture. Your visitor believes that it is important to have an abundance of good water to properly care for so rnany children, and recommends that if it cannot be had at the present Location, that the management find a building with modern conveniences. The building is in need of repairs throughout. New floors are badly needed and painting and papering should be done. Considering the scarcity of water the sanitary condition of the building is fair. There were 32 children present on the day of visit. Of this number 21 were boys and 11 girls, seven of them infants, the youngest being only 19 days old. Two of the children present have been committed here by the courts. All of school age attend the public school, and five of the younger children are taught in a kindergarten at the mission from 9 to 1 :.' o'clock in the morning. A teacher is employed who looks after this depart- ment. All children who are old enough go to Sunday school. The board of children charged to parents who are able to pay is from $1.00 to $2.00 a week. Children are placed out on 90 days' trial. All homes are personally visited by representatives of the mission. Some of the clothing furnished the children is donated and some ptir- chased. The following is a copy of the bill of fare which was furnished by the matron: Breakfast — Breakfast food of some kind, cereal coffee, fruit and either griddle cakes, toast or potatoes. Dinner — Meat three times a week, soup three times a week, eggs once, potatoes, with either corn, peas, beans, onions, cabbage, parsnips, tomatoes, once each. Fruit daily. Supper — Bread or milk four or five times a week for the smaller children. Bread and butter, stewed fruit, cookies and one other dish regularly. It is recommended that the certificate applied for to the effect fhat the in- stitution is competent to receive and care for children committed to its care by the courts, be furnished. Since our last report certain institutions of other states caring for dependent, neglected and delinquent children have filed guarantee bonds in this office, providing that no child shall be brought into this State having any contagious or incurable disease, or having any de- formity, etc., and that said institutions will promptly remove any child which shall become a public charge in five years. According to our records, since the date of last report, the New York Juvenile Asylum placed 20 children in Illinois and the Rose Orphan Asylum of Terre Haute, Ind., 15. The law also requires associations in this Suite caring for children to file with this board an annual report, which shall include a state- ment of the number of children cared for during the year, the num- L52 ber received, the number placed in homes, the number <>t' friends; also a financial statement Bhowing t he receipts, disbursements, etc. The following tables give information which may be of interest to the public pertaining t<> these institutions and associations, which have complied with the law by filing such report-: 153 AMERICAN HOME FINDING ASSOCIATION. (167 Dearborn street.) Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated December 31, 1891 Green B. Raum, President. J. M. Coon, Secretary. B. F. Roberts, Vice-President. Albert Billingslea, Superintendent and Treasurer. George K. Hoover, Field Secretary. Financial Condition January 1. 1904. Assets. Liabilities. F'urniture and stationery $ 500 00 2,000 00 * 781 38 Bills payable * $3,00ti 29 275 09 Deficit Total liabilities Total assets 13,281 38 $3,281 38 Note— Not including an item called "Debt of Honor, $1, 450.00." Receipts and Disbursements For year ending December 31, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal year From collections From magazine From transportation From desk room From loan From board of children From P. O. refund and mdse From advertising From Dr. Hoover From "Ex. Ch." Total receipts $ 31 20 6,449 43 2,506 81 38 15 102 00 1,037 27 125 00 67 13 5 00 32 05 5 00 $10,399 04 Officers' salaries and petty ex- penses Home salaries and petty expenses Agents' salaries and expenses Printing, etc., of magazine Old accounts payable "Ex. Ch." Loans Transportation ' Dr. Hoover Total disbursements $2,121 93 1,893 95 2,141 98 1,780 07 1,076 38 5 (Xi 867 18 66 83 145 70 $10,399 04 Movement of Population For year ending December 31, 1903. Notes —In actual possession of society, 6. Of above 73 were new cases. Of above 73 were new cases. Number of children under guardianship at beginning of year, 688 Number of children supervised in families at beginning of year, Children. Total. Children. Total. 9 94 73 1 17 Died. . 6 6 Total Total 103 103 boys,93.; girls, CO. [64 Wi.KL GUARDIAN GERMAN CATHOLIC ORPHAN S( k 1 1 ;i'\ Of Chicago, III. [ncorporated Sept. II. 1 S 7J. k. \ J. Thiele. President Aug. Benz. Secretary Rev. J. Schlkowski, Vici Pres lent. Adam W. Jaeger, Tn N< »tes on Report. •It is hereby represented to your Honorable Board, thai the Angel Guar- dian German Catholic orphan Society <>f Chicago is a private corporation, working under a charter granted by the State. The number <>f children committed to our care by the Juvenile Courl is aboul one-fifth of the number • >f the inmates of our Home. It would be impossible t" separate a financial statemenl as tar a- these children are concerned, from a statemenl of tin- total finances of our home, but we wish tn Mate in a general way. that we support our institution from charitable contributions of German Catholic churches of Chicago, and thai we receive no public help from city, county or State. ■'Aside from the vegetables raised by us on a small farm which belongs to as, the cash cosl for every child under our care, is aboul 530.00 per year. The total number of children committed to our care by the Juvenile Court during the year L903 was 163. The average stay per child was -even months. The total receipts from those children who did pay something was 11,515.95. The average pay per child during the stay in institution, was gg. io or I per month, since the cash outlay of the institution per child was (30.00 per year, >i L16 per child was furnished from charitable sour< • - l.V) ANNA B. MILLIKIN HOME AND MACON COUNTY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR OIRLS. Of Decatur, Illinois. Incorporated September, L892. Mrs. Mary A. Busher, President. Mrs. Jennie Kreidler, Secretary, Mrs Eliza Craig, Vice President. Mrs. S. O. Hill, Treasurer. Mrs. Clara H. Campbell, Superintendent. Financial Condition February 1, 190-4. Assets. Liabilities. Buildines, Old Home $2,000 00 500 00 340 16 $2,840 16 $2,500 00 340 16 $2,840 16 Furniture and stationery Total assets Amount to balance Total liabilities Receipts and Disbursements For the year ending March 31, 1904. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at begin uing of fis- cal year From public funds From donations From other sources Total receipts. Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. $ 18 26 Buildings 1,094 37 Salaries 61 bOj Other expenses. 2,681 81 3,856 25 Total disbursements. $ 340 16 518 88 914 53 2, 082 67 3,856 24 Movement of Population. For year ending March 31, 1904. Children. Total. Children. Total. Present at beginning of year 12 39 51 20 Died Present at end of year Total 1 Total 30 51 L56 CENTRAL BAPTIST I ORPHANAGE Of Chicago, Qlinois. [ncorporated October 9, l v, . (, i A. K. DeBlois, Vice President J. T. Christian, Vice President. Rev. James P. 1 hi imi Frank B. Pease, Treat i A. C. Kelly, Superintendent. l'l\ W( I \l. ( lONDITION < >< TOBEB 'M . I'» >3. ASS Liabilities I anda and build 00 00 Loans - '"JO 00 9,022 84 Cash "ti hand 22 U (12,022 84 Total Liabilities. 1 1 li EIPTS \M' I >ISB1 BSEMENTS. I\< Disbursei • Cash on hand at betrin ning A fiscal (.'ash on hand at end of fiscal year 22 84 Lands and buildings 4. IT'' 16 Salaries . - 21 98 5,000 00 19,8 • ■ Movement of Population. Children. S - - = i Children. s Female 7 Dl at beginning oi year 9 7 7 1 7 i; 5 11 Returned to tnend- 3 5 a i i fi Re< ei\ ed others Lse Died . l Present at end c.f year Ml.. 10 18 18 18 18 < )( ai">\ e 19 « ere new ('IIAl)lH >(K B( iVS' st IK m »L. < >f Quincy, [llinois. W.T.Bi lles.D.D .President. \\ 1 I > ■ ■ Sei retary Mi-~ Eleanor A. Tobie, Sui erintendent. ttements showing financial condition, receipts and disbursements and movement of population were not reported. I - dependent boys from Adams county <>nl\ r ol accommodation. 15' CHICAGO ERRING WOMAN'S REFUGE FOR REFORM. (5024 Indiana avenue.) Of Chicago. Illinois. Mrs. Elizabeth Dcwd, President. Mrs. W. H. Reid, Vice-President. Mrs. (j. B. Shaw, Secretary. Mrs. E. O. F. Roler, Treasurer. Elizabeth Stowe, Superintendent. Financial Condition February 4. L904. Assets. Liabilities. $60,000 00 70,000 00 5,000 00 803 70 $ 6,700 00 129, 103 70 Total liabilities $1&5,803 70 $135,803 70 Receipts and Disbursements For Year Ending February 3, 1904. Receipts. Disbtrsements. Cash on hand at beinning of fiscal $1,180 64 3, 789 25 1,225 97 1,860 19 1,016 72 752 40 4,704 12 687 4:< 166 67 100 00 107 37 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year.. $ 803 70 4,431 50 10,355 56 Total disbursements From proceeds of bazaar From miscellaneous sources $15,590 76 $15, 590 76- Movement of Population For Year Ending February 3, 1904. I Children. | Total. Children. Total. 100 19 87 13 200 3 76 102 Total. 200 L58 CHICAGO FOUNDLINGS' SOME, in South Wood stn Of < '}) i.;. u r < •• III. [ncorporated May 28, l v Ti' 1 G. CI irk, President. M Staement showing financial condition and not shown In report The Home is for mothers and babies, inmates in Home Jan. l. 1908 wire : adull mI, 83. Children admitted during year, 178. Adults admitted during CHICAGK) HOME FOB JEWISH ORPHANS, 1 feexel avenue an I 62d -treet.) < >f ( ihicago, III. I ncorporated March L6, l s '.'o. Charles H.Schwab, President Samuel A. Ettelson, Recording 5 Oscar G. Foreman, Fust Vice President. William Wilhartz, Finani Mrs B. Mandel, Set ond V ii i President - I . Greenebaum, Treasurer Leopold Denkelbaum. Superintendent. Financial Condition .May 1. L903. \"(!~ Liabilities. Lands and buildings 175 00 16,615 00 iu.»l00 00 1.101 77 tments 137,8 Furniture and stationery Mortgage redemption fund Cash 1 hi hand ■ Total liabilities Total assets (147,091 77 >n; ".'i 77 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending April B0, L905J. Re< eipts Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning ol fiscal t 2,971 i" U.887 50 1,987 38 14,000 00 836,795 98 Cash on hand at end <>t ii-> al year 1 1,101 77 is. '.'".n 75 t; i«7 ;'7 i ithei sources 10,705 i'.' }• rom associated Jew i — 1 1 charities • Mi >\ EM l\ r < >F l'< IP1 l. \ lln\ For year ending April 30, L903. Children. Total. ChUdren. Total Present at beginning oi year 139 K etiirned ii 111 i 1 'ir-i lit at eni 1 Ol \ ear fotal 175 Total 17". 159 CHICAGO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, (4900 Prairie Avenue.) Of Chicago, Illinois. Charles A. Mair, President. David F. Bremner, Vice-President. Incorporated November 5, 1885. Imelda G. Bremner, Secretary. Helena Grace, Matron and Treasurer. Financial Condition January 1, 1904. (Tabulated from printed report.) Assets. Liabilities. Lands, not reported Buildingrs, not reported 1 n vestments, not reported . Bill receivable Cash on hand, Total assets $1,158 33 11 30 $1,169 63 Bills payable $ 834 26 Loans 55, 500 00 Surplus, not reported Total liabilities $56,324 46 Receipts and Disbursements For Year ending December 31, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. •Cash on hand at beginning of fis- $ 860 85 1 ,017 60 19,487 80 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. $ 11 30 21.354 95 From donations Total disbursements From other sources Total receipts $21,366 25 $21,366 25 Movements of Population For Year ending December 31, 1903. Children. Total Children. Total. 1 180 114 3< eceived 247 427 Returned to friends Died 133 1 179 Total Total I 427 160 DANISH LUTHERAN < tRPHANS' SOME • Bickerdlke Eft < >f ( ShicagO, HliiMii>. M Rasmoan i . President J. Jobansen, Vice President. [noorporated February 7. l v s; S.N.N S retaiy. Mn Matron. Fin wi i \i. ( 'i (Nditk >n June 1. L903. Liabilities. Ki:< EIPTS AND I >ISBUESEMEN DS For Year ending May 31, 1903. ipts. Disbursements. Cash oo band at beginning of Bs- f i>98 63 2, 178 56 Cash Dii hand :>t end ol fiscal year 10,112 M 330 00 1,729 ' ; - $3,172 19 $3,172 l!' Movement of Population For Sear ending May 31, L903. Children. Total. Children. Total. :i Total Total 32 161 DOVER HOME OF THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL DEACONESS ASSOCIATION. Of Dover, Illinois. Incorporated October 15,1901. Thomas C. MacMillan, President. William Anderson, Secretary. Willard B. Thorp, Vice-President. John K. Allen. Treasurer. George H. Wilson, General Superintendent. Financial Condition April 1. 1 ( .K)4. Assets. Liabilities. $ 600 00 7,000 00 300 00 134 24 $8,034 24 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending March 31, 1904. Receipts. Disbursements. From public funds From donations $ 45 24 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year $134 24 138 55 Salaries 90 00 307 20 ?669 99 ! Total disbursements . $669 99 Movement of Population For year ending March 31, 15K)4. Children. *1 = © Children. 2 ij re 3 EL n o 4 8 12 2 o 1 3 4 3 Returned to friends Total 4 Total 4 8 12 4 8 12 HOME FOR DESTITUTE CRIPPLED CHILDREN, Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated in L893. James H. Eckels, President. Edith Healy, Vice-President. .Mrs. A. W. Holmes, Secretary. F. G. McNally, Treasurer. Margaret Little. Superintendent. Notes In* Report.— "The home owns its own property and is supported by voluntary contributions and annual dues from members of the society. No liabilities. We can only care for 40 (children! and the home is always full." -11 BC L62 IK >ME OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD [NDUSTRIAL SCHOOL !•'< >R GIRLS. I >t" Peoria, Qlinoh I ncorporated April 1 1 . L9( (2 r v ! , ;•• - 5e retary Anna Tellers, ['resident i Hughes, Superintendent and Treasurer. Financial Condition January 1. L903 Assets. Liabilities. $ 9.000 00 15,000 i»' 4,000 00 T4'.< 96 Loans I 1.000 00 • ■ . $58,749 98 Total liabilities $58. 749 9S Receipts am> Disbubsements For year ending December 31, L902. Receipts. Disbursement-. $ •_'::» 06 10, ai^ '.o 1,255 ^7 18,600 00 Cash mi hand at end of fiscal year 30, J 5,272 1>< :i. 105 00 $36,554 8S $36,554 88 Movement of Popdl ition For year ending December 31, 1 { .*()2. Children. Children. I'm-. in .it beginning ol ycai Committed by court then* ise Total Placed m homes Placed in Institi I 23 Present at en.! oi ^^-f Total ■I 163 HOME OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR OIRLS. Of Peoria. Illinois. Incorporated April 11, 1902. Eva Baehr, Secretary Anna Tellers, President Annie Hushes, Superintendent and Treasurer. Financial Condition January 1. 1904. Assets. Liabilities. $ 9,000 00 57,000 00 4,000 00 2,250 00 221 80 $72,471 SO $ 1,000 00 Buildings Loans 15,500 00 Furniture and stationery 55,971 80 Cash on hand Total assets $72,471 80 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending December 31, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal $ 749 '.is 577 46 3,608 90 6,297 36i 7.435 35 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year.. $ 221 80 6. 790 5* 8.656 72 3,000 00 From other sources $18, 669 05 $18,669 05 Movement of Population For year ending December 31, 1903. Children. 11 n 3 n 01 Children. m 3 a 01 69 2 52 Placed in homes 12 6 105 Present at end of year Total. 123 Total. 123 !l< >MK I IF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, treets . i m ( 'hicag< >. I llinois. • in. -idem. I QC( irp 'i;it«i| M.i\ 1 . 1 859 Emma Bichaidsi phine McGreevj I • 1' \ \\i [AL < 'ONDITION -I \m \l;\ 1. L904. Assets. Liabilities. None reported rotal. . Ki:< EIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS For year ending December 31, I'.mi:;. Rect • Disl . From City of CI. - :i Expenses $36,861 73 Total disbursements— not reported. Movement of Population For year ending December HI, L903. Children. Total. Children. Total. • 100 478 •J'. Died 00 3 • Total Total. . . • ( )f Ewing, Illinois. 165 HUDELSON HOME. Incorporated June 26, L903. J. A. Leavitt, President. Alfred C. Kelly, Superintendent. B. M. Godwin, Secretary. H. E. Herrin, Treasurer. Assets Liabilities. Lands $5,400 00 -mi nn 300 00 Total liabilities Total assets $5,900 00 Movement of Population For year ending - November 1. 1904. Children. 5" n 3 SL ST H o Children. n n> 3 ST : ■ H o ST 11 10 21 1 3 7 6 1 3 7 Returned to friends 4 Present November 1 Total 1904 . . . 10 Total 11 10 21 11 10 21 Note from Superintendent's Report— ''While we received and cared for two or three children during the winter of 1903 and 1904, our aggressive work did not begin until about April of 1904. It was not until then that we began to solicit funds in any systematic manner, and not until June of that year that we began work in a building rented for that pur- pose. Previous to this time our matron, Miss Alice Gibbs, received the two or three children above referred to, and cared for them in the home of her father, J. R. Gibbs. We shall probably have our fiscal year close sometime in June, though I have not yet consulted the directors regarding that matter. We began about April 1, 1904, with no funds on hand. The deeds to the above realty and the small check toward endowment have been received since. Since beginning our work we have aided 21 children and have succeeded in gathering sufficient funds for current purposes to meet all our bills with reasonable promptness. At present our assets in reliable subscriptions, and probable income on the farm of 160 acres, ex- ceeds by several hundred dollars all our liabilities." L6fj ILLINOIS CHARITABLE RELIEF I < »IM'S 70 Ai.f I iic< >rp< irated October 11. 1 v -' < Jame> Conlan. Jr.. Se< retary. F. Kenned I I >t' ( Shicago, I Uinois. I ' I >onnell, President Charles Dockery, ' lent. Notes in Report— "No assets exo Sice furniture and a few dollars for current and no liabilities. T\\i> probation officers « >f t)n> society had the i «.f hildren from the Juvenile Court for the year ending October, 1906." Ri:t EIPTS AM) DI8BTJB8EHENT8 For year ending ( October 24, 1903. Recei Disbursements. Cash on hand at bef-'mmnt-' of Cash Total Total 60 48 108. 167 ILLINOIS CHILDREN'S HOME AND ATD SOCIETY (79 Dearborn Street.) Of Chicago, Illinois. Incorporated 1897. R. J. Bennett, President. Hastings H. Hart, Secretary. Franklin MacVeagh, / Rev. R. A. White, -Vice-Presidents. Rev. N. H. Axtell, \ Financial Condition June 1. 1904. Assets. Liabilities. Lands and buildings Furniture and stationery Bills receivable Cash on hand Unexpired insurance Total $13,700 00 2,000 00 938 76 ■ 386 45' 50 00 $17,075 21 Bills payable Surplus Total liabilities $ 5,051 19 12,024 02 $17,075 21 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending May 31, 1904. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- cal year From public funds From donations From institutions and friends for care of children "Children's Home Finder - ' Miscellaneous receipts Total receipts. $ 12 33 3.565 00 35,003 62 3, 230 30 878 21 459 83 $43,149 29 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year Office salaries Field salaries Personal expenses Traveling expenses Postaee Printing and stationery Children's Home Finder Boarding children Middlesworth Home Englewood Nursery Duquoin Home Rantoul Home Sundries Miscellaneous Total disbursements $ 371 20 9, 208 94 12, 115 38 3,551 66 2,811 62 1,036 00 1,478 09 1,128 71 1.353 59 1,801 86 2,351 58 425 25 2,113 91 3,382 30 19 20 $43,149 29 Movement of Population For year ending May 31. 1904. Children. Total. Children. Total. 78 120 335 396 Placed in institutions, etc 10 Received otherwise 9 Died 20 Present at end of year 88 Total 523 523 Note— Of the 523 children, 86 were counted more than once, leaving 435 different children. LHH ILLINOIS MANUAL TRAINING school. FARM Of < > lenwood, 1 1 1 i 1 1 « » i — l.. I >udle Fin \n< i \i. Condition April 30, L903 l alated from typewritten report.) \— Liab $278,21635 Bills payable 0,832 01 22,837 00 (Commercial Club building fund u.Xi\ 45 Outstanding orders or checks 228 7.-, Net worth .... 308, 1,083 33 1,698 69 760 on $313.0V> 8". Total liabilities - : lii:< EIPTS AND I >ISB1 RSEMENTS For year ending April :!(>. L903. Seen-: \ count K eipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning oi fiscal year 1- rom public funds j i»i oo Cash on hand at end <>f fiscal year.. - 19,119 IS 15,220 JO 6,995 Tii 10,000 00 9,279 '•'.' 2,804 56 $63,6:c, 28 $63,635 28 169 ILLINOIS MASONIC ORPHANS HOME, 447 Carroll avenue.) ( )f Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Wolff, President. Thomas E. Miller, Vice President. C. S. (jurney. Secretary. John C. Smith. Treasurer. John G. Stebbins, Superintendent. Statement of assets and liabilities not reported. Xote on report, "No inventory taken.' Receipts and Disrursements For nine months and live days ending October <>. 1903. Receipts. Cash on hand at beginning of per iod $23,143 93 From other sources 3,873 20 From interest 1,154 65 From H. C. Robinson estate. . 13.126 30 Total receipts $41, 298 Disbursements. Cash on hand at end of period $ 241 22 Salaries 900 00 Other expenditures 40,156 86 Total disbursements $41, 298 08 Movement of Population. Children. 2 2L 5 n 3 93 5 H o M : 2 Children. % Female . H o 5T Present Jan. 1,1903 34 49 S3 10 13 41 22 71 Total 39 54 93 Total 39 54 93 170 j( »ii.\ \\< »i;thv SCIK x >L, (Juvenile Department of the Chicago House of Correction. > I U ( Ihicagi », I llinois. John J. Sloan, Superinteni Financial Condition Januabi 1. L904. Asssets. Liabilities. Lands Buildings Furniture and stationery Total assets #155,000 00 f 16,000 00 l.T..i««im All bills paid by city comptroller 5.00(i iKi (nit of appropriations made by city council. Disbursements For year ending December 31, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Teachers and instructors Engineers, riremen, etc $16, 790 00 .-),200 00 11,280 0(1 r.'.MO 00 None reported. H.M4 00 5,125 00 Repairs and peneral expense $61,289 00 Movement <>f Population For year ending December 31, L903. C'lnldren. Children. :.t at beginning oi 5 ear Committed by i ourt :;rj Placed in homes 7.il Keturned to friends Died P • M-nt at end ol \ c.ir Total 1,048 Total 1". 4 1 I Noti Ail supervision, visiting, guardianship, etc., is 'lone by probation officers of the Ju\ enile Court. 171 METHODIST DEACONESS ORPHANAGE, Of Lake Blutf. Illinois. Incorporated ( )ctober 13, 1894 James B. Hobbs, President. J. A. Burhans, Vice-President. George W. York, Secretary O. A. Oliver, Treasurer.. Lucy J. Judson, Superintendent. Financial Condition May 1. 1903. Asssets. Liabilities. $25,000 00 20,000 00 1,000 00 7,500 00 67 62 $53,567 62 Bills receivable Total assets $53,567 62 $53,567 62 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending May 1. 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fis- $ 57 85j 6,087 40 ' 2,914 50| Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. $ 67 62 2,456 91 6,535 22 Total $9,059 75 $9,050 75 Movement of Population For year ending May 1, 1903. Children. Female .. Male H Children. 2 ST 5 ST c Present at beginning of vear 51 9 45 56 1 38 107 3 ' 38 Placed in homes 8 10 28 Committed by court Received otherwise Placed in institutions Returned to friends Died . . 9 36 3 49 26 5!< 2 62 3 Present at end of year Total 108 Total 98 05 193 98 95 Note— Of above 77 were new cases, 9 for replacement. 172 ORPHANAGE OF THE HOLY CHILD OF THE PROVINCE l >F I LLIN( »is. ( >t Springfield, [llinois [ncorporated March 5, l sv l Charli - I ii. President. Han 1 1 M Frederick A. DeH S ent Financial Condition Jani lbi 1. L904 Ass Liabilities. Lands and buildings 05,000 00 -^irplus (28,133 41 ments '-'"l •'*•". Furniture ami stationery 712 "> Loans on real estate ' • ii collateral security 950 00 Cash on hand 1,200 06 1 • ssets $23,133 41 Total. Receipts and Disbubsements For year ending December 31, L903. Receipts. Disbursen Cash on band at beginning oi fiscal - 1 ^7^; 47 1,184 52 871 55 Cash ISB1 RSEMENTS For year ending May 31, L901. ■ D •i band at beginning oi fiscal \ ear i public funds, counties From donations 1- r. tii building fund From board paid by parents 1- 1. .in other sources Total receipts Ca-h nil hand al i year. $ 910 90 Lands and buildings ■ 1 1 Renl 5 23 Salai ies 1,255 20 Other expenses oil 63 - $5,350 95 Total disbursements. - 370 63 1 .470 r, 1 ,i«2 ;.' ■ • Movement of Population For vear ending Mav 31 . L904. -r - - 3 Children. - :ren. ■ / Present al beginning oi year i Committed by i ourl Rec( Total. 2 I Placed in homes i Returned to friends 12 Present at end ol yeai Adopted Ran away. 10 Tota Notes I ssession .>t society 28. /•.i , 12 for i 175 ST. JOSEPH'S PROVIDENCE ORPHAN ASYLUM. (North 40th -t and Belmont avenue.) Of Chicago. Illinois. Incorporated August 10, 1885. Rt. Rev. P. J. Muldoon, President. Sister Ambrosia O'Neil, Secretary. Rev. F. J. Barry, Vice-President. T. J. Conley, P. S. Sister F. Xavier Mahoney, Superintendent and Treasurer. Statement ot financial condition not shown in report. Receipts and Disbursements For year ending December 31, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. $ 2,235 11 Salaries * 234 93 1,135 65 1,234 65 6.000 00 4,453 60 10,652 7.S From relatives of children Amount to balance 1,900 00 $13,923 36 813,923 36 Note.— Produce of farm used for the support of children for the year ending December 31, 1903, valued at 81,745.00. Donations of meat for the same period valued at $936.00. Movement of Population For year ending December ol, 1903. Children. GO Children. 2 SL n> 235 190 6 178 Died 1 24D Total Total 425 425 L7H ST. VINCENTS IMA NT ASYW'.M. 191 ! - < M' ( Ihicago. I lliii' >is. riotendent. es Pa .. •• Si retary. I beresa Kuehi !■' N W< I \l. ( '< tNDITION JANUAR1 1 . 1'" >l \ 5£ , ts Lial reported Total assets t Loans - Total liabilities -,:.•..■ . Ulj EIPTS AND I )ISBURSEMENTS Fi ir \ ear ending January 1. L904. Receipts. Disbursements. in hand at beginning ot fiscal year From public fund?- From donations other sources, as follow - ; dren'a relatives ... - Patients Li gacies Bazaar Rente and Bales L< ian - ■ dry Bources Total r< Cash on hand at beginning i 37 11 year 12,000 00 Salaries 1,096 90 < >ttier expenses Countrv home. Park Kidge.lll 6,841 H4 1,183 51 3.4O0 00 2,564 00 1,083 51 5,000 uo 1.000 00 $44,662 ■■'.-. Total disbursements I 7,404 72 11,716 B0 Ml >VEMENT OF POPULATION For year ending Januan I . r.'< 1 1 1 iren. a E. a a = - - : | Children n - 3 E. - : -- Present .it beg In i 141 560 95 18 262 286 138 596 170 156 5 117 111 103 -■ Died Total . 12 821 1 Otl 500 177 SPRINGFIELD HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS. Of Springfield, Illinois. Incorporated in 1863. Henry Davis. President. H. C. Latham. Vice-President. *C. C. Brown, 2d Vice-President. .Mrs. Frances P. Ide, Secretary . E. D. Keys, Treasurer. Miss Minnie Snyder, Superintendent. Financial Condition January 1. 1904. Assets. Liabilities. $43,057 89 898 99 $43,956 88 Total liabilities Total assets $43,956 88 s 43. 956 88 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending December 31. 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. From public funds $1,000 00 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. $ 898 99 From donations 162 96 345 00 1,687 78 From membership dues 2. 772 87 From entertainment 27 00 23 00 402 40 2,582 97 55 00 1,040 00 $5,638 33 Overdraft at beginning of year 278 69 From interest on endowment fund From current expense fund $5,638 33 Movement of Population For year ending January 1, 1904. Children. Total. Children. Total. Present at beginning of year 48 29 88' 20 Committed bv court 95 Received otherwise Died 9 165 4N Total Total 165 * Dect-ast'd. 12— B C 178 l'.\l< ».\ M iss|< >N. Of Rock Island, Illinois. Incorporated July 12, 1899 Mrs Mar) Metzgar, President. Hi I rarer. Mr-. J. J. Worker, V Pn lent. M - tary and Superintendent. Financial Condition Januaei 1. L904. A- Liabilities. - -l MO .ii 743 50 .•it to balance Total liabilities 83,543 50 S3. Ki:< EIPTS AND DlSBl BSEMBNTS For year ending December 31, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash Dii band at lieginn my of Bscal - 131 72 1,531 83 2,291 02 -i 254 31 Cash on hand at end of Bscal year Loans repaid $ 74.1 50 ■ • 3.010 87 $4,254 37 MOVEMEN r I u I '< >P1 LATION For year ending December 31, L903. Children. Total. Children. Total. 7 17 in 1 3 1 )],• ] ■> SI I tal Tola! 10 40 171) WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE ILLINOIS CONFERENCE OF THE M. E. CHURCH, Of Urbana, Illinois. Mrs. A. \V. Conklin, President. Mrs. F. A. Bullard. Vice-President. Mrs. M. H. Newton, Secretary. Mrs. H. Swannell. Treasurer. Miss Eva M. Shull, Matron. Financial Condition July 1. 1908. Assets. Liabilities. $ 4.500 00 20,000 00 4,0(58 65 135 00 520 99 Amount to balance $29,224 64 Total liabilities $29,224 64 $29,224 64 Receipts and Disbursements For year ending June 30, 1903. Receipts. Disbursements. Cash on hand at beginning of fiscal $ 92 07 3,772 28 Cash on hand at end of fiscal year. $ 520 99 3,343 36 Total disbursements $3,864 35 $3,864 35 Movement of Population For year ending June 30, 1903. Children. 2 n 3 EL o Children. 2 n> 3 » 7 2L Present at beginning of year Received otherwise 20 7 28 20 48 27 4 1 6 1 15 11 22 15 15 K eturned to friends L 28 Died 1 Total 30 Total.. . 27 48 75 27 48 75 180 STATISTICAL TABLES. Table 1. List of Institution* mif the Blind Prof. J. 11. Freeman Illmoi- Central Hospital for the li I lllnois >i ili liers' < Orphans 1 lome Illinois Asylum fur Feeble Minded Chil- II B. { i rrii ,M.D R \ Mi Cauley C B Taylor, M. D Illinois Chai e and Eai Infirmary Charles 1 . « iarrard l- - Whitman. M l> ... Kankakee Quincj Chicagi Wilmington . Watertowo \V 1. Athon, M 1 1 Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Ins Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home Illinois Asylum for 1 ineCi iminals Illinois Industrial Home forthe Hluxl Illinois Soldiers' Widows' Home 1 1 1 1 in >i- \\ i ten ii", (al foi the 1 1 J C Corbus, M. I> \\ I Songer.M D .I « ■—«.-! > 1 1 Schabeck Mrs Flo Jamison Millet u i i aylor, M D 1*1 Table II — List of trustees of the State Charitable Institutions, with the duration of their terms of service, respectively. Name. Address. Term Expires. NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, ELGIN. W. S. Bullock Waukegan March, 190.") . C. W. Marsh DeKalb March, 1907 . Edward S. Eno Elgin March. 1909 , EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, KANKAKEE. Patrick Whalen Cabery .... Len Small Kankakee Almet Powell Oilman . .. CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. JACKSONVILLE. Henry Miner George VV. Ross. John R. Davis ... SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, ANNA. H. H. Kohn John Lvnch, Jr. W. H.Wood.... WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, WATERTOWN. Allan M. Clement. William Trembor. . Frank W. Gould... ASYLUM FOR INCURABLE.INSANE, BARTONVILLE. S. O. Spring .... K. M. Whitham E. M. Wayne ... ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS, CHESTER. Thomas J. Clark.. . John H. Duncan . . James E. McClure. March, 190o, March, 1907 March, 1909. Winchester. . Carrollton . . . Jacksonville. March, 190."), March. 1907 March, 1909 . Anna March, 190.") . Olney March, 1907 . Cairo" March, 1909 . 220 Adams St., Chicago. . . J March, 1905 Freeport March, 1907 Moline March, 1909 Peoria .. Aledo. .. Delavan Quincy Marion Carlinville. ILLINOIS SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, JACKSONVILLE. W. W.Watson Barry John R. Robertson 'Jacksonville. Francis H. Wemple IWaverly Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite December, 1904 December, 1906. December, 1908 . March, 190."). March, 1907. March. 1909 . L82 7V//,/. / / < loncluded, - Tenn I in- 1 1 1 1 noN i "i< i in i I.-, i \ i n'N oi i in 1:1 ind, :.\i k-i>\\ i! i 1 1 l; Homi i Mai •j..hn a. Brown , Decatur Arnold INDUSTRIAL HOMI I<'K I 111 BLIND, i UK \(.< I. h'Oodboul.,Cb'go|Mai Hyman ...5151 Michigan av.,Ch'go. March, 1905. ■ : < Ireland av.,Ch'go.| March, 1905 / Farina Mai M FOR until MlNI'KH CHILDREN, I IM HI N. Carl F. Bartling Litchfield James W. Gibson .... Newton March. 1907. Jc.tin Wagner Mr Lean March, 1909. SOLDIERS' \\n SAILORS' HOME, QUINCY. Caleb C. Johnson Sterling March, 1905. Joseph B Messick EastSt.Louis March, 1907. w II - Rock Island Mai SO] DIERS' ORPHANS' HOME, NORMAL. Benson W 1 Ellin jrham March, 1906. W G. Cochran Sullivan March, 1907 . N. H. Tbistlewood Cairo March. lixm iLDIERS' WIDOWS' HOME, WILMINGTON. Walter C. Newberry 79 Kinzie st, Chicago . Ju Mrs Martha K. Baxter. Pawnee luly.1905 Mr- Margaret I. Sandes 2580 N.Winchester St., Chi Jul Charles R Ramsej Hillsboro July, 1903 , II \KI I \l.l l EYI \ N I ■ I \ H INFIRMARY, i II It M.i ' thurE. Prince Springfield March, 1905 I. \v i Montgomery 725-31 Washingt'n St., ChiMai l»r Frank All| n 92 State.st, Chicago .. March, 1909. BTATl rRAINING SCHOOl FOR GIRLS, GENEVA Alia R Dow Geneva 'uly,1904 ann; .1 Howe 1922 Barn av.. Chicago Ju M . i it. m . 2119 Calumet av., Chicago! Jul] Henrv C. Whittemore Sycamore Ju E. Smili West Chicago. July, 1906 — i -vil in ■ Mi I nl< lil l l\i.ii I \ l BOYS, II \KI I S, R H. Ailerton Monticello Mrs.EllaM. H ... Carrollton Henry C. Weavei -"'-' Marquette bldg.. Chi l 1 1 I ! i nit\ bldg.,Chicagi Richard S. Tuthill Countj bldg..Chii II. -nr-. I i Springfield . elmac Pekln .... July. 1908 July. 1903 • July.1905 July, 1905 July, 1903 183 Table III — Board of Auxiliary Visitors of County Almshouses, Jails, Etc. Adams County. Win. H. Baker, M.D.,Quincy. "Edward W. McClnre.Quincy. Mrs. Rosa Wood Govert, Quincy. Alexander County. W . J . Grinstead. M . D . , president, Cairo . Mrs. Samuel White, secretary, Cairo. John A. Miller, Cain i. Bond County. S.A.Phelps, president, Greenville. Mrs. A lice Lindlv. secretary, Greeny ille. W . T . Easley , M D . , Greenville. Boone County. R W Mclnhes. president, Belvidere. Mrs. Georgia Whitbeck, Belvidere. J.H.Cook, Belvidere. Brown Country. William Parker, M.D.,pres., Mr. Sterling. Mrs. Mary Larkin.sec'v, Mt. Sterling. Col . H . M Condee, Mt. Sterling. Bureau County. John E.Nash, president, Princeton. Mrs . Emma D . Bailev , sec'v . , Princeton. O.J. Flint, M . D . , Princeton . Calhoun County. Arthur D. Fowler, president, Hardin F W Runde, M . D ., sec'y . , Kampsville. Mrs . G . A . Williams, H ardin . Carroll County. D C . Bussell, president, Shannon. Mrs. Fred S.Smith, secretary, Mt. Carroll. R.C.Miller, M.D., Shannon. Cass Countv. Walter Bley, M .D.. secretary, Beardstown. James A Schaeffer, Virginia. Edward Hunter, Bluff Springs. Champaign County. Rev . W . W Steadman, pres., Champaign. Mrs. Louise Shuck, sec'y., I'rbana. Christian County. W T Baker, president, Tavlorville . C . L . Carroll. M . D . . sec'y . , Taylorville . Lon. E.Martin, Taylorville. Clark County. Hector B.Dulanev, president, Marshall. W . L . Athon. M . D . , secretary. Marshall. Mrs. J ames W Graham, Marshall. Clay County. JR. Bonriey. president, Louisville. Thomas McCollum, secretary, Louisville. Geo . W . Steele, M . D . , Louisville. Clinton County. W. P. Gordon, president, Carlyle. Miss ClaraTruesdale, secretary, Carlyle. Rev. A. A. Cairns, Carlyle. Coles County. Mrs . M . B . Spears, president, Charleston . O . L . M inter, secretary, Oakland . A .T . Robertson, M . D ., Ashmore . Crawford County. Jonas M. Carlisle, M.D., pres. .Robinson. Mrs. Nora F. Berry, secretary, Robinson. John Olwin, Robinson. Cumberland County. Mrs. Alice Hanker, president, Toledo. CM. Connor, secretary, Toledo. R.F.Stevens, Toledo." DeKalb County. Chas. B. Brown, M.D., pres., Sycamore. John B.Nesbitt. secretary. Sycamore. J.M. Everett, M.D., DeKalb. DeWitt County. G.S.Edmondson, M D., pres., Clinton. B F . Hull, secretary, Clinton. Mrs America Wheeler, Clinton. Douglas County. C.W.Rutherford, M.D. ,pres., Newman. Mrs. Kate Moore, secretary, Tuscola. W A Wiseman, Camargo. Edgar County. \V . H . H off i M . D . , president, Paris . Mrs. Maggie Stout, secretary, Paris. Charles H. Lamb, Paris. Edwards County. H.C.Moss, M D., president, Albion. Mrs. Annie R Gooch, secretary, Albion. Effingham County. Sumner Clark, M .D.,pres., Effiingham. Mrs.Allice Gwin, secretary, Effingham. W.S.Holmes, Effingham. Fayette County. L.L.Morey, M .D, .president, Vandalia. Ira D. Lakin, secretary, Vandalia. Ford County. Elmer Kelso, M . D . , president, Paxton. K . P . Oleson , secretary, Paxton . Franklin County, C . M . Hudgens, M . D., Thompsonville. W . W . McCreery, Benton. Mrs.Maitha N.Dillon, Benton. Fulton County. R . A . Saville, president, Canton. W . T Zeigler, M D . , secretary, Canton . J.M.Nelles, M.D., Canton." Gallatin County. AH. Colvard. M . D . , Shawneetown . Mae Roedel, Shawneetown. Edward Rice, Ridgeway. Green County. H . A Chapin, M . D . . president. Whitehall . Mrs. Lucy A. Hodges. sec'y.. Carrollton. Stuart E. Pierson, Carrollton. Grundy County. A . E . Palmer, M . D . , president, Morris. Mrs. Eli Johnson, secretary, Morris. U .S.Allison, Gardner. Hamilton County. C.H.Anderson, M.D.,pres.. McLeansboro. Mrs. Lucy Bevis. sec'y., McLeansboro. E . A . Hogan, M . D . , McLeansboro . Hancock County. Rev. F.J. Tower, president, Carthage. Mrs . C . B .Newcomer, sec'y., Carthage. C . L . Ferris, Carthage . Hardin County. .I.E. Server, president. Elizabetown. Hattie Rittenhouse, sec'y.. Peter's Creek. R H Willingham, M D., Elizabethtown. Henderson County. George J.Morgan, president, Stronghurst. EM . Hanson, M .D., secretary. < )quawka. Frank Reeder.Terre Haute. Henry Countv. J.F. Westerland, M . D . , pres., Cambridge. Matilda Eaton. M I) , sec'y.. Cambridge. Nathaniel B Gould, Cambridge. Iroquois Comity. Win. Sievert, president, Papneau. Mrs John Giles. secretary, Gilman. C W.Geiger, M D., Gilman. 184 Table 3 < Sontinued. i WW I - • . >. . M 1 1 ( i R . ng. M D.,| res . Mi (i i; Urmsby, M l , ti »ro Jasper Count] . Mr- Jennie Wak< fit • ton. Atoll. .1 ii Maxwell. M l» .Newton. Jeffersi mi Culli.i •• ' ' \ .rtw Hall.secret irv, Mt \ ernon. John 11. Mitchell, M D.,Mt. Vernon. County. w. ii. Kulkerson, president. Jersey ville. Henn Gledhill, M 1 1 rseyville. Mr-. M.B.I rabue, Jerseyville. I,. I >..,.<-- Com W.Montgon i dena. Anna I-.. Felt.se rel ti ,letia. I- .1 . SI ifTord, M 1 >., Stockton. Johnson County. 1 1. 1 1 Burris, M 1 1 ,pres lent, Vienna. Mi sec'yi Vienna. K . A. Hundley, Jr., \ ienna. Kane Coui Mr- John 1" Ma ry. Aurora. I I >. Sisson, M l>.. Elgin. Kankakee County. I Qory Cobb, president, Kankakee. Mrs. Nettie M. Kenaga.sec'y, Kankakee. Kendall County. I I B. Bames, president, Bristol. K. II. McClellan.secn tary, Yorkville. H. P. Barnard, Newark. Knox County. .1. \ . N.Standish.M D.,pres.,Galesburg. i, S Chalmers,M D.. secretary, Galea M iss Marj 1 lazzard,< Sales County. F.C. Knights, M 1>., Wank' . I ii \,,.. ■-. M D..Antioch. C, R.< falloway. Libertyville. LaSalle County. Re> ■ L. O. Haul, pres lei '. I Ittawa. P. m Burke, LaSalle. Law rence County. William c'ar-Mn. pre-.. Lawrenceville. Ralph R.Truebloo i. sec'yi Lawrenceville. James E Mayer, Lawrenceville. o inty. Mi-. Emma R. Brookner, president, Dixon. I w . Smith, sei retarj • ' 'ixon. ■ i B. Blackman.M D., Dixon. Lis Ingsti m Counl j , J. J. Stltes, M I >., |le-ulellt, I'olltl.lC. Mr-. !•.. c. Legg • -''' retary, P< intuu . i- 1. 1. Ai-ri. Pontiai . I !( Hint v. .i I ui Meloy. M D., president, Lincoln. i an dine I .ul /. b& retarj . Lincoln. ( ;. org* I ..in man, l .incoln. Ma on Count v. M iin ui Johnson, i resident, l >e< atur. I I Hi. in n. M I >., -.-■ retai \ . I >> I atur. M i-. K .i - ' I larss I, I >e. atur. m ■ lupin Ci tunl i S.Coll H-, m i > . ; trllnville. Luctnda H Corr, M D.,sec'y,CarllnvlUe. William Mi les,< arnnvflle. I I I a-eil. Mi- Sophia DeMul I . w I iegenbaum M I > . se< retan w ardsv Ille. McCormick.Colllnsville. Mast • t i P. Hop] ing. Ml' Amanda M. Brown, Havana. nty. J. A. i )rr. : Mr-. C. P. I reat, 1- . K . V' tung, Metro; McDo I mty. J. II I >..'. !-. M I).. Mai John w w itson. Ma omb. w C Mi K >mb. ry County. W'.A Nason, president, Algonquin. Mr- II B Minear, secretary, Harvard. Charles Irwin. Nunda. . Counts . \ w . Mej er, M I >., ; re ,B1 Mrs.M.H.Ni ton, si rel ■ B Woli i m - omington. Menard County. Irving Newcomb, M D., pres., Peters H.H7SchLrding, Pi County. < ha-. W. Cartel. M . I >.. i resident, Aledo. Horace Bigelow, secretary, Aledo. Mrs. Man C. Holmes, Ale Monroe County. Henry Niebruegge,presiden1 w tei I.. Vdelsberger, M D , secretary, Waterloo Mr-. Hugh Murphy, Waterloo. M outgo i ery County. i .eo. Clot teller. M 1>.. president Hlll-boro Edward C. Richards, secretary, HUlsl Mrs. Anna Linton Sawyer, Hill-: Morgan County. II. i. i bell, president, Jacksonville. Miss Man P. Roberts, secretary, J.^ ville. Ke- C. M Brown, Jackson: ille. Moultrie County. s. w. john-on. M |).. president, Sullivan. Mrs. Mattie Harris, secretary, Sullivan. A. K. Campbell, Sullivan. i igle County. Bert lahrnev. president, Oregon. Mrs. J. mie- c. l-i— hi.-iv sgon. /.. A. I. an. hi-. ( Oregon. Peoria Counts'. Sandoi Howitz.M D., president, Peoria. Mr-. A. K. I>. Pretherbridge, secretary, Pei " ia. J. B. B irton, Bartonvllle. Pern ( !ountj , Mrs. Mary McNeill, president, Plnckney- Mile. George! Mead, M l>.. secretary, Plnck- ness Ille. Mrs. S. B. Eaton, Plnckneyvllle. Piatt County. Mrs. i M. Plunk, president, Monticello. Mrs. C. J. Bear, secretary, Monticello. W E Mat-on. M I ).. Monticello. l'ike Count} Henn l . Duffield, M D., pres., Plttsfield. Res . .I.C. I Ian, Is , -e. Tetat s . I'Mt-lieM. Mrs. Mars' 1 ate-. 1'itt-tielil. L85 Tfihlr :; Concluded. Pope County. .Mrs. H. W. McCoy, secretary, Golconda. Alonzo Glass, M.D., Eddy ville. Pulaski Count v. Charles J. Boswell.M.D., Beechwood. C. B. Powell, M.D-., Mound City. J. VV. Hood, Olmstead. Randolph County. Robert Gant, president, Chester. Mrs. R. E. Sprigg. secretary, Chester. Win. R. MacKenzie.M.D., Chester. Richland County. J. \V. Spain, president, Olney. Samuel Baker. Olney. Lucinda E. Landenberger, Olney. Rock Island County. James F. Myers, M.D., president, Rock Island. Charles E. Whitesides, M. D., secretary. Moline. F. H.Caldwell, Milan. Saline County. A. \V. Lewis, Harrisburg. \Y. S. Swan. M D., Harrisburg. Mrs. J. J. Parrish, Harrisburg. Sangamon County. George Pasfield, M.D.. president. Spring- lield. Mrs. John M. Palmer. secretary, Springfield H. R. Riddle, M.D. , Mechanicsburg. Schuyler Connty. Fred Harvey, M D., president, Rushville. Maxwell Kennedy, Rushville. Mrs. John S. Bagby, Rushville. Scott County. W. C. Day, M . D., president, Winchester. Mrs. Henry Miner, secretary, Winchester. John H. Coats, Winchester. Stark County. W. H. Cottom, president, Toulon. Mrs. S. W. Smith, secretary, Toulon. E. B. Pocker, M.D.. Toulon. Stephenson County. J. F. Fair, M.D , president. Freeport. Miss Winnie L.Taylor, secretary, Freeport. Louis G. Voigt, Freeport. Tazewell County E. F. Unland. president, Pekin. William E. Schenk, M .£)., secretary, Pekin. Elica Hodgson, Pekin. Union County. J. C. Stewart, M D., president, Anna. Mrs. Emily W. N orris, secretary, Anna. George C. Parks. Anna. Vermilion County. Walter J. Brown, M. D., president, Dan- ville. Wabash County. Mrs. Henry T. Goddard, president, Mt. Carmel. George C. Kingsbury, M. D., secretary. Mt Carmel. Jacob Zimmerman, Mt. Carmel. Warren County. J. R. Ebersole, M. D., president, Mon- mouth. Mrs. Emma Kilgore, secretary, Monmouth. Furney Jones, Monmouth. Washington County. William D. Carter. M.D, president, Nash- ville. Mrs. Rebecca Lane, secretary, Nashville. Newton F. Jones. Nashville. Wayne County. Francis Bean, M.D., president, Fairfield. Mrs. R. N. Jessup, secretary, Fairfield. George M. Norris. Fairfield. White County. Mrs. LucyC. Berry, president, Canni. William A. Steele. M.D.. secretary, Carmi. Clarence M. Meade, Carmi. Whiteside County. R. A. Matthew, M.D, president. Morrison. Robert Wallace, Morrison. Mrs. J. H. Green, Morrison. Will County. John Beckwith, president, Joliet. J. F. Courtney, M.D.,Lockport. E. R. Nadelhoffer, Joliet. Winnebago County. William H. Fitch. M.D., president. Rock- ford. Mrs. Nellie T. Rew, secretary, Rockford. A. Thornton Lindgren, Rockford. Woodford County. Joseph I. Knoblanch, M. D., president, Metamora. John L. MacGuire, secretary, Metamora. Mrs. Susan M. Elk in, Eureka. L8H Table [V. List of tuperintendents of county almshouses and tin ir postoffice address. Name > onahue. . ., w M, ( , A. D. Sefton C. W. M( Kill 1.. I». M.irr .i. Lew i- \\ eller S M . Bean B. w. Collins Thomas Sykes Mansfield sinister. John t fault Mat. McMurphy M Brown.. L. J. Wilkinson Joseph W. Miller JetT Hagler I i I arnesi w V.Smith. i . R. Mourning m i i oil ns John Slack - I Keyes V.< M < '1 Paloma Unity < ireenville Belvidere rling . . . Princet. 1 lanlin Mr. Carroll Hln rT Springs. . Urbana < (waneco. Marshall Louisville Carlyle Asbmore I tunning Trimble Toledo DeKalb Ilallville Tuscola Wheaton Paris Albion Effingham Vamlalia Henton Canton ( )maha Carrollton Morris McLeansboro. Carthage Elizabethto* n. Oquawka G Watseka Carhondale . Falmouth, . ... Mt. Vernon, rille. ( falena Vienna t ieneva Kankal John Cook i \. Vpple; I .aw rence Men isey i; I M .. Clyde I w \ I Nc| rt Edward bpellman . w \ Kirkman . John i ,i\ eny John ( Kt K. II. Pigg Conrad Suft. Samuel Armstrong. J. ihn Beck man i M, Math, w- Knoxville Libertyvllle ... < Ittawa Lawrences ill f . Dixon I'ontiai I .incoln I >i ratur Carlinvllle Edwards^ [lie.. Salem Sparland ... Teherai 'lis.. . . Mai'oinb 187 Table TV.— Concluded. COVXTIES. Name of Superintendent I'oMotlice address. McHenry McLean Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery , Morgan Moultrie Ogle Peoria Perry.. Piatt Pike *Pope Pulaski Putnam Randolph Richland Rock Island . Saline Sangamon Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson .. Tazewell Union Vermilion Wabash Warren Washington .. Wavne White Whiteside Will Williamson. .. Winnebago .. Woodford George Mills P. A. Karr John H. Cox \Y. P. Zentmire Dr J.C.Fultz S. E. Barringer M. A. Carroll Will Warren Charles A. Betterbener Frank Watson A.M. Watts Hen Cole William Pringle J( ihn K irschner John K. Whitewell... A. D. Hartley Xancv J. Brinkley.... J. C. Swank John Douglas S. T Metcalf J. R. Leary James A. Linolthers. J. L. Heinz Fred Fleming Wm. G.Hill. James A. Eells J. I. Hollinsworth William Goddard William Morris Jacob Smith J. Mower John F. Murphy Charles L. Keen John H. King Ira Wilsey Charles Rost , John Lee K.C. Miller Frank R. Murray Hartland Bloom ington. . Petersburg Aledo Waterloo Hillsboro Jacksonville. . . Sullivan Oregon Banna City. . . . Pinckneyviile . Monticello Pittsheld Olmstead Henepin Chester Olnev Coal Valley.... Harrisburg Buffalo Rushville Winchester. ... Shelbyville Toulon Belleville Freeport Tremont Anna Danville Mt. Carmel. ... Monmouth Nashville Fairfield Carmi Round Grove. Joliet Marion Rockford Metamora * Xo almshouse. ; ^ *" - c - < 35 -~ z c: - c-. - --. X •— — - sa £ ; 888888888888§5c ~i E l - - u 1 — t: 1- u 1 - >->- -r- 1M) ■j: — — r: /: >- — bioa -nosio-fict-nooiHoeu 3; J. c c- 1 1- ~ .-c — — . - ■ - _ - 2 a .•n-cr::-; ire r- ' MMOOC-OOOC- re -r ~ l~ ~ ~ i - t . ~ ~ — r.Ti-: T] ?] i~ ?J — . r. <~ I- C: '.T ?] *,£ CI " n ■ ■ is as — — i IS — 03 • ~~ © — " to ■ -* -'■ ■> i ■* ~r TTirt ~ -^ C: — C 8 — = •-[ -r-;i;i«^?lC- — c: 2 r.--x L-: i-ric .- — •- a3Ti — « sic]-.; ~. •£ i --ccr.r.;ir.:iii»::i;-r.i c - a .- -. r. — i- i- to - — WW -*t c*oc* cT*— "cT-r sf t-*t-^— oc — *•.£ c*T* ea — -.r ri o ■ x ? C oe^t-oc so c _ • c -/: :r. MONcaoc ■eerie - , e Xi-S -cons—I -MOVtCC ■ — 1 m a. c. t- • <.: El = SSS8SSSSS888SS8S ©S2Q2SSSS5S222S2 . , tM US CM 53 »-l — — SS CM lH -.r c -c — o • c - « s 1 1 O • ~. • i'^^CIC ■ — — •— • :C -* O Oi l~ »~ ] CM US CD C • US — US ' — — LtXt-O '—" — — m : — 'ac'sf ■ccuseJi-TiHec a,— • ~- ■ ;i _ - ~ - ! : — ~ t Ji 55 x - r: Y ~ > - C ""* ^ — ht > -%^ — — j; e l< z z rz^.. . - S-c — t. _ Z.-~^-~ — -r_r.r.f.-Z-_'Z. R S£2S4>2--o2"S-S«3 55g: o c oiSi|§-c-g|l«i : il>i° Zi:0'/.?-0/.--i7.-///.^-- I'M » — - — ---'- - - - ^ S •£ = • " - - T3S — — ."i — Fi -. •'- •> i' £ ?• — .'•: ." £ '- S J ' — ~ - _; L '— - : '- ~ LI ?z ?z : : z ^*: — >~ ~~ r — ■ ~ -~- Z — '- '— ~ r.-r io55 © os /■-.-— - — w cP B § <5i - r .- r.-:i:::i:i' ! i S 8 S S *° S ' 1:,- -:!" :ir.;.-.£i-; /: .-7 /: ? i — — t 35S 30 s 3 8S8 8 88 8 8885 iifg§§i§f§8J i E E = E 111 as •-- — -::.- BE B - ' - S" r% • -" r. . ? ~ ' - i s — ! ? i . ■ — ." « Jfgj — ■j: rj 7 I - - r > g g - -■•a 8llE-ii|53| / — - -~ a - o ■ §. -i a SSnul i,'/Sje.2.5 *= Ei ■ :i- 2rS* S«C Si: ii— * - - / = — ^-^ X~ — - k" - — *■ — r e »»•* ■*- £ jf "r '/ '/ T 1 ~^: — . - .h • CCCcH z - ~ ■' 191 2 3q 33 00 ;. « -^-^ -Ki 1 — "c~ a « a os o T~H o __-w SS >S — I > - => 'S- -,. :- --- ^ 5i 05 — a i i. ^ > Eh Total. I co y ©- 55 391 14 2(12 62 120 95 1,067 23 474 17 371 22 176 79 814 30 816 73 531 81 364 or, 645 78 12,495 is 339 02 404 :u 572 14 140 89 424 51 487 71 twit; 48 108 05 a re: — i- 3-. — c<" CO — i.- ©.- - 3. :c © 35 » 35 © 3- -r Cli-i-.c £ Mcosnpc; re -r rt 30 CM ff 3. — ^: -r BC E Of CO© 55 M Asylum for Feeble- minded, Lincoln. o> LO 3* 71 40 47 70 28 66 39 11 8 90 64 40 116 65 457 91 28 50 155 16 5,378 60 28 25 47 81 140 89 10 80 145 90 198 43 107 55 139 93 60 15 3 03 185 97 33 11 95 55 3 90 — = C-00 Institution for the Blind, Jackson- ville. CO CD 71 ■a :i • o : 3". CM 03 ©OS CO -f -*CO MCIt-i 3". O CO CO ^•CO — t— Cl S 3. 3. X OS C-00 CCC1 School for the Deaf, Jackson- ville. 3 o co" 53 -*oo CM ci OS ~i~ - CO t— CO cm«#-j 30 Cl — \a ci co -I 30 CO ■9 CO 34 50 31 86 12 94 18 17 - LO Asylum for Insane Criminals, Chester. 00 ©co© CI CI — < 3-. coco SOrH 0310 CM OS CO c— rO 03 55 co o m i.c — i-a-CO «00 o © Cl cj CO t— Asylum for Incur- able In- sane. South Bartonv'le CO 35 12 79 14 11 10 (10 30 56 8 71 oa ci 35 X -r Clr- -f C1C1C) A s ri ©©t- CI — t- Cl 7. CO CM go 03CO CO CC 0-* C— ^4 00 -r oo Cl cbcj — 11 66 22 58 2 64 25 96 © 1/0 Western Insane Hospital, Water- town. CI CM •2 00 00 CM CM OS -r CO Ct 3. CO 3. 35 33 Southern Insane Hospital, Anna. o© 55 co CM CM 33 O0 ^*C1 o 5 t— o M © Cl l.O -rcc oo r* 05 co 3". CCCV5 Cl c— t— OS Cl © © 3 CO Central Insane Hospital, Jackson- ville. M CO o CO as CM Cl 00 ITS CO o OS co C! 00 CO 00 OS CI X 00 CO CO in CO 33 Cl 00 00 CJ CO • Cl • Eastern Insane Hospital, Kankakee. mo 30 3. CC o OS £ 00 00 CO 03 CO 3 CO Cl CC! •3 OS — CO JO O0C1 OS -X s Cl © CO Northern Insane Hospital, Elgin. g CM © 3» CO 1(5 c— so Cl •>* CO Cl o t— 00 Cl CO V C U tt. E s •a <3 In 41 — a X K < — PP z o C 3 :-; 11 Im a C -E re o R U c : a 3 - - J* - > 7-. O E C a c a — c — c CB it V a V Q 9 a 5 Q - - - 71 i — Cl ~z r. ~ it E b 1 t 1 7-. — — 1* c c - s 1 e •3 c E a X J4 c. C > s 7-. X 7 1 a V X 33 192 c - z - 1 t X / r " I I 1 - 7 <• r I £ - - - _ : 5 : : sc 7 y * E = c -- s : S r T • « SSSS - I 5 7 J~ 1-1 ■ ! i : s — / .- -- 5 : i - "" -* — i .-. -: , i- n s M — .-. — 39 ■ - - (C — C I ! I — ■ - — . .- — t — s -J — - ' - - . J — - 7 S S sooec S ; = 2 -- : : £ 8 : -_ Asj linn idi Insane c Criminals, Chester. L'l Hi :cc - " - y. — X ^7 < r i s -- = r r. c 1 1 - --Z t- is r. ri — B: .- — - - c c — si r. r. t- — :i: i - /- :i — • -. rt x n ^ s s 2SSS£«SSS8aS«PSP5Sa5Sgg - X -i- — « = . — ' - - ~- l. ■ *> - - u - 7 7--* i- -: • i thern 1 tisane I lospiral, Anna. 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OcjO ■-^ CI co -- t-ffii-.----.-x;icz::] r. — c r. o :-. — o rt cm •-=■ ■ - — t- be ■ !S i is - i |M -~ NO-'IO : [- _ r: [ f — < — Tfl -HOT 'B U g-8 CO -T — -PI- CM ?] eo t* coco usee O os t- us OJ ^i t- i- i~ — t- rt x i- iC •- ■«■ eg to -t — a id s c CO ■•— I -co — '- HsS'Si-' .E n be — X ■a coc^i E E J <2 BC 5W5 B BS8« ,S S.3V.|-S J'--^-^ — — ^w-- 1 "— Bj.g 1- C - if' - x = l- i-*-*"! ^ ci> s~ — c.= d" = c ■- c_ o iO>k.: c— _~ c*" 1 *" o c x 1 *-. . - _ co l_ — ~ £ C r*<*- — — r- 71 'Si COTJ k- £ x o B 3 S? nC to ~ E?^ --rS O rt^. cu c '■" K 13 b e 00 O O O ■*■— — : f - i s j" : T : i 7) V) » - — ning - ' ii ii 1 ( ii r ! - Cbaritabli a ii il K a r 1 n - . - — - z - — -z s - < i-i-r.;:i- : - — : : — — - _" _' - - s - Z- — ? 1 ~ i r*t n - — — — — - — firmary liers'Wid OWS' Hume /:■-!-. . - ( ) r plums' Eiome . Soldiers' and Sailors' Home - : - — / — _ : . ■ - * _ — .-—-- - i ?-. - t-. ■- — ? i c r i c i V, i :.-(•;.: _ t-;i :i:i-,---:.;./ r. _ r * • nx nn^x.^ritir: r:" r: r: " r: " r: :t r: -m - -rr::: xS rt: >. 3S«aM3 ji -» « • t a eg — - - > / f Z Z — ! A-vlnm foi ble-Mindi /: y. i - •; ; 1 1 - /. i - r- r. _ r r s z r ■-.-.- z. =. z — ririciTiriri^-r-rTnrt — — — .".-.-■- z _ - • / _ - ? i .z Industrial Home fur the Blind. ■ -•-. — ,-- z z z z I II St It 1 1 1 ti ill fur the Blind ?ii"t-Mi"r.t---?:/ ---' -z — A t- »~ ? i -» t- t- -r s rt — ri u- ■ r ■.-: Lt i - i - i - i - sc i - 33 z~. c N — — ? i .-•: M — ■- -z -z -z t r i j i — p u £ ~ : * - School f it the Dl :' Asylum fur In sane Criminals im fur In- curable Insane. Western Insane l lospital St^OQHi^t^AC — y " .-^ ? i i • i - -• — :* y — — — i— — - ~ i — ~i.~ — NNnnnnnnnn8esn9nneemnoQMnnnninii:is - — Southern Id l lospital :i,r-r: /-:i-;ir.r. ■::i.-r/ z. — U — r — .- — x /■ OR es coed iQ«QS QW r. r i a i i-ki:m,-- ~i i - . - v — 7 171 ?-. ~r -r -T -r <-. ir \Z Z Z. Z - - . I I • I S 5 - — r — ~ n : Centra] Insane 1 lospital • rn Insane Hospital Northern Insane Hi'-t'it.d ■ - J ' * ■ : i :• ■ : .^ - i — • - — ~ — — i - r z. • i 7. / — n ' -j . .-. r. r. r- . Tin — 7i.'i?iti?iti: _ ■ ~~ * ' ■ 29 ' "■ '- j ' ■ r •z - " y ~ ~ "-' $ ffl -• 5 ~ : '• — ?"■ "i m H ~ Vi ~ — K ';' ~ z- — /• ^ — — • ' — ■ ■ : i r-. — -:i.--.-'.-i-/r.;-:ir:- ■: u * ^ i '_ I- 0/ c « * 223 TABLE XIV— DURATION OF SCHOOL TEEMS AND VACATIONS. 1903. School for the Deaf. Jacksonville Term of 1902-03 closed od Wed- nesday, June 10. 1903; vacation of thirteen weeks and six days; term of 1903-04 opened Wednesday. Sept, 16, 1903. Institution for the Education of the Blind. Jacksonville — Term of 1902-03 closed on Tuesday, June 2. 1903; vacation of fourteen weeks; term of 1903-04 opened Wednesday, Sept. 9, 1903. Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children. Lincoln — Term of 1902-03 closed on Friday. June 2(5. 1903; vacation of nine weeks and two days; term of 1903-04 opened Sept. 1. 1903. Soldiers Orphan's Home. Normal — Term opened on the first Mon- day in September, and closed on the last Friday in May: no vacation, except legal holidays and between Christmas and first day of Janu- ary. 1904. School for the Deaf. Jacksonville — Term of 1903-04 closed on Wednesday. June 8, 1904; vacation of fourteen weeks and six days: term of 1904-05 opened on Wednesday, Sept. 21. 1904. Institution for the Education of the Blind, Jacksonville — Term of 1903-04 closed on Tuesday, June 7, 1904: vacation of fourteen weeks: term of 1904-05 opened on Wednesday, Sept, 14, 1904. Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, Lincoln — Term of 1903-04 closed on Thursday. June 30, 1904: vacation of eight weeks and six days; term of 1904-05 opened on Thursday. Sept. 1, 1904. Soldier's Orphan's Home, Normal — Term opened on first Monday in September, and closed on the last Friday in May; no vacation except legal holidays and between Christmas and the first day of January. 224 .__-■=--_ - L.~ s« §<£, -2 3g > X - - - anil K;ir Inlir- inarv. Ch Soldiers' W i fl- ows' II Wilmington So Id I .il i ers' and re" Home, ble - Minded, Lincoln Institution for the Blind.Jack- ■ ille School for the t. Jackson- ville :i for III Bane Criminals, Chester Asylum for In- cnrable Insane, South Barton - ville.. Western Insane I lospital, Water town Southern 'I I lospital, Anna ] Insane l lospital, Jack Bonville Insane Hospital, iKan kakee Northern Insane I li ispital, Elgin i - - -\ — -c :x:ii-.:: - ?- — Tir^ — M ." — " - E x i - StvS - = = — c _ 3 .JE9ct» '^'^'^--diiii.^.-- 225 •_: r. n z: c M »o x x co 01 o X * 3". co -*• co 01 10 r- t~ 3ici-* © cit.'ro co co 10 t- o i- i- \3 — "3 ~ c? cc — -*• r > — - CO CO J" C1C-1 Hnn c- LO «S ?1 CI ™ CO — CO 10 10 iO CO i-l 01 CO CO I- ] C I i-H — I — "3 CM — 10 — — HMeNHH 01 . i-H— • -CMiHiH CO • 01— > i-icuooooiraco ■ ■** 1.0 so co -r ■ o — x — r.-r;icjN-*« c i :i--:t-ci--F- ClinMJtrtOMHfOerHH — -rC I ■ C 3- 31 O CO CO ■* t-roooonrt««ci?i-i-r-3. cim i-t CO • »-< • O] CO i-l i-l • 1-1 ■ — -CI -.3 rH C) hi:M-hhh rt rt —C i-H CO i-H ■ - — i- CO — CO 31 LO O] iTS lO CO ^h — 13 — * CD CO -.3 13 — CC ] 31 rH ■ 1.0 C- Cvl ^ -H 0O -t- CO "3 — — < — CO -+ 01 -f O i-l ^i-t — 'OlCO^i-H-J- ■ Eii -7 =^^-cu5>, XX -15 B C 22r- phans' Home, Normal S • « 1 il uts' and Sailors' Home, Quincy Asylum for Fee- ble Minded. Lincoln - s. r 1 1 - r i A.-.*--:: - :,.: — / — . - r i . _ — ,-•-__ Institution for the Blind.Jack- sonville School for the I >eaf, Jackson- vUle Asylum for In sane Criminals, Chester Asylum for In- curable Insane. South Barton ville \v. stern Insane 1 1 ospital, Water- town Southern Insane Hospital, Anna NC4C9^f*C0GQOC4C4CB il Insane I lospltal, Jack- BOm ille rn Insane I [ospital, Kan kakee \. Hi em Insane l (ospital, Elgin 3 fe S a E ■ «• * r. — ~~—- :- :^7 Total ■- ec co c — e X c S r — C/5t— OQOC re ci ci — CI — .-- 1 - — /• £ " ~ I - : i : C or c •Ot-tO - vc Mi- — - ccc Training School for Girls, Gen- eva H - : CM CI o ■ - - Charitable E y e i-- and Ear Intirm- ary, Chicago nM3;nni»j;oocCHi--ii-ci-i-rt-.t»i3M):oi- r — Soldiers' Willows' _ Home, Wil- mington ^ — 30 • ~ - Soldiers' () r - phans' Home, CM - 00 -CI - "* Soldiers'and Sail- ors' Home, CI -*CJ to to-* -* cc -* cc us ci cc cc o — t-i T-* ci ci OO CM CI CI OCI-D- KM Asylum for Feeble - Mind- ed, Lincoln cccj -"- 1 - -HMO CI ClCMrH ~~ ----- -- Industrial Home for the Blind, Chicago rt 00 ■ Institution for the Blind, Jackson- ville MM HrlH CI CO -# rl CM CI OS — < ,-( i.C OO ^ - - School for the Deaf, Jackson- ville m 95 cm 1-1 eo in -* Ci iC UO -H CI -r CC ; CO CM CM rt i-H CM ■*NMlS00>1"*Nin Asylum for In- sane Criminals, Chester CM CO • - - — : Asylum for In- curable Insane, South Barton - ville 3 - 1 •* CO - O ;iH OO -"CM Western Insane Hospital, Wat- o CM m CO ; Southern Insane Hospital, Anna oo 2S -<* ICOOO o o as Central Insane Hospital, Jack- cc 1/3 - ITS CI CO OS CI Eastern Insane Hospital, Kan- kakee r< e» r- ci ,— ' ■ in «C5 ' OO OO o !S : Northern Insane Hospital, Elgin c- o : 00 • CM IIC Counties. ■J £ < 4 — C B y * < ■c 4 - c EC (X — */ '5 C C 3 C 7 tj > r z - C 1 5 Li c > — 4 01 1. : — 7] — E 1 fc — fe 3 — •i 1 1 4 — B > B a EC! •>->H - - : - ^ £ - - - - - - — f.>r i ■ ,, . . • -., ■ Eye and Ear Inlirm Soldiers'Widows' I [ome, W 1 1 mingfa S ( i I 1 1 l v i hans' lormal 1 [ome, Soldiers'and Sail- II ome, Quincy X - -r — m - •» — ? i ii ill fur ?l _ e - M mil Lincoln.. . Industrial 1 1 for the Blind. Chicago :i.::n Meaf, Jackson- ville Asylum for In • ■ Criminals, Chester Asylum tor In ■ ible Insane, ith Barton- w ■ ten l nsane Hospital, Wat ertow n... Southern Insane Hospital, Ann. i Ho pital, Jack- - ;t; £ gjE Si V « c "•*? g fti ee f E " .- : 3 >. o 4) i S3 «j £ « ■ — ; — ; .. ^ ^ - ._ ~ - ------ w >. 229 1 - - T. c- c COOfflOO ? 1 - - r'i - M — NOOM H» = 8 CC Z. — — CC ■ -. H001O!6 fl — X n - - * i - CO-H in - - - M OS ! l — .- tf: i~ i~ i-r — — ?i ?i i* ?i c— ri OHCQOQNN30N — -:i: . t i so — i - — M ri =o • MM AlOH^ CO - CD 00 — : 3 — . 3 CC -H CM [— CO — K»JlM-;H-MC-j:-IMMn i-l CM CI CI ann^n CO CM - M "-- CI — — 7 i m ^ cc — w — m -N:in*oo 01 — 3! c. cs iHin i-H COiH :•] - in i-< co ^1 - MH CM i-H 01 CO M i— fTO CM OO^Hi-tC-CO^H^i.-ClOJ-f — 710 0JH co - :-c . c i— oi co in cd — — -^i i-( oo en -~ — CI o — ■>* 03 - ri ;CM ^* oo N c— m F> i-ItH - e B5 m 00 CM | CM 1-1 m '---- — c- co " -r CO to OSOC5 ■CD C3 in 5: CM « -- O M cm cot- t- ■*■-* 00 OO ■«JI \B - - co CM CO in CD CI to cm : i eo c c< b c % 4 ) 4 - _- _ * \ ' ft c — r "7 7 C b a / 1m ttj >. 3 Z U '" 7 7 i 7 7 C 7 7 11 ~- 7 1 S _ a B J- 1 - 1- C a > i e c : t c "7 5 t 4 z 1 _4 7 : C ; » • c ; c; C 1 1 : | 7 J C E- 230 — - i — - • - ' •' _ _. _ | £ J fe* ^ : * 9: y. '- Chai • ;iinl Far Infirm :irv. i Soldiers' Wid o w s ' Hi Wilmington phans* Home, -> Normal . Soldiers' and Sail- ore' II nine, Quincy. • • S — i - - • ; r.r.--:i:::i-; / -.-.- ■ £5 S "S = c -. o4 5 © o 5s < BIS - " ci — st r i : : ! - >. ? > rt i - — .- : : / E -, 7 : - — — - — - Asvlum for Fee- '■- - ble - M i d il e -*• oo cc © ■ -f • e © -f a; c i cc © t- o <•+ x t- o © x oo t © oa O ^h ue t- ire « re © © c 1 1 - ri «Ci*:iit /. r.-'iT'TicOOl ir^Cjooni cTt^cf ©" i.t-'w*^* cf©Tci t- ©"cootfofoT^i^OieQ-^'cf'i-rc^oac-e ?©"-* ai"ie'-£ — ©"©"" -- 1-*~ — — — r*-^' t-Toio CC ?J W H W ih w r- i © CC r- ©•r^eiCCCC--^©C]--Cl^HCeei©*-HCl»— Cl -*■•--< Cl©Cli-iCC»-«i-' e 1 — 1 iTD ^ ©» -h •- r ■ - if? CO CC — M — co 7 CO CO CT; CO OS LO C-Ci -t coco CMi-H So • M •CC -!• cS *"* 1-1 T- CM CM '"' ^ CO ^H • t-o OMc-jwt — r x — x L-" OXOOCOiOOCI i-i i-i X i0 CO "CO n .-- •- ?i • •- .-- • « oo t^ it t- i' x ro -fixt-w^ict' CO x c; t- c Nrtrt COi-ICOi-i • • • o • ■ • • co »o m ■ O cc ■ 10 • c- .- "^ re -~ C^CO /: ■ OCO CO COLO CO CO _ CM CM s cD ft co th ic if: ■ »-h . o cc — • -co -rt»/:f]iHTH"C ■ t— — IO CM O CO •O CC CO CO CO C- CO CO CO CO CO t— CO CO 1 L— ^J* CO CO CO CO CO ■ co O CO CO CO i-HCO •o CM -t* CM cc CMi- 1 ~* 1.0 -* o©c ©©©©©■© ©©©©©©©■ MQIONPNC SOlQNlCC ^ iT Ji © oo i-i ci p j cc "*■ oc © * -t- © c © to cc ; © — C © © © : wSoqiqQohoc '* - © m — cc © © © © .e © ic i— < oo © © ^ © © © -+ © -+ <© © -f © oo x 0? j e © wnfix © © t— ».c c- ic -^ ,_, ,-H © — © NkOCJiHl.^Wi-tMHI': jOiSaOOrtrirtni.'JnQOWWMt-OlHwWM CI i-i i-t i-l C) Cl -* i-j.cifi.: © © © » e © cc ©. i - x © t- © © © ?• l x -rc-o>WWQOao«DWC :txr: ~ — x © © > e re i - > c © :i .: t - — c i ie -+ cc — ci © i-H i* t— © -f -t- i.t l- cc © cc © — © — © ^- — -r : oc © c i © ce -h Irs Oi O »c ~ © re x i - T-i .-c © :t — © -e i i-i.tm?i :: t LT> 00 t- I'wiT CC ' Cl^-* wihW O-^f lOr-I^CMNCO«DeoeO -:i — •£ C C u •/, b : zti-t ■j re C.77 E-S5- /. — — ^^^ ■<-'•'•* -^ <.<.<.<.<. i 233 s ** o •/. -- - a; £ as ■4 > : -- 3£ ""3 Y- 5 QD 5s: | J "Tg ' — § a | 'A -to ^~ •g 5s> -^ s > XI w < Total — cl w c- ^HViOf^aiHNNHHioO'^OcDtSoQcqioHOniAOraHn S: w ;*eacq ^< eg coco ^ cm in oaowN «o ^iToo oo cot* eo cot-- cc s' -c S c*cc < - — * Hwrlm — ci-tTOCMiii-iTOi-- — — .ci--,— . — cm — n ,~ — c i — — Training School 5S for Girls, Ge- — neva SO CM i- .- ,- ■CCCC — i ■TO — LO — X t-c- TO -r c- CO ,- c CC OS TO CC C 1 r. : i m o •c t- CO ■ ■ Charitable E y e and Ear Infirm- ary, Chicago. .. 52 mo 11 238 936 II 127 147 298 240 432 360 15 588 32,906 III 236 535 341 512 62 84 2(12 30 305 263 HO 387 IT 336 333 123 Soldiers' Wid- o w s' H o in e, Wilmington OO to in ■ ■ oc ■ cc cc ■ -CM -TOTO I- TJ M TO CC — • o •OO •CO n 7 i.O • CO • CO • Soldier s' ( )r- phans' Home, Normal 8S LOO cc 55 C E- 1, 160 1,460 1.095 730 365 365 10,212 1,095 1,825 365 W I.O o ■c c ; r -TO TO L- , - — i - •c — CI CO t^oo £ CM cc TO -TO So 1 (1 i e r s' and Sailors' Home, Quincv -* © o O CC — ' -^■ooco CO 3,517 7,876 1,098 2,020 3,622 2.717 8,942 1,901 '.152 2,098 52,165 405 767 2,038 2.049 639 730 1,837 1,011 959 2,507 420 513 10,917 593 1,360 709 .A s \ i u ill tor cm w m- -t- c- oo Feeble - Mind- — *„-,m*,-* rt ' eil, Lincoln .... 1,695 2,675 5,973 3,817 3,616 2, 196 963 4,301 155,583 1.416 732 3,993 4,1, S3 1,603 2,196 2,266 633 2,196 2,130 1,987 1,321 6,193 '. 55 2,562 963 1,395 Industrial Home for the Blind, Chicago — TO CO CO CO TO CM rr t- •CO •-* CO CO Institution for the Blind. Jack- sonville CM-r 00 o 247 275 275 37(1 825 1,085 274 549 550 21,919 275 275 1,339 M in CO 1 School for the «,^SiS5 Deaf, Jackson- _' ,-j ville 1,076 2,085 1,345 1,345 269 538 1,015 28,823 r— s: yi ~ ~ s^ ~ TO :- cc cc ." 00 lOK3 MMC 1,076 319 807 1,345 2,027 269 1,076 538 1,345 Asylum for In- "8S sane Criminals, ,-" Chester 7 1 CC CC m cc cc C-.TO TO CC c- ccc. OO cc cc — -c c — TO TO — GO CXI CO s TO •c -c cc cc coco — ■- ~ i — CC cc TOCO -*■ CO c- • t- • Asylum for In- curable Insane. South Barton - ville 4,613 1,672 1,407 2, 168 1,108 1,830 366 366 3,642 1,830 1 , 352 732 1,098 76,519 640 1,007 2,196 1,088 1,098 1,464 1,461 1,161 1,098 732 366 5,389 1,098 993 1 , 352 732 Western Insane Hospital, Wat- ertown r. X us CM T f • o •CM N •-* Southern Insane Hospital, Anna CC SO XL- into 8S : CMO • e-i"« . o CM ■- r i i - C1CT: — , C0COO5 ^J-" C* CO f CM CM eJ c o oo cc* ,-r l-: oi" Central Insane Hospital, Jack- CO CO* TO * CO CM i-l -it in ■ o — .— " c. ~"i cc" CM oi" ,- c T IT CN o 00 Eastern Insane Hospital, Kan- kakee CI eg CM 3 o CO i-i as us c. s CO oo" •c , - i- .-- 00 s CO ircT 33 es • i-O TO CM ■ Northern Insane Hospital, Elgin. OS .7 -r OO -■ cc «5 5 s. Counties. = -c < a. - c ► a, < — 1 z a C c z V- 1 u / r. - c - 1 E 7 >- r - C C I — c - 5 u " c a. D : 1 b C X 1 -I - 7 ■x a. — 5 c i- — - z > 2 E C3 - l':;i z C — - X ^ fur I ueva — ti — cc Charitable and Ear Inlinn ary.Chli < Soldiers' Wid- owa' II" in «•, Wilmington Soldier phans' Home, ma] - — ' ■:'< — — — .- n — i - r i — — — BNh 1 i e r -' and S Quincy - : z : i — i- i- - I :§ : | :| :" r i — 7 I — ce — r. ~ - t z z > - / - - ~-'~ — i»;i-i-i--rr:.:i-i- c— " .-" in tli-'rii-i— ~ — z i--::i-. - --;:i:i- — 7 1 r : i u iii f o r I .-. Mir.d- i .incolo [ndostrlal Home for th<- Hlmil. Chicago S- . Z z. ~ .-.•-. -\- i — 7 i ■ — r. m:i- • - ? i , - t i y. y. •; _ ? - l ' — 3 ;-■;!- ■ :i 2 — £ i; .~: :i — v; r . - - ,- — _ i; — M — - 1 — ri occ Institution f o r Blind, Jack- hiih i lit- School fur the I >eaf, Jackson ville ■- — fcir;:: ;.--ri 71.-7 — 7-7 — — — r: ~~J 8, . 9 — r Z '. : i 5 * : : r y — - y : — z - y n * r i 7- 1' r i • i - . . i - . 7 i - < - i - ■:i:::i:M:in L-tf5icoooc3 — r r — — Asylum f<>r In- sane Criminals, Chester mi for In curable Insane, South Hart. hi ville \ li r: : i - / r re S. . 7 I 7 I _- 7 I 7 I • 7 I y. _ * — — _ffi««opt- £6 a = c ' - 7 i •_ r r: _ i - i - — c .-7 r. r. 7 1 77 r. -r 7 Western Insane Hosj Ital, W • own. Southern Insane I lospital, Anna 7Z .1 Ill-.IIIC li pital, J Bonville Hospital, Kan kakee i nsane II- ; tal, i fed — y .7 L — 2 If. - 3. 2 'ZZ £f = r r 7 5 Jf r -cCn^- w'fjdjru - - - i -^- y ^ % j£ \4 -x 'X _: J _:_:_:_: y. £ ESS £ IS -j y. «s < y. y y. 5 235 1 r r. — oco -r O r-. — C- »1 X 33,618 8,082 15,489 5,088 19,456 19,035 63, 767 14.233 1 ■r r. 17.159 10.853 20.526 9,697 100,356 27. 930 53 T X TO ■* cd ri t-« cm *i cd cd 1 1 .-h 8 D. CO" in 1- 11 BO §5 o 6 pj in CD TO in ■ os m - CD --t-CD • 58 sis TO TO TO O UP rH • in •CO •CO OS Q CM 11 i- z r. .■. © O O TO Q Os so ec CO cr c7t-T th li o in o cm o ii o TO-^Xt ft'Ot- 1-T.-H 11* rH C-OQ-S- — OH-KOO — CI CD . 1 X DC Tl c- 1 re- DC ^t'1'COiOw»C > .t-H in r^TOCDoTr-Tc7 cT in m in - CD CD OTOTO 00 m" 10, 796 3,535 2,830 29,562 3,558 866 7,931 M cd to cc — c — n -d c D- x x r- ■.-::r.:ir.i"-:iH cd t- © 7 1 — — CC — CD7I — 7 1 11 O -t" t^HCD TOM —l t~ CD —i Li CM CM TO oo O CO in 6,266 1,464 2,884 7,171 1,329 1,464 2,928 732 •465 366 1,098 2,848 4, 743 2,727 11,763 1.731 366 366 1,098 6,940 2, 19(5 3,444 2,386 6,273 1,098 626 1,881 3, 005 2,533 3,280 6, 394 2,562 4,055 4,326 q 05 TO 11 to o TO iT5 -f US OOCOrt 11 CD 11 TO TO TO in CM o cm MO in © m cmoocm CO CM m ■* LI tocm m CM D. CO o TO CM MCI D. CD C1.H o eg in inogoom l- il O lit- ca m c- o cm 8 CD in 4,532 269 269 1,883 760 269 1,157 345 339 538 1,027 1,076 538 1,345 2, 394 269 8 00 lOIQQCO in oo oo o TO" rH 0000H^.-*-OS^"CDOS-H COTO-*-*OCD— C-CD Jl CM m C- TO CD CM CD' O O] 00 Os TO ii CM ;«§ x ee cd D. CD CD LI TO TO CM TO t- CM CO CD CD TO CMOS C-O C-00 cm" OO DSCD CD' CD CD' -t* • 00 CO CD CD CD *D • DC CD TOTOTO -f -O TO OS CO in CO 2,716 366 2,910 13,045 245 732 1,621 732 732 f t-fTriX^-rcCr t't t^ClC X X ' ' CCJCI'C ^■c ircrx r. cic: r ^^-i" » / cc /. r. -r. :: c :: *.h Li -t- OS TO CD © ■ hW-*L'Ci-CTC[--CXLCrtC£l-K-f rHi-Texf inVit-i'iH inrt^TrHeec) ^"r^r-*" i-Tco -*"ii in CO co" CO CM CMTO 3 ■ CD • 1 — : OS • in in in CM m" r CM 00 CM CM in CM in c- CM s CM cjT oo ii oo© O t- TOO? X Xj DC TO iTo" CD -. os 00 CM CO r- TO CO TO CO CD CM O oT O i.l 00 TO C~t~ OOO os"o"cs .- OS CO 00 CM CM OO o ■* o CI 8 S8 t-C*l m cd CO t- ccTt-^ cc.-ci 11 — © OS 7 ] OS oo'oco" TO — •D 1 - c-m — X CM OS -Tro Os 00 TO 1 ~ X CD X r.cir. CM O -- ■- eo 2 o TO m -coco -f ■ CD CD OS • TO TO -* • TO ; 00 s 00 CM — OS in CD i - CD -TO TO -11 '• CM ■- - TO CM 00 Os" ; i c n 6 c i : « >b 1 1 - .2 4 > 1 = £. 1 cc ft cc •- 5 - 2 - ■1 1 c c E > ci b c ! a •J hi >i S X — : - L 7.7 > - 7 - 7 s I e u C t c 3 : • ; : i X ■j i I t : c ■ c b c 2 : : 4 ! ) J a ~ '5 e | r C C ; 6 . /. et • EX .5 e : i 5 1 • b J r ) 4 £ 7 E- .--; r-. -- n — r_ — BO - -" X "• - - - . - f.ir Girls, « fen- Chaj • and H :u I n ti rm - :ir\ 1 Soldi. 1 U W i 1 -- -" ~ - ' - — rt "- ?i .- — — i- -i — .-: — - — — — -" : ' — " — Soldiers' Oi r hans' Home, rial Soldiers'and S;ul ore' 1 1 o in <• . ■ - :i — ;> - — — — ?l "-" — - - — .- .- ! : — - . - — z ■ ■ .: .- ? i A 8 y ] it in for - I Mind- "" I .incoln 10t-HN<9Nn«»N — - i - : • - : ■ - ? I — Institution for the Mind. Jai ville. . School for the I >i af, Jackson- ville Asylum for In- sane Criminals, Chestei Asylum for In = ■" " South Barton villi Western I 1 1. si tal, Wa1 ertown Southern l Hospital, Anna Insane Ho pita] I Bon ville. ... 'i Insane Hospital, kakee rn Insane 1 lospital, Elgin 2:i7 - 1 h m ci i^ ri o l* c ?i -r - -r "j; * r. t o — i- 1- t- 1- -r -* »- c ci c .*c i.^ c * i* ?j x t- <* -.*?:::(-' m - -r - r.-r:c-»:cTi:i: t- .-: c x :i i* i- it r^ /. x - - c J. -r t ir: r: ao ifi i- .■»: -r ^ i # <~ -~ -p r: r. ? i re *- irt ta <- n re — ~i IN i-HCC -tcc-h tr- i-HCOi-H CM C- tH m cm r. eq " CI — CI - - eg „,-, - CM N - ~" CI CI CI - CM CI re CMi-lrH - rt - - - -"" ' CO H - CI w cc - -< - rt CC -. !C IMCC cc o- f!!DC N»>» f ? 71 M C CO 1(5 t- CC i rm i X 00 LCi.C CC CC CC CC CI co «■* cm « i-i cc i-H ic © oc ic -h- ic cc .c — cc ic o c t- o t- © © ic w in © — ic cc ic c i © ci t— cm c- nHClr-M; i-l CO i-H CMCO COi-H CI X r:t-i.c?:K-TT[*ciOMHTi*ciooxaiC;Hrio:rHt-HCicioic i-l CO i-H rH n — — 1-1 — — — -HC" mcic-c; •^ 1O00C-. iH CO C-C1C — cc -r h*co CI ~ CI — — CO h* CD - - CO ~~~ - ,C-- CI 1-H C) CO c< CI cc CO cc - c MM 1 - LO 2 CO 00 00 - 00 - © -* co LOM t- © 00 -* « N H# c- - 00 :: CJ ■^ ej CM CO-H<©i-HCD a ■x -** ifC © tr- CM - cc 00 o t-l-l 00 CC OO -i-CMCO cm CI © 00© 00 CO © CM CD CM ci : CM-* i-H CM -e© © • 5 « CO CM CC ©cc ccr-co CO CI "* C-l© 00 CM ©t- to coco CM tfC C\] i-H CD CM CO CD rt O0 i-l CO i-C - i-im CM l-HCC © c- CD jra CO CD cc n - c c 9 > g c (. fc 1 - 1 a. 1 4 c c b, ic c c . E = c c 1 1 > 1. > L b Dec "J '■X c r: c 23« - J= 3 < •^ < j 5 hool i ;ind K;ir Intirm an , Cbii Soldiers'Widows' w i I mington Soldier u' or phans' Home, Normal Soldiers'and Sail- ors' Home, Uuincy A - 1 u in fur l- eeble Muni til. Lincoln Institution forthe Blind, Jackson- \ ille / .-. -.::/.-/ -i-i-riri^xi.^3tr: i] for the I >c;if, Jackson- ville Asylum for In- e Criminals, Chester Asylum for In- curable Insane, South Barton ville ; ? , - E - 5 :-i-;-cri--i-:i:i S3 CJ •■-■ X — i - : i r i : : riM-f 2 Mtiri 239 l otal 0!2MKTO«-tcoxo-*i?t-j.trec-L»m-f icw-tto-T^KMp-Sfm Training School for Girls. Gen- eva Charitable E y e and Ear In- firmary, Chi- cago r* rt ^-C>1 r-H rH CI 1-H i-t Soldiers' Wid- ows' Home, Wilmington .. Soldiers' Or- phans' Home, Normal Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy oocot-rtt'Wwc'it-ic-i'NMinooHHKw^ic- ci n :>c m >~ -* cj Asylum for Fee- mio^-*m«j ble- Minded, Lincoln Industrial Home for the Blind. Chicago ifl«t-wrtOMP:rtinci?iKo©t-c>ic^c-*ooNt*cot Institution for the Blind, Jack- sonville School for the Deaf, Jackson- ville Asylum for In- sane Criminals, Chester Asylum for In- curable Insane, 1 §T South Barton- ville HMWL^['rtCOtD«?: < CC CI i-l Hi CO -* ITS CI Western Insane Hospital. Wat ertown Southern Insane Hospital, Anna Central Insane Hospital, Jack- sonville Eastern Insane Hospital. Kan- kakee j Northern Insane Hospital, Elgin -- .djj £ r- mal Sf>l <\ i <• r-" :mHrtct:ct-ccrcfm'jcoct-:iM 1$ 1 cm - ^ 1 c— — - C0rt-H CM M - «« — ° ~- — ' cc— < 1 00 — ■ -!■ CC >- SC -« Niccaca ttoo-fKntrti:«OfC.HCf:;-j:r.tiHt- CM -**-H - m — • o o CO 1 CO 1 c ~ T'l ei i-1 CJ CCCM CI 00 CO to cm EC PI © Tf cc cici co CM CM I - c -x CI coos ;i — l~ OC -H o cici © cc " CM CC 00 71 rt •H . « I- 1 OS Oi OS ~~ in 05 CM CM 7? :- CO - in CM * i > Ui 4. 1 - s S "5 1 2 £ £ £ 0/ £ - r. QLi "3 £ ^ X T £ - X > a o CO > i 55 •7 : c • CO J3 . i 7. '7. i - c 1 > / 1 t $ 1 cv - 7 5 § c O u - u be u V CO 2 16 B C 242 Table \.\l Showing consumjttion oj urticl ,r,l. is named, per July l. 1902, to .\U 1 li !.<■•- Pounds. Pounds.. \ egetables. Pecks and hominy Pounds.. er and ^ nit-L'.ir .. ( rations.. I • Quarts.. . Fruits. Pounds. \ umber. Pounds. I ea Pounds.. Butter and t>ut ferine Pounds.. Pounds. Number. Gallons.. : Pounds.. 15.11 1 26 2 51 5 34 1 1 re 2 li • 216 86 • li 16 178 I". 14,58 1 73 - 7 SS 11 54 :, 05 if, mi 66 62 16 03 5 17 1 12 31 27 97 1 64 7 16 2 -I 26 63 2 11 II 56 1,87 4 87 I i>9 23, 17 33 :>; 56 3 63 g e number of persons fed 1,369.88 2,573.45 1,424.21 \. 1 03 II 32 1 •' Not repi irted. Table XXII Showing consumption of articles named, per July I. 1903, to V.RTICLES. I z tec : 3 s - 5 - r-- - - x \ pfa > r - - < C02 a — sc — ■< - S.B.C *%3 ' -J-B = . ■ : - = -. - Breadstuff s Pounds ind ii->h Pounds tables Pecks Ri< i- .mil hominy Pounds i rations., Fruits Quarts I Pounds Oranges ..... Number. Pounds I i Pounds Mutter and butterim Pounds . Pounds i Number. Syrup <.. ill., li-., Pounds umber of pei - fed 286 97 243 .82 219 08 256 63 145 81 • 312, (6 218,81 230 25 7 19 10 v. 6 61 17 83 16 1« 8 15 12 19 7 17 li 85 i ii n 16 i 50 I N ■ 2 15 1 i .1 16 12 22 11 2 54 16 ■ 2 61 10 ifl 7 7.t li - i 00 I 07 •J 7s 1 50 i 88 81 81 25 82 23 27 28 18 27 13 SI -,■: 09 l 20 :> OS 126 09 19 64 1 S3 1 M :ft' ' - ■ 851 00 - 243 capita, as reported by each institution for one year, from June 30, Wo::. > > x - > X rx X n H 3 g i = = B re re V sylum for In- sane Criminals, Ches'er •hool for the Deaf, Jackson- ville istitution for the Blind, Jackson- ville. — — y -re ildiers' it Sail- ors' Home,' Quincy )ldiers' Orph- an s' 1 1 o in e. ildiers' W i ; 32.34 8.61 7.87 7.09 2.37 1 .01 13.27 26 90 2 88 11 02 1' 75 3 . 70 1.70 2.17 Tit 2.70 22 .03 3.80 2.99 .34 28.51 24. as 9.99 21 96 is m; 22.57 21 38 29.24 29 20 ' 13 92 :, :,i 1.10 1.28 * 1.61 2 15 1.01 15 1.15 94 tin.-) 81.59 53 . 10 41.34 100.09 145.44 41.09 114.34 157.31 51 19 .28 6.11 1.31 * 1 47 .95 3.51 .18 .41 2 08 53.76 37.40 51.72 72.12 76.59 57.45 30.35 51.05 53.17 • 800 202.80 568.49 2S5.S1 1,285.55 1,548.70 386.94 79.34 194.82 232 85 capita, as reported by each institution, for one year, from J nne 30, 1904. Asylum for In sane Criminals Chester School for tli Drat, Jackson ville Institution fo the H 1 i n d Jacksonville Industrial Horn for the Blinc Chicogo Asylum f o Feeble-Mindet So 1 d iers' an Sailors' Home Soldiers' Or phans' Horn Normal Soldiers' Wid ows' Ho m Washington. Charitable Ey and Ear Intirn ary, Chicago.. 3 g>g r T.~ : £* : y X. i r.f • . , re ■ - -e . - re - -* • - D. ■ re i ■ re , . . re « — . 381.52 291.02 126.40 229.50 189.56 164.29 291.27 111.36 206.10 282 st 167.13 160.09 116.79 366.04 160.75 272.15 118.05 85 20 176.20 80.27 19.24 7.15 8.55 51.02 13.64 15.23 33.57 1.71 14.78 11.11 14.16 1.95 * 1.73 36.23 1 56 3.34 6.36 21.30 6.99 .90 .50 * 1 22 .65 .63 .80 1.13 1 21 92 4.84 6.33 * 70.80 15.96 24.16 31.97 .43 31.30 21 si 3.67 71.81 * 26.27 13.12 29 12 48.37 9.08 20.22 6 88 10.18 11.36 * 80.64 16.92 7.70 17.78 7.24 26.32 10.25 10.72 1.11 4.39 25 . 55 10.74 25 16 2.57 13.78 1(1 IIS 3.40 1.12 .45 10.41 4.95 34.09 2.73 14 93 .59 23 16 .05 22.45 5 38 23.15 1 90 29.99 .23 5.80 11.85 12.37 .93 2 24 * 7.95 1.16 2 26 1.20 .33 1 22 1.07 84.30 60.07 35.16 282.68 60.20 173.06 30.99 83.70 117 74 32.63 5.89 1.15 * .18 2 HI' .56 3.72 .34 .19 2.10 37.96 51 .02 54 . 75 72.02 76.62 77.00 50.52 61.13 55 its 40.49 213.66 527.26 283.21 86.81 1,413.04 1.573.00 371.91 92.47 197 53 264.54 244 Tabi i XXIII. Showing the comparative cost of provisions, per July i. 1902, V. I : r z - "*a"2 r- -v. 2. — -< O (1 -r S s -. i-2 Articles - = - T~ .-- -7.- - — • - — — • -~ — >~ -L K - - / ^ J , rt ~. ' wg ; ~ 7* Meat, etc C'ulcr ;iinl vinegar Fruits . etc Hutter and butterine.. . M \ I - - - si - Sugar Ail other prm isions , . . Total onto (. ost per day Number of persons fed • Not reported. • - $ 3 36 15 20 12 55 20 99 ■>■• y. 13 I . 2 v: .. •>■. I 69 84 ■1 47 13 •jn 11' 21 18 i 4: 85 2 20 M 2 52 1 80 ■J 51 1 7.-. •'.I 1 70 ; 12 3 79 3 62 :■; 09 3 7 7 12 01 • 05 3 25 2 70 3 13 1 li 57 15 n 57 1". • 1 us I '.'l 2 11 1 78 • 1 S3 1 ",: 2 75 i 52 11 7S 4 11 $12 82 • , $40 87 $47 20 si.", -;. $ 3 ."»7 $ 3 12 - - - s 12 10 11 12 1,369 88 2,573 45 1,424 L'l 1,262 13 780 Table XX T\ Showing (he Comparative ('ost >f Provisions, per Jul it I 1903, to Articles y wo * — v n | = Eg fiJ 3 (I -r — ' t 1 .= Central 1 n Ba n e Hospital, Jack Southern Insane l lospltal. Anna Western insane Hospital, Wa Asj him fur In curable Insane, Smith Barton ville 13 B9 15 09 I 55 7 78 i>; s,; f,4 2 B7 21 91 •> .,] r ; 08 t I 76 l-.i II 3 02 11 1 58 1 68 58 a -■j 1 92 - 02 $ 7 44 17 78 2 30 L'4 2 53 22 - BS 15 20 S 99 07 2 ■:; l 68 :; 20 M i<> 5 4 71 14 13 Meats, eb lea :■: « Cider and \ Inegar 05 3 01 ■ • i 5 1 " M i; M 8 27 1 94 ■_• 90 7 11 i l 02 IS 8 in i 60 ii 82 - 2 is 12 71 17 1 M 82 10 Syrup and molassee 01 Sugar . 2 77 All i 'tlier provisions 1 Ivl 1 l Total.. $45 88 i ■ - i - 14 «7 77 E 1! i..'. ,641 91 -ii ! $3 44 an 1,499 '.'i $15 l • • 121 1,829 20 $35 97 { • ■ s-M 00 (85 SI $2 '.'4 (. osl per montfa 09] Number ol 826.00 245 capita, as reported by each institution, for one year, from to June 30, 1903. > „ > CO hH > J. CO to O j o8£ '3 c OgST < O- = ~ ft 6J.0 S.33 O 01 y» 2. 3 *3 £ o2 - g a j- 1 ? - 5 -i -.as _ = 3 a ?■■■ ' : &? • <■> 5 • -i. ■ 25 : i n : 3 3- : 2 2 ; ftr» : 08° : 3 co : »£ : 3-3 • n 3- : - 1 5o^ 03< 3 3 — : rt> ft n r* as 3 Tq 3>P3 O 2<< : t » ! ? - $ 5 26 $ 9 70 $ 3 04 $ 3 07 $ 6 37 $ 3 18 $ 6 36 $ 3 74 $ 4 34 s g 77 18 06 16 30 10 17 14 32 14 50 25 12 9 47 16 14 15 34 9 19 1 95 2 40 1 08 * 1 10 2 45 1 39 1 59 27 1 43 03 18 03 * 05 12 05 08 0s 13 2 18 1 50 85 * 2 48 2 86 2 69 1 61 4 75 1 30 1 38 1 64 28 1 68 3 01 3 21 46 3 01 2 75 66 3 42 3 49 1 42 3 22 2 29 3 17 3 17 5 57 4 96 2 09 68 14 17 * * 60 19 28 12 9 75 57 01 1 95 1 50 15 7 12 2 55 15 47 97 72 1 17 2 02 79 04 1 46 36 * 30 25 1 05 07 14 52 2 46 1 90 2 51 3 78 4 41 2 66 1 42 2 60 2 79 1 88 4 52 2 70 4 94 16 37 4 63 31 4 82 12 98 7 37 4 28 $40 45 $42 38 $25 57 $43 04 $40 50 $45 63 $41 32 $53 85 $57 61 $28 19 $ 3 37 $ 3 53 $ 2 13 $ 3 58 $ 3 37 $ 3 80 $ 3 44 $ 4 48 $ 4 80 $ 2 34 11 11 07 11 11 12 11 14 15 07 800 202.80 568.49 285.81 1,285.55 1,548.70 386.94 79.34 194.82 232.85 Capita, as reported June 30, 1904. by eaeJi institution, for one year, from Asylum for I sane Crimina Chester CO - as 3--1 O — • ax ■. 5=1 : P-g Asylum for Fe ble - Minde Lincoln S 1 d i e r s' a Sailors' Horn CO ~X" : : 3o CO 322. _. as as 3- t* o. 3. las* pa 3 *s a-.* °^ H < 3 P a; as CO - n ffi-a 3 sf : *" ■ Cm • - a. : P? ■ n> ci. ? 2. $ 9 30 $6 75 $ 3 25 $ 9 98 $ 6 23 $ 4 05 $ 6 62 $ 2 76 $ 5 32 $ r is 11 35 8 16 7 84 49 10 13 36 24 71 10 00 15 18 15 62 i 25 2 13 ' 2 11 06 2 24 55 14 82 16 8 71 5 45 4 83 08 2 93 2 16 3 41 08 3 22 3 31 2 69 08 4 29 49 51 14 74 4 49 6 04 20 4 93 2 00 ! 06 18 10 1 63 L 92 1 55 ; 85 52 1 11 1 27 1 14 4 37 2 09 2 75 3 00 3 85 5 32 61 12 ' 30 99 12 74 5 06 14 28 13 8 93 46 05 5 65 89 18 8 53 .. 2 50 17 1 21 91 54 87 2 72 53 1 47 31 2 35 09 3 55 72 3 64 13 3 72 90 2 55 13 3 16 16 2 75 53 1 82 2 59 I 07 6 90 91 15 28 9 39 66 6 14 57 79 13 3 76 14 51 8 18 I 51 $38 77 ; . £25 92 $31 49 $125 07 $43 76 $49 30 $43 90 $52 06 $61 73 $2 ' 45 $3 23 $2 16 $2 61 $10 42 $3 65 $4 11 $3 66 $4 34 $5 14 $* ! 29 101 07J 09 34 12 13V£ 12 1*1 16 ft 0754 213.66 527.26 283.21 86.81 1,413 04 1,573.00 371.91 92.47 197.53 i S64.34 246 Tabi eXXV Showing the average number of inmates in fifteen State c 1 . KTIES Northi m Insane 1 1, ipital, Elgin I astem Insane l lospital, Kan kakee Central Insam I lospital, Jack Southern Insane i lospital, Anna ■- 5 > ~- T - •.-.'■I 51 9 71 40 7" • • Bond • ■ 19.80 ■ 2 00 • 12 20 1.00 32 :'.4 1 1* ■■1 71 • •■ Clark 30.06 4 00 Clay. 28 16 2.00 Clinton 3.00 Cc.U-~ 1,350 98 5 00 Cook 108.10 218 S5 29.49 2 00 21 2.-) •_• 00 l teKalb. 42 H2 5 :.; I it- Witt. 16 L".< 41' .60 :•;> v. 39 • 34 29 4 00 ' ■ 1 11.08 28 16 43 "I i 00 3 00 - • 1 47 Ti 24 13.88 ■ 36 it • 29.97 3 00 2 i»i 48.47 4 12 8.87 1.00 1.00 16.85 6.V83 1.00 M 78 ii 62 2.00 12 •■ 22 14 :<7 37 4 00 3 00 .'( <>.> 22 90 ■_• ra 22 35 1.00 87.64 2 00 63.00 in 52 16.07 I 00 i 01 09 74 17 .:•' 46 01 • le. 111.88 I! B2 21 7:. a i«> 42 82 8S M B9 64 21 00 ;»•■ 17 mi i B2 i oo :i >.c - in :<; g oo :::::::::: i i >ll. :i hi ■ 20 18 .-( m II S" Mi Henry i 00 - M< l .<• in v.. 25 16 56 '.' 71 :< 88 i :i 24 66 i 7; in '..", ,i 18 i :•; .; 6a 247 institutions, as reported, for the fiscal //ear ending June 30, 1903. Asylum for In- sane Criminals, Chester School for the Deaf, Jackson - 8*1 3 a - • ifcog nT3"g ; p.= '■ <-c • - -h : &c Asylum for Fee- ble- M i n ded, Lincoln W £tt£. £.==- r. ^ a : X ' ■ o* ': 2~ • a D. Soldiers' Orph- ans' H o in e, o 3 Sa 5' 2 5' 7? 3 V. ■ ~s 7" J -. o ? en. ]y H 2 "is; : S3' : a.*! : * cp . ^o : ij-a* . ^ 2 ■ =5 i-3 2.13 .53 7.05 3.10 3.00 2.00 1.00 5.57 2.91 1.00 10.00 3.00 6.42 3.71 2.00 5.14 172.16 5.02 5.54 6.45 .95 .19 .92 2.00 3.00 4.61 316.19 64 10 33 29 1.00 32.90 15.03 15.00 6.51 6.00 10 90 11.00 21.30 5.83 3.90 10.10 11.90 146.04 .80 2.90 5.00 11.64 .90 1.90 3.75 .80 2.75 7.75 2.75 .50 32.93 4.80 18.70 2.90 3.28 35.05 2.00 4.75 16.85 3.34 27.95 .75 6.57 18.70 7.75 5.34 14.75 3.10 3. 00 32.95 4.52 14.76 4.62 1.85 .25 .96 .02 .06 .90 .17 1.17 1.04 .04 1.32 72.82 1.39 .30 .44 2.50 1.65 .04 .42 .32 .95 1.37 .12 1.24 2.33 44 43 1.53 109 14 1.00 1.00 20 99 1.00 4.00 8.00 16.12 12.00 12.00 5.63 2.00 13.00 374.16 2.84 2.00 10. 65 10.42 4.00 5.84 6.71 2 27 6^00 4.71 5.63 2.84 15.00 1.71 7.00 2.00 4.00 8.00 .65 2.71 5.84 4.12 13. at 2.71 4.00 4.00 7.00 2.00 28.42 11.12 1.00 15.42 4.00 11.17 6.71 8.00 8.63 17.65 9.42 9.27 18.84 10.27 7.00 10.42 2.00 10.38 8.63 28.84 3.65 4.00 2.00 8.27 13 14 .89 1.00 42 85 1.06 5.94 1.99 4.22 .12 2.00 2.10 106.79 1.30 4.00 4.00 2.00 3.22 7.38 4.62 4.62 2.77 .92 1.85 1.85 30.02 3.70 4.62 2.77 2.77 .92 .92 .92 62 55 2.39 .85 .84 115.03 87 67 1.16 61 60 35 96 1.00 48 97 1.19 75.16 2.00 85.41 .90 19.41 2.00 85.77 86.78 3,312.07 40 28 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 5.10 2.15 .08 .48 37 21 1.00 1.04 72.10 56 68 1.00 41 66 50 61 1.00 1.00 1.00 .78 .83 60.48 16 01 3.89 1.38 3.00 4.00 6.94 1.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 .86 .92 8.31 5.54 .55 46 62 69 81 .42 48 81 1.00 37 83 2.00 2.00 6.69 7.56 156 89 .27 24 57 1.85 .48 .34 1.33 43 1.00 67 69 1.00 40 77 1.00 3.01 1.00 2.77 40 88 104 51 .92 15 59 .08 .09 3.17 1.43 .72 .73 .38 .29 25 85 5.00 .84 4.92 3.00 3.94 2.75 .67 .92 3.70 8.31 14.77 1.85 1.85 106 34 .44 .37 4.25 4.37 4.87 2.54 69 55 4.00 109 52 2.00 47 91 .95 61 84 "•i'.ii 54 74 .44 69 73 2.77 1.85 .92 2.32 1.95 .24 1.00 .69 .48 .21 35 42 3.15 3.88 9.00 4.14 1.59 4.44 5.03 15.99 .95 1.00 6.00 10.17 5.15 12.24 5.13 6.00 3.32 .86 7.86 167.92 88 52 1.00 5.67 1.09 24 67 2.00 7.38 199 26 1.00 19 26 1.00 1.54 1.00 1.00 165 61 1.00 2.00 2.77 2.00 .54 .62 .79 .47 .08 .08 37 99 2.00 14.80 9.50 27.67 15.89 23.50 59.47 2.75 5.34 3.75 2.75 14.75 5.34 23.15 7.94 9.75 6.75 20.82 26.84 78 67 1.40 1.85 12.92 12.00 .92 .92 4.62 87 89 1.00 1.72 1.70 108 75 3.00 3.78 4.89 2.81 4.16 2.00 1.28 .93 3.59 .14 122.88 114 67 6.43 .87 1.00 190.15 72 92 .48 40 9(5 .02 7.00 1.00 2.95 2.00 7.99 1.00 .80 5.00 2 00 4.10 1.00 .97 1 00 8.58 3.70 51 S2 1.00 .45 30 62 .19 5.54 .86 .05 5.47 89 29 24 .80 .49 .28 62 29 3.00 10.14 1N4 98 33 93 1.00, .92 1 .44 .41 •">.". 78 1.00 5.07 6.35 21.25 41 00 1.00 .48 .03 .69 .31 82 08 1.00 124.10 24« Table XX] Coot : Northern Insane Hospital, Elgin i tern Insa ne 1 lospital, Kan tl Insane 1 1 ; ■ it ;il. Jack Southern 1 n sane 1 1. ■ ; Ital, Ann.i u . tern Insane I loapital, w al in for In ible Insane, Smith Barton \lllr . 24 n 1 00 7 62 1.06 • :v< 7o l 00 Piatt. • - 2.00 • • - . Randolph M7 77 27 24 1 00 3.00 I 00 - K g 00 IS 11 1 71 :<> 33 it 64 U 02 :::::::::: ■ Shelby 37.46 12 82 4.00 Stark .. 1.00 air ill 73 1! 98 38.72 1.00 • 39.32 6 99 4.00 86.67 Wabash 23 57 •• 00 \-: 08 25 7". 27 82 27 90 ■ • White •_• mi 58.98 - Will 1.00 i.i u : • 55 T^ 1.00 1.158.48 1.00 1.00 12 2M 6.48 •j 00 Total 2,135.37 1,233.59 1,077.02 Concluded. 249 - 3 — ™ ft c : 3o : S"" 1 ■ P3 -. School for t h e 1 |eaf, Jackson - Institution for the Blind.Jack Asylum for Fee- ble M i nded, Lincoln Soldiers' and Sudors' Home, Soldiers' Orph- .1 us' II o in e, Normal Soldiers' Widows' H o m e, Wil mington O - f» B" ""* 3 &S 9 q.5 a; -3 n ~~ C 3'< : rn Training School for (jirls, < Jen H 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.58 4.02 2.70 6.00 6.00 1.00 3.68 3.00 3.71 2.00 3.94 9.57 1.00 3.65 5.14 19.57 3.71 5.00 6.93 2.00 1.00 5.00 5.00 78.08 10.00 .90 33.42 3.43 5.10 ] 75 10.00 1.75 20.54 1.75 70.00 9.30 5.00 7.00 6.08 81.35 18.75 5.25 15.06 .66 7.28 6.75 2.00 2.00 13.50 19.00 7.83 8.10 3.00 3.70 1.85 6.69 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 1.00 .01 .28 2 42 L61 .91 .43 .83 .08 40 49 .93 5.89 10.10 2.97 57 87 2.93 1.00 5.72 274.43 54 90 .76 .91 4.00 .09 39 76 102 OS 28 77 1.43 .81 1.05 32. J 4 .92 13 56 1.00 1.07 .92 .92 1.00 7.02 1.00 3.00 5.84 10.71 2.00 27.93 5.00 .06 1.07 .45 1.68 .33 57 82 4.62 2.77 14.77 3.70 4.62 1.85 1 73 1.13 50.87 2.00 .93 2.00 1.00 149.32 31 72 .48 2 19 246.73 43.80 29 23 1.00 5.00 3.70 1.00 3.00 19.62 6.00 10.00 6.00 15.27 3.00 1.00 4.62 5.64 5.00 5.84 14.00 7.00 10.91 12.00 .76 .25 .14 1.22 "2"92 1.56 60 59 23 15 5.50 2.00 12.84 3.58 4.51 6.00 4.00 9.23 2.77 14.77 4.62 4.62 6.69 2 77 6.69 1.00 1.34 1.00 255.86 68 30 2.00 3.61 3.73 .78 .04 .54 1.01 1.&5 .46 1.05 4.58 .31 .08 81 98 77 34 4.59 2.00 19.65 158 40 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.99 2.93 9.43 1.98 2.00 8.79 36 10 68 48 44 69 1.00 1.00 "i!90 1.23 2.10 3.61 45.93 .40 49.79 1.19 86 79 3.97 1.85 3.70 3.63 .21 145.09 53 87 3.66 1.61 4.13 101 05 1.00 56 05 7.48 168.58 483.75 218.97 1,114.46 1,508.55 332.89 61.19 149.29 203.56 11.038.16 251 1 Table XXV] Showing the average number of inmates m ending June ( 01 KTI B8, v. 7 - — n — n z.~ MB 7.1 r -. - I Central Insane 1 li.-~pit.il, Jack f f z. -. - _ - ZL Z L Z 1 ~- ~ i = 1 ~. Asylum for In curable Insane, South Bartion 12 • i 1 -.7 • :: 09 S 00 1 00 • 17 86 - Bond . IV M •1 03 70.82 • 1. 1 1 00 Carroll 33 19 1 00 Cass :::::::::: 30 20 1.00 .-, ... :. 7" 2.00 3.00 5 00 209.07 2 7.". 6.00 •J '.'7 3.00 4 00 4 00 66.35 2.37 n 33 Clark . Clay 30.20 1 00 Coles .72.00 [,370 96 1 00 Cook 117 04 7 7 72 Crawford . ■ DeKalb v: -^ 1 >. Witt 2! If 1 00 > 32 46 '.'7 43.09 1 00 11 82 :v 21 if. ■:■: 1 00 Ktl'mgham 4.00 a oo 2.00 1.00 14 71' 3 00 ., -., 3 BO 8 r. 1.00 Ford 32.71 >3 33 41 1 00 Fulton 68.8"! i 86 Gallatin .... l- > 40 46 02 33 77 a Hamilton 26.12 1 lancock IS 96 Hardin - Hendera in 46 is 78 66.14 1 1 1 • 1 1 r \ 1 00 -.7 98 11 77 ■J Ml 1 00 3.00 3 (HI :• 22 45.01 .'.7 11 5 l". Jasper Jefrereon 7'.' Jersej ::::..".". 23 84 J( '1 >:i\ iesc Johnson 24 92 i 00 II |s •J Ml ■j 00 11 '.".' I 68 12 00 11 50 1 08 8.00 1 Ul \> i«i 3 12 3 HI :, Ul ■a «; B 14 10 L2 i 00 5 26 3 08 i 00 7 i: 06 90 i 00 • i ■■ i 00 Kankakee 3.00 ,:,,, Knox l IS 86 07 2 IK) Lake B8 LaSalle 106 92 1 '.'7 Lawrence 16 il Lee ■ • Livlngsti >n l 00 I .. igan 1 00 i',7 7.'. ■ 8 1" Macoupin i 00 Madison • ■ 1 • ■ 26 "1 i 00 23 00 M D o n o u g h 12 17 1.00 Mi II. nry 11 i "■> ■ 20 -,:<. 1 00 i 00 Montgomery ■ 1 11 251 sixteen State institutions, as reported, for the fiscal year 30, 1904. School for the Deaf, Jackson vdle Institution for the Blind, Jack- sonville rvst S, = r -- : co i • * (V Asylum for Feeble-Minded, Lincoln S o 1 d i e r s' and Sailors' Home, Quincy Sold iers' O r - phans' Home, Normal ~ = < 3 3 — : n — o K K — '?• 5-1 OS? =■=; £ o' — it pa 3 ■ , n : -'• v. o : tag" • ft o Total. 5.00 3.00 1.98 11.72 4.13 7.00 4.00 2.01 5.00 173.23 5.60 3.57 3.00 1.00 1.48 1.08 1.40 2.42 5.14 314.40 2.21 68.26 2.00 33.75 1.00 .95 .03 .65 2.56 .11 .35 .40 .82 .66 1.18 .99 04 1.61 90.15 .39 .65 1.47 1.40 17 .23 .08 .84 •72 l!l2 1.06 .05 .92 .91 .34 .13 34.75 1 27 9.60 21.51 3.00 5.51 9.89 7.42 24.43 5.20 2.60 5.73 5.87 142.53 1.10 2.04 5.56 3.00 2.00 .77 39.51 4 7.". .89 1.00 1.00 1.32 3.00 3.94 1.00 2.00 .18 115.07 18.20 4.63 7.31 16.32 10.43 9.88 6.00 2.63 11.76 425.09 3.87 2.00 10.91 11.48 4.38 6.00 6.19 1.73 6.00 5.82 5.43 3.61 16.92 2.61 7.00 2.63 3.81 9.12 1.78 3.00 7.00 5.00 10.98 4.48 4.96 4.63 7.00 2.00 29.41 9.76 "i'.oo .45 1.41 15 35 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.0- 2.00 1.00 57 71 7.75 5. CO 5.00 1.00 76 1.00 1.00 117.38 96.13 55.37 1.00 1.53 52.69 2.00 2.00 44.07 3.77 2.00 79.80 1.00 l.CO 4.87 1.00 28.06 3.00 5.00 1.00 1.71 25.85 1.02 102.68 85 23 107.15 47.72 3.476.83 43.76 3.00 1.00 1.89 .80 39.35 2.00 1.86 76.59 2 00 51.01 1.00 1.74 1.99 5.01 2.84 2.62 6.84 1.14 1.40 29.82 1.62 15.04 3.71 1.90 29.40 2.90 2.02 15.59 2.05 14.96 1.00 6.84 21 12 7 42 7.08 13.51 2.52 1.63 29.00 3.82 17.38 1.C0 21.12 17.59 35.40 17.87 31.44 72.97 6.84 5.56 4.27 2 59 1.00 1.00 2.00 37.00 1 00 47.32 2.00 .33 .40 .14 63.71 17.94 4.00 1.19 1.00 13.01 5. CO .50 46.91 76.57 3 00 50 02 5.00 45.22 7.53 .67 .98 6.00 7.58 153.28 1 00 1.58 28.16 4 On .39 1.00 l.tO 71.38 2 00 1.00 47.40 5 00 2.00 39.87 2.88 1.96 2.00 1.00 97.34 2.00 17.74 .U7 1.98 .27 .40 1.36 .36 .09 1 02 .15 1.61 11 .67 1.16 1.92 .73 .31 .03 47 1.03 .70 1 92 22 2.00 .96 6.83 26.26 3.97 104.35 1.00 9.01 8.01 4.00 1.00 71.30 4 21 1.75 2.00 .97 100.58 2 74 1.00 48.17 5 00 2.97 2.6fc 1.83 65.45 1 00 56.56 3.19 71 24 76 4.00 40.58 9.00 3.00 .80 4.39 6.14 174.51 .3 00 .91 1.00 85.00 2 00 .95 7.18 .94 21.39 4.84 16.45 3.85 12 41 7.00 8.39 9.96 18.42 14 31 12.63 21 17 12 48 6.00 10.82 2.00 12.17 20.42 32.73 3 59 4.67 1.58 10.14 17 12 4.00 165.08 7 00 2.38 .96 .17 1.91 1.00 1.00 66.63 17 53 2.00 169.84 1 00 1.00 30.57 1 45 1.00 1.52 85.89 4 62 103.75 8 18 16.02 6.00 1.00 4.00 6.00 5.00 1.00 1.09 121 34 5.31 10 70 4.00 2.91 3.73 2.00 1.93 1.74 .39 7.02 1.21 130.05 127.83 7 80 1X0 213.33 8 00 97 80.43 1.00 46.78 5 72 56.80 1 00 1.00 4.93 1.00 3.84 1.0(1 1.00 1.00 1 00 .48 .82 1.78 34.37 2 00 13.06 7 88 25.17 6.84 10.02 9.58 17.57 30. 03 4.00 87.79 3 00 .16 .86 .06 22 17 .27 68.25 7 74 6.00 5.76 186.90 1 00 36.72 .96 62.04 5 (0 65 1.00 45 85 5 00 3.00 85 54 16.85 9.00 93 2.19 133 24 Table XXVI \ 11 I - I — 1 nz . 1 1 00 35 <>l 68 2.00 1 4L' 2 00 2.00 1.80 M7 .10 1.00 126 78 • ■ i a Pike - .4 Pulaski 2.00 Randolph 32 ii7 3 00 34 1. 2^ 52 I .., 4 00 8.10 1.00 15 :w 3.00 3.07 4.00 1.00 11 SO 1 11 12 51 4.00 8 13 2.00 11 IS 3.00 I 96 1.64 3 11 ■ 12 i« > 6.58 • Richland . 112 61 • 21 35 106.34 18 35 Shelby 34 01 1.00 15.33 119.44 7 57 1.00 ■1 L'l IT 74 36 II 52 1 M •Ji 66 41.80 24 67 27 S3 27 26 1 00 White- 1 00 1 00 Will 1.00 ■ 4 00 23 75 • - 1.00 1.00 3 00 30.63 10 88 1 IKJ 1.00 1.174 37 2,199.09 i.:-'K ;:■; 1,115.37 754 1" • 179.36 tied. 258 •s. id ~n z <-_ a. i CD Institution for the Blind, Jack- sonville Industrial Home for the Blind. Chicago Asylum for Feeble Minded, Lincoln Soldier s' and Sailors' Home. Quincy Sold i ers' Or- phans' Home, Normal Soldiers' Wid w s' H me, Wilmington . Charitable Eye and Ear infirm- ary, Chicago Training School for (iirls. (jc Total. 1.00 4.00 7.88 20.42 3.63 4.00 8.00 2.00 1.27 1.00 3.00 7.78 12.96 7 4.", 32.14 4.73 1.00 1.00 3.00 18.96 6.00 9.41 6 52 17.14 3.00 1.71 5.14 8.21 6.92 8.96 17 47 7.00 11.08 11.82 9 63 7 t:; 80.76 9 72 1.00 21.12 7 4^ ,. 3.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 i 05 :::::: 46 97 1 00 1.00 3.90 .36 65 96 7.00 .98 1.32 .96 1.00 1.23 .50 28 .21 1.10 .90 .19 1.17 .15 5.29 2.80 294 26 2.83 4.54 83 50 57 1 00 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 37 76 4.30 91.85 5.00 22.08 1 26 .89 1.00 32 42 32 2 00 3.71 5 01 1 00 23.81 2.73 72.98 7.43 3.74 7.37 7. OS .. 1.00 4 00 5.00 2.00 15.02 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 13 74 3.82 53 16 4 00 1.73 2.58 52.01 2.00 5 00 .18 1.00 174.22 38.89 8 90 5.00 1.00 3.27 258 50 1 00 2.06 1.00 47 70 29.65 3 00 3.00 1.07 .11 .48 84 .08 1.59 1.65 .13 .01 41 .51 .64 .45 1 84 1 7s .66 .35 "" i.is 56.08 26.49 13 23 3.89 1.00 1.06 .58 1.92 1.00 2.00 2.65 2.00 1.00 82.18 11.29 22.12 7.00 17.57 1.63 9.89 5.73 2.03 3.57 22.10 17.51 4.27 14.96 7.65 14.02 2.00 4.00 10.01 18.03 6.00 5.00 8.01 2.00 6.00 3.00 1.00 1 00 3.10 4.34 .03 274.20 3.18 3 00 3 97 1.00 1.00 1.00 76.31 98.83 68.97 21.72 185.79 1 00 38.59 2 00 71.18 9 76 48 98 5 00 51.38 5 96 .89 1.00 .96 .11 1.19 1.14 51.51 1.00 6.00 4 00 4.83 103.27 155.13 47.66 1.00 7 ra 1.00 107.05 65.92 11.89 466.16 202.19 67.01 1.240.27 1,532.99 315 20 74.54 155.91 232.36 11.568.03 2o 1 Table XX V 1 1 Showing the cost, by counties, of the lism/ year ending .mi - -7 $13,201 86 $1,503 33 771 11 161 4 7 865 16 1.122 16 151 82 182 69 942 ^7 619 29 164 17 771 II .. .. 309 65 411 24 164 17 619 29 • ■ • • 105 07 - 3,519 01 Bureau P289 1I 19,816 7i 1,722 80 - Clark 1,346 07 Clay 198 24 Coles .;.T3:: 05 195,311 00 114,845 26 14 875 10 14,899 72 3 072 31 DeKal DeWitl 1,250 ' : l 36 ti 5, ill 13 • 3,326 99 1 1 P ■ 1,514 74 3,890 76 • Effinpham. . .. 619 29 164 17 130 tn 2" '7 59 1. 173 '.'1 164 17 309 65 (64 17 308 65 • 1,799 «'l 309 65 619 29 464 17 178 I" 122 61 I " i 32 1.628 ■ 309 65 2,373 13 771 11 1,830 00 164 17 1. 190 58 1,238 58 • 1,221 50 3.713 11 Kulton 10,483 71 396 18 i iallatin. i 39' 5 < rreen 5,145 S3 6.844 61 Hardin l [enderson in 21 • 1 lenry III VS • n 3,026 7", 792 96 188 Jersey . 314 SO ■ Kane hi. - 1 i &.108 13 Kankakee n g i Kendall K n ox Ml M • ■ i- Lake LaSallt 16,175 SO 198 24 Lawrence Lee . 047 39 1 .i\ Ingston ■ 277 54 198 24 255 Support of inmates June SO, 1903 in fifteen State institutions for the EffS z ~ — . 2. > cz-i 30 H . 2»™ 3g i. Z'g.S. — '-< .■""-''-. : C : =C . n ^ ■do ° S - '- Obs ~ J5 3~ H ™ s -■ < = - — =• $1,538 43 676 47 654 65 436 43 218 22 1,215 IT $642 44 220 77 231 31 1,296 20 434 25 920 88 26 20 436 43 458 25 23,303 76 654 65 436 43 436 43 2i8 22 872 87 436 43 220 70 220 287 00 883 08 883 08 441 54 703 02 441 54 18,855 96 1,125 93 474 65 848 86 432 07 654 65 872 87 1,514 42 218 22 872 87 436 43 654 65 218 22 187 67 220 77 1,091 08 183 30 1,073 62 654 65 859 77 600 10 90 72 441 '54 220 77 664 51 220 77 147 91 1,963 95 903 41 346 97 968 89 1,097 63 3. 489 27 207 31 218 22 1,309 30 2,219 26 441 54 688 80 732 95 189 86 220 77 220 77 441 54 $1,452 40 435 72 932 44' 538 84 290 48 746 53| "'580"96| 1,161 92' 2,341 27 1.742 89 1,742 89 817 71 290 49 l.NSS 12 54,361 00 412 48 290 48 ! 1,546 80 : 1,513 40 580 96 848 20 974 56 329 69 871 44 684 08 817 71 412 48 2,178 60 248 36 1,016 68 290 48 580 96; 1,161 92 94 40 393 60 848 20 598 39 1,888 12' 393 60 580 96 580 96 1,016 68 290 48 4,127 72 1,615 06 145 24 2, 239 60 580 96 1,622 33 974 56 . 1.161 92 1,253 42 2.563 48 $20,876 12, 608 72, $1,200 20 $206 97 41 39 $206 28 448 44 $517 71 795 59 671 78 1,822 54 859 67 344 23 56 06 215 26 4 48 11 22 13 46 201 80 38 12 262 31 233 19 8 97 295 97 16,327 70 311 67 67 27 98 66 560 55 1,818 90 789 40 727 56, 1,321 73 1,373 25 153 59 1,333 86 2,582 S4 S59 67 859 67 515 44 171 24 344 23 344 23 5, 586 06 688 is 859 67 515 44 515 44 171 24 171 24 171 24 171 24 1.546 30 1.030 87 183 01 172 56 706 94 252 72 196 08 4,229 05 472 91 1,224 73 1.442 99 17,707 80 97 01 345 14 14.801 33 351 65 13 82 82 84 606 30 1,411 47 226 59 109 13, 369 97 8 97 94 18 71 75 213 01 307 19 26 '.'1 278 04 522 44 172 56 230 39 454 72 97 01 169 93 143 24 333 46 94 92 939 76 :::::::::: 333 47 60 63 3,993 09; 1.244 85 1,304 63 582 05 68 82 2,267 56 344 23 515 44 107 63 76 24 29S 22 96 42 172 56 351 65 397 73 217 88 4,250 16 242 52 171 24 575 98 17 94 20 18 710 78 320 m 161 44 163 68 85 20 50 05 2,043 23 171 24 688 48 1,546 28 2, 748 37 344 23 344 23 405 00 63 86 3.389 21 733 44 90 94 796 68 754 13 ■' 267 56 840 42 939 76 i 438 33 647 53 515 4 4 344 23 171 24 437 23 53 82 •>-)| •>•> 154 72 107 63 47 09 356 51 448 44 121 08 139 02 177 1! 1,788 58 375 91 i 505 48 1,356 40 363 7S 172 56 978 48 1S8 11 3.995 31 1.373 25 548 09 1,789 80 335 52 217 88 217 88 374 74 515 44 1,794 65 1,151 97 344 23 2.401 10 3.355 26 $41,770 99 9,670 37 4,992 72 5,580 51 6.M52 65 15.872 06 3.090 51 5,892 14 9.291 80 18,043 78 13,023 83 9, MIS 11 5,459 91 6,817 31 13,155 39 528,992 62 5.850 86 6,745 43 11,943 84 8. 170 26 6.337 19 8,481 61 9.219 01 2.267 81 7.042 98 10,253 76 7,614 23 5.792 96 23, 553 67 3.479 45 10.237 01 6,170 21 6.333 65 13.873 71 2.281 03 3,497 43 15.324 00 10,532 99 16.235 25 7,981 76 9.275 03 8,374 93 9,983 00 5,100 96 27, 840 45 13,666 95 4, 137 93 22,174 23 11,029 71 25,797 17 5.807 01 12.120 07 13,657 80 16.S95 71 256 Table XXVII COUNTl E8. Northern In-. me II. i istem Insane 1 lospital, Kan kakee Central Insane Hospital, i.i. L som Ille Southern Insane l lospital, Anna Asyl foi in . Criminals Chester Asylum fi < urable Insane, South Barton Mile W item Insane Hospital, w .u 1 • 1 1 1 > « 1 1 M •in 58 • • 1 32 8,608 37 006 !1 $11,752 95 M;iri(in 619 2 164 17 774 ii 164 i. 1,086 1 1,291 22 i,f n ■•- 600 71 1 272 r 154 82 1,179 7.' 154 82 309 64 • 17'' 47 Marshall ■ ' 2,751 97 M 1 ' aoug b M I l« ■ ry 120 15 HI 58 722 89 n 12,603 :-.' Menard .Mercer ' 198 24 Monroe I - ". 782 71 L98 i in 7,650 95 3.533 53 l U i Ogle 6,029 6a Peoria 153 25 15,002 51 ■ Perry • ■ | 6,577 72 150 ''••'. Pike ski • Putnam 1,128 36 Randolph ■ 4>.» 17 i • • 2,015 79 162 92 619 29 154 32 I 854 77 198 i Richland ill 58 433 73 Rock Island Saline 2.585 18 Sangamon 14,615 58 2,870 *7 2, 191 '»i Schuyler Sliell.v . 5,121 IS 1 (Ml S3 Si i lair 1,764 10 D80D 6,873 06 111 58 771 ii n;i; 4* 'l azewell 5,552 49 1,082 "I Union 619 29 1.128 66 1,867 16 1' 1 17 12,530 64 Wabash 3, 222 23 Warren -.. 195 '•' \\ asbington . . 3,520 28 - 3,814 20 \Va\ lie 309 64 ■ OS 91 White 809 64 w biteside • 591 12 Will 164 59 ii,936 4 1 681 "■■ 787 00 Williamson 3.528 18 309 64 ... \\ Innebago 9, 181 03 mi 58 in 58 1,893 18 W Iford 1,271 71 915 06 300 64 198 24 164 59 nse not appor- iid' ■ 4 55 80 47 1 i- . S*5'o • D.3 : t-i . M -, n - • — - Asylum for Fee- ble Minded, Lincoln Sold i ers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy 2TH.2. 3 CO ^*" — •-! : Soldiers' Wid- ows' H o me . Wilmington Charitable Eye and Far infirm ary, Chicago . Training School (for .: j ,9" 19 1.654 08 877 23 1,742 97 512 53 40, 729 04 8,364 78 589 19 200 90 883 08 214 15 6,330 64 1,309 30 15,182 22 1,309 30 5,010 85 218 22 176 47 181 20 4,736 75 803 04 171 24 2,314 84 654 65 236 22 203 10 203 10 220 77 1.549 80 220 77 435 72 848 20 1,555 52 290 48 4,056 55 726 20 13 46 239 92 100 90 376 69 74 00 8,378 89 809 59 859 67 515 44 344 23 2.748 37 688 48 859 67 3-14 23 298 56 195 ii2 7,959 10 436 43 859 77 202 61 21, 218 71 5,154 07 2,088 33 218 22 435 76 217 88 429 72 36,597 26 6, 533 06 4,266 61 1,091 08 816 84 145 24 435 72 2,849 61 871 44 1,452 40 871 44 2,217 82 435 72 145 24 671 01 819 15 726 20 848 20 2.033 36 1 ,016 68 1,584 57 1,742 89 170 41 56 06 31 39 123 32 809 44 836 34 174 90 8 97 121 08 226 47 302 70 103 14 235 44 1,026 93 69 51 17 91 210 55 9,565 85 3,147 96 2,801 90 781 22 883 08 1.717 50 217 88 217 88 503 92 269 ---' 37.499 60 11,205 61 984 16 515 44 2,748 37 859 67 ' 859 67 1,244 85 344 23 515 44 1,244 85 12,201 53 1,309 30 12,408 16 441 54 3,391 07 24,141 83 436 43 6,518 64 436 43 10,081 17 654 65 6,594 23 872 87 220 77 7,208 37 1,307 11 8.026 52 639 37 419 46 271 54 463 61 796 98 12,583 57 2.057 78 432 07 344 23 688 49 780 89 36 25 22,632 79 8, 415 36 436 43 350 78 712 73 16,747 02 1,913 76 8,962 53 1.079 65 36 42 $ia 5,558 30 $48,334 05 $161,870 67 $182, 923 72 $61,943 59 $13,331 84 $33,474 12 $35,128 69 $1,698,612 15 17 B C 1'..- 3 3! / — — — x - — - f / ~ — / __ — SS ~ « 'V f 2EJ S3 , — . — - - E it's jj - =-- - MSI HS ---^. -4, 8«aS Ji — >S m 33 tt - - --^ _ ' - ■ ' ■ -rVi - - :- : — . — - 6 •a a _: « >S £ 259 •2 o- ■_- 5 1,028 28 669 24 1,221 21 244 25 • oo OB «# Q — 77 — te, upgpcgooMfflrH-* X r. :: X co O oo — r-» i-h t- "-a* 1-1 t- M 71 m" in- T-t i-r^-vrM^-H i- — r. r X ^7 ^" : 71 7 !_•"''- c 5 X II r_ — — .- X S rc — i- — — e ©-* M-* CO ■* note ■aoint' •-DO • CO — t- 7171 i-Nl— O OOCD •-J-T-I-* x 3. i - \r » ~ x CO CO C— © CD O — . C ." 7 1 CM — ■ ■•* M CO CO CO M 3. ■ r. CO -CD 8 :S 7) 71 7 1 CO OS >o 0131C0 cDCD-r O c3 S 71 7171 3. CO 8 M •_: 3. r. — CD CD sss 31 7171 CO 03 00 CO -5 3 CO 7" X 3 — -{. — 3 S X 5: z pa 7 X re '3 "C r »t^i-i- 7 I 77 — co oc co rc — : CO i-c cc co co i.o -* i— i-i co MMI.Oi-CMOf-OiOH-. jr. r- -* C [~ O 7 J 7" -+ O CD 7] OO t— X »* X iJ7 1.3 t- — CO in m co oo -r Q 3. - 3- CO t— M CO 31 CO W CO *~ DC CO 71 CJ O — i.O 31 CO O— I CD 71 CO 7 1 X .7 I- i 7 l-- 31 — O CD M I.O CO 7"l C ?1 rt oo C CM t r CO X ■— • — i in c-i fJ tf? W O i-H 5" a ~ ri © i-H C- csoooo £ f- ~ OS 31 M 00 31 COCO 3. ■- rH C— -co" SS8 cooToi 3. O i7 X 37 3. co"m NOOrt OlMO CO — — CMOt- rHCD COM r. - ■* -T d 5 -j i-H «rf t~i U * i E .7 • - .o • -^3 • it c - r .7 g u - a = j - i_ j- c tt 73 1 : 73 ■ : : :j4 -s « cs oj = — -Ci - u c c •" w s " - ncjuoucuc: - ii.5 -;.2H_ c = = -■- = c c U cj'S - - S =— « scsu us: X /. X X X 2i ,i 5 : *te>. Jji :: ■ V J. : - - 59 - a|cg Jill slfs — "T — - •_ - '- c s a a ~ C s - __ — — ~ ~ - ■■ a _• • - "- ."J - £ ■'; z - — -. iv;i:t:i- . : _ : i — id ■::i : — i- M — — a - 77 2?BJa -- - _ / " .- - ! -- 26] Total. $43,672 90 10,513 32 4. '.Mil 13 5,135 11 5,889 75 16, (38 96 2,759 74 6,177 84 9,089 76 19,101 08 14,773 58 9.057 64 c X 7,111 77 13,537 55 560,135 71) 6,511 To 6,627 72 12.475 26 p* X CJ c 3 e ic co -a O -* CO l-O — — CI cc i- cc c CC C 1 l- X 8.135 84 7,258 10 23,218 86 1,173 22 10,706 13 7,335 17 6, 110 17 11.050 16 2,811 86 3.517 10 T. c~oo ~ CI / /• o.c Training School for (Jirls, Geneva. $ 400 34 850 28 CO CM coitus — -r CI ire-* CO co i- cc >-i CM z CO cm -»■ i— i- so OOO CC 0O r* 33 CO .-; i - -*co lOCl ss CO CI CO OO CO CO cc CI Oi c"i CO 7 c- OO 03 ,C CI Charitable Eye & Ear 1 nl irmary , Chicago. CO— 1 CO 00 oo l-.c CM CO 7 52 162 88 641 49 27 57 87 71 100 23 205 18 165 38 295 69 248 08 10 01 403 44 22, 589 79 97 73 162 88 368 35 233 04 350 81 42 60 57 63 137 82 20 05 210 19 180 42 280 65 265 62 12 53 281 51 228 03 85 20 32 58 17 51 32 58 196 15 67 66 Soldiers' Widows' 1 Ionic, Wilmington CM in s CO CO 00 OO 't o CI CI CC CI coco 0*5 l.OO cc cc IO in -* CM A JO • CO • co l.O I 5 co S ,7 o r i 00 o >c ~ - 1 Soldiers' ( Jrphans' I Ionic-, Normal. ■^.1.0 05 CO aoc: OSCB 1^,-H 3» — ~. 03CM OOC3 798 58 798 58 598 91 399 29 199 65 199 65 5,602 07 598 94 998 23 199 65 ire in os CO CD CM ~. 5c 33 — — CO l.OO CO COTCM act- oo CC CC 03 rtOCl CM oo oo t— cc >- CD 1 CO CM 35 Oi CO -. CI Oi 33 CC ,c — cox ^ L-Z Soldiers' & Sailors' Home, Quincy. CMCMI.O CMCMOO t~C-0 c- Oire O0C--W CI 1,212 38 2,910 49 378 87 695 85 1,249 00 937 06 3,085 26 656 70 328 35 723 64 741 32 18,000 11 138 91 257 63 702 17 1,016 63 219 74 251 31 632 71 358 66 330 87 863 &2 143 97 176 80 3, 765 97 201 58 1,899 40 468 53 239 95 3,712 92 366 24 255 1(1 1,968 86 258 89 1,889 29 Asylum for Feeble Minded, Lincoln. $1,615 13 569 15 964 67 551 24 275 62 689 05 6.38 06 1,007 39 2,249 05 1,437 35 1,361 56 826 86 362 44 1,620 64 58,578 29 533 .32 275 62 1,503 50 1,575 10 603 60 826 86 853 04 238 11 826 86 802 05 748 30 497 49 2,331 74 359 68 964 67 362 44 525 05 1,256 82 245 30 413 13 964 67 689 05 1,513 15 Industrial 1 Lome for the Blind, Chicago. i.O O CO cc c- g CI CO 00 — 00 cc o cc* 00 CO o CO Institution for the Blind, Jacksonville CM CM CM CO OOO C1CC 216 03 242 74 242 74 320 41 728 22 956 39 242 74 485 48 185 18 It), 370 65 212 74 242 71 1,182 14 z ire CO CO CO C'l CO CC CO C— 00 ,C IC t-cc 03 tr- -1" CI 03 W H 5 u £ _cc < - z I < 1 PC 1 c PC c S - l u ■2 C c I — r or 'j cc C t 1 c - — 1 - - 7 - •- > r c .E L a 1 c 9 r w 1 E c zz a I Z / b. ■ a - l« z t 1 J 1 E B 7 £ (x. t — 3 z L - z. — 5 1 1- Z z z z E c CC PC B c : u l C I z - 7. - 262 • : — ri— :i — n nhh9i*^Hvn — — — c j — ~> trC« - B — - — z s -• — & 5 i. 2 i S - -z\ ■ 5MC-0«HD! •^ — r. -^ i - . - i - — — — — i*:i,-n::i-.-.- ' ' - ' - — .: ;j — — : — — :i- — ; i i- ?i • — .- - - g — . -. - 7 1 1~ fi O d cd G B3g& - - r E •^ scg^eesi ssss 'it. .-'. 30 tO IS X — -. I r. : i x. li « — i- — M i- ! — — B I Vl -r ■» ~. ? i C I — 2 ■c^i-i ■- r.-;:iM- , ji--c-JC<':r::ir.i- ::.c-:-;/:-:i-;:n-.:i---:cr:^ — > S r./.i- r::i;-»--::i-Mr.r]xi-i:K - r — do ■ ' ■ r ; I — ni senaotN x .r ;. r- te c- -_ 3a — Z ~i fi D t- r i r. — s? i — - — DO — " — " T i DO — c — S i — .1 - - U«Jo ~~ - x •: - 10 CO zz ~ - E~ - '-l,.r 5zEz 7^S^ 3!5 i - — -r z — r I — — — I- I- I- — I- (- t- ■ 1! — U — :i — i- -i i- S: i — I- M 4*_ - l*zt— * s c a no EQ (4 OJ C bl C C 3 C :-. C ; - •7" tl '-^ '- "^ »- »- 3 nag-pt-jjoo-n : -- 263 -* .r. ao » a O > S ce i 1 »>p t co co ^ ■£ o~. x t- w i -: t — *• t^ t^ i.c t~ a: t cq ^ ■; :: :i re C t- z - cc ao «■ - cc C - x cm te 33 x 33 r- cm - - -f i' i • r i « 1 1 : i : r: .? . .^ «: r. /. c . : i - /..■ : - . : - ri - o : i !.■: — w r. t m *. - j. /. r. >: t- ^ i* ?i ih ^- -t 1 -HC-] H-H s s ri oo o •c*i oc s 00 m s CM — CM ~« GOOS COiooHit: CM Ifi lO C-00 t- . - i - r i ~f 33 re ?)N CM cvj t- oo ?. ■ t o c co ^ -t o i- *x> c- ?: x — HiocS^o^^usiAfoocot-oonc- CCt-OOOOOCCWMMt-ONiH^i*C^ cm ^- cm re-** n ^ -* *-t -*■ -* ^ io oo w c. cc c; t *. 33 i- riri-^rcMascM 3£00XO3a0C3XC3 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 n c-OioooaoouooQ 33. x ,: ooo.r'C ~. x CM iC *■+ 33 X CM — « N X 33 (33 OC' X 33 t- CC '33 C3 t- 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 ^cc n n ~ -^ <33 3D t- 33 1 CO CC — C : — l- o -r C :i-(CC^Cir- • ?i a; t' -3 m re t- i l* oc ? i o r. co 3 x oo oo t- :: 7i r 1 1~ f! 3 'J •* 3 X CJ C -t X I* r- ■* CC t" C M X O -* - 33 33 3D re CM * -r — re L- re 33 [- CJ 33 X — C - M i~ .- 3 - K X *3 33 ^h _ re ei 33 — 33 x r:--x:in?H-:i'*x:i.-3X 33 re* 33* oWn of i-* cm' cm" ih : 30 — oc 1— 1 1— 1 1— 1 — re t- cc 33 c i ■ c re ie — c 1 — 1— ■**• l— ce 1 ■ - O CD N X 00 X -t X X [> 1 " O •* CO re -i- '3 t* i.e '3 3. 3. re cm 33 33 33. h tr- tr- re o: 33 33 x cm re . e x iH re ■ ■*# fc- -«*< co 00 - ■ — . 33 33 — re 3; rt .~ " c 33 cm cm — l— x o 1 cm t ~ re re ^ ~- cm ; cDricooectoooOcoc re -* cm 1 33 cm -**< a; l cccm MM cm .e re »e 01 -*oo-r x ~r? CM -r 33 -**• CM WT3 ^ « >» - ^2 c bi-a is c » re £:« w P-^ w ^ cfi es.s 0*3 ST! R ?• B • " « C -.•-.'-.'-.". ~^;;^; s («i i'<;i / x — X X - - - i ' • z - - r — — de Male ile — Male - > Female M i ale — - Male : «iiri — - 1 ile Male .-: — - • 3 - -- Female — — 7 i 71 :i :i = M ■ r i r i : : :i 7 1 .7 — . ale — 71 ■ — * - ■ - — i - ..:.-: — ■ >- Female ?i — r- — . - 7 J T i X — ?i " r i 7 i .-: 7i — :: — Male - - P : ' «W — — .- : — : i — 7J 7 i .-7 — .1 R \H~ *> 1 \KS. N £ : i — : i — — — — •— 71 — ile rt — - i .-: 717 1 £ — 71 — Male — — n — — — 2 - 1 1 1 < '. > . : ;— e P : - \ . B ill = - i- - S-S i c • ; : : v u "' - ' 1 1 l! f : - - :31 • - - t C if j - i— — 5«i£s -■-•-- 265 — : ■M A r. r tu- M T — : T — : M y. — ___„ _ _ „ „«?!« — M— — — — i : s , : z z re saono« 71 •t^CH — ? 1 ? i TO .r-.-* M i-ItH ;CJ ;CJ ;C1 CI cieu t CJ™-H CJti-I M .-iCl • TCI cm ro nKN«Hi+ TO M IH -* — - CJ • m ■ nnrtffMKSlnW MTO CJ i-i 113 CI i-H N 1-1 TO ■ MM • CO r- 1 t-* CO CO — —• TO — ■ WW TO rn TO TO TO TO — ' CI « C) T ri «n -h t to ih — ci t i-i »-i t T CJ t t-i t .-« to «.c i~ — rt -1 -r CM ^i • -H • CM -+ i T ■ _ c L ■ a • t. ■~ z — '. - t y. i iC - ^ - c - 1 c i = f) _ >- [ - • • u> : : u ^£2,5 u erf; BfifS T £ S i 3. c s i E St ■d a - z\ cd s a> t; s ~ 2«<; : O '< - - : - -:i- - ■ ,- • - 2 - «> • s C i - 1 1 ' _ — — S >< ale - Male — : i -;i ?l ■ • : ■ 5 ^ 1 \KS. • r 5 Male *■* I** — — ;i s ©« i i .-: Tl — :i $ Male .... M •-♦ n — N ^CICI — — — X * - <- Female cm ; e>a ! i — ?i .- - 1 — : i — ■- — Male — r i y — r — wOrOietO S - I: > Female — e SHNRN - - : i a Male — — . " . - .-: X — ri — r i .-: - i — r i ■- IS ile . ^ — ri - g \l ■ - -i — — - r " - © tie - 1 — 8 Male — r i : . ! i < - - ii - — z ~ ! R gu - R 7 C Q 7. '- r. — C - tt a : s I C : / z r: C C J* G 5 : - 267 Table XXX — Showing the number of idiotic and feeble-minded women between the ages of 15 and 45 years in the State, as re- ported by 1 w supervisors, County. Receiving aid. Receiving family care. Total number. 12 3 I 15 1 Bond Boone 1 1 2 •> Carroll 2 •> 5 1 1 1 Clark 1 Clay . 1 1 Coles 1 12 1 Cook 1 13 1 2 1 DeKalb 1 3 DeWitt i l 1 1 1 •> L' 1 3 8 11 Ford 3 1 8 1 3 1 4 3 10 7 4 Fulton 18 Gallatin . 1 5 8 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 8 2 1 2 6 11 1 11 •> 1 ■> 6 11 1 11 1 5 1 6 2 5 1 6 3 7 4 2 2 8 1 2 7 Kendall .. 1 6 •> LaSalle . 8 2 2 1 3 13 3 8 4 10 4 1 14 3 16 8 3 3 3 3 10 <5 10 2 a 1 5 2 2 2 1 8 6 1 3 2 1 Ogle 2 10 '/'"/»/< A' A A ( !onclucled. -IV « itip aid. ■ vinj; fan i i 1 number. I l Richland 1 u Rock Island 3 1 Shelby 3 l ■> Si. Clair .... Stark Stephenson 3 n '< \ ell •> 2 •> - 1 •> ;i 1 1 1 Will :- ■ i pi a :< :< Total 104 241 345 269 < H Female t— co m i-* co o - Cl CO . C- CO CO »- Cl X c 00 OS 00 C£ CO cojjc i- co r. -^ in — ii~ — c ~ O K Male... ■* 00 -* 00 00 t— OS lOi.O CO O 00 OS OS -f O TO CO CO H CO O CO -H C. 1- « CC M — T. CO . 1 C- CO r"« —CI MH KII Cl— I CI — — Q - r - / 1 r - Female «•* ^cico — coi"cos.-: ci ■- — co — co — cc ic — r i r-it- — — 00 — ^ — ■■;?! - x> = -•-- u - Female - - Cl --' - Cl — — • Male . - CM -o - 7 1 Cl - z • Female - CO CM — 1 - " Cl MCI- • Male . . CMfli-l CO r-l -" ~- C1CO C1C1 - -•> :: »5 w P < Q Female ~ rt ~ CO Male ... ~ -« H - - Female CO Cl — CO i— l ri cue Cl — Cl — C^lrt-^ Male . .. — ci cici — - — — Cl Cl Cl Cl - I- 1~ — recic^M 0, w 1-1 Female Cl - Cl - CO rt ~ Cl Mrt •01 ■ Male ... - - CO os i-HCl - - - z < CO z Female CMl-Hl-H os - - -r — r. c i 00 00 OS MKCOKH -* OS ,,,- Male . . . CO ~ in rtCO-f - H»OH s Ot-i-l - CO COCO— 1 2 C L > I a if a — C Z - c — 1 C R i a C .- — - N - r 1 e I r ■- - - ■- E .- a c c 7 E > B g g c c t. s c s ^ : ■- r s b : S ) i E - 3 B 7 ■ s ; £ P i ■~ E c a 271 :o ci t- co el t- :o -h cc CC — cc cc < ^j. iC CI l-fin CI CI — • CC CO 30xci-i.:oOHMK-;:--;;--'.'CKi-;i:]^:rt-'i-ii'Mf ;.wjo CC COO tH-^ CI O =D* ccco t-cic rt ^H 01- :i'.' .-: • ci so t- nc ~ ci *-* cc ci 'O-tOIlM^ -^ ^ •* — t~ co cc i-h — — 1~ .-i^ • fiMMrtHHHwnwf^O'.wi': — IT C> tOi-ICO m •!OCOC11iC--HCOC©ai CC — CO "W T-t t- rH — CC — — • i-i L- CI — CC .- — — CIO •x — ■- CC — CI CC « CM i-l 83 ■^J< -«-H .-H-Hl-H •i-HCl-OidiC - a-25 — -—^ r. u OO — CI — p o O St-, x id d ^i o S ^SCc^cuo, : '•£ 5.3.2" a 5 >. : j? : «_£ £ H r 3 cs H3-S c « v : c* £:s Table XXXII. si,,, nun/ the movement of population of the county jails during flu year ending June 30*1904, as rejxyrted by Hour, Is of Auxiliary visitors and represesentatives of this Board. -l\l J' 1 ■. \i«m i : l»l i Vl \R. 1 >l~( II XK..I D 1 IIKIM. "l BAR. Dll D I MII1S., Vl \H. 1 • K I KG U. . I II -. EL n ft 1 - — - - -. s ■- -. T s 1 \2A 10 ]■::; ,. 6 ■■ 2 I 19 30 I i .'. 11. Bureau 1 90 I - ■ in. Carroll •> - i •■ 2 4 425 1 10 84 • 11 • 24 13 7 42 I ! 1 ■• •■ 518 1 7 101 66 a 26 '..1 11 24 i 7 1 1 4 5 1 5 1 •_> •> 1 Christi; i Clark 1 Clinton.. .. 11 Cumberland I 7 I tl 1 3 3 17 I 11 3 I 18 Douglas I i 3 41 1 1 1 B8 1 30 12 12 H2 31 126 15 l 1 1 •■ 4 2 i in - 92 83 39 126 15 51 2 1 ! 8 I Franklin Fulton. 3 5 16 ■ Gallatin ... 1 » frundy Hamilton 1 k n I 2 1 I 1 1 [enry 70 it go I 5 16 B4 20 II 12 in I J 20 7 286 122 ii. 25 118 -i - i- 92 28 ■i -. 12 i- 1 : ■> 17 8 5 Iroquois 4' 11 ! i •> 3 Jackson .i 1 ' *> 1 96 (0 11 12 124 L'l 289 127 i 112 84 126 18 182 102 ■ i i 102 18 10 1 8 8 • 18 ii 6 •> ii 5 i B l io l 20 S 1 B I '•N I ' . " 1 |] 19 10 18 ■'■ 6 5 i 2 l •J - 18 12 22 11 i 2 1 1. - Lawreni • 5 40 17 •> il •_> Mai on Macoupin 2 ■• 7 3 l l Marion . M hall. 1 it 6 12 •■ i l ■ 'Hull 1 Mi Lean. :ii i • l l>7:; Table XXXII. Concluded. *Not reported. +Jail abandoned. Prisoners in Adams County jaiL ^Prisoners in Macon County jail. Counties. Present July 1,1903. Admitted During Year. Discharged Died Kk.ma During During Ji \ Year. Year. 19( NING 30, - n 2 n 3 2 n *1 = Male. Female Male. Female. Male. Mercer 1 24 80 101 10 37 6 4 6 3 24 SO 101 6 1 Monroe •> Montgomery 4 15 1 4 4 4 Morgan 15 2 Moultrie 1 37 1 3 Ogle 2 Perry 5 27 1 •J7 1 iPiaft Pike 2 3 6 24 12 60 3 28 21 427 38 2,11.", 8 1 25 13 24 14 62 3 29 21 JO-) 2 1 Pope 1 Pulaski 1 Putnam Randolph 1 Richland Rock Island. 23 1 70 o 3 4 28 •'x 1 Sangamon 2.105 12 si 1 5 Schuyler 10 *Scott Shelby 1 15 5 1.202 182 211 23 681 1 1 136 17 6 4 46 15 1 Stark 1,193 177 219 675 30 66 2° 12 48 35 44ii 1 131 16 6 4 45 St. Clair. . . 73 1 11 7 19 1 7 3 1 3 1 1 si s Stephenson ... Tazewell 5 1 4 1 Union 8 25 4 Wabash 30 . 1 22 14 52 33 447 121 244 14 1 1 1 o > "9 10 1 1 Washington . . . Wayne 1 1 9 as 3 White 1 90 Will 2 3 61 2 Williamson 113 S Winnebago 8 3 1 237 14 10 15 3 1 Total 1,107 67 16,683 1,075 16, 193 1.076 , 19 1,278 66 18 B C l'TI Table X X X 1 1 1 Showing << statement of expenditures by the Illinois Board oj State Commissioners of Public Charities mi account of nil finals, the names of firms and individuals, the t<>fnl cost of supplies purchased, or service rendered, during the two years ending .1 un< 30, 1904. < .i Firm or Ikdi \ 1 1 • i \i l American El ; ress Co Boards of Auxiliary Visitors Byere, Jos. I'., set retary Jos l ' ll nidi) Telep'm ( • v ( Irganization 5 I )irk>cii, A a - I I I I > . Chairman tral Passenger Ass'n I Dodds.FredC h aw cett, I- ranees ( ribbons, John ( rlenn, James A K \ 5 Mfg. Co Illino ■ lllino - Si ite Ri g Istei Co Inter-State Telephone Co Jayne, Perry Jayne, Pen v Jayne, Win Klaholt,J. C Kiefer, Mrs. Emma W Largent, M ly Mi ii in Mi rg.A.C. & Co Mi ( "Hum. Robert 1 ■*: 1 1 ■ ] t i i l\ ■ ...... I'liilli |<— I'.ri >s L. & Co Pi im;i1 I elegrapb v<> .... Pure Ice & Cold Storai iM rt, K \ therine Rokker.H. w .Co i lelena 1- Simmons, Frank Smith, Mrs. s. II Spratling, W. l> Springfield Papei < o Tabi tii. Josiah .id Tanner, J. Mack Tanner, J . Mack s Co W il son, K. Bruce tiflcation of Articles Pun nasi Sen ice Rendered. Year en mt; June nit: Jane i siting almshouses and jails . Membership :1ml proc.Nat Conf.Charities Expei 1 f Charities, rental and tolls Subscription to "Charities" ( Office Bupplies.etc ( >tEce furniturr and repairs Joint agents' fees Traveling expenses Salary as stenographer. . .. Services as stenographer. Expenses Traveling expensi Salary as stenographer Repai ■ Printing and subscription Subscription Rental Traveling expenses Salary as ooofckeeper Traveling expenses Repairs mi ,1, ick Expenses as Sei State Conf. of Charities Salary as janitor Traveling expenses Printing Expenses as witness before board K\ press charges Printing ■ '! Springfield due. •■ relegraph cl i Ice We tern I Fnion Tel. Co Wheeler, I .. I-... pi istn i k D Whlpp, Frank D Wright, \ S W itt.M Total. Expenses as Sec State Conf. ol Charities Serv. as stenographer StateConf.Charities Printing and binding •.. Services as stenographer i iffice supplies i Expenses as witness before i ■• -.t r- 1 Exp. attending State C onf. ol Chai < ifflce supplies Salary as lanitoi . Washing tow els fi n offii e : ■ i a Salary as secretarj Express i barges es .,- si.,te An bitecl v isiting I ast era Institutions Telegraph charges Postage i b Traveli'g expenses. office Ini Identals, etc Salarj asassistant secretary 1 1. iv . ■ 1 1 1 1 j_- ex penses Salarj .is stenographer • 66 •.ii 2 00 16 90 7'.' BO tl 00 • - 696 77 15 i.i :. .V) 174 - • 900 '" 219 51 I 50 58 96 •J 1 1 19 5 Ml ■ 13 i 85 51 15 120 00 2 ss 8,000 ... 16 i" 184 10 190 00 264 58 2,000 00 •.'.'i 81 61 50 7-vT 50 200 in 1,100 00 1 00 • g 60 1 1 ; 92 • -Ml ..I U I B2 3,000 00 L'7 15 121 50 -ill :27:> Table XXXIII— Concluded. Approriatiox Account. For the year ending June 30, 1903. 1902 Dr. uly 1 To balance of incidental appropriation undrawn balance of salary of secretary appropriation undrawn 1903 June 30 1903 July 1904 June 30 Cr. By expenditures on account of incidental appropriation salary of secretary balance For year ending June 30, 1004. Dr: To balance of incidental appropriation undrawn appropriation for incidental expenses for two vears end- ing J une 30, 1905 appropriation for salary of secretary for two years end- ing June 30,1905 appropriation for expenses of boards of auxiliary visitors for two years ending June 30,1905 Cr. By expenditures on account of incidental appropriation salary of secretary expenditures on account of boards of auxiliary visitors balance of incidental appropriation undrawn balance of salary of secretary appropriation undrawn . .. balance of auxiliary boards appropriation undrawn $ 8, 332 14 3,000 00 $11,332 II $ 208 76 14,000 00 6,000 00 3,000 00 $23,208 76 % 8,123 38 3,000 00 208 76 $11,332 14 % 6,806 81 3,000 00 818 69 7,401 95 3,000 00 2,181 31 $23,208 76 276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ILLINOIS CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AT QUINCY, OCTOBER 20,21, and 22, L903. First I >ay, Ti bsdai . < >< tobeb l!<). The Eighth Annual Meeting of the Qlinois Conference of Charities w;is called to order al 3 < >"<-!< >» - k p, m. in the Vermonl Streel Methodist Church al Quincy by Mr. T. JF. Clark, Chairman of the Executive Committee. The session was opened with prayer b\ the Reverend K. W. Harvey, after which Honorable C. H. Williamson was introduced and delivered tin- following welcoming addrt — ADDRESS <>F WEL< OME. By Hon. C. II. Williamson, of Quincy. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: In the absence of tin- mayor, it becomes my pleasant duty t<> welcome you t<> our city, which I trust you will ti in 1 ln>tli beautiful and hospitable. We an- so near to Missouri, whose hos- pitality is ever memorable, for who does not know thai "Missouri Loves company,' 1 thai we ough1 to surpass the average spirit of Illinois hospitality. And I am sure that we are especially glad t < > welcome your association, who bring to 1 1 1 • * observance of charity so much of orderly knowledge and practical wisdom. There an- two views aboul charity. The one, that it is voluntary: the other, that it is a duty. Those who bestow charity, generally regard it roluntarj act ami therefore meritorious. Those who receive it. generally regard it as a duty to themselves. How yon regard it. 1 do not know; lmt if von bring a spirit of sanity to tin- matter, as I am sure you do, yours is the righl side. For we do not lack- the charitable impulse so much as the wis dom to guide it. and much of our highesl emotion go ,s for naught because of its blindness and ignorance, so that the French cynic said: "It takes half the time of tin' wis,- i,, repair the mistakes of the good." Y.iu are realizing, making incarnate the Christ spirit, showing the tender- ness Of tin' Strong to the weak, the patieiiee of the wise to the feelile. God forward and prosper your work, and may some tithe of your spirit leaven ami sweeten this community that your stay among us may he locally fruitful, as I am sure it is for t he Slate I! i HPON8] To A DDB1 -- in Wmii lid i . B r Ed. A. Kelly, of Chicago, Member of State Board of Charith s.) Mr. i hairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: On behalt of t he [llinois Conference • •t Charities, ami in the name of the State Hoard of i harities, which I have 1 he honor to represent, I thank t he Hon. II. C, Williamson who has .,, , kindly welcomed us to his home, the city of Quincy. Everybody loves a home. One of t lie poets 1 1 ihmt remember which one it «;i^ said: "The whole world Loves a lover,' ami I believe the whole world loves the person who loves his home. In regard to the meeting here. I will say that I understand that the duties of tin mmissioners appointed by the Governor of Illinois are to look after the interests nf 1 he poor, of (he unfortunate and of the helpless. From your conferences they take advice, and for a great many of the ideas that they Work out in their sessions, and for the methods they pursue, they feel that they owe to \oii their thanks in this work of charity. 277 It is also worthy of note in this our busy day. when everybody is thinking of material progress, and everybody is working for its success, to know thai the christian spirit of charity is acting in the hearts of the people. There is no better evidence of this than the existence and work of the State Conference of Charities. The State of Illinois also gives assistance where it is necessary for the sup port of the poor, of the unfortunate, and the helpless, and to prove that this is not merely a high-sounding tale, I will state the amount that is expended yearly in charity. Each year this State applies $2,500,000 to the supporl of those who need it. Those who are engaged in charity work are not looking- for gain, but giving their services as you do — gratis. We must all lend a helping hand, and I am sure that we will never regret the good we have done or will do toward the helping of the ones less fortunate than we arc. We must carefully consider the requirements that are best for the poor de- linquent classes of the State of Illinois. We must look at the present and future and see that public charitable institutions keep pace with the increase of population of the State. In the name of the Board of Charities which is carrying on this work legiti- mately and according - to the will of his Excellency, the Governor of this State. who time and again has expressed his double love for humanity, not only by his word and action, but by his personal aid. I thank the people of Quincy for the kindness and hospitality that is shown here, and I am sure that we will enjoy our stay very much. Mr. T. J. Clarke: — I regret to say that owing to very important duties our president. Hon. W. C. Cochran, of Sullivan, is unable to be present at this meeting to deliver his annual address. We will therefore continue our program. I have the honor of introducing to you Mr. Perry C. Ellis, of the Quincy Whig, who will now read the paper prepared by him on "Public Institutions and the Press." Public Institutions ami the Press. (By Mr. Perry C. Ellis, of Quincy, Editor of the Quincy Whig.) Only a few days ago there flashed into the office of the Quincy Whig, as well as all other newspapers having the world-wide service of the Associated press, the following telegram: "Guthrie, Ok.. Oct. 13.— Frank Elgin, a patient in the insane asylum at Normal, Ok., died Sunday from the effects, it is alleged, of a beating by .1. W. Severs, an attendant. Severs has fled and a warrant for his arrest, charg- ing murder, has been issued." Then the instrument began clicking oft' other news of the day. Its mon- otonous throbbing did not lull at once the feeling of horror that the dispatch had inspired, even amidst the receipt of other news from the fields of crime and avenues of misfortune. Even Oriental law holds sacred from violence the person of those who are bereft of sight or reason. Against the man who can not think, even the barbarian stays his hand. Here was a helpless unfor- tunate beaten down and maimed and bruised to death by a brutal keeper. who. when he had seen the results of his awful crime, fled from the retribu- tion of his fellow men. The case stood out conspicuously in the realm of news, a blot on the day. There was abundant reason for every citizen of Illinois who read that dis- patch, if he had a pride in his State, to be reverently grateful that murder lias not been charged against any of the public institutions of Illinois. And yet there have been abundant indications in t lie recent past thai the item above quoted, if it had borne the date line of Jacksonville, or Kankakee. or Elgin, or Anna, or Watertown, Ilk. would have been hailed with delight in some of the newspaper offices of this State, some of them in that great center of civilization. Chicago. Hut the principal character they would see in such an item would not be the brutal keeper swinging his stick or the helpless victim sinking beneath the blows. There is a possibility thai they might altogether forget to point out that the shame was that of the State and the entire people. Instead, they would handle the news in such a man- L*7- ii. -r. no doubt, that exultation over an opportunity t<> strike ;i personality in the administration of the State government would be so thinly disguised as rbalance whatever abhorence mighl be expressed over the deed itself. It is true tli.it distressing circumstances occasionally occur in the public in- stitutions of every Btate, -n<-h as the telegraph re -'I<-'1 last night from B tonville, where an insane patienl overpowered hi- keeper ana ran amuck, endangering the lives of others until be was overcome. He was seriously injured in the struggle and died. The province of the press in such an in- stance would be to get al the exacl facts before rendering judgment, and if. ;i> tin- Associated Press reporl on 1 1 1 » - incident Bays, the man's injuries w< red while the keeper was acting in self-defense and in the protectioi others, it should be given to the ] > n l » I i < • accordingly. In ether words, there is I ouch of a tendency on the part of certain new s- papers, not alone in Illinois, though oot anywhere more emphasized, totn the news affecting public affairs and institutions according to the inclination of the newspapers towards those in control of affairs. There are able news- papers in the Mate of Illinois which have given the impression to many that they sometimes distort or discolor news regarding the public affairs and institu- - according to prejudices. In alluding to this fact, without which a paper <>ii •■The Press and State Institutions" would mean little, there is no intention to touch on politics except in the abstract. There are newspapers of all shades of political belief to which the statement applies. A porta ( the press will he influenced in its treatment of public institutions by individual feeling as long as there are political parties. And inside each political party there will in- newspapers influenced in their treatment of the news by their disposition towards this or that portion of the party. An indulgence in platitudes throws no light on a subject. I admit the weaknesses and errors of the press. The newspaper is not a perfect institu- tion. I claim for it do exception from the general law of imperfection which rules humanity, Neither can a state institution he perfect, though 1 have no doubt that more than one newspaper could he found in the city of Chicago, or elsewhere iii the State, that would not hesitate to explain how every institu- tion, from the State Home for Delinquent Hoys to the Asylum for Insane i riminals COUld forever avoid untoward incidents. some newspapers might claim the state institutions are already perfect. These newspapers are quite as prejudiced in their eulogies as others arc in their criticisms. Such an attitude is as wrong, though not as malicious, as antagonistic misrepresentation through prejudice. A newspaper, of whatever party, should give the news impartially and tell the truth regarding public institutions and public affairs, otherwise it is dishonest toward the public. It is well for all public institutions to he under the close scrutiny of the press. The more open they are to newspaper men the less opportunity they afford for misrepresentation and tin- closer they are to the view of the people. The people must know what is going on. They demand the news and the newspapers must furnish it. When newspapers do not have free access to public institutions, or public hoards go into executive session, newspapers will get fragments of the news and attempt to publish the facts, the course often re Milling in an unintentional misrepresentation. Not long ago the head of a State Institution Bent out a regular annual pass to the institution to newspaper men over the Mate. The wisest thing that a public man can do 18 to walk in the open and take the public into his eonti dence. It is entitled to see him at the work which it entrusts to his hands. I nder the present system in Illinois the press has naturally held the Go? ernor responsible for the conduct of the Mate institutions. The Governor appoints the various hoards, and these Hie heads of the various institutions over which the Hoard of Public < haritics have a general supervision. Among all these the responsibility is d i st r i h u t ed . but the press and people hold the chief executive tirst of all lesp, nisi hie. As long as there are political parties and people differ On matters Of principle, the man who leads the party that is in |iower will he held responsible for the conduct of public affairs during that party's administration, some have soughl to relieve him of this respon- sibility by suggesting a Mate Hoard of Control, having absolute control of all institutions, the appointment of officials, etc. 279 I have not hoard of any Governor of Illinois. Republican or Democrat, who has sought to shirk the responsibility that, under the laws of the Stat.-, at- taches to the office. A State board of control has been frequently suggested, but this proposition does not appear to offer relief from what some of its ad- vocates term a ■lamentable condition.'" In a report to the National Con- ference of Charities and Correction at Detroit in 1902. a gentleman from Chicago, who saw radiant visions of the non-political millenium. said, in sug- gesting a board of Control: "One result of the long continuance of these conditions has been to arouse a strong public sentiment in favor of a state board of control to supercede the local boards, trustees and to be hedged about with such limitations as shall prevent, if possible, its manipulation for partisan or personal ends." In this connection I discovered the fact that the State Hoard of Charities. as constituted previous to that time, came to the remarkable conclusion some of them doubtless after years of thoughtful reflection on the board — that they should be abolished, and recommended their own abolition. They also recommended the establishment of a central board of control, which the press, mainly that portion of it in Chicago, had considerable to say about at the time. A bill was introduced, but failed to become a law. The fact of the matter was that there 'was no crying demand for it beyond the limited circle of theorists and a few scattering newspapers. 1 think this is fairly within my subject, as the gentleman who so roseately pictured the board of control plan at the Detroit conference is reported as saying: "The newspa- pers generally oppose pi-esent conditions." The newspapers generally do stand for a betterment of conditions at all times but they vary widely in their ideas as to how they may be bettered. From what I can gather from the press of the State, it is hard to discover any loud and vehement demand for a sweeping change in the State laws governing public institutions. The press does not seem to be worrying at all over the matter. I have gone more fully into the subject than I might have done were it not for the fact that the atti- tude of the press on the point was stated in a national conference of charities to be such and such, when not three per cent of the total number of news- papers in the State have ever expressed themselves on the subject of a State board of control. However admirable the newspapers of the city of Chicago may be. no one should be led so far astray as to imagine, after scanning the editorials of two or three of them, that he has ascertained the sentiment of the press of Illinois. There are a thousand newspapers in Illinois outside of the city of Chicago. Some of them are edited in rather a homely fashion, but the most of them think for themselves, and get close to the hearts and senti- ments of their constituencies. The press of Illinois is patriotic. It is desirous of performing its duty towards the State. Its attitude toward all public institutions should be friendly and its desire should be to assist all public servants of whatever party who seek to serve the people properly. This friendliness toward the institu- tions and the public servants who conduct them should not. however, inter- fere with fidelity to public interests on the part of the press when criticism of an honest nature will serve a good purpose, or when outright denunciation is deserved by someone recreant to public interests. It is the petty faultfind- ing and the misrepresentations urged by prejudiced partisan or factional feel- ing that should be avoided — often the most dangerous implement of scheming politicians, the most insidious weapon of demagogues. If there has been any cry for a change in any newspaper in the State of Illinois in the last six months, it has not been for a change of laws relative t<> State institutions, but the usual anti-campaign cry for a change in the offices. Very often the cry of the man who deplores the methods of those in power is the disguised voice of the politician who is hostile to the management because he is not in it. Any management of the institutions of the State would be political in the broad sense of the word. It does not make any difference how that manage- ment is chosen. If it were absolutely without political affiliation, to whom would the press and the people look for accountability'.' Who would be responsible? Would the administration under which the board acted? If so. should not the administration then appoint those for whose acts it would be 280 accountable? If this were done \\<>ulf control by Dr. Wines before the Detroit conference was: "Thai the power which ii is proposed to vest in ;i central board is political power and that it 16 anwise and unsafe to concentrate such great and mani- fold powers in any Bingle body of men. They would appoint the vast majority of persons borne on the payrolls <>f the State, would control the ■ aditure of more than halt the genera] revenues of the State, ami the patronage thus placed at their disposal would enable them to exercise an un- due, if ii"t corrupt, influence over the Legislature ami State executive." The press ot Illinois is proud of the institutions of the State. In the blue t.ook of Illinois, recently issued, the chapter on state institutions begins with the schools. This is the proper beginning, for they an- the foundation \er\ commonwealth. There are 13,855 public Bchools in Illinois, ami every one of them is a pillar of the republic. All that is enduring of men or nation^ is of the mind. Proud, too. is the press of Illinois of the public institutions for the care of the state- unfortunates. Early in the history of the state, beginning about 1819, Illinois began making general provision for such. An institution for the deaf and dumb was established in Jacksonville in 1839 ami a state hospital for the insane at the same point in 1*47. A State Hoard of Charities was established on recommendation in a message from Gov. Oglesby in 1869, and the system of charitable and correctional institutions have grown steadily under its supervision to iis present splendid development. The press of Illinois naturally takes a deep interest and says a greal deal aboul institutions of the state. The search-light of publicity has been turned upon them steadily by some of the newspapers without revealing any great amount of faults, though faults were Bought for diligently and persistently enough. In view of the enterprise shown in seeking to timl things amiss in the State institutions by certain newspapers, ami their failure to find anything of a serious nature on which to discredit those in- stitutions, the press of Illinois, as well as those indirectly delegated by the people to control the institutions of the siate. have reason to,- congratula- tion. Even the searches for the discreditable may join in the genera] felici- tation that naturally belongs to the entire people of Illinois, regardless party, because they have failed to find it. The Chairman: The topic i-> now open lor discussion. Dr. Eastings II. Bart, <>i' Chicago: I have had many years experience in dealing with the public press. I have found it t<> be the rale thai yon can safel) trusl the newspaper man. I have known many newspaper men to whom yon could state in confidence facts "nol for publication" which would have made most desirable news, .in, | thej would hold them in strict confidence until liberty was given lor t heir publical ion. I have found the newspaper men ready and anxious to promote everj good work. It is true thai the desire of the newspapers is to make their news interesting ami to avoid a "scoop" often leads them to publish Bensational articles on imperfecl information, or to publish facts which 1 1 1 i u: 1 1 1 better I" suppressed lor the public good. Bui \.-r\ often this undesirable consummation could !"• avoided by deal- ing frankl) with the editor and putting him on his honor. The efforts to suppress the facts immediately arouses the suspicion thai there is something to be suppressed, ami it' the officer of the public institution refuses i" u r i\e legitimate information on request the newspaperman feels al libertj to seek information wherever he can gel it. I would repeal whal I have said before, "Do no1 be afraid to trust an accredited representative of a good newspaper.' 281 Mr. .John J. Sloan. Superintendent House of Correction, Chicago— I believe in newspapers, even with all their faults, and though their criticism will at times injure and tread upon the toes of sonic person, there is no question but that in the end they do good. Tf the criti- cism is wrong, you will get over it. and if it is right, you deserve it, and the effeel of publicity on the whole is to elevate and promote the efficiency of public service. Civil service examinations as ordinarily conducted do not definitely determine one's fitness for a position One may pass with good grades in an examination and still lack the disposition or the ability to perform the work that is assigned to him. This is the experience in every other line of business, and in public institutions it is the same. Persons who have answered satisfactorily various questions in an examination and secured a high rating are certified, but when the practical part of the work is to be done, they often prove unfit, and quite frequently after the probationary period has expired and the tenure of their position is secured; they show by lack of fidelity and interest their unfitness for the work, and lack the disposition to perform its duties, their main interest apparently being looking for- ward to pay day. Persons employed in public institutions and entrusted with the care and lives of others, in addition to ability must have natural fitness, interest, disposition and temperament in order to perform the work in a satisfactory manner and for the good of those committed to its care, in order to uphold and maintain the standard of excellence required of institutions in this day. The right of discharge should be vested in the executive of the city or state, so that the negligent employe can be summarily dismissed without the formality of a formal trial and the commission of some overt act in direct violation of rules. Institutions are primarily erected for the protection of the public and the betterment of its in- habitants, and its interests are first, while those of the employe are second, and it is my opinion that the standard of public service would be increased and its expense lessened if the responsible head of any department of government had the right to dismiss an employe for when it is known that their services can be dispensed with, without the commission of some serious offense and the filing of formal charges, a deeper interest in their work and a better inclination to perforin their respective duties would result, and it would all tend to elevate both the plane of the institution as well as its employes. Mrs. Ophelia L. Amigh It is not my desire to criticise, hut I wish to say that newspaper men should not always want something sensa- tional to happen before they cue to write up an institution, as if that would be the only good cause for a writing. Some time since a lady reporter, whom we know, asked the mana- ger of the paper on which she was employed to give her an appoint- ment to write up the Geneva school. He asked her if there had been a riot out there or any other trouble, and she answered, "No. 1 ' He then said he did not see what she wanted to write up the place for. In regard to civil service examinations, will say that I have had charge of the institution for nine years and that there is no one em- 282 ployed who has not passed an examination under me, do matter if she <>r he have passed the <-i\il service examination, as I usually have ;i civil Bervice examination of my own, in which I ask questions which would never be asked in ;i civil Bervice examination, and which are very essential in our work. ;iiilo bj .Mr. .1. P. Garner of Quincy. The meeting was then called to onlcr by the chairman. Chairman [ desire to introduce Mr. Edgar T. Davies, Chief Fac- tory [nspector, Chicago, who will present ;i paper prepared by him on •'The ( Jhild Labor Law.' 1 The Child Labob Law. Bj Mr. Edgar T. Davies, Chief Factory Inspector, Chii Thai we find such an army of child toilers in this country would suggesl to one some anderlying cause which has so far bafBed thus,, uim have en- deavored to solve the problem of child labor. It musl be acknowledged thai both our industrial and eeoi dc institutions forbid easy generalizations. While we of this state have not been able to Bolve this deep problem in full. we have taken important steps to control it. investigations making it ap- parent that child Labor is neither necessary nor suited to our American social conditions and political institutions. The majority of the states have enacted Laws to control child Labor, and in Illinois pass.-d an act regulating tin- einph iviiient of children, hut after ten years 1 trial the statute was found to be entirely inadequate and defective. The first law regulating the employment of children in this State was pas in 1891, hut it was general Legislation, no officials having been created to en- • it. and naturally it was not observed. The 38th General AjBsembly, in the year L893, passed an act establishing what is now known as the Illinois State factory Inspector's Department. It created a corps of ten inspectors, chief and assistant chief, whose duties wen- to enforce the law regulating the manufacture of wearing apparel. This act is better known as the sweat simp ad. The purpose of the law was to supervise the general manufacture of wearing apparel of all kinds and descriptions, to see to it that all clothing was made under clean and healthy conditions, free from vermin and infection from contagious diseases. One of the sections of this law dealt with child Labor and prohibited the employment of anyone under the age of 11 years in this cla^v ,,| work; providing further that all children between the aires df it and L6 years should he provided with an affidavit as to their age, said affidavit being made by the parenl before a notary public. The employer of the child was required to have this affidavit on tile so that the deputy inspector when inspecting the establishment whould have evidence of the child's age l nder the definition of ili<- word -factory'' or "workshop" the act was broad enough to regulate the employment of children in any place where ids were cleaned, >\\f(\ or sorted, in whole or in pan . for sale or for wa I "i- four years the inspectors were limited in their jurisdiction, covering only factories a lid w i irkshl >ps. The loth General Assembly passed a law regulating the employment of children, and made it broad enough to cover s|(. res. offices, laundries and mercantile institutions, in addition to factories and workshops. They did not add to the number of inspectors, Leaving the number of ten unincreased. These few deputies had the entire State to cover, a Ml-I held of LOS counties: eighl of the deputies wen- assigned to the city of Chicago, while two in- tors had to look a ft <■!• tin- i it her mi count ies. it . of course, was absolutely impossible for this same number to inspect all the towns and cities within the State, so their Labors were Limited to the inspection of the Large munici- palities and manufacturing centers, it being impossible to inspect any one establishment more than once a year. l>s:: Commendable progress was made, however, and in view of the then exist- ing- laws, which were entirely inadequate and defective, some good results were obtained, but owing to the law being loose and full of Loop holes. i1 offered many opportunities for evasion, both by the unscrupulous employer and the parents. Especially was this defective law taken advantage of by the parents, who. either from a point of need or avariciousness. Lack of care or interest in their children, made false affidvit as to their children's ages, going before a notary public they would certify that the child was of the age of 14 or above, when in reality it was but L2 or l:'. years of age. In this man- ner thej T not only defeated the Child Labor law. but the compulsory education law as well. Factory inspectors would repeatedly receive complaints that children nnder legal age were working in some factory, store or workshop. The inspectors could do nothing because the child was provided with, and the employer protected by a false affidavit. So great did this fault become, that from investigation made last fall, it was estimated there were upwards of 3.000 children under the legal age. whose proper places were in the school room, working in factories, workshops and stores in the city of Chicago. The purposes of the law were being' defeated and the growth of child Labor became so manifest that the factory inspectors and those interested in the welfare of the children began looking around for material for a new and better law. Representatives of many charitable organizations, labor unions and eleemosynary institutions began agitating the subject. The Federation of Women's Clubs in annual conference appointed an industrial committee, whose purpose was to consider the subject and endeavor to solve the prob- lem. The State factory inspectors in their annual reports for the last several years had requested and recommended that either the old law be strength- ened or a new one adopted. Public spirited citizens, the clergy and public press became interested. So great became the demand for the enactment of a better law to protect and safe-guard the young toiler that it was soon ap- parent to the close observer that there might be a conflict of bills. Several organizations had appointed committees to draft measures for presentation to the Legislature. To the end that the best results might be obtained, efforts were put forth to unite all interested parties and organizations upon one bill. These efforts resulted in the Child Saving League of Chicago holding a con- ference, to which w T ere invited representatives of the different bodies that had been considering child legislation. A committee was appointed to discuss the subject and to draft a bill which w r ould embody all the good features in the way of juvenile remedial legislation which had been adopted by other states, and if possible to present to the Forty-third General Assembly for consideration a measure which would lie faultless and if enacted fully control the problem. At the same time this same conference appointed a committee to draft a new Compulsory Education law\ realizing that any advancement along the line of child labor legislation would not be effective unless sup- ported and strengthened by approved compulsory education laws. After some general discussion by the entire conference, the following com- mittee of nine was named to prepare the child labor measure: Li I win G. Cooley, Superintendent of Schools of Chicago. II. H. Hart. President Child's Home and Aid Society. E. P. Bieknell. General Superintendent Chicago Bureau of Charities. Jane Addams. Head Resident Bull House. Harriet M. VandeVart, Chairman Industrial Committee. State Federation of Women's Clubs. Judge R. S. Tuthill. Juvenile Court. Cook County. George Thompson. Member of tlie Legislative Committee of the Federation of Labor. T. D. Hurley, President Visitation and Aid Society. W. L. Bodine. Ex-Officio Member. Superintendent of Compulsory Educa- tion, Chicago. Edgar T. Davies. Chief State Factory Inspector, was Chairman of the Com- mittee. The committee at the first meeting mapped out a plan of campaign and took as a basis for its consideration the bill prepared by the Industrial Committee of the State Federation of Women's Clubs, which measure was to a considerable 284 extenl amended and rewritten, : > j 1 • i after repeated meetings and consideration of much data which had been fathered a- the result of investigation, a draft was finally completed .which was presented to the entire Conference f«>i- its consideration. The committee's reporl was adopted, the draft accepted and a Lobbying < ommittee named. 'I'll.- measure was introduced in tin- blouse of the last Assembly by the Hon- orable Frederick I.. Davies, member from the Third District, ami was referred to the Commits n Labor and [ndustrial Affairs Its original number was Hi 1 : No. 174. Tin- Labor and industrial ( ommittee of the House, Hml- i 1 1 ^r 1 1 1 •< i r i consideration so much in tin- hill to amend ami alter, finally decided t«p report it back to the House for favorable consideration with tin- n mendation that it do pass in its amended form, ami when bo reported it was .i ' ommittee Kill, ami took its place upon tin- calendar as House Kill No It had somewhal of a Btormy career, oppositions arising from several str<'ii'_ r sources, but 1 shall have the righl to approve an aye and scl 1 certificate and shall have the same rights and powers as the superintendent of public schools to administer the oaths herein provided tor children attending parochial schools: Provided, further, thai uember of a school board or other person authorized ;^ aforesaid shall have the authority to approve such certificates for any child then in or aboul to enter his own establishment, or the employment of a firm or corporation of which he is a member, officer or employe. The person ap- proving these certificates shall have the authority to administer tl ;t;h p vi. lf designate ;i place (connected with offices, when practicable) when- certificates shall be issued and recorded, and to establish and maintain the necessary record- and clerical service for carrying out the provisions of this act. The manner in which ;i child procure- an age and school certificate is as follows: The boy or girl applies to the school it Las1 attended for a school certificate, which (school certificate) it take-, accompanied by one of it- parent-, to the superintendent of schools or to the one who ha- been assigned by him in writing to issue certificates. From this official the child obtain- an age and school certificate. The child surrenders the original or school certificate, which i- filed away by the superintendent. An age and school certificate can be issued by the proper authorized official, when a child presents satisfactory evidence that it is 14 year- of age or over, by either of the following proof-: A school certificate from the public or parochial school, a certificate of birth or baptism, or by the register oi birth with a town or city clerk, and in cases arising where this proof is not obtainable, the parent or guardian of the child shall make oath before the Juvenile or County Courl as to the age of such child, and the court may issue to such child an age certificate as sworn to, in which case the certificate issued by the courl maj be exchanged for an aye and school certificate by the official who issues aye and school certificates: Provided, thai in all cases the child can read at sight and write Legibly simple sentences (any Languaf The certificate of the principal of a public or parochial school -hall be prima faeU evidence as to the literacy or illiteracy of the child. Manufacturers have come to appreciate thai the inspector who enter- his establishments cme- not to persecute anyone, but to enforce the law, a law which the civilized countries of the world have declared to be jusl and neces -ary for the benefil of the up-growing generation. 'The child- place i- not in the factory. bu1 in school until a certain aye. that he or -he may appreciate the responsibility of the vocation thej may chosse for the rest of their natural live-. While the department ha- made an earnest ami strenuous endeavor to enforce this law. we have also directed much attention to bring- ing aboul some material reform, cooperating with the compulsory education departments and truanl officers throughout the entire State. 1 am of the opinion that the members of this meeting, representing the various charitable and eleemosynary organizations of the Mate, can he of greal assistance to the State Factory Inspector's departmenl in the enforcement of this new law. I would make an earnesl requesl to the delegates here assembled tor a con- ference, at which the question, -Mow i.e-t can we work together?" could be considered. There are violation- occurring dail] in the different Localities which never come under the inspector's eye. nor are they broughl to his an, nt i. m. The inspector and hi- deputies constantly come in touch with many needj ami worths cases calling lor aid and assistance from those chari- tably inclined. I believe thai much good to the public and aid to the needy w oulil resull from ■ •,. . iperal ion. 287 Mr. Cooley, Superintendent of Schools, city of Chicago, reports an increase in enrollment in the fifth and sixth grade of 3.800 children more this year than last, [n a recent published interview he accounts for this wonderful and unprecedented increase through the enforcement of the Child Labor and Compulsory education laws. Iii connection with the above paper Mr. Davies has furnished the following table: 2HH X /. - - - - = - - — EC < / - - - - - — 2 Number of empli hildren to ■ ',i ol chiidn Total numl i emplo) i- . Total Dumbi i ol children Total number of males over !<'■ years : - - : i - — ' ----- - ■ - i — - : i — r . ■ - .- 7.7.-..: r :\ - :; , - - — ■i z DO DO i -' — n* RQONCIinMMp* r? i~* — * _' - : I — r:* : : i - B I - - — r. r - C DJ 8 I — ■ - _ - -■ : , — — i;i.-t-"/::-:n; ■z i-.~c c ~ i » - — i - r . i — r. - : ' — :_:_-,-; - -- - _ - ~ _ Total number of females over 16 \ ears Total number ol imdrr 16 >■ -:ir- r t- co 00 C :..-i:^i-:i,:Mj;-;r. — — - i — s. ?■ K:i--r.r.:iKi:Ir ; — /- . - . - — r. se •- < - -r .-: e i ■ - ■ - _' — — ' — ' — ' — ' — ' DO — ' — f BO r-:i— »: — ;i;i— ? 1 1- r- r. - : i : i / - .-. / \r X — r Z — [ - 7 1 T. — . " — ;i- — t^-z 71 M QOOt-r-noc r ■ - r — — r - - :: s - — - .-.- — :ic— : i •- - i r > r . t- r i — — i s > r i Total numb* i under 16 years — -c — -c — M i-i-i--^i-:i-i--r: a r i — — : i r. — -r :- 1 :i 7\ — ;i m-:i Number ol ; inspected ■z DC . - DC c dc — r s DC DC — .-: z. i - £ -z z r — -<- *3C"9Slu :i — c : i : i — — rr~t 77 7 1 z: -~ — — -z 9 o5E cggg llilSllls 1 5 = ■ = £ ZzL7.7.> -i. r Effc -' — - - C-C X B - -as _ g £ ^ c S 289 cm — « i- 1- G — i- 1- - x x x ce i- o cc-OI « x x o x — x :r . e re x c; — » ce -r i- rei ~. — tn- re re x .- m -x — :i L< re -c ie ci 3". — rii- re re x ie ci x ' -*ci TO t-OJHiSHiei-«fKCi-«c-ocO Oi In ■ :-«^?i- r.?:t-i-?i::-* os re t- i © t-Ot"tc-fi-t — cm ei — -* — x ie -c NN ffl ~x~ef— "" — ef ie*o i-"— *x*— — — -co I i-T — re ei — ~i .- re i-i _^ en on .- ,_, t_ _,, rH-* •re r. ,- _ _ m Ot- CCC- ^* _ :i -r re - — -T — e ) »e - re - re go C2C- CD 1-1 CI X ~ eii-c of re _,, ,- -r- _ ^ - ,. _ - ^ •2 w» oi x ce x ~ •re - -" c*i — C-l X OOi-l OS 03 ie x -— t- 3. ie i- c: ci ire x re -c — o © xc*i — .e .e x x .e — . tc ei — — — x t- »re — EOnM N c: x cc i-J I cc"?f :HOhooo(Ooococco3'*00-*C .::i c — x 3-. -f x re x -ro M — X — — -r ~. ire — x ei x i-ei — ::r. :cnc eirero ce -r-eiceiteeireeirtx^ei — _ — 3. oc-ccg «re -it-.-, t-m -c . hii'*^ »re or I tre - ?. -L 2 ~ it X. □ to c - bX tvoCJ K -t :i«l they declared that sh.- was 18 years of ;iu r «-. and produ that such was thi - Our papers did not call for ge, Kut upon their representations we let her go home, and ive and they soon tired of her and wrote us asking if they could return her W< - . that as Bhe - ghteen y< ul«l not. SiK.n •■ ived a letter from them stat- _ that they had made a mistake and that Bhe was only 16 years old. L nder tl - in we prosecute the parents of the child? Mr Edgar T. Da vies: Cnder the new law we can prosecute the parent as well as the employer for violations. This - I - -. where ■ild works in violation of the law and with tin- knowledge of the parent, the parent is amenable under the first section of the penalty which reads: "Whoever, having under his control a child tin- ts such child to be employed in violation the pro - s of this shall be fined for each offense not 38 1 J5.G - more thai |2 • and shall stand committed until said fine and costs an- paid." For a parent to falsely testify to a child's age i> perjury, ami the guilty j»-r>on could and would be punished under the criminal code. It i- ,: v.-ry serious offense for a parent to be guilty of a violation of this act. Under the old law little dd be made, when combating false certificates. It is quite different under the new law. since all pj pers issued are issued in du- plicate, and therefore a record preserved. A Delegate: What are we going to do about poor children that are rk ? I)r. Bastings H. Bart: In cases where families are really depend- ent on the two or three dollars the child tiring home every week the community ought to and should pay the amount. Dr. Bastings II II tii I regret thai Archbishop .lames Quiglej i> una I ile to be present at this conference owing to important luisii I will read a letter explaining his absence: \l:< llia-imr - RESIDENCE, 623 NORTH STAT1 STREJ I . •III. \>.<>. Met. 19, I regi innol be present at thi- meeting <>f the Confer- e owing U pements. I h. >]>.-. however, that « »i i • fntnre occasion I shall hare the pleasure and profit <»f taking part in it- - r. I .... - " " : - -■ School and Mairrnal T-~ *-^--- - - : r=- :ri 7>_- - - s or child pla crrg soesetit - . - : - : * " - - . - - ~ a el * - . ------ - - - - -- - --.--. .- - - ylj.-er. t"-t— "In .^milT h . — t-~ ^"t :— ": : " - - - - - - - - supplies- the : - - - - ------- - - - - - " - - ~ - . - :-.-:.---- r — ■ : . r. _ : - - t. . r_ r .. * : ' " ~- - : a eertifteate' aBwaaHv. sabje - - - ------ ... __ _- have a eertiSe^" S » child shall hi - - - ■ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - — *tt for his aetaaa I further prori rtuse be required to eomv. - L-hiidren. or ability : or the same is S3 - - . --"- • 292 It is not only true th.it tin- courts have do authority td commit ehildren to an organization which has not the certificate of the State Board < >f Charities. init it appears t < » i»- true also that there is no law authorizing the surrender aildren i>\ their parents or guardians to any society or institution which n.it havi- such certificate. The Juvenile Court law provides (Sec. 15) that: "It shall be lawful for the parents, guardian or other person having the right td dispose nf a dependenl en- neglected child to enter into an a L ment with any association or institution Incorporated under any public or private law < ■ f this State for the purpose of aiding, caring for or placing in homes such children, and being approved as herein provided, for the surrender u-h child to Mich association or institution, to be taken and cared for by such association or institution or put into a family home." \- already stated this is tin- only law on our statute hooks providing for the surrender of ehildren to associations <>r institutions hy parents or guar- dians. In cases of habeas corpus the judges of our State have given very little weight to releases executed prior to the passage of the Juvenile Court law. The courts have uniformly ruled in such cases thai th> usideration which must govern the court is the welfare of the child, and they have determined that question on it^ merits, without much regard to the question whetherthe parents or guardians had executed a release or not. Under these circumstances it would appear that the only prudent course for the officers of the children's institutions and societies i> to apply to the- State Board of Public charities for examination and certification as provided by law. The Board of Public Charities has not been technical in acting upon such applications. The law is not intended to hamper hut to facilitate the work of legitimate and responsible organizations. The state Hoard of Public Chari- ties Investigates promptly and issues its Certificate without unnecessary delay. At the last advices, only five institutions held the certificate of the State Hoard of Public Charities, namely: The Baptist Orphanage, the Borne of the Good Shepherd at Peoria, tin- Illinois Manual Training School Farm at Clen- wood, ami the Illinois Children's Home ami Aid Society. Some institutions have hesitated to qualify under the act lest they should he restricted in some way in their work, hut there has been no disposition manifested hy the State Board of Public charities toward any such restriction. \mi \i>\n \i- in 1LAW8 1:1 I \ii\'. 1 1 i » l : I v Two important amendments were proposed in the Legislature of 1903: first "An \'t to regulate the surrender, placing and transfer of children." This act provided that: •No person or association engaged in the business oi caring for or placing in homes 'neglected, dependent, truant and delinquent' children shall place in any family home such child without tirst having ob- tained the written surrender or consent from its parents or sonic person having the- right to control t he custody of BUCh child, ii nli ss I In child has I 'i i n rf/mmitted in nuch person or association by a competent court." B c such legislation as this would appear to in- plainly required, for the reason that multitudes of children have been received and disposed of by va- rious organizations without tirst obtaining a proper title to the children, and often without sufficient regard cither for tin- feelings of the parents or for their natural obligation to care for their own children. The necessity for some such legislation is further apparent from the fact that many children have been placed in the homes of benevolent people who have lavished care and affection upon them and perhaps have taken out adoption papers, in the supposition that the child was legally theirs, iii some such cases the children have- been taken from their foster parents l>\ legal process. In other cases children have lost the Inheritance which their foster parents intended and expected them to receive, for the reason that other heirs have successfully contested their rights on the ground that tin- right and title of the parent had never i n properlj extinguished by legal process • olid proposed law was \n act to provide for the visitation of children in family homes. This act provided that it should he the duty of the State Board of Public < harities to appoint visitors to \isii children placed in homes hy institutions supported in whole or in part from public tunds. The act pro- vided that: "The state- Board of Public Charities may. in its discrel ion allow a child to In- visited by an agent of the association or institution hy which 298 the child may have been placed in a home, and may accept the report of such parent, provided that such visits shall be made in accordance with the rules established by said State Hoard of Public Charities, and shall have been re- ported on the blanks provided in this act." The proposed act further provided that the State Board of Public Charities should have authority to require the replacement of children found in un- suitable homes and in case such replacement was not made within reasona lilt- time to replace the child at the expense of the organization by which it may have been originally placed. This proposed legislation is along the line of legislation already in suc- cessful operation in Indiana. .Massachuetts and other stales. It is hased on the theory that all dependent children should be regarded as wards of the State and that it is the duty of the State to see to it that they receive suitable and adequate care. Neither one of these bills became a law. but it is the opinion of yo\ir com- mittee that legislation [along- this line is greatly needed in order to complete and perfect our system of earing for neglected and dependent children. THE TWENTIETH < KNTT KY PLAN OF CAEING FOB DEPENDENT CHILDBEN. For nearly 50 years an arg-ument was waged between the advocates of the institutional plan of bringing up children to the age of 15 or 16 or 18 years in an institution, and the placing-out plan of placing little children in family homes. The advocates of the institutional plan set forth the advantage of controll- ing the education and training of the child and being able to select compe- tent men and women to conduct such training. They pointed out the diffi- culty of securing suitable homes and suitable training" in them and the abuses that had often arisen under the plan of indenturing children to those who took them as a source of gain. The advocates of the placing-out system sel forth the admitted evils of •"institutionalism." which tends to make the child helpless and dependent, represses his individuality and destroys his initiative. They urged the economy of their plan, whereby an initial expenditure of $25.00 or $50.00 or §75. 00 sufficed to make permanent provision for the child. as against the expenditure of $200.00 or §500.00 or $1,000.00 for the board and care of the child during his childhood in an institution, in addition to the expenditure of millions for lands, buildings and equipments in institutions. Sometimes the discussions waxed warm. Institutions were condemmed in tuto, with epigrams as "better the worst home than the best institution." Child placing societies were denounced as reckless, irresponsible and heart- less machines, designed to get rid of children with the least possible trouble and expense. Through the National Conference of Charities and Correction and the various State conferences the representatives of the two sides of the controversy became better acquainted with each other and listened to each other's argu- ments. The institution people came to recognize the evils of institutionalism and the advantages of family homes for children. The child-placing people found it necessary to establish institutions for the temporary care of their children in order to prepare them to go into homes and also to recognize the necessity of institutional provision for the temporary care of children whose parents are in temporary distress. At the great meeting of the National Conference of Charities and Correc- tion at New York. 1898, it was evident that the controversy between the two wings of the child-saving movement was Hearing its conclusion. At the Cincinnati meeting in 1899 that controversy was finally (dosed and a common basis of mutual understanding- was reached in the noble report, written by Hon. Thomas M. Mulry of New York and signed by every member of the committee, in which it was declared: 'All workers agree that the home is the natural place to properly develop a child * * * Your committee, is emphatically of the opinion that the ounce of prevention is better than the pound of cure, and it strongly urges upon all charitable people the absolute necessity of preserving the home wherever possible :: ' If. instead of turn- ing over such families to relief societies or the public charge, charitable men 294 women would take a personal interest in such cases, and each would take under care such a family, I » « - 1 1 ► them materially, give them also "alms l advice 1 * * * giving them assistance in a way that will not degrade the beneficiary, much will have been done to advance the great question of i he care "f dependenl child i The committee emphasized "the good work accomplished l>y the institution in the past as well as the fact the institution has an important place t<> til! in the future on the disciplinary and educational lines and the care of those chil- dren who are prevented by circumstances from being placed in homes." The report took the ground thai many children now in institutions "might well be placed in good homes, provided the families were of the same re- ligious faith as the child," and thai "the earlier they are placed in such lies the better it is for the child, ;iv the motive which induces one to take ,i child nf tender years is apl to be more disinterested than when they are old enough to be utilized as help." The report concluded the discussi f the subject of placing children as follows: "There are homes in abundance throughout our cities, our towns, our farming sections for every orphan child, it" the people would but open their hearts and brighten their homes l>\ Btudying in what way they may show their love for their less fortunate fellow beings. 1 ' This report was signed by every member of the committee, and the com- mittee was, in exceedingly representative one. It consisted of Hon. Thomas M. Mulry, Presidenl of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul in the <-ir York, chairman; Prof. <■. \. Merrill, Superintendent of the state School for Dependenl Children at Owatonna, Minn.: Hastings II. Hart. LI.. I).. Superintendent of the Illinois Children's Home and Aiut arc todaj substantially agreed on the essential points as to the policy to be pursued in caring for neglected children. The repre sentatives of institutions now recognize freely and generously the value and importance of the work done by the children's aid societies and the children s home societies, and have themselves taken Bteps for the organization of such societies; notably, the representatives of Catholic institutions in New York and the representatives of Lutheran institutions in Wisconsin and Illinois. 'Mi the other hand, the child saving societies have withdrawn from the extreme ground which they formerly took in opposition to institutional care of children, and now freely admit the importance and necessity of institu- tional care for defective children as a permanenl measure and for dependent children as ,i temporary measure; and the societies avail themselves of the assistance of existing institutions for the car. of children whose needs the • es a re unable to meet This happj conclusion of the controversies of the past and this mutual • mint as to the policj to he pursued have opened up the way tor a new and highly important development which has already extended widely and whose ultimate outcome cannot yet lie predicted. 295 The representatives of the Roman Catholic institutions have been among the most ardent advocates of the institutional plan in the past and bave been among the most hesitant to adopt the placing <>ni system. They have fell thai the importance of controlling the religious training of the children was so great as to outweigh the disadvantages of institutionalism and the advan- tages of the placing out system: l>ut in recenl years they have turned in the direction of the new movement. For example, in the state of Minnesota. where the Catholic asylums are admirably organized, there has been practi cally no increase in the capacity of those institutions during the past ten or twelve years: but there has been a great increase in the number of children placed in family homes at an early aye. Hon. Thomas M. Mulry, who was the author of the report at the Cincinnati meeting of the National Conference of charities and Correction, already men- tioned, proved his faith by his works. lie took an active pari in the organi- zation of the Catholic Home Burean for Dependent Children, which was or- ganized toward the close of the year L898 and is carried on by the St. Vincent de Paul society in New York, of which Mr. Mulry is president. The real work of the society began March 1. L899. The society placed in family homes, in 1899, 47 children: in L900, 11:.': in 1901, 176 children; in 1902, 163, and in 1903, up to .Inly .'ilst. 224 children, making a total of 721 children placed in family homes in four years and a half. The results of this work thus far have been considered \i'vy encouraging by those who are carrying it on. and have been so satisfactory to the public authorities of the city of New York that they have appropriated $6,000.00 toward the expense of the work for the current year. The expense of the work of the current year is at the rate of 87. 200. 00. If all of the 721 children thus far placed had been kept in the Catholic protectory it would have cosl at the rate of about $7:.!. 000. 00 or ten times as much. The expense of this placing out work, however, will necessarily increase as the work goes on and children have to be replaced. 1II1-: ( HI 1. 1 1 LABOB LAW. The new Child Labor law went into effect July 1. 1903. The time since it went into effect has been too short to form any reliable judgmenl as to its workings. Your committee believes that on the whole the law is a good one and will produce good results. It is probable that some minor amendments will be necessary. Some serious hardship is wrought in the cast- of families which are dependent upon the labor of children under 1 t, owing to tin- death or disability of the bread winner, but it is believed that such hardships can lie relieved in other ways than by depriving the children of their school priv- i Leges. Mr. Edgar T. Davies, the Chief Factory Inspector, will enlighten us as to the practical workings of the law thus far. CONTINUOUS CAKE OF FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. Your committee is convinced that both the considerations of philanthropy and those of public economy call for immediate provision for all feeble minded girls above the age of 12 years in the State of Illinois. Statistics prove conclusively that these unfortunate girls, through their offspring, -.'.n- a most prolific source of danger and expense to the community. A very large proportion of these girls become mothers and most of the children borne l>\ them are either feeble-minded or of such weak moral fibre thai they inevit- ably swell the ranks of pauperism and vice. Moreover the presence of these girls in the community become a source of temptation and corruption to the hoys and young men with whom they come in contact. One Such girl through her offpring may easily become the source of $100,000 of expense to the State, when an expenditure of perhaps $1,000 will provide for her safely through the term of her own life. Your committee believes, therefore, that whatever else is left undone, the legislature of 1905 should follow the wise example of Massachusetts. New York, New Jersey, Indiana. Minnesota. Wisconsin and other states and pro vide custodial care for the young women of this class. •".If. Mil CAW "I I 111 I ri I' - Your committee is convinced thai the care of epiletics comes only second I.. tin- custodial care <>f the feeble-minded. The multitude <>f these unfortun- ate members of society, the sufferings which they experience for lack of suitable ;in >f Lasl year. Your committee v\ < >nl> i respectfully recommend thai the entire conference . be devoted to the discussion of children's work, especially the care for the feeble-minded and care for epileptics, and the effort be made to pul the Legislature in possession of the Facts with reference t<> these classes, we would respectfully suggest that the State Board of Public Charities be asked to make a thorough investigation into the condition of feeble-minded women and epileptics in the hospitals for the insane, the county almshouses and the private families of Illinois, particularly with reference to the ques- t ion of heredity. All of which is respectfully submitted. II a-i i\«.- II. Hart, TlMol ||Y |). Ill l;ll \. Mrs. <>. I.. Amk.ii. Upon motion of Dr. Bart, Hon. Greorge W. Curtiss of Stockton was elected acting presidenl of the Conference. The Chairman I take pleasure in introducing Mr. Curtiss, your acl inu r president. Hon. < reorge W. Curtiss Ladies and Gentlemen of the Conference I thank yon for this honor and will endeavor t<> do my best. In this endeavor ] hope you will assisl me. The Conference then adjourned until oexl morning al 9 KX) o'clock. i:\ ENING SESSK IN. Acting President- We will qow have the reporl of the committee on "Meril System in State [nstitutions." by the chairman, Mr. Edgar A. Bancroft. 297 right is as his need is — the best skill that advanced surgery can bring t<> his dire extremity. A retired physician, without experience in modern surgery, would not dare to he responsible tor tin' care of merely maimed bodies in ;t surgical ward: hut under the system of "politics" thai has not only domi- nated the management of these institutions for a decade and more, but has actually saturated all departments, this same country physician will gain through polities, and dare attempt the direction of an asylum containing a thousand insane. lie may he honest and faithful and kind, industrious and painstaking, hut he is not an expert, he is not an alienist: indeed he may DOl recognize the word, hut he is a good Republican or a good Democrat who has a good hacking — and no charges have ever been preferred against him. Half a century after the marvelous education of Laura Bridgeman, while the whole world is admiring and marveling- at the illumination both inward and outshining of Helen Kellar with no channel to the brain hut by the deli- cate sense of touch, the great State of Illinois can trust the education of its unfortunates, not any of them lacking hoth sight and hearing, all its deaf, all its dumb, all its blind, to directors and superintendents who sometimes are able and skilled, more often are only general practitioners, with hut the experience of country doctors. Now and again in party campaigns special flagrant and often unspeakable abuses and peculations are brought to light. Now and again instances of brutality, heartless neglect and hopeless incompetency are disclosed by inves- tigations or charged in the daily press: and we poor unthinking citizens of a great State that holds within its borders men and women whose special skill and knowledge in respect to the care and helping of the deficient and delin- quent have given them national reputations: we. who. in all that relates t< > our own interest, are wont to seek out the most expert and advanced special- ists, listen idly to these charges: and if. forsooth, we find them exaggerated or untrue, settle back with a comfortable feeling that all these institutions are properly managed. The true basis for protesting against the way these institutions are and long have been managed is not to be found in sporadic cases of utter incompetence, cruelty or neglect. It is to be found in the system under which the appointment of a really first rate man is exceptional if not accidental. A system under which a state charged with the care of 10,000 helpless and unfortunate makes itself and its wards the spoils of office. It does not do as you do. call the skilled, but employs the man who says he is skilled and brings as his credentials not so much the evidence of his standing in his profession or of his experience in business, but the record of his activity in behalf of the party or the faction. It is a system under which a trustee for the State and for these dependents of the State could brutally say that the first thing he did after he was appointed was to '•plumb in sixteen of his men.*" A state under which a superintendant or a matron excuses the uncleanness of a dining- room in one of our institutions by explaining that the attendant in charge is a son of one of the trustees. A state in which one governor appoints and removes trustees as their bank lends or refuses to lend large sums on security he offers. In which another appoints or removes trustees as they consent or refuse to be mere figureheads in appointments to the ser- vice in these asylums. But all experience teaches that under a had system for one glaring or flagrant abuse, there are a score of cases of partial and occasional neglect and inefficiency, and a constant tendency not only to in- efficiency, hut to abuses of the gravel- sort. The responsibility for this system is not upon the present administration nor upon the political party it represents. It is upon the people of the State of Illinois. Democrats and Republicans have seen the fruits of the spoils system presented over and over again, not only in our State institutions where such abuses cry to heaven with an appeal that cannot he silenced, hut in local government and in the other departments of county and State administration, where senti- ment is not aroused, but where sense is repeatedly shocked and indignant. The system we all know well. Its story is a familiar otic. It is simply a system of partiality, or influence, or pressure, of pull. We do not employ in our families, physician, surgeon or specalisf who makes the earliest or the most frequent applications for the job, or who brings the greatesl Dumber of recommendations frommenwhom he may have treated, hut not professionally; hut the State does. It is a system of importunity, persistence ami cunning. It 298 ib the system by which u man is appointed, nol because he is lit for bisdut bul because he desires the compensation. We know that the Bystem is as onrepublican as primogeniture or hereditary office. It is the aristocracy of the political ring or of social influence. What we need iii State institutions and throughout the 81 ve already have in national affairs is the democracy of equality. Tin- ranks open to all win. are tit to serve; with careers thai offer something beyond salary honor. Ami tin- re is no honor in a position that expresses nol the fitness of the holder imt the extent of hi-- political influence or the political influence of his friends. We know how. in national affairs, the greal army of office holders were perforce mail. • a part ot a greal political machine, and were < ipelled to make "volun- tary contributions" to the funds of the party. The same system has producer same results in Illinois. Nol recently, nol Bince January I. 1901, bul long before that and ever since that. And this matter of assessment is an index and a symptom of the entire condition. It" I held a position, whether the care of the blind, the insane or the feeble-minded which I oweto my own activity or the activity or influence of my friends with the leaders of a political party and I got it and I hold it on that basis, the executive committees of the parties are quite right in saying thai I should contribute to thesucces the party which gave me the job. And my contributi ught to be volun- tary, for I have hail "value received." If it is voluntary in any case, if I payments by attendants in the asylums, by these inspectors and helpers in the grain offices, by these employes and superintendents and guards in the penitentiaries, have been voluntary, as I doubl nol they have, it is because it is true ami they know it is trui- that thej are there not as the railroad man mi his train, not as the clerk or head oi the department in a greal store, not the manager or foreman of a greal factory, because of his special ability to do the work he is sel to do. ability thai equals month by month the pay received: but because he is there for another reason, and the relation betw the service he renders and the amount of his pay has never been considered excepl with a view of increasing their inequality. Does that make the \ant of the State self respecting? Does that keep him at the top of his ability and inspire him to activity in his work or activity in work outside for the party or the party boss? We know. The record is all one way. and the fault now ami henceforth is nol in these instruments and to a large extenl these victims of this vicious system, bul it is with the citizens of this State if they permit it longer to exist. Why should we discredil our own public service? Why should our public servants be discredited by the system under which thej enter it, remain in it and Beeh promotion. I'.ut they are. What excuse can he given for clinging to a system which even in the char- itable institutions does not insist on the besl farmer among all the applicants the farming work, the besl carpenter anion- .ill the applicants for carpen- ter work, the I. est store-keeper anion-' all the applicants tor st orc-keepinef. ami the besl mechanic among all the applicants tor mechanical employment? Why set the carpenter over farmers, and the store keeper over the carpenters. ami the farmer over the mechanics, as can happen ami does happen under the spoils system. Of course more often the man who c-cts the besl place in these departments is neither skilled farmer, skilled carpenter, skilled store- keeper or skilled mechanic. Bul only ;i skilled local patriot, l am no? criti- cising him. tin- appointee, nor him the appointer. I am denouncing the Bystem which betrays and injures both, and more than that, waste- the funds ot the State, if it does not waste the lives of its wards. In the actual management of these institutions the purpose and spirit is of course ol the firsl importance, just as a mans principals and ideals deter- mine and secure the uprightness of his conduct. The merit system in the hands of spoilsmen may not produce great improvement, but the double advantage of the merit system is that it stands on the statute hooks, and in the machinery for it^ enforcement as a constant declaration to all the people of the Mate of the principle upon which t hose i nst it ut ions should be carried on. Deviations from thus,- principles are more noticeable because they are .-on detuned l>y the law of the common w ea 1 1 h . Not only so. lull when the merit system is established by law a Governor of this state would not risk- the tempt "f the whole | pie by placing such a law in charge "f any but its 299 tried friends. And those friends of the merit system — the democracy of a free and equal chance l<> all in the State service set the standard and hold appointments to the standard. And at the same time they inspire the besl service to become more efficient for the honor of the service of which thej are a part. The remedy is a State civil service law. covering not only these institutions. but the entire service of the State. (Mr. Wallace Heckman, representative of the Illinois Civil Service Reform Association of Chicago, addressed the conference on the above subject, but we were unable to abtain a copy of his remarks. I Mr. Bancroft: — Hon. James H. Wilkerson will now address you on "Civil Service in the Legislature." Civii. Service in the Legislature. (By Hon. James H. Wilkerson, of Chicago, Member 43rd General Assembly ami County At- torney of Cook County, i There are two well known facts with reference to civil service and the Legislature. One is that we failed to secure any substantial results at the hands of the last Legislature. The other is that we hope and expect to secure those results at the hands of the next Leg-islature. By trying to learn the reason for the failure at the last session we may do something toward achieving success at the next session. The failure to secure the enactment of a State civil service law at Spring- field last w r inter is not to be charged to the character of the men who com- posed the last Legislature. 1 know that in certain circles it has become the fashion to sneer at legislatures in general and at our own in particular. In those circles it has become a conclusive presumption that its members are thieves and boodlers. and that "graft" is always and everywhere the dom- inant motive. I would not be understood as underestimating the value of legitimate criticism: but legitimate criticism is calm, unprejudiced criticism. It is not the criticism of those who are willing to sacrifice the credit of their party or the reputation of their State to petty malice or factional hate. It is not the criticism of those whose recommendation for honesty and ability is made de- pendent upon allegiance to a certain faction or loyalty to a particular candi- date. It is not the criticism which wears the mask of piety and the public good to cover up selfish ambition or personal hatred. It is the criticism which, while it points out the evil, is willing to concede the good. It is the critic-ism which states all the facts and which, without fear or favor, gives credit where credit is due. It is the criticism which hews to the line, let the chips fly where they will. I cannot profess to speak as a disinterested critic. I can only give my testimony for what it is worth. And the testimony is that judged by stand- ards of honesty and ability, the men who made up the Forty-third General Assembly of Illinois compared favorably with any similar body of men in the United States. There were men there — not two or three, but a score or more — who could fill with distinction any legislative position in the world. A large majority of them were men who brought their best thoughl to every question presented for their consideration ami who tried to act in accordance with the dictates of their conscience and their judgment. And when any man, 1 care not who he may be. heaps general abuse upon the Illinois legislature or tries to cast general discredit upon its members, 1 tell him that either he is ignorant or that. by willful misrepresentation he is trying to serve his own selfish political ends or those of some political master. The work done by the last legislature would be proof of this assertion, if you did not know the men. I need only to refer to such important general acts as the convict labor law. the mechanics' lien law. the amendments t<> the election laws: and to the acts particularly applicable to Chicago and Cook county — the amendment to the Torens law. the law for the enlargement of nitary district of Chicago, the ad authorizing the municipal ownership of street railways, and the new charter amendment, which if ratified by the people will make possible a system of 1< »«-m I government adapted to the pre- —••lit Deeds of a great city. The fact thai State civil service was the one conspicuous exception to the genera] rule with reference to important remedial Legislation sought from the last genera] assembly makes it necessary to attribute it* failure to something else than lack of ability or honesty on the pari of the members of the legis- lal in-,-. Nor can it with justice be attributed entirely t" any fault or wrong on the j »:i it <>f the presiding officer or the organization of either bouse. I know, perhaps as well as anyone, thai upon ;i roll call as required by the constitution, the amendmenl requiring the law t » > be submitted to a rote ol the people and t" receive a majority of all of the rotes cast at the election thereby counting againsl it the rotes of all of those who < 1 i « 1 not take inter- est enough to vote on either side would have been defeated. For there were some who, while afraid to go on record, were willing to run to the cover of a rising rote. Hut I am convinced, tor reasons which I shall point out pres- ently, that in the long run this made little difference ami that, for reasons more fundamental than any matter of pa rli meiit ary procedure, there could have been no reallj effective civil service legislation at the last session. I have no intention to justify the use of the gavel for the purpose of over riding the will of the majority or of preventing the placing of members on record. I believe that tin' secti >f the constitution which provides that upon the demand of two members of the Senate and five members of the Bouse, the yeas and nays shall he taken and entered upon the journal should be adhered to in the spirit in which it was intended by the framers of the constitution. I know that in every legislative body, to the obstructitnist who would misuse the constitution to block the wheels of legislation and to the pestiferous nuisance who loves nothing so well as the sound of his own voice, in the interest df the dispatch of business, the cy.- of the presiding officer must, now and then, he blind and his car deaf. But upoi matter where there is an honest contesl and where the constitutional right has been fairly invoked should the fall of the gavel he made to take the place of the record contemplated by the constitution. That it has been done in the past, that there is Long established precedent for it. is no justification. Because other speakers in the past have abused t heir power greatly is no reason why a speaker todav should ah use his power at all. The time has come in this Mate w hell the met hods of fifty years ago should give place to modern methods and when the Legislature should be managed, a political caucus, hut as .1 business body organized to transact the business of a greal Mate. I believe that do better thing could in- done in the interest of civil service reform ami of all meritorious Legislation in fact, than to have applied to the organization ot the Legislature and to its proceedings some of tin' principles of civil service. Organization upoi n-partisan lines is. of course, imprac ticable. The people in the Mate and in the nation have come, rightly or wrongly, to look upon government through political parties as an established Institution. Rightly or wrongly they have come to believe that one of the greal political parties can be depended upon more safely in tin- lone- run than some ephemeral self, stituted league or association. If tor no other reason. tin- relation of the State to the national gorernmenl is such, the questions with which they have to deal so overlaps thai the organization of the Legisla- ture would Inevitably drift back to party Lines. Particularly is this true ot the great questions of the immediate future those centering around the or- ganization and control of the lern corporation, where to carry Into effeel olicy, national and state governments musl co-operate. Bui within the limits of part ■, organization there is room lor wide improvement. The com mittees should be appointed promptly. They should be made up on the basis ot experience ami ability a ion.-. When the caucus u over, all fad ional strife should he forgotten; ami men should he placed where they can render the most efficient service to the Mate. It is absurd that the business of the leg 801 islature should be tied up for weeks or months while the nagging and dick- ering about places on committees is going on. The calendar should i>e cleared from day to day as far as possible. It is almost idiotic that the house should for weeks meet for a few moments each day and that all the business should be crowded into a few days at the close of the session, when it is absolutely impossible to secure for good legislation the attention which it should have and out of the question to detect bad legislation which is smuggled through in some attractive form or on some plausible pretext. I hope that the day is not far distant when our legislature will be organized on a business basis, when presiding- officers will be content to preside and when the services of efficient men will be utilized to the limit, no matter with what faction or what party they happen to be affiliated. I said a little while ago that the failure of civil service legislation was due neither to lack of ability and integrity on the part of the legislature, nor to the methods of those in control of the organization. Some of the ablest and most conscientious men in the legislature were opposed to it. The real reason for the failure was because members were not made to fee] that the sentiments of their constituents demanded civil service legislation. There were a number of able, earnest members who declared that the senti- ment of their constituents was against such legislation. It will be remembered that a large number of those working for State civil service were from Chicag-o. The question has been discussed so thoroughly with us that there can be no doubt what the sentiment of the people is. But outside of Cook county the conditions are different; and the one great handi- cap in the fight for the State civil service w r as the lack of a strong, aggressive public sentiment in its favor throughout the State. The agitation of the last session has done much toward strengthening that sentiment. If the work of education and agitation is kept up during the next year, we can go before the legislature with much better chances of success. There are some defeats which are better than victories. I am convinced that the failure of civil service at the last session was one of those defeats. The law, if it had passed, would have been so amended that it might have proved inefficient and the cause of the civil service reform might have been stranded for a decade. I believe that the prospects for civil service legislation at the next session are bright. Public sentiment has awakened. The people are demanding that business methods be applied to our public institutions. Our law makers will respond to the demand: and before we realize it the merit system will be an established fact in Illinois. Mr. Bancroft — Dr. V. H. Podstata, Superintendent of the Cook County Insane Hospital and Poor House, will now read a paper prepared by him entitled "Practical Civil Service in Institutional Work." Pkacticai. Civil Sekvice In Institutional Work. (By Dr. V. H. Podstata, Superintendent of the Cook County Insane Hospital and Poor House, Dunning.) I fear that some members of my kind audience smiled an incrediilous smile when they read in the program that some one from Dunning- is to talk upon institutional work and merit system. Possibly some even shrugged their shoulders and a few might possibly have uttered what the rest retained in their mind — "As though anything- good could ever come from Dunning."' Hut one can't always tell. Long time ago nasty things were thought and said even about Nazareth. And while it certainly would not do to attempt any compari sons, I feel that I should at least exclaim: "Please wait with your judgments'. It may be years yet. but Dunning with all the dark pages in its history, may some day lead the race for better things.'' I know we are still weak. I know and deny not that we abound in defici- encies. Yet for these very reasons Dunning- may he an exceedingly good lesson to us all. It may be true that Dunning had opened its eyes only dur- 302 ing the past two to actually sec what is being done elsewhere. Ii maj be true that only during the comparatively recent time Dunning could bear 1 1 ■ *- Btiflcd pleading of it > inmates for more air. The loud cries to heaven for a trained gentle band <»f a nurse to soothe the poor Buffering brains and tear away the harsh restrainl and cruelty "f prison were only listened to tor ;i year or so and that it only lately learned thai the insane are sick people. not damned, bul doubly unfortunate. All that may be true, ami y«-t we arc alive. We move on. Move on with all the burdens heaped upon us. They an- tin- burdens "f years. Burdens inflicted partly by ignorance, partly by vicious disregard seeking its own. Km what about your civil service, yon will ask me; yon have had it for eight years pasl and yet yon Bpeak "t darkness ami misery? Tin- answer to such a pert incut question I shall leave for Mr. Bull. He had previously helped me out in several troublesome situations. Besides, I seri- ously accuse him of knowing a great deal about the secrets of the previous civil m'h ice at 1 binning. 1 only desire to assure you thai the civil service was not civil service. It may have had the wool of the Lamb on the outside, l>ut the t * -* -t 1 1 decidedly ed to a qi >t her creal ure. Dunning has had genuine civil service with the honest, unselfish and determined backing from the president of the board cf commissioners, who directly enforces the law of meril in the various details since that time the working of the civil service is open to inspection and is not subject to just criticism. But, please do not blame it Eor thai fact, that Dunning has no training school, thai the patients have had jusl three amusements provided • lH-in during the last two years and because they were and to some extent still are treated more as prisoners than sick people. The mistakes and sins of many years cannol be corrected in one sweep. A prison guard of many years can no1 be transformed into a gentle, trained nurse even in one year or more. Yet. can there he any question as to wholesome effect of genuine civil ser- vice upon the life al Dunning? 1 think not. It is only necessary to look a roil ml. While mosl of our employes are so-called hold-overs, some of the new blood has already produced distinct effecl for the better. The reliance upon pull is practically eliminated, and I will say with a feeling of deep gratitude thai I have practically none of the distressing influences from political sources '■ i fighl againsl . The appointments for any position, excepl thai of the head of departments is a matter of examination, anil the public as well as the poor unfortunate- are under deep obligations to the present Civil Service Commission ami the appointing power. And yel we are only in the ver\ beginning of things. The interesl of the public ha- onlj begun and the noble, self-sacrificing men and women who have given their eery heart and soul to the betterment of the lot ot their most unfortunate brothers and sisters those are still com- paratively few. liut Chicago is awakening and the citizens follow closely the modern lantern Beeking the just and even more the unjust within the city hall and elsewhere. And thai is only a beginning, they say. Now. as to the practical merit system in general. I •<> we need a merit sys- tem in our State? Let me answer bj asking another question. Suppose your father, or mother, or child, lay there before you with a congested, delirious brain, be- tween life and death, would you employ to save them a physician because he controls the delegates of an entire county'.' Would you send in to nurse them the individual who can shout the loudest in the primaries? Or would you seek to ascertain who ami where is the physician and the nurse who know best how to restore the Buffering ones to former health, or at least protect them and mitigate their Buffering? God knows, and so do yon know, the answer. There is but one. All the more lucausc the insane State charges arc poor, all the more because they an- for the most part bereft of reason and absolutely prevented from making their own choice the State, the people of this State, that so freely open their hands in charit\ they should see In it that the best possible 18 done for those depending upon them. The duty of the citizen is not yet done when he turn- over his money in taxes to tin- collector, lie has then performed only 303 half of what he should do. It is his duty to set' to it that for the monej the best possible results are obtained and that it is nut used in payment of polit- ical debts. When tins truth is not only known, hut thoroughly realized and acted upon, then you will have a civil service, a merit system in your charitable in- stitutions. You will have it not because it is absolutely fault less, not because under it men are made angels at once, but because it is the best system of service we know of at present, .lust what form your merit system will as- sume is of comparatively little importance as Long as the spirit pervading is that of recognition of merit and merit alone. If. however. I am permitted to present some suggestions of possible value. I shall bring before you what from my experience 1 consider important char- acteristics of a practical civil service law. 1. Civil service should be absolutely open and public. 'The records should he clear, easily accessible to anyone entitled and desiring to obtain informa- tion. To even a greater extent should this be true of all examinations. The announcement should be published as to actually reach the public, and in that way enable those who desire to apply for positions to become acquainted with it. It should be published in papers that are widely read and in a manner which should make the announcement quite conspicuous. The examination itself should be conducted, wherever practicable, by special examining boards consisting of persons who are especially acquainted with the requirements of service in that particular line and whose name would be an absolute guar- antee of the examination being- made purely on the basis of merit. The same open way should prevail during all investigations. It is true that compara- tively few reporters can entirely avoid the desire to secure striking and prominent headlines for their reports. In other words, the news, in their opinion, in order to be acceptable, should contain something of a sensational nature. But from my many and various experiences with the public press, and I am referring now especially to the Chicago press. I can say that there is an honest and in my opinion veiw successful effort being made to actually serve the public by bringing before it everything - requiring notice, especially every wrong-doing on the part of a public official. I can personally testify to the fact that in a number of instances very dis- agreeable and sensational stories regarding Dunning reached several of the daily papers of Chicago, but were not printed simply because I was given a fair chance to investigate the matter and in that way ascertain the actual truth. I am quite certain that no public official, especially not one representing the civil service, needs to act otherwise than in a perfectly frank and open way towards the representative of our press. On the other hand, the pub- licity of all cases of wrongdoing of serious nature is an additional and in my opinion necessary, effective measure and adds greatly to the punishment of crime. Light of this kind has the same effect upon dishonesty, incompetency and crime as the glorious sunlight has upon the greatest physical enemy of mankind, the germ of tuberculosis'. It quickly kills the evil. 2. The civil service should be prompt in all its dealings. A complaint ad- dressed to the commission should receive immediate attention, and the re- quest for investigation presented by responsible parties should also arouse immediate activity. The same shoidd be true in every case where charges are presented by the head of an institution against an employe. There is nothing worse than long, lingering silence and inactivity in cases of that sort. The discipline of every institution requires promptitude. 3. Civil service regulations must necessarily include every servant of the State, but in my opinion special attention should be paid to the heads of de- partments, (live the executive considerable power, but make him strictly re- sponsible for everything he does. I mean by this, enable every employe who has in his opinion suffered by the rulings of the executive, to secure an early hearing and if advisable, investigation of the complaint made. I am certain that by paying more attention to the heads of departments rather than trying to directly influence every detail regarding employes in the lower classes the true civil service can be better maintained. 4. The civil service should so grade the service as to make as few classes as practicable and correspondingly as few heads of the various sub-depart- nnnt- as possible. I n bo far as practicable i In- rules should be so arranged as t.i aever leave two officials oi exactly the same power and yet with duties not thoroughly well defined. The grading of the subordinates should ;iK<> be thoroughly and rerj closely, bu1 so arranged as t<> be flexible and within the province of tin- executive to manage. I must confess thai I am absolutely opposed to anything Like ;i schedule or grading of wages according to length "f service. Thai ifl certainly nol a system of merit, therefore should qoI be made a pari of civil service system. I am quite certain that even everj business man will agree with me when 1 Bay thai many a man will be more efficient after a month of service than others in a year or probably ever. <»n the other hand, it is not just, nor is it practicable or even possible to exclude all wh<> an- bo1 perfect ideals in a certain line of duty. Everyone who has been in charge of a Large public institution will granl me thai the help needed there does nol require the absolutely ideal highesl efficiency in every position. There are many places of minor importance which can be success fully tilled by the less efficient employe. As Long, however, as the Buccess ol one unquestionably acts as a stimulus to others, as Long also as better finan- cial remuneration stimulates human kind to better achievement-. 1 feel that .!..-•■ grading of service is an absolute necessity. I am not speaking now of any other subject than the care of the | r unfortunate placed within our charitable institutions. I am simply anxious to help establish the very best of service for those who cannot make their own selections, and God knows they need it badly enough. .".. The civil service should not make the heads of institutions mere figure- heads without power. As I have already mentioned in my third suggestion. the heads of departments should receive more careful attention at the hands of the • ivil Service Commission than the subordinates, hut in my opinion they should also be given sufficient power to ( unand the respect and enforce the discipline of that element, which unfortunately still exists on earth and is likely to continue to exist more or less in all public institutions. 1 mean the I pie who know no interests but their own and whose height of ambition is to get as much out of the state as it is possible to gel without becoming im- plicated with the criminal law. Anyone reading the civil service regulations as they exist in most places will think thai they arc strict and that it is im- possible to overstep the boundary of pighl conduct and genuine efficiency without immediately receiving the strict punishment of the civil service rules, i beg to assure my audience, however, that the reality is not quite like the theory. Tin-re are a greal many petty things, all kinds of mischief and very many ways of showing insubordination and arousing a hostile spirit towards the administration, as well as many fine points,.) difference in the efficiency in service among the employ* s which the executive is sufficiently and often painfully conscious of , hut which are quite beyond his power to corred if he is obliged always to presenl only the most tangible and striking evidence in order to secure even a eery moderate punishment for the guilty one. In my opinion t hen- i- qo need of giving the executive the privilege of absolutely dis- charging an employe without giving any reasons for doing so. Heshonld. now- ever, have the privilege toinflicl Long suspensions and to degrade an employ^ within a certain limit and do so at once without lirst consulting the Civil Service Commission, hut of course at his own peril. The privilege should also always be granted the superintendent to .-all for special investigation and extensive Inquiry In any case where he can present nothing more than what he considers strong suspicion. In such eases it should become the duty of the < ivil Service Commission toad in a similar waj as a grand jury would. assist in making a thorough inquiry and establishing the truth if it is possi them to iin so. In my opinion a will kept role of efficiency would materially assist in Buch investigations. At any rate it should he the duty of tin- Civil Service < ommission in all serious eases to make an earnest effort to secure evidence aside from that furnished bj the two parties directly con cerned. \u..th. r necessity in my opinion is the long period of probation for each new employe. • '«. I desire to call especial attention to the ruling of the civil service in cases of incompetency. Again, it is t. very easy matter to theoretically de- fine compel, n. , in service. Practically, however, there arc many and almost 305 insurmountable obstacles to such a procedure. In the first place, the duties of the different employes vary to such a great extent as to make it practically impossible for one small Board of Civil Service Commissioners to correctly ana in detail understand the duties of each. For instance, I deem it impossible for any. even the most intelligent and honest business man. to determine the competency or incompetency of a nurse, a physician or an engineer. We all, of course, can see the major faults, but when it comes to the finer faults and deficiencies which are frequently essential, simply because more constantly re- curring than the rare striking blunders, itrequires the knowledge and close in- vestigation of one thoroughly acquainted with the situation to render a just verdict. In my opinion in most of the places where civil service rules prevail this matter is given little attention, too little to prevent the frequent com- plaint that civil service is as good a protector to the unjust as it is to the just. 7. In my opinion, civil service just as it increases the demand for besl ser- vice and best training', should directly lead to better recognition of genuinely good service rendered. Increased efficiency, both theoretical in the training school and practical in the wards, should be promptly rewarded in a financial way. and better chances given for promotion. Trained and honest attendants and nurses can hardly he paid enough: the willing but untrained deserve fair wages. l>ut to them the training- given should constitute the major part of a reward. Those unwilling to receive training should have no place in our hos- pitals since that very fact proves them to be out of place. The salaries paid at present to trained and efficient nurses in our State institutions are entirely too small, although they compare fairly well with the scale of wages in most institutions of the middle west. From my point of view, a decided distinction should be made between a nurse and an attendant, and both are equally needed. The nurse needs good preliminary education in order to be able to obtain the theoretical knowledge of disease, drugs and methods of treatment as well as of surgery absolutely necessary for a nurse. An attendant needs chiefly a kind heart, honest de- sire to serve and not to boss the patients entrusted to his care, and at least enough education and intelligence to understand the elements of correct care of patients. He must understand, above all things, that even his biggest and meanest patient is in reality but a poor, very sick man. dim USSION. Mr. Follett W. Hull. Secretary Illinois Civil Service Association. Chicago— The advocates of the adoption of a merit law have the endorsement for the system of men well known in the management of charitable institutions. Dr. Richard Dewey, who was for 14 years the head of the Kankakee asylum at the time when that asylum reached its highest point of efficiency and attained its great reputation, has publicly urged the passag-e of a State merit law. In a communication to the Illinois Civil Service Association last winter he stated: "In the years during which a policy of personal and political self-seeking has had sw 7 ay over the public institutions of Illinois and the supposed servants of the people have been serving their own ends rather than the public good, an influence has been gathering force which makes for righteousness. The un- faithful stewards have been placed in power by the people, and it is the peo- ple who are primarily responsible for unworthy men or measures, and who must correct the evil, but before they can do so they must see what the evil is and the object lessons which are brought to their attention by abuses in the civil administration will open their eyes to the mischief of partisan con- trol in institutions which are established to render service to the entire com- munity rather than to any individual or party. "The alleged servants of the people have been doing evil that good may come." The good to come was not the good dreamed of in their philosophy, and the evil they feared (loss of power and pelf) will doultless overtake them. but in the end will prove a blessing in disguise. "Human nature is weak and selfish: it is also good and generous and strong for the right when enlightened by the truth. A law establishing the merit —20 BC 306 • m and opening the service of the State i" - 1 1 " "n equal terms of fitnee iilv to I"- desired in Illinois, if it- institutions are to be placed on a plane immensurate with the intelligence and worth of the people.* 1 l>r. Dewey. But in Dr. Dewey's time the merit principle only ex- d by hi- efforts and he never had any practical experience with a compul- civil service law. Therefore the endorsement given by l>r. Podstal to my mind strong evidence of the value of the system, and y<-t Dr. Potstata is laboring under difficulties of which you can hardly conceive. It was my pleasure to visit the Dunning institution nol Long ago in com- pany with a Dumber of citizens of < hicago, and among them three of the best known physicians of our State, I heard Di Dr. Murphy and Dr. Patrick speak of the work and efforts of and the difficulties confronting Dr. Podstata. I have never heard members of a prof ession speak as highly of any man in the same profession as I heard the three gentlemen above named ik <>f Dr. Podstata. About ten years' service in institutional work, seven • if which he put in at Kankakee, where he entered as interne without salary and rose t<> the position of acting chief of staff, certainly entitles his view- t . . i weight in the consideration of this matter. But to realize his es relation to practical civil service it is necessrry to give the reasons for the passage of the civil service act applying to the Dunning institution and to tell of the practical enforcement of it during the first few years of its exist- ence. The law was passed in 1895 at the request of the then president of the county board who was of the same political faith as the Legislature which passed the measure. He was a power at that time in local politics. It had been custo- mary for each county commissioner to appoint a certain number of employes for the Dunning Institution and the Cook county hospital. This preside] I the county board saw the possibilities of having the appointments placed in his hands, and therefore secured the passage of an act which in itself is good as far a- it goes. Immediately after his appointment, however, Cook County • ivil Service Commissioners were appointed who made absolutely no effort to enforce the law. No examinations were held, the method of appointment being to send an applicant endorsed by the proper parties to the complacent commission. Without examination they furnished the applicant with ready made marks ami excel lent passed Certificates, and sent them to prey upon the in- mates of the Dunning institution. This continued for a number of years and finally culminated in the criminal conviction of the commissioners for a vio- lation of the act and their own rules. This conviction forced them out of office, and then for the tirst time an honest commission was appointed and an honest effort made to carry out the provisions of the act. This condition of affaire accounts for the fact that the majority of the employes under Dr. Pod- stata are there as a result of examinations which were so dishonest that the commission conducting t hem was criminally convicted for its part in the mat- ter. You may ask why the advocates of civil service permitted such a state of affairs. The answer is this: The Dunning institution at that time, con- sidering the control and management of it. could not have been made decent with tin- hii/hesi grade of employes without a complete change in the management. I know personally that when a protest was made to the then h per cent assessment which is taken out of their wages. That the statement of the paper is true. 1 am un- able to state, hut I am unable to state from my own knowledge that this.', per cent assessment was regularly made in all State institutions prior to the time of the Kankakee investigation a year ago last summer. Hundredsof thousands of dollars were thus raised for political purposes which the State was supposed to be spending for the care of its unfortunates. The practice was stopped, temporarily at least, by public order of the g-overnor. hut is hound to be renewed unless prohibited by a civil service law. I am also able to state from my own knowledge that political appointments were the rule in State institutions and the exceptions to this method of appointment so few as only to prove the rule. Permit me to state, however, that no one man or set of men. or no party ol- faction of a party was responsible for this condition of affairs, It is a vicious system which was unknown to the State of Illinois twelve or thirteen years ago. hut which has grown to such an alarming extent that those familiar with the details were horrified. The system, and not individuals, should bear the blame, and the system and not individuals should be attacked by us. 'We should abolish the system, and there is hut one remedy found and that is the passage of a well considered State merit act. As Dr. Podstata says in his pa- per, it may not be the best remedy, hut certainly it is the best known remedy at the present time. In the Chicago civil service we have in operation one of the best civil service laws ever passed. It has not been entirely successful, but has worked a won- derful improvement. When not giving satisfactory results the fault is to be found with the enforcement of that law which encountered the same difficult- ies as the county law. By means of dishonest examinations, dishonest politi- cal heelers were put into a number of offices. The people were aroused quick- er, and the practice stopped earlier and the damage done was much less than at Dunning. We have had at least four years of honest administration of the civil service laws in Chicago. Much has been said lately in the public press of ■grafting" in the civil service of Chicago, but the records will show that more of it has been done by those that are outside of the civil service than those who are covered by it. and of those who are covered by it will he found that the majority of offenders are those who secured their positions through dishonest methods. We know that the cost of collection of water taxes in the city of Chicago prior to the passag'e of the civil service act was about L5 per cent of the gross amount collected, and we know that since the act went into effect and has been properly administered that the cost has been decreased to about seven per cent. There is about fifteen million dollars collected annual- ly, which gives some idea of the saving in money. We know also that in the water pipe extension department the head of that department was for several years a violent opponent of the civil service system, although he was himself a civil service appointee. However the manner of his appointment would hardly bear investigation. Nevertheless I know that within the last month that man called in one of the city civil Service Commissioners and showed him figaires by which thirty thousand dollars a month was saved to the city. He acknowledged his conversion anil admitted the saving was all traceable to the efficient operation of the city civil service law. Dr. Podstata in his paper has made some suggestions regarding; the method • >t handling and enforcing a civil service law with practically all <»f which I ee most heartily. On the contrary, I ut- the city law as existing in Chicago can be unproved upon, although its enforcement may. I believe that a similar law adapted to the State institu- - is the best thai can be passed. I believe that either bill presented n> the last legislature would have improved the service immeasurably. I have ii<> sympathy with the legislators who favor civil service but favor their own particular measure and vote for i ther. Until yon can convince them thai they should vote tor a law which is theoretically good, and unite apon one prepared by people familiar with the work and with the institutions you will no1 meet with success in securing such a law. With an aroused public senti- menl we can succeed ami withoul such demand we must fail. I h«ip t - ami tru^t that the expression of the people will be heard in support ■ if those advocating the passage of a well considered act at the next legisla- ture. Such endorsement need ool necessarily be in support of my pel incl- ine .ii- my friend's pel measure, hut must he in support of seme measure upon n we all can agree, as we did agree at the last session. The Conference adjourned until the following morning. Second I >\\ . Wednesday, October n. 1903. The Conference was called t<> order by George W. ("nniss. o\ Stockton, Acting President. I I <>n motion of a delegate, the Chairman was instructed to appoinl three committees, each consisting of three members, on Resolutions, ' Irganizatiorj and Time and Place of Nexl Meeting. 'I' In- Chair appointed tin 1 committees ;is follows: (in Resolutions Ernest 1'. Bicknell, Chicago; John A. Brown, Decatur; ami \1 is. ( tphelia I.. Amigh, i reneva. On Organization John J. Sloan, Chicago; J. J. McManaman, Chicago, and Mrs. Bmma W Kiefer. Peoria. ",/ Tiim mill I'lm, oj Next Meeting Col. Benry Davis, Springfield; Walter 1.. 1 osper, Peoria, and Miss Mary P. Roberts, Jacksonville. The Secretary read a communication from Rockford, 111., and a copy ■ f a resolution passed bj the citj council, inviting the conference to meet in thai city in-xt year. They were both referred to the Commit- tee on t i 1 1 1 < - and place i >f aexl meel ing. Copies of the communication and resolution are as follows: t/ -. Emma \V. Kief . Secretary StaU Confcrena o) Charities: l»i m: Madam Will yon pleas,- extend an invitation to the Illinois State Conference of Charities to hold its next annual meeting in Rockford? We • an assure the Conference oi a hearty welcome and of the sincere interest of Rockford citizens in its work. We earnestly hope thai it may be deemed hest cepl our invitation and thai the I onference maj come here nexl year. Very ospect fully yours, < ii \s. E. -i \' ksox. Mayor. Julia II . (Julliver, President Rockford < '"/'< g< , Mas. lh\i:\ \. Starr, Pres. Ladles' Aid Sot I' \ \ Lewis, Superintendent Hiunam Society. \\ mi Tawott, Secy. Rockford Hospital Assn. October 12 190 ■. i 1 1 1 Council Rooms, Cm <>i Rockford, ( let. .her 12, 1903. i : . \ Iderma □ A ndersi »n: ^ ui i:i \-. it is understood thai an Invitation has been extended by certain Rockford citizens n< the Mate Conference of » harities to hold its annual sea sion in l'.'iii in this ,-itv: therefore be it 309 Resol/oed, That this Council dot's hereby extend to said Conference .1 most -cordial invitation to hold its annual meeting- of 1904 in this city; and be i1 further Resolved, That the Mayor and City Clerk be and they are hereby requested to send to the lion. W. G. Cochran. President of the State Conference of Char- ities at Quincy, a copy of these resolutions. Adopted Oct. L2, 1903. Acting President — As I am chairman of the Committee on County Charitable and Correctional Institutions, it will be in order to read my report. Repobt of Geobge W. Ctjktiss, of Stockton. Chairman of Committee on County Charitable and Correctional Institutions. Those of you who were in attendance at the Peoria conference last year will remember how this committee came to be appointed. United States Judge J. Otis Humphrey, who was holding a session of his court at that time in Peoria, declined to send convicted men to any jail in Illinois, declaring such to be unsanitary, and that an able-bodied man after being confined in one of them for six months would likely come out of them a physical wreck. Lately the judge persists in this course of procedure, so we may conclude that there has been no great betterment in the condition of our county jails during the past year. There is no doubt but that the old adage "out of sight out of mind" may well be applied to county institutions, more especially to their almshouses. However, if we would as opportunity offered, visit them frequently, co-oper- ating with the county auxiliary boards, and interest ourselves in the county officials in charge, good and lasting - results would ensue in time to the sani- tary conditions of their inmates. The State Commissioners of Public Charities have now established in nearly every county of tne State auxiliary boards of charities. Some of these boards may fail in performing their duties with proper fidel- ity, but we must all recognize the fact that their work is largely new to most of them and that their opportunities have not been as good as they may become later on. There is not a doubt but that the State Board of Charities will appoint the best men and women in the several counties to continue on these auxiliary boards. So your commissioners have much faith in the future labors for humanity which will be cheerfully performed by them. You may have noticed recent action by the State Board of Health, wherein one of our county almshouses was condemned as being in a dilapidated and unsanitary condition. We are informed that this visitation of the State Board of Health was made at the instance of the State Board of Charities, who had been apprised of the conditions of affairs in the county. And yet the auxiliary board must have known of its condition when they made their last report to the State board. Hut we imagine that their foolish pride in their county affairs conspired to induce them to withhold the true condition at that time. There is one im- perative duty for these local county boards to perform without fear or favor of any one. and that is a true, faithful and honest report as to the condition of their county institutions. We believe, in conclusion, that a committee should be appointed at this session to consider the county institutions and report at next annual confer- ence of this body, as we believe that these questions cannot be healthily dis- posed of at this time. Acting President Mr. John J. Sloan, Superintendent of the House of Correction of Chicago, will now present his paper on ••Methods in County Jails in Illinois."" \i i i hods in ' "i •• 1 1 Jails in I ixixois, li\ \i r ] F.S - eriotendenl 11 tion, Chicago. The methods of county jails La 1 1 1 i 1 1 < « i >~ and tin- evils which we ;it times com- • abonl are properly the result of the legislative and doI the administra- tive j>:i rt of government, and the fault lies principally with the system em- ployed. l-'n'in visits made to different county seats and information received, there are in confinement in the county jails of Illinois, outside of < ook county (which has an avei nates on hand) 600 persons, 90 per cent of whom are awaiting trial; the other 10 per cent serving shorl sentences. In tin' main the jails are cleanly, the food is fair, the prisoners well treated, but the curse of idleness and its attendant evils is over all smoking, reading papers, novels, and card playing, constitute the chief employment for periods ranging from ten to fourteen hours per day. The evils of association with unscrupulous or degenerate characters that must necessarily follow a life "f several months "f idleness in a county jail where four, Bis or ten men, vary- ing from youth t«> <>M age, are detained, are too plain to require further ex- planation, ami unquestionably result in dragging down instead of building up. Some of the larger counties in tin- State have separate quarters for youths and females and they employ night officers to look after the welfare of the prisoners. sheriff- are allowed a rate varying from 25 to 50 cents per day for dieting prisoners, and with the possible exception of four or five counties, all of the sheriffs wnom 1 have seen or heard from would be glad to be relieved of their prisoners, despite the fact so often stated that the sheriffs are interested in maintaining the prison for the profit to be made in the dieting account, and in the few exceptions there i- no reason other than custom for the Bystem which make- a prisoner a source of private revenue for a public officer, and should he abolished— the county to pay the actual cost. in some of the counties in this state the grand jury meets hut twice a year, other- have three or four sessions, and Cook county a monthly Bession, and it sometimes happen- that persons are detained five or -i\ month- awaiting the action of the grand jury, and after indictment and trial, are sentenced to a few .lay-' term in tin- same jail. It is not quite clear to me how the present Bituation of affairs can lie improved, for the fault lies more with the system than with the management, and until some method of speedy trials to deter- mine a man's innocence or guilt is arrived at. your county jail system, with its attendanl evils, musl continue. All over the country we have seen in the pasl year, riots, anarchy, lynch- in jj-s and murder of persons charged with and suspected of various crimes, and much ha- been -aid in condemnation of it. The few explanations that have i. ecu o" i v awaiting trial and about 75 serving sentence. That the grand jury system fails to meet the needs of the hour is shown by the fact that of all these cases held over to await its action. 50 per cent were returned "no bill. * 25 per cent who were indicted were subsequently fo\md •"not guilty." and the remaining 25 per rent were convicted and of these thousands of cases the net results were 260 convictions to Joliet, 147 to Pontiac and 7oo received short sentences to the jail and the house of correction. It would appear that efforts were made to compel obedience to the law in Chicago at least, as over 70,000 persons were arrested last year, of whom 12,000 were discharged in the police courts, 1^.000 fined and the balance held to the grand jury, released on their own recognizance, etc.. and of this large number of arrests we see the result in the foregoing 1,100 commitments and the in- fliction of petty fines. Is it any wonder that on account of this the police authorities, rather 1li.ni take the risk of allowing the culprit to escape through the technicalities and 312 delays, insist >>n a fine being inflicted in the police court, which, if not paid. m »ft Tin ; , Bridewell sentence andal N-.t-^t temporary relief from the commnnity from tin- person's depredations. stem which would acl promptly while the facts and the witnesses were at hand, whicb would insist thai law is instituted primarily f>>r the pro- •n of the community and secondarily for the correction and reformation of the prisoner, would have a greater influence in the prevention of crime and the protection of the community than any correction of petty abuses in the county jails of the State could possibly bave. Acting Presidenl The subjecl is now open for discussion and we will tir>t bear from Rev. I - '. Emorj Lyon, Superintendent of the Cen- tral Howard Association of Chicago. Rev. I'. Emory Lyon Mr. < hairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Great things bave been accomplished since L773, when John Howard was the sheriff of Beadford jail in the transformation of prison buildings and the improvement of Legislation. Bu1 greater things yet remain to be accomplished by all of us whohelieve in the brotherhood of man. Before 1773 very little had been done toward erecting proper prison institutions, but thanks to the earnest work of John Howard, many men of high standing were enlisted who threw them- selves into the work and awakened the proper spirit toward worthy prisoners and ex-prisoners. Since that time the attitude of the state itself toward the prisoner has been gradually changed from that of vindictiveness and repres si. in tn the thought that by all means the prisoner should be reformed it pos- sible. It wa-- soon seen that this could not be accomplished without a proper classification oi prisoners and decent sanitary arrangements. So much was accomplished in a short time, however, that as early as L816, when Indiana was admitted into the Union as a state, it incorporated in its Constitution the statement that its penal institution was to be, not primarily for the purposi of punishment, but for the objed of reformation. It is well tor us to remem- ber, however, that at the same time Conneticut was still using one of its old abandoned copper mines for a state prison, and men were thrust in there un- derground to fever and tester and starve and die. At present while we have a vast improvement over these conditions in nearly all of the Mate institu- tions, similar changes have not been made in a Large number of eases in the county jails and city prisons. \11 of us who have visited the State prisons realize how superior they are over even the average county jail or the city Lock-up. 'Net at this point there is the Largest opportunity for the preven- tion of clinic, since the first offender has here Ins first experience in prison and may meet his first corruption. The Secretary of the Mate Hoard of Charities of one of our states in the Central west stated recently that there were county jails in that state not tit for habitation of any Living thine-, and i know of a number of county jails in our own State of Illinois thai can be described in a similar manner, and which bave been condemned year after year by a grand jury. These conditions can continue only because the community is nol anxious enough for better thii They do not stop to think or realize that the conditions surrounding a pns oner while awaiting trial are often the cause of his continued downfall. I call to mind, for example, the case of a young girl Who was retained in ■ •in local jail for two weeks on suspicion, she was finally discharged after it was proven that she had im connection with the crime alleged, luit during that time she had heen in a department of thi' jail with two colored women of had character. I also call to mind two young men w ho came to us in si •arch ■ mployment. They had heen arrested on suspicion and were kept in jail three weeks and were then discharged. During that time they had of course met many men tar worse than they had known ln-fore and could scarcely help being corrupted. Man] a jailer will perhaps say that a boy of it or L8 years of age is a "tough," and therefore could not in- injured, bul though he ma\ he had enough for a boy of his ace. he is still tar from being as bad as he may become. It may he very difficult to consider how to remedy these con ditioiis existing in many of our count} jails, but, as has heen indicated by the excellent paper to which we have just listened, one step toward this improve- ment will doubtless •»• by abolishing the grand jur\ system. it is true that t he provision for t he grand jury is entrenched in the constitution of the State, 313 but I am a great believer in remedying anything that should be improved. Some people may think that when a thin" - is part of the constitution that that settles it for all time, but while it must take longer, I see no reason why a bad thing should not be abolished merely because our fathers tolerated it. Another need looking toward the improvement of these conditions is great- er intelligence on the part of the people of each community. I have asked the people in many county seats what kind of a county jail they have. In one town particularly. I remember, no one seemed to know whether their jail was good, bad or indifferent. Even the county auditor, whom 1 asked, had really never thought to step over to see whether their jail was built on modern principles or not. Still another difficulty lies in the fact that even if people did visit their own jail, not having visited other institutions of the kind they are not in a posi- tion to make adequate comparisons or apply a high standard of excellence. In New York the State Prisoners' Aid Society is given authority to visit all the county jails and city prisons, and. upon the basis of their large experi- ence, report the conditions to the governor and other state authorities. It seems to me that this is an excellent plan, inasmuch as it gives information from a disinterested stand point, either of the local community or the State administration. Surely such an outside organization could give a more im- partial as well as more expert opinion than through the State authorities or a county committee appointed for the purpose. In regard to food for the prisoners. I will say there is. in g-eneral. room for improvement. The difficulty seems to be. in most cases, not with the sheriff or other administrative official, hut with the tendency to over-economize in the care of the unsocial classes. One sheriff told me that he had continually urged the county commissioners to approve his standard of adequate food for the prisoners. But one commissioner especially seemed to think that "any old thing" was good enough for a man in prison, until his own nephew lodged there, then he wanted the sheriff to be sure and treat him well. The whole matter of the care of prisoners becomes another question when we apply the golden rule. In brief, therefore. I think if each community would take more interest in its county jails and realize, not only that all prisoners are human beings, but that many detained for a time are never convicted of a crime, great improve- ment would almost immediately be made. I trust, therefore, that in the future the people of this State will visit their county jails and see that they are in good condition, both for the sake of present prisoners and for the pre- vention of crime. Acting President— I now have the pleasure of introducing to you Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, whom you no doubt already know. The Relation of County Institutions to the Public. By Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, General Superintendent Chicago Bureau of Charities. It is a notorious fact that county poorhouses and county jails usually suffer from low standards of management. The reasons for this state of affairs are many and vary according to local conditions. I believe, however, that it is safe to assert that the one great underlying reason, applicable everywhere, is to be found in public indifference. This indifference ordinarily takes the form of contented ignorance of the conditions which actually exists in county institutions. Whenever ignorance gives place to knowledge the indifference vanishes, and when indifference vanishes the standards of institution manage- ment promptly improve. I wish to mention specifically some of the good results which may he ex- pected to follow the awakening of an intelligent public interest in the man- agement of the class of institutions under discussion. 1. The officers who are charged with the duty of appointing the heads of institutions will be more careful in the character of their appointees, because of the certainty that unfit appointments will he discovered and thai those having the appointing power will be compelled to bear the blame. :;ii • :.»• public eye is u]>«iii them, will feel the i ring the best possible service. inmates will receive greater consideration and protection. Food, sanitation, cleanli- ness, discipline and other important subjects, ordinarily neglected, will re- . proper attention. Inefficient management will i>.- discovered and remedied before Ha. abuses occur to ca ing among the inmates or public scandal. Under ditions, inefficient management ordinarily remains undiscovered until some serious occurrence or exposure shocks the public, demoralizes the tution and precipitates a violent revolution in management. i. Faithful and competenl management will be appreciated and will re- ceive thai supporl which will protect it from interruption or removal for political or personal reasi ids. The real difficulties which are involved in the management of an insti- tution will be underst 1 by tin- public, and the officers will not he unjustly condemned for shortcomings for which they are not to blame. Many a good institution superintendent has been discouraged and crushed by unjust charges, which received credence because of public ignorance of the actual difficulties under which he labored. 6. Needed i in | n'<> veineii t s and ref onus will he more read i ly ol ita i ned ami more generously provided when the public knows the needs and demands of those in authority that they he met. T ften officers in charge of institu- tions ask in vain for improvements for which the need is great. When these requests are supported by public demand the response will he prompt and cer- tain. There is not a wretched, inadequate pour house or jail in Illinois that would not he soon replaced by a modern, adequate building and equipment if those in control of affairs were convinced that the public demand the im- pri ivements. So it is literally true that the people of any county have the sort of jails and poor houses thai they want. When they know and are interested they want g 1 institutions. When they arc indifferent and uninformed they are sat isfied wit h poor i >nes . The faithful head of an institution should foster and invite public interest. Visitors with their many questions, often curious and sometimes idle, ami their comings and goings a1 inopportune times, are a trying ordeal, but the advantage of public knowledge and confidence and the certainty that there is nothing to conceal is worth a grea1 deal to the management and isasouro strength when nnjusl complaints or charges an- made. If committees of citizens were invited to join with the management of a poor house in solving troublesome problems and in discussing proposed improvements in equipment or direction, tin- resull would certainly he good for all concerned. For ex ample, the transfer of the insane to State care could be greatly extended if citizens 1 committees from many counties urged the need upon the legislators. Better provision for the care of children now in poor house-, could be pro- moted. All the knotty problems which are bo little understood by the public would become the subjeel of intelligent discussion ami the steps necessarj to their solution would he hastened. Among these problems may be mentioned those arising from the difficulty of classifying inmates of different grades, of sex separation, of employment, of medical care, of the provision for keeping old couples together, of the separation of the gentle ami refined from the de- praved and vicious, of the proper care, protection and classification of chil- dren, women, young and old offenders, those detained as witnesses and other kinds ami grades of prisoners in jails. AH the moral influences in an institu- tion would he strengthened and emphasized. At pre-.,ut an impassable gulf seems to exist between the unfortunates, in t he poor house especially, and the mi unity iii which t hey have li veil, where all their interests lie. and of which they are in reality still a part. 'The result is t hat t he poor house existence is inexpressibly drear and desolate. A proper public interest would relieve this cruel, inhuman condition, would remove the na which makes the poor house a horror and dread to those who need its shelter, and would quicken and strengthen the sense of duty to those in di^- .\ duty t ften forgotten or sunk in the coldness of officialism. 315 Mr. J. Mack Tanner, Secretary state Board of Charities, Springfield -Every citizen <>f the State should know something of our institutions and the pur- poses for which they were established, and the manner in whicb they arc conducted. But how is this information to be gained? I believe that one way is through a complete presentation of the subject in the public press; bu1 the better way, perhaps, Looking more to the future, is to begin with the children, the education of the children. I do not believe that our public schools give any instruction in this matter. I know that 1 spent the average number of years in school and college and 1 never had one hour's instruction in State government, legislation, public affairs or regarding our public insti- tutions. The utmost attention should be given to this matter, for whatever knowl- edge we now gain on these subjects must be secured by the slow process of observation, or through conversation with older people. If attention is not given to this, the result will be that our children will grow up without any knowledge of these questions, and should some of them later lie appointed to responsible positions in charge of our institutions, they would lie but poorly equipped to undertake the duties required of them. Now a word in regard to an article that recently appeared in Mr. Bicknell's paper in regard to the Fulton county almshouse, wherein he criticised the auxiliary board for not rightly observing the conditions existing there, and the great difference shown by their report of a year ago and the conditions now shown. This but serves to illustrate the point I have been making. That is. that the average person is not trained to observe poor conditions in our institutions, and hence cannot without experience make an intelligent report thereon. But it is due to the auxiliary board of Fulton county to say that they reported this year that their county almshouse was in a wretched condition and asked the assistance of the State board to remedy it. I. as Secretary of the State Board, was instructed to visit the Fulton county alms- house and report fully the conditions existing there. 1 did and found them so bad that I requested the State Board of Health to inspect the place. It was the report of the latter that came to your attention. I hope and believe that with these conditions presented to the board of supervisors by our board and by the State Hoard of Health, as they have been, that a new almshouse will be built. These investigations will certainly tend to keep our alms- houses and other public institutions in good condition. Mrs. Mary E. McCauley, Matron Soldiers' Orphans" Home. Normal — Mr. Chairman. Ladies and Gentlemen: One year ago Mr. McCauley and myself. by invitation of the Board of Supervisors of McLean county, visited with them the McLean county almshouse, this being the annual inspection by the board of supervisors. I do not wish to speak disparagingly of the McLean county almshouse, as it is well known to be one of the best managed in the State, but there was one feature that appealed to me as being most distressing and wholly out of character. The presence of children among the defectives there, some in- sane, legally declared so. others that were morally unfit to be near children: the influence of such environment can not but have a baneful effect on the minds of children, and perhaps of the gravest character. The impression I received from this visit will be lasting, and I there real- ized that there was a work to be done that would eventually culminate in a law prohibiting the admission of children in county almshouses. The board of supervisors no doubt felt they were doing the best possible for these child- ren under the circumstances, and as no other homes were provided they were obliged to become county charges. My heart naturally went out to these children, and in my efforts to interest I was at first almost rebuffed, as they were shy and apparently afraid of me. but by persistent efforts during the afternoon I was enabled to draw them to me. and in conversation I found several bright little ones that would well grace a good home. I told them as best 1 could of our little children in the orphans' home, and what we were trying to do for them, and as they hovered about me with such a look of expectancy on their faces touched my heart as never before, several of them importuned me "to take them home with me. " 316 One little girl 5 or 6 years old bad been born there, or perhaps then- vi-rv early age, and I was asked by a physician if I l. I hold that when ■ mother or a father be< ies a county charge they become irre- sponsible, and should not be allowed the custody of their children, as the child sooner or Utter will become impregnated with the vice and wickedness about them thai will take years if ever t<> eradicate tin- evil effects. When questioned regarding my interest In these waits ol the county I did do1 hesitate to condemn as infamous the pract ice of placing children in county almshouses, and when children were found there they should be taken away, placed where they could have proper care,, and educated either al State or county expense. Last February the State convention of supervisors and county clerks held their annual session in Bloomington. By request <>f the committee I made a plea before them for the abandoned and dependent children <>f tin- State. In the last biennial report of the Soldiers 1 Orphans 1 Home, the superintend- ent recommended: ■That when the capacity of the institution was not taxed to its utmost capacity, the law be amended to admit the dependenl and i Lected children of the State.'' I have listened with great interest t<> Mr. Bicknell and others and feel very much benefited by being permitted to attend each session <>f this i . inference. Hi. n. John A. Brown, of Decatur, President Hoard of Trustees, Institution for Blind, Jacksonville -Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen— It has L> privilege to attend three annual conventions of this body and two national conventions. I find the time so spenl profitable and instructive. It did my heart good at the great convention held at Atlanta. \ the people of the south in the subjects there discussed, ably and eloquently handled as they were by southern men. As I look over this tine audi. -nee room I wonder where the citizens of this city are that are in- terested in charitable work. This is ealle.! the "Gem city." and I understand in wealth and population is the third eity in the State. 1 am sorry to see SUCh a small audience present to hear this important BUDJect which Mr. Bicknell has so ably discussed. The matters here spoken of have to do with all the vital interests .if the Mate. They cause the people to reflect on the subject of charities and corrections and these sessions should he crowded. In Looking over this program I not ice a reception commit tee of about WO more or less, [f the committee itself were only in attendance we would have an audience ..(' respectable size. I have been waiting to he received by this committee, i.ut thus far have not been able to find them. Mr. President, if I may be al- lowed to he facetious I suggesl that th nvention receive the committee If the reception committee were not quite so Large and all attended to their duties il would he much better. I also wish to say that if this convention could visit my city I assure you that the hall in which it held its sessions would he tilled with tlie Lest people in our community. I do not think that Quincy is to blame in this matter, hut 1 .1.. think that if those who were put on the committee were here it would at least show that they took an interest in the matter, for I am of the opinion that it is the duty of those on the com- mittee to attend, and without desiring to he critical I would Suggest to the local committee in charge of these meetings that some special efforts be made to Invite the public to attend these sessions. This is an age noted for doing things, and let him who puts his hands to the plow in this work, plow with- out ceasing. Mr President, I believe the time has come (<><■ the people of this greal State t.. consider whether that relict of t he dark ages, the grand jury system. should not be abolished, I believe I am not putting it to.. Btrong when l Baj it has become t.. the people of this State an expensive and useless nuisance I think that this Convention should lead the way by discussion and otherwise in the effort for its overthrow. Asa lawyer I am aware that it is now en trenched in the Constitution, bul many of our best Lawyers think that our present constitution has outlived its usefulness and that the day is near at hand when modern progress will require many changes if not a new consti- tution. In my own county of Macon the session- ..f the grand jury became so Lengthy and expensive that the press of the city called the people's at- 317 tention to the matter. It was also a subject for consideration by the board of supervisors, as a result of whieh the time <>f the grand jury sittings was reduced from over 50 days to about 15 days. Under this sytem there is now but a small per eent of convictions, and the stigma of an indictment found rests for years on the innocent. I sug-gvst that this convention by resolution favor the abolishment of the system. Miss Eleanor Tobie, Superintendent (haddock School for Hoys. Quincy — Ladies and Gentlemen: The gentleman who has just finished speaking stated that he did not see any of the members of the reception committee present, and I wish to say that 1 am on the committee and I am present. When we wanted you to come to Quincy, last year, it was with the inten- tion that a meeting here would he an inducement for Quincy people, and that they would take more interest in public charity, but I am sorry to say to you that it has not resulted in the manner we expected it would. I regret that the people of this city do not take the interest in iliis matter that we would like to have them take, but I trust this will be a lesson to them and that hereafter they will at least come and report, especially those who are on the reception committee. Hon. J. J. MeManaman. Chief Probation Officer. Juvenile Court. Chicago- Mr. Chairmain. Ladies and Gentlemen: 1 am more than pleased to hear this discussion, especially by those who are interested in the charities and correc- tions of the State. During- the last session of the Legislature a bill was introduced which, had it become a law. would have corrected many of the abuses of the grand jury. I thought then and I think now that the grand jury has outlived its usefulness. When it was adopted it served a very necessary purpose— to pro- tect the weak against the strong - and powerful, which has ever been the strug-gde in human society. It prevented the strong- from putting - the weak on trial for their lives upon a mere pretext. The grand jury stepped in and said to the powerful: "When we think you have a just cause for action then you can put the accused on trial." Hut degeneracy has affected the grand jury, as it does all hitman institutions, and today the grand jury is used to frame blanket indictments and bring a lot of men to trial suspected of some infraction of law. and in most cases they have then proved their innocence. Had this bill become a law it would have put an end to blanket indictments in this State. The bill provided that before a grand jury could act. the ac- cused would have the right to go before an examining magistrate, have the right to be represented by counsel, and if after all the evidence on the part of the State and the defense was heard, and if the examining magistrate then thought that the State had evidence sufficient to convict the accused, he should hold the accused to the grand jury: if not evidence sufficient, his duty was to dismiss the case. This bill went to the proper committee, where it sleeps peacefully, because the rights of property are more important to the law makers than the rights of man. There was a story told by a member of the legislature, and by the way. he was in favor of the bill, of a man who had been arrested in his county for stealing a game cock. The thief was held to the grand jury and a very important witness in the case was also held, because he could not give satis- factory evidence that he would appear at the trial and give his testimony, nor could either give bond for their appearance. You know it is rather difficult for a man who steals a chicken to get a bondsman: so these two men were held in jail for three months before one of them was indicted and brought to trial. At the trial it developed that the man who lost the game cock had stolen it. and the State could not prove who owned the cock, so the second thief and the witness were released after about four months" confinement. It is evident that changes should be made in our criminal procedure: first. if the examining- magistrate after hearing- all the evidence in the case, believes that the State cannot convict he should have the power to dismiss the case, and by this decision deprive the grand jury of their power to indict . Tin- law as it stands now g-ives the magistrate little power. If a crime is committed and there is reasonable belief that the accused committed the offense, it is his duty to hold the accused to the grand jury. At the grand jury the State is represented by able counsel, while the accused has not even a "look in." 318 Mr. Km- . . Mo ■ i •• ille, Member S 5 of Public I was thinking i tl >ndance here Ding and was very much die I 'it the failure of Quincy people to be present to gel the benefil of thai very important and valuable Lecture regarding denl children. There is qo city - thai can affoi an ■ irtunity L r " by. I a ted, because I knew thai the L< committee have done :ill they could. I know thai they have advertised, and I have ii"
    1. ni>t thai they have done a greal deal of labor <>f which i oe • - bu1 t hemselves. In l- tunty buill ;i jail an •- it has been unsuitable and inadequate and now it is being remodeled. The Woman's Christian Temper- ance Union brought the matter of the c tndition of th fore the board and finally the planl was made Larger by :t'l i > ^ i t i < > n . v the convention at Atlanta. Georgia, last summer, if th >f the city "f Quincy could have been there and heard the talk about county jails I think they would have ln-.-n benefited a greal deal. 1 trust that the people of Quincy will feel as though they oughl to have a better county jail and thai they will take more interesl in public institutions and public charity. We have enjoyed the presence of bul one of the promi- uenl eitiz •:i^ of Quincy, so far as I know, and it is disappointing t<> us and a Loss to them. Jacksonville, with one-third the population of Quincy, would have given much more attention t<> such a m teting as this conference. Prof. M. B. Hammond of the University of Illinois, Urbana Much has been said here this morning in criticism of the administration of our almshouse by the Local authorities. It seems strange a1 times how little impression is made on our minds by the teachings of history, and how clearly enunciated princi- ples, born of investigation and experience, arc neglected when wc come to deal with these matters in practice. Take for example, some of the recom- mendations made by the English poor-law commission of 1832-4, and embodied in the poor Law of L834, to which all our modern reform measures along this line date back. That Law established, as you all know . a central administra- tive hoard to control Local admistration in dealing with the poor. This hoard did not possess the power of appointing the local officials. To have conferred i power would bave been to violate the principle of local government privilege cherished by the English people as much as it is valued in this country. Furthermore, such a central board could aol have made a wise se- lection of such a body of local officials. The power which was conferred upon it was the power to remove Local officials who were found to be incompetent administrator-, and to prevenl removal of Local officials who were competent. even though the political party which had made the appointment was no Longer in control. I do aol see how we can expeel to see a successful admin- istration ot our local charities until this same principle of centralized respon- sibility Is recognized in this country and the successful superintendent of our almshouse is protected against the discipline of party politics. \ service which it seems to me this Conference might render to assist in the administration of almshouses is to provide in its program for a visit to the almshouse of 1 1 ounty m which the annual meeting is held, and to voice its approval or disapproval oi the conditions it finds existing there, such an ex- pression on the part of a body of charity experts, as this body is supposed to be, could not bul have .1 salutary effed upon the people of the county and its officials entrusted with the care of the poor. 319 Mr. Eugene T. Lies, of Chicago -Is there any way by which the State Con- ference can publish such an address as Mr Bieknell's and scatter it broadcast among people who ought to be interested in public charity? I think this method would bring results. Mr. J. Mack' Tanner — I will do all I can to have your suggestion fulfilled; Mr. Lies, and will try and have about L,000 copies printed. Miss Mary J'. Roberts — Ladies and Gentlemen: Mr. Moore, in telling about the new S14.000 addition to our county jail, did not mention the work done for it by the county auxiliary board. At a public meeting descriptions of a halt dozen good jails were read, fol- lowed by a description of oar own. The county commissioners were inter- viewed by thi' board and by leading taxpayers at our request. Petitions were circulated and as much pressure as possible was brought to bear. The president of the board instructed me to report that the success of the effort for a remodeled jail in Morgan county was partly due to the work of our board. Mrs. Orphelia L. Amigh — I would like to hear from Mr. Sloan in regard to his opinion about county jails. Mr. John J. Sloan — is Quincy called the Gem City? If so. it is my opinion that its county jail would not add any lustre to it. This morning 1 went through the county jail and foxmd it a combination of diingeon and junkshop, located under the ground, dark and unsuitable for habitation, with the in- mates dancing around to keep warm, and its condition on fhe whole a disgrace to the county and city in which it is situated. Your board of supervisors allow a per diem for dieting of prisoners „n this jail that is in excess of what they could be humanely cared for and afforded employment, if so desired, at your admirable house of correction — a finely built, well lighted and ventilated institution, with facilities for the separation of inmates and a relief from the curse of idleness which dominates all county jails, and I take this opportunity of commending the system and management of the house of correction and wish that the interested citizens of this city would only contrast the two institutions and determine for themselves the humanity, economy and practicability of determining all prisoners at the house of correction while the present conditions exist at your county jail. The attention of your board of supervisors should be called to its county jail, and if Quincy desires to retain the name of the ••(rem City"' it is my opinion she had better ""brush up" on her county jail. Mr. T. .7. Clark — I wish to say that Quincy is called the Gem City, and as a citizen of this city I very heartily approve what Mr. Sloan has said in regard to our jail. When we asked this conference to meet at Quincy we thought it would be a means of inducing- the people to take an interest in it. and that the citizens would appreciate this fact, and I have no apology to offer for lack of interesl shown by our people. The local committee have done all in their power to advertise this Conference and have worked hard, but the citizens did not take ranch interest in the matter. Mr. Henry Davis. President Home for the Friendless. Springfield — I wish to say that I think Sangamon county is moving along very nicely in regard to its public institutions. We have a county poor farm, situated several miles from the city, on which $30,000 is expended annually for help. food. etc. County poor farms should be located in the country so they could get the benefit of the country air. for the people of the cities are mostly sent there. Poor and dependent people must be cared for by the county and therefore should be well taken care of because they may have no relatives or friends in the county who are particularly interested about the care they receive. We will have to do something for the poor and unfortunate people of our state, and why not take care of them in a plain and respectable manner? We have no children at our poor farm, and I wish that all of the counties in this State could say the same. Poor farms are no place for children, and 1 trust that the time will come when no children will be placed at the poor farms. I am so sorry to see and to hear that the Quincy people do not take an in- terest in their public institutions and charities, but I trust that the "airing' 320 they bave • ting will teach them a Lesson. 1 also trust that the people of this city will look after their jail and give their prisoners all the "fresh air" and warmth they need. I think they should have a clean place t'> — 1 »-« - 1 » and proper f 1. Another point thai I wish to talk about is juvenile courts. I think thai a city the size "f Quincy oughl to bave a juvenile court. The people of this city uc.ulcl find it to their interest to bave it. ;i- thej are becoming very nec- i ii all of the importanl citie6 in order thai they may properly care for their neglected and dependent children. Our old ladies' borne cares for all the old Ladies, and our home for the friendless cares for all the children under sixteen years old. We also have associate churches which care for all the needy poor in the city. Parents, guardians and courts give us children and we find homes for them among the good people who wish to befriend the orphan. Our home was organized in ml we have cared for over sis thousand children. Also when we find a good woman or man who have children and they cannot get work and keep the child with them, the home for the friendless takes them to "hoard" at 11.00 per week", and the good women of OUT hoard find the parents work', and that makes them independent of charity. The good people of >-\t-vy town or eity will care well for honest and needy I pie if their cause is properly put before them. Organized charity is the besl way to care for the honest and hard-luck needy. It speaks well for a •r county to take care of their honest poor. To keep the children in school and off the street. The child can be reformed, hut it is hard to recon- sl rucl an adult. Upon motion of Dr. Hart the Conference adjourned until 2 o'clock in t In- afterni ton. 32] Wednesday A.ftebnoon. The meeting \v;is called to order by Mr. Curtiss, Acting President. Acting President The subject for discussion is "Proper Treatmenl of Tnberculosis," and we will now hear from the chairman of the committee on this topic. I take pleasure in presenting Dr. Webster, President of the State Hoard of Health. Notes >>\ Ti berci losis. (Bj George W. Webster, M. 1).. of Chicago. President Illinois State Board of Health.) Mwtality. — There were 537 deaths from tuberculosis in Illinois in the month of July, 1903, and probably at least 10,000 during the last year, or more than one for each hour, night and day. throughout the year. This is as many deaths as were caused during the month above mentioned by pneumonia (212), ty- phoid fever (88), suicides (70). diphtheria (57), whooping cough (50), measles (39), and scarlet fever (32) combined. Its mortality is frightful. It is man's worst enemy now as it has always been all through recorded time. Its path- way has been strewn with horror and death. It has been characterized as the "Captain of the Hosts of Death." It causes L50,000 deaths in the United States every year, and every one of these cases was infected by some previous case. At the last meeting of the Tuberculosis Congress in London, an assertion was made by Prof. Koch which startled the physicians and sanitarians of the world. He said that human tuberculosis could not be communicated to bo- vines and that probably the bovine species could not infect man. This was of the utmost importance because, if true, it meant that tuberculosis meat and milk are not dangerous forms of food: that the immense sums spent in pre- venting this form of infection was an illusion and was unnecessary, and that the usual precautions to prevent the spread of the disease to cattle were like- wise unnecessary. Bearing upon this subject the most important discoveries in recent research are the following: 1. Animals were fed with tuberculosis material and the tubercle bacilli were recovered from the thorac duct three hours afterward. '!. MacFayden (Lancet. Sept. 5, L903,) reports experiments made upon is monkeys. These animals were readily susceptible to inoculation with bovine tuberculosis and the interesting point was that general and pulmonary tuber- culosis was caused by feeding the bovine tuberculosis, although there were no intestinal lesions. This shows that a food tuberculosis may be produced in young monkeys by bovine as well as human tuberculosis, and that the bacilli enter the intestines, pass thence to the lacteals. through the thoracic duet and thence to the lungs, where they are screened out by the terminal arteries in the lungs. The next most noteworthy contribution to this subject is that by Dr. I). .1. Hamilton in the section of pathology at the meeting of the British Medical Association. .Inly. 1903, and published in the journal of the association Sept. L2, L903. Nineteen calves were experimented upon and by feeding, respiration and inoculation, and L5 of them became tuberculosis as shown by the naked eye appearance of the parts, the occurrence of a tuberculosis structure within them, the presence Of the tubercle bacillus and the reinoculation of the dis- ease upon the guinea pig; absolutely conclusive evidence that bovines, at least young calves, may be inoculated by human tuberculosis, clearly disproving the contention of K'och to the contrary. Positive evidence is stronger than negative testimony. Another important observation is thai pulmonary tuberculosis of the lower animals may be caused by the injection of tubercle bacilli into the bladder. Recent observations seem to show that in those countries as Japan and China, where milk is very sparingly used as an article of diet, pulmonary tubercu- losis is very prevalent. The following facts are very fairly established. The ^1BC only possible modes of infection are by the way of respiratory passages, the alimentary canal and 1 1 1 « - skin. The latter is very rare. Therefore the com- mon modes of infection are by way of there Bpiratorv tracl ;in«l by in>n of tin- Latter; thai they can and 'In freely cir- culate in the blood; thai they have :i tendency to lodge in the terminal arter- ies in the 1 uiilt--: thai as Aufred has shown, they grow readily in the walls of the arteries; thai when fed t>> animals or injected into their bladders they cause pulmonary tuberculosis, it seems very probable that tin- majority of infections of the lungs are indirectly by way of tin- digestive tract. This nol because milk alone is so important, bul 1 believe it to be a tarter, hut because tin- food becomes infected from tin- sputum of tuberculosis patients, not directly, but indirectly, by means >>t dust, tin- latter being swallowed, the carrying of the contagion to all kinds of to.nl especially by flies, as I pointed out in my address before the association last year. The important point in Lowering the rtality from tuberculosis is preven- tion. The disease is transmissible from man to animals, ami probably from animals to man. It is certainly transmissible from our person to another and tin- cans.- of the disease is the bacillus. Whether tin- mode of infection is chiefly by the alimentary canal tract or by the respiratory tract, every possi- ble effort should be made to try to destroy the bacilli in every possible way; in other words, t>> destroy the sputum. All foods should be well cooked and should he eaten while warm, ami pos- sible contamination by Hies should he prevented. Filth and unsanitary sur- roundings favor the development of flies, I herefore cleanliness in every respecl should he st ricl Ly enji lined. The mortality is frightful and is admitted: the cause is known and easily aizable; the modes of infection fairly well understood: the early recog- nition is an easy problem in diagnosis; it is easily preventable; and yet in spite of all this ii com iimes i,) lie a greater scourge than any army that ever ma rched. \\ hat can we as individuals, as physicians, or as an organization do to check ,ts ravages? Prof. Nocard said: "With suitable assistance I will rid Prance of bovine tuberculosis in eighl years." I believe that if I could secure abso- lute compliance with one little rule of five words I could stamp it out in the human family in three generaiions. 'The rule to which I refer is this: I'niiif-- taklng '";- "' tin ttputum. One is in far Less danger of becoming infected by the dis,;is,- in a modern sanitarium for tuberculosis with hundreds of tuher- culosis patients than in the modern hotel or Large commercial establishment or in very many private homes. There has not been a single ease of the disease among the physicians,' attendants or nurses in some of these Large institutions, like tin- Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium in L 5 years. Why'.' Simply because tin- above rule has been strictly enforced. I > 1 1 i I > i i i -i i \ w \ N I - 1 1 . \ o I : \ \ < I \ \ 1 1 I \ I > 1 1 I I 1 1 1 m i . Ilow shall we secure compliance.' First, by organization, for the purpose and carrying on a campaign of education, in order t hat the people, the well people, may know their rights and demand protection, thai they may learn their duties and perform them: duties they owe themselves, the sick. the well and societj in general; organization which will build sanitoria, do1 so much for the can- oi all cases, hut ascfreat educational and research ecu ters. where the tubeVculous maj be taughl their duties, .and how to .-are for themselves ami protect others Organization for better, cleaner homes, sun shine, fresh air. a Love of outdoor Life; for the tenement house is the hotbed of infection: tor temperate living, as alcohol is. it not its culture medium. certainly one of the chief elements in so Lowering vitality and Lessening re sistance as to make infection easj ami probable. Hut education is not enough. Organization is not sufficient. I am still amazed bj the frequency with which i am importuned not to tell a certain member of the family the nature of her disease, even after its inteclious nature has heen explained to them. Patients with the dis,-;ise malo- no pretense of destroying tin- sputum either in their 323 own homes or in public, even though they know full well that they by their actions endanger the lives of not alone strangers, but of those near nnd dear to them. They well have a legal, constitutional and mora] right to protection against infectious diseases, and I believe that every state should pass rigid laws and compel compliance with such laws just as rigorously as is now done with small pox and yellow fever. Until this is done, in spite of education, in spite of organization, in spite of every effort, consumption will continue to be the scourge of the human race. Dr. George W. Webster — I take pleasure in introducing Dr. Homer M. Thomas, of Chicago, who will present a paper prepared by him entitled "The Economic Loss to Illinois from Tuberculosis." Tin. Economic Loss to Illinois Pkom Tuberculosis. (By Homer M. Thomas, A. M., M. D., of Chicago.) It required centuries of preparation that the world might be fitted for the habitation of man. There had to be the vast wealth of mineral, vegetable and animal creation. Following these comprehensive elaborations of nature. all necessary for the maintenance of human life, there came life itself. Life is the final product of centuries of preparation and growth. Being the last it is the most sacred. The most sacred should receive the greatest care. As manifestations of human life, we find the mental, the moral, and the physical. The State represents the sovereignty of the people. It is typified through its legislature, its senate and its governor. Through legal enactment there is conserved to the people the best environment for their mental, moral and physical welfare. As a mental growth we have our vast system of public schools, extensive libraries and famous universities. The moral uplifting- of our people is accomplished through the agency of the churches and cast phil- anthrophic movements. We aim to protect the physical from danger and disease by wise enactments against water pollution, impure air and elaborate quarantine against the invasion of epidemic disease. The comprehensive prolongation of human life must finally rest upon four fundamental essentials: 1. Pure air. 2. Pure water. 3. Pure food. 4. Pure thought. When these have been approximately attained the human race has secured the basic principles upon which to rest the highest conception of human pro- gress and attainment. Among the vast number of agencies actively at work in the production of disease the greatest is that of tuberculosis. No age, nor time, nor race, has been free from the incubus of this widespread plague. From the time of Hippocrates. 460 years B. (.'.. to the present it has proven the most difficult disease to treat and the malady most fatal to the greatest number. Viewed from the standpoint of philosophy alone the ravages of this disease might be considered beneficent. Whatever is universal inust be necessary. The necessary is right. Death is universal, therefore necessary; hence right. The adoption of this fatalistic creed would render unnecessary the existence of any boards of health, of charities, of philanthropists, or organizations for the alleviation of any form of human suffering. Therefore, whilst we cannot but admit the truth of the conclusion that death is universal, our thought and effort today is directed toward prolonging human life to the last possible moment. Since we look to the Slate for the protection of our mental, moral and physical well-being, we must be increasingly gratified at the numerous and widespread efforts throughout our State for the prevention of tuberculosis. The value of these efforts cannot be computed in figures. They can only be most generally estimated as to the relative value of each life rescued from tin- ravages of this widespread disease. ..L'l We have no de fin it evalence oi pulmonary tuberculo- sis iii ill . r than th by the data furnished from death eerti- rhese are exceedingly unreliable for self -evidenl reasons, manj i dying "f tuberculosis not being reported as such. It is statistically demonstrated that in th< I Illinois at leasl - persons die ever^ year from this disease. \n estimate oi - eaths an- aually from tuberculosis is \>i\ conservative. In all probability there an iths annually from tuberculosis. The census oi - the population of Illinois as 1,821,550. • iiu.it. >f al economic loss and expense to tin- State and patient of 520,000,000. I. ei us assume 16,000 cases exisl at the presenl time. Bach ease of tuber- culosis will expectorate a1 least 1.000.000 of tubercle bacilli in twenty-four hours. If one case of tuberculosis expectorates 1.000,000 bacilli in twenty- four hours, 16, tases will expectorate 16,000,000,000 i ubercle bacilli per day, and in a year we would have approximately 360 times [6,000,000.000 tubercle, which would be approximately tubercle bacilli annually ■ (id i hroughoul the I llinois. i1 are the properties of tubercle bacilli? In moist form they are harmless as a disease-spreading agent. When dried and allowed t.> come in vlth respiratory surfaces thej are exceedingly dangerous to health. and are the specific exciting cause of pulmonary tuberculosis. It al umes self-evidenl thai the economic duty of the State lies in the direction of so legislating thai danger from infection of dried tubercle haeiiii is reduced to a minimum. 325 It is absurd to suppose that we can through Legislation, or any other active governmental process, stamp out the existence of tubercle bacilli in our State. They have existed from time immemorial and doubtless will continue to do so. but the danger which Lurks in the dried tubercle bacilli to the public health is at once so potent and so fruitful a source of spreading the ravages of this disease thai it becomes an economic necessity for our State, as far as possible, to prevent the further contamination of public health from dried tu- bercle bacilli. The victims of tuberculosis are mostly of the active working age. Their deaths coming at the time of the period of the greatesl usefulness to the State represents t be Largesl amount of economic loss. These deaths are injuring society in a most vital way. Men and women are taken from us at the zenith of their greatesl powers for usefulness and activity. It is estimated that 35 per cent of the people who die from tuberculosis are from 1 .""> to .'it years of aye and that 20 per cent are from 35 to 15 years of aye. Since such is the case, and the economic loss so evident and so great, it follows that we simpl\ cannot afford to allow our State to be devastated by the every day danger from a disease at once so general and so fatal. We must fight tuberculosis, aim to check its ravages, and finally briny about its practical eradication. The necessity for protection of our people against such a disease becomes more and more evident. We do not insist that the paramount duty of the State is the care of its sick, but we must bear in mind that to take care of those suffering from tuberculosis is of itself an economic- as well as a philanthropic measure. The State generously and faithfully cares for the deaf , dumb, those of feeble mind, and insane, and others unfortunately diseased. Imt at present goes no further than the care of these. At present no provision is made for the care of the tuberculosis, whose ailments are every day an element of danger to the health of the people of the whole commonwealth. As a result of the deaths from consumption each year the State at once loses the valuable products and activities of thousands of lives. With these lives the State has a direct money interest. The annual expense of tuberculosis to the people of the United States has beer estimated by Dr. Biggs of New Yorkto be $330,000,000. He places a loss to New York city of $1."). 000. 000 annually. This total is secured by placing a value of $1,500 upon each life, but this estimate does not include all. because' for at least nine months prior to death these patients cannot work, and a loss of service at $1.00 a day. with that of food, nursing, medicines and attend- ance, at $1.50 per day result in a further loss of $8. 000. OOH. making a yearly loss to the city of New York of $23,000,000. With 150.000 deaths occurring annually throughout the whole country the total loss from tuberculosis would lie. as he estimated, approximately $330,000,000. It has been estimated that the sum paid annually by each county for the support of the poor is far greater than what would be required for the maintenance of consumptive hospitals: and these hospitals, through their sanitary surroundings and equipment, would prevent much sickness and hun- dreds of lives now sacrificed would be saved. As evidence of what such sanitation may do it has been ascertained that the death rate from tubercular diseases in New York has been reduced since Ism; from 1.42 to 2.89 in L901. Thus the death rate for consumption has diminished under improved hygienic conditions. .Mrs. Wallace estimates that 30,000 consumptives are dying in Indiana each year, and that there are 5. Olio deaths each year: that in the 92 counties of Indiana, witli 1,400 townships, each township averages three pauper death- a year from tuberculosis. It costs the state at least $150 a year for shelter. fuel, light, medicine, clothing and food. Three consumptives a year would mean $450, anil for the 1,400 townships $630,000 a year for the state. This money is largely wasted as far as the prevention of a disease goes, and is valuable only as a slight means of alleviating suffering. We know that 60 per cent of living people have, or have been infected with consumption: that it is infectious, and the germs are developed by dampness. impure air. bad food, (dose contact, as in schools, tenements and peniten- tiaries. This being the case, it would seem that it is part of the State's busi- 326 poor, to boards -if health, that the sick |M>..r may l>.- properlj housed, have plenty of fresh air ami sunlight; >>r. if thai is ii< >t feasible, provide sanitoria or isolation hospitals that the patients may have the best ol care and be removed from the danger of spreading tubercular infection. In Havana from 1890 to 1894 there were 1,000 deaths from yellow fever and from consumption. We did quarantine for ih<- former, why not quaran- tine for tin- latter? \- compared with other states in the Union, Illinois stands tifth in tin- list of mortality from consumption. Dr. Robison answers the question of curability oi consumption in tin- mid- dle states in the affirmative, ami urges that states should provide for the erection of sanitoria. Illinois standing tifth in the mortality list is dm- to its lark in providing a State sanitarium. The necessity for a Stat.- sanitarium is admitted; tin- excuse for not having it is Lack of money. Our 'state recognizes pulmonary tuberculosis as communicable. No laws have been made to prevenl the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis, hut steps have been taken and laws created to prevent tin- spread of tuberculosis among cattle. Is it more essential to provide against the spread of tuber- culosis in cattle than among human beings? At the presenl time there are laws enacted ami stringently enforced pre- scribing tin- number of cattle that shall be placed in a railroad This is a beautiful and considerate Mate care for the rights and comfort of the helpless dumb brutes. In ( hicago no such considerate Mate care is exer- cised for the protection and sanitary welfare of human beings. \ < hicago street car will comfortably seat 32 persons and allow easy standing room for ten persons. It is not infrequently the ease, however, that the same ear will transport tfom 60 to 7"> persons. Think of the possibilities of tubercular infection from such a close massing of people, as well as the absolute inde- cency of such crowding, sine.- human life is made possible through the existence of tin- vegetable, mineral and animal ei-eati.ni. would it not he well for our State authorities to al Last exercise the same thoughtful considera- tion t..r the physical welfare of human beings as they now do fur those of t he dumb creation? \t the Lasl session of the Legislatures bill was introduced asking the State to appropriate 8200.000 for a State hospital for tuberculosis. It failed of passa <>ur State owes a duty to the phthisical poor. The communicability of this disease makes sanitation a necessity. The disease is not actively contagious, but each case is a menace to those that it comes in contact with. These cases arc a danger to friends and the community at large. It is no purpose of this paper to create a panic of pht hisiohohia. Consump- tion is not a virulently infectious or contagious disease. It is a communi- cable one. If proper precautions are not observed the danger of introduction int.. the system of a tubercule germ is always imminent. Prom an economic standpoint alone, the State should protect ds inhabitants from the dangers that lie from eonta.-t with th.- tubercle germ. Where sanitation is had. and dirt and dust accumulate, where there is an absence of sunlighl and pure air, should not the Mate step in and eliminate these dangerous conditions'.' Lighl and ventilation are the tubercle germs 1 annihilation. Nature through the agency of sunlight and ventilation, will disinfect and render inert the deadliest tubercle genr. What. then, are the mosl practical measures for the State to take to the infection ami Bpread of tuberculosis? The establishment of sanitoria, Much .-an he done through th.- Mat.- by the spread of literature detailing the measures necessary to prevent th.- Bpread of tuberculosis. It is not feasible to place this literature in the hands of every family in the Mate. Even if it were, no attention would ordinarily be paid to the instructions until neces- sity for their observance arose The pom- sumptive, ami unfortunately for himself and th.- state, the consumptive is too frequently of the indigenl class, cannot observe the instructions laid down it he would, and as we believe t>> he a fact, would not if he could. The ordinary household i^ not suited for the care of i Bumptives, :!27 Dr. Egan estimates the Dumber of deaths from tuberculosis in the State of Illinois annually at 1.0,000, or one death in every six or seven. With a death rate of such magnitude, for the greatest number of deaths occur from eon- sumption, the question arises, is the disease curable? The world over, the best medical opinion is agreed that incipient tuberculosis can be cured. Therefore, the necessity for the State care of consumptives is more and more evident. Consumption causes the State to lose each year thousands of valuable lives. It is. therefore, a decided economic advantage for the State to maintain hos- pitals for consumptives. Some sanitoria claim 70 per cent of cases cured when the patients are admitted to treatment in the earlier stages. This estimate is probably cor- rect, for incipient tuberculosis is one of the most easily cured diseases. It seems fair to assume that under proper treatment in sanitoria .~>0 to 75 per cent of consumptive patients in the earlier stages of the disease would be cured. With 150,000 deaths occuring annually throughout the country at present. if we are enabled to cure .">(> per cent or 75 per cent, the approximate saving to the country would be from ft 1(5. 5. 000. 000 a year to $247,000,000 a year. With 10.000 deaths annually in Illinois, if we can cure 50 per cent, or 5,000 cases, the saving to the State alone would be $7,500,000 annually. The expense of sickness and the loss of wages would fairly average $3.00 a day. or approximately SI. 000 a year. Hence, the recovery of 5,000 cases would save the State annually ST. 500. 000 and the patients and friends $5,000,000 a year. Therefore, it seems entirely fair to assume that a first- class sanatorium equipped and maintained by the State would effect the saving of $7,500,000 annually to the State and $5,000,000 annually to the patients or contributing friends. The approximate saving to the State and loss and expense to the patients and friends annually would be $12,500,000. Is it not. therefore, wise for the State, through the erection of sanatoria, to affect annually the saving of this vast sum? Viewed strictly from the stand- point of annual economic loss and considered entirely from its financial aspect, and laying aside all humantarian and philanthropic considerations, our State is justified in at once proceeding to assume the care of the con- sumptive poor. It is not to be expected that sanitoria will abolish consumption. The spread of contagious disease through quarantine is not wholly prevented, and yet we continue to quarantine. The arrest of this disease must be secured through the establishment of special institutions for the care of consumptive poor. Through the establishment of sanatoria we inaugurate a campaign of education that cannot bitt be of benefit. Dr. Knopf believes that the duties of the municipal government should con- sist in each city having an efficient committee composed of a number of gen- eral practitioners, health officers and charity workers. This commission should visit the homes of the tuberculous, institute hygienic measures, as demanded, examine other members of the family to find if they have con tracted the disease, inquire into the sanitary condition of the patient's dwell- ing, and in addition inspect tenement houses, and urge that our streets should be free from dust, filth and smoke, prevent the overcrowding in homes, sweat shops and factories, and make our public schools models of perfect ventila- tion, and places for physical as well as intellectual development. Our State legislators should do their utmost to enact such laws as will secure proper ventilation and light in public and private dwellings. State boards of health should receive an ample appropriation to combat tubercu- losis, and should be composed of expert sanitarians. Illinois, the State of vast industrial activity, tremendous agricultural re- sources and comprehensive educational institutions: the home of great statesmen, scientists and philanthropists, must be freed from the blight and devastation of tuberculosis. Science has clearly pointed the way for the accomplishment of this end. Let us not be blind to or negligent of our duty. Let us each and all do our share, that in the end tuberculosis may jorever be banished from our midst. A Delegate I would like to hear whal Dr. Podstata has to say on thi6 subjecl Dr. V. II. Podstata, Superintendent ol County Institutions at Dunning The prob care of the consumptives of Cook county is a difficult one ;it pi I in- hospital for consumptives now in use is an ideal structure • •^l>it.il purposes, inn nol well adapted for taking care "f con- -.iiini- Another difficulty we enconnter al presenl is the fact thai tin- coming to as for treatmenl are entirely beyond any In .j »«- A^iiii- from thai we have t • • gradually overcome the existing aversion "t the people towards |mlili<- hospitals of thai kind. In order to overcome these difficulties the county authorities are making arrangements al presenl 1" take care of the rery sick absolutely hop tuberculosis down town, probably in tin- vicinity of the presenl hospital. Tin- re hopeful type of cases are t>> be taken care the new hospital for the cure of tuberculosis, which i> at presenl being constructed al Dunning. The hospital L6 entirely separated from tin- n-^t <>f the institutions, will include n special area known as the hospital grounds for the tubercular and will be sufficiently large to permil "t outdoor treat- nt of patients as far ;i> indicated. The new hospital i- a frame ssructure consisting of four separate wards "t inn- story each, facing the — ■ > 1 1 1 1 1 and so arranged thai every window i-- ea ed to sunlighl some part of the day. These four separate buildings are connected by a wide hall, which permits of patients exercising even in the winter so far as practicable and advisable. The county authorities will also endeavor to allay the fear of the public by aiding in tin- education of the people to the idea thai consumption is a cur- able disease it treated early, and thai the prospects for recovery increase jusl in proportion as t" how early the patienl comes under observation and treat- ment. The presenl mortality rate is very high, owing to the deficiencies existing and tn the character of patients received al present. Dr. Webster The resull of sanitarium treatmenl depends in mosl cases "ii the condition of the patienl when he arrives there. Probably tit'n i" seventy per cenl are cured, Imt it' they are only senl there when in a dying condition 11 is beyond anj power tocurethem.no matter how efficienl the treatmenl may be. Mr. Eugene T. Lies Would it nol I"- of interesl to have the bill mentioned elsewhere found, and have this conference see ho'w Ear it reall) gol before il was cancelled, and see whal the prospect is for making such n law in the t'ut ore? Dr. Thomas .M\ imderstanding is thai the bill was referred to a committee and never gol beyond the committee. It is a fact thai the bill was presented and failed to pass. I believe thai it failed to be rep irted from t he c< immittee. Dr Webster A year ago, in addressing this association, I said: ••| believe thai this matter is one of the mosl important features of the conference,'' and while this picture which I have drawn todaj and which has been drawn by Dr. Thomas, seems dark, i think thai the future is ra liaul with hope. I believe thai if we will simply keep >>ii with this work and approach the people in the righl waj thai we can have our efforts rewarded bj success II we can convince the people thai we are righl and thai whal we wanl is for their interest, then certain 1) the future is radianl with hope Dr A I. Converse, Presidenl Associated Charities, Springfield Mr President: I have been considerably interested in the discussion of this paper It Beems to me thai n greal amount of good could be 329 accomplished in the State of Illinois by having the teachers in the public schools educated on this line, so thai the scholars under their instruction could be taught something concerning the importance of health, and how to maintain the same, and at the same time be able to guard against the contagious and infection i li leases. Such informa- tion on the pari of the public would be a greal help to the hoards of health located in our cities, in their work of stamping oul the diseases under discussion. The conference adjourned at 8:00 o'clock and the delegates were kindly furnished electric cars by the local committee, for visits to the Chaddock Boys' Home and the Illinois Soldier,' and Sailors' Home. Both institutions were of much interest to the visitors, who spenl considerable time inspecting the buildings. Luncheon was served ai the Soldiers' Home, after which the delegates returned to the city well ] (leased with their visits. Thursday Morning, October 22. The meeting was called to order at 9:00 o'clock by the acting pres- ident, who introduced Mr. J. Mack Tanner. Chairman of the Commit- tee on Official (hit-Door Relief, who made the following report: [Report ok Committee <>n Official Octpooh Relief. ]By the Chairman. Mr. J. Mack Tanner. Secretary State Commissioners of Public Charities, Springfield ] I feel that this conference is unfortunate in the selection of the speaker for chairman of the Committee on Outdoor Relief, for the reason that his time and attention has been directed to other lines of charitable effort, while neither study nor experience enables him to speak or report intelligently on this subject. I am indebted to the other members of the committee for much of the mat- ter that enters into this report, since I had neither data nor reliable statistics from the counties upon which to make a committee report. Under the law the count}" agents or overseers of the poor are required to make a report to the county clerk, but the information thus filed is hard to obtain. The books are often indifferently and poorly kept, so that complete and reliable infor- mation is a matter of doubt. Three years ago the Mate Commissioners of Charities sent a man to every county to secure data on relief work. He ob- tained only the total sums expended for outdoor relief, and he often had to gather this information from several pages of entangled records. The present Commissioners of Charities, while continuing and extending the system of county visitation, discontinued the inquiry into outdoor relief, believing that the information obtainable would not justify the effort. The law ought to !>.■ so amended as to require a full and detailed report of the transactions of the overseers of the poor to be made to the State Commis- sioners of Charities. The First General Assembly in Illinois met in Kaskaskia. then the capital, in L819, and there enacted a law for the relief of the poor. The county com missioners were required to appoint two overseers of the poor in every town- ship, whose duty it was to sell at public auction all poor persons who should become a public charge. No person was allowed to bestow charity on a stranger, and if he did disregard the law and the stranger so aided should die. he was compelled to defray the expenses id' the funeral. In L821, how- ever, the legislature made provision for the care of the non-resident sick and other destitute persons who were not paupers. The appointment of township overseers was abolished in 1827 and the county eommissioners became the agents for the distribution of relief. In is:;.", pro- vision was made for the establishing of county workhouses. Four years Later the care of the poor was taken from the county commissioners and given to 330 the justices <>f the peace, which is practically the law new in counties not under township organization. The same year provision was made for the firsl time for the building or purchase of county almshouses, upon the acquire- ini'iit of which by the county the duties >>f the justices of the peace in relief work ceased. Our presenl laws are a compilation of tin- Laws of i^ii and L874 and the way open for either county or township relief. Each system has it- ad- herents. Prof. David Felmley read a paper before this association in 1900 in which he presented very convincing arguments in favor of county relief. Others claim thai county relief encourages carelessness in the distribution of funds, since the supervisor gets credit for the largeness of the sum he is able tn secure for his township rather than for what he accomplishes, still other relief worker- favor the complete abolishment of official out-door relief , letting the required relief work- devolve upon a charitable association or some chari- tably inclined citizen i>r neighbor. No doubl we are too much disposed to follow custom and tread in b path- rather than seek new things or expend a little energy in learning new ways. If the abolishmenl of official outdoor relief has tended to reduce pau- perism where it has been tried, as has been conclusively proven in several of the large eastern cities, we should not hesitate to abolish it in our Large cit- ies when- like conditions prevail. I am not yet ready to believe, however, that we can profitably abolish it in the Btrictly rural communities. Bere we have a supervisor, usually a man of honor and integrity, who is in close touch with the people. He know- them all persona lly, their capabilities, t heir mora] standing, their fraili ties and their temperaments. He knows the needy and the shiftless and the undeserving poor. He has the information al hand, which must be gained by any relief association, for the distribution of alms. Not so in our more populous coun- ties and in the Larger cities where a man may not know hi- neighbor, and where each applicant for relief is perhaps a stranger, and where ulterior in- fluences rather than the need of the applicant may control the expenditure of the public fund-. Men- a better system could and should be devised. One hundred and two counties in Illinois in 1 899 paid out $760,445 in outdoor relief: The average per capita cost to the people of the State was \>\ cents, varying from one half mill in Edwards county to 53 cents in Adams county. It is 1,, i„- noted thai the 16 counties paying more than double the average • from 32 cuts to 53 cents), namely, Adams. Edgar, Vermilion, Sangamon, Mc- Lean, LaSalle, Coles, Kane. Peoria, Logan, Bureau, Greene, McDonough, Schuyler. Marshall and Menard are all in the great rich farming district of Illinois, Possibly the general prosperity of this section encourages the poor to make t heir home here. In the less productive sect ion of the state south of the B. a ii. railroad, the poor relief barely averages 7 cents. It ha- been ted in explanation that most of the counties above mentioned contain tic-, manufacturing and industrial centers, or else a Large mining pop- ulation. Ve1 ur ii n< 1 Williamson county with '.'.111111 miners paying bul 7 cents for out relief; Perry, with 1,300 miners, paying 9 cents; Jackson with 1,000 miners paying only v cents. The suggestion does not explain wh\ McDon ough with t h«- same population as Williamson and no Large city, ami with hut 300 miners, should pay oul 1- cents as againsl ~. cents in the latter county. or Menard, with half the population of Williamson, should pay 38 cent-. N<>r does it explain why. in St. < lair and Sangamon, similar iii respect to the size and composition of their Large cities as well as in county population and in the number of their mining and railroad population, the latter should pay • nit 17 cuts for OUl relief and the former 15 cents, only one-third as much. McLean county pa \ - ou1 37 c,ut-. while Knox, similar in many respects, pays only 5 cents. McDonough pays i s cuts, while Warren, adjoining it, pays onlj .1 cents. These comparisons tnighl be continued indefinitely, and while thej afford us no basis for a solution, they make food for thoughl and sug- gest an inquirj as to why these Inequalities should be. That much of our so-called charity is responsible for the increase of pauper ism doe- not admit of a doubt. This criticism applies with peculiar fore- to our presenl system ol out relief. Experience has shown thai the Increase and di ndigence and miser) hears a close relation to the assistance given to the poor from public funds. 'The plain intent of the law is that out 331 relief shall be given in emergency cases and covering a brief period. By ;i laxity of administration, which seems inseparable from the system, \vha1 was intended as an exception has become the rule, until in some <>!' the counties of this State from fit to 60 per cenl of the county revenue is thus expended. Statistics from the official records of LaSallc county show that for the de- cade from L890 to L900 the increase in expense of out relief had assumed alarming- proportions, notably in the larger cities and towns. The annua] expenditure for this purpose increased from 86,500 in 1890 to $40,000 in 1896. The per centage of increase was 416 in Ottawa. :'.4."> in LaSallc 668 in Streator and 270 in Peru. It was also found that the supervisors of several of these towns were paying out more for out relief alone than the total amount of their county taxes for all purposes, leaving the rural towns to support all the other county institutions. It has cost LaSallc county for out relief in 20 years twice as much as it did to support the poor farm, and more than the cost of building all the county's charitable institutions. Superficial investi- gation of 20 of the largest counties of the State seems to indicate a like con- dition in each one of them. Experience has shown that a judicious administration of out relief in our populous counties, executed by public officials, is impossible, or at least im- practicable, as the method contains within itself a principle of indefinite extension. The statute requires that all who require public aid shall be sup- ported at the poor house. It also provides that temporary relief may be ren- dered by the supervisor of the poor, subject to certain limitations. This latter provision is the one which serves to break down the law itself. The bane of all pauper legislation has been caused by legislating- for extreme cases. Every exception to the general rule lets in a flood of fraudulent cases by which the rule is destroyed. This is why out relief from the very nature of the case must be abused or abolished. The fact is that there are a number of uncontrollable agencies at work which insure a greater or less prevention and relaxation of the best constructed and most stringent rules of legal relief. Fear, favor, indolence, mistaken benevolence, inability to properly investi- gate, will inevitably co-operate with the importunities of applicants to the maladministration of the most carefully devised law. This leads to the con- clusion that legal out-door relief should be abolished, and this part of charit- able work be left to local charitable organizations, who will be found equal to the task of caring for all worthy cases who need relief. Me. Tanner — We will now have the pleasure of listening to Dr. A. L. Converse of Springfield, who will read a paper prepared by him on "Out-Door Relief." Otjt-Dook Relief. (By Dr. A. L. Converse, President of Associated Charities of Springfield.^ Without doubt we have all framed in our minds a definition of what con- stitutes out- door relief. But that there may be no misunderstanding as to the exact meaning of the term as understood by the author of this address, we will define it as such help as is given for temporary relief, from either the public treasury through its supervisor or county agent as the east- may be: through charity organizations or from individuals who may be charitably inclined. The evident intent in the granting of such help is that of tiding over indi- viduals whose needs are imperative, and who have not the ability, either physically or otherwise, to supply their immediate wants. I claim no special knowledge concerning this subject other than that which would come to an ordinary individual who has filled for many years positions which have brought him in close contact with those in need. When 1 was much younger than now. I filled the position of county physician for a num- of years, after which I was elected supervisor and re-elected for quite a num- ber of terms, and as ex-otficio overseer of the poor I had no little experience in the relief of the unfortunate. The last five years of my life has been spenl as president of the Associated Charities of Springfield. 332 l)ui mewhat varied experience I have gathered ;i fev* ideas which I shall submit with .1 • temerity t.> the kindly consideration <>f those pnt at this confi ■ The individuals needing In 11 as those clamoring' for recognition, iried in their makeup as ha v< ositions in their behalf. Many there are whose physical defects are Buch thai they are incapitated others whose surroundings have been so unfortunate that they have never fell the leasl ambition to improve the condition in which they find themselves The general impression of others, so often expres their presence, that they are of no account, has been accepted. In the the Willow Bedot. they conclude thai they are all poor critters. nlar. though true, it is thai ;i large portion of the human race yield ither encouragements or discouragements, no matter which. as it reaches the eaJ from one upon whom they arc wont t<> look as either their superior or more fortunate in the ran- of life. There is a namby-pamhy class of people that never reach maturity as men and \\.>m, -ii in thai ense because their very existence has been dwarfed ..ii a..-. .nut of their leaning upon some individual, church or community. These individuals cannol be classed as criminals; on the contrary, many of them are exceedingly moral, and even of strong religious tendencies. They are simply negatives which are permitted to exist for no good purpose known to man. They are horn good, live good and die good, and in tact they are so thai they are g I for nothing. I have in mind, among my acquaintances, our ,.t' these individuals. He married: more fortunate than many others in one respect, he married his equal, and. singular to relate, they have three children with strong parental instincts. I call them instincts because, oyster like, they take what is given them: and what is not given them, they go without. They lack ambition to employment and the tenacity to stick to it when furnished by others. ner have they the courage to Meal. They simply exist on charity, and alwavs will, unless some fortunate circumstance intervenes, which is not likel\ to happen. There are criminals who are no1 paupers, and never will be. They lack- neither ambition nor courage; the luxuries of life arc attractive to them, hut they have no compunctions of conscience as to how they shim'.. I be obtained. They an- shrewd and thoughtful, careful and methodical; and, in fact, aside from honesty, possess many virtues; they will never be dependenl for their support, unless deprived of their liberty. These individuals arc as far rem □ the condition of pauperism as any of my auditors. Thus we can readily see thai paupers and criminals, as already pictured, should not ' her. There is. however, a class with which all of us arc intimately acquainted. They do no1 have to come from Kentucky in order to have their kinship ii gnized; they arc cousins, and more. too. When we undertake to classify them we arc perplexed; when we undertake to analyze them, the quandary us. They are incrmaidish in their makeup, neither fish, nor human; like the mythological horse, half horse and half devil. In other words, they arc pauper ami criminal, or criminal ami pauper, depending upon which evil pre- dominates as to the combination of the words. This evidently is one of the classes which I am expected to discuss, ami the innumerable .-lass which the public generally discusses, minus the firsl sylla- ble. In numbers the criminal paupers far exceed the two classes above enumerated, ami give bj far the greatesl amount of trouble to the conserva- • : the po,.r such as l doubtless find sittin me. emen. I sympathize with you as one having for many years tilled the office of supervisor. My ambition has long ceased in that direction. I have been promoted, or rather retired, which relieves me from the perplexing question of discriminating between the pauper a in I the thief. Had I remained supervisor to this date I fear thai I should have become one or the other. perhaps both. I sincerely trust that you are mule of better material than I. I would gladly advise you as how to best meet the requirements of an over seer of the poor, did I know how; but I am frank i<> say that my mind is clearer on the subject of expansion, the tariff, or the free coinage of silver than it is upon the management of the pauper criminals with whom you -m> frequently come in contact. In my younger days I served my county in the capacity of physician. As most of you know, the work of a young physician is somewhat experimental. The most of my work as county physician was among the very class now under discussion. 1 have tilled offices of trust since. As I look hack upon those experimental years as a doctor, in which I ilitl my very best. I some- times wonder if my services as county physician were not worth more to the county in dollars and cents than any service which I have since rendered. To me the work was a source of wonderful revelation of the weaknesses and frailties of the human race: it gave me an insight into the imperfections resulting from heredity which time can never obliterate. I know of no position that is tilled with greater responsibility than that of overseer of the poor. I know of no official who can do this county such an irreparable amount of damage. There is no official who can so indiscrimi- nately thrust his hands to the very elbows into the county treasury as this very official of whom I am now talking. The overseer of the poor has the power to multiply dependents; he has the power to pauperize those who would otherwise be self-supporting; he has the power to increase and encour- age criminality: and. through the support of the vicious classes, he has the power to perpetuate himself in office in the larger cities. He has the power to do all these things in the name of the sweetest word in the English lang- uage—charity. These powers are given him by statutory enactment. They are tacked onto his official position as county supervisor by denominating him c.r-niiiciii overseer of the poor. The supervisors in country districts are. perhaps, as well calculated to till that position as any other individual. It is not always so in cities. The num- ber of dependents outside of the larger cities is comparatively few. The natural tendency with individuals, either incapable or indisposed to self- support, is to seek residence in the cities: therefore, when we reach the townships containing- the larger cities, we find congregated not only the un- fortunate poor, but the idle and vicious: the very class which constitutes tin pauper criminals; the individuals who care not from what source their sub- sistence comes. The selecting of the overseer of the poor by popular election, in which this very class has an opportunity to make themselves exceedingly active, is dan- gerous in the extreme. The theory that the people can be trusted, is one of the fundamental doctrines of pure democracy, but. like many other fine-spun theories, it too frequently fails to accomplish the end desired, and thoughtful citizens are beginning to find out that the dear people are exceeding indiffer- ent about many of the obligations which greatly concern them. They are finding that "Vox Populi" does not always mean "Vox Dei" and that this beautiful sentiment has not always been proven correct in every election. That the general public can be trusted to voice their sentiments on any ques- tion when thoroughly aroused, cannot be doubted, yet the necessity of quick- ening the public conscience is of paramount importance in every election. One of the serious questions which continually confronts us is. how shall the public be made to appreciate the importance of the offices which they have learned to look upon as of minor importance'.' No official comes closer to the taxpayer than the county supervisor. No individual has such complete control of the public purse. In their work in open board a single vote often counts for thousands of dollars. But when we add to this power an opportun- ity to dispense from the public treasury in a matter not open, as a rule, to public inspection, we can readily see the importance attached to tin- super- visor in his ex-officio capacity. In this capacity his power for the unwise expenditure of money is greatly increased, on account of being exempt from the criticisms of members, as in the open board, and from the press on ac- count of its lack of knowledge in his official work. The fact that the supervisor receives such poor compensation for his ser- vices would naturally he supposed to have the effect of deterring the dishon est from seeking- the office: yet the argument which would seem good on its :;:;! - of ii" value in fact, as evidenced by the gTeal effori |i\it forth in the cities to secure 1 » i — - election. In my own city my personal influence ■ • secure to a certain individual the nomination. The argument used was th:it lii— work as a mechanic did not furnish the amount "f money required, that if he could secure the nomination and election i<> the supervis- orship the result would be ;i considerable gain to 1 1 1 — income. If I should add 1 1 1 .- 1 1 this argument had a back-acting effect upon your "i might think there was :i disposition to air our own virtues, but I will tell you in an undertone thai the would-be overseer of the poor was ignominionsly defeated. And now comes what I < sider to be the most important pari <>f thi6 ad- the part above all others that I wish yon t < . consider carefully, and the part which I sincerely trust will be openly discussed ;it length in this conven- tion. Vfter careful consideration of every phase in this vexed question I am thoroughly convinced thai the overseer of the poor should nol be elected by the people in any township containing ;i city with n population of as much as 2,000. I am thoroughly convinced thai such official should be the appointee of the board <>f supervisors. II*- should l>e the county's agent, subject to the board. I am well aware thai there is a provision in our statutes by which an agenl for the county can be appointed by the board, but that provision is only permissible under certain conditions. I am in favor of making it mandatory, and I trust this convention will pass, emphatically, a resolution asking the present General Assembly to pass a law to thai effect. The resull of such an appointmenl by the board would be thai the agent would !><• responsible to the board alon< for his acts; his election would n«>t be determined in the Least by the will of those who would be likely to receive favors a1 his hands, the purchase of supplies would no1 t><' influenced by indi- viduals anxious for county patronage; every purchase could be made at the lowest wholesale rates. There is no reason why our county should make pur- chases in competition with individuals whose credit is not good. Tin- C08l of supplies, tor outside relief, under tin- present system, is one- third greater than it would in- under more favorable circumstances. The counties and the recipients of the aid are both the Losers in the transaction. 'The sooner county aid is taken from the hands of political tricksters the sooner will taxpayers be protected from unjust ami unreasonable demands. Everj supervisor should he interested in keeping down the expense of the county to a point where only Legitimate and proper expenditures would be met; he. therefore, would bave the power to control, to the extenl of one vote at least the individual appointed by the hoard: he would not only have the opportunity to control, bul he would he responsible, to the entent of one vote, ie ci mdiict of t he hoard's appointee The natural tendency of the human race is to he charitably inclined: the more they have fell the biting pangs of poverty the greater tin- inclination to give when application is mad.- for aid. The result is that the \ icious and criminal class,-, soon learn to work tor sympathy and influence t hose w ho are so prone to let their feelings yet tin- mastery of their judgment, and. in re- turn, that influence is broughl to bear upon the overseer of the poor. who. being human and anxious to either L r et or retain the good will of all. does that which In- knows t,, I „■ wrong rather than run the risk of incurring the ill will of any. Tl ndorsement of neighbors, as a rule, is not worth tin- paper upon which the endorsement is written. I have in mind an appliaation that hut recently •'. me, in which a very attractive and pleasant Looking Lady asks for aid to help her on a journey to Mobile, \la. She presented an excellent letter of endorsement from three of Springfield's most estimable ladies: said endorse- ment was so unquestionable in its form and s,i honest and hearty that I was Led to cheerfully contribute. One of the most astute gentlemen, in matters of this kind, also fell a victim to the wiles of this unfortunate widow. At the next meeting of the Board of Charities, (over whom I have the honor of being presiding officer), our superintendent (who, by the way, is a woman), asked me if I me1 the lady who was trying to secure funds with which to make tin- journey to Mobile, Ala. Supposing that I had done a truly Christian act I immediately replied in the affirmative and added that I had made a contribution to that end. If I had remembered the Scriptural 335 injunction not to Le1 my right hand knowwhat my Left hand giveth, although completely deceived by one woman, I would not have been so thoroughly ex- posed to the laugh of the other. Our superintendent handed me a book con- taining tin* record (written by herself) <>f this attractive widow. Said record contained a Letter of the chief of police of Springfield, stating that this very woman who had been casting those motherly eyes upon me, and the same widow who had deceived my astute friend, was. at this tery time, house- keeper in the most disreputable house in the city of Springfield; it contained also a letter from the chief of police in Mobile, stating that she was a grass widow, and had. previous to her coming to Springfield, kept an assignation house in .Mobile. I will add. so that you may better understand how this information was gained by our Superintendent of Charities, that said superintendent was a woman, thai she has never been a candidate for political office, subject to the whims of the average voter. I will also add that, after doing her duty as she has for a little over a year. I do not believe that she could be elected at a popular election, especially if she were a candidate of cither of the political parties: and yet. notwithstanding- her wisdom and care in ferreting out the paupers and criminals of our city, the deserving- poor have received much better care than heretofore. Referring back to the endorsement of the wily widow by the three estima- ble ladies. 1 think it proper to say that their endorsement was a correct one from the knowledge that they possessed, but that there had not been that careful investigation that there should have been before making that en- dorsement. The results gave ample proof when Mrs. Partington observed that she preferred statuary pictures for the reason that she could examine all sides of the statuary, while the pictures presented only one side to view, she made a choice that should be made by every dispenser of charity, to-wit: choose the living statuary rather than the one-sided picture made by the imagination ■of one possessed of more heart than discrimination. In order to make proper discrimination for the good of the recipient and the public purse, the indi- vidual chosen as the discriminator should not only be wise, but industrious: not only kind, but firm. The qualities that go to constitute the proper indi- vidual for such an office would make of the one possessing thern a tit person for the administration of almost any office of trust. We cannot magnify the requirements too much when we realize that paupers and criminals are being made every year by the loose, unbusinesslike and even criminal methods adopted in the expenditures of the public money. The thoughts to which you have been invited thus far have pertained mostly to subjects for relief, which have gained a residence in our midst. Your attention is now especially invited to that roving class which has no permanent abiding place. The old adage that "the rolling stone gathers no moss" is one of the saw r s to which many an exception is found in these latter days in which the public money is expended in transporting, from county to county, these migratory individuals that infest every portion of our land. They do gather much moss from the public treasury in the form of railroad transportation. if the exact amount that is expended by our counties in this direction could lie ascertained, we doubt not that the aggregate would be appalling. Probably the best way to illustrate this part of our address is to give you the record of a few individuals that have come under our observation in our own city. It might not be amiss for some of my auditors to take down the names of the individuals of whom I shall now speak. Otto Doer arrived in Springfield about two years ago from Alton. 111. He put in his appearance first at the Baptist church one evening at the close of the regular services. Me claimed to be a full-fledged Baptist, although his appearance did not indicate that he had recently been immersed. lie had with him a woman purporting to be his wife, and one t hree-yea r-old girl. The good people of that church expended oil that family the sum of $13.00. .My attention was called to their destitute condition, and I gave them a bed- stead, some chairs, and other household goods. Soon after they made appli- cation t.i tl ' harities for aid with which to go to Mil- ["he nexl heard of these individuals was from 'in Board of Charities in Kankakee, where they received some aid. I.;i»t week thi again put in their appearance at Springfield, with theaddi- ti f :i bahj This time they were Methodists, and the Methodisl i man had taken them mranl and provided them with a dinner. They -• l.ouis. I |if Quincy. James Latham, an Englishman, 32 years of age, with wife ami five children. tin- oldest '.i years "t age. tin- youngesl i months of age, applied to us for railroad transportation. By questioning this man ii was ascertained that he caim- tn America on an emigrant ship 15 years ago; that he had no - home other than the United States, never having lived in one place than three months at a time. They have traveled all over the country on supervisors* tickets, ami are -till traveling. I;. .-a Davis, a woman 30 years of age, with a four-months-old boy. has traveled on supervisors' tickets from Kansas to Texas, from Texas to Michi- gan, from Michigan to Chieaj a ( hicago >" Springfield, within two She asked for a ticket t<> Hannibal, Mo., "where pa's folks live, ami if they won't have ii" to Washington, Kansas, where ma's folk- live. ami t ry ma- f ( .Iks.'' I have given you these names in order that tin- overseers present may take them down, so that if they put in their appearance at any of your offices you will know just what to do. l can assure you that if you don't furnish tin- desired ticket they will be greatly disappointed and will probably die on your hand-. 'I'll.-.- arc l>tit the ' . pe oi an innumerable horde t raveling in every direction over our land, manv of whom, doubtless, each of you have come in contact with in your official duties. Thej are not only a burden upon society, but, what is worse, they are raising both paupers and criminals; in other words. they arc propagating their own species under the protection and encourage- incut i if i Mir ci unit y hoards. These stubborn facts, of which l am simplj reminding you, are new to none i Imt the remedy is what. I presume, each of you are looking for, ami. I can assure you, requires a better doctor than myself to suggesl with that e of assurance that will warrant many of you in making an immediate trial. Their children, in my judgment, should he taken from them and educated in better things at public expense. Vnd the parents should in- put to work ami made to understand that if they w ill not w ork neither shall they eat. The men ami women ot today who arc putting their besl thoughts into these sociological questions, arc the greatest benefactors of the age. lie or she that diverts,, ne individual from the way of pauperism and crime and is the means of making such self-supporting, ami fitting them for good citizen- ship, has performed not only an act of charity, bul has demonstrated a true spirit of patriotism. The unfortunate, t he outcasts, the paupers and criminals arc here. The time mver will he wh.-n thej entirely cease to exist; hut that the numbers can he proportionately decreased has been dei istrated where communities have undertaken the task with a will. What has been done can ne again. \\ <■ cannot always make of them what we would like hut any chart tin- better is de I he man who undertook to make a violin and after wards converted it into. , because the material was better suited for that purpose, had the satisfaction of knowing that he had. at least, made ■ Mil. I will state that 1 have great faith in organization, Everj community should have an organization to look alter these individui Is under considera- tion, ami the county should have an agent, appointed by the hoard, to co- operate with such organization. The possibility of such organization has 337 been demonstrated. Count Rumford, in Munich, by applying the principle of co-operation, put an end to beggary in ;i day. The story of this notable achievement is worth quoting. "The city of Munich was overrun with a class of vagabonds whom the police were unable to control. The then existing church, through its well Lnten- tioned but ill-judged system of alms giving, raised up a pauper spirit which it could not lay. The city government was taxed to its utmost to feed a pauper elass which it had created, and to provide prisons for a criminal class which had grown out of the pauper; and the mendicant class had become so bold that the citizen, from fear, yielded to his demands. All classes ami con- ditions were anxious for and asking for some remedy, and until then had asked in vain. ■Count Rumford undertook to solve the problem, lie Hrsi required the support of the police: the government placed him at its head. He asked for the support of the church, and the priesthood placed itself at his side. He asked for the support of the citizens and the citizens gladly gave that support by supporting' him in person. He presented the simple idea of co-operation. and in one day the organized mendicancy of the city of Munich was broken forever." The successful suppression of pauperism has been accomplished either by individual exertions like Count Rumford's or as in the case of Barwick Baker, in Gloucestershire, or by firm municipal action, as that of the city of Eber- field. in Germanj" or by a purely business corporation, like the Steelton com- pany in Baltimore, which has transformed one whole section of that city. In all of these cases the result has been reached by means of co-operation. If the police of every city were to arrest every beggar and were to have him committed to a workhouse or house of correction, where the inmates could be taught some useful occupation, and if citizens were to cease to give carelessly to beggars on the streets, but would actively support a co-operative move- ment, and if benevolent societies and churches would unite in such a move- ment, the result would be that there would be a great clearing house of all the charities of the city: tramps and beggars would begin to disappear from the streets into the ranks of either enforced or voluntary labor: the imposters and rounders would be exposed, and aid would be given those who really need it: the unfortunate and struggling would be helped to help themselves, and much of the money mischievously squandered would be saved: real charity would be more intelligently given than the present haphazard bestowment of alms. The edict as old as time, that man should earn his bread by the sweat of his brow, is now looked upon, in the light of experience, as man's greatest bless- ing: he that panders to profligacy and indolence, to say naught of vicious habits and depraved appetites, by inconsiderate giving, from either his own or the public purse, is an aider and abettor to vice. The indiscriminate and demigogical discussions which have grown out of the controversies between labor and capital have, in too many instances, been the promoters of discon- tent and dissatisfaction which has led many to believe that the world owes them a living, which, in turn, has begotten that social and communistic spirit which is antagonistic to American institutions. While many wrongs exist which should be the aim of good citizenship to right, yet our own experience teaches us that many are too glad to avail themselves of even a poor excuse by which they shall be relieved from the responsibility of self-support. Let us not forget that we owe a duty, not only to those in distress but to those who are profligate of time and opportunity, and are biding the time when they can secure the support now extended to others. The best possible bestowal of charity, from either a public or private standpoint, is that of giving aid to self-support. Every individual who is helped when he has the ability to help himself is weakened in the spirit of self-reliance to sucb an extent that he becomes unfitted for the most ordinary avocations of life. —22 B C 338 Three years ago I was in Switzerland, and found in thai wide-awake little republic many things worthy <>f our imitation. I asked <>f an elderly Swiss gentleman whal proportion of the population of Switzerland were able to read and \\ i- i i • • . In his broken English be said. "What yon mean by proportion?" I sai«l how many in Switzerland that cannol read and write. He immediately replied, "Not any thai old enough and have sense to learn." I then remarked that I Doticed no beggers. He Bald, "If any try to beg in Switzerland they Lock them u]>. " He then t . .1 « i me thai Switzerland was no1 a rich country, but that they take <-ar<- of their | r, of which there was a greal many. He Btated that if any were sick they were cared for in hospitals, and given work by which they could pay for their care; that those U I<1 or too young to care for themselves were abundantly provided for; but many there were that were physically able to work, but bad n<>i the intellectual ability t < > fairly compete with those more fortunate: such were provided with work by a publio official ami ]>ai i help t hemselves. In Italy, a country of beggars, I also found, particularly in the city of Genoa, a novel and very helpful provision made for the help of the poor women. An enclosure of nearly the size of one of our city blocks was pro- vided with all the necessary accessories for the conduct of the family wash- ings, with an opportunity of taking in washings for the public if they so desired. 1 was also informed that children were cared for while their moth- ers wen- earning money for their support. I do not know what arrangements other countries arc making forth.' employment of their unfortunate poor, hut I have always thoughl that every individual should have tin- opportunity of earning his own Living, and that if he is unable, from any lack whatever. to so secure employment, thai then it should become the duty of counties and municipalities to provide the work with proper compensation. An ounce ot prevention is worth a pound of cure: nipping in the hud pre- vents the growth of undesirable fruit: eternal vigilance is the price of immu- nity from the SCOUrge of pauperism and crime. Possibly the appointment of grand jurymen by the hoard of supervisors may have escaped that attention which it otherwise would have claimed had proper appointments been considered a source of prevent] f pauperism and Crime. In all animated nature the tendency Of the strong is to oppress the weak: in this particular the human race seems to he no exception, I know of no more fruitful source of pauperism and crime than that of pandering to the depraved appetites of habitual drunkards, who begel imbeciles and de- generates. Of all the causes which conspire to pauperize and demoralize a nation, intoxicating Liquors excel them all. The enforcement of existing laws should go far toward mitigating many of the evils which now exist. Mow can their enforcement he expected without the selection of grand jury n who will he loyal to their convictions, loyal to their country's in- terest ami true to their sacred oaths? The efforts which are so frequently made, on tin' part of the violators of the law. to secure the selection of jury- men who will wink at crime and w ho arc known in he void of that conscience which is so essential when the time comes for it s exercise in the enforcement of the law. can certainly not have escaped your attention. Acting Presidenl bliss Harriel Fnlmerwil] now presenl herpaper on tlir "wbrfc of Visiting Nurses." Visiting Nt rsi VVorh i\ [llinois, \ Bran* u oi Work \ mono i in Poor. i: II rriel Fulmer, Superintendent of the tin. ago Association.) House- to house nursing for the reliei of the Indigent sick is as old as the nursing profession. Since Dr. Fliedner at Kaiserworth sent trained women to care for the sick poor in their homes, and William Etathbone established the work in England. 339 District or visiting- nurse work covers that branch of nursing which cares for the sick poor in their own homes, when by reason of surrounding circum- stances the patient may not be sent to the hospital; the various towns and localities being- divided into wards or districts, the whole being responsible to the head of superintending nurse. Philanthropic organizations providing skilled nursing care for the poor and the sniall wage-earners in their own homes have the advantage of having developed into such practical adjunct to out-door relief work among the poor that every small community is coming to look upon the organization of the visiting nurse system as a necessity. Its workings, if known and understood. must prove to the public its value in overcoming the great inadequacy of various sick relief agencies, both of the country and city, caused often by lack of funds, many times unwisely and dishonestly spent. In its co-opera- tion with kindred charities its workers are acknowledged and must be ever valuable agents in helping to place organized charity on the basis where modern effect would put it. The visiting nurse's influence far outlives her actual presence, yet no class of charity workers see so quickly a response to their efforts as a visiting nurse. Daily instruction in habits of cleanliness and hy genie living to people in their own homes must some time bear fruit; and scarce a week goes by that we do not hear from this and that quarter a story illustrating the effects of the personal contact of a woman skilled in this profession which belongs to her by reason of birthright. The need of sick relief work is always apparent. It requires little red tape and not much investigation. If a person is suffering from bodily ill he is immediately -'a case." no matter what condition brought the illness. Can there be any disputing the fact that the poor dying consumptive in his own cottage needs the visit of a nurse to give him clean linen and a bath, as no other than skilled hands could do? or that the poor little child that the county institution sends home because the case is '•chronic'"? or the unfortu- nate woman with malignant cancer that no hospital will admit, need such care? If this system of relief work ministered only to those whom hospitals could not take it would have even then more than ample excuse for existence, but when we find avenues untold for just such service, it must be without question a practical benefaction to the poor. The one established principle of the work is to teach and to preach cleanli- ness and right living in the homes and to help the people bear the burden of caring for their own sick rather than shifting the responsibility to an insti- tution. Five per cent of the cases in one society alone prove that having to care for a sick member of the family, with a nurse's advice and instruction, develops in the well member many a good quality, and places the responsi- bility of caring for their own sick on the right shoulders. The Chicago society stands for the following: First, as an educational factor in teaching the people in their own environment the care of their own sick and the right observance of sanitary laws: second, meeting the great inadequacy of county and eitj 7 institutions, which are intended for indigent sick: and dealing with such cases which no institution provides: and lastly giving the same skilled nursing as the rich may provide for themselves. House to house nursing among the poor began in Germany. Then England took it up. It has been established in America 15 years, but it is only within a period of five years that the work has been generally organized. At pres- ent there are 50 associations in America employing about 140 nurses. The women employed are graduates of the larg-e nursing schools. In most in- stances the society is one of the organized charities of the city, though fre- quently the funds are contributed by a special club or circle. The same principle applies to the work in the visiting nurse system as in every other branch of organized charity. None but the best trained and well-paid people should go into the field. It is the last place where make- shifts should be found. I believe that voluntary service may be good service in some instances, but not in dealing with the morals and physical ills of unfortunate humanity. The management of the business and financial aid may be left to voluntary service, but the active workers should be taken from the ranks of those skilled not only in nursing, but in the practical work which goes for the all-round social betterment of the people. 340 In most organizations the visits of the nurse aver eight to 12 in <>ii<- day, varying from b half hour t<> two hours each. A historj of a typical day in a large society may not be amiss. The first visit in a dying consump- tive, where :i bath :inf health; ar- t.. send patient to hospital; two hours work required; maternity case, bathed mother and baby; received 10 cents for services: seventh, took temper- ature and ; .■ i yphoid; arranged to send patient to country; eighth, bath to mother and daughter both ill with consumption; new case; reported to board of health: ninth, very sick babe; gave bath, furnished milk ;in tin- nurse, of practical benefit to the patients and of infinite credit t<> the supporters of the work who made it possible that the relief may be given? For the past ten years it has been clearly shown thai the district visiting nurse work is the l -est means at the smallesl cosl of helping the conditions of the poor, sick or well. Hospitals d uch good, but after all they offer but outside methods of education. It is by reaching the people in their own homes and teaching them to utilize and make the best of what they have that lasting good may be accomplished. In presenting the work- of the charitable nursing service. I must l>c par- doned for seeming to cry my own wans, for this work perhaps appeals to its active workers as to no one else. The Laity have only a vague idea of what the work is. for we have nothing tangible to show the public w ho contribute to its support . no spacious hospitals surrounded with beautiful grounds thai the patients never see; no beautiful furnished rooms in this or thai institu- tion, too handsome to be used by poor little John, the helpless paralytic from the little back basement rooms, whose only window- looks on a garbage box; no white iron beds in the clean, well-furnished wards of a hospital where 1 ■ Mrs. B. mayhaps finds temporary care, only to be removed again to her own filthy surroundings, physically helped maybe, i>ut not with lasting good resulting, had the care been given to her in her own environment. Hospitals may be godsends to the people of the certain classes, and in answer to the question, Do they give better and more adequate service'. 1 1 answer. Yes, to the people who do in, t need teaching; imt to the poor there is only one place to instruct and preach the law of health, and that is in their own surround- ings. We are constantly crying thai the home element Is the basis of mor- ality; and so this system of visiting nursing is making an efforl to deal with the less fortunate in their own homes, and teaching the responsibility Of one member of the family to the other, while giving practical lessons in cleanli- ness and care to their own surroundings; who make it possible that Mrs. i:.. who is ill. may reinainat home. to keep together her family of little ones, and thai the father may still continue his day's labor? This system of visiting nursing; if this case should go to the hospital, the children to an institution. ami the husband, perhaps, to a saloon, who is responsible for the wrongdone l>\ even temporary dissolution of this family'.' I would not belittle hospitals. They are the greatest institutions of the day. i>ut they do nol and can not give care to all cases. Consumption, cancer, rheumatism, paralysis, all need ind yel t her.- are not institutions enough for all these physical ailments. Who steps in to relieve the inadequacy? This same comparatively unknown visit in;-- nurse, whose teaching helps the people to demand of their landlords better housing. Vnd so, indirectly, the visiting nurses help to solve the ten- ement lions,- problem, bj arousing the poor themselves to ask for better quarters, and thus force the landlords to build better living places. The public will search long before it will find so Large a return for the money which it invests as in helping to semi into the destitute homes ol any locality. '•«'•■ days in the year, a corps of trained nurses to give th< sain, skilled care that the rich may provide for themselves. Manx people say, why not give your revenue to a hospital, ami let them give the care? What insti- tution gives nursing and medical care, surgical dressings and medicine for the sum of not quite '■" cents tor th.- year tor each case? Last year the in- come of the Chicago association was nol quite 817.000 and the cases cared for numbered 5.915. Seven eighths of these cases would not have been taken in any hospitals; for the remainder, there was no room. Without the visiting nurses, practically all these people would nave been without care in illness. if this were the only good resulting'. The system is non-sectarian. Roman Catholic. Protestants, Jews and Gentiles are all beneficiaries, and I may be pardoned when I say that 1 think we stand to the poor in their bodily ills as the splendid Salvation Army does to them in their spiritual ills. Sects and creeds do not limit their field, and they reach the people that many times tin- church does not. So with the visiting nurses, they care for the cases hos- pitals will not admit, and they have no harriers of race or creed. 'The work of the Visiting Nurse Association." says the Chicago Chronicle "is a living band between poverty and good fortune, between humanity and thousands of its members who otherwise would be liable to add to the ever-increasing mass of worse than poverty in a great city. Its sole object is the free scientific nursing of the sick poor and their aid in recovering not only health, but cour- age, self-respect and self-support. Thus it also constantly contributes to diminishing the calls upon charity in other directions." The people who live on •Easy" street have an obligation toward the sick poor of their city, living in homes of squalor, mayhaps only a short ride from their door: not only perhaps from the humane standpoint but in every avenue they open up to help people to better and more healthful living they lessen to that extent the menance to their own dear ones. We urge every city to prove by actual demonstration the service rendered by these nurses. Try it for a year and if does not give back double the effort made then you will be the first society to have tried it and failed. The greatest commendation the work can possibly have is that on its list of adverse critics we have yet to find the complaint of a single person who has been cared for. The purpose is reached, then, when we have pleased the people for whose benefit we are organized. The work of visiting nursing has taken new impetus throughout the coun- try and many of the 3 T ounger societies have been inspired by the good work of the Chicago association. The visiting nurses in Chicago are now putting forth plans to call the at- tention of the public to the great need of taking some organized step in a tuberculosis crusade, as other cities have done. The new cases of consump- tion number 226 in one year. Of the 337 deaths 60 were due to this disease. The condition under which these people live, ignorant of the infectious char- acter of their ailment, menaces every individual with whom they come in contact. Day after day the visiting nurses find these poor unfortunates, and many a tale of woe they could tell. Few- of the cases reported know nothing of the nature of their disease. One man living alone, when reported to us. had been accustomed to spitting wherever he happened to be sitting. Liter- ally everything in the room was covered with the sputa. The milk man who came to him every morning broug-ht a bottle of milk and took away the empty one covered with germs left standing in the sink, where the patient was apt to expectorate at any time. When the nurse had talked to the man it was proven that he had not realized that he had a communicable disease. This man's soiled bedding, clothing, etc.. was taken by a general laundry and washed with other clothes without any idea that disinfection was neces- sary. The man's room Was thoroughly cleaned, the filthy bedding burned and new things provided, and every attempt made to see that the patient carried out the instruction to prevent a further spread of contagion, hut it was not adequate service after all. Another case was of a young man with tuberculosis of the lung and hip as well. He had been changing Ins own dressings, being able to get about. The old dressing had been thrown in a corner to lie for days. The dressing is now done by the nurse, and every possible precaution is taken, and instruction is taken and given. Another case is a young German widow. When found was sleeping with her chil- dren, three beautiful little ones. This was not from ignorance, hut from necessity. They had but one bed. A separate bed has been provided for the children (new and clean). I cite these cast's to show, after all. how far short we come from real interest in the sanitary welfare of our city. If these 342 were smallpox they would be oul and immediately isolated, but when every evidence "f this greal white plague is right in "in- midsl we dally ami deliberate what to do, and < t « - ; 1 1 1 1 and infection still goes on. Many people may discuss thi-. situation in a vague soil of way. They know from public statistics that consumption claims bo many victims every year, but the ezad state of affairs they cannot conceive. The visiting nurses do not guess at these things; they know from actual experience the exact condition that ts, that 226 people (and how small a portion this is of the cases that ire suffering with this disease. They are trying as best they can to alleviate the condition, but after all their effort is but a < 1 r< >j » in the buckel compared to the real Deeds of the situation. They have nursed, cared for and instructed the cases that have come t" them, but the Mate and city should stand sponsor in a public way f<>r a war against the spread <>f this disease, and the furthering of plans for giving adequate care to those already afflicted. Within the year Peoria and Moline have established the visiting nurse work and are already loud in their praises of the system, It is hoped other towns in Illinois will do so in the near future. In England the Queen's Jubilee Fund supports over 900 nurses, lu Canada the Victoria Order supports sev- eral hundred. In America the work is not s<> widespread, hut we are slowly growing, and in the distant future we see a Visiting Nurse Association of America, and we in Illinois hope to be promoters of the movement, and we trusl Quincy will not be wanting when the time comes. Two things inci- dental to our work in Chicago were accomplished last year. We formed what we call a Visiting Nurse 'lean < Jity League for hoys and girls. The rules wen- few, but we interested over 3,000 children in helping to make a clean city. The other work accomplished was the visiting nurse going weekly t<> the 275 public schools. Here -lie secured names of children absent from school on account of illness and followed the case to the home. The result is thai now every principal of the city sel Is is in close touch with our work, and the outcome will probably be that the board of education and department of health will probably employ a regular corps of nurses for this purposes as they do in New York. .\» ping President Mr. Lies will now read the paper prepared by him "it "Conntrj Outings Eor ( 'it j Children." < oi \ i i:t Out CNG8 ROB ClTl I nil l>i;i s. H\ I . •■ ■ I Lies, District Superintendent Chicago Bureau of Charil It has been well said that this is the children's age. ur shame over it all is Leading to Legal restriction, and exhortation and denunciation of the chief ma let actors. Besides paying at- tention to this phase of the problem ol environment we are coming also more and more to see that the homes of the poor in large cities, in their material elements musl be the concern of Legislator and philanthrophist. Recognizing that everj human being, and especially the child, has certain inalienable rights, such as plenty of air ami light, B place for outdoor rccreatioh. cleanli- 343 ness <>f surrounding's, and cognizanl of their denial often of these simple rights we make laws for better housing conditions, provide public play grounds, parks and bathing places. So. also, wise charity, seeing the ever-increasing crowding of the people in Large cities and the consequent covering of the ground with buildings build- ings everywhere — shutting out the cooling and purifying breezes, displacing nature in the large and in little, wise charity. I say. comes to the rescue with succoring substitutes. It observes that without green growing life to fasci nate it. robbed of the raptures over the beauty of flowers, deprived of the mental uplift which comes from the sight of waving grain and swaying corn, child life is bereft of fine molding influences and the loss is a must serious one. The result of a lack of these experiences must show itself in later life. for it is almost a trite saying that the impressions of childhood become the expressions of manhood, (.live the child a rich and varied young life and you need not worry about his future. The motive for the country outing movement lies just here. 11 is to sub- stitute for dreary surroundings, cheerful sights: for cramped quarters, stretches of green fields; for sad-colored experiences, rosehued delights! While other cities have done more or less of this work it is probably true that Chicago is doing more than any other one city in the particular way in which it is doing it. And in Chicago the Bureau of Charities has of late years been the most extensive benefactor in this line. In 1901 the Ditihi News joined forces with the bureau, and since then the two agencies have worked together. Some churches and some settlements have conducted independent efforts in the way of camps in country localities, but they have aimed in meeting the needs of only special classes, while the bureau has spread its favors to the poor in all parts of the city. As far as possible duplications among the beneficiaries of the different agencies has been avoided. True, four weeks instead of two in the country would hurt no child, but the long waiting list of those who at any particular time in the hot summer had not yet had the two weeks* taste of the good things has to be considered. Even so, at the end of each outing season there are many hundreds of keenly dis- appointed ones who did not get away. The Bureau of Charities" camp and one day outings which were conducted in the city and suburbs, extensive as they have been, it is not my purpose to enlarge upon. Suffice it to say that in 1902. 1.363 mothers and children were given one week of life in tents, while in 1903. 1.934 were given such a treat, an increase of 44 per cent. Of day outings to park and country places. 7,375 were given in 1902 and 7. 152 in 1903. a decrease of 3 per cent. As to the country outings proper let me first give the figures, then pass on to the methods by which the work was successfully accomplished, and finally dwell upon the results of it all in the different classes it has affected. During the past summer from July 4 to Aug. 24, 3,365 children were sent out for a two weeks' slay each. These went to 168 different towns. Largely in Illinois. Indiana and Wisconsin, and mostly in groups, an average of 20 to a group. Some towns took small numbers, others larg-e. one taking as many as 170 children. Nineteen hundred three was the banner summer for country outing work. As a matter of comparison it maybe well to state that in L902, 3.014 children were sent to 95 different towns, an average of 31 to the party. It is to be noted that in 1903. 73 more towns took children than in 1902. show- ing that interest in the work is spreading. It is also worth observing that the average number in the parties was smaller this past summer than in the summer before, a result due to the conscious effort of the managers. For they had learned from experience that one condition upon which rested the likelihood of a town's future activity in the movement was that it be not overburdened in a previous season. One hundred fifty of the 3,365 children sent out went to the same homes in which they had been entertained before, and this upon direct invitation of the hosts themselves. This is something that is always encouraged, as it leads to a strengthening of friendships, and just so many desirable links are being more and more strongly forged between city and country. To carry on this extensive work a certain amount of machinery and equip- ment is of course found necessary. The Daily News does a large part of the publicity work, arousing the public to the need of the movement, and urging 344 it t.. grab deep into it- purse and help, the Bureau attending to the adminis- trative side. The money cost of all the outing work in 1003 was approxi- Bul only a small pari of this was charged to the country work alone. In the latter item enters only the Living expenses of the ad- vance agents, printed matter :uiul. Early in the spring applications begin t.) conn- in from the young ougta they know thai oobody is sent away until after July i. Firsl come, Brsl served, thej think. Record cards are kepi of all applications, and in the latter pari of Maj the Bureau workers investigate all except such as come from families already well known, to Learn where the need of outings is greatest II ■ conditions, earnings and health of applicants are taken into consideration. Many names are also senl in by school principals, in all [0,000 lasl summer by settlement workers, doctors in tin- poor neighborhoods, ami others. Tin- ages of those senl out range from 6 to li years. \ days before the time the child is to go away it is brought before a doctor to be examined for signs of i tagious disease and vermin. If either an- found the child cannot go until tree from them. But if all is well, in- structions are senl to the mother to bathe the child thoroughly, put it into ii clothing and give it a change to take along, so that when the party is assembled ready tor the train yon have aboul a- neat an aggregation <»f young citizens a- you would and in any Sunday school. Mothers have been known to stay up all nighl in order to finish a new little garment for Mary or James, others to have pul in extra time at the wash tub to earn enough for some little article of clothing to embellish the son or daughter. Is it blameworthy pride? Hut this tine sanitary and esthetic condition often brings sadness to those in charge of the work, for the unknowing country hosl sends in a c. miplaint that these are not children from the slum (with a Large S). They are too clean! Where are these children going? To private home-, most of them, in country towns and on farms where they have been invited to come. These places have been secured in this way. Aboul the middle of June two agents start out to visit towns within a radius of about L50 miles from Chicago. Their work is i -ganize local committees of representative citizens, whose duty it will be to canvass town and country round about for homes into which the children will be received, one, two or three in each. A list of the hosts is can fully made up. with number of children for each, and preferenc- es a- to sex, age and sometimes religion anil nationality indicated. This is -cut to the Bureau headquarters and from it assignments of children are made. Definite arrangements as to the exact two weeks period during which the children can he entertained and the exact train on which they will come an- made. The hosts arc instructed by the local committee to he at the depot at the proper time, and the committee is there to distribute as per list, and with tin- aid of the attendant who has accompanied the party. the happj awe-stricken s,, M s and daughters. Most of the children, as has been stated. gx> into private homes, imt during the last summer eight] were entertained in groups, either in tents or suitable vacant buildings fitted up ■ ifortablj tor tin- purpose. Five towns engaged in this sort of effort Some who maintained these groups were such as could not or would not take children into their homes. The Signs are that in the future this phase of the work will grow. Mreadj plans are on foot in one town to establish a camp on tin- hanks of a beautiful river, to run from June 1st to July L5. \n association which owns a park there has given the use of it for this purpose and will raise i ie\ for maintenance. Here in this beautiful Location aboul one hundred ami fifty mothers ami children a1 a time will be given two outings, the groups being changed each fortnight. Some of the experiences of the advance agen I arc probably worth while relating. In his efforts to gel together a committee that will mix well and do effective work, not knowing the lay of the kind he must get cues from 345 those who ought to know, editors, postmasters and others, and these often lead him a merry chase. Among those recommended are officers of a foreign missionery society, perhaps, "because most of the slum children are foreigners, you know:"' or ladies of Leisure with fine home who. when approached, are horrified at the idea of allowing- tenement children to sleep in their nice. clean beds. They will have none of it. Or the way may perchance be pointed to a good woman who gives a thousand dollars a year to missions in heathen lands, yet who declares that "No matter what yon do for the poor, they don't appreciate it:" or it may he a minister who refuses to encourage his members to take part in the movement because they are too busy pre- paring for a Sunday school picnic: or it may he another minister who by his attitude shows he is afraid to ask any self-denying task of his parishioners. On the other hand, in most communities it is found that by putting the ap- peal for helpers in the cause on a high philanthropic basis the response is in kind. One gets the right persons. Explain frankly that there is work to do that will take time, courage, exertion, in short, will mean sacrifice, and in nine cases out of ten you land your man. It is along this line that the ad- vance ag'ent has made his appeal during the past summer. He has also been making it a point to bring home to those he is trying- to influence the fact that the country, without any problems of the poor, of crowding, of the slums, of unsanitary dwelling's, ought to consider it a duty if not a Lofty privilege to help solve even in small part these problems which press with well nigh crushing weight upon the city. Many a minister has welcomed the extension of the work among his people as his fine opportunity to get them out of their staid selfishness and placid contentment. To such an ex- tent are some ministers interested as to be willing to give up a whole Sun- day service to a consideration of the subject and allow the agent his own time in stating his ease. Working in this same spirit among fellow townsman the committees have had greasest success. They have been told to be free in their admis- sions that those who take children in their homes may he undertaking an unpleasant task, may experience the pain of inappreciation of their efforts, may get a case of homesickness to treat, perhaps be shocked by a wild and headstrong lad who will always persist in doing the other thing, or perchance find a creeping thing- where before the child's coining there was none. The good houseman and housewife are warned of it all. Then cruickly the shield is turned and they are asked to look at the other side. They usually sur- render. If any unpleasant thing does happen they are fortified to hear it and their friendship for the cause is not lost. Upon such philosophy the Bureau of Charities bases its hope for the permanence of the county outing move- ment. The item of transportation expense for these 3.365 children must have been a large one. you think. It was not, however. The persuasive powers of the bureau's general superintendent were strong enough to melt the hearts of the railroad magnates, with the result that all the roads running into the farming districts within a hundred and fifty mile radius from Chicago have done nobly about all that was asked of them, and with absolutely no charge for their services. Only one restriction, and that on the score of safety, have they placed upon the management this last season, and that was that the size of parties must not run above forty children. More than that schedule for any one town have had to be sent in seperate sections. It has meant more work for those in charge, but they were willing to assume it to satisfy these loyal allies. Now as to results. What is the residue? Is the movement one that has given only fleeting pleasures to the children, one that has hut tickled them -with brief periods of fun and simply offered opportunity to vent wild animal spirits'? To those who have had most to do with its management and have carefully reflected upon the subject the results appear eminently more im- portant. True, pleasure in plenty there has been for the little ones. But let me point out other things that have followed as results, not only in tin- children, but in those who have been active in its administration, in the general public, and in the country people. 346 The administrative workers have Learned, first of all, the vital need of promptness. Ti and tide wail for do man, neither do trains excepl for tin- man with the million, ami who can charge such a thing against an organ- ized charity worker? These have hail also to educate to some extenl in this desirahle quality all tin- families whose children were send all those kind country people who were willing to share their goods with the children of the | r. who were ready to sutler inconveniences, tolerate things ■ it a disagreeable nature, all for the sake of the children's happiness and pro- tit, still one is mindful of the adage, "'The quality of mercy is twice blessed it blesseth him that gives and him that takes," and it is indeed only fair to assume that the givers here had benefits of great price as a result of their charity. Besides the spiritual elation always resultant upon a sincere altru- istic act which all of tin- hosts must have experienced, they derived educa- tional advantages ot i nan worth. Through the appeals made to them and through t heir association with 1 he victims themselves, scales were re- moved from their eyes, revealing conditions of city life to which nothing in their own BUITOUndingS offered a parallel. Their visiis to the city, always in the business section or in the park-, hail never brought them ill sight of the homes of the submerged tenth. Their reading about these things was always probably with the mind anxious to shrink away from the reality and with the sini^r feeling of gladness that they wen- so comfortably fixed. But here iii this little child for whom their pity went out they found an emissary from the other world ami learned much. I'min what they learned, many of them we have reason to know have been led to look more deeply into the problems of t he city ami by reason of their freedom from them their own communities have been provoked into a consideration of their responsibility for the solution of those problems. The next step with many, there:' must he a deeper feeling of the I irot hcrhoo, i toward distressed humanity ami insequent wholesome loss of thai provincialism s,, closely allied to rank selfishness. Then. too. the tine opportunity arising out of their intimate re- lationship with the children, tor exerting stroiiL r influence over the inner nature of the child is one that ha- been considered by many a greal personal privilege. Many a g I man and woman among the hosts ha- for several re kept iii touch with the children they once cut ert ained and havecoii- i\ striven to aid in their development towards men and women. 347 A notable case is on record of how two individuals, man and wife, in a country town, were sy effectively aroused out of their own narrow interests when confronted with the needs of the city children as to stir them with a missionary zeal for the cause. They were officials of an organization of sev- eral hundred persons interested in physic culture. They perceived that the deliberations and activities of its members were Leading them into danger- ously egotistic habits of thought and life. They conceived it their duty to change things. In the outing work they saw their opportunity. Their en- deavors resulted so successfully as to lead this organization to do what has been already mentioned in another part of the paper: give up its camp grounds for six weeks during the summer and aid in the raising money for the entertainment of probably more than 600 mothers and children. Besides the positive benefits mentioned, our country allies have received a noteworthy negative good in the disillusionment of their idea of the nature of the city child. Many have supposed he was a peculiar species of humanity marked with a dire Satanic tendency. While they have discovered that some have been tainted by evil environment and bad heredity and need strong direction, still it is a fact that they find most of these outing children fairly normal; morally of a dual nature, good and bad. that need to be molded, just as their own offspring need it. The discovei - y is a wholesome one for all concerned. It lends another aid towards the unification of mankind. Finally, and the most important of all. are the results in the children. At first thought we are apt to consider the physical benefits the only ones. The increase of health with its attendant exhiliration of spirit is certainly real. The blanched, peaked faces are made rosy and round: the lagging frame does gain strength and firmness. But the educational and spiritual goods are no less plain. Here is a child who for the first time has seen a cow and has learned that milk is its product and not that of the milk wagon. Here is another who comes back telling all about how wheat grows, how it is gathered, thi-eshed. transported to elevators and thence by cars to the city. He has seen it all. There is another who has dug potatoes, picked apples, shocked corn — all wonderful experience to him. No longer are these things flimsy conceptions merely gathered from school books. They have lieeome pari of the appreciative mass, as the psychologists would say, of the children. Upon them will they build. They relate their wonder tales to the compan- ions at home, and the desire for contact with nature spreads. In school many a teacher has. for the benefit of a whole class, made good xase of the first- hand information of these children to bring zest to the natural history, read- ing and geography lessons. Then there is the girl who for the tirst time has learned that tablecloth and napkins are a necessary part of civilized life. She has returned with a desire to incorporate these things into her own home. She has learned something new about many household arts and signs of her experience will later crop out in everyday life. All of us in childhood have probably experienced the keen curiosity to get inside of somebody else's home to see how things were there. That curiosity led to ravenous grasping of impressions, and when that home was one in which goodness, cleanliness, order, and probably culture abounded, oureduca- tion was measurably extended. So with these fresh air children. Only in their case, because of the long anticipation of the experience and the height- ening effect of distance from their own home, the impression must atVect them far more deeply. The mere contact with a form of existence thai is peaceful, unrushing, un- disturbed by the money-mad chase of city life is a tonic worth more than gold. Consider, too, the inevitable spiritual gain that must come to that child whose home is perpetually saddened by worry over to-morrows" bread and butter or whose parental guidance comes from a drinking father and over- worked, cross mother, when it enters a home where all is different. Here is a motherly woman who extends such a warmth of affection to this child as to make it believe it has struck heaven itself. And imagine two weeks of such an existence! That child is going hack home with a bright Light, and may be the means of Leading father and mother into a new" Life. 348 (»ut nf it all have come in many the longing for continuous country life-. which may Later prompt them to desert the city and cl se agricultural pur- suits, a consummation devoutly to be wished; and in others an ambition to create about their own homes something of the environment they became fas- cinated with in the country. Here anxl there I have seen pitiful attempts at den making on the part of fresh-air children, but even if from a lofty esthetic standpoint there was Little in the resull to boast <>f. -till the spirit behind such an effort is certainly one t" he- praised, in one part of < hi. from \\ ) i i i-li many children were Bent out last summer a well organized effort on the part of a band of charity workers t" build on tin- experiences of the children will be made this winter and next Bpring. It is intended to form groups for the cultivation of further interest in plant lit'.- which it is hoped will Lead to the making of gardens aboul the children's homes. To me this -.-.•ins Like a sane and much to be ei uraged effort. Its pedagogical method rtainly g I. Were the Bureau of Charities forced to relinquish any one of its various ac- tivities that one, I am certain, would not be its country outing work. The reasons are apparent from all that 1 have said. But to summarize: i. [ts be- neficent results are so far-reaching beyond the children themselves. B< cause of its nature it is one Sunday school this morning and after thai 1 went to church. 1 am going to an animal show Tuesday and I live in town. 1 Live with another boy whose name is Andrew Benson. I sleep with him. I went to too picnics since 1 have been \\r]\\ One was for the fresh air children and the other was for the Sunday school. We bad a very nice time at the picnics. Well Mr. hies 1 thank you very much tor sending me out here. I have my health and is feeling well. From your friend Julius." Here is one that is impressive in its simplicity and that might do greal g ! for Chicago were it printed in letters a fool Long and sent 'to all our city officials: "Dear Miss It. — I arrived safely at M. Crass is everywhere. It seems so good to get away from the old dusty city. Tin having a tine time. 1 am very thankful for you sending me here and I hope you are well, [could tell the diffrentS of the air as soon as I got out of the city. My love to all." Not all of the children have the facility of language to express their grati- tude for all of the good things experienced while away from home. But if they could say what they wished all would undoubtedly voice the following prayer, uttered during family worship, in which one lad. who some day will he a poet if he is not one already, showed his soil! in this strain: "0 Lord, we thank you for the trees and the leaves on 'em. for the birds and the flowers and the green grass and that we can walk on it. and for the fresh air, good and plenty out here. Amen." Is such thanks not a sufficient reward to all who have had anything to do with Chicago's country outing work? I 'pnn motion of a delegate the Conference decided to continue with the program of the afternoon. Mr. John J. Sloan. Chairman of the Committee on Organization, made the following report: Your Committee on Organization respectfully recommend that in its opinion the sessions are too long and too much of a tax on the time of the delegates. and have accordingly prepared a program for a conference to start one evening and to complete its work the following one. which would mean one day and two nights, or four sessions. It recommends that the position of president be declared vacant and that a complete set of officers to hold office for one year be elected, and respectfully submits the following names: John A. Brown, Decatur, President; Miss Hannah li. Clark. Galesburg, Mrs. Ella W. Rainey. Carrollton, Mrs. Emma Quinlan, Chicago. Vice Presidents; Frank D. Whipp, Springfield. Secretary. The following committees were recommended: Committee mi Work Being Done for Children — Hastings II. Hart. LL. D.. chairman. Chicago: Mrs. Harriet VandeVaart. Chicago: Mrs. Jennie Water- house, Peoria: Col. Henry Davis. Springfield: Miss LulaHuppers, Beardstown; Miss Eleanor Tohie. Quincy; Edward Rubovits, Chicago: Edgar T. Davies, Chicago: Ed. F. Bradley. Allondale: Mrs. R. N. MeCauley, Normal: Rev. Ed. Kelley. Chicago. Committee on Juvenile Court Work — J. J. McManaman, chairman. Chicago; Hon. Geo. W. Murray. Springfield: lion. R. S. Tuthill. Chicago: Hon. T. C. Mac.Millan. Chicago: Nelson W. McLain, St. Charles: Mrs. Nannie M. Dunkin, Bloomington: Walter L. Cosper. Peoria. Committn nil I'nrc uf Kjiilcptics — Dr. V. H. Podstata. chairman. Dunning: Miss Julia C. Lathrop, Rockford: Hon. Ephriam Banning, Chicago: Dr. 1". S. Whitman. Elgin: Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, Chicago: Dr. W. II. C. Smith. Godfrey; Major .1. E. K. Herrick, Springfield. Committee on ('arc of Tuberculosis Poor — Dr. Ceo. W. Webster, chairman. Chicago: Dr. M. I). Baker. Anna: Hon. Ensley Moore. Jacksonville: Dr. A. L. Converse. Springfield: Dr. Rhoda Galloway Yolton, Bloomington; *George W. Curtiss. Freeport: Dr. II. M. Thomas. Chicago: Miss Harriet Fulmer. Chicago. Committee on County Charitable and Correctional Work -Rev. I'. Emory Lyon, chairman. Chicago: Miss Mary P. Roberts, Jacksonville; Dr. Wm. Jayne, Springfield: <»scar L. Dudley. Glenwood; Miss Esther Mercer, Chicago; Charles host. Joliet; R. A. Karr. Bloomington. *Deceased. 350 Commute* ••" Woman /.'■ I i m'i.w. and < 'an o) Feeble-Minded Fen Mrs. Geo. M. Moulton, chairman. < hicago, Mrs. Ophelia L. Ami^h. Geneva; Dr. C. B. Taylor. Lincoln; Mrs. Martha Falconer, Chicago; Mrs. Win. II. Reid, Chicago; Hon. Ula R. Dow, Geneva; Hon. \. B. Wright, Woodstock. I pon motion of ;i delegate the above report was adopted. Mr. Henry Davis, of Springfield Mr. President: Your committee appointed ec1 the time and place for the Ninth Illinois Conference of Charities recommends thai the invitation of the mayor and city council, the presidents of Rockford college and the Ladies' Ai«l society, the superintendent <>f the Humane society, and the secretary of the Rockford Hospital association, all <>f Rockford, Illinois, to hold the nexl session of tin- conference in thai city, be accepted. N our > unittee further recommends thai the date of the meeting be lefl to the decision of the executive committee of the conference. 1 1 1 \ i;\ Davis, ' luiirman. MABl P. ROBl 1:1 8, WaLTEB L. ( OSPl B, ( 'ommttU i on Tiiin and Plao . The above report was unanimously adopted by the conference. Mr. Ernesl P. Bicknell, of Chicago Mr. President: Your Committee on Resolutions begs to report as follows: The Conference desires to record its appreciation of the services and char- acter of the late Dr. J. C. Gordon, who faithfully and with credit to bis State and himself performed the duties of Superintendent of the [llinois School for the Deal for six years. Dr. Gordon was one of the most active members of this Conference, and his participation in its proceedings was always valuable and stimulating. His death at the zenith of his usefulness is deeply regretted. The extensive and intelligent reports of the Conference proceedings by the Quincy Whig and Journal are entitled to generous recognition by all inter- ested in t he meet ings. The thanks of the Conference are due to the Vermont Street M. E. church for the us,- of its beautiful auditorium to those who have furnished music for the meetings, and to the street railway company for courtesies. The ' onference desires to express particular appreciation of the efforts of Miss E. Tobie, Mr. T. J. 'lark ami other members of the local committee who assisted in arranging for the meetings and the entertainment of t hose in attendance upon them: also of the admirable hospitality of Captain and Mrs. Somerville and their assistants at the Mate Soldiers 1 and Sailors' Home and of the Chaddock Hoys Home and School. It is t he sense of t h ,• < o 1 1 f e re nee t h a t the question discussed by Mr. John .1. Sloan and others concerning the grand jury system, namely: "Whether thai Bystem has not outlived its usefulness and become a source of oppres- sion, injustice and unnecessary expense.' is of the utmost importance and thai it should receive further consideration at the meeting of this organiza- tion nexl year. To assure this tin- Executive Committee is requested to ap- point a special committee to report upon the Bubjecl at the Conference of 1904. \s the topics discussed l.y this (onference are of v i t a 1 interest to every sec- tion of Illinois it i^ urged thai each COUnty should he represented at the annual sessions by at last an official delegate, and it is the further sense of the ' onference thai the cost of sending such a delegate is a Legitimate county expense. Resped fully submil ted. Eknksi P. Hihvmii. < 'hairman. < >1 '1 1 1 I I \ \ Mil. II. . i o 1 1 \ \ Brown, i 'I'liunilli i . The above reporl was also unanimously adopted by the Conference. 351 Acting President — In the absence of Mrs. St an wood, Chairman of the Committee on "How May Women's Clubs Promote Efficiency in State and Local Charities,'" Miss Mary P. Roberts of Jacksonville will read a paper on that subject. How May Women's Clubs Promote Efficiency in State am> Local Cii \i:i CIES. i By Miss Mary P. Roberts of Jacksonville.) Last year 425 women's clubs in the country reported to the United States Department of Labor that they were studying - sociology, political economy and philanthropy and were doing practical work in all, or one or two of those subjects. Dr. Jeffrey Brackett of John Hopkins writing last year on educational movements says with regard to philanthropy: The attitude of many earnest and intelligent women among scores of thousands who make up clubs is an important factor in educating public opinion to better use of charitable ac- tivity. He says of Illinois women: The women's clubs of Illinois, number- ing '-'25 or more, and representing some 20.000 members, are. by a large majority, interested in philanthropic work. Many hospitals throughout the State have been founded and supported by the clubs. Jails and poorhouses are receiving- their most earnest attention. Many of them make a study of scientific- philanthropy. The thought that philanthropy means simply giving of aid has long since passed away among their leaders. In Chicago the oldest woman's club is the Chicago Woman's club, and naturally it took the initia- tive in philanthropic work. In 1883 and 1884 this club secured the appoint- ment of women physicians for the care of women patients in the Cook county insane asylum, and also the insane asylum at Kankakee. Then, by sugges- tion of the women, a thorough investigation into the management of county institutions was entered upon by the State Board of Charities, resulting - in many need reforms. Through the same influence the name of detention hos- pital was. in 1887. given to that department of the county jail where patients were awaiting trial, and in 1890 the detention department was moved to the hospital grounds. The first properly fitted and appointed ambulance owned by the citj' of Chicago was a gift from the club. In connection with the Wo- man's Christian Temperance union, the club procured the appointment of matrons in jails and police stations. A jail school was supported and carried on by it for years for the instruction of boys awaiting trial. It proved of such benefit to the boys that the support has been assumed by the county, the club still having the management. Many societies have been an outgrowth of the woman's club. The protective agency for women and children is one of these that has done very efficient work. This society aims to see that justice, as far as possible, is done the unfortunate and weak. This protection is legal as well as moral. There is an office in the downtown district. Pour attendants and an attorney are provided and all cases have immediate and thorough investigation. Through the influence of this club and their friends. $40,000 was raised towards establishing an industrial school for poor boys known as the Glenwood school. Other women's clubs have done some good work. For instance, the first free baths in Chicago were established more than eight years ago by the Mutual Order league, an association of women. The West End Woman's club has just petitioned the common council of the city to place baths in every new school house thai is built. Vacation school- have always received liberal support. The juvenile court bill of Illinois was prepared by men and women together, and they worked together to make it a law of our State. The probation officers' salaries have been paid by the women's clubs. This work is of vast importance to the city <>f Chicago, as it means the saving of many children. Sangamon county. Illinois, is to have a juvenile court, through the influence of the women of Springfield. Many bills pertaining to the care of children have passed the Legislature of Illinois through the influence of club women. The social settlements of Chicago have received their most heart coBperation. All <>f these things hav< one and in->r.- women are informing them- es apoD I which gives promise of their work becoming more and efficient. There are numerous ways in which a woman's club can make itself fell in the st. -it i- .-mil community as a power for good, if it so chooses. The president of such a club musl be a woman who wants her club t" do something for others and who knows ln>\\ to ge\ the members in line. uih presidenl has recently -aid in h< _•: "In its hig the modern club is both educational and philanthropic, bul we believe thai club is destined t.' the greatesl success in which the educational is subser- vienl to the philanthropic" There must be a committee on civics and phil- anthrophy, if nol a department, and 1 1 1 . - i i- Erequenl reports in the business hour wi] keep their work before the whole club and identify every member w it li it. Should there be a bureau of charities in the place the club will > well t«i l>nt itself in touch with it: and if the charities of the town are n<>t organized, perhaps the besl and most helpful thing the club can do would be to bring about such an organization, for then there will be a place to which those desiring help will naturally come or be reported, and records will be kept. I.a>t winter in our city, through the efforts of the women's club and the associated charities, a public meeting was held in the interest of the juvenile court law, addressed by the county judge and chief probation officer of Spring- field. This was followed by the appointmenl of six unpaid probation officers for t he city. While the child labor hill was pending, Mrs. Florence Kelly was brought to tin' city by the club to address ; , public meeting upon the Bubject. Our w en wrote personally to our representatives urging their interest in the bill. After the hill became a law a committee visited every factory in town t.. learn whether any children under fourteen had been discharged upon whom a widowed mother was depending for support; the object being to provide scholarship for such children, equivalent to the amount id' their earning, in order that thet they mighl attend school. This is the plan suggested by tin- national committee on child labor. <>ur committee is also interested in the enforcement of the truancy law. and in the larger towns it will he found that there are children of school age who an- not in school. The chilis can greatly aid in causing these children to at- tend, bj reporting them, when known, to the truant officer. Our committee attended a meeting of the school hoard last spring and re- ported to the directors a list ,,t twelve children who. although they were reported to the truanl officer at various times, had attended school a length of time varying from one day to three weeks. The board voted then to "en- force tin- truant law." This tall we are Looking up and reporting hoys work- ing withoul school certificates and making arrangements for them to attend a pa;, n'e/h! School. The state Committee on Philanthrophy makes tour suggestions for work in the Las1 Federation Year hook, which all clubs desiring to benefil state and local charities will do well to study. In the absence of Mrs. SSadie Grey Cox <>t Hudson, the paper pre- pared l»\ her w.'is read b) .Mrs Porter I'. Heywood »>!' Chicago, as l'i >ll( >W8: Tin Work 01 Women's Clubs in Oeoaxizatiom oi Charities. i I M ■ t Cox of 1 ludson, I I he Woman's ' lub stands for the ministry of culture in the home, in the Bel I and in social life. It should also stand for the highest order of Charity, which we are told h\ the sociologist and h uuia n it a ria n of today. means not -■• heart hut more head. The new tiling aboul charity is its method. The club woman is not giving in the old spasmodic way. hut has introduced a new element of systematic thoroughness. 353 There is in the charitable efforts of most clubs ;i great gulf fixed between the idea] of what their charitable work should be and the actual accomplish- ment of the work, but this does not justify an unfavorable opini f the utility of such work. Women have Learned to unite in order to belp each other. The desire is to give as well as to receive and the next natural step is the desire to belp the brother or sister Living in the same town, it may be in the next street, to conditions that shall give at least a fighting chance for the larger life that we enjoy. It is not so much charity that we need today as it is justice. What is the use of giving a little here and a Little there when, as long as the same conditions exist, the giving is just as necessary the following week or month as it is today? What we club women really need, and an- acquiring by oftentimes painful experiences, is a knowledge of the principles that underlie these conditions. It is the "riddle of the painful earth" seeking solution. And we need courage, the kind of courage so highly prized by Napoleon — "the two o'clock in the morning courage." As chairman of the Philanthropy Committee of the I. P. W. ('.. I had the privilege of reading the reports of the philanthropic work of nearly every club in the State federation. It may interest you to learn that many clubs studying history, literature, art or music, while they are not organized for philanthrophy, are doing work along that line either through organized bureaus or through a special department established for that purpose. The work of woman's clubs in organizing associated charities is heavily fraught with meaning for me. I was present at the meeting of the Hloomington Woman's Club when one of our bright young members stepped upon the ros- trum and pled- for the cooperation of the club in establishing a bureau of associated charities in Bloomington. This cooperation was gladly accorded by the club and a committee named to confer with the officers of the bureau, when such should be chosen, and to solicit members for the organization. I recall vividly how this work was on the women's minds for months, until indeed the bureau was so well established (through the efforts of its presi- dent. Mr. Humphreys, and others, the club women working with them) that it was no longer necessary for the club to put forth its efforts in this direc- tion. The manual training department of the public school is at present re- ceiving aid from the club. The Women's (Tub of Kankakee was also a potent factor in establishing and maintaining the associated charities in that city. I glean this from the report of the philanthropic department sent me last fall. The Springfield and Princeton's Women's clubs are assisting the asso- ciated charities of their respective cities by taking memberships and blocks of stock in the same. Many clubs throughout the State have this statement incorporated in their report: "We dispense our charities through the Bureau of Associated Charities." This is peculiarly true of cities the size of Hloom- ington. Decatur. Springfield, Lincoln, etc.. and also the suburban towns around Chicago. The club women of the State are standing out squarely for the coordinat- ing of public and private charities and are beginning to sec that the special idea id' the associated charities is the lifting of the poor to the plane where they may be enabled to help themselves. They are beginning to see that the helper and the helped must be partners, and with all must be the clasped hand of fraternal love. The "doing that helps is. with the people, among friends: not for the people, among strangers." We have been educated dur- ing the last decade to a better and more business-like method of dispensing charity than obtained prior to this era of club federation. We are not now giving of our means with no positive knowledge id' the good being done and with an indolent indifference if conscience is quieted by the simple giving of the money: but we are investigating all cases requiring charity. Our clubs are working through the bureaus of associated charities more and more as the utility of these organizations is being appreciated. The clubs are main- taining friendly visitors and visiting QUrseS. They are establishing and pro- viding for day nurseries and free kindergart sns. They are looking after the -23 B C 354 delinquent and neglected child. Although it does not come ander the head of tin- topic assigned i" me, I would Like to give yon n brief summary of the philanthropic work accomplished through the influence of the women's clubs in this Mate alone. SI/MM AK1 WORK \ < < < . M CI . I - 1 1 1 1 ■ rilROCGH I 111 IM I i i.n< I OF WOMEN'S CLUBS. Sanitary reforms, Buch as public baths, streel cleaning, waste-paper re- ceptacles, disposal of garbage, school sanitation, free wards for contagious uciety for improving the condition <>f the p ', summer outings, model tenements, model lodging houses, school of domestic science with its lessons on household economy, hygiene and home aursing, rubber-tired covered ambulances for police stations, prison reforms and teaching within its walls, sending oul traveling libraries and pictures in sets for Btudy and for wall decorations, changing vacanl lots into flower and vegetable gardens, children and adults on higher planes physically, mentally, morally and spiritually. Tin ipulsory education law has been mothered by the women and many of the clubs are contributing toward the payment of the probation Officers, The Juvenile Court, so ably presided over by Judge Tuthill, is another im- portanl factor in the bettermenl of • hicago, and few days pass that yon may qoI find club women there aiding and advising. The Protective Agency for Women and Children, founded by women of the club, has ably aided the courts in establishing the innocence of those wrong fully accused, or thai were defrauded by employers or others. The vacation schools were started by club women through Miss Sadie American, and successfully carried on t<. the presenl time by means of a per- manent committee from the different women's clubs. The parental school is a monumenl to Mrs. Aizina P. Stevens, who worked in season and out, and In-r committees drew up tin- letter representing the women's clubs, which was the factor that won at Springfield. The Municipal Art League; made up partly of committees from women's clubs, is the greatesl power today in fighting the smoke nuisance, and is waging bitter warfare on the unsightly bill-boards, ably seconded by the city aut horit ics. The law giving mothers equal rights with the fathers iii their children was obtained by women. Mrs. Catherine Waugh McCulloch, a prominent club woman, being prominent in the matter. Indeed it is almost impossible to think of any g 1 work relating to the bettermenl of women and children, or even in civic, and to a certain extent in matters concerning the country at large, that has not had its inception in the brain and heart of club women. Mrs. Hannah G.Solomon <>f Chicago was n<>t present, bul the following paper prepared l>> ber on "Work of Jewish Women's As- sociations" was read bj Mrs. R. N. McCanley, of Normal: Wokk oi .iiwisii Women's Associations. 1 ■ Mrs. 1 lannah < ;. Solomon, Ch 355 The Council of Jewish Women has as its philanthropic work a summer sewing school. It employed during the pasl summer 90 children, teaching sewing and at the sarne time paying them 25 cents per day for their work". A large airy room in the manual training school is at their disposal. The children are given an outing during the summer at one of the parks. Outside of this work they are affiliated with and contribute to the work undertaken by other clubs. The way in which club women can best assist in the State is to insist upon passing- at the earliest time of a civil service law for all our philanthropic and penal institutions. REPORT of BUREAU OF PERSONAL SERVK E, NINTH WARD. May I. L902, to May 1. 1903. 537 Union Ct., Chicago. The work of the Bureau of Personal Service has been pursued as in the past six years. Progress in improving the district in which 20.000 .lews are living is slow. The city has performed one duty, by placing a park in the most crowded and neglected part. This park will be a recreation ground and will undoubtedly be of the o'reatest good. Attention is called to the re- port of the Hull House committee on typhoid fever investigation since sim- ilar conditions prevail in both districts. The Hureau is interested in the school extension work of the neighborhood. Entertainments have been given at the different schools. An attempt will be made to have the school yards opened during the summer, day and evening - . The report presents only work of the paid employes. No record is kepi of volunteer work. Hannah G. Solomon. President. Minnie F. Low. Superintendent. JUVENILE COURT WORK. New cases i delinquent)— Bovs 30 Girls 10 Girls' Police Court 15 New cases (dependent)— Bovs 20 Girls 23 43 Sessions in Court 152 Children being cared for in homes "n parole l^l Children in institutions temporarily- 62 236 Glenwood Manual Training School for Boys 11 Evanston Industrial School for Girls 12 Chicago Home for the Friendless 6 Home for Jewish Friendless 6 John Worthy School for Boys 10 State Training School for Girls 8 Parental School Frrinff Woman's Refuge Foundlings' Home Visits— To children in their homes 2, 155 To children in schools 112 Special investigations for Juvenile Court 52 Calls on employers, procuring work, and for all special purposes 31 1 Total visits during year 2,938 There has been a perceptible improvement in juvenile criminality during this, the second year of our work- for children. Not only has there been a marked decrease in the number of offenders, but the nature of the crimes committed has been much less serious than heretofore. Of the forty new de- linquents brought before the Juvenile Court only thirty were boys, as com- 356 pared t<> more than one hundred Last year. Of these thirty several Bhould not have been prosecuted, but, sa an overzealous officer or a vindictive neighbor can drag a child into court upon the Blightesl pretext. During the first year "f our work ;ill members of organized gangs and ha- bitual offenders were paroled to the probation officers npon the expiration of their terms al the John Worthy School. It would hardly seem credible to the unversed thai young children could be guilty of the acts with which some of these boys were charged. Their evil «1«-<-.k. in many instances, were but the natural consequence of overactive child-life unrestrained by any moral in- fluences. The probation system is now filling the gap from both a moral and an educal ional point of - \- some of the offenders were arrested and re-arrested the first year, tin- work of reformation seemed at times almost hopeless. But by persistent ef- fort in behalf of the children, and awakening in parents a consciousm their responsibilities, it can be safely said that organized crime among child- ren has been suspended. In pursuading families to move from the district, thus separating boys from their old-time companions, bringing them into contact with a better element, putting them into new bcI is, and giving them a chance under more favor- able environments, habitual offenders have almost invariably improved. There is always hope in Loing not only reformative, l>ut formative, work as well with boys under twelve years of age. Between the ages of twelve and fourteen tin ncern is much greater, and in the majority of cases where t»oys arc over fourteen years and have been on the downward path for a num- • years, the probation Bystem is not effective. Such hoys ordinarily drift from bad to worse until they are committed to the Mate Reformatory at Pontiac. But the younger hoys from eight to twelve years of age, equally daring in their aets of Lawlessness, ordinarily yield to persistent care and friendly ad- viee. ii is, therefore, apparent that the greal Baving power of the Juvenile 1 our! is to reach the children as young as possible. The following case is Cited to more fulbj demonstrate this theory: K. 1!.. aged eleven years, was an habitual truant. His mother seldom knew his whereabouts by day al times not by night. Be was a cigarette fiend; stole from the stands in the district: was ;i deft shoplifter in downtown stores and was only too often 1 1 bject of repeated complaints by mothers in the neigh- bor!] I. whose Little boys he instructed in evil ways. Be was arrested half a dozen times during the year. \t one time the Bureau sent him into the country in the hope thai he would remain there with relatives, and be thus removed from the temptations of a Large city. Be ret urned after three weeks. His father, who had been Living in 'Toronto for more than a year, was in- duced to have the hoy go there. This was accomplished, however, only after serious objections on the part of the father, who kept the boy jusl three months and then sent him back again. lie could not control him. He had been senl to the John Worthy school one.-, bul released almost immediately on the plea Of 1 ■ health. lie was recommitted when the patience id' the c -t and tin- probation officer had hen exhausted. When the father Learned that the boy hail been committed and thai the mother could not succeed in having him released, he came hack from Toronto to live with his family. I>cs|>itc the fact that politicians were sent to court: that attorneys were hind ami every possible influence was broughl to bear upon the judge, he st I i.\ the probation officer in her demand that the par cuts move t r -. • i ■ i the district and give the hoy a chance under more favorahle conditions. Although his release was steadfastly refused, it took three months to tire out the parents and educate them up to the idea of Leaving the neighborhood. 'This was finally accomplished. Since then both parents have given the probati IHcer their supporl Ln taking daily and unremitting care of the boy. 1 1<- entered the public school of his district last fall, has not been absenl the entire term, and is being granted special privileges by his teacher, not only to encourage him, but because she says the change forthe hit- ter in his conduct has i ice 1 1 marvelous, lie never plays outside the block upon which he lives, does not meet his ..Id time companions, and refuses to go to the district when- he formerly resided. Owing to illness on the part of the 357 mother she asked the boy to do some marketing for her on Jefferson street. Ho refused on the ground that In* mighl meel one of his old friends and be tempted to do wrong. The child was. after all, wiser than the mother who was his guardian. The reformation of this boy puts an encouraging aspect on all work done in behalf of the younger children. It is an apparent fact that there are no houses of bad repute in the Wes1 Side district. Although there are quite a number of girls who sacrifice their virtue during the course of a year, to outside appearances the morality among them is go< id. Considerable difficulty is experienced in apprehending a girl. If a boy Commits an offense it is usually against a second party, and it is the injured party who prosecutes, thus ordinarily bringing the matter before the public. But when a girl sins against herself she has no accuser. Often when parents do find out the true state of affairs they shield the reputation of the girl where they would not hesitate to prosecute a boy. So ii is ordinarily through an arrest, or some peculiar chain of circumstances that the proba- tion officer hears of the downfall of a girl. Of the twenty-five girls resetted this year, the following dispositions have been made. Living with relatives or friends 8 State Train in ar School for Girls ."> Krring Woman's Refuge 2 Foundlings' Home 2 Insane Asylum 2 The remaining six girls were married after living at home for a time. Girls in institutions are ultimately to be cared for by probation officers. One man was prosecuted and sent to the penitentiary on the indeterminate sentence. Two yoimg men are at Pontiac and two are in the county jail. A probation officer from each district is in court during every session. She is expected to represent the interests of children at the hearing, is consulted with regard to all releases from correctional or dependent institutions, is often asked to file petitions, and her presence at court is essential. It is again stated that the probation officer makes no arrests, nor does she seek the privilege of arresting children. To the Illinois Manual Training School Farm at Glenwood, and the Illinois Industrial School at Evanston special thanks are due for their kind attitude towards the Jewish children. Glenwood has thirty-two Jewish boys, four- teen of whom were committed from the bureau district this year. All come from poor homes: some are incorrigible, yet not criminal in tendency, but would be bound to become so if not taken off the streets. They are doing splendidly under the kind yet firm discipline of this school. A number of boys have been at Glenwood for three years and more. At the requesl of the bureau they are not sent into homes, because none have been found so far among people of their own faith. Twelve Jewish girls are living at the Evanston Industrial School for Girls. They are all extremely happy. No girl in which the bureau is interested has ever been refused. Some of these girls are in the first stages of incorrigi- bility; others are clearly dependent. LEGAL AID. Original investigations for legal aid 150 Subsequent visits to applicants, looking up evidence, consultations with attorneys, etc . . 382 Police Courts- Visits H-- Cases 98 Justice Courts- Visits 27 Cases 20 358 County Court— io " Or. ^ Criminal Court Visits Bo *2 Grand Jury, i° Itations County Attoraeys 30 Judi. ntyJail . 30 ■'•• : lu-t 6 Prisoners n visits for the year cm account of legal aid 1,053 Whereas the Bureau thoroughly Investigates all applications Cor legal aid, and endeavors to assisl only those who cannot employ counsel, it has been necessary in some instances to intercede where good faith on the part "f counsel employed has been Lacking. A large number of those who have recourse i" 1 1 1 «. - law seldom, if ever, enters courl of record. Retainers re- quired are expensive luxuries, and the machinery of the law is ;it l>cst cum- bersome and expensive. Therefore it is in the lower courts that many of our poor, though honest, citizens, gel their rutin' idea of law and justice. Sad to say, in many instances they t i ml neither, and their experiences are no1 conducive to the development of a proper respect for the law of the land. m>r for the protection which that lav* affords. There is often more anxiety, suffering and torment in the court experi- ences, of the i r than there is in case of direct poverty. Charity ran invade the courts, and successfully so in many instances, conciliating, relieving and satisfactorily adjusting contending factors. The nature of tin- cases in which the bureau lias taken an interesl has riot changed from last year. Gratifying success has Keen attained in adjusting family difficulties, in persuading abusive or indifferent husbands to return to their families and do their duty in getting support for children or old per- sons. Divorces have been obtained t<> rid families of drunken husbands and fathers; appearances have been filed and legal advice given to women whose husbands have started divorce suiis by misrepresentations: decrees have been *-ei aside and cases re-opened; persons accused of crime have been defended or prosecuted as the case mighl be in both the lower and upper courts; malicious prosecutions have been stopper ; neighborh I difficulties adjusted; U'irls over 18 and boys >>ver 16 have been looked after at police courts; and an active interest has been taken in prisoners in the county jail and in Joliet. Ten prisoners al tin' county jail have had their sentences commuted at re- quest of the Bureau agents. An interesl has Keen taken in them because they have had previous good records, because they were homeless and friend- Less and not in a position to engage the services oi attorneys; or because thej were the heads of large families. \ shorl jail sentence, or even the prelim- inary police court proceedings arc often sufficient punishment, all things considered. This may not be according to the law, but, unfortunately, the law is not alwa\s just. Judges are humane and are ready to make conces- sions if approached in the proper spirit ■■ *" ", etting Buppoii and effecting reconciliations the following results were obtained: Complete support in i i cases: that is, where heads of families were persuaded to return to their homes and do their duty; and in u other cases weekly allowances were procured in amounts ranging from 82.00 to $8.00, either by order of court or as a result <<\ conferences between the Bureau and pari ies ci mcerned. It requires considerable diplomacy, and an almost unlimited amount of patience to reconcile heads of families who have become estranged, it means not only to re-establish the home ami keep the family together the funda- 359 mental principle upon which charity work must be based -but it is an im- portant step along preventive lines in keeping such families from becoming burdens upon relief societies. It places the duty of support upon the proper shoulders, insuring to the children tin- care of botb parents, instead of one. Illustrative cases in legal aid department are herewith cited: ABANDONMENT. 1. Mr. II., the father of seven children, abandoned his family, going ou1 west to live. He was indicted here by the grand jury and sent to the county jail after a years's absence from the city. He then made many promises to provide properly for his family. The wife relented. The man was released from jail. Immediately thereafter the family moved to a small town in Iowa. After three months the man left again, coming back to Chicago. He remained here several years, was faithless to his wite. and about four months ago instituted divorce proceedings. Bureau was asked by attorneys for wife in Iowa to represent her interests here. Upon investigation it was found that the material allegations in the bill were untrue and that misrepresenta- tions had been made against a faithful wife and a good mother. The Bureau informed the attorney for the man that the case would be contested, but at the same time suggested that the woman be allowed to sue for divorce, as she was entitled to one. and it was essential that her good name be pro- tected. As her husband had led a dissolute life, seldom if ever worked, had contributed nothing towards the support of the family in years, and was use- less to their welfare, it was thought best for the woman's peace of mind that the matrimonial bonds be severed. In this way there would be an end to the anxiety, doubt and bitter feelings that the wife and children entertained for the man. It was. however, agreed that nothing should be done until the man had deposited $300.00 in cash with the Bureau for the benefit of the woman. The money was contributed by friends of the man. The woman was granted her decree. She is now running a small store on the money obtained for her and is trying to the best of her ability to keep the family together. She is determined to succeed. Her mind is at rest and the future looks hopeful. 2. Mr. J. abondoned his wife and babe. He lived in the same neighborhood but contributed nothing towards their support for six months. Wife had had him arrested, but owing to influence exerted in behalf of the man nothing was done. Bureau was notified. Indictment against man for abandonment of wife and child was returned by next grand jury. Just before this, how- ever, man started divorce proceedings. Case was contested, as all the allega- tions were false, and evidence was introduced to that effect. Cross bill filed. Result, separate maintenance — $5 per week. The man ignored the order of court for a few weeks, when the case in criminal court against him was pushed. He was allowed to go at suggestion of Bureau on $1,000 bail, on condition that he would pay weekly alimony regularly and without interrup- tion. This was ten months ago. The money has been forthcoming each week. Alimony has been raised to $7 a week. !. Mr. S. abandoned wife and three children. Well-to-do relatives on south side refused at first. Bureau insisted upon their helping. They re- jected all propositions advanced for several weeks, but were finally forced to yield. The husband has since returned. He earns about $10 a week as clerk-. Order entered in county court against him for $"> per week for support of children. 4. Mr. K left Russia four years ago. He is a tailor, dresses well, but refused to recognize his wife and three children who came over from Russia recently. The wife has an unusual fund of self respect. She did not care to prosecute, but asked for support. Separate maintenance bill tiled. Bight dollars per week temporary alimony granted. Case pending. RECONCILIATIONS. .">. Mr. X. earning a comfortable living in the far east, a man of pleasing appearance, a neat dresser, and fairly intelligent, had been married for '.".• years. He was living happily with his wife. He came to Chicago with a son ::>;m of '.'l years logo int" business Vfter two months' residence in a neighbor- hood boarding bouse the son noticed thai tin- father's conduct was suspicious, and thai there was every indication <>f an elopement. The young man called ;it the bome of one of the bureau agents during the evening in great distress, crying Like a child a1 the calamity thai was :ii»..\it to befall his family. The father and the boarding bouse keeper were immediately taken into custody. The bureau asked for a continuance of one week al the police court. The man had goods valued at over 8800. which wen- taken from the premises on a writ nf replevin by the son. The wife in the e^st was then •-« - 1 » t for. she arrived one day before the hearing of the case. When her husband -aw her emcd immediately to realize tin- serious mistake he had made; was happy in her presence; took 5400 in cash from hi- pockets ami l'^v it t" her; • hi panied her to a dry goods store, where In- bought some trinkets, ami appeared l i Ui- > >n«- who had been realieved of some great hurden. Tin- husband and wife returned t<> their home in the east. The son procured employment in this city. All was rejoiced al the happy ending "t tin- unfortunate affair. 6. Mr. and Mrs. W . quarreled. Mr. vV. had his wife arrested, sent his furniture t<> the warehouse, ami had an officer take the children t'> the juven- ile court. The police magistrate had the bureau hail <>ut the woman ami make an investigation "f the case. It was ascertained that the husband was partially justified in the step he had taken. Both man and wife were deter- mined to separate permanently. They refused all overtures at a reconcilia- tion. An hour's pleading proved of no avail. As a last resort the children were returned t'> them and they were forced to care for them. The children wen- paroled t<> a probation officer. The next day tin- cases againsl both the husband ami wife were heard at the police court. Both were paroled i" the bureau agent. That made five members of one family subject to a probation officer. They are being visited regularly. The woman is a neat housekeeper. She takes considerable pride in her beautiful children. The man is a faith- ful worker. He is more trustworthy than his wife, who needs considerable looking after. Mr. i'. was abusive in the treatmenl of his wife, threatened i<> put her in an insane asylum ami finally left the house, refusing support. Me was ar- rested and the case continued for ten days pending an investigation by the bureau. The man was informed that he would have to provide immediate support tor his family This at first he stubbornly refused to do on the ground that the justice had made no order, lie was informed, however, by the bureau agenl that he would have to give immediate support, lie had more than a do/.en friends at the station to plead his cause, but on the other hand, the wife and children had been without support for two weeks, and immedi- ate action w as demanded on his part. After fully an hour's consult at ion with his friends and attorney, the luinau agent was again sent for. wilh the fol- lowing result: The rent of $8.50 was paid and -I. nu in cash handed the wife for f 1. This was considered a fair contribution considering that the man was a peddler and could not very well have done more at the time. lie was then urged to return to his family. lie refused to do so for a time, hut within the course of a few days wenl hack to his wife and matters have run quite smoothly since then. The family is being visited regularly ami every effort is being made to make the reconciliation permanent, ■ i:i mi n \ i i \-i s. n|i- i. a young married woman (abandoned), was held to the jury for shoplifting in one of our large <\\\ li' is stores, she had never been in trouble before. The bureau was notified ami asked to see the woman at the count] jail, she was repentant, in poor health, ami almost dazed with her unfortunate experience. It took considerable persuasion to have the de- tective agencj that was handling the case shovt leniency. The State's at- torney kindly allowed the woman to go on a bond furnished by the bureau without schedule. No indictment was returned in the case. 361 9. Mrs. s.. the mother of seven children, living in Buffalo, abandoned her husband and four children. She came to Chicago with a young man of her acquaintance. She brought with her a daughter of 15 years, a son of 5 years and a baby of L6 months. The girl of 15 was put out of the house, and it was when she was oil the street and homeless that the story of her mother's dis- grace became public. Her father was notified and telegraphed the neighbors to have the couple taken into custody. Tins was done, lint the father did not have the means to come on to Chicago. The couple were held to the crimi- nal court. The children were cared for by the bureau, with the exception of tlie baby, whom the mother begged to be allowed to keep in jail with her. The husband at first refused to have anything to do with his wife, ami the older children also refused to take their mother hack into the home. After the husband was approached for several months, he consented to take back the wife. The bureau then held a Lengthy consultation with the judge ami State's attorney, proposing to have the woman brought before the judge and severely reprimanded for her conduct, bu1 that no sentence he given ami sh,- be allowed to immediately return to her family in the east. This proposition was kindly received. The woman and her three children were put on the train by the bureau representative. Letters received since from both the woman, her husband and the children show a spirit of unusual gratitude, and all say that a large family has once more been most happily muted. 10. Mr. R. , indicted on two counts of larceny. Goods valued at nearly $100. The man was a peddler, had a very large family of small children and had never been in trouble before. After considerable effort in his behalf , both the judge and the State's attorney allowed the man to go upon his own m-,)^- nizance, at request of bureau. This man had been a resident of Chicago about 25 years. 11. Mi-. M.. vegetable peddler, had nine small children, the oldest 15 years of ag"e. He was not accustomed to handling - junk, but was offered a lot of iron, which he bought at a bargain. Iron turned out to he stolen from some railroad. Value of goods. $40. Allowed to go on payment of a small fine at bureau's request. No trouble since. Man has a good reputation. OUT of TOWN CASES. 12. Miss <;.. a young girl of 23, was reported by relatives as having been placed in an insane asylum — a state institution in Indiana — and that flic girl was in full possession of her reasoning faculties. The story told was that the parents of the girl had her placed there as they feared she might disclose cer- tain objectionable family secrets. Upon investigation among friends and rela- tives here, this almost incredible, story was believed by the bureau to he at least partially true. A correspondence was opened with the superintendent of the insane asylum. The bureau assumed the girl to he sane, and hinted that immediate steps would he taken to have her released. The superintend- ent wrote for more detailed particulars. A second communication from the bureau stated that if the girl was not immediately released the law would he invoked. "Within ten days the girl was in Chicago. She was taken to a specialist, who pronounced her sane, without any indication of mental dis- turbance. When the parents heard that efforts were being made to have the girl released they offered her $300 and a trip abroad provided she would re- main in the asylum a few months longer, and refuse eventually to come to Chicago. Not trusting her parents, t he girl rejected all propositions advanced by them. They were well-to-do business people in their town. They feared lest their inhuman conduct might become public. The girl has been in the city for six months, has been sane at all times, and sneaks with horror of her ten weeks' experience in an insane ward, she is well-bred, deserving, and showed a beautiful spirit towards the parents who had so wronged her. 13. Mrs. L. lives in a small town in Iroquois county. She came to Chicago to escape the persecutions of a cruel husband. The story she told seemed Incredible, but was upon investigation found to he true in almost every par- ticular. She said that her husband hail had her committed to an insane asylum once and that he had made another attempt to do so last spring, hut that the jury refused to adjudge her insane. She feared a repetition of the proceeding's. For this reason she asked for protection. She als,> -Mid her 362 husband was suing f<>r divorce and thai h<- had contributed nothing towards her support fora longtime. A correspondence was started with attorneys in her town, who were asked t<> take an interest in her case \ communication was also senl to the judge who was to hear the case. ll<- met one of the bureau representatives in the city, when the matter was freely discussed. \£ tin- woman was practically friendless :imn :ii i I 'iitil ot li tans On account of all other purposes ... 184 Minn ii I', Low, Superintendent, Acting I 'residenl The program for this year's meeting has been completed and I nots declare the meeting adjourned t'> meet in Rock- ii ird aext j ear. In the afternoon the delegates and their friends were given a com- plimentary boal ride on the steamer "Illinois." The boal went about twent) miles up the .Mississippi river and then returned to Quincy. Thanks are due the Illinois Fish Commission for this delightful trip. ::»;:; PROCEEDINGS OF THE ILLINOIS CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AT ROCKFORD, NOVEMBER 15 AND 16, 1904. First Day, Tuesday, November 15. The Ninth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Conference of Charities was called to order at 2 o'clock p. m. in the Church of the Christ iau Union at Rockford by Mr. Robert C. Bryant, of Rockford. Mr. Bryant — In the absence of the chairman of the local com- mittee, I am asked to call the meeting to order. We will be led in prayer by Rev. N. B. Clinch of the Episcopal church of this city. Rev. N. B. Clinch — " O, G-od, Almighty Father, who gavest thy beloved Son,, the eternal Word, to be the light of the world and to lead thy children to be true, grant thy blessing we humbly beseech Thee, upon these, thy servants, now assembled in thy name and presence. Let us remember that Thou art one to listen more to the heart than to the word, and let us each bring an offering, if not of holiness, then of love; if not of wisdom, then of teachableness. Grant us such a measure of high wisdom that we may go forth from these deliberations better fitted to do the work that Thou hast given us to do, in caring for thy sick children, thy maimed children, thy unfortunate children, and may we be so rilled with that divine love of thine that we may do this work in thy spirit altogether without thought of self; and may our only desire be that we may some day hear those words of thine — inasmuch ; grant to us such wisdom, such love, and save us from all strife and prejudice, that we may only seek the welfare of those whom Thou hast committed to our charge. Direct us in all our doings with thy most gracious faith and further- ance of Thy continual help that with our works, begun, continued and ending in Thee, we may glorify thy holy name, and finally by thy mercy have everlasting life." Honorable Charles E. Jackson, being introduced, delivered the fol- lowing welcoming address: :;m A.DDBESS I M WlM I 'Ml. 1. 1 ■ of Rockford. Mr Chairman, Ladies awl Gentlemt About one year ago, when the city council extended an invitation to this Board, asking thai Rockford be considered al the time your ' annual meeting place was to b ■ voted upon, they rse the noble work you are doing. (Applause) Mk. Bryant Response will be made by the Honorable Ensley Mi " >re, i »f Jacks* >m ille. Response ro A ;i>- of Welcome. By ll"':. i Moore of Jacksonville, Member of Board of State Commissioners ol Public Charities. Honorable Mayor and Citizens of Rockford: It affords me greal pleasure to be presenl on this occasion and to be the means of expressing to you the thanks of the Conference for your kindly welcome to your cit) ; and we know that it is a delightful cit) from the beginning of this meeting. We thank you, as I say, for your words of welcome, and we appreciate what you have said; and we have no doubl thai our further acquaintance with this cit) will prove to us that what you have said aboul our leaving it. not glad to go hut happ) because we have been here, will be proved to be true. And now. ladies and gentlemen, if you will pardon me, I will indulge in the extemporaneous remarks thai I have broughl with me. i Laughter i There are three notable places in Illinois. Jacksonville, with Illinois College, educating it-- people and its neighbors up to the work of caring for the unfortunate, had three distinguished citizens among others; first, Joseph Duncan, soldier of 1 s Il\ member of con- gress and governor of Illinois, who was one of the firsl if not the first, to advocate popular education in this State. 365 Then Richard Yates, the great war governor, who sent CJUyses S. Grant marching down the ages. And now it has given to the State another distinguished son in the second Richard Zates, our present efficient chief magistrate. Gralesburg is another of the cities adorned with a college, Knox, and over its destinies Newton Batenian presided, and built the in- stitution into an honored and high place among the educating and civilizing influences of our day. And in the north there is a city gemmed with a college as its brightest ornament and wide exponent, even Rockford, the city of your generous hospitalities, and of our happy meeting today. Rock- ford, with the advancing developments of the times gives its higher education to woman; and, fittingly, it is of her women J would sing. Throughout the southern states the name of Mary E. Holmes is a synonym for the education and uplifting of an unfortunate race, the minds and thoughts of which are enlightened and brightened through the benevolence of this citizen of your place. More immediately in the special cause that we are here to advance is another woman of Rockford, known throughout the land and per- haps of international fame as a worker for the unfortunate and afflicted; one who, like Paul, is "a citizen of no mean city," and I need not say to this assemblage that that woman is Julia C. Lathrop. (Applause). Me. Rorert C. Bryant — Before we listen to the President's address, I wish to make one or two announcements with reference to No. 6 on the program — "Visiting Institutions in the City of Rock- ford." The two chief institutions which you will desire to visit are the county farm and the college — Rockford College — reference to which Mr. Moore has already made. The county farm is situated nearly five miles north of the city. We have provided for convey- ances for a number of the delegates who may wish to go over from here, at half past three. We expect to have conveyances for 35 or 40; possibly a few more than that, if you desire to go, and it is necessary that immediately upon the adjournment of this meeting you notify me of your desire to go to the county house. I will be at the entrance of the church. We will start for there at 3 :30, and have a number of automobiles in which you will go. Miss Gulliver, the President of Rockford College, lias extended an invitation to all the delegates and visitors to the convention to attend a reception at the college, from 4:30 to 5:30 this afternoon. Those who goto the county house will return in time to attend that reception and will be taken over there. Those who do not go to the county house may go to the college by taking the South Second Street car. which leaves the waiting room at the corner of State and Wyinan just one block from the church the South Second street car which leaves there either at 4.25 or 4.55. leaving as these ears do only every half hour, at 25 minutes past the hour and five minutes before the hour. If you wish to go to the college, kindly remember the car and times of leaving, so that you will not be mistaken. The President, Honorable John A. Brown, of Decatur, will now take the chair, and will deliver the President's address. PbESIDEN P'S A\m \l. Am. i. i Bj l lou. John A. Hr. M r Chairman, my manner of speech i» usually of the extemporane- order, I believe this i> tin- firel Bjpeech I ever attempted \<< writ.- ciii in im\ lit'': t>ut in view of tin- cacl thai wh.it we Bay here is not.-. |. and goes into the State reports, it i- perhaps better to write out u hat we Ba) . b< > far as we can. Li n Ins and Gentlemen of the Ninth Annual Conference of Charities : Once more yon have come from your homes, near and distant, in our greal State to discuss the man} questions of interest .•n'isiii'_ r ;ilonu r charitable Lines in our modern complex Bociety. At the point of land where Illinois projects farthesl to the wesl is Bituated the flourishing city of Quincy. It was here thai our eighth annual conference was held. While the attendance .-it thai meeting was not as Large as we desired, yel I believe it would be the almosl universal verdicl of .-ill in attendance, thai in the value of the papers read and'results obtained it was perhaps not exceeded by anj of its predecessors. Wh.it we Los1 in attendance was made up by tin- pi in tin' circulation to the public of the valuable thoughts and Bugges- tions there uttered. Where bo many g I papers were read, it would be useless, and perhaps unfair to specifically refer to any, and yel in passing I can- not refrain from saying thai it would be worth much to Illinois if every citizen of the State would read with care the paper by Dr. H, M Thomas of Chicago on "The Economic Loss to Illinois from Tuberculosis..' The ravages of this dread disease are attracting the world wide attention of all classes and it is gratifying to know thai both the State and the nation are resolved thai means tor its exter- mination must be found. The Bmall attendance ;it Quincy was the stimulus, however, for those who were there to make greater efforts for this conference. In harmonj with this desire, I prepared a circular Letter addressed to all the Boards of Supervisors and County Commissioners of the several counties of the State, requesting thai thej send al Leasl one delegate from each count} to this conference. Our able Secretary has con- stantly been al work also to this end. At the firsl meeting of the Executive Committee a date was selected in luly for the meeting of the conference. I fell thai in view of the presidential election being on hand, it was better to defer the conference until after the election, and I bo urged the Executive C aittee. The date was thereupon changed to the presenl time, and now thai the election has passed and the country has made a wise choice for its first office, the st.n. - ni.iii and the politician for the time being have Bubsided and we can carefull) and considerately discuss the questions before us. I trusl it i-- not improper a1 thi^ time, as the administration of Governor Richard Yates is aboul ended, to saj of Ids work and duties as connected with the charitable institutions of this state thai in the •■it tint ion and care given and in the deep concern for all of the State's unfortunates, he has nol been exceeded by an) of the governors who 867 preceded him. He will Leave our State institutions in a condition that T believe will compare favorably with those of our sister states. Members of the Conference, it is my painful duty to annonnce to you that since our last meeting the Honorable George W. Curtis, our last presiding officer, died at the home of his sister al Freeport, Illinois, on the 11th of February, 1904. Mr. Curtis was a member <>( the State Legislature from the Freeport District in 1891 and L892. From 1893 to 1897 he was a member of the State Board of Charities. Since the birth of this organization, 1 believe, he has attended every session. He also was present at the most of the National Conferences. His death occurred in his 70th year. He was an earnest, honest, con- scientious man. In politics he was of the Democratic faith, but in the broad field of charity he knew no creed or politics. His death is a loss to his State and friends. We shall ever treasure his memory. The problem, how shall our charitable institutions be best con- ducted, is always before us. This conference is always and ever seek- ing for better results and better ways. It is only by the comparison of mutual efforts that we can learn of each other. All reforms move slowly along the pathway to success. As Christianity extends her conquests and civilization progresses, the care of the State's un- fortunates will ever demand increasing attention. Our great cities have become the breeding place of crime, intemperance and disease. The influences must be and are being combated. These cities are the prolific feeders of our charitable institutions. The case, however, is not hopeless. No great nation now consumes as little alcoholic drink, per capita, as our own. The slums are being renovated, and in this good work R. W. De Forrest, a member of the National Confer- ence from New York, has accomplished wonders. Women's elubs are also at work and are beginning to realize that if the fallen women of our great cities are to be aided and taught the better way. that the helping hand and the sympathetic aid of woman herself must be abundantly at work. While Illinois has one of the leading blind institutions of the world. I desire to suggest to you that with that class of unfortunates the State is not doing its whole duty. As a subject for liberal charity I know of no one more properly entitled to it than he or she who is blind, poor and helpless. As it is now. when a blind student leaves our institution at Jacksonville, unless he has a situation from which he can obtain sustenance, or relatives who can assist him, the only place for him or her to go is to the County Alms House. It is true that our last Legislature provided that the helpless, indigent blind could receive a pension from the county where they reside of $150.00 per annum, but this legislation was not mandatory but permissive. So far as I have heard but one county in the State is so doing. To him who is denied the light of day and whose whole life is a perpetual night, this great rich State should not deny some home where such could go and be cared for in their poverty and helpless- ness. I cherish the hope, in common with all (whose hearts are not callous to sufferings of the unfortunate), that the time is not far dis- tant when in some of the central counties of our State, on a section of our broad acres, such a home may be provided. Men ami women <>t' Winnebago, citizens of Rockford, the Confer- ence yon have invited bere is a seeing, hearing, smelling, inquisitive bod} [8 thine house in order? 1 1 not, depend upon it this hall will ring with criticism and denunciation as haul perhaps as was heard in Atlanta, Georgia, against the southern chain gang prisons, or in Adams county, condemning it- County Jail. Having said this much by wa) of introduction, we are mow ready for the business of this Conference. Delegate Stephenson count] furnishes the blind with a pension. Delegates Also Monroe county! And Livingston! Bureau county President Brown W • Beem t « > l»- a Little short here todaj on G ernors! (Laughter). When Governor Yates was in my city I gave him a special invitation to be here today, and he promised me he would do his besl to be here. I do nol see him in the audience W'lan Candidate Deneen was in mj city, I made him gel ou1 his memorandum book and chalk down this date, with the understanding he was to be here to talk to us He promised me he would do bo it' possible. Bui I presume his greal labors as State's Attorney of Cook county, preparing to turn over one u r I office for a larger one, keeps him pretty bus) , I Laughter i. As I understand it. we have nothing further to do this afternoon excepl to adjourn, as was announced by the temporary chairman and take t he trip to the alms house. hi. Hastings II. Hart I would like to ask the privileg giving a notice thai the committee on work for children will meet in this part ol the room immediately on adjournment to consider the !•)" »r1 of t hat committee. \ Mr. -l II Freeman It maj be a matter of interesl and perhaps protit, if the secretary will take the ni • of each county thai pro- vides pensions for blind. Several were mentioned and there may be others. Mi;. J. Mack Tanneb The State Commissioners of Public Charties have the information on file in Springfield, and if it is desired to have il Incorporated in this report thai can be done. There are possibly fcwentj comities thai paj pensions. Thereupon, on montion of Mr. Freeman thai the lisl be embodied in the report of proceedings, dul) seconded, vote was taken and mi >t i> hi una niiiii >usly carried. Lis r 01 ( '' 'i \ her. i ( i iven by State Board of ( iharil ies | Boone, Lake. Piatt, Carroll, Lee. Shelby, Christian, Livington, Stephenson, Douglas, Logan, Whiteside, Ford, Madison, Will, Henry, McHenry, Winnebago, Iroquois, Monroe. Woodford. • Iii I );i\ ii-. 369 Mb. John J. Sloan — In regard to the resolutions to be presented to this convention, is the chair ready to receive them now for dis- tribution to the various standing committees? Mr. Brown I presume so. Mr. Sloan Judge Hurley suggest it would be well to appoinl a committee on resolutions to which all subjects presented would be referred without reading, the committee to report Later; for the pur- pose of saving time and expediting the business of the conference, I move you that a committee on resolutions be appointed, and that all matters presented be referred without reading. Dr. Hart — I rise to a point of order. I take that to be equivalent to adjourn sine die. it provides that all matters presented be assigned without reading. Mr. Brown, Chaieman — No, just resolutions. Is there a second to Mr. Sloan's motion. (Seconded). Chaieman — It is moved and seconded that all resolutions ad- dressed to the conference be presented to the committee on resolu- tions. How many on that committee? Mr. Sloan — Five, to be appointed by the chair. Dr. Hart — I would like to ask a question of the mover. Does he mean to be referred without reading, or without debater' You would not object to anything being read. Mr. Sloan — I would not object. It is simply in order to save the time of the Conference. I believe the committee on resolutions will report oil all resolutions presented, with their recommendation. Dr. Hart — The practice has been, immediately upon the present- ing of a resolution, to refer it without debate. It seems to me that is sufficient. It takes very little time to read a resolution. Mr. Sloan — There is no objection to it being read. Chairman Brown— The question is on the motion of Mr. Sloan to refer all resolutions to a committee of five to be appointed by the Chair. (Upon viva voce vote there was no dissent, and the motion declared carried, by the chair). Chairman Brown— I will name the committee at the evening session. Mr. Eobert C. Bryant — I find we haven't quite enough convey- ances to take all who are present to the poor farm, but in case nil should not wish to visit an institution at that distance, there are other institutions, such as the Home for Aged and the hospitals. I will be glad to direct you to any of those places. Delegate Weight — I suggest that in any event the superin- tendents of poor houses should visit the poor farm. (Thereupon the Conference adjourned to visit local institutions. and to reconvene at 8. p. m. on the same day. Evening Session — First Day of Conference. Conference reconvened at 8 o'clock p. in. and was favored with a solo by Miss Starr of Rockford, Chairman Brown announced the Committee on Resolutions as follows : —24 B C 370 ( V iMMn l 1.1. I '\ RES! 'I.i Til »N8 John J Sloan of Chicago, Chairman; Henn Davis of Springfield, Charles I' Babb of Homer, William Somerville of Quincy, Alice I- Hi\ wc >< h| of ( 'hicagi >. I |» in Buggesl i<>ii bj the Chair, of t In- advisability <>t' having a com- mittee on organization, Mr. Hurley moved tin- appointment by the Chair of ;i committee on i irganizal i< m i ■ >f five members. Upon viva voce vote, unanimously carried. Committee named by the < lhair as f< >llows: ( '( iMMITTEE I »N < >BG INIZATION. T D. Hurie) of Chicago, Chairman; S. T. Metcalf of Buffalo .M.i it 1 i.i P. Falconer of Chicago, Walter L. Cosper of Peoria, Lulu 1 1 ii] i| era ' »f l><;i rdsti >wn. Motion bj Sherman C. Kingsley, thai ;i committee of five members on time and place, 1>«' appointed by the Chair. Seconded. < >n viva voce vote, carried unanimously. Committee designated bj the Chair as fi »lli «w b: < !omm 1 1' i i.i: i >s Time ash Place. Sherman C. Kingslej of Chicago, Chairman; J. R. Leary of Rush- villc. .1. H. Freeman or Jacksonville, V. H Wemple of Waverly, J. J. McManaman of ( 'hicagi >. Vocal solo b) Mr. Miller of Rockford. Chairman Brown The Executive Committee. I think, had Borne foreknowledge thai in this convention I was going to have a little trouble with one of nrj ears, and thej consequently decided thai the chairman of each committee would preside during the special dis- cussion bj t bal committee. The next subjecl is the report of the Committee on Countj Chari- table and Correctional Work, bj the chairman, Reverend K. Emory Lyon of Chicago, whom I will ask in conn' forward and take charge of t hf meeting. 371 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OX COUNTY CHARL TABLE AND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS. (By F. Emory Lyon, Chairman, i The investigations of your committee on County Charitable and Correctional Institutions have confirmed two divergent impressions, namely — the indifference on the part of the general public as to the character of the institutions in their own community on the one hand, and on the other hand, the insistence on the part of all intel- ligent observers that something must be done to improve these in- stitutions. It may seem fanciful to suggest a coincidence between the two institutions in each county of the State, making almost the number of bones in the human body, but it is at least true to say that here is the skeleton in the closet of our domestic commonwealth. But it would be as reasonable to expect that the bones of a human body could continue in a diseased condition without resulting in "woiTiids and putrifying sores" as to expect that our county jails and almshouses could remain what many of them are and not create social disease and distress. To get a true basis for the suggestion of improvement in this direction, it may be well to state, once again, something of the actual conditions that so nearly prevail in many of our county institutions. At this point I may say that a recent persnal of the reports from the county auxiliary committees were of great interest to me. Their contents gave me a better opinion of the value of these reports, as many of them contained intelligent, dis- criminating and conscientious recommendations. Concerning the conditions of some of the county institutions, I gathered from these reports the following choice bits of literature: One committee, speaking of the jails, said "The jail is absolutely rotten." Another stated: "The place isn't lit to keep a dog in." Still another informs us that the jail is much too small, containing four or five men in each cell, and in another there was said to be twenty-five prisoners in a single room — scarcely twenty feet square. It would be hard to find a stronger condemnation that such expres- sions as the following: "The jail is a disgrace to the country and State." Another, "The jail is not lit for human habitation." 'We are surprised that the inmates live.'* One more states thai the jail was so dark that the prisoners couldn't see their eating-pan if they dined after four o'clock p. in. Needless to say. all the jails of this extremely bad character were built many years ago. Fifteen jails of the State were built before 1860, thirty before 1870, forty, or nearly 372 one-half "f them before 1 s ^' >. or previous to the last quarter-century; when nearly all modern sanitar} improvements have Keen inaug- ur.it >il The Btatemenl of the committees in regard to county almshouses has \itv much the Bume doleful monotony, relieved onlj by the humor of one committee, which Btated in reply to the question as t < » whether there was sufficient ventilation or air in the building "That there was more ;iir than anything else." < M" another it is Btated, "There was vermin in abundance," and the expression "The building is unfit for human habitation and Bhould be replaced," is ;i common one, both as applied to almshouses and jails. In mosl cases I believe tin- com- mittees have been free to recommend new jails and almshouses where they are greatlj needed, and have Btrongly recommended action on the part of the State Board of Charities. I notice bj these reports also, that forty -one of the county jails in the State have no separate place for children under sixteen, and in the county almshouse there were, at the time these reports were made, July 1st. 1904, [ffl children, or more than one t'<»r each county. The chief difficulty with these reports is the lack of authority or power on the part of those who made them to enforce improvements. It Bhould be gratifying to thi> Conference that the Secretary of the Commissioners of Public Charities, with somewhat more authority, clearly sees the need of these institutions. Concerning the countj jails of the State, Mr. Tanner >a\ s: •■There i> not much that is encouraging to the humanitarian in the average county jail in Illinois. Gloomy, unsanitary, dingy, unhealth- t'ul and cheerless, they strike not at the criminal instinct ;inr the future Nevertheless, the local jails of England have been under such a plan <>f state control Binoe l s 77. ;iinl it> success there Bhould point the way for better things in America. In the meantime let as rejoice in the facl that we are working more and more constantly for the prevention of both crime and poverty. A.s I have said, we are learning better than to proceed upon the assumption that either can be prevented by tin- inhuman treat- ment of the pauper or the criminal after he has been created. Societj i- providing more and more ample facilities t'<>r reducing the number of inmates in these institutions, not by making it impossible for them to staj therein any sort of self-respect, but by furnishing conditions in which fewer will fall in the mighty struggle for honest existence, i A pplause I. Chairman Ly< >\ We have just about ten or twelve minutes remain- ing of the time allotted for this subject for discussion, and I sin mid be very glad to have suggestions made. 11' 1 have made anj mis- statements, or there are any points that can !>•- disputed, I should be verj glad to have it done, and it' any new suggestions can be made, in two or three minutes, from several members, 1 shall be very glad to hear from those who have ;i word to Bay. Ji dge Tuthill I want to correct one statement made there. I think I am warranted in doing so from facts that have come to my knowledge. You say thai only fiftj per cent of the men arrested for crime are indicted, and therefore til't\ yer cent of those arrested practically are innocent. I venture to say, from my own experience in Chicago, that at leasl twentj per cent of those who are indicted by the grand jurj are afterward found i<> be innocent by the jurj and court. In that criminal court there, in Chicago, now. I have hud it more impressed on me in the lasl three months than ever before this fact Investigation bj a grand jurj is always or-parti only one side is heard. When the case comes into court the other side has not presented its case. I think at leasl twentj per cenl of those indicted and placed in jail have been shown to be not guilty. Chairman Lyon I am inclined to think it' that were true in Chicago it would be a still larger per cent out in the State. I am not Bure aboul that; but I think that would be true thai evens l.i rger per cenl would be found to be innocent and nol convicted after indict nieiit . Mr. Sloan One of the conditions thai result, in count} jails out- side of < 'ook county, with an average jail population of 1,600 prisoners. i- th.it ninetj per cent of them are awaiting trial, as a resull <>l' the farcical grand jurj Bystem prevailing in Illinois, which w;is threshed ou1 in the lasl session "I this Conference. There are counties in the State where l>ut two sessions are held annually. 375 Men lie in prison in idleness and degradation for six months, and are subsequently released, on accounl of "no bills" having been returned. The records show scores of instances where men shown innocent are committed from 10 to -*> days. No less an authority than Judge Bischoff, of New York, has declared that one of the underlying causes of crime is the Law's delay: and if we had a system patterned after that in Michigan and Wisconsin, and from time of arrest to incarceration, witli due regards to the rights of the prisoners, a period of less than a week elapsed, an example could be made of evil-doers, and lessen the criticism of people languishing in jail awaiting trial. We don't, want to remedy abuses so much as to stop the causes. The grand jury system under which we work in Illinois, in the majority of cases, is primarily responsible for the conditions under which prisoners languish. Another evil is that, despite criticisms, time and again there are judges all over the State who constantly commit prisoners found guilty to the very same jails, to lie around in idleness, with no oc- cupation beyond newspapers, novels, playing cards and stnoking, to be turned loose on the community afterward, unfitted for work and inured to idleness, and it is no wonder that vagrants and tramps are going all over the State. (Applause.) Mrs. Carrie Grout, of Rockford — I can bear testimony to that in regard to our county jail. In my experience as probation officer in Rockford. I have frequently found children committed to the county jail, bound over to the grand jury, to lie there, in one case four months, another case six weeks. At present there are four boys in this county jail. One I think was bailed out yesterday. Three are lying there, bound over to the January session of the grand jury. If this is bad for men, what is it for boys'? Three of the boys are there today, under 14 years old. They are supposed to lie there until the grand jury meets. I don't think they will. I think they will be taken to the county court under the Juvenile act. but it needs consid- erable rustling around to get that accomplished. Last May there were four boys. There was no one to bail them out. They were to lie there until the October term of the grand jury. If this is bad for men. it seems to me it is doubly bad in the case of children, boys and oirls as it might possibly be. I think it worth looking into. OHAIEMAN LYON — In the jail are those boys freely associated with the men? Mrs. GtBOUT — They are right in with the men. Chairman Lyon — How old are they? Mrs. GrEOUT Three boys are there today who are less than 14. right in with the men in the comity jail. Chairman Lyon I visited a town where they had boys eight or nine years old in the county jail, for weeks, waiting to lie sent to the State school for boys. An editor asked me to visit the jail and tell him what I thought, and that he would print whatever I said. [ re- turned and told him the good people of Youngstown, Ohio, were as Christian and humane in their attention as anyone, but thai I be- lieved the best people on the boulevard 1 here were committing a 876 -i crime than the worst man who had ever been in their jail. The worsl man had perhaps murdered one man. They are murdering the souls of dozens of boys ever) year. (Applaua \| Bublei I would -nu r u r '-i that in Rockford they call the attention of the count) and circuit courl to the Juvenile Court law that makes it unlawful to detain an) child under sixteen in tli.it way. and illegal in an) case for a child under twelve to be detained in a police station or jail under an) circumstances. En my opinion I think the count) jailer could be sued. Certainly it i> illegal. (Applause l Chairman Lyon I think our time has about expired. We will turn the meeting over to tin- Committee on Juvenile Court Work. Mr. Hart has a letter he wishes to have read. Db Hart This letter has just been placed in my hands. It is from Mrs. Collar. ""I know yon will be boit) to learn thai Mr. Bick- aell's little daughter Charlotte passed away this morning. The family leave for Indianapolis this morning." Those of yon who know Mr. and Mrs. Bicknell know through what a sad affliction they have passed the last few months. The little girl has been fading away for months, and the hopes they had been cherishing faded away. < >n motion of Dr. Hart the following telegram was sent: "The Illinois State Conference of Charities extends wannest sympathy. We share your grief . Frank I). Whipp, Secretary." President Brown Our aexl subject will be the report of the Committee on Juvenile Court Work by Chairman J. J. McManaman of Chicago, whom I will now ask to come forward. Thereupon the ( 'hair was taken b) M r. McManaman amid applause. Mi; Mi Mwwiw The reports heretofore. I believe, Were not ex temporaneous, and I suppose it is entirely proper for me to follow t he rule. THE -Ii \ r.\ ii.i: ( '. >\ RT. (By J. J. McManaman, CI P ition Officer Juvenile Court, Chicago. I The Juvenile Court is an established institution in the State of Illinois. It has passed the experimental stage and it is now a per- manent fixl lire. There is now in the Stale one Juvenile Court presided over by a circuil judge, located at Chicago. In other counties of the State the Juvenile Court is presided over by the county judge. These courts have demonstrated their usefulness in proportion to the means the) have had at hand to carr) oul the object cor which the) were established. They have given the young and thoughtless an opportunit) to develop withoul carrying the stigma of a criminal. The) act as a parent t<> the parentless, a guide to the weak, and a • •heck to the strong, The) teach the bo) and girl thai society is in- terested in their conduct and education ami that they area part of societ) \ court simpk as a court, without the power to carr) into execu- tion the objects of the law, is a useless ornament in the community and an unnecessar) expense to the people, hut a court so equipped that it can reach the home through efficient probation officers on the ::tt one hand and charitable and corrective institutions on the other, is one of the most important and beneficent institutions established by the people in many years. The court is supposed to be limited in its jurisdiction to dependents and delinquents, who are under sixteen years of age, luit in dependent oases it passes beyond the child and reaches the parent and the home. It is here where the great object of the law is realized: here where society will in time fully realize the work that is being done. The home is the unit of the State, and the homes in the aggregate make up the State and Nation. If the home is neglected, debauched or vicious, society breeds disease and death : but if the home is happy, wholesome and sober, society is safe, strong and promising. There is danger, however, in public officials peeping into the home and attempting to establish a standard of living a standard of con- duct and morals and then measuring all people by that standard. This is one of the dangers that confronts the Juvenile Court, and one which the judge must be constantly on guard to check. To set up a standard of living, or morals and of conduct for all people, and then to say that all those who have not reached that standard must be brought before the court to explain their habits and conduct, would destroy the very purpose for which the court was established. The efficient probation officer must consider the habits, conduct and morals of all people with whom they come in contact: they must know that the standards of cleanliness, industry and living are in strata, like rock formation, and the officer who does not give full con- sideration to every detail is not serving the best purpose of his or her position. The judge of a Juvenile Court holds a high and important position. He is the ballast, the check, the re-adjuster of the ideals and standard fixed by his agents. In dealing with and adjusting these ideals, he shows his breadth of mind, his philosophy of life, his knowledge of the habits of all people, and his sympathy with the lives of many people whose ideals differ, but whose purpose is simple and sincere. The judge of the Juvenile Court deals with the lives and futures of the coming citizens and too much care and caution cannot be in- dulged in when we consider that by one act the hopes of the parents may be shattered and the welfare of the child blasted. Why should a man's right to his child receive less consideration at the hands of the courts of the State than his horses? If we take ;i man's horse from him he must have a chance for a complete hearing and have his day in court. So if his child is to be taken away from him, every form prescribed by the law should be conformed to. every right should be considered, and no matter how vicious or de- praved a parent may be, every right that can be claimed by the most powerful in society should be enjoyed by the parent, because no man can be said to be guilty until pronounced so by a court of competent jurisdiction. The Juvenile Court is a crime preventer instead of an instrument for punishment. The old saying: "As the twig is bent, the tree is inclined," 1 is true with regard to the young sprouts of society as well as the young sprouts in the vegetable kingdom. 378 The child born in poverty, poorly nursed and nurtured with in- Bufiicienl .nil! unwholesome t < « « J and air, with vicious environments, cannol be expected to develop thai sturdy manhood and womanhood bo i ssential to u r ' " m I order and lc< »< « I citizenship. Respecl for the rights of others, the mosl essenl ial element t< » incul- cate in the young, is, in a vicious and depraved home, wholly neglected. This respecl for the rights of other- is one of the most essential principles thai can be practiced todaj l>\ the old as well as bj the young, for in the mad rush for wealth, with the words of [ago con- stantl) ringing in your ear: "Pul monej in thy purse," the standard of honestlj in the Btreel musl necessarily !»«• a1 a low ebb, much stress cannol be laid upon the rule laid down by the .M - ter: "Do unto others thai which you would have others do unto \i >u.'" The State as ye1 has paid little attention to parental conditions. It has paid little attention to the child until the child violates some rule 01 conduct established by the State, then it builds jails, peni- tentiaries and even casts the shadow of the scaffold upon the land protect itself from the products of its own neglect. I believe it can be truthfully said thai the delinquenl D05 was a pendenl or neglected child, and thai a greal many of the criminals, who have puzzled and burdened the State for their care and protec- tion, have developed from 1 he del imp lent and neglected boys. The dependent child is placed in a home where, in many cases, the home, instead of throwing around the child wholesome parental care and guardianship, is neglected, and the child's permanency in the home depends upon the usefulness and profit to its new parent-. Here is where the state should extend its helping hand, and see thai ever) child placed li\ a BOciety or an institution is properly treated and the besl elements of the child's nature developed. If a boj or ■_:irl is placed in a home where the environments are whollj at variance with In- or her temperament and the child has an independent. adventurous spirit, he will break the ties thai bind him to this master and Beek relief in the larger cities and where he is five to act and do as he pleases. The lodging house, the all nighl restaurant and the cheapest and lowest quarters are his haunts, and in a few years Bociet) has an associate and the State a citizen schooled in all thai is vicious, selfish and dangerous instead of a dear, clean, intelligent, interested citizen. The law with regard to delinquenl children is weak, as it limits the court in it- jurisdiction to children under sixteen years of age. It would be well if the court had the power to hold jurisdiction of the boj or girl until the) reached their majority. The law should be so amended, thai once the court acquired jurisdiction of a delinquenl child, the court could use it- discretion a- to whether or nol it would surrender t he boj or girl to t he criminal machinery of t he State. It is a fact that the greatesl number of delinquenl boys and girls come from neglected or dependenl home- and wh\ the court should lose jurisdiction of this delinquenl boj or girl when he or she reaches sixteen years of age 1- nol verj clear, for it is at this period of life that mosl boys and uirls need the greatest amount of care: il is at 379 this period of life that the boy is passing to the physical, bu1 not the intellectual man, carrying all the burden of the animal with very little of the light of man to guide him. At tin's period the boy is erratic, eruptic and volcanic: he loves the daring; physical courage is his idol ; the wild, daring, dashing gun-fighter is his ideal of a man. Until those dreams are expelled by reas ra and experience the Juvenile courl should hold him in check. The court should be the best judge of the hoy's moral responsibilities. The probation officer, who sees him weekly, knows Ins work, his temperament, his environment, and the judge who is familiar with all the officers and knows the boy, and by reason of his knowledge of human nature, should be allowed to use his discretion as to when he will surrender jurisdiction of the boy during the minority of the child. Reforms in the individual are mental processes of development and brick walls and grated windows have the power to develop nothing but fear or revenge. To develop that part of the boy's nature to do good because it is good and for principle's sake, cannot be done by surrounding him with bolts, locks and bars. He should have free- dom of thought, freedom of action and an environment constantly surrounding him that will awaken in him the knowledge that every pleasure has its corresponding pain, and that to do right is a duty he owes to himself and to society. Some people have placed great stress upon the improvements tiny have observed under their master hand in delinquent individuals. I have even heard the hangman say that he was on intimate terms with the condemned; as if society was more safe and enriched by the intimacy. Improvement in a delinquent cannot be made by any master unless the delinquent has the same freedom of thought, freedom of action, as the master. The teacher who can reach the intellectual level of his pupil, learn his tendencies, catch his weaknesses, one at a time. not condemning or trying to crush out with one blow all the tenden- cies that it has taken years to develop, will prove a greater benefactor in the way of reform in the individual than all the masters practicing their powers behind grated windows and bolted doors, and add more to the welfare of mankind than all the jails and all the penitentiaries and all the scaffolds have ever added. We have quite a little time. I am going to call on Judge Murray of Springfield. The Juvenile Couet and its Work. (By Hon. G. W. Murray of tin- Juvenile Court of Springfield, Illinois.) Mr. Chairman, Ladies, and Grentlemen — We are told that great ideas and reforms often travel slowly. This idea is fully demon- strated in the long delay in the establishment of the Juvenile Court. For hundreds of years, those who have been responsible for our common and statutory laws, either did not live in an age and time when some special recognition of the subject touching the welfare of the children of tender age. or their special govern- ment, when of such age, became a factor in the criminal history of 5 the country, or they neglected an important duty. I nconsciously, however, in tin- vicissitudes <>t' time, new conditions were growing up in our political, religious, materia] and legal history. Our population has rapidly increased until we are now a great nation. Large and i mi) H i Ion- cities and communities have grown np. New and advanced ideas of civilization, and practical government, while they have been slowlj coming, have now developed until they have been incorporated into a law or laws, which recognize the facl that to have a Btrong and durable government, that government must be made up of intelli- gent, patriotic and honorable citizens, and that such a government cannot !»• expected to continue to exist in a community or State where the youth of the land, 05 environments and neglect, are drift- ing bj u r i"'-''ii numbers into a life of crime. To the ladies and gentlemen of this audience, I need not say that our law-makers, considering the rapid progress in other great reforms, were verj slow in placing <>n the statute books of the State such remedial legislation as the condition of society demanded for the rescue of the dependent, as well as the delinquent children of the State. It is well known thai np to a very recent date n.> special pro- visions of any consequence were made for the protection or special reformation of unfortunate and dependent children, which class natural I3 enough were, and are now, rapidly increasing in numbers. Our State has from a very early daj taken an advanced position in providing for the adult helpless and nniortunate, by the erection of large and Bplendid asylums. Also, large jails and penitentiaries were built iii which to confine the criminal classes; large sums of monej have been annually expended in the prosecution, and subse- quent confinement and maintenance of the violators of the law. All tin- under existing conditions is now necessarj and proper. And. naturally too, in a country like ours with great opportunities and rapidlj increasing population, crime would also be committed, and criminals must be apprehended and convicted, if possible; and all tin- is at the expense of the State. It may !><• true, until recent years, there was nol thai pressing necessity for special legislation in behalf of the inexperienced and dependent children of the State. However this may be, until within a short period of time, boys and udrls of tender years, under our criminal laws, when prosecuted at all. were pushed along with the hardened criminal into the common jail and prison, there to be exposed to the evil influences of t he continued criminal. And in man} cases the bright-eyed hut poorly clad youth, through no particular fault of his, but being the subject of unfortu- nate environments, sometimes a- the result of the unnatural and vicious conduct and neglect of his parent-, was made to feel the blighting influence of being confined in the common prison, and in this wa\ the tender (reelings of the child have been withered and neglected, until, seeing no hope, no friend!) or kindly hand or aid being presented or ottered, the weak, dependent, saddened and dis- couraged ho\ has chosen to seek his home among those who have no feelings or inclinations of noble manhood or good citizenship. In later years, bowever, prompted by our greater civilization and humanity, the dripping tears of lender sorrow from the eyes and 381 cheeks of the unfortunate boy and girl who were confined in the lonely prison, and also many found in the lonely and forsaken hovel. attracted the attention of the noble men and women of the land: and. strange as it may seem to us who live in the remote and quiet country places of this great commonwealth, and priding ourselves as we suppose, in our advanced position and condition of thought. civilization and moral worth, that in the great city of Chicago, in the midst of its busy life, in that metropolis of our State, was chiefly devel- oped the sentiment and idea, which finally, after a struggle, and long drawn out battle, on the part of the promotors of better, and special, and much needed laws for the government and care of the dependent children of the State, the great work was begun, to save if possible the suffering children of the community, which must be done if we shall remain a great nation, passing and drifting as they were, with the tide, to a hopeless and in many cases to an irretrievably lost con- dition. But noble men and women of nerve and moral courage, with high purposes, persevered in the effort, and the result of their good work was the production of the law. although yet imperfect, known the Juvenile Court Law of this State. Following other provisions, section seven of this law. which is brief, reads as follows: "When any child under the age of sixteen years shall be found to be 'Im- pendent or neglected, within the meaning of this act. the conrt may make an order committing the child to the care of some suitable State institution, or to the care of some reputable citizen of good moral character, or to the care of some training school, or an industrial school, as provided by law. or to the care of some association willing to receive it. embracing in its objects the purpose of caring for, or obtaining - homes for dependent or neglected children, which association shall have been accredited as hereinafter provided. The court may. when the condition or the health of the child shall require it. cause the child to be placed in a public hospital or institution for treat- ment or special care, or in a private hospital, or institution which will receive it for like purposes without charge." This section briefly states what is the duty and can be done by the court, and what disposition may be made of a dependent child. The acts further provides for the proper organization of the court, and the appointment of Probation Officers to assist the court in the performance of its duties. I consider that I have no duty to perform as county judge of Sanagamon county more sacred than the duty of faithfully executing the Juvenile Court Law of the State, and if possible, in rescuing from a helpless and unfortunate condition, and saving, as I believe, in many cases, both soul and body of the unfortunate and tender youth of our land. Save the children if you can — save them to their country and save them to their God. When you have done this you have done a noble work, not only for and in behalf of the child, bui you have been the means of maintaining one of the pillars, although now tender and weak, upon which society and the government in which we live, must rest in the future. Should all the dependent children of the State drift into further poverty and criminality, they will be here as members of society just the same, as a part of the constituent framework of the State, and the government would have a very serious and dangerous problem with which to contend. But, 382 if yon can, by your earned endeavors tnrn this now dangerous and abeoluteli present current into thai of pure and noble citizenship, you will have done much for the individual dependent, and you will have done much for your State and country. Tin- task of diverting and changing the life of a dependent child, hampered, as the task too often is, by worthless parents, requires patience and determined ettort, and the courl which undertakes t<> administer the Juvenile Courl law, should have firmness, softened with ,-i spirit of mere] and kindness, and necessaril] he should be ;i pers i' affairs, and especiail] family affairs. I Laughter and ap- plause). In tin- greal city of < " 1 1 i < •; i ^< > .- 1 1 n I count] of Cook there are many charitable institutions which will temporarily care for the dependent lio\ or girl until soi nt • more Buitable home can be found for the child, Inn in count ics of less population we have not such institutions numerous, and therefore have been driven to the plain proposition of getting a home for the 003 or girl with some suitable family, who will take them and provide for them temporarily al least, and tortun- natel] in many cases the new arrangemenl is n blessing to both the family and child. I believe in the practice of as much as possible placing dependent children in the country districts with the farming community. In such homes they are to u greal extent removed from the dangerous influences which in many cases were the cause of the downfall of both parent and child. We have located a number of both boys and girls of tender age within fiftj miles of the city of Springfield which were rescued through the instrumentality of the Juvenile Court, from an apparentl] certain life of crime and which children are now in ,1 position to become useful and honorable <-iti- zens of the commonwealth, In man} cases, you must for the child's own good, take it away from its parents, and sec to it that it has a proper home and Burroundings ; at least temporary detention and confinement is in many cases a necessity. Sangamon count} has erected a handsome structure in the cit] of Springfield for the temporal 1 ] detention of the dependent children, which is under the supervision of the Bheriff and proper assistants. The Springfield H e for the Friendless has kindly cared for man] children temporaril] consigned to it b] the Juvenile Court, and from there thej are placed, under the law, as quickl] as possible in proper l.nnil\ homes, nnder proper restrictions. The magnificent home for boys now in course of erection and preparation al St. Charles will be an everlasting monument to the State, and to the true patriotism and philanthropy of its prom* >ters and contributors. Their patriotic and sympathetic motives in this good work, catch their inspirations from the Immortal God, leaving at an immeasurable distance all lesser and personal interests, prompted b] those noble Impulses. Those who so nobl] contribute to this great work exhibit a public virtue that is the noblest and most sublime of all public virtues and philanthropic impulses. Time alone can and will tell the storv of their wisdom and their devotion to a God- 383 given principle which will result in the elevation of suffering human- ity, which will in its turn contribute very largely to the purification of the social conditions in our State and country. Mr. Hurley — I understand several gentlemen present will have to leave tonight, who are anxious to hear the next report Mr. Hart is to make, and probably can take it up. I know the report is to be made and 1 think their exact time is fixed. We could resume the remainder of the discussion of the first topic at some convenient time tomorrow, whereas these other interested delegates must leave to- night. Judge Murray — I only want to say. Mr. Chairman, so far as you hear anything from me. you will have to hear me now. If you do not desire to hear any more of it. I can discontinue Mr. Hurley — No. no; not at all. Judge Murray — Eesuming address: The object of the Juvenile Court law is not to punish, but to rescue and save the dependent as well as delinquent children from becoming confirmed criminals. Is it not much better that the government gives its aid to. and throws its arms around the badly situated boy or girl, and lifts them out of a course of life which means certain moral and political, as well as spiritual death, if not prevented by the strong arm of the law. As an economic proposition, it is advisable. As a duty we owe to the struggling, abused and neglected infants, we should see to it that the government protects and helps this element of the community. If one-half of the money expended now, neces- sarily as society exists, for the prosecution, conviction and main- tenance of the criminal classes, were properly expended in rescuing the helpless children and in the vigorous correction of many indolent. trifling and unworthy parents, crime would to a large extent cease. We would have a purer, better, nobler citizenship — less crime and fewer jails compared with the number of people — a surer foundation for an intelligent and strong citizenship than we have now. As 1 have said before, the government is spending vast amounts of money, fighting and taking care of the floods of crime and their ruinous effects. Never for once, until recently, did it occur to our lawmakers that if they were to give more attention to the dependent children of the State, the ruinous tide would cease. The govern- ment has prosecuted and taken care of the increasing number of criminals, and paid well for it. but neglected to provide for or against the resourceful cause or causes of crime, and neglected to stop and correct the tide which would sooner or later engulf this fair land of ours. Take care of and protect the dependent and misguided youth of the land, and you have done much in the direction of reform. The .Juvenile Court law of this State needs to be further amended. It needs to be amended that if on the hearing of the case, the court finds that the child's unfortunate condition is traceable to the direct fault of. or the vice or vices, or neglect of the father or mother, that is in case it is the willful worthlessness of the parents or either of them that is the cause of the child's troubles, that such parent if :>! gived a direct and immediate dose of 1 1 » « - rock-pili some other wholesome balm of thai kind. The court should straighten them "nt as well as the child. The remedy now in such cases is not Bimple and direcl enough. This would also have a wholesome effecl among thai class of people in general. W'h.it the dependent and delinquent youth of our country want and need, is a friend in fact, individual, as wel] as the friendship <>t' the strong arm of the State. I am aol an advocate of asking the State, under all circumstances, t<> do thai which the parenl ought to do. If the parents neglecl their duty, and if it is impossible under the law to compel them to discharge their duty, then the State should, as one of it- mosl important duties, place the child in a position to become, it' it will, at least a reputable citizen; and bere is wherein the great work of the Juvenile Court comes in. It is a responsible duty and will no doubt be faithfully and cheerfully performed by the proper judges and courts of t he State. The children of the State need this friendship. Friendship! What is it.- Can you tell me what will take the place in the aching heart, of a true friend? Experience answers, nothing. Small acts and deeds of kindness al the righl time are invaluable. A torch will stop a train. It i- said that even the hemes dying on the battlefield ask not for Plato, but for a cup of cold water. To Benedict Arnold, dying in his garret, came a physician, who -aid: "Is there anything you wish'.'"' and there came from the lips of the dying and disap- pointed man this answer, '< mly a friend." It is said that aboul each little dependent, forsaken soul, bows some guardian angel, and He who unites the influence of the grains ^\' -and to support the >trne;. gling plant in the dessert, and rays of light for glorious Bunshine, and makes blades of glass for the Bplendor of field and pasture, and drops of water for the ocean that hlesses ever) continent with its dew and rain, teaches as also thai greal principles will organize the little words, little prayers, little aspirations, and little services for and in be- half of the wards of societj into the full orbed splendor of an endur- ing character, anil an immortal fame, whose influence will only end at t he final c. usummal ion of all t hings. Chairman McManaman We have used up twelve and one-half minutes more time than was allotted to us. I will now turn the chair over to the chairman of the other committee, to report on work being done for children Dr. Bastings II Hart of Chicago. A.NNO! \< BMENTS OP COMMITTEE MEETINGS Committee on Organization at Hotel Nelson the next morning at 8 •'■'' Committee <>n Time and Place, Hotel Nelson, 8:30 a. m. Requesl bj chairman of the Committee on Resolutions thai all resolutions he presented to the secretary. Db. Hastings II Hart, Chairman The Committee on Work Being Hone for Children had it> program mapped out for i1 l>\ the Executive Committee. It was t he requesl of the committee that this bod] -honld hear from Mr Bodine on the work which is being done 385 by the Compulsory Educational Departmenl of the City of Chicago, and from Mr. Davies on the work being done under the Child Labor law. In order that the wish of the Executive Committee may not be disappointed, it seems the wisest way is. first . to hear from these gen- tlemen. I am sorry to say that the time allotted these gentlemen will have to he restricted to seven and one-half minutes. We will hear, first, from Mr. Bodine. Superintendent of Compulsory Educa- tion in the City of Chicago, on the work done in Chicago. Me. Tanner — As this is the last committee to report tonight, I see no objection to giving them as much time as desired. I don't believe those present would object to remaining as Long as necessary. Mr. Bodine — All I have to say will be said in seven minutes. without the half minute. W. L. Bodine, of the Compulsory Education Department, Board of Education, Chicago — In the enforcement of laws for the promotion of school attendance in Chicago I prosecute the actual offender. The parent is fined under the compulsory education law if he is to blame: if the child is the offender, and beyond parental control, the prosecu- tion is conducted under the Parental School law. The compulsory education law is the only one that reaches the parent, and I speak advisedly, after conducting 1.200 prosecutions of all kinds during the past two years, when I say that incompatibility, intemperance and immorality among parents is the cause of seventy-five per cent of the juvenile truancy and delinquency in Chicago. The social conditions among parents in Chicago, revealed by the enforcement of the compulsory education law, are a disgrace to modern civilization. Is it any wonder that children go wrong when so many men and women go to the altar with a dee]) and holy joy in their fickle hearts and take each other, not for "better," but for "worse;'* not to "love," but to hate; not to "honor and cherish." but to deceive and tight with; not to "protect." but to neglect, to desert or divorce. Marriage is not a failure. It is the weak, incompetent, insincere creatures who are not tit to wed and raise children, who are the fail- ures. The country has gone divorce crazy. And as a result, thous- ands of children are half orphaned by court decisions: and it is the children whose futures sutler by it all. Desertion is a "poor man's divorce" and there are thousands of men who desert wives and families to leave theni at the mercy of the world. This is the real American peril. Re-marriages have often brought stepfathers and stepmothers whose cruelty has driven children into the ever- reaching arms of crime. Foster parents are frequently just as brutal. I know of in- stances of cruelty to children that would make an Apache Indian hang his feathered heat 1 in meek and lowly shame What can you expect in a city where there is constanl strife between capital and labor? There is a pathetic side to every strike and every lock-out. It is the children's side the cottage of aching hearts due to disputes between employer and employed. —25 B C Commercialism in < Ihicago has become so grasping, so far-reaching, among certain employers, thai the) will qoI even Bpare a child's future. Many of the large employers nowadays, who have - 1 »♦ ■ n t half their lives getting rich, and are spending the other half • n< 1< - go t<> work, bul who cannol work over eighl hours, according to a provision "t that same excellent ami humane law. that i> enforced bo strongl) ami faithfully by State Factor) Inspector Davies. Wh) do these employers do it? Because, forsooth, they draw a line on employing any children under 16 years that they can work their juvenile employes as i'>nu r as they please, and thus t • \ ; i c I • ■ the restrictions of that clause of the child Labor law. While the school records show a great ami gratifying in- in the attendance in the higher grades, and that many children over fourteen still remain in school, even after they have passed the compul8or) attendance age, there are many, yery, very man) boys and L^i lis between fourteen and sixtei a, of legal working age, who do not return to school, and who cannot find permanent employment because the) are not sixteen. Idleness is conducive to juvenile delinquency, and those older boys tempi the smaller hoys to play truant, ami quite frequentl) to smoke and steal. The fault i> not with the law. It is with this class of ->eltish employers, for it' eighl hours is long enough for a man to work, it i-- long enough for a child to work. I believe that these particular employers will eventually see the injustice of their attitude and !»■ guided by the better angels of their nature, to give ever) bo) and girl over fourteen a chance to make an honest living a1 reasonable working hours. It was the polic) of that able and fair jurist, Judge Mack of the Juvenile Court, always to hear the child's side in court, and to give every child a chance to plead his cause, and I want to commend him for it. for his fairness and his patience. I want to say at this time, that we can never forget t he name and splendid work of that man of aoble heart, Bon. Richard S. Tut hill, who was his predecessor. I believe that in the women's clubs, the social settlements, the charit) organizations, the enforcemenl of the compulsory education, child labor and Juvenile Court laws is the hope of the republic and the safeguard of t he nation. To the women of I Nino is belongs t he credil of agitation that makes the betterment of child life possible. While we jawsmiths of political parties have been debating on the money quest ii in. ami whether it i-, better t" shool peace into the Filipinos, or give it on the tip of an olive branch, the women of Illinois have been giving a moral and intellectual uplift to the children, and have been active in child saving work, to the glor) of the home, the school ami t he Stale that Lincoln loved. (Applause). ( '11 \ii;m w 1 1 \i. i We are to hear, next, from M r. Edgar T. I >a\ ies, State Factor) Inspector. Mr. Davies will have nine minutes instead • veil, as the other gentleman used only live. (We are unable to secure a cop) "I Mr. Davies' paper.) Committee report b) Dr Bart. Chairman, as follows: 387 Report of Committee on Wobk Being Done fob Children, Rockfobd, 111.. November. 15, L904. Your Committee on Work being done for Children respectfully sub- mits the following report: Your committee is embarrassed l>y the meagerness of the time allotted to it. in view of the fad that this reporl is supposed to cover the work being done for all classes of children, dependents, delin- quents and defectives, by all kinds of agencies, including work for truant children under the Compulsory Education law. and for working children under the Child-labor law. COMPULSORY EDUCATION. Mr. W. L. Bodine, superintendent of compulsory education in Chi- cago, says that "divorce, desertion and dissipation cause truancy and delinquency," and that "parents and environment are to blame for 75 per cent of the present conditions among our truant, dependent and delinquent children." Mr. Bodine adds: "Three hundred parents have been brought to task for not sending their children to school, ami have been fined from $5 to 820 and costs. Eight fathers have been committed to jail. Out of the 1200 warning notices served by truant officers. 900 parents complied and kept their children in school. Those who did not were arrested."" In the office of the Chicago superintendent of compulsory educa- tion a thorough system of records has been established. Your committee has not been able to obtain information as to the workings of the Compulsory Education law in other parts of the State: but in many cities of the State truant officers have been appointed and the law is well enforced. IMPROVEMENT IX CHILD-SAVING WORK. There is a gradual improvement in the quality of the work for dependent and neglected children in the State of Illinois. Methods that were regarded as adequate and proper five years ago are no longer considered proper. There has been a great increase of the sense of responsibility involved in undertaking the permanent care of a child. This is especially true of the best institutions and soci- eties in the matter of children placed in homes. < )nly a few years ago great stress was laid upon the cheapness with winch children could be cared for by the placing-out system: but such claims are no Longer made by experienced and conscientious workers. The superintendent of a new institution recently published the fol- lowing statement : ••Personal examination of homes in which we are to place children is an imperative need. This takes and involves expense, lint when a child has once been wisely placed our trouble is Largely at an end. as regards that par- ticular child." This superintendent, being an honest ami conscienl ions man. will soon discover that in most cases the trouble and expense lias only began when a child is placed in .1 family home. He adds: "An occasional \i-n is an encouragemenl to tin- child and i<> the good |mc i) »lt • u \\< • care f< >r it." I perience proves that, even with the utmost care in selecting Inmifs. ,-it leasl one-half <>l the children placed will return sooner or later for replacement. An [llinois Bociet) which kc| it an accurate accounl of 100 children under supervision in Family homes lasl year found that the average expense per child for supervising, visiting, replacing, etc., was aboul $15. A Massachusetts Bociet) which d< eery thorough and careful work in watching over its wards found that expense to be aboul $26 per child, The provisions of the Juvenile Court law, for the oversight and inspection <>f children's institutions and societies, and their certifica- tion by the State Board of Public Charities, has already exercised an appreciable influence to improve the work d \ in this State. It is the belief of your committee that the supervision of the Board of Public Charities Bhould not be restricted, as it now is, to institutions receiving children under the Juvenile Court law, but that all institu- tions which undertake the care of orphans, homeless or neglected children, should be required to hold the certificate of the State Board of Public Charities, [f a child has property, the State steps in and undertakes to see thai its interests are protected and thai its propert) is no1 wasted, no matter how faithful and competent it- natural pro- tectors may be. How much more should the State undertake to safe- guard the interests of those children who have neither property nor faithful and efficient guardians. Four committee believes also that no child should be given by the parents or guardians to an) associa- tion or corporation wit hoi it the approval of a competenl court. Your committee is deeply impressed with the urgenl necessity of immediate provisions for epileptic children. Six years ago the legis- lature took action for the establishment of a State colony for epilep- tics. This action, undoubtedly, represents the sentiment of the peo- ple of the State; bul most unfortunatel) the generous intention of the legislature has failed for wanl of action and an appropriation b) suc- ceeding legislatures. No unfortunates are more entitled to sympathy and tender care than epileptics. While other diseases ma) be traced to misconduct on the pari of the unfortunate or his parents, this dis- ease is not traceable to an) such cause; indeed, the most skillful physicians are una hie to assign a cause. A considerable portion of these unfortunates can becuredorgreatl) benefited if the) are taken in the earl) Btages of thedisease: nol b) Bpecific medication, bul b) congenial and sanitary surroundings, suit- able employment, and especially l>> a carefull) prescribed diet. It i-- impossible to secure these favorable conditions in ordinary famil) home-,. The chances of recover) can unquestionably be doubled b) care in a Buitable institution. The epileptic is doubl) unfortunate because his malad) is such as to debar him from man) occupations. An epileptic cannol l>e a painter or a carpenter or a bricklayer, because those occupations ex- pose him to loss of life b) falls. He cannol be a teacher or a Bales- man or a Btreel car employe, because those occupations would make 389 him the cause of danger or serious trouble to the public. Thus the avenues of employment are closed to him in a large degree, even before that decay of his physical and mental powers, which is an inevitable consequence of his affliction. FEEBLE-MINDED YOUNG WOMENi Your committee believes that no department of child-saving work is more important than provision for feeble-minded young women. Universal experience proves that the majority of feeble-minded young women left at large in the community become mothers, and that the majority of their offspring become dependent upon the public, being either dependent, delinquent or defective. Almshouses, prisons, reformatories, insane hospitals and institutions for the feeble-minded receive a large proportion of their population from this chiss. while multitudes of the children of such mothers are at large in the com- munity, a Imrden upon its productive members. As a bald pecuniary proposition, it may fairly be said that an insti- tution that will provide for the feeble-minded women of the State during the child-bearing period, will save to the community at leasl five times its cost. THE ST. CHARLES HOME FOR DELINQUENT BOYS, Your committee shares in the general interest of the people of Illi- nois in the establishment of the State Home for Delinquent Boys. For many years Illinois has enjoyed the unenviable reputation of being the only important northern state which sends little boys to prison, to be confined with adult criminals, and which maintains no suitable separate reformatory for young boys. Your committee shares aiso in the general disappointment at the long delay in getting this much-needed institution into operation. The Board of Trustees has been making strenuous efforts to open the institution, but has been hindered by a succession of difficulties. The committee recommends that this Conference urge upon the Board of Trustees of the St. Charles Home for Boys that they hasten the work on this institution so that it may receive children destined for it before the first of the year: and in order to accomplish this that they open cottage after cottage as soon as possible. (Signatures): Hastings H. Hart. Henry Davis. Mrs. Jennie Wateehouse, Harriet M. YanDerYaart. Edw. Kelly, Lulu Huppebs, Mrs. E. N. McCauley. E. Rubovitz. Chairman Hart — This committee was much embarrassed by the fact that such limited time was assigned for the discussion of so large a subject. I very much wish there had been time for a full discussion :;'.mi of the subjects of this and Mr. McManaman'e committee, and b< there maj I"- Bome time tomorrow which will be available for this discussion. Adjournment to 9:30 a. m. of the following day • Wednesday, November 16, 1904. ( Jonference reconvened al 9:30 a m. Chair taken bj Mrs. Georgi M Moulton, Chairman of Committee, on Woman Reformatory Work and Care of Feeble-Minded Females, wli.p made reporl t'<>r thai committee as follows: Woman Refobmatobi Wobh lnd Cabe ch Feeble-Minded Women. (Mre. ■■-■ M. Moulton, Chairman.) The snbjecl for consideration by this committee, "Woman Reforma- tory Work and Care of Feeble-Minded Women," covers so much ground and is of such vast imp irtance to cne philanthropic and econ- omic interests of our State, that to more than touch upon it. in the thirty-five minutes allotted, is an utter impossibility. It is said that alJ philanthropic work begins with infancy. From the observation of the reader, could the members of this Conference, the National Conference, and all persons interested and identified in this line of work, have had the grandparents and great-grandparents to work upon, many of the problems of the present hour would have Lien solved. Before calling upon Mrs. Anii^h to tell you from oul of her vast experience, the need of necessary care for these unfortunates, and that yon may he deciding in your own minds the need and wisdom of asking from the nexl Legislature the establishment of a colony for the>c women, iii connect ion with the Children's Feeble-Minded Insti- tution at Lincoln, I will brieflj submil following data: June 30, L903, there were L23 feeble-minded women in 54 county almshouses, June 30, L904, there were -J:::! in 95 county alms- houses, Being desirous of knowing the number outside n\' custodial care, a duplicate of the following blank was mailed to 1.711 super- visors of the |(ii! counties of Illinois. Septembeb L9, L904. '/'m ,,nh County Supervisor m the State of Illinois: Deab Sn; The Committee on Woman Reformatory Work and Care of Feeble-Minded Females of the Illinois State Conference of Charities, to be held at Rockford November L5-16, 1**01. is desirous of collecting data concerning the idiotic and feeble-minded women between the ages of fifteen and fortj five veal-, m your township, ex- clusive of those in public institutions, almshouses, etc Will you have the kindness to till in the blank form of letter attached below, and mail it in the inclosed stamped addressed en- velope? Very t ruly j < »urs, Secret a r\ . 391 Illinois. L904. To flic State Commissioners of Public Charities, Springfield, III.: Gentlemen- The number of idiotic and feeble-minded women between the ages of fifteen and forty-five years in my township, outside of those in public institutions, almshouses, etc., is Of this number .ire receiving pauper relief from the county, township or city, and are cared for in private families. Respectfully. Supervisor Township. In response to this request, reports have been received and tabu- lated from each county excepting Brown. Cass, Edwards, Henderson, Pulaski. Scott. Union and Williamson. Eleven supervisors of eight townships report "Unable to give records." Nineteen supervisors reported from townships not listed on maps or postal guide. Four supervisors reported without giving any location whatever. Seven hundred and four supervisors have submitted data indicating that 180 townships are giving aid to 102 feeble-minded females, and that in these same locations families are caring for 237. making a total of 339. which, added to the 233 now in almshouses, gives us the fact that there are today 576 of these women in need of custodial care, treatment and training. There is no law that requires authorized institutions to, report the number of feeble-minded inmates. There is no record of the feeble- minded and idiotic females between the ages of fifteen and forty-five now cared for in the State, county and city institutions that will upon reaching the age limit be released from this watchful care to become, eventually, charges upon the neighborhood in which they locate. The following is a sample of some of the answers received in reply to the letter of inquiry: Bureau County — "Thank God. up to the present time we have not got enny." DeKalb — "None. We are mighty lucky, eh?" Grundy — " — - has not a pauper or a feeble-minded person in it. thank God." Hancock — "Nothing of the kind in my township." Iroquois — •'Fortunately we have not even a pauper in our town- ship, not for the last five years." Kane — '"One of my old Batchlor clerks says I had ought to Put down as feeble-minded the whole female Population." Marion — "We have got no paupers nor idiots in our township at the present time." St. Clair — "I have none in my township, thank you." Washington — "I aint got no Idiotic and feeble minded women in my township." — "After enquiring of Difert parties I dont Know of . one you Enquire about. 1 find many a feeble minded man so Week they are Throwing themselves a Way in Drunkness but this is not the Kind vou are Lookin for."' Feeble-Minded Adult Women in III' N I ■> - • - - -- - - 7 -3 - Z H m 5 - 1 - - - 5 - : I - \: i 2 i l 12 i 1 i l I li 1 i ' J 16 2 •"> 8 5 5 20 1 3 li A 8 6 7 i t'lurk i 1 1 i i ! I 1 I 12 1 I 1 i 1 2 1 l 2 I 3 DeVVitl 2 ■> i 1 1 1 1 1 2 D •• i 3 J '.' S li 2 5 :. 2 II l i 3 - l i 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 3 l I 3 10 1 7 1 Fulton A i ■N 1 1 1 : 1 ^ 1 Iriirs 10 in 3 i 12 5 u 2 9 12 i i ■ a 21 J 15 12 L0 li 6 8 I -. n 15 i 8 j 2 1 1 1 i 1 7 -' 1 ■> i T . n I 11 " 1 - R I I I 1 1 1 3 I 3 2 8 •_• 2 5 I 2 J 2 g I 3 l li i 5 l :• 5 1 6 3 1 2 •_• 2 8 I 1 1 R •> 12 •■! 1 - 1 1 10 Mat i iiipln. .1 Ifl - 3 3 Ml 1 '■ II [] ,. • li. 2 3 •• 3 10 Mi II. uo 10 •> Monroe Montgomery 3 •_■ 2 1 l 1 5 2 I R 2 ■• 2 393 Feeble-Minded Adult Womenin Illinois Concluded. County. — - ?'/• at) : n : - ■ -x - c X ■ ^ '■ 5' ■ !£ : 5. 1 3 — - : 5 / i 3 . n ■ re : i5 - n ft - n 3 2. : < : 5' : *! : ? ■ 5 ■ '~ Moultrie 6 14 11 I 10 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 Ogle n Piatt Pike 1 1 1 1 i i Pulaski i 3 ."> 7 11 1 3 3 l 3 3 1 •i Rock Island :<, 1 Scott Shelby 8 9 6 2 3 1 3 •> fi St. Clair :i Stark 3 3 3 2 5 13 1 4 *} 4 11 12 3 1 1 5 1 i 1 4 ■) 9 1 »i "Wabash Warren •> <• l White 1 Will .") •") ."> 11 10 2 3 3 3 3 3 704 180 102 237 3! i9 At the conclusion of the report of the committee, Mrs. Moulton. the committee chairman, called upon Mrs. Ophelia L. Amigh, who responded as follows: Custodial Care of Feeble Minded Females. (Ophelia L. Amigh, Superintendent'of the State Training School for Girls, Geneva.) I am well aware, before reading this paper, that perhaps only a few people will agree with me in my ideas about this subject, but it has come to me through an experience of ten years, dealing with girls who are. many of them, fast growing into the class of individuals thai Mrs. Moulton has just been talking about, and wherein we can see a very great menace to our State, and to any other State, in fact, allow- ing this class to go unprovided with custodial care I rather surmise that people will begin to think that I am getting to "tie a woman of one idea, and that one idea looking toward the con- tinuous care of defective people. Since early childhood 1 have been inwardly asking the question as to why certain people are allowed to m nin.it large over the land, with no one to guide, control or regulate their actions in any way, when even the casual observer could thai the) were not capable of taking care of themselves, and became the target of all kinds of jeers and Insults from tin- rabble around tliriu. The man or woman, bo\ or girl, who was considered back- ward, and who was really feeble-minded, fort) years .iu r ". did not excite much sympathy, and nol much care was accorded them, < ili.it thej were nol allowed to freeze or starve, If , in coming in contact uith the families of farmers or other kind-hearted people, they were found to be hungry or in need of old cloth* - No attempt was made to teach, train or in any waj to better their condition. I can remem- ber, and I presume many in this audience can do the si s, of both men and women who roamed around al will during the summer, and spent the winter in the count) house, during a comparatively long lifetime. One such woman wIk.ih 1 knew gave birth toseven illegiti- mate children, and only one of the entire number ever became capa- ble of taking care of himself , and when he attained manhood's estate he married and was tin- father of two defective children in a family of five. Since being in the position I now occupy ;ill these recollections have returned to me with Btartling vividness, because among the girls sent to our school are found so man) who will in time increase the number of vagrants and criminals, if some step is not taken to keep them under custodial care during the entire life of the individual, or some other efforl made to cul off the supply of the defective class, or perha] - I should sa) classes, for there are different degrees among these defective ones, [do nol think I ever saw them better classified than in the September number of "Charities," in an article written b) Martin W Barr, Chief Physician of the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-Minded Children. [ do not think that Dr. Barr claims to have originated this classification, bu1 quotes Dr. Kerlin ;is having don< The classes mentioned in "Charities" as those who should come under asyl inn care are: Firsl Tin- unimprovable idiot. nd Improvable in self-help only. Third Those trainable in a very limited degree to assisl others. Those who should !»• placed under custodial care for life and under tual guardianship are the moral imbecile, otherwise the men- tall) and morall) deficient, and these he mentions in three grades: l..iu Grade Trainable in industrial occupation; temperamenl bestial. Middle Grade Trainable in industrial and manual occupation, bul ;i plotter ■ >f mischief. Ilii. r li Grade Trainable in manual ami intellectual arts, with a genius for .•vil. Three grades under second head: Long apprenticeship and colony life under protection; these are the mentall) deficient: Low Grade Trainable in industrial and simplesl manual occupations. Middle Grade Trainable in manual arts and simplesl mental acquirements. High Grade Trainable in manual and intellectual arts. Still another class comes under the head of "Backward and Men- tally Feeble,' 1 and these can be trained for ,i place in the world. He 395 describes them as: "•Mental processes normal bu1 slow,and requiring special training and environment to prevent deterioration. Defect imminent under slightest provocal ion, such as excitement, over-stim- ulation or illness." All these classes we have to deal with, and nude]- the iaw that now brings them to us all must go free at twenty-one years of age, and a large percentage of them can never be anything but an expense to the State, whether under custodial care or allowed to become either vagrants or criminals. They can in most cases become self-support- ing by having some manual labor suited to them to perform, and pec- sons with normal brain power to direct their operations. This would at once, when properly directed, cut down the increase of this very undesirable population, and lessen the expense of the State and remove a greal menace to life and property. "But." says one, "there must be a cause for all this degeneracy." There is; and in my opinion one great cause is drunkenness, for with few exceptions the girls either have one drunken parent or both An- other says: "But does not environment and poor nourishment have much to do with it?" Certainly it does. Does the drunkard care very much about the environment or nourishment of his children? I tell you. No. The money he earns, if indeed he works at all. goes to nourish the children of the liquor dealer, whose children can grow up in a better environment than those of the drunkard. For years and years have the saloons been striving with wide-open doors, not only to finish off the old drunkards, but to keep a new supply coming on, drawn from the ranks of the young and unwary. We boast of a high state of civilization in this broad land of ours, and in the years past have invited the down-trodden of all nations to find a home on our shores: but no sooner do they come than many of them fall victims to our saloon system, and neglected families, rioting, robbing and murders, are the result. Many a girl has said to me, when telling of a drunken father: "My father did not drink in the old country, but after he came here he did not do much of anything else." And this last is true of many native-born Americans as well. I could tell you of case after case that would draw tears to the eyes of those who had been guilty of the sin of omission : and this is why the children go wrong, and the girls finally are sent to Geneva and other schools of the kind, and the boys to the John Worthy. Pontiac, etc. For years we have been sowing the wind, and we must now reap the whirlwind. I think one must be brought face to face with degeneracy to real- ize it in all its horrors, and I know of no words too strong to lie used to stir up the thinking people to take decisive steps to stop the in- crease of the defective classes. It is better to take heed now than in future to be obliged to contemplate the sad picture that will present itself to us, forcing upon us the truth of the saying, "We have reaped as we have sown." I was much impressed recently while reading a book written by Rev. Dwight Hillis, "A Man's Value to Society." He says statis- ticians reckon the average man's value at six hundred dollars a year. This being the case, the economic loss, he says, through the nun- 396 productivity of twent) thousand drunkards is equal to one Chicago tin- involving two hundred millions. This is seemingly the cold hard cash value, but wli.it shall we saj about the effect produced on the children on the same twent) thousand drunkards? Could anyone estimate the terrible consequences of the degeneracj thai must exist among the progeny of these drunkards, with hick of the right kind of environment and nutrition calculated to form the right kind of growth, mentally and physically, of the descendants of this army of intemperate men and women ': \\ . Bevan Lewis says "Ancestral drunkenness makes itself fell in the development of the epileptic offspring amongsl the non-criminal community, in the moral obtuseness and degradation <>t' such sub- jects, in the frequency of imbecile Hi- idiotic offspring and peculiar epiletic states 01 mind. A large amount of juvenile depravity may lit- distinctly traced to these epileptoid Btates inherited from an alco- holic or neurotic parentage. Alcoholism in either <>t' the parents is one of the most fruitful causes of crime in the child and becomes a symptom as well as a cause of degeneracy." I find, in reading Judge Kinne's paper, read before the State Con- ference <>t' Minnesota, that in L890 we had a report <>f eight hundred thousand defective people, and that today, judging l»y the former in- crease, we would have one million two hundred and fifty thousand to care for. ts it not about time thai something was done to stop the increase of the non-producers who must ever be cared for while they live, and to take t hose who are dangerous under custodial care and see to it that they shall nol propagate their kind?" Mi> Falconer, being called upon by the chairman of the commit- tee, addressed the ( Jonference: M - Martha P. Falconer, of the Illinois Children's Eome and Aid Society, and Chicago Woman's Club I realize there is a great deal of prejudice against putting these older girls and women into institutions. I think perhaps it comes from a Lack of education, or thought, upon the subject. What is a feeble-minded girl or woman? I think that man) people feel thai only the very imbecilic or idiotic persi >ii Bhould be cared for in thai way, It certainly is nol the kindest thing to allow a girl who is nol capable of self-directing her Life, to have her freedom al eighteen. Thai is the thought is it the kindesl t hiiiL, r .' to Baj nothing of the economic interests of the State, to give tli.it girl her freedom al eighteen, nol onlj the idiot or imbecile, bul the girl not capable of caring for herself, of self -direction. Verj often she is well developed physically, bul Lacking mentally, capable of work, and capable of a certain amount of education, up to a few grades. Such girls could have happy, useful lives. I believe; but thej certainl) Bhould have this custodial care. The arm of the State ought to protecl them from themselves. These girls Mrs Arnigh must give up at eighteen; and man) of us have known it is not a wrise thing to Lei t hem go out and take .-are of t heiiiselws or try to do it. in that wax. Dr. Alexander Johnson has often said, the hest guardian of the feeble-minded individual i- the one trained to the work. Sue 1 1 persons are willing to do things tor such a charge which 397 other persons would find very disagreeable and very hard todo. Pos- sibly we could arrange it in some way so thai such girls might nave this care, if they could be kept for the greater number of years of their lives. I feel that it ought to be our thought and efforl to ascer- tain what we can do for these girls. A girl in whom I was interested was recently sent to Lincoln. A good woman took her there for me. The woman came to me and said: "I felt terrible to take that girl to Lincoln: she is no more feeble- minded than you or I. She could answer rationally: she could talk. She stayed in my house a day or two. 1 felt terrible to take her to Lincoln." She did not know as well as the rest of us. who had known this particular girl for years, thai she was not capable of deciding things for herself. It is not prison life that we urge for those people. They can lead useful lives and they can support them- selves. The normal man is expected to support himself and others. The person who is not normal certainly can earn enough to take care of herself, if she is properly directed by others. A young girl was returned to us some time ago from Buffalo — a young girl in whom I was interested. The Buffalo people had decided that the girl was insane, had been pronounced so by the authorities there. They thought, as she belonged to Illinois, they would return her to Illinois, and did so, under the care of an attendant. We put her in the Detention Hospital, where she was watched for a week. When the trial came up, the jury said she was not insane. She was not. They asked if she had a guardian. She said she was nearly of age. They were rather horrified that we should have put that girl in the Detention Hospital for a week. I said. "Where else could we put a girl returned from Buffalo as insane?" The girl was given her freedom. She was a well developed girl physically. We looked after her just as long as we could. The girl is married, and I do not think her life can be happy. She never should have been allowed to marry and bear children, and try to take care of her own home. It is not the kindest thing for that girl, and it is certainly not the economical thing for the State. Among many other answers, this letter was received by the com- mittee, and comes from a county in the central part of the State, under date of October 1, 1904. Mrs. Moulton has spoken of this most excellent work, of sending out blanks, and seeking to obtain reports. "Gentlemen — This case is one now living in Gridley. A feel tie- minded woman has some money, left her as a portion of an estate, who now has two illegitimate children, and requires care." He names a prominent official, who is her conservator. The case should be looked after by the proper officials. Has anyone the right to look after that woman? She is of age. Are we just going to allow ber to go on in that way? I think we must get over the feeling that it is cruel to deprive people of liberty. It is not cruelty: it is kindness, we think, for these older women. Chairman Moulton — If Dr. Frisbie is present, we would like to hear a few words. L Frisbie, M l». of the Illinois Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children, Lincoln, Illinois It is a Btrange fact thai the laws of tli*- State of Illinois are Bilenl along the Lines jusl taken ap b) the paper and by Mrs. Falconer. There is plentj of ground t<> prosecute a man for interfering with the property rights of one of these help- less, feeble-minded children, but si. far as their bodilj rights are con- cerned, there is nothing. There is do waj of caring for them after they reach a certain age. It is my belief thai a custodial institution should be established in the State of Illinois, and the inmates there, nol for a term of years, bul for their natural life. Then there would be al leasl ,i stop put to the hereditary increase of feeble- mindedness. We would then onlj have the results of disease and other outside influences, other than the illegitimate children who are I Kim to feeble-minded girls, or parents married, either, who are feeble- minded, man i >r w< iman. One of the tirel questions, or al leasl one of the questions mosl often asked when people visit Lincoln, the Institution forthe Feeble- Minded, is, "Whal is tin- cause of it'.-" I was \r. I [arl Dr. Hastings II Hart: Madam Chairman [do not feel thai 1 oughl to speak on this subject, because the committee of which I was chairman expressed views on this Bubjecl Las1 night. I am con- vinced thai we haven'1 anj question before the public al the present time which is of more importance from an economic standpoinl than this. It is an important question from ;i humatarian standpoint, It i-> simply .i dreadful thing to take ;i poor girl, who is helpless, un- able to protecl herself , and to allow her to run a1 large without the fostering care of the community. Bu1 when we come to it as an economic proposition, it seems to me thai it is one thai commends 399 itself to every taxpayer, as a cold-blooded financial proposition. For instance, if you will look up Mr. Dugdale's paper on "Margaret, the mother of criminals,'" yon will see that one woman became the pro- genitor of hundreds and hundreds of people, either paupers, crimi- nals or prostitutes, or in some way depending upon the public, and preying upon it. You take the paper published by Rev. Oscar Mc- Colloch, I). I)., at Indianapolis. He followed up a family known as the "Tribe of Ishmael," and showed that thousands of the members of that family had been a curse upon the community. An ordinary feeble-minded child, sent to the State Institution for Feeble-minded Children, if cared for during the remainder of its life, costs the State at least |150 a year. To care for that child for ten years would cost $1500. It is a cash proposition. The feeble-minded, girl will almost invariably become a mother, sooner or later, and her progeny will be in some way dependent upon the public, and if that increase of a dangerous class can be prevented, at a cost to the public of $1500 for ten years, then it becomes simply a pecuniary proposition. I am interested in many lines of charitable effort in this State: but I say, as a taxpayer, that I believe for the pecuniary interest of the State, it would be advantageous for us to stop every other effort in the way of making provision for the helpless, until we have provided for every feeble-minded woman during the child bearing age. Then we will save a lot of money with which we can take care of the other unfortunates. It is not necessary for us to do that, however. These poor girls constitute only a small class of the community. We can take care of them and do the other things we ought to do; but for pity's sake, as a matter of humanity and economy, let us attend to this matter. There is no division of opinion upon the subject. I never heard an intelligent man or woman who had studied the ques- tion, who did not believe just what we are saying to you now. This is not a matter of theory. In the states of New York. New ..Jersey. and Massachusetts, they are making custodial provision for the young women of this class. In many other states they are making partial provision. The theory on which our institutions were started was that we could take those children, and by special care and education, could train them so that they could support themselves and go out into the community. The feeble-minded institutions are young, as you know: they date back only thirty years in this country. The result was contrary to the expectation. These boys and girls who grew up in the institutions have been proved to be incapable of self-care. They have grown up in the institution, many of these girls; and there they stay. We have had custodial care for a portion of them in institutions. In some states like Minnesota and Indiana, the cus- todial care has been introduced in the ordinary institution for the feeble-minded. They can use those young women. There are some advantages in such a system and some disadvantages. There is the disadvantage of tending to create overgrown institutions. I am in favor of separate institutions for girls of this class. If you prefer the other plan, urge the legislature to make provision, at Lincoln, for young women of this class, and place it under the same administra- tion. It mighl be bo arranged to give the custodial care as they do in [ndiana build a place ;i little wa\ from Lincoln, and keep them under the same administration, if desired. There are advantages and disadvantages; bul Let as do something! .h i.(,i. Tl run. i. I wish to sa) just a few words on this Bubject. I had a friend living at Akron, Ohio, who was in the Ohio State Senate for man) years, a man of fine common sense, and who appreciated the necessities of the situation in this respect. He had to do, very largeh , with the charitable institutions of ' )hio. He Baw the aeces- Bit) of taking care, in the feeble-minded institutions, of the feeble- minded children; but, after investigating the subject, he observed thai these boys and girls, who wenl forth from the feeble-minded in- stitution of Ohio, married. There was no law to forbid them from marrying. The) would marry, sometimes, other feeble-minded per- -<>us who had been in tin- asylum. The result was just as the cases Dr. Hart told as aboul a famil) of feeble-minded children would resull ;iinl the State was becoming overpopulated. The feeble-minded institution was overrun, and new additions bad to !>r • milt. He conceived the idea of establishing a home for the young men .- 1 1 1 < 1 won 11 ii after the) had finished ;it the institution for feeble-minded children. He mel with a uMv.it deal of oppositional first. He took on in I thai the institution could be made entirely self-sustaining -i n would be no cosl al all to the State, and thai these children, having been taughl in the institution for feeble-minded children how to do some kind of industrial work, could be put ;it work there ose- fully .- 1 n • I pleasantly. The resull <>t' it was, b) working for years, my friend was able t< i gel t he Legislature of < >hio to enact a law providing for such a borne. They boughl a farm of L,500 acres and erected buildings. Prom the institutions for feeble-minded children those who had grown to be men and women were sent. There were sepa- rate departments, ;ill under the control of the Buperintendenl and his assistants, and shops wen' built, where the) worked. He said, I think, it was within two years from the time it was started the insti- tution was Belf-supporting, these young men and women were able to earn enough b) the exercise of the trades the) had Learned in the in- stitution to pa\ all the expenses of the institution ; thai is, to support themselves. I won't be righl Bure aboul the expense of supervision and things of thai kind, bul the) were self supporting. He told me t li.it in Chicago w lien he came to see me two or three years ago. He Baid the) were really contenl to go on Leading the same life the) had led in the previous institution. Hi said the) did oo1 feel the) were deprived of an) righl or pleasure of existence the) ought to have. The) lived pleasant 1) there. The) had their meetings, their exer- cises, dramatic recitations, music, and everything. He said it was as happ) a place as he had been in. ;in B C 102 State institution, which i- probablj -till the case. With thai dew in mind [stated the institution for their care should be a separate de- partment of the institution ,it Lincoln. However, as it seems the number would be much greater than at first estimated, .1 separate in- stitution under Buch circumstances would be more desirable. Still, under our present laws, bo Long as the parents or friends are at liberty to take the young women from the institution, we could not get the ultimate results desired. The law should be more effective." It should, in fact, >•< lil the children to the institution for permanent care or until such time as the officers of the institution feel it is proper to discharge them therefrom. Until yon can gel Buch a law the besl results cannot be obtained. Again, we are not protected in detaining the inmates of a feeble-minded institution. Recently I learned of a case in one of the eastern Btates where a feeble-minded, ora supposed feeble-minded, person had been Benl to an institution and afterwards discharged. It turned oul that he was of sound mind, and he recov- ! damages. Are we not takings chance in sending, or in volun- tarily placing, children in these institutions without some law to commit them there? We should still go, further than that, I think. We should have a law prohibiting the marriage of any feeble-minded per- son who has ever been a subjecl of restraint or institutional care. Mrs. Porter B. Heywood was requested to take the chair to preside over the discussion of the next subject: ''The Relation of Women's ( !lubs to Public I nstitutions." Mas. Heywood After attending the Conference last year and hearing the very inspiring and instructive talks from many of the best workers of the state, and knowing that there were only six Women's clubs represented, il seemed advisable that some special effort !»• made that allot' the Women's clubs of the State should be here at this session. The Conference committee kindly gave us their assistance and a committee was formed. 1 knew of no better place to begin than in the philanthropy department of the Chicago Women's club, tin- Largest, and I think the oldest, eluli in the State. With the assistance of the Conference committee a circular Letterwas sent "ui to every club in the State of Illinois asking thai delegates !»■ -hi. We have one member of the committee, a very efficienl worker along this line, who has outlined a plan of work by which every Woman's club in the State shall CO-operate with some institution in the care of these unfortunate wards. I have great pleasure in introducing Mrs Bagley, who will outline In r plan of work and give yon the explanation of a very graphic map she has made, which will be full of suggestions, I think. Tin: Relation 01 Women's Clubs ro Publk Chabities. [By Graa 1 1 Bagley, of the Chicago Woman's Club.] Ladies and gentlemen of the Conference: Before 1 give a Little outline of t he work we propose to do in t he State, 1 want to ask your attention to this map These heavy outlines are the congressional districts. These Lignter lines are the counties. These disks that have hollows in them are the State institutions. (They are men- tioned in the table following the map). The stars are the county 403 almshouses, and these dots that you see sprinkled all over the State of Illinois are the women's clubs, and this nice little design up here in the corner is Chicago. entirely surrounded by woman's clubs. There are ninety-seven in Cook county, in the Federation of Women's Olnbs. I don't know how many then- may be that are not federated. It is an interesting map. It shows several things. For instance, in the locality of the State University there seems to be a great many women's clubs. I don't know what we may argue from that, but it is one of the things to be noticed. There are few institutions in the State that have not. as a near neighbor, some women's club, and those few are in congressional districts that have never less than four and sometimes as many as ninety- five women's clubs. You see the inference I wish you to draw from this map is that the institu- tions are there, that the women's clubs are there, and that the two have a relation to each other. I"l 'mm@: 405 A Elgin— Insane B Chicago— I ntirmary, Blind C Geneva- Girls' School D St. Charles— Boys' School E Watertown — Insane ¥ Wilmington— Soldiers' Widows .. G Kankakee — Insane , H Peoria— Insane I Normal— Soldiers' Orphans J Lincoln— Feeble -Minded K Quincy— Soldiers' and Sailors' L Jacksonville— Deaf, Blind, Insane. M Chester— Penitentiary — Insane N Anna— Insane O Joliet— Penitentiary P Pontiac— Reformatory Not located— Epileptic Colony C_J State Institutions M Alms Houses... {jl Women's Clubs The power of the Illinois Federation of Women's clubs as a machine is too new to be adequately recognized even by its own mem- bers. It includes 263 clubs, each with its full corps of officers and working committees and a total membership of 24,000. It has twenty recognized lines of work, each with a chairman and a commit- tee having charge of the work which the Federation does, as a whole. Some of the committees relevant to the work of public charities are: The Education, the Legislative, the Civil Service, and the Bureau of Reciprocity and Information. The Federation has twenty- five vice-presidents, one in charge of each congressional district in the State, a part of whose business it is to represent the interests of the Federation by explaining to the clubs its plans, aims and meth- ods. Except the Federation of Labor and the political machines of the Republican and Democratic parties there is no such complete or- ganization in Illinois, and for the use here indicated, namely, the aid of public charity, there is no other organization to be compared with its usefulness, because it is the only one which exists in great part for just such objects, and its members have the time, the natural inclination and the past training to fit them for the work. It is also especially valuable because of the wide range in social condition which it covers. Nowadays all sorts of good home women, the laborer's wife and the millionaire's wife, forget the externalities which divide them and are gathered together into this big sisterhood of clubs side by side. How many years and how many thousands of dollars. would it cost the State of Illinois to generate the enthusiasm for charitable work, and to call into existence such a working body as now exists in the Federation of Women's clubs? In one respect, however, it is not ideal. It provides for no men among its workers. iit»; Theoretically, tin- is wrong. Practicallj the visitation of institu- tions, of which the proposed work would partially consist, would have to I"- done in this country by women. In Germany, in Eng- land, and in .ill countries where there is a leisure class of men. the volunteer work of fostering public charitj is done by them. Hut in this commercial Illinois of ours men have no time for anything but business. Some aid in an advisorj capacity from men outside the officials of charit) and co-operation with all the State authorities is hoped for and it may also be definitely promised thai any man wish- in- to work for public charity without pay will find a welcome place in our scheme. To understand the place which Buch a body as a Federation of Women's clubs maj till in the work of State charity, lei as first ex- amine the pari which the supervision of institutions musl play in ,ui\ successful operation of public charity. THE NEED AND PBE< EDENT FOB THE SI PEBVISIOH OP PUBLII I HABITIES. The firsl requisite for the proper administration of charity is ex- pert skill in those who plan and those who execute the work. The second necessity is for supervision bj intelligent, sympathetic, disinterested people; for. it must be admitted, as Mr. Warner, in "American Charities," states: "Thai in all institutions there is a possibilit] of mismanagement through individual hail character or Lack of Bense." A iii.iii cannol supervise himself with satisfactory results to the public, and an institution frequently does not understand its proper relation t" others in the same field. To meel this obvious need, wher- ever charity has developed to the point of being scientific, a State Board "I' Charities has been established. In L863 Massachusetts . Btablished the firsl Buch hoard. Ber example has been followed by nineteen States, ili<- Illinois Board having been formed since L869. In L872 New Xbrk took the nexl inevitable step. Recognizing thai a Board of Charities, composed Of busy men with man) interests, whose visits to institutions musl necessarily occur at lone- intervals. could nol find ou1 for themselves the exacl conditions prevailing in the man) public charities throughoul the State, another supervising :.e\ came into the field an agencj the keynote of which is the value which it places upon local committees the State Charities' Aid Association, a body entirelj and permanently unconnected with poli- tics and composed of unpaid workers co operating with local commit- tees, who visited the charities in their own vicinity and reported to the State authorities. Invaluable service has been rendered l>\ the Charities 1 Aid Association of New York and some illustrious person- ages who have served in its ranks. The lesson to be Learned from New York is that, sooner or later, local committees must be called in if any adequate estimate is to he made of the managemenl of Stale institutions . vi ',.i vivr v\< I vv I ni i ..» \i CONDITIONS IT8 VALUE POB BUPEBVISION, The places we know lust ,-iiv those of our own neighborhood, espe- ciallv in Country districts. We know our town hall, our stores and our churches and the personnel of those who figure in them. If 407 there is anything we do not know we are able to find it out ;it first hands. Take the public school as an example: There arc two reasons why communities are keenly interested in the character of the super- intendent and in the management in the school board. First — The fact that our money pays for the schools and any extravagances in administration at once touch out pocketbooks; the second, and by far the most vital reason, lies in our concern for the children themselves. We must and do know whether they are provided with pure or im- pure air: whether they suffer from cold during the hours of the school day; whether those in charge of them abuse or brow licit them, or whether their days are spent profitably and in comfort. There is no argument, either financial or moral, in favor of the community as a whole being well informed as to the condition of the schools, which does not apply with equal force to public charities. When no one else cares for those unable to care for themselves, the State becomes their father and their mother: but, unlike the children of the schools, these charges of public charity have no happy hours of freedom from restraint, no holiday weeks, no escape, night or day. year in and year out. And when Illinois remembers the voices which, from time to time, force their way through the closed doors of our institutions crying out against the flagellations, the scaldings, the unspeakable sufferings from cold and from bad food, with these memories still fresh it does not seem as if she had any great cause to be proud of herself as a parent. The Governor does not pay the bill for State charity, nor does the State Board. The people of Illinois pay for this work and pay the executives who have it in charge; the responsibility of knowing how 7 it is being done is theirs, and by means of local committees composed of trusted workers and in no other way can they obtain the needed information. As to the relation of the women's clubs' committees to the aiixili- ary board of county visitors: The work of these visitors has been most valuable and we hope for hearty co-operation with them. We shall do a slightly different work on account of the completeness of our organization. It can cover all districts and reach State as well as county institutions. Another feature is that in cases of needed legislation we can command concerted action all over the State. There is work for all. The apportionment of function of the vari- ous supervisory agencies can easily be adjusted and in time the whole territory be covered. Little institutions in out-of-the-way corners will come in for their share of public attention and ;\'\i\. The fault of the people of Illinois has not been that of shirking responsibility. It has been quite a different fault. They have not even progressed so far as to think about public charity one way or the other. Nothing is more characteristic of the busy, generous I lli- nois man than to exclaim: '"There now. there is ;i lot of money for your charities. Do what you like, only don't bother me." Perhaps the most important function of the movement just begin- ning is that it affords the means of making people think about pub- lic charities in every quarter of the State. toe DEFINITE HUB "I WOMEN'S < LI B8 IN BEHALF "I l'i BLI< I SABITIES. i.i Aid in 1 1< •• •« led legislal ion. You may have noticed thai in the lisl of Stat.- institutions the name of the epileptic colon) is written. Although no district as yel marks the locality of the epileptic colony the placing of its name in this H>t was intentional. It was placed there because it belongs somewhere, and no opportunity should be losl to emphasize the facl that, as yet, it has nol been Located. Another reason is thai it illus- trates mj point, namely, the poweriessness of experts toeffecl reforms with, nit the backing of an enlightened public. How man) years have passed Bince Illinois experts firsl realized the greal wrong done to the mosl neglected and afflicted class in the State in nol providing am other place Eor them than the county almshouse? A wrong which i- all the deeper because the Craig colony in New York has pointed .ait tn us the manner in which they should be cared Eor. Sow many people in Illinois have ever thoughl about this subjeel of epilepsy? How it ma\ be mitigated by scientific care? The Philanthropic Committee of the Federation of Women's Clubs in its year-1 k, L903-4, says: l, We will call your attention to the importance of keeping continually before your clubs the very great necessity for the epileptic colony, this in view of the coming legisla- ture." (In Organized visitation and its results. An organized system of visitation throughout the State is made possible bj mi -a n- of t he Federation of Women's Clubs. Directed by charity experts as to how and what to observe, the united reporl of committees upon specified points maybe assimilated and preserved for future reference. Zearly meetings .it the State Conference of Charities or al the annual meeting of the Federation will give the needed opportunity for interchange of experience; and some further help will !"• given visitors by means of printed matter, or visits from the chairman of the work There is a power merely in visiting, to effeel improvements even where no reform or even criticism is attempted. The following extract is taken from the State Hoard of Charities 1 report, and is one of many of like character concerning COUnt) | P hi al-' !8 : •• (Inspected i>.\ a representative of tin- State board) The conditions here are very bad. The managemenl is slack and the genera] appearance ■■! the inmates and buildings indicates thai bul very little attention is paid to them. The ventilation seems entirely to have been losl sight of. There is no plumbing and tin- water supply is only fair. There is no tire protection. 'There is no provision tin- tin- separation of tin 1 sexes, all being cared lor in the Same part nt the building;. There are DO insane inmates present. "Poor food ami scanty clothing arc furnished the Inmates. The beds are dirty ami alive with vermin. There arc im bathing facilities, the genera] appearance of the inmates Indicating that bathing Is entirely foreign to t hem.' It is needless to saj that no committee of Women's clubs have visited this institution. Places, not iiutcIx visited once a year bu1 habituall) frequented by good women, accustomed to cleanliness in their own surroundings, are bound in time to become purified. 409 (o Co-operation not criticism. I trust that the superintendents will not fear an infliction of ill- advised meddlesome visiting. The committee from clubs will be very small and will be carefully selected for possession of tact and common sense. Their desire will be to stand shoulder to shoulder with the superintendent in the good work which he is trying to do, not to criticise him. The good qualities of superintendents will at least meet with recognition, perhaps for the first time. Aside from expert treat- ment of patients, institutional management is merely housekeeping made large, and, if hereditary instinct as well as daily experience count, women should be good judges as to the administrative skill of a superintendent. Even the fact that a superintendent is a political appointee will not blind women to the merits of a man who is what women call "a good manager." As a matter of fact men now in charge of institutions might be named, who, although political appointees and although inexperienced when they began their duties, have become so educated by experience that they are now invaluable to their several institutions. I have this information from one of the keenest observers of public charities in Illinois. (d) Aid to civil service. Women's clubs want good superintendents kept in their places, even though they are political appointees; and their knowledge of the superintendent, acquired as visitors, will make them his advo- cates. If, however, a change becomes necessary, the new man must be an expert when he begins. The Women's Clubs do not want State superintendents in the future to buy their experience at the cost of suffering to the helpless and afflicted. No feature of activity was more emphasized at the last Federation meeting than that of the Civil Service Committee. The organized womanhood of Illinois wants a State Civil Service law; the organized womanhood of Illinois has made this momentous discovery; that any man. woman or Woman's Club gaining the sup- port of public opinion has an ally and controls the situation. And they intend to make it their business during the coming years to win public opinion to their side. The Women's Clubs know how to reach the public through the spokesman of their various communities, the newspaper, the pulpit and in other ways. (e) The home quality added to institutional life. One feature almost sure to be added to institutional life of the State by this awakened interest on the part of its women will be that the individuality of inmates will be given freer play: There will be less of rigid uniformity in the arrangement of the small allot- ment of space which even an inmate may call his own. No spot which is ••home" to human beings ought to have the bareness of a counting room or a hospital. There seems no good reason why even the dwellers in poorhouses should not have a grain or two of comfort in life. Women will see that more provision is made for occupation. More than one old lady forced, at last, to accept the hospitality of the poorhouse is restless for the lack of some yarn or bits of calico, to bnsy her hands during the long days of winter. No doubt inmates of asylums have their queer notions: perhaps that is one of the reasons 11(1 whj they are in asylums. Bui we all are more or less peculiar, and .1 woman's way in ber household is. to Lean toward indulgence of in- dividual peculiarities We are here asking for co-operation and we Bhall gel it because people are aot often refused whose only desire is to be aseful. w . bave ii" old scores to settle, qo axes to grind. We do not want ., pennj or an office. All we ass is the privilege of working for the children >>( the State to see thai thej get what Roosevelt calls "square deal." Wbaham Taylob, of t In- Institute of Social Science and Arts and Chicago Commons Ladies and Gentlemen of the Conference It i- more than ;i coincidence thai this iference of technical and official workers in the public and private charities of a greal State should place so large a pari of its program under the ontrol of so popular .in organization, and so widespread throughoul tin- State, ;i-> tli-' Fed- eration of Women's Clubs. This session of the Conference is the producl of ;ni instinctive tendency from two directions to popularize the whole philanthropic and reformatorj movement. Prom the direc- tion of tin- people there bas, perhaps, for the List quarter, if not half. of the nineteenth century been a strong tendency t<> assume control of their own affairs in everj direction, and it is a world-wide tendency. Prom the direction of the charitable ami correctionable institutions, both public and private, there has been a responsive tendency to pop- ularize their constituencies, their Bupporl and management; hence. ooincidenl with and expressive of this democratic spirit, such tenden- cies as these bave more and more manifested themselves. Local autonomy in an institution or a district has Income co-ordi- uate, yel co-operative, with the centralizing headquarters which formerly claimed the whole field. Paid official positions have become all the more indispensable anil honorable when under the supervision of th<- unpaid representatives of the public. The salaried expert is recognized to be .ill the more a leader when there are voluntary work- ers and friendk visitors allied with him. The few and select donors of large L^i ft s. who. not withoul reason, bave sometimes been Buspected of monopolizing the "Ladj Bountiful" type of benevolence, have found neither their legitimate influence nor the scope of their giving curtailed, bj Bharing the democratic spirit which now supercedes whatever exclusiveness i here used to lie in philanthropy. Moreover, this spirit has begun to save the loss of individuality suffered l>\ those in the dependent and delinquent groups, who have been massed impersonally and indiscriminately together under the congregate system of institutional administration. The reversion to the more normal type of individual life in smaller familj or house- hold groups is the belated recognition of the democratic right of each to personal consideration, which .ill are bound to respect in the care of t he dependent . t lie detect i Ve ,'llld t he de I i 1 1( pie 1 1 1 I W.IS told l>\" .'111 old-time warden once, "This prison is like death; there is uo individ- ual distinction here." "\er\ well,' 1 I though 1 to myself, "there is no severer arraignment of your administration of t his prison, than that you do not recognize individual distinctions. To do so won Id not be Ill mimical to discipline; for it raises the devilmenl in any man and woman to be treated 'just like anybody else," without any distinction of antecedents, temperament or tendencies." (Laughter). In respecting this right the community equally regards its own welfare by taking the most direct means of restoring to self help and rightful place among men. those whose capacity for self-control and usefulness is weakened, if not destroyed, by treatment, not less a violation of nature, than it is inimical to public interests. In line with the same farther sighted humanitarian econ< my is the enlistmenl of whole populations, to grapple with their social situations as a whole. The Elberfeld policy toward dependency, the public control of the liquor traffic as in Scandinavia, the marshalling of the legisla- tive authority, resources of taxation and a constructive civic program for the abolition of the slums and the equalizing of privilege and opportunity, as the borough and county councils of England are doing it: the regulation of industrial forces in the interest of the whole people, as in Australia and New Zealand: such attempts to reach a saner social order and realize a more human ideal of collective life are impressive way-marks of progress such as only the whole community can achieve for itself. And never will we have anything like the strong mass-movement for the abolition of the sources of dependency and crime in this country until we divide up on new issues in local policies of adminis- tration. We ought to have new lines of cleavage in our local differ- ences, just as tories and liberals split up on different lines, as moder- ates, or as progressives, in accordance as they wish less or more rapid advancement made in the direction of public care and control. I hail as the greatest of educative influences some urgent local issue which splits the national parties up into different camps in local affairs. It is high time we began to attend to the business of the localities in a popular way. and to educate the people, by great campaigns, as to policies in the great function of control. It is surely coming, how- ever, whether we want it or not. It is right here! The onlv question is how we are going to have it. and whether it is going to be sane or spasmodic. This democratic movement has been parallel with another ten- dency. At no previous time has the socially well-informed person been expected to know, not something of everything, but everything of something. Specialties have narrowed down and also broadened so that it is more possible to meet this requirement, and yet in so doing find scope for the best academic discipline and culture. Every branch of philanthropy has long since been shown the practical value in this specializing accuracy of observation and administration. Never before have more people of strong caliber and large personal equipment been in t he- social service, professionally and as volun- teers. Teachers trained for professorships find satisfaction and repu- tation as superintendents of reformatories. .Men of recognized talenl and attainment, both in scholarly and business pursuits, are found in the wardenships of prisons, at the head of child-saving institutions. serving as chiefs of departments in city governments and secretary- ships of State Boards of Charities. Their service, as well as their Literature, is receiving deserved, though belated, academic recognition as of scienl ific value. Their specialties are taking rightful place among the arts. The economj of personal and financial resource is combining the same and allied interests result in the largest output t'<>r the least expenditure in philanthropy as in business The Charit} Organiza- tion Society has become ;is much of an economic aecessit} and as essential a part of the equipment of cities and towns as the clearing house of t he banks. No better evidence of the good result of this co-operation between institutional officials and intelligent and independent citizens can be cited than the transformation <>t' the Cook County Infirmary at Dun- ning. However great the credil which is due the county commis- Bionera for their able, economical and even expert administration, none of them, much Less President Foreman, their worthy, efficient executive, failed to recognize the great help which they have received from the advisory committee of thoroughly well informed and public spirited citizens who have acted with them throughout. Indeed, it would be difficult to account for the great achievement there at- tained without crediting to the commissioners and their advisors the essential sen ice respectively rendered by each. The gain to the public, as well as to the inmates, can scarcely be conceived, except by those whose observation and experience covers both the old and the new regimes. As one walked around these institutions, when opened the other day, and saw the provisions in the cottages for the insane and then contrasted it with what I used to see five years ago, with • > > |) < | insane people lying On the floor because they had UO other place to sleep. one was haunted by the terrible sight of sixty or seventy little children, whose only crime was that they did not have a father or mother fitted to take care of them, herded into the surgical ward of the women inmates. The Catholic priest, who went through that ward wil h me, said: ••Those children were human when they came in here, but it don't take Long to make brutes of them." That has all passed away, thank God, and Let us be thankful for the credit of a civilized community that it has. Ina paper read by .Mr. Foreman, the president of the county board, on that occasion, he gave the most generous praise to the help re- ceived by the count} commissioners from the advisory committee. And the further Suggestion has been made, which realk should be taken ii 1 1 by t his Conference, it seems to me, t hat the State of Illinois should take charge of the insane throughout the State. (Applause.) Coos count} will probabl} be willing to turn over this new and splen- didly efficient equipment to the State of Illinois just as soon as the State can assume that technical care, which requires Large resources and anified administration throughout the entire Commonwealth. I wish very much that some action might be taken that would look that way, as a suggestion to the Legislature, thai they should at Least con- sider the pracl icabilit) of taking over the care of the insane through- out the entire State. It would not have to do so altogether at itsown expenditure, for local authorities would be glad enough to turn over 413 their equipment and a good part of their resources to the State author- ities if they would assume what the local authorities simply cannot do well. It was not until twenty years ago that any attempt was made to classify and summarize data on conditions contemporary. All Eng- land was then startled by the "Bitter cry of outcast London." which was piteously but sternly raised by some Christian mission workers in the then all too little known East End. Amidst the clamor of protesting or appealing voices, over the mute sufferings of poverty- stricken thousands and the growing discontent at the neglect of such conditions, one man went silently to work to get at the root of the problem. He stood almost alone in his insistent and persistent self- exaction to ascertain accurately the facts of the actual situation. The opening years of the twentieth century have registered no greater achievement than the completion of Mr. Charles Booth's "Life and Labor in London," at the close of the nineteenth. The worth of this work, not only in London, but to all the cities of the world can scarcely be overestimated. Its collaboration of the hitherto uncoordinate facts of official inquiry, departmental reports, and gov- ernment census, is even more valuable in setting a standard of scien- tific exaction and method, than in its great direct results. It sup- plies a practical classification and method, which by a concensus of opinion, are already widely recognized and used. Its conclusions are models of tested accuracy, cautious conservatism, and the fearless facing of ascertained facts. Its permanent reference value is assured by well nigh perfect tabulations, abstract of contents, and full indi- ces. Already the type of scientific investigations set by this colossal work of London's great shipper is reproducing itself in books of other thoroughly original investigators which deserve to be classed with it. It is a pleasure thus to rate Mr. B. Seebohm Rowntree's •'Poverty: a Study of Town Life* 1 in York. CENTERS FOR ARCHIVE AND RESEARCH. The endowment and equipment of the "Musee Social" in Paris furnishes and suggests a provision for perpetuating such efforts, pre- serving their data and publishing their results, which is sure to cre- ate similar centers for archive and research. With far too little re- source, and therefore on a less exhaustive scale, the Institute of Social Service in New York is gathering a valuable collection of clippings, pamphlets, photographs, official reports and books bearing particularly upon the welfare work of industrial establishments and municipal departments. The "Museum of Security" in Amsterdam by its permanent exhibition of appliances for protecting and saving life has established a center of unique interest and far-reaching prac- tical value. Great libraries, notably the Crerar Library in Chicago, have begun to specialize in these departments on a scale which prom- ises to locate at several great centers, not only exhaustive collections of their literature but also original data, which will open new sources to research. The rise of university departments of sociology and social econo- mics, so fully reported in the proceedings of the International Con- Ill ference of Charities and Correction and Philanthropy held at Chi- iii connection with the Columbian Exposition in l^'.'ii. 1ms been followed bj a Bteadj ;nif their theoretical and prac- tical specialties While the S icial Science Association continues to cover n-> \.-r\ general field, the American Statistical Association, the American Economic Association and the American Academj of Po- litical and Social Science have added greatlj to the expert personnel and equipment of their several departments of research. The n organization in London of the "Sociological Society" for the stud] of social theory . ■ i > < 1 tin- "Institute of Social Service," ^uu^r< ^i« ■< I bj ;ni< IAI. AKTS. The most natural and timely sequels of these industrial and social movements are the schools, which are arising at the greatest centers of activity, to offer both general courses and technical training in the theory, bistor) and practice of what deserve to he called the social arts. The demand for trained helpers is being widelj increased, not only l>\ the growing opportunities and exactions of these manifold agencies, l>m also by the extension of the civil service law to cover positions in public, charitable and reformatory institutions. Bui the offer of the BUppl} of trained helpers is the surest way to create the demand for them where it does aol exist. One of the earliest initiatives in this direction was taken by Miss Helen Gladstone at the London Woman's Universitj settlement, in conducting a Bmall training class from year to year, the graduates of which immediatel) l id positions of trust and usefulness through- out the kingdom. TheCharitj Organization Society of that cit] has recentlj brought about the co-operation of this class with t he ••School of Economics," some departments of the University of London and its own expert force, to establish a "School of Sociology and Social Economics," which i> in the second year of successful operation. In New fork Cit} a well-patronized Bummer school, conducted Tor sev- eral years bj the Charity Organization Society, has evolved the "School of Philanthropy." In its ver} full curriculum, covering the whole academic year, it has the oo-operation of the Columbia 415 University faculty, and the Association of Neighborhood Workers, both of which, independently, offer some courses of similar instruc- tion. In Boston the study class of the Charity Organization Society has been the pioneer effort, which is now to be supplanted by the "Training School for Social Workers," jointly conducted by Harvard University and Simmons College for Women. In connection with its University College in the center of the city, the University of Chicago has opened "The Institute of Social Science and Arts." aided by experts at the head of several specialized agencies and branches of knowledge, supplemented also by the allied departments of the university, together with "the laboratory for statistical research work." Courses are now being given ;it the Fine Arts Building on Michigan avenue, in "Dependency and Charities" by Prof. Chas. R. Henderson of the University of Chicago, and Mr. Ernest R. Bicknell. Superintendent of the Chicago Bureau of Chari- ties; in "Conditions and care of dependent, defective and delinquent children" by Dr. Hastings H. Hart, of the Children's Home and Aid Society: in "Industrial Relationships'' by Prof. John Cummings and Prof. Graham Taylor, who is director of the institute. Next quarter, beginning January 2, Miss Lathrop has a course on "Public Chari- ties" and associated with her are Alexander Johnson, and Frederick H. Wines, formerly secretary of the Illinois State Board of Charities. A four years 1 course at the university in the new department of Re- ligious and Social Science leading to an academic degree, has also been initiated. At all these schools the great centers at which they are located are used as laboratories in which the students are as- signed to carefully supervised and progressive field-work which con- stitutes a principal part of their training. The appointment of a standing committee by the National Conference of Charities and Correction will greatly promote the progress, co-operation and unity of these courses. I wish to suggest to the Ladies' clubs the advantages of the educa- tional opportunities afforded by these courses to those who will be selected for the work so ably outlined by Mrs. Bagley. She well fore- fended the suspicion that they would be merely ignorant meddling with these technical and extremely difficult questions of administra- tion; but, on the other hand, she will- find the resources very sparse through the State, and perhaps sparsest where most needed, because of a lack of training. I would be very grateful if this State Conference of Illinois won It 1 endorse and call to the attention of the charity and correctional workers of the State this movement for a practical, yet scientifically .bottom-grounded, educational movement. If they would ratify it in some way it would call public attention to a movement which is bound to grow: and I am very sure that you ladies and gentlemen, in charge of State institutions and private charities, will feel it is not saying too much to reassert that the offer of a supply of trained helpers, grant- ing that there is practical common sense of course, will create ;i de- mand for them in every direction. T know very well that you, who are under the tremendous responsibility of public charges, will be glad enough to get people scientifically trained. U6 I. • me saj in conclusion a few words. I was a1 Dunning at one time, and I Ban in the imbecile ward a dear old granny, ^mmI enough and sweel enough in appearance to be anybody's grandmother. Sne was only a Little "off." Surrounded by these grimacing abnormalites that made one Bick at heart, she was asked to sing, and instantly piped u|i. in a cracked voice, with a pathos I can scarcelj refer to without tears in my tone, Binging amid thai desolation, "Should auld acquaintance I"- forgot.' 1 I tell you, men and women, we don't know how aear these public institutions are to us. 1 met a man yesterday whose wife and child were ill with smallpox in the pesthouse. Bis beaii warmed ap to the public institution- of ( Ihicago, and he Bpoke with atmosl gratitude of the fine facilities for the care of bis afflicted ones. Old acquaintance should not be forgot, even when it cross orer that line, which is closer than we realize, between as and those who are dependent; between as and what we too frequently brand, cruelly, as "pauperism." A Little shift of the circumstances may send your daughter or son <>r mine righl into the heart of some such situation. Now. with your associations and your fellowships along various Lines of institutional and occupational interests, in this high craft of philanthropy, brothers and sister- (for Buch we are, in this aoblest of all causes), we know what fellowship means; we know what the de- privation of it means, how terrible the Loneliness, the isolation, under these permanenl burdens. Nothing should bar us from the inter- change of help. We know how the State and our private benevo- lence has profited, by our citizens beingfriends in this service. I say to you, ladies, promote the friendly relationship between the inner institutional administration and that Large outer constituency of -\ in path y and Bupporl and backing. Between the two Let us raise ap b Btrong movement for an intellectual and "Tact" training if you speak or it so training that will give you, at the head of these insti- tution-, a better chance to administer, by giving yon better subor- dinates. I brought with me Borne schedules of the courses given in the Institute Of Social Science and Alls at Chicago; also copies of the magazine which I have the privilege of publishing, in which Jeffrej Brackett, the distinguished New England charity expert, has an article on "Provincialism in Charity." An account of the histori- cal development of these schools I have been telling about for the training of these voluntary workers, has been Bketched l>\ myself in the September and June aumber of this magazine, "The Commons." Lei me just Baj one further thing. I do think that the State oniversit} should go one step farther in its magnificent development. I do not Bee whj the LJniversit) of the State of lllin >is should not. with affiliations in Chicago, raise up helpers for the State institu- t ion- i .\ pplause i Mi;-. Bag lei Mr. Taylor's account of tin- Bchool is one of atmosl interest t<> me. I. personally, had planned to take the course with Mr. Johnson this winter. 1 want to sa\ that all the people he has named as teachers of these branches, 80 far a- 1 li. \ relate to public charities, have been consulted 1»\ our committee; and when the little 417 manual of suggestions to our visitors goes out, they will have the approval of the people Dr. Taylor has mentioned here. Dr. Hart — Madam Chairman There are two unique and interest- ing organizations in the United States. For sonic reason which T have not understood, these institutions have not been extended into other states. They arc known as the State Charities Aid Associat ion of New York, and the State Charities Aid Association of New .Jersey. Long before the women's clubs movement reached its development, this movement started in New York, away hack in '74; and that movement had its origin with a woman. Miss Louise Schuyler. .Miss Schuyler never has been widely known, never has been prominent in the National Conference of Charities, or other public organizations, but she saw, at that time, an opening for a co-operative work which might be of value to the State of New York. A Board of Public Charities, in its work for the public institutions, works within Limita- tions, and sometimes within quite narrow limitations. The duties which are laid upon the State Board of Public Charities are duties which apply equally to the public institutions which conic under their care. It is not proper nor right that a State Board of Charities should take up some particular institution, to make a pet of it. It is not practicable for a Board of Public Charities to take up a single thing which ought to be done and make that their special thought, and hammer at it year after year, leaving other interests entrusted to- their charge to suffer. The State Board of Charities, from the very fact of its being a public board, is obliged to occupy an equal and steady position. The State Charities Aid Association, in New York, was initiated by Miss Schuyler. She soon drew around her a body of the choice people of that State. When the movement started, it was viewed. 1 think, with considerable apprehension by the people interested in the Board of Charities and Public Institutions. There were in the minds of those people some of the very apprehensions hinted at by Mrs. Bagley, that this would be an impractical institution, that they would, in carrying on their movement, become meddlesome and inter- fering, that they would go off after fads and would interfere with the real progress of the State institutions and the real interests of the public. This body went quietly to work. When they saw a thing that needed attention, they took it up. They went into the Legisla- ture and asked for authority to visit the State institutions, county institutions and other public institutions, and the righl to report to the Legislature. That right was readily granted them. From that day to this, the State Charities Aid Association has published an annual report, setting forth their observations in these institutions. As they have seen need of legislation along certain lines, they have taken it up and made efforts to secure it. They have employed a secretary, who has been the administrative officer of t he organization. The secretary of the State Charities Aid Association at present is Mr. Homer Folks. He has been at the head of it for some years, except the brief period in which he was Superintendent of Charities for the city of New York. The greatest work which has been accom- plished by the State Charities Aid Association of New York has been — 27 B C the complete transformation of the Bystem of caring f< r tin- insane in thai Btate. The State Charities Aid Association found in the state of New Y<>rk a Bystem of variable care for the insane. The Btate was taking care of part, and the counties, in county asylums, of part; and in N.u York .- 1 1 1 < i Brooklyn were large institutions, managed in ;i manner Bomewhal Bimilar to Dunning. The State Charities Aid Association wenl to work to Becure oniversaJ State care for the insane; also to secure adequate care, so there should be State pro- vision for all the insane. Thai Beemed to be something insuperable, I. nt al the time the State Charities Aid Association attacked this u«.rk. they had reached a point where they had the confidence of the people of the State, and the good will and co-operation of the State Board of Public Charities. The) were able to unite all the force of the philanthropic people of the state of New York; and the) accom- plished thai Herculean task, and made the care of the insane in Ne^ York instead of a stench in the nostrils of the people they made it wh.-it it is toda) . [n the State of New Jereej there is a Charities' Aid Association which had an origin very Bimilar. There is in New Jersey a lady named Emil) E Williamson. She is a club woman, a wealthy woman of greal force. She has a secretary, and a greal deal of the time her secretar) is engaged in philanthropic work. Mrs. William- son became secretary of the Charities' Aid Association. There was greater need of the association in New Jersey, because there w;is no Board of Public Charities in thai State. Mrs. Williamson enlisted some of the besl people. The special work which has been done by the Charities 1 Aid Association h;is been the reformation of work for children. Now. in both New York and New Jersey, while this work origi- nated in the heaii of a woman and while the organization was per- fected and has been largel) efficienl through the work of women, in both states the) have enlisted and employed the activity of efficienl men. The Charities 1 Aid Association of New York has recently had as a secretar) Dr. Frederick Wines. Hehasjusl retired from thai work. They have had men as well as women on their committee. I don't know whal the results will be here if ;i movemenl is made along the lines indicated, bul I venture to predicl thai the women who engage in tin- work will enlist both the men and women of this State, I believe there is in this State a Held for this work, and I believe we can Bafel) trust these women to pursue the work along careful ;ind Bafe lin< There is one maxim I believe should be enshrined in the hearl of ever) charit) worker interested in an\ greal institution, and thai is tin-: "Five years is n shorl time " Yon need not expect to accom plish everything this year or uexl When we go into the work lei us be contenl it we can make stead) progress along righl lines, and not be too hast) to obtain revolutionar) legislation in advance of public sentiment, or to do things in a hurr) and have to Buffer the inevitable and destructive reaction which follow-. I -h.ill look with hope and interesl to the work whose i i i;i agi 1 r,i t i >n has been proposed to as 419 this day and believe we shall sec great and good things come from it. Dr. Taylor has asked that I say a few words concerning the school of philanthropy. Last year I delivered three lectures and this year twenty-four lectures on child-saving work. The effort in this line of instruction is to make it intensely practical and helpful to those who intend to devote their Life to some work in philanthropy or to those who intend to devote a portion of their time as voluntary workers along this line. Those who attended the course of lectures last winter testified unanimously to the great advantage they had derived from attendance upon those lectures. It is hoped this course of instruction will not be confined to people in the city of Chicago, but that people from all sections of the State will in time avail themselves of this opportunity and take up not simply the brief course of one of the special lines of lectures, but the whole course. There are several different courses. The course I speak of is twenty-four lectures. There are 144 altogether. Students have the privilege of taking up one course and following it, if they like. They can also take the general lectures, which come one each week, or take the whole course of 144. The tuition for the full course is $30. The tuition for any one course of twenty-four lectures is $5. These are not intended to be more than nominal. It is hoped that this is to be the start of a great movement. The University of Chi- cago is now offering, for the first time in its history, a three years* course to prepare for certain special lines in Christian and philan- thropic work. Me. Kelly— Is there any arrangement for taking a course by cor- respondence ? It is not practicable for many to reach Chicago fre- quently to take that course. Nothing would be done in our field while doing it. Prof. Taylor — The hours are placed in the evening, so as to accommodate workers within reach; but it has been in mind, from the start, to have not only correspondence courses, but outlying centers — if it will only grow. The difficulty is you have to invest capital in a thing like that to start with. It is difficult to find any- body to have faith enough in a new thing to risk a little money. Of course it can't be made self-sustaining. I think the entire receipts this first quarter are 8171. at $5 a course, with thirty-nine students. Some of them are taking only half courses. They are people of \er\ moderate means, as most charity workers who are paid are, I am ashamed to say. The expense of the quarter is about SJ(H). The pay of instructors is merely nominal — $100 for 24 lectures. Von can divide it up and see how good these lectures pay; for instance. Alex- ander Johnson, after traveling expenses are paid, coming from New York. I think he will have to pay something for the privilege of enlightening us I am willing to pay something for it myself. because I think it is a great movement, bound to lie helpful. If anybody wants correspondence work and will address me. 1 will see what can be done, although I wish BOmebody else would try and see what could be done to raise a little money for us. Chairman Heywood — As our time for discussion is up. Mis. Bagley and I would be very glad to meet any club women present 120 this afternoon, after the session, l<>i' half an honr, for ;i little informal discussion among onrselves Perhaps we would discnss it more freely, in its earlier Btages, it we were just l.\ onrselves. Ail j « > 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 • - 1 1 1 t<> l':. m., bj Prof .1. II Freeman. Prof. Pkkkman Mi - . Brown, tin- president, has been Buffering since he came here, with trouble with his ears, ami the disease has progressed so rap- idly thai In- is obliged to return home at once, in order to receive treatment. Hi- wishes mi- t" express his regrets to tin- Conference for his absence, ami also requested me to take his place. I think In- made arrangements with Mr. Visher of Chicago, who will talk to yon a tew minutes about tin- Handbook <>f Charities. THE II WI'T.i »< >K i »l' CHARITIES Tin- Handbook of Charities is a mosaic. It is a bi1 of co-operative produc- tion, co-operative in the sin-,,- of having hail tin- expense of its publication borne by all tin- parties jointly, a mosaic in tin- sense of having been written by all t In- charil ies. It is nf all. by all ami for all. It is an nni into which has been poured the reports of the noble efforts of many of this Commonwealth's best men ami women reports of tin- foundation laid by our fathers ami tin- superstructure built thereon by their s.ms ami daughters. h- plan, purpose ami execution have met with tin- approval of many ex- perts here ami elsewhere. 'Tin- press, too, has never said aughl excepl in praise. Librarians, too, of universities here ami abroad, have placed it mi t heir Bhel \ es. I would blush to Bpeak in this manner to a body of intelligent men ami women if this book were nut what it is a Charities llamll k of all. by all ami for all, having long hail as it-, editor-in-chief tin- Loved ami honored name of Harvey B, Hurd, tin- compiler of thai still more creditable hunk. 'I'lii- [llinois Statutes." into which he poured unceasingly all his lit'.- blood tin- five long years, ami which, with pen trembling with age, In- continues to correcl ami bring up t" date from time to time. Some call that hunk com- piled by order of our State Legislature, "Hurd's Statutes." What a childish misnomer and caricature! Hut sillier still is it to call our Charities 1 Directory "Visiter's llamll k of Charities," compiled as ii was by a committee of nine representative nun ami women appointed by our charities, at a cos1 o ■ •nut ributed by t hem joinl 1 v. To secure protection against spurious, mischievous imitations, complying with tin- laws of -the land, it was necessary that some one person should take out and hold in trust the copyright. This responsibility the writer was asked to assume; was asked first by Dr. C. G. Trusdell, the man who stood - at the head of all the' charitable efforts of the city of Chicago, ami who has now gone to his reward the man who. when Chicago Lay in ashes, was unremitting, night ami day. Bummer ami winter, in relieving its distress, ami to whom, more than to an\ other man. the world intrust, -d its i relief ami aid. This man. as treasurer, turned over his books and what tnonej there was left when the tirst edition of the Handbook of Charities Was Successfully launched; to the man who had for many years been intrust,,! with the management of this city'6 large "Fresh Air Fund." i his predecessor hecame tin- Largest contributor to the cost of getting out a second and third edition of the hook, and stands ready to do even more for tin- forth.- Ing edition, in its later editions the book has been self- supporting, »tai npletelj on its merits, with a friend or two acting as "■s. Every child of ]■; should he able to make his own way in the world. Bu1 he should not grow nnlilial or unmindful of his antecedents. Nor does the hook mean to he this. It reeoe/ni/es the faet that it owes its 421 very life to the charities of our Commonwealth. It is their child, li was nursed into being by them. It is in them it Lives, moves and lias its being. Divorced from them it would lose its very spirit. All of its high ideality would vanish. These charities are its father and mother. Prom them its life blood has Mowed through the tide of co-operation. Sever this and a corpse, ;i mere semblance of its former self, stands before us. This cannot be a bel ter thing, however correct in form and feature it be. Who daivs to arise ami ask that a cold, marble statue, however perfect, !>«• allowed to supersede this imperfect thing, pulsating with life and growth and warmth'.' It is will- ing to make way for something better. If it seek its life it will surely lost- it. It is willing to make way for something better, willing to find in its death its fulfilling. If anyone has something more ideal, more just, more co-operative, fuller of helpful information, at a price which will not be pro- hibitive, let him offer it. Let him otter it not as a fanciful vision, hut as an actual achievement, something done, not dreamed merely; done here. too. not elsewhere, where conditions are possibly very different. Does the hook have to fear comparison with similar books elsewhere, if any such there Vie? 1 know of no hook gotten out upon the plan and purpose of this hook. There art- directories, hut this is that and more. There are lists of indorsed charities. This is not that. There are statements by individuals and by single organizations concerning the other organizations of any given community. This is not that. This, as we have already said, is a statement of facts of all. by all and for all. New York has a Directory of Charities. It is a book making a statement by one charity concerning all the other charities, but especially concerning itself. It sets itself up as judge and censor of the others, refusing as much as a mention of some. It prostitutes itself by selling space at $1.00 an inch to sueh charities as desire to have more than a mention upon "the concisest terms possible." The society which edits and publishes the hook takes for itself some 20 pages, while other org-anizations doing more positive work and very helpful at a greater financial outlay are accorded less than a fourth of the space which it appropriates for itself. It puts itself to the front in sea- son and out of season, at every turn, as prepared to furnish confidential statements on the merits or demerits of its fellows. Its equals, its peers, its competitors, inasmuch as they glean in the same field for their support. It does this, furnishing these confidential statements not so much as a convic- tion, from a painful sense of duty, hut as a cold blooded business proposition for hire, upon the payment of a stipulated fee. It thus sets itself up as the self-appointed umpire, the Supreme Court, judge and jury, from which there is no appeal and whose findings are not rendered openly and a hove hoard hut covertly, as confidential statements and for pay. Through the Charities Directory the publishers advertise themselves and their attitude towards the other charities. It is not of the people, for the people and by the people, hut of. for and by the Charity Organization Society of New York, than which there is nothing - of more importance, though by its own confession the society gives no relief from its own funds, hut refers for relief toother organizations. In Boston we find a Charities Directory, edited and published by the As- sociated Charities. One would naturally suppose that this was a joint or associated work, all or at least many of the city's charities co-operating- in the undertaking-, it being done not by one charity hut by a group or a num- ber of associated ones. This is not however the ease, for we are told that in each of its three editions the Charities Directory has been a heavy burden upon a singie treasury, which has borne all the expense. Every other page is blank, giving an opportunity for memoranda by the reader, addenda or errata. Strange, is it not. that such a hook, half blank, should he a heavy burden. These directories are not popular: the charities, we are told, feel no re- sponsibility for them, refuse to co-operate in their issue, though invited. Nor is it readily seen why they should, when they are so largely merely a medium for advertising and setting forth prominently only one. and that the youngesl among- them. In San Francisco the lland-hook of Endorsed Charities is published and edited by a Charities Endorsement Committee, composed of three-eighth 122 Merchants 1 Association, three-eighth CO S and two-eighth Charil Large. The details are in the hands "f the General Secretary of the ' 0. S as well as three-eighth "f the control. No chemist could have foretold what the outcome of such eld original combination, bo unique a formula, would be, still, whatever it is or is n<>t. it is do Charities Directory by its own admis- sii.n. ami for a complete list of tin- charities of San Francisco tin- reader is. by it. referred to tin- private files oi the i . S in Philadelphia the Civic Club has cl the Charities Directory. Now. pray why should not the charities themselves have charge of the Charities Directory, especially in that city of brotherly love? Are tin- charities there still in their tutelage, or mayhap. dotage, thai they must be held in the leading strings of a Civic Club; ami that. too. when there is there a band <>f people Btyled "The Associated < barities and Philanthropies," or is thai 1 1nn-, too. as in Boston, a misnomer? If m>t. thai would sound, at least. better than Civic Club, which suggests thai formidable thing the policeman Bwings, and the bad boy stands in awe of. Must a club be held over the heads of our charil ies-. 1 No friends, whether we casl our eye Eas1 or West, we riml that our Hand- booh of Charities need fear oo comparison with what is being done else- where. Its|>iaii is superior, its co-operative execution is qo1 surpassed. It is no burden to any bul a helpful ally to all. It makes no arroganl claims. It is modest ami charitable in its spirit. In our philanthropy at least we should throw tin- mantle of charity over every one ami every effort until it clearly shows its. -if to he a wolf in sheep's clothing. Even in law a man is accounted innocenl until proven guilty. Much more should this in- so in charity. No truly charitable organization will tryto ride itself into publicity by advertising first ami foremost the facl that it is organized to detect fraud and imposition, and not primarily to relieve distress. There have always however, been those who tax anise and cummin ami aeglecl the weightier matters. Tins,- are the ones who pick Haws, the critics whose eyes would he riveted on the wart on a Lincoln's illumined countenance bu1 an' blind to the beauty of that face with the furrows of care and candor and sijjns of divine indwelling. The paramount consideration, the great determining question, in judging of a man or a hook, is whether the nghl spirit is pres- ent. In the realm oi charity this right spirit is charitableness; ami love is not puffed up. not easily provoked, thinketh no evil, seeketh not its own. The fourth edition of this book will not he another hook, hut the same hook brought up to date, the same old Handbook of Charities -revised and improved" as is the familiar phrase. No new name, no new subject matter, no new plan and purpose, no new pen even, is to he used in the rewriting. Much of the matter need not even he brought up to date, for it is composed ■ d historical statements. \ few charities have changed their mode of organ- ization, a few ha v.' dropped out. Very few. if any. new charities have Bprung into being, and secured si ;i ii< 1 i iilt. The hook, therefore. Btandfi in need of m> radical overhauling do new book is Deeded, the old Deeds simply to retouched here ami then-. The personnel of the governing committees ,,\ charities have changed. These changes should be indicated, When the work done bj any charitv has changed materially, whether in character or amount . this change should he recorded. If the BUpply of copies were not exhausted, the need of a reissue might he • •ailed in question especially if there were greal outlay involved. In Boston a longer period has elapsed between the third ami fourth or last editions. and on.' almost as long since then. The seven thousand copies issued are exhausted, and this fact alone makes another edition imperative, for if the hook has he, 'ii a thing of greal value, as we are assured by many, then it should not ami will nol hid.- its lighl under a bushel, hut Will continue to radiate its lighl and life and health, inviting your co-operation. In the language of the preface to the first, third and the forthcoming fourth editions, the 1 k will contain a "list ami directory" of all our chari- : vine; such -.lata as will enable a business man to form an intelligent opinion on the relative scope and value of each organization, the intention being 1<> give facts, such facts as will throw lighl on the work." "It is hoped that this publication, though Capable Of improvement in the future. will ever have a strong tendency to protect the charitable public and to make 123 the intelligent exercise of the philanthropic impulse safer and more uni- versal — somewhat commensurate with our present and prospective needs and in keeping with the growth and development of this greal commonwealth." Chairman Feeeman The topic on discussion this afternoon is "The Education of the Blind." As the work on education of the blind is nearly the same in all institutions for the Mind. I presume 1 shall meel the expectations of the committee if 1 discuss this sub- ject and apply it to the work and methods of the Illinois School for the Blind. THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND. Prof. J. II. Freeman, Superintendent of the Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind -While the subject of this address is general in its scope, its treatment will lie largely limited to the work which is done in the Illinois Institution for the Education of the blind. We have in our school eight grades, including the kindergarten department and a course of three years in the high school. The studies pursued are sim- ilar to those taught in the public schools. In addition to the work g - iven to the pupils in the common branches and high school subjects, a knowledge of which is essential to the welfare of any pupil, whether he be blind or not. we have various departments titled to the peciiliar needs of the blind. They are devoted to music, industrial train- ing, piano tuning, typewriting, physical culture and kindergarten. Each of these departments is a vital part of our institution, and each of them, we be- lieve, has an important bearing on the life of the pupils. It may lie interest- ing to consider these departments separately. MUSICAL DEPARTMENT- In the words of our musical director. Prof. I). F. Stillman : "In the mu- sical department instruction is given upon the piano, organ and orchestral instruments, and in harmony, vocal music and chorus singing. The Larger part of our pupils do work in this department. Every pupil of school age. with mental and physical qualifications, is permitted to do some work. This work begins in the kindergarten, in which chorus sing-ing is a part of the daily routine. When facility in literary Braille is attained, those in whom considerable degree of musical talent has developed are taken into classes of Braille and musical notation, and from these classes pupils are received by spe- cial teachers for individual instruction. As these pupils are passed from the kindergarten they enter chorus classes of higher grades, from which those having promising voices are selected at a suitable age for special instruction in vocal music. It is from this source, also, that pupils upon orchestral in- struments and the material for our institution orchestra are recruited. ""Contrary to general belief, there is no larger proportion among the blind possessing exceptional musical talent than among the seeing. While the condition of blindness naturally helps to concentration of mind, to patience and deliberation in the working out of detail, the blind pupil derives his greatest advantage through the system of teaching employed, which requires him to memorize every detail in each hand separately. It follows, as a matter of course, that the intelligent blind player must have a perfect ami compre- hensive knowledge of these parts in their various relations before lie can correctly assemble them. Accordingly it often happens that the blind piano pupil will develop in the same period of training not equal mechanical accu- racy, but a higher degree of artistic intelligence than the pupil of sight, but his proficiency is not due so much to his inherent talent as to the training he must submit to in order to secure his proficiency. Primarily the aim of this department is to put all of our pupils in touch with the refining influence of music. Those who come to us from homes where there ne'er has been, and probably never will be, any music, and to which they must sooner or Later return, and also those possessing little or no talent in this direction, will de- rive some benefit from the musical atmosphere by which they arc surrounded while here. There are only a tew who cannot acquire enough of vocal and instrumental music to afford consolation and recreation to themselves in after IL'I trean and to contribute in »>m< measure to the enjoj menl of others. We do, however, qualify many as teachers of music, and their de- pends, as w it li the seeing, upon their personal character, fitness and appear- ance. \ fair perc large perhaps as in any school not exclusively musical, attain t.. a very high degree of musical skill and have found for themselves | m . - i t i « • • insibility and importai I MM - l 1:1 \ I. OEPAKTMKXT. The reasonableness and utility of industrial training are bo apparent that they Deed not be argued. It may betaken for granted that the aim of any pub- lic school should be to direct the minds of the pupils to such forms of activity will produce practical results. N le will deny that boys who devote one or two hours each day t.. the use of tools in industrial work will be less likely to become public charges than boys who devote all their time to the study of I ertain it is thai heads and hands which have never been trained to any useful employment are those most likely to be receptive of immoral in- tlu.-ii By providing a safe and attractive way for the discharge of superfluous en- ergies and by exercising the faculties of perception, construction and imita- tion, the work in sloyd tends in a very Large degree to overcom • prevent the unfortunate habits so characteristic of blind children. About To of our boys receive instruction in the sloyd room, working there an average of three-fourths of an hour each day. The work is undertaken not for the pur- pose of giving a technical education, bu1 of laying a foundation of future industrial growth. Cultivating manual dexterity, self-reliance, accu- racy, carefulness, patience, perseverance and, especially, developing thepow- >f attention and concentration, it furnishes Buch a hand-training to ih<- pupils as to make them more efficienl in repairing pianos or in any kind of labor in which they can engage. The girls in their work rooms are taught sewing, crocheting, bead, raffia and other kinds of industrial work. The men, admitted as apprentices in the shop, are taught broom-making, ham- mock-making, mattress-making and caning chairs. The trades taught in the workshop were qoI contemplated in the act establishing the school. The re- ■ of the shop work, however, have been of such a character as to justify the belief that it will continue to have its recognized place in the school. PIANO-T1 mm.. To those who have the essenl ial qualities, a correcl ear and mechanical a)>il- itv. piano-tuning and repairing is the best trade that we can teach our pupils. raj oi the graduates of this department are earning good wages as indi- vidual pi; tuners in the communities w here t hey live or in factories where they are employed, 'The experl pit -tuner, be he blind or possessed of sight, meets m> opposition from the labor-saving machine. At the present time it pupils are learning to tune pianos. Their instructor is a blind man. whose skill and efficiency cannol be too highly commended. Within the past • he has built a piam. from parts furnished bj a manufacturer, .•some idea of the magnitude of the task may be gained from the fact thai the piano as it came to us was in over Ton pieces. \l>out all the parts that were put . ther at the factory were the fra and the large iron plate to which the strings are attached. The action of a piano consists of nearly 100 pieces for each key, man) of which had to be set up and adjusted. Main of the verj tl] parts had to be cut, shaped and glued, the keys being of uneven Length, ami even the metal hinges being t..o lone and requiring to be shortened. The work described is hut a small part ol all that was done before a chord • the piano completed. \t the exhibit of our institution at the S1 Louis exposition this piano occupied a prominent place. rVPl WRITING. Another interesting feature of the school is the typewriting department. All high school pupils are taught to writ.' on the ordinary Remington type- writer The work stimulates the pupils to lit.rarv efforts, and is especially helpful as an aid to Bpelling anil grammar. The hlind young lady, who 425 usually does my typewriting, operates the machine with accuracy and rapid- ity. This ability to handle the typewriter is possessed to a greater Or less degree by a larg< percentage of our high school pupils. .Nearly all letters to people with sight are typewritten, as well as a considerable pari of our high school examination papers, if the teacher in this department had the oppor- tunity to classify her pupils according to their ability in this particular work, or to do more individual work', much greater results would he ob- tained. In addition to the help which the typewriter a (lords as a school ap- pliance, it is to hi' hoped that it may become a means of livelih 1 to the pupils who are facile in its use. 'Idle co-operation of business and profes- sional men is respectfully requested in finding positions for those of our grad- uates who have talent and manual dexterity in this line of work. By so doing they would promote not only their own interests but they would render as- sistance to a very worthy and deserving class. PRINTING DEPARTMENT! . So far as the outside world is concerned, our printing department should he mentioned as occupying a very important position. For in this department not only do we do work for the benefit of our own pupils and graduates, but we are supplying a demand for music suitahle for the blind throughout the country. To illustrate the extent of this demand I would mention that more than 300 orders for sheet music printed by us were received during the last school year from 17 institutions for the blind and individuals throughout the country. 33 different states being represented by our customers. Our printing is done in what is known as the American Braille System of Notation. It consists of a series of points so arranged as to represent letters. musical notes. figures, and characters, and enables the blind to read by touch more rapidly and easily than they would by using the old method of raised letters. Experience has shown that any blind person who has ordi- nary intelligence and perseverance can learn this system without much diffi- culty. It is said that Helen Kellar who is deaf as well as blind learned the alphabet in one afternoon. We are now publishing annually more music for the use of the blind than any other institution or printer in the world. Primarily we publish it for our own pupils hut we are very glad to semi the music to outside parties at cost. In addition to sheet music we also print (and sell to outside parties) certain text hooks and hooks fitted to supplement the school branches. The demand for these works is growing and we are constantly making additions to our catalogue. In order to do this printing necessary for publishing the music and the books found in our catalogue, our printer (a blind man) has stereotyped nearly 18.000 brass plates which we safeguard in a tire-proof vault. From the number of applications we receive from different parts of this country, it is very evident to us that our literary and musical publications contribute very materially to the intellectual advancement not only of our own pupils but to the sightless in this and other states. The books in our library and in the libraries of other schools for tin- blind will be much more available in the future than heretofore on account of the act passed at the last session of Congress in regard to the free trans- mission through the mails of embossed literature for the blind. Under this law. -hooks, pamphlets and other reading matter in raised characters for the use of the blind, whether prepared by hand or printed, in single volumes, not exceeding ten pounds in weight, or in packages not exceeding four pounds in weight and containing no advertising or other matter whatever unsealed and when sent by public institutions for the blind <>r by any public library as a loan to blind readers or when returned by the latter to such institutions or public libraries, are transmitted in the United States mails free of postage, and under such regulations as the Postmaster General may prescribe." This wise and generous legislation on the part of Congress must prove a blessing to the blind people in oui country to whom the ability t<> read is a precious privilege. Many of these people before the enactment of this law were deprived altogether from enjoying the blessings resulting from reading interesting and instructive books because they lived far away from a public m Library where there were bul a few embossed t ks, or Done at all. and ■ ., v were unable to pay the ( >< •- 1 .-i^.-.- on I ks that mighl by mail. ril\ SI< \ I li: LINING. v. argument Is needed with i )i< •-.- who are familiar with the circumatances trove the necessity of healthful, systematic exercise among the blind. This training has so much to do with their Bucoeas in life, that its import- ance should □ erlooked. Frequently disease, that has deprived them ght. has left them also afflicted with | ■ physical constitutions. The nl of invigorating outdoor exercise, that children with sight usually «r« • t . naturally results in poor physical development. It is very essentia] that their literary, musical, and industrial education and training be based upon a thorough system of physical development. Vs a .lass the blind children must be regarded as instinctively timid. Their surroundings are not favor- able for the development of strong character, tn order to efface the natural timidity their blindness occasions, a very active physical training is essential. As a means of recreation and as a remedy to overcome their natural awkardness. we have dancing one evening every week for the hoys, and an- other evening for the girls, music being furnished by the pupils on the violin and piano, and sometimes by an orchestraof little boy6 from six to ten years ■r. There is also ;i daily drill in the gymnasium, which includes march- ing, i - • • | >« - climbing, vaulting, exercise on the parallel and horizontal bars, dumb-bell exercises, and nearly all the exercises to which the seeing are accustomed. By these exercises the weak and detective bodies of many of <>ur pupils are made straight and strong, and the muscles developed and con- trolled. By these exercises also our pupils become more active and alert. and they aquire a freedom of carriage which they would not otherwise have. ■ ral of our hoys have overcome round shoulders, hollow chests and other physical defects by means of the pulley weights and the quarter circle. When the weather is favorable long walks are sometimes taken into the country. \c* ipanied on these trips by their teacher, instruction is given in deep breathing. In the winter skating parties are frequent and are found to be beneficial. When the school opens in the fall, the height, weight, and Lung capacity of the girls are recorded. The hoys are given a general meas- urement and records are kept on Anthropmetrical charts prepared by lh\ Pfister. At the close of the school in June before the pupils depart for their homes, the measurements are again taken, much interest being manifested in noting the development attained by the work during the year. KIND! RGARTl S l>l PARTM1 HT. In our kindergarten department L 'an insighl is had into the privilege of ministering to imprisoned lives, the coming to those who are shut in, in any way. behind the prison liars of obstructed senses, and seeing what can be done to give them liberty within the prisons in which they are Living." vmong the kinds of work done in this department, are weaving on the hand I i. basketry in raffia ami cane, modeling in clay, Indian beadwork, braiding and Bewing of raffia, paper folding, cord work, and other similar lines ,,f work. lies in nuiK, The fundamental idea leading to this important feature of educational orh is to render the Brsl schooling attractive, to connect Learning with leisure, and make mental food as conducive to mental growth, as bodily I is to bodily growth. In addition to their lessons, the children are taught to play, not restrained from it. Their plays iu themselves contain elements of instruction and discipline. The training in this department has been found to be well adapted to the needs of the little folks; and as t hey grow under it. and as they gTOW not onl\ in intellectual and in spiritual pow.r. hut in the power of enjoying life, and of seeing, yes, "f Beeing the brightness that there is in life, there rests upon tin' training given, a hlcss- ing whose value cannot hi' fully appreciated. We have in this department of our school a peculiarly interesting pupil, from the fact that Bhe is not Only hlim 1 . hut deaf and blind, a child of tender and lieai- interest u,,i only to her teachers hut to all connected with the insti- 127 bution. This little girl of silence and of night came t<> school when she was nearly six years of age. it having been nearly three years since she had Seen the light or heard a sound. Unable to express a single want, in many re- spects she was more like an untamed animal than a human being*. Under the patient and skillful instruction of her teacher sin- gradually yielded to the influence of the school and began to manifest interest in Learning the names of objects which were placed in her hands. The following is taken from a report recently made to Hon. Alfred Bayliss, Superintendent of Public Instruction : ••Emma Kuhicek. the blind-deaf girl, concerning whom you request me to report, lias made commendable progress since my last report two years ago, considering the fact that, owing to illness, she was in school the past year but three months. It was stated in my last report to you that she had begun to express by acts the thought contained in sentences which were spelled into her words. Before her sickness last December this little girl, who 'sees things with her hands and speaks with her finger tips.' was able to not only express her thoughts in sentences by means of the manual alphabet, but upon the Hall-Braille typewriter, which she had begun to handle with considera- ble ease and dexterity. The space relation of the keys seemed as accurately fixed in her motor memory as in the visual memory of those who see. "She was then taught to speak orally a few words. From the success at- tending- her teacher's efforts in this direction, it is confidently expected that in due time she will be able to "speak with her tongue instead of her hands and to listen with her fingers instead of the hands of her friends." "On returning to the institution after a summer's vacation she seemed rest- less, discontented and unwilling to take up the work assigned her. Under the infinite patience and skill of Mrs. Jordan, her teacher, she responded to the influences of the school and manifested an eagerness to learn and a desire to perform the tasks set before her. her example and happy disposition being a source of cheer and inspiration to all about her. With her vigorous, active mind, her retentive memory and her power to observe and imagine, we have every reason to believe that, with as favorable opportunities for advance- ment as those enjoyed by Helen Keller, who has just graduated from Rad- clift'e college, or by Lottie Sullivan, of the Colorado School for the Blind ami Deaf, she will make as remarkable progress in her studies as has been made by these other two young ladies, who live in silence and darkness. Miss Sul- livan, the teacher of Helen Keller, has devoted all her time to the instruction and care of the pupil under her charge. The people of Colorado were aroused to such a pitch of pride and interest in their blind-deaf child that the legis- lature of that state a year ago made a special appropriation, which enables Mrs. Veditz. the teacher, to give herself exclusively to the training of Lottie Sullivan. Emma's teacher has charge of our kindergarten department, with an attendance of more than 30 boys and girls. With but one assistant to share the labor of instructing them, she has but little time to give to the training of her pupil, who is doubly handicapped. Notwithstanding this, the work accomplished by Emma, under the instruction and supervision of Mrs. Jordan, is a veritable light out of darkness, a voice out of silence to those who are capable of understanding the magnitude of the problem which is being solved in her education. It may be said of Emma Kubicek, as has been said of Lottie Sullivan: "Though she is sightless, she must not be regarded as one sitting in dark- ness. To her blindness and deafness is the normal condition. Why should she bemoan the lack of gifts she knows nothing of? The world is full of interest to her. and she is so busy and so happy making use of her three re- maining senses that she has no time for regret. To her it seems a great joy to study and learn, and it satifi.es a craving hunger for know ledge which is only intensified by a limitation of the avenues through which it is to be ab- sorbed." There is a phase of this problem, which is not so bright. There are blind children who are also feeble-minded, for whom little can be done in the way of education and for them no provision has been made. They don't want to take the blind feeble-minded at Lincoln because they are blind. We don't want to take them because they are feeble-minded, and it is not a good thing to associate the bright children with them. Not long ago 1 called to visit the 12N home of a blind *-lii l come back. The influences in Chicago were of such a character I f »- 1 1 I musl obey the mandate, I made a visit and found that here is a girl whose mother goes out washing. She leaves the girl with the doors locked all day that poor, feeble-minded child remains alone. Someday the citizens of Chicago, if some calamity should come to tli.it home, will realize too late the awful risk they arc taking in allowing such a child to remain unprotected during the long hours <>f day. MORAL in- l i:i I lln\. While emphasizing the value of the work done in <-.t.-li department which has been mentioned in this paper, it i- realized that unless the discipline therein tends to a cultivation of the finer feelings of the heart and the no- bler powers of the soul, the teachers work is narrow and the instruction de- The moral is the grandest part of the human i < « - i 1 1 tr . and hence the ipment of character should be the ultimate object <>f our school work. In this connection I wish to emphasize the value of the home-life elemi an educational factor in the formation of the character of the pupils admit- ted to our iii-tit ut ion. Man;, of our pupil- are unfortunately physically and mentally so deficient as to disqualify them for successful physical or mental application. Yet • ven such pupil-, through association and the daily systematic routine of duties and requirements, acquire \<-ry much that will be of inestimable value to them in the way of better manner- and habits, and in more correct ideas of duty and life. It has been said "the heart is the fountain of woe or bliss," and it may -end forth streams that. may only curse and wither, or they may beautify The citizens of Illinois, through whose generosity our educational institutions are maintained, have a right to demand something more than mere intellectual culture. The prosperity of the Mate depends as much upon the virtue as upon the intelligence of the citizens. Not only should the pupil- be taught habits of order, punctuality, duty, right and reverence, but there should be in-tilled into their mind- the principals of justice, truth. love of country, industry, frugality and temperance. The aim of the in- stru tor -Inuiid be to implant the ideas of right and duty so deeply in the hearts, if the children as to have them become a part of their lives. To de- eevelop the moral sens,- in the youth and cultivate in them sound principles of action should be made the chief end of all SCl I work, of all instruction. \s a mean- of promoting this development on the pari of the children in our institutions, the child-study movement has been a blessing. By it more sci- entific relation- have I n made to e\i-t between the teachers and pupils, and by it the atmosphere has been made clearer and brighter, such as \s found in homes where feelings of love and goodwill prevail. This movement has stimulated and freshened the interest of teachers in children, and it has furnished them with new ideas and practical methods based upon them. "Without a practical knowledge of hi- patient's character, a physician cannot hope to help a man to health. Without a 8 >Und and intimate knowledge of the child's character, in all its manifoldness and unity, the teacher cannot in- telligently aid his young friend to retain his childishness." \ quiel and reverent Btudj of the character of children not only makes them Letter, but it makes the teachers better on account of their study of the children. It must be right to know what the Children arc and what is in them. It must be right to know the children better that we maj love and help them more. I hear cheerful testimony to the value of the work of studying the mental ami physical characteristics of the children as carried on by the teachers in our seh> N il. IKMNlNc. | III 111 IN n. Pilled with the utmost sympathy for those who are compelled to walk in darkness. | am constrained to Bay thai thai there is a greal deal of mistaken kindness ,,n the part of parents and friends towards blind children. This is natural and 1 hesitate to speak in condemnation of it. Itut for the sake of the blind children, true kindness induces me to speak. Parents, as ;i rule. 429 are too prone to humor and indulge the Mind child when they should train and discipline it in the same manner as they do their seeing offspring, Failure to do so results not only in injury to the parents, bul to the commun- ity and to the children. Dr. Samuel (J. Howe, the pioneer educator of the blind in this country, in an address concerning blind children, once spoke as follows: "Better a bruise or a bump than not to make their own way about. If an ordinary child fall over an object, he is encouraged 1<> jump up and try again. The blind child should be treated in the same way also. Hut no: these dear children must learn no hard lessons through suffering. Every obstacle must be removed from their way. which must be carpeted with velvet; and they must be 'cautioned against danger instead of heing encouraged to meet it. They are helped to do what they should learn to do alone: kept at home when they should be encouraged abroad: seated in the rocking chair when they should be tumbling about the house and grounds: helped and waited on when they should be taught to wait on themselves: spared when they should be urged: enervated when they should be hardened, and often demoralized by the habit of receiving as gifts what they should earn by hard effort or resolutely forego. ■•For one blind child who is properly trained to consider the dangers, diffi- culties and obstacles arising from his condition, as things to be met and overcome by sharpened senses, by hard study or hard effort, by muscular strength and activity, by courage and by presence of mind, by self confidence and resolution, for one trained up in this spirit, a score are enervated and emasculated for life by excess of sympathy and unwise help during- child- hood. ■■It frequently happens that parents refuse to send a blind child to school until the best years for study are past, simply from excess of affection and anxiety about its safety. The other children may wonder abroad to gather courage and strength from facing dangers and overcoming difficulties: but this dear pet who has the sorest need of all to be trained to hardy self reliance: who should become strong in limb and supple in joint: he must be wrapped in flannel and kept in the rocking chair, to grow pale and flabby. and awkward and timid, because -his mother loved him not wisely but too well.'" The words of this eminent educator spoken over 30 years ago are with some modifications as true today as then. Most heartily do I endorse the sentiment so clearly and forcibly expressed, and I trust that at no distant day. legislation may be enacted in Illinois by which the compulsory features of tin- school law may be made clearly and specifically applicable to the blind chil- dren of the State. CONCLUSION. During the 54 years of the existence of our institution, nearly 1,700 persons have received the benefits of its instriiction. It is safe to say that the money so generously appropriated for its maintenance by the General Assembly, from session to session, has been faithfully and usefully employed. While the cost of keeping up its annual expenses may seem great, there must be some compensation to the taxpayers in the thought that, by its training, some of its pupils who would be a constant drain upon their relatives or others and maybe a menace to society, have been converted into useful and self-supporting citizens. Many hundreds of its pupils, who would otherwise sit in hopeless darkness, have had their lives made happy and radiant by being taught to appreciate the beauties of literature and to realize the up- lifting influence of music. This fact should be emphasized: The institution is not an asylum, bul a school whose object is to secure the training of the physical, the moral and the intellectual powers of the pupils. We aim to teach independence to the blind, not to provide a home for the helpless. We strive t<> build up strong bodies and well Stored minds, to inspire our pupils with hope, courage and self-respect and to aid them in overcoming the proneness 1" inactivity and seclusion so prevalent among them. In this work we ask- the aid and encour- agement and the suggestions of all who are interested in the Laudable under- taking of leading to the light those who live in darkness. (Applause.) 130 Chairman Freeman The next on the program, No. L8, is "Die cnssion." [f there is lesire on the pari of the Conference to dis- cuss this snbjecl we will pass to the aexl to|>i<- Mbs. Pabsons I would like to ask what yoo said about the feeble- minded blind children. Pboi I'm i man There are several feeble-minded blind children in State, and the State has made no provision for their care and instruction. I believe this mighl be a good time and place to take some action in regard to bringing the matter before the Legislature. I ;nii \.t\ Bure there will be a bifl before the aexl General Assembly, looking toward an appropriation to establish a school, either in con- aection with the school al Lincoln or our Bchool, to care for these children; btrt I thought some endoreemenl from this body would 1»«- very helpful in getting through ^uch a bill. M - Parsons [s it no1 a greal hindrance to the teachers of the blind to have them there? Prop. Freeman Ses indeed. Lf cared for in connection with our school, they onghl to be in Beparate buildings. There is no place for the feeble-minded child beside the blind children who can be taught. There is the difficulty right there. We have a few to whom we give a trial, bul we can'1 keep them .vith us. Mi; Hi blei Mr. Chairman, we have a reporl to present from the ( lommittee on < trganizal ion. ?onr Committee on Organization respectfully report the following officers and committees for the Conference of 1905: Presidexi "John A. Brown, Decatur. Vn i I'm -mi \ i - M. M. Mallary, Pontiac: Kirs. Emina Quinlan, Chicago; Miss Sarah Montgomery Springfield. Seckj rAm Frank D. Whipp, Springfield. iiir, i ;, n iiiiiiti > Sherman Kmgsley, Chicago; Mrs. I". P. Bagley, River- side; Mrs. •'. \. Parsons, Jacksonville; Hon. Julien Mark. Chicago; W. 1.. < osper. Peoria, and OfScers, ex officio members. County CtuirltabU and Correctional Work Fay Lewi-.. Rockford, Chairman; 8 I Metcalf, Buffalo; N. J. Myer, Pontiac; B. V. Crossland, Watseka;G< Russell, Alton. J. II. Coddington, Princeton; R. D. Gregg, Dwight. Xnmm and Feehlc-Mlnded Adults Dr. W. E. Taylor. I hairman. Wain-town; Dr. R. L. Frisbie, Lin a; Dr. I'. P. Norbury, Jacksonville; Dr. W. II. C. Smith, Godfrey: Miss Julia C. Lathrop, Rockford; Mrs. Ophelia Amigh, <..- oeva; l>r. J. C. Fults, Waterloo. CIMdren'* Work a. State Factory inspection E. T. Davies, Chairman, Chicago; Mr-. Mar 3 Busse. 1 rbana; Col. Henry Davis. Springfield; Miss Har- riet VandeVaart, ' hicago; Miss Maude Parcells, Chicago; Fred Sterling, l!<>. Compulsory Education W. I.. Bodine, Chairman, Chicago; Miss M. I. Hutton, Kankakee; Mr-. Carrie 1.. Grout, Rockford: I.. I'. Hirsheimer, Pitts- field; Mr-. I. la Bacon, Decatur; Mrs, Ufred Bayliss. Springfield. c. Juvenile Courl Law County Visitation Committee Dr. Josephine Mil ligan, Chairman, .Jacksonville; Mrs. Sadie Wald. Chicago, Mr-. <;<•(>. Pasfield, >^ I »•" • >i r-*" t i •• 1 « 1 : Mrs Win P. Conger, Chicago; Rev. G. C. Knobel, Chicago. Himirlc** Min mni Von-RcMdcnl Dependents Eugene T. Lies, Chairman, Chicago; < 1. Burrows. Oregon: Frank Kramer. Princeton; J. K. Bower, Waukcgan: Raymond Bobbins, < hicago; Thomas Thornton, Rochester; John .1. Sloan, 1 hlca 481 Relation of Women's Clubs to Public cimriiiis Mrs. Porter P. Beywood, Chairman. Chicago; Dr. Grace Dewey, Jacksonville; Mrs. Clara P. Bourlartd, Peoria; Mrs. Buyette, Englewood; Mrs. Kate V. O'Connor, Rockford; .Mrs. . II. Huntoon, Moline; Miss Anna I!. McGovern, Chicago. your committee respectfully recommends that the Conference be <<\«- 1 on the evening of the third Tuesday of Octobei, L905, and continue in session up to and including the afternoon of the Thursday following. (Signed) T. D. Hurley, Chairman, S. T. M i .M \i.f. Lri.r BuPPERS, M.VKTII A P. l'Al ( ONER, \V. L. COSPER Dr. Hart — I would like to hear that part repeated, in reference to next year's Conference. Mr. Hurley — Your committee respectfully recommend that the the Conference be opened on the third Tuesday of Octobei-. L905, and continue in session up to and including the afternoon of the Thurs- day following. That gives, first, an evening session, then a morning session and an afternoon session, and it has been left to the Executive Committee to select something special for the evening session of the second day. Then there will be a morning session and afternoon session Thurs- day, and enable those in attendance to leave for home Thursday, late in the afternoon, and some of them can arrive some time Thursday evening. Col. J. Mack Tanner — I move the adoption, and that the officers recommended be declared the officers for the ensuing year. Motion put by the Chair. Dr. Hart — I shall vote for this question. I wish, however, to offer a single suggestion. My conviction is that we make a mistake in multiplying subjects. I believe it would be better to sacrifice some subjects and have them only once in two years, fewer papers and more opportunity for free discussion. I regret the committee did not have the courage to lop off some subjects. The besl State Conference we ever had was at Kankakee, where we devoted outselves to a very limited number of subjects. I don't think it is right to amend the report of the committee made in good faith, but I think it- is the general policy we ought to follow. Mr. Hurley — This program is made up. as is well known, by the ladies and gentlemen comprising the committees. I predict you will have plenty of time. We have only rive subjects. By extending it another day we would have plenty of time for discussion. It is suggested that the papers on the main question will he pre- pared and printed for distribution at the meeting. A synopsis of the paper will be given, which will give you all the time for discussion. and you will have the paper to take home with you after the meeting. Rev. Kelly — I rise timidly to suggest that this comes in conflict with the State meeting of our denomination. I am interested in this. my first Conference work. My work is largely with the Conference, and still I need to work through the denomination. I don't know that you could have dodged that without coming in conflict with others. 132 Mk. Hi blei Thai was discussed for some time, as to coining in on the report of another committee on "Time and Place." I will embody in the reporl to leave the date subject to change bj the Executive Committee. Thai was discussed Fully, when we were before the meeting, if it was found t" come in conflict with anything else, t<> let the Executive Committee seled the date. M - \mi«.ii I want to know how Mr. Hurley makes oul thai is two days' < Jonference. Mi;. Hi blei This i> not. Imt th. aexl one will I..-. We will have Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday al the next Conference, but I admil this presenl one has not been t wo days of ( inference. Mrs. Amioii What time on Tuesday? Answer, 2 o'clock. That will be 1( iil\ two sessions on Tuesday. M Bublei If you do thai ;ni the two years. It would he a provision against contingencies if we should ever be bo unfortunate us to have ;i president who is a poor presideut, or if we should have ;i case where we don't desire to elect ;i man for a second year. 1 have noticed todaj a good man} people who are competent and fitted to fill that position, and I think the office should circulate. I think the continuity in office which is desirable can be obtained l>\ re-electing a good secretary. When we get a good secretary, he should he kept ill Office as lone/ as he will serve. We cill gel coli- tinuit] in that way. I therefore offer this notice. Chairman Freeman The secretary will l.e governed accordingly. Sherman C. Kingslei I think it would be in order tot ounce the report of the Committee on Time and Place. There were two invitations extended, one to meel next year at Ottawa, and the other to meet at Pontiac. The committee recommends acceptance of the invitation to go to Pontiac. There is a large institution for boys there, which contain- I.|ih> boys. A number of you in this room have acquaintances there, probation officers and other workers. We recommend that the invitation lor Pontiac be accepted. We arc promised ample hotel accommodations at \er\ reasonable rate-. tn connection with tin- report, we wish to make our recommenda- tion as to time the same as made l.y the other committee. We recon nd the third Tuesday in < Ictooer, hut wish to leave it to the 433 Executive Committee, because of such occurrences as the gentleman spoke of. Possibly there might be meetings of the Federation of Women's ( Jlubs. Chairman Freeman- -You have heard the report of the Committee on Time and Place, Are you ready for action on the report ? Ques- tion. . Thereupon, upon motion to adopt report, duly seconded, viva voce vote was taken. There were no dissenting votes and the report was declared carried. M B. Hurley Heretofore, preceding the meeting of the Legisla- ture, it has been customary to appoint a legislative committee before any endorsements or recommendations are made. There are two or three bills before the committee now that would receive the endorse- ment of this body. The committee would take it up and see it is properly introduced in Senate and House, and see that all is done that can be done to see it well urged in the two houses and taken to the (fovernor. I move that a committee of seven be appointed to take charge of any measure that is recommended by this body to go before the Legislature. Mr. Taxxer — I would like to amend that motion, that it be appointed by the president of the association. Mr. Kixgsley — Yes. I am very glad to have it so corrected. Thereupon the motion was duly seconded and put to viva voce vote. Their being no dissent, the Chair declared the motion carried. Mrs. Amigh — How is every member of this Conference to know who that committee is? Chairman Freemax — I presume it might be printed in the news- papers — sent to some Chicago paper. Mrs. Amigh — It might be interesting to most of us. Chair max Freemax — Is there any other business to come up at this time? Exsley Moore — I suggest that the secretary of this meeting be instructed to notify all members who have been present at this meet- ing, of the appointment of this legislative committee, and who the members are. Chairmax Freemax — As there seems to be no dissent, that will be the sense of the Conference. Sermmax C. Kixgsley — The chairman of the Committee on Reso- lutions wishes it announced that the committee will be ready to report in about five minutes. Chairmax Freemax - We will hear the report of the Committe on Care of Epileptics, by Dr. Podstata. V. II. Podstata, M. D.: Members of the Conference — Ladies and Gentle- men — Your Committee on Care of Epileptics begs leave to state that it lias in- vestigated the public care of this class of unfortunates and submits the Eol- lowing- report for your consideration: The history of the care of epileptics shows many parallel features with the history of the care of the insane. When we Look tar bach we meet tin- same idea of the devil possession and the treatment to correspond. We see the chains, the fire and the rod. Later comes the county almshouse, the asylum for the insane, the jail, and often the gutter of tin' streets ami roads. 28 B C Later ye1 and in the majority of Btates al the present time there appears the mixture of the preceding with some relief in the form of involuntary ad- mission of epileptic children to institutions for feeble-minded add increased better knowledge of the care of epileptics at home due to better education of the public as to their needs. The latest and. as we shall attempt t<> prove, the best, is the colony sys- tem, tin- segregation "f epileptics in a home especially suited for their Deeds. Illinois does no1 occupy the mosl progressive position. Ami yet the history • •f the State shows thai our present bumble effort is only one small link added to a long chain of most excellent endeavor for relief of the epileptic | r. More than 25 years ago l>r. Andrew Mc Far lane urged the segregate system for the insane and BpeciaJ cottages for epileptics in Illinois, basing bis arj ments n ] >• >n exactly the same reasons obtaining today. Early in 1892, Dr. II I . B. Uexander advocated the same idea before the \\ i iman's club of < hicaj From 1890 until 1895 Dr. J. I ». Kit-man of Chicago advocated, in the Medi- cal Standard, the establishment "f a colony for epileptics on the Bielefeld principle. In 1894 the problem was brought before the Illinois Mate Medical society by Dr. Maxwell and before the Chicago Academy of Medicine by Dr. Alex- ander. Tin- j..int committee of these societies brought the problem to the attention of the Illinois legislature in 1895 and again in L897. The list Gen- eral Assembly passed an act establishing the Illinois State Colony for Epilep- tics and appropriated 82.500 for selecting a location and for suitable plans and specifications for a cottage system. The Commissioners of Public Chari- ties presented an exceedingly favorable report Two different localities were suggested and investigated and both found to lie favorable for the location Of such a colony. A majority and a minority report, each in favor of one of the locations, were presented. Either report accepted would have provided at at the cosl 10 or lew. ample permanent facilities ami one year's maintenance tor at least 300 epileptics, which, of course, would have been an excellent nucleus. 'The onward movemenl ceased at that point, however, ami no hill was passed to authorize the colony. \\ e have given earnest thought to the possible reason-, for the lack of sue- lis-, v,, t;ir. and in presenting these reasons we will endeavor to find, if pOS- Bible, the one or more deficiencies, so that in our future efforts we may sup- ply U hat is needed. I rom a general standpoint we find four possible objections: !. That the present care given the epileptic is sufficient. I hat there is not a sufficient number of suitable epileptics in the state. That the financial condition of the Mate does not permit or justify the necessarj expenditures of money. i. That the colony plan in othes states is not successful or the success not ■ - 1 1 1 \ known and appreciated in Illinois. The tacts that a large number of epileptics, susceptible of benefit from • n\ care, are not behind the bars of various institutions for insane, thai era! hundred more are within county poor houses and institutions for feeble-minded, and that thousands are kept in homes providing utterly insuf ticieiit cue for them are well established. The brand of insanity, of utter ini ipetency, ami of being a public nuisance is sufficiently visible upon the face of the wretched epileptic as be exists todaj to make unnecessary any imenl whatever that he is receiving ample and competent care. The si nd question is somewhat more difficult to answer. It is. of course. perfectly safe to assume that the prop irtion of epileptics to tin- t ttal popula- tion in Illinois is about the same as elsewhere but what appears a safe as- snuipt ion |g n, ,t ;, ,-, ,1,| fact . We have endeavored t died reliable statistics upon this question. We have searched the literature of charitj work in this Mate. We have also senl persona] letter- to all the countj judges asking them and through them the county physicians t.. jive me the number of epileptics in the counties. also the number that could he benefitted bj care in a colony. We have received only Incomplete data, not sufficient to present to you any definite facts They arc quite sufficient, however, to enable me to state with moral certaint\ that in Illinois tin- proportion ol epileptics 18 as least as 135 high as it is in the adjoining state of Iowa, where Dr. I'. M. Powel] collected valuable data of this character. His very conservative estimate was one epi- leptic to every 600 hundred of the population. With our Large metropolis and its two millions of people, it is i v likely that the proportion is one to 500 in Illinois as it IS in New York ami other states. Let us assume, nevertheless, that the proportion in this State is on,- to to every 600 of the population. According to that there are more than 8,000 epileptics in Illinois. Of course the last published report of the Illinois State Board of Public Charities denotes 600 as insane. Many of them are insane, however, only from the standpoint of not being able to provide for themselves and id' being a burden as well as a source of fear to the family and to the community. Therefore, many of these insane epileptics are g 1 subjects for the colony. From the data at hand they number more than L50. In the report of the Illinois State Hoard of Public Charities there are given some figures to indicate the number of epileptics in each county outside of any public charitable institutions. A careful perusal finds these figures somewhat misleading, since, according to them, more than one-half of the counties in the State have no epileptics. We all understand, of course, that the absence of figures means absence of information, not absence of epilep- tics. An obviously erroneous statement is that there are '.'•"> epileptics in Cook county outside of public charitable institutions. Compared with this there stands on the same page an estimate of 30 epileptics outside of public char- itable institutions in the little county of Iroquois. Our private inquiry, although returns are exceedingly incomplete, shows. in counties where a thorough canvass was made, that the proportion of one to 600 is exceeded. It also shows that more than one-half of all the epileptics at liberty are suitable for colony care. Summing up. therefore, all the data at hand, excluding- the truly insane and dangerous epileptics, also the very mild cases not in need of any special care, also excluding the rich epileptic, for whom private care can be and should be provided, we are perfectly safe in assuming that there must be in the neig-hborhood of 4.000 epileptics in Illinois to whom the colony would offer the best possible home and care. It is true probably not more than L,200 would be taken care of in the colony at any time. The financial objection deserves consideration. The State of Illinois is not miserly when it comes to the care of the unfortunate. The amounts of money spent yearly for the maintenance and improvements of State charitable institutions are larg-e enough to invite consideration. Nevertheless we wish to emphasize our firm belief that the people of Illinois are just. We desire to place special emphasis upon the word "Just." We use that word, much preferring it to the usual term -charitable."' Time does not permit us to make this paper a study of the present sociolog- ical problems, but there are some cpaestions that we desire to present to this audience, knowing that they will receive consideration: 1. Since it is a fact that from 20 to 33 per cent of epileptics, in other words from 1.1500 to 2.600 of epileptics in Illinois, are subject to that horrible disease because their fathers or mothers, or both of them, were permitted to lastingly poison their systems with alcohol, and this great community looks upon that and has not been able or willing to prevent it. are we not all partly at least responsible when innocent children suffer for it? 2. Since it is true that from two to six per cent of epileptics, in definite figures from 160 to 480, are today suffering from the disease because they themselves have been permitted to ruin their unstable organisms with the same drug-, is not the community a1 larg-e and every member of it responsible? 3. Since it is true that, with the exception of only a few isolated cast's, all the rest of the epileptics in Illinois, from 4,600 to about 6,000, are victims of inherited structural as well as functional deficiencies, are not all the law- giving people responsible? The above figures are absolutely correct, since they give both the minimum and the maximum of the influence of various causes in the production of epi- lepsy, based upon the generally accepted results of investigation in various countries of the world. Therefore the only question remaining is that id' our responsibility. m Mm', will tell us. of course, tl far when we blame 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ . 1 1 1 society, or each individual member <>f it. for the drunkenm parents producing epilepsy in children. The man who drinks habitually and to excess is supposedly a sane man. The law holds him responsible. It is. how. • ustai - Like these w hen- the physician frequently de- cidedly differs in hi- i km it from the cold Letter of the law. A physician, who i. -fully studied the delicate structure making up the human body, who refully i> rious motives and impulses prompting that delicate mechani >m t" actions, will frequently disagree with the man of the law when it comes t" tin- question "f responsibility. is presenl an example from the standpoint of ;i physician and a Btu- ih-nt >t t he human race: \ • • 1 1 1 1 •_•- man marries a girl of his choice and starts a bom< . lie loves his wife. .nd his fireside. He devotes his attention to improving his home sur- roundings, t<> the happiness of his family, and to some extent at least, to a good influence upon his aeighbors, That young man. through no fault of his, i- an unstable individual, incapable of resistance I rtain de-ires when awakened. Through mere accidenl he tastes alcohol, like the great majority of his associates and comrades, w hat to many of his associates means noth- ing but a temporary stimulant, to him at once becomes an object of intense desire, much more intense than any single desire he has had heretofore. Be proceeds to satisfy his desire. Il>- is moderate at first, bu1 soon the modera- tion to him is no longer possible because of the peculiar vicious effect of the drug. Nevertheless he Looks upon the tears in the eyes of Ids wife, he no- nam-ial impairment and moral degradation steadily growing and he attempts to fight the new desire. He fights it with all his power hut finds it impossible to control. The increasing failures in the same proportion as ucrease in number decrease his resistance and if anything become ad- ditional stimuli to his utter yielding to the intoxicant. Prom the practical model. Btrong young man he often develops into a liar, a brute, a moral de- generate ami a physical wreck. When- is human society going to place the blame? Is it rational to assume that the young man voluntarily decided to become a brute? Is it rational to BUppose that In- voluntarily decided to ruin the happiness of his wife ami family, to become an outcast of human society and what is worse voluntarily cast the | • little one. his flesh ami blood, into the horrors of epilepsy? I believe to place the responsibility upon him is a wrong, that it is irrational and impossible without regard to law. As Long as that young man is not re- sponsible for his inherited weaknesses and deficiencies, many of them struct- ural, the stronger built and constituted brothers and sisters, impervious to tin- Influence fatal to tin- young man. must not lift tlu-ir fingers and point at him as the responsible wretch and vidian. With regard to the general hereditary influence, the greatest of all causa- tive factors, the physician again is forced to lay the blame at the door of the human family. The marriage and intermarriage of defectives is permitted. The defectives themselves an- often not only i gnora 1 1 1 of laws of heredity but unable to judge for themselves. We physicians know that many of the degenerate class select by prefer- ence other even worse degenerates for their mates. That appears to be a part ot the general relentless elimination of the unfit. It is in fact a perver- sion of the normal instincts ami normal powers of observation whereby such selections an- made To blame the people themselves would be unjust and to no purpose. To illustrate in plain Language we will asl<: I- it possible for two people of normal mental faculties to voluntarily unite in marriage, knowing that ahoiit two out of everj three of their children were to he epileptic, idiotic or imbecile? Everyone \\ill agree that there is but one answer to such a ques- tion. Tin-re is onlj one waj of placing the responsibility. These sail OCCUlTenceH are the result of defects deeplv looted ill OUT present sociological conditions. It is not a problem for one individual, for one family ■ me small unit of government, such as the family, village, city or counts, bul it should be taken up by tin- Largest possible unit existing. It is at present the state. In tin- tut ure ii probably will be the national government. I cam I have attempted to explain above, how the Mate can heal- 437 tate because of economy alone in this case. The original Lnvestmenl of aboul $260,000.00 and the comparatively small later necessary fund for maintenance are in no proportion to the good accomplished. In the fourth possible objection the efficiency of the existing colonies for epileptics must be considered first. Those who have read the Transactions of the National Association for the Study of Epilepsy and the Care and Treat- ment of Epileptics, published in 1901, hardly care for any more information upon this subject. Permit me. however, to present only a few essential parts of various reports, some of them from last year's official publications: Dr. Frederick Peterson, referring particularly to the Craig colony in New York and to the results achieved there, says: •It has been demonstrated that a colony scheme of care and treatment is best adapted to the epileptics' needs, for their requirements are opportunities for education, for outdoor life, for regular hygienic mode of living, for a cir- cumscribed diet, for medicinal treatment by specialists, and for home life in which they will not feel that sense of neglect and isolation which is their fate in the world of normal men. The colony or village scheme meets all these wants.'' The report of the State Board of Charities of New York, adopted October 13. 1903. declares: "There are now 831 patients at Craig colony. The buildings now going up. together with those to go up under money now in hand, will provide for a total population of 1.100 or thereabouts. On October 1, 1903, there were 390 applications on file at the colony from patients we could not take on account of lack of room." One of the most striking features of the resxilts of the work is the follow- ing: '■While 239 male patients on admission had no occupation on October 1. 1903. there were only 149 unoccupied men patients. Also 188 women patients ■were noted as without occupation on admission, and now there are only 87 without definite work." Still more important is the statement: "'Before admission only 13 girls were able to attend school. At the date of report 46 girls attended school." The best tribute to the practical efficiency of the colony is the following: "The pressure for admission to the colony increases rather than diminishes. Many of the appeals for admission are extremely pitiful." Superintendent Spratling says: "Could I command the language of a thousand tongues. I could not express the earnest hopes, the anxious inquiries, the pathetic appeals that daily reach the colony pleading relief for some afflicted father, mother or child.'* That much for New York. The Ohio Hospital for Epileptics is the oldest one in the United States. The hospital one year ago had 929 patients, and a member of the Hoard of Trustees, who speaks of it from personal observa- tion in a very enthusiastic way. says: "I want to protest against the notion that the expense of maintaining a state institution is alone to be considered. The cost of an institution is of minor importance to an intelligent taxpayer. We have taken these unfor- tunate people out of the county infirmaries and jails and slums and we care for them at less cost to the people than it cost before. That we have miti- gated the horrors of the disease, made life easier, and accomplished many cures we know." The superintendent says: "There is no feature in connection with the medical work in this institution so striking as the general improvement in the physical and mental condition of almost all epileptics except those ad- mitted in the advanced stages of epileptic dementia, or among the epileptic idiots, or among those doomed to epileptic dementia. Soon after admission the patient improves in fiesh. in tone and vigor, and the mind, if beclouded, brightens, and this improvement continues along with a reduction in the frequency of tits." The Massachusetts Hospital for Epileptics eared for 422 patients October 1. 1903. Superintendent Dr. Flood states in his last annual report: '■The fact that recoveries are not recorded (report mentions only two cases recovered) m need iiiii affecl the hopefulness of our work. We h t \«- to consider that ne.uT. m \s i 1 1 1 us has been t ■ > some decree benefited, -"im- remark- ably bo, and that they an- all "f a severe t Tin- movemenl fen- tin- establishment of an epileptic colony in New Jersey mel with many obstacles, but the colony i- established dow in one of the beantifnl ami healthful locations in tin- stab rhere an aboul 500 ■ f land and the colony, according to tin- last report at hand, has demonstrated its practical efficiency. The Texas • olony for Epileptics at Abilene appears to have been designed with great can-, looking towards efficiency an. I ecoi ly. I have at hand in. late report from that institution. If the people of Illinois want a genuine practical colony for their epileptic |M>or. they will have it. It is tin- people to whom we must appeal. Many of the answers given to our inquiries were heartily in favor of the plan. The medical profession is practically a unit on this subject. The people who have given their Bpecial attention to charity work an- also a unit regarding it. Those who hail an opportunity to s,-,- some of the colonies already in practical operation are in favor of that plan of care for epileptics, even if they do not possess any special knowledge in that line of work. The parents and friends of the epileptics arc without doubt in favor of the colonj ami the poor epileptic patients themselves, even when so dull from sheer • ae to i.e unable to express themselves, have the plea for a colony hoine written all over their scarred features. i o\i i i 3ION8. I. We believe the colony system tin successful way of caring for the epileptic -.'. We believe it just that a Large unit of people, the state or the nation. should provide for this class of unfortunates. \\ c know it to be beyond question thai there is more than a sufficient number of epileptic patients in the State to make a colony practicable. i. We believe that the realization of the colony plan in Illinois has been delayed chiefly because the public has not been sufficiently informed regard- ing it. .".. Therefore it becomes our duty to convince larger spheres of the public of the great advantages of the system. I became so interested in the problem of the colony that even the question of possible expense of buildings, r 1c. Iiccaiiic quite an item to inc. 1 there- fore requested the Mate Architect. K. Bruce Watson, of the firm of Watson a lla/leioii. iii ( hicago, to prepare tor me some sketches ami plans of buildings suitable for a colony, and I wish to present to the Conference some of tlio.se sketches, particularly for the reason thai the cost of those buildings really is much smaller t hau I ever anticipated it to be. I Bud that very suitable build- in he hnilt at a cost , •! jsoo i" 9350 per capita, which is. of course, an exceedingly low cost. The good work of that firm is so well known it is hardly worth while to mention that. Those who favor us with visits at Dun- ning know the type of the new cottages and buildings at Dunning. It is the same firm that has prepared these sketches. [Dr. Podstata lure produced a Dumber of colored sketches, which he dis- played tot he audience, j ^ on will aotice that each sketch contains the information as to how many patients ;ii, commodated in the cottage and the per capita cost. The ideal cottage for the epileptic, of course, is a ■ storj cottage, hut that kind of cottage is the most expensive type. The two-story cottage is much cheaper: I tind some could be luiilt at as low a cost as $300 per capita, which is indeed a very low cost. This sketch (indicating) shows elevation ot one >r 10 pat ienis. A I >i i.i i. \ 1 1 I liiw much is each cottage? Podstata The per capita ■■'-! on thai cottage is $400.00. Thai would mean $16,000.00 I'm- the 10 patients. This sketch (indicating) sin »ws ;i i-idt.-iuo for 20 patients. 439 Dr. Freeman— Wouldn't it be practical, in a two-story cottage, to use an inclined plane with cleats instead of stairs? Dr. PODSTATA — The architect spoke of it, bill did not think it was a practical thing. Dr. Feeeman- What is the objection, in his opinion? Is it the necessary length ? Dr. Podstata — Aside from that, an inclined plane has objection- able features, where the grade is low. The danger is from the patienl falling backward and receiving injuries in that position. It is a matter well worthy of investigation. Some plan might be devised. Dr. Freeman — You spoke of buildings at a cost of $400.00 per capita. When you take into account the other buildings, adminis- tration, laundry, etc., what is your idea as to the per capita cosl ? Dr. Podstata — That question I have also discussed with the architects. It was their idea it increased the per capita $75.00 or S100.00. Dr. Freeman — You don't mean to say that for $500.00 per capita you could build all necessary structures? Dr. Podstata — Yes, you could. Not in any other kind of institu- tion, perhaps. Dr. Freeman — What is the plan of heating? From a central steam plant ? Dr. Podstata — Oh, yes. Dr. Freeman — That would not include land? Dr. Podstata — That would not include land. That is purely con- struction. Dr. Freeman — Would that allow for an assembly hall? Dr. Podstata — I don't think so. I think it was simply all neces- sary buildings. Mrs. Amigh — Would that carry with it the intention of having one kitchen to do the cooking for the entire colony, and a dining room in each cottage. Dr. Podstata — It would not be possible. It would much increase the cost of construction. There should be a special kitchen for the hospital ward, where the sick epileptics would be. Dr. Freeman— But you plan a central dining hall? Dr. Podstata — Two central dining halls. Mrs. Bagley — I would like to ask the Doctor, in case the Legisla- ture would not give the appropriation, whether lie would think it would lie advisable to purchase a site for it and wait until the next t inie to gel the rest ? Dr. Podstata — I think any beginning would lie ;i \vr\ good thing. Of course, in regard to buying land, it should be considered that al least L,000 acres should be bought. There is no doubt there will he some structures there that could be used, remodeled ;it ver$ low cost. On the grounds that were under consideration four years ago there were buildings supposed to accommodate between 30 and 40 people. That is ;i fairly good beginning. It would not cost much to build three or four cottages more and start. Once a start is made, the worst obstacle is overcome. 140 Colonel Tanni M si of the institutions which have been • '1 in Illinois have been started on rather a small Bcale, begin- ning with probabl) $100 Bowever, the State Board of Charities asked for the epileptic colon) $300,000.00. Thai request has been repeated through three successive Legislatures. The lasl time the State board made every efforl possible to get such a l>ill through the Legislature, but succeeded in getting one through the Bouse appropriating $100,000.00. CJnfortunatel) the board did aot have as much influence with the Senate as with the House and it failed t here, I ratside influences in the State were active, il might result in favorable legislation. I think perhaps the women's clubs of Illinois could do as much or more than an) other one influence, to assist ns in securing such favorable legislation. I would sa) a \\ epileptic patients I think, outside of the county and State institutions, in which there are 1,000, making 3,000. The estimate of one in 500, 1 believe is considerably too large. In Illinois there were onl) Iihxxi insane, which would be aboul the Bame proportion as one to •"><*>. I don't believe thai anyone will con- tend thai there are as man) epileptics as insane. In New Fork there is an insane population of one to 300, in other words there are 25,000 insane people there. No one will contend there are thai num- ber i >f e| ilepl ics t here. Pboi B880B Freeman I would like to ask Col. Tanner what seemed to be the arguments thai prevailed againsl this matter, in the Senate? ( V \u >N1 i Tanneb Indifference. Db I'i i i'ii I should like to sa) a word or two in regard to the wa) you ami the State Board of Charities attempted to coiled these statistics. The method was fault) for the reason thai tin responsi- bilit) was not fixed. I was one to receive one of those letters. 1 have always answered ever) letter I have received from ever) board and individual trying to colled statistics. Always when 1 did it. I answered more as a matter of courtes) to give such information as I could give, than because I expected the information in the aggregate to be of an) great accurate value. Lei me make this suggestion. I i upon experience. It' yon wanl information from the medical profession, make n careful selection of one medical man in each county, who is known to be public spirited; and place the responsi- bility upon him <>t' collecting the material for hi- county. While it is not a perfect method it will approximate perfection much better than 441 the method you have attempted. Thai wholesale method of collect- ing information will always fail. It has been my experience and your experience. I believe the method I have surest ef students ■ if -i n-ii ill >gy. Uso, thai we rii unend that efforts he nade toward securing tin- passage of legislation along the I'm.- • ■• Bouse hill- Nbs. 537 and 381, introdnced in the la-t Genera] Assembly by Bon. J. J. McManaman, of the Bouse of Repre- ntatives; Bouse hill No. 537 providing for the visitation of children placed in family homes ami requiring report tu tin- State Board of Charities, ami Bouse hill N.i. 381, being an Act t.. regulate the surrender, placing and trans- fer .>f children. Also, Resolved, That we re unend the following proposed legislation: \n Act for tin- punishmenl <>f crimes against children. ii,, s i. /;, it enacted by th* /'.•./r with the body or any part . .r member th.re.it' of such child, with the intent of arousing, ap- pealing to or gratifying the lust or passions or sexual desires of such persons or of Buch child, -hall be guilty of a felony and shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than one year nor more than '.'<• years: Provided, That the term 'child." as used in this act, -hall he eon-trued to mean any child of either sex who shall he under the age under which carnal knowledge of female persons, either with or without their consent . shall he rape. The Conference with .hep regrel Learns of the death of Miss Mary Bazzard, ..f Galesburg, well known a- an early member and devoted to the work of the Conference, ami extend- to her family and friends our sincere sympathy. The committee is further of the opinion, without any sel resolutions having prepared, that the Conference is in favor of the Act providing for an Epileptic ' olony. ami a sufficient appropriation to start such. < >n motion made and Beconded, to adopl the report of ili«' ('<>in- mittee on Resolutions, as announced by the committee chairman, a viva voce vote was taken, and there l»'in;_ r no negative votes, 1 1 » » - report of the committee was declared carried. The Bouse l»ills referred to in the reporl of the Committee on R< olutione are se1 ou1 in full below for convenience of reference. Hoi se Kill. 537. .hi \.-i to provide for the vistitation of children placed in family homes. si . 1 1..\ i. Reports of children placed in homes.] Eft it enacted by Uu Peo- ple • ..' Illinois rcjtresmtcd in tin General Assembly: It shall be the duty of the superintendent or secretary of every association incorporated for the purpose of doing the business of oaring for dependent, neglected or delin- quent children, which i- supported in whole or in part hy funds from any public treasury, t,. report to the state Board <>f Public Charities, on the last nays of the month- .>f March, June. September and December of each year, the name age and sea of every child placed or replaced in a family home by HUCh association or institution, together With the nunc and address of the family with which such child is placed: BUCfa quarterly reports to he made on -iii h blanks as may be prescribed by the Board of Public Charities. It shall be the duty of any circuit or county judge, county supervi-or. OVCr- of the p.»,r. or other public Official, who shall place any child in any family home, to report the same in like manner. ii:; It shall be the duty of every person, not a public official or as official of an association or institution, who receives public money, as above stated, who may place any child, not his or her own on 3 spring, in any family home, to report the same in like manner. Section 2. Record of children placed in homes.] The State Board of Public Charities shall cause to be kept in its office, by a card catalogue system, a complete record of all children reported as aforesaid. This record shall not be a public record, and it shall be unlawful for any agent of said board, or any other person, to disclose the name or address of any child so placed or of the family in which it may be placed. Section 3. Appointment of visitors.] It shall be the duly of the State Board of Charities to appoint visitors, not exceeding- five (5) in all, who shall receive such compensation as shall be fixed by the said hoard, not exceeding- seventy-five (75) dollars per month, in addition to their actual and accessary traveling expenses. These visitors shall be discreet men and women, selected with a special view to their wisdom and fitness for visiting such children, and in case the Legislature shall enact a civil service law to control the appoint- ment of State employes, then the visitors provided for in this act shall be subject to the provisions of such civil service law. Section 4. Duties of visitors.] It shall be the duty of the visitors provided for in section three (3) to visit children placed in homes, and said visitors shall act under such rules as may be prescribed b3>- the State Hoard of Public Charities. Every child reported to said board in accordance with the provis- ions of section one (1) of this act shall be visited within a period of six months after being so reported, unless otherwise ordered by the State Board of Public Charities The State Board of Public Charities may, in its discretion, allow the child to be visited by an agent of the association or institution by which the child may have been placed in a home, and may accept the report of such agent, provided that such a visit shall be made in accordance with the rules estab- lished by said State Board of Public Charities, and shall have been reported on the blanks provided for in this act. After a child shall have been legally adopted in accordance with the laws of the State of Illinois, then said child shall no longer be subject to the visi- tation provided for in this act. Section 5. Blank form of reports.] Visits to children made in accordance with the provisions of this act shall be reported on blanks to be furnished' by the State Board of Public Charities. Such blanks shall be printed on heavy paper. 2% by 8% inches, and shall read as follows: STATE OF ILLINOIS. BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIKS. Report of Visit to a Child. Name of child Age Date of -\ isit Placed by what organization? When placed With whom placed Post office Residence Distance and direction from nearest R. R. station ( oiidition of the child as to health Clothing .Manners Is the child obedient? Helpful? Happy?. Kind of work done by the child What bad habits, if any? Does the child go regularly to church? Sunday school? Day school? Number of weeks in school the past year Name and address of school teacher Name and address of pastor. < ondition of hom< ( iniir » ODlfoii \]>\- ' H hat new -~\ the association, institution or indi- vidual that may have placed a child in a family home a copy of the report of tin- vi>it i>f said board, within thin . | ." days after said child shall have been visited, if the visitor shall find that the child is cruelly treated or is not receiving suitable Bchool advantages, or thai for other good reason the borne is not a suitable place for the ehil.l. it shall he the duty of said Mate Board of Public Charities to notify forthwith the association, institution or indi- vidual that may have placed such child, furnishing them with a copy of such report. If said association, institution or individual shall not take suitable action in the case, within fifteen (15) days, the said State Hoard of Public Charities may cause the said child to he removed from the home in which it had been placed, ami may return tin- child to the said association, institution or individual, or to the circuit or county court in the county from which said child was originally received; and the actual and necessary expenses of Buch removal shall be paid by the agency that originally placed said child. Visitation of wards of other associations and institutions.] The : of Public Charities shall have authority to place any association or institution, embracing in its work the placing of children in family homes, on the list id' institutions subject to the provisions of this act, OH application of the board of trustees or directors of such association or in- stitution. Wh.-n an\ association or institution shall have been SO placed on the list it shall be subject to the provisions of this act and the children placed in homes by such association or institution, shall be subject to the visitation of the State board of Public Charities until further action of said I ;■ ... rd of Public < ha ril ies. Penalty.] The agent of any association or institution, or any per- son who shall violate the provisions of section one in of this act, or any person who shall disclose the name or address of a child, or of the family in which it may be placed, in violation of section two (2) of this act, shall be guiltj of a misdemeanor. Appropriation.] There is herebj appropriated from an^ funds in in the Mate treasury, not otherwise appropriated, for the use of the state Board of Public ' harities, in carrying oul the pro isions of this act, the sum • n thousand two hundred dollar- for the year ending June 30, 1904, and seven thousand two hundred dollars - > for the year ending dun. Bouse Bill 381. For an .ict to regulate the surrender, placing and the transfer of children, Section 1. JU it ( muted 1,1/ the Peo i>t, of tin Sim, of Illinois represented in the. General Assembly: This art shall apply to all neglected, dependent, tru- ant and delinquent children under the age of if, years. The word child or children may mean one or more children; parent or parents, one or boch par- ents, ami persons standing in the relation of parents, association, a corpora- tion or association of persons or firm whether incorporated or not. Sec. •.'. \o person or association engaged in the business of caring for or placing in homes children coming within either of the classes to which this act applies shall place in any family home such child withoul first having obtained the written surrender or consenl from its parents or some person having the right to control the custody of such child, unless the child lias been committed to such person or association by by a competent court. Sec. '.',. Before any such person or association shall place in any family home any such child, such person or association shall provide himself or it- self with a book to be known as "Juvenile Record," in which shall be en- tered the name, sex and age of each child placed, and any transfer if one is made, the date of surrender, and the name and address of the person surren- dering the child, and as far as can be ascertained the names, addresses and occupation of the parents or persons stir rendering- the child, and the names, ages and addresses of its brothers and sisters. No entries shall be made in said book except such as pertain to the children thus dealt with. Such juve- nile record shall be subject to inspection by any person or persons appointed for that purpose by any court having jurisdiction over children. Sec. 4. Whoever coming within the terms of this act shall violate any of the provisions thereof shall forfeit and pay to the People of the State of Illi- nois the sum of not less than twenty dollars ($20.00) and not exceeding two hundred dollars ($200.00). to be recovered in action of debt before a justice of the peace or any competent court for the benefit of the school fund of the district in which the recovery is had. Mr. Crossland — I would like to know if I could get copies of the resolutions to distribute in my county so the public could become ac- quainted with them. Mr. Whipp — You can get copies of the proceedings when printed, which will probably be in about six weeks to two months. Professor Freeman — Before adjourning, I wish to call attention to the topic for discussion this evening, the report of the committee on "Care of the Tuberculous Poor, 1 ' by the chairman, Dr. George W. Webster, president of the Illinois State Board of Health, Chicago. Mrs. James M. Hill, of the Protective Agency T know, my friends, that this subject is a very disagreeable matter to bediscussed. I won't ask you to listen to much on the subject, however. We of the Protective agency, and those in the work for children, know there should be some legislation to protect them. We have laws that pun- ish rape and crimes of that nature: we have laws that take care of the insane, but there is no law on the statute books to protect chil- dren under 14. both boys and girls. There are many of us working in that line who know there is a great need of such defense. A child may be abused in any way. and the only penalty is that of a misde- meanor. On the statute books at presenl California, Michigan and one or two other states have laws which make such crimes punishable as felonies. We have drafted a law here, which we want very much to have the next Legislature pass, providing a penalty for outrages for these criminal attacks upon little children, both boys and girls. 146 Our young children in the large cities are being ruined by abuses which are do! punished. Thej are only punishable .it tin- mosl as misdemeanors, There are copies of 1 1 » » - law here for distribution, ;m Hill We will leave copies of the bill we propose on the etary's table, where all interested maj Bee them. Adjournmenl i<> the evening Bession. Evening Session, Wednesday, Nov. i' : . 1904. Eighl o'clock p. in. The Conference was called to order bj Prof. -I II Freeman. Vocal solo bj Miss Carpenter, of Rockford, accompanied by Mrs. Starr, of Rockford. I )r. Gleorge W. Webster, of Chicago, presidenl of tin- Illinois State Board of Health, was requested to acl ;is chairman of tin- -. - sion <>t' tin- ( lonference. Db. Webster, Chairman Ladies and Gentlemen of the Conference: In the State of Illinois today there are a number of organizations that have been doing ^ r '»"! work in an attempl tn suppress tuberculosis, or minimize its t.-r- rors. These various organizations have been working in differenl ways to ■ in- .-ml. instead of reading to yon a paper, on the subject of tubercu- losis, tonight, I announced some weeks ago t<> Mr. Whipp that tin- program tonighl would consist of reports From these various organizations of the the reports to be made by representatives of those organizations, stating what their respective organizations bave accomplished, how this wink ha-- been performed and whal their plans were for tin- future; ami. in addition to this, they were t" make suggestions to us, Looking to an amalga- mation, if possible or desirable, of all these various interests or organiza- tions in th«- State of Illinois, in order that we might avoid multiplicity of effort in order thai tin- same thing would not necessarily be done by sev- eral organizations thus increasing tin- expense ami augmenting the effort necessary to accomplish a certain thing, Now . in pursuance of this plan, therefore, I will say that the various* »rgan- izations which have been doing at Leasl most of the work in this direct ion have ' Kirsl ami foremost, because of the degree oi perfection of its organization and the character of its work, the Tuberculosis committee of tin- Visiting a-~s, H-iat i f i hicago, nl The Tuberculosis committee of tin- Illinois State Medical society. Third The Mat.- Board of Health. I ourth Tin- Tuberculosis committee of this Vssociation of Charities. The latter organization ot which I has.- had the honor to be chairman, one nothing, bo far a-- I have been able to Learn, but talk. 1 have de- cided t h.-r. -for.- to change the program tonight, and nol talk: bul let these other people talk, and tell us what the} have been doing, \\ « • have been talking a little, ami they ha\.- been doing things have been doing them re- markably well. We want you to know what they have beendoing, how they I., in doing it: and also th<- plans for future work. This tii— i unit tee, that is. tin- Tuberculosis committee of the Visiting Nurse association, iv i.. mj mind the best organized, best systematized, ami is doing tin- best work, the best, practical real work along this Line, of any /at ii in in t he I nited St ates. 447 The efficient and high character of that work lias been due, not alone to the chairman of that committee, but has been due, so far as the medical part, which has been the essential part of it. largely to the untiring efforts and zeal in this direction of two gentlemen who are with us tonight, Dr. Arnold ('. Klebs and Dr. W. A. Evans, of Chicago. Dr. Klehs. who has been more intimately associated witli the work, who has done more of the detail of the work than anyone else, is hen', and has very kindly consented to report to you. in behalf of this Tuberculosis com mittee of the Visiting Nurse association. It gives me pleasure to introduce Dr. Klebs. Dk. Arnold C. Klebs — Before I proceed to report on the work we have done, it might be well that 1 give a small illustration of the tuberculosis situation as it presents itself to us in Chicago. We have a mortality from tuberculosis in Chicago which is not very different from that of most Large cities. In itself, it is large enough to command special interest. Tuberculo- sis, as you have heard, has been on the decrease in most of the older cities, which has been owing, probably, to better hygienic and economic conditions. etc. — tuberculosis always increasing or decreasing according to just these con- ditions. In Chicago the situation seems to be a little different from that of other cities. The health department has called attention, of late years, to the fearful increase of pneumonia as a cause of death. During the last ten months, on the other hand, the department by its statistical reports shows that the conditions have been reversed. Tuberculosis in Chicago is on the increase — an increase within the ten months of 141 cases, while pneumonia has decreased by 370 cases; so that we see that we have the old trouble ^i ill with us, at least, as much as ever, and that special efforts are as much needed now as ever, and perhaps more. The fact that tuberculosisis is a disease which interests not only the physician, but also the philanthropist, the charity worker, the social worker, is justified by two different features: first, by the death rate which is produced by the disease: second, by the great length of its disabling power. A disease like pneumonia will kill a person within a very short time, that is from eig'ht to ten days, sometimes in three weeks, but that is about the outside. Now. tuberculosis will very rarely kill its victim before having disabled him at least one year. Much oftener there will have been disability for three, four or five years. The problem is much g-reater by reason of that fact. The loss on account of the disabling illness — the length of the disabling illness — has to be borne in mind always. In Chicago the committee which I represent was inaugurated early last year by the initiative of the Visiting Nurse association. The Visiting Nurse association, having found that they could not cope with all their cases of tuberculosis they had to deal with in various parts of the city, thought it would be well to follow the lead of other cities and organize a special com- mittee or special body to study the conditions as presented in Chicago and t<> find means of helping. A committee was founded then and the plan of work- outlined. Under this plan first we thought it best to indicate chiefly, to find out where the disease was located, under what conditions it seemed to grow, where it cost the greatest number of victims, how the different patients af- fected with the disease wandered from place to place spreading infection: studying, furthermore, the situation within the different families, when the disease first appeared. All those conditions were carefully considered. The result was by now. after one year's work, because the work was not really begun until late last year, we have data of 3,977 cases. Those are various cases which we got from various sources, with the help of the health depart- ment, who reported eases to us. We have full data id' about 700 cases. All those cases were carefully investigated as to social relations, financial rela- tions, history of disease, heredity, infection, etc. We have carefully compiled data of all those cases. They are. of course, to be taken together. A special report will be made on them, and it is planned that a special house investiga- tion of the residence id' those cases will be made during this coming winter. Every one of these Too cases was specially investigated by our nurses, our physicians or by the superintendents or workers of the bureau of charities, which co-operated with us. In every one of these cases an effort was made to educate them by various means, chiefly and that is what we emphasize f..r. that the education )><• done by talking t.> the patient, not by simply leav- ing ;i leaflet there and telling him you must no1 do so and so and mnsl do s,, :iti• improvised. By repeated visits we will see thai those measures are enforced. Then, furthermore w lu-n possible, we will Lookoul foi thai -aim- family where the disease - to develop, ami we will try, as far as our means will permit, to trans- port Buch cases to better climates, where they ran earn a living under better climatic conditions and never will fully develop the disease. There is where we made the beginning of our work, by first <>f all investigating those During the time of investigation, "f course, the work of educating the mem- bers of the same family and the patienl wenl on. Beyond that we have further tried t lucate the public in general on the questions of the infec- tiousness of tuberculosis, the mode of living which will prevent tuberculosis from developing and the various conditions, the value and lack of value '>f remedies. <»m all of these points we have had a great many lectures delivered in the various parts of Chicago by gentlemen who kindly assisted us. physi- cians chiefly, who went and lectured to often very large audiences. I don't recall exactly the number of lectures held last winter. but 1 think it is aboul 50. For this coming winter we have already arranged for 85 lectures, to be held in the various parts of the city, and we hope to get lecturers from out of town also to stimulate the interest among those classes which need the edu- cation most that is. the higher educated classes, who, in their general edu- cation, have neglected the study of public hygiene and public health. We have not done very much in the question of relief of the patients, to supply patients with better f ■ »>d and with better material conditions one way or tin- other. W e have refrained from that almost entirely. We have di- rected relief, as far as thai was possible from other associations, to be given to c.is,- which were selected as especially deserving cases— relief given in the way of food, in the way of transportation sometimes and in all those ways, the relief with which you are perfectly familiar. We have refrained, I say. from giving relief for the reason that we cannot do so in a satisfactory way without having very Large funds at our disposal. The question of relief was taken np first, I think, by the Tuberculosis committee, in New York, of the Charity Organization society. They found they could not possibly tackle the problem. They found their hills running up in the thousands imme- diately without a greal deal of good being accomplished by it. you can feed up a few patients wrv often. Winn you give milk or eggs, for instance, for the patient, some visiting friend will get the eggs and milk. The patienl wont gel anything. There is no means of controling that excepl to send the patient to a hospital or sanitorium. There is a great deal of sentimentality aboul questions. So often I have beard it said that the thing to do was totreal such and such a patienl with eggs and milk, along approved lines of modern ideas of overfeeding in tuberculosis. That is perfeel nonsense. Let us suppose that we take a patient and feed him for sis months. We almost certainly ac- complish om- of 1 w o things, we may either upset his digestion or we may im- prove his nutrition as long as we can keep il up, in this case six months. What Is gained by if.' It is so extremely rare thai we accomplish anything prominent with on,- feat ure alone, for instance, with the feeding. We OUght to have that patient out in the open air and where he is removed from his Conditions at home When we work along only one phase we do more harm than good in i he majority of cases. I think the question of taking up this problem of relief, which is agitating a great many minds, is an extremely difficult one I believe that small societies like ours, and societies springing up now in the various communi- ties, would do much better if they Would inform themselves well, tirst of all. getting information wherever obtainable, Investigating underlying con- ditions when trying to separate the members of a family who arc afflicted with the d ing to gel them away to some place where they can get well, or di imfortably, one of the two. The ones who have every prospect of dying should be put in a place when- they can he taken .arc of; that can be done in special hospitals or homes-, and the ones with good chance <>t care Should !>•■ taken to places where they can he managed properly and educate,] 449 in the art of taking- care of themselves. Such places are called sanatoria. In Chicago we have no sanatoria whatsoever. We have no place win' re we can send those early cases that offer a good prospect of recovery. Dr. Pettit, who is going to address you tonight, has with great pains fitted up a place down the State, where he treats his patients in tents a scheme which has been tried successfully before. We can't yet tell about the definite results. We have to wait a good many years before we can say a place like this is successful. To my mind, from a broader standpoint, from the stand point of a society which works for the improvement of the health of the community, it seems to me that the segregation of the most advanced eases. out of the family, where they will do mischief to the children especially, is of the greatest possible importance. We should have a special hospital where we can take care of the advanced cases. Then we have to have societies like ours, where we are trying as much as possible to hold on to tin- cases, by giving medicines, advice and treatment — holding on to them where we can have a certain influence on them, by also influencing the children, by looking out for proper conditions, healthy conditions, in the homes, schools, churches, in public buildings, etc. in general: where we can work and act for what is the greatest enemy of tuberculosis — cleanliness. That is the chief thing, in one word. You hear about anti-spitting ordinances — that means working for "cleanliness." That is of the greatest importance, clean- liness everywhere, not only of the dirt we see in the streets and shops, but the dirt we don't see in the air, the dirt we sometimes smell but don't see. That is what we are working for. That is what we must get into the public mind. Those are the simple principles which will destroy tuberculosis as a disease of the masses. We can get rid of it. We have seen that with im- proved hygiene, it has decreased, and must have a further decrease. Hut we must not be guided by a false sentimentality in this question, but by sound scientific principles. Then we will go forward and not backward. (Ap- plause). [The speaker here illustrated, upon a chart, the location of the stations of the society, and offices visited by physicians of the society, examining and treating the patients, and by the nurses; and the location of three or four hospitals in Chicago which will admit cases of tuberculosis.] Here is a book I should like to pass around, which shows you our method of taking care of cases and giving information, and our methods of instruct- ing those who are to instruct the patients in these special lines. I espe- cially call your attention to the cards which show just how we keep our records. Chairman Webster — I would like to supplement what Dr. Klebs has said about the organization of the Tuberculosis committee of the Visiting Nurse association of Chicago. The Hureau of Charities has the city divided into districts. The Visiting Nurse association has the city also divided into dis- tricts. This Tuberculosis committee has the city divided into districts. These districts are identical. The Hureau of Charities furnishes an office, nor only for itself, but for the district physician and for the visiting nurses in that district. Reports come into this office, so that the district physician, the visiting nurse and the Hureau of Charities may work together jointly. You will also observe, from what Dr. Klebs has said, that we may sum up the needs in this direction in one word. We sometimes, perhaps in an ill advised way. speak of ignorance of tin' people, in regard to this matter of tuberculosis. It is not ignorance on the part of the people; it is not apathy on the part of the people: it is merely want of information on this one par- ticular subject. There is a vast difference between those two extremes. To come again to Dr. Klebs" address to you. you will see that we are able to sum tip at tin- present time what we believe to be the need, in one single word education; and one of the questions which we will call on some of you to discuss tonight is just how is that education to be best carried on. The next speaker I shall take pleasure in introducing is Dr. .1. \Y. Pettil of Ottawa, who is the chairman of the Tuberculosis committee of the Illinois State Medical society. At the last meeting of the medical society, it was thought important enough to have a special committee of the State Medical —29 B C |.-,H >i tin- Mate of i 1 1 iii« •! — . t«> take up, in a systematic way. this work re- ding tuberculosis, with a view particularly t.i educating the physicians in ird to the Deeds and in regard to the methods in this matter. It gives me greal pleasure t.i introduce Dr. Pettit. .1 \\ . Pi mii. M D. Mr. ' hairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: My report is v.-ry short. The Mini Medical society has been actively engaged in the crusade againsl tuberculosis for tin' pasl year. Realizing that intelligent and effective effort musl he based upon correcl information, the officers of the society at its last meeting presented a symposium on pulmonary tubercu- losis, which embraces the essential facts, expressed in popular Language, which it is desirable for the public t<> know. An invitation was extended to the secular press throughout tin- State to co-operate with us in disseminating tin- information contained in this symposium. This invitation was very • './;. accepted, with the result that during tin- pasl fevi months the attention of the public has been directed to this subject a- uever before. Eighl hundred newspapers in Illinois have pledged their support to the cause. Tin- primary object of the crusade is, ami should he. tin- prevention of the disease. In order to accomplish this it becomes necessary to provide for the control of those already afflicted, particularly those who by reason of their poverty, are neither able to can- for themselves nor take the necessary pre- cautions to prevent the spread of the disease. With this end in view we are advocating the establishment of a State sanatoria for the care of the tubercu- lar poor. Apprehensive thai the Legislature may lie skeptical with regard to the success of the inoilern treatment of tuberculosis in its application to this climate, the committee having this work in charge, has established a tent colony at Ottawa to demonstrate the correctness of the views so generally ■ pted by the profession with regard to the present day treatment. This demonstration is not necessary to convince the medical profession, but is in- tended for the public. The results thus far attained have been fully equal to those obtained in the same length of time in other sanatoria no matter where located, It is the desire of the Illinois State Medical society to join our forces with other social factor- in the state. The cause is one in which all are vitally interested. An aroused public sentiment will inevitably lead to action. Instead of several organizations acting independently, we belie\e there should he a central committee representative of every social factor in- terested, which shall he given general charge of the work. The representa- tives of the Illinois state Medical society are ready and willing te l>e merged in the larger movement, taking such a place as may he assigned to as. Respect fully submil ted, .1. W. P] Mil. Chulrtnan ■ •' Commute* "» Tuberculosis, Illinois Stat* Medical society. I. est | he misunderstood, with regard to th«- effeel of the work of the sym- posia, I want to say that the Illinois State Hoard of Health has done more work than any other agency through the State, in the preparation of one of the best circulars that ever was published on this subject for the benefit of the public. I Bee BOme of them in the ante room. 1 hope they will find their way into the hand- of every member here, as well as every intelligent person in t he State. I t hank \ on. 'l'lf Conference was favored with a violin solo l>\ Mis- Marie Weldon, of Rockford, accompanied by Mrs. Starr, of Rockford, Chairman Webrteb The nexl number on the program is the re- port of tin' \\<>rk done b) tli" Illinois State Board of Health, by Dr. James A Bgan, secretary of the board. (Applause.) - 1 v K'\\ M h l have no written report to read. With your permis- sion I will malic a few remarks on the work being done by the Mate Board of Health in connection with the prevention, restriction and suppression of consumption, a disease which is killing between 7,000 ami 8,000 people every year in this State. The State Board of Health is engaged in a campaign of education. We .ire e mica vori ng to teach tin' people what consumption is, how it is communicated, how it can be prevented and how it can he cured in Illinois as well as elsewhere We believe that the disease can he cured in Illinois to be <• exact, we know that it can be cured in Illinois. 451 In 1899 the State Board of Health was directed by a joint resolution of the Bouse and Senate of the Forty-first General Assembly to investigate into the advisability of establishing a State Sanitorium for Consumptives in Illinois. A committee was appointed by the board to investigate the matter. This committee made an exhaustive investigation into the methods of treatment of consumption in the various stales of the Union, and in a Lengthy reporl to the Governor, in December, L900, the State Board of Health strongly recom- mended the establishment of such an institution. Governor Tanner, in his message to the Legislature in January, L 901, approved the recommendation of the board and urged the establishment of a proper institution. \ bill pro- viding for the creation of a state Sanitorium was introduced in the House of the Forty-second General Assembly at the instance. 1 believe, of the officers of an organization now extinct, the Illinois Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis. This bill never came out of the committee to which it was re- ferred. There seenied to be a lack of both professional and popular interest. In 1902 the State Hoard of Health, in its annual report to the Governor, re- peated this recommendation, and in .January. 1903. Governor Yates, following the example of his predecessor, endorsed the recommendation of the board and strongly urged the General Assembly to enact the required laws. A bill, almost similar to that of 1901. was introduced, but, like that of L901, this bill remained in the committee to which it was referred. The State Board of Health made strong efforts to secure the passage of this bill, and physicians all over the State were asked to vise their influence towards this end. The efforts of the board were ably seconded by the leading newspapers in the State, but all to no avail. It seemed impracticable to awaken either profes- sional or public interest on the subject of State care of constunpt ives. and as a natural result the bill failed to become a law. While the State Hoard of Health was somewhat discouraged over its re- peated failures, the members nevertheless resolved to continue their efforts to secure the legislation so essential for the consumptive and. in the meantime, to endeavor to awaken popular interest in the subject. Late in L903 Dr. J. W. Pettit, of Ottawa, who has just addressed you. who was at that time chairman of a section of the Illinois State Medical society, announced that, at the May. 1904. meeting of the society, the work of his section would be devoted entirely to the subject of consumption. I called the attention of the State Board of Health to the efforts being made by Dr. Pettit. and by unan- imous vote I was directed to co-operate, on behalf of the board, with the State society in every manner possible and to lend Dr. Pettit whatever as- sistance was necessary in his undertakings. Through the efforts made by Dr. Pettit and the board the press of the State became interested in the mat- ter and devoted considerable space to the proposed meeting and to the efforts to be made. As a result the public learned much regarding consumption and began to realize its ravages. Many newspapers also published in full the ex- cellent papers read at the meeting held in Bloomington in May. L904. Shortly after this meeting the State Board of Health prepared a circular on "Con- sumption" for distribution among the people. This circular, which is now in its third edition, has been sent broadcast throughout the State. It has been given much consideration by the medical and lay press throughout the country. Many newspapers in Illinois have published extracts from the cir- cular and others have given it editorial commendation. As a result the peo- ple have been awakened as to the necessity for the State care of consumptives and the dangers which will result unless energetic steps are taken to stamp out this disease. The third edition of this circular is about exhausted. A fourth edition of 100.000 copies is now being prepared. It is the desire of the State Hoard of Health to place a copy of this circular in every household in the State. It is the intention of the State Hoard of Health to continue its campaign of education without cessation until the General Assembly of Put;, has ad- journed, and if the laws sought for are not secured, to commence anew in the spring of 1905 and continue to work until L907 or later. The board will heartily co-operate with the Illinois State Medical society and all other organizations engaged in the effort to stamp out this disease, and invites and seeks the co-operation of these organizations. 152 I almost oeglected t.i state thai the State Board «>f Health has established :i laboratory :it Springfield for tin- ezaminatioti of the Bpntum "f persons bus- pected of being tuberculous. Examinations are made free of charge. Also that this board will scud inspectore to investigate any undue prevalence "f consumption in a locality, and take measures i" restrict or prevent its spread. We hope for better things in 1905. In this connection permit me to read from the concluding paragraphs of the fourth edition of this board's circular tnsumption. "Through the efforts made by the State Board of Health and physicians of Illinois, public interest on the subject of consumption has been greatly aroused. The people now realize the ravages of this insidious, relentless ■ which slays its thousands annually. They have learned to appn • t that consumption is preventable and curable and that radica are necessary to stop its spread. Medical societies of this state have given the inattei- marked attention during the past year. Physicians throughout the State are awakened to the necessity of immediate action. The Illinois State Medical society has appointed a Committee on Tuberculosis, the mem- bers of which are heartily in favor of the legislation so long sought. The chairman of this committee, Dr. J. W. Pettit, of Ottawa, has established a colony for the purpose of demonstrating that consumption can be cured in Illinois. A prominent citizen of Illinois, following the example. if philan- thropists in other states, has formally offered the state Board of Health the sum nf 110,000.00 t.i In- used in the establishment of a State sanatorium in his home town. Governor Yates has assured the State Board of Health that the • of >tate cure i if e< uisu u i] it ion meets with his hearty approval and that he will again recommend the creation of a state sanatorium in his mes- sage to the General Assembly in January next. Members of the incoming General Assembly have expressed to the Mate Board of Health their approval of the work now being carried on ami have promised their support to the legislation desired. There is indeed hope that better things will be accom- plished in 1905. ■It is within the power of the people of the State, who through their chosen representatives in the Legislature, make the laws. t<> save the lives ol thousands nf their fellow citizens who are afflicted with this dread disease. and tn protect hundreds of thousands of others from infection. England and other foreign nations. New York. Massachusetts, Ohio and other states of the Union have, through their legislative bodies, established consumptive hospi- tals which arc Baving the lives of their people. Surely Illinois, one of the progressive of states, win do as well. Let the people of the Mate sn raise their voices in behalf of the consumptive and s,i exert their influence that it may be unmistakably understood that it is the popular will that every effort be made by the state for the care of the afflicted and the protec- tion of the well. If this be done, all that is necessary will he accomplished.' 1 I t ha uk you for y.uir atleiit ii m. Chairman Websteb This on. Is the reports <>f these various or- ganizations, because, as I said to yon in the beginning, the Tubercu- losis committee of the Associated Charities of the State has done nothing, in an organized way, to combat this disease. The first speaker t<> lead in the discussion will !>•• a member of the Tuberculosis committee of the Visiting Nurse association <>t' Chi- cago a man who has done as much ami thoughl as much, in regard to this subject of tuberculosis as anyone in the State of [llinois, or perhaps anyone in this country, Dr. William A. Evans of Chicago. I A |i|ilaiis,- i w ii ii wi \ L\ \ n~ \i 1 1 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Dr. Kid is. in resuming his s. -at a few moments ago. said that he had omitted more of t he story that he had intended telling yon than he had given. The society formed under the auspices of the Visiting Nurse association has been active in many directions, and some of thes,- directions he told yon of. I will not consume your time in describing in detail any considerable part of that society's work that has not already been outlined by Dr. debs. I wish. however, to tell VOUof one or two act ivit ics to which he has not made allusion. 153 The assistant secretary, Dr. ffedger, during the Last few months has devoted a good deal of time to bringing tuberculosis and its importance to the atten- tion of various labor organizations and fraternal societies, especially those having insurance features. Tuberculosis is of importance from a greal many standpoints. It is of es- pecial importance from the standpoint of the age. and of the economic con- ditions of those whom it especially affects. It affects the worker during his years of working activity. It especially affects those who work in trades. just the group of people that are reached by labor unions: and. through tin- efforts of this committee and especially through the efforts of Dr. Bedger, various labor unions of the State have interested themselves in tuberculosis to the extent of appointing committees to have charge of investigation oi tuberculosis in their particular crafts. E might speak along this line at considerable Length. I want to call your attention to the fact that a very great deal has been accomplished by the society from the Visiting Nurse association, with a very limited income and with very limited resources. That amount has been possible of accomplish- ment with the outlay that was available, by reason of the fact that there has been co-operation between the Bureau of Charities, the Visiting Nurse asso- ciation, and the Committee on Prevention of Tuberculosis. There were offices occupied by the Bureau of Charities, some portion of whose space would have been useless had it not been for the simultaneous occupancy by the physician from the Committee on Tuberculosis. There are other agencies for good possessed by the Bureau of Charities that, had it not been for this Tuberculosis Committee, would not have been put into use. That which is true of the Bureau of Charities is equally or more true of the Visiting Nurse association. We have been able to get track of cases of tuberculosis, and to follow up those cases, as would never have been possible had it not been for the co-operation of the Visiting- Nurse association. The lessons we are to learn from that is this, that if we are in any measure adequately to meet the tuberculosis problem, it must be through the co-oper- ation of all of the philanthropic agencies of the various committees. Co-oper- ation between philanthropic enterprises of various kinds would increase the efficiency of each and make more and better work possible. It augurs well that the three societies that are working in the field of con- sumption are represented here this evening. By that representation and by conference, some unity of effort may be outlined, some unity of method may be planned, through which work may be done more expeditiously, more economically and generally better. But one cannot but be struck, ladies and gentlemen, by any other fact than that all of this is horribly inadequate. Dr. Klebs has told you. with commendable pride, of what the Visiting Nurse association has done through its Committee on the Prevention of Tuberculosis within the last year in Chicago. They have full data concerning 700 cases, but in the city of Chicago, during that same time, there were 7,000 cases of consumption. We have only learned the particulars of one-tenth of the cases. There are in the State of Illinois at least 25,000 people with consumption today. There are in the neighborhood of one-half a million people in this State who are doomed to die from consumption, and the little bit of efforl you have heard of tonight is all that is being done towards saving their lives. You must sec that all this effort, however great it may be, however meritori- ous it may be. is still horribly inadequate. It can only become adequate through State co-operation, through State aid. through State direction. The best that we can do in our several communities and in our several ways, is to stimulate the great powers of our State to undertake the work, which is theirs, through the powers which are theirs. (Applause). Chairman" Webster — The next speaker to discuss this question will be Dr. Homer Thomas of Chicago. EOMEB M. Thomas. A. M., M. D. — Mr. Chairman. Ladies and Gentlemen This representative assemblage indicates the wide interest concerning the universal disease of tuberculosis. One of the significant signs of the times is I.M B .it t.i pn It is the t rit«-. and none the Less true maxim. thai prevention Is better than cure. This especially is true with reference to the ravages throughout tin- world of tuberculosis. Of the .nun. nun people in Illinois tods imed t.i die <>f tuber- culosis, mi • relop methods for it- prevention. <»f this number 800,000 will die in Chicago. Estimating the population of beautiful Rockford at 000 will perish from the disease in this city alone. What are we doing t<> prevenl the ravages of this disease? Last year in Illinois there were itl^ from a disease which is absolutely prevent- able. The economii deaths alone was over $36,000,000.00. Through sanitation, proper care, and through preventive methods known t<> medical science, it is easily possible t" prevenl al Leasl 50 per cenl of these fatalities. Since this is a commercial age, and to acquire the almighty dollar is th>' ambition of many, it is significant t<> reflecl that 818,000.000.00 annually ■ •an be saved t«> tin- State of Illinois through the prevention of tuberculosis. What a humanitarian lesson is to be drawn from the figures, and statements, and the efforts being made throughout our State to prevent this disease. The greatest strength thai we can exert in this direction is in the line of unification of effort. We should strive to create a crystallized concensus of i ununity conviction. Such a universal Bentiment would be an irresistible force ami ili> much toward stamping oul tuberculosis from our miilst. I Low is this directness of effort . this unification of impulse and community conviction t.. in. secured? What agency nssi hie. The home and the workshop are tin- two great Bources for the acquirement of tuber- culosis. Three fourths nf .ill eases ,.f tuberculosis find their origin, their incubation ami their development in the home, and one-fourth iii the work- shop. Homes should he el. an. pure and bright. Sunshine is the trrcat natural agency that prevents filth and destroys disease. We should not live in 1 ics with dampened basements, isture-laden walls, darkened lied- rooius, heavily carpeted floors and draperies of death, hut where pure air and sunshine can circulate in every Crevice, and the death dealing demons of i><- banished by the universal chemistry of Nature. It stultifies all scientific struggle to prevent this disease, t.. ha\e commercial greed crowd human beings to whom oxygen is the breath of lite, into workshops where -an insufficient supply of pure air. No considerations of commercial expediency . .1 1 1 . \ . 1 j u st i I \ a n y such vicious ;unl contaminating conditions. . rising before us ; ( -, ■ ,,f the greal triumphs of the twentieth cen- tury, vast unification ol effort, in the prevention of this ;iii prevalent disease, igencii eat work to bring about the consummation of this greatly 155 to be desired result. Throughout our nation is spreading the influence of this great work. Among the vast agencies for good in this direction arc our churches, our schools, our colleges and the steadily increasing number of philanthropic benefactions. We must proteel our bodies from acquiring tliis disease. The moral momentum that comes from the crystallized concensus of conviction, as typified tonight in the presence of so many earnest workers, will yet free us from tuberculosis. Illinois, the State of vast philanthropic movements, the home of great statesmen, scientists and philanthropists, must be saved from the devastation of tuberculosis. Science lias clearly pointed the way to the accomplishment of this end. Let us each and all through united effort, through the momentum of moral influence never waver in our efforts until this disease shall forever be banished from our midst, i \|>- plause). Dr. Zeller — I want to ask you whether your work covers ;i long enough period to draw any deduction whether mortality has been re- duced by the work up to the present time. Dr. Webster — I would reply to that question, in the 42d General Assembly, the Illinois State Board of Health introduced a hill pro- viding for registration of births and deaths in Illinois. Previous to this, Illinois had not been a registration state. I think there are twelve states in the Union which are registration states, where births and deaths are recorded. This bill was introduced, and through the efforts particularly of the State Board of Health, became ;i Law. It was modified somewhat in the 43d General Assembly. This law was passed, because the Board realized as a preliminary to any work of this kind it was necessary for us to know exactly how many people died from each disease in the State. I therefore say we have reliable, accurate mortality statistics for two years. Therefore, while this work, in an educational way, has only been going on for a short time, perhaps a year, it is too short a time for us to say anything in regard to results. We do know what the mortality has been the last two yens: therefore we are in a position to judge of the result of any efforts that may be made either by the State Board of Health or any of these other organizations looking toward the suppression of this disease. Colonel Tanner — I would like to ask this question, doctor, whether in the contemplated movement to transfer the Dunning in- stitution to the State, it is the purpose of the State Medical society to confine their efforts to that institution, to the sanitorium there, or attempt to get another institution established? Dr. Webster, Chairman — I cannot answer that question, but I would say that the institution there now isn't any too large to accom- modate the needs of the city of Chicago, and even if that institution is transferred to the State, there certainly will lie just ;is greai nerd for an additional institution as there is now. I should, therefore, hope that none of you will relax any efforts you may contemplate making, or relinquish any influence yon may have with your legislators, in attempting to induce them to work for this proposed legislation. It is something that is very much needed, and we need all the influence and help we can possibly get to secure it. Is there any one else who would like to take any pari in this dis- cussion? We would be very glad indeed to hear from anyone who would care to discuss this question. 156 Db. Egan Before we close 1 would like to say a i'> \\ words in re- gard to mortality from tuberculosis. 1 stated thai between 7000 and §000 persons died in Qlinois every year from this dis< * My figures are approximate!) correct; they might be more mark correct if I said 8000 The records of the State Board of Health, based on death ceived, show 7026 deaths from tuberculosis in 1903, but it must be remembered thai the tubercular disease is frequently con- cealed behind other causes of death. For example, pneumonia, bron- chitis and influenza. I recentlj had on mj desk a death certificate rr;i«linu r rs follows: "Immediate cause of death, pneumonia; duration tour days. Contributory cause, pulmonary tuberculosis; duration three years." The real cause of death in this particular case was certainly tuberculosis, yel it was classified as due to pneumonia. When we say that aboul s <*h> persons die everj year of tuberculosis in Illinois, it would seem th.it we are very conservative. \| Moobe Before leaving this afternoon Mr. Sloan asked me to offer the following resolution, to be embodied with the resolutions offered this aften a: Resolved, Thai the thanks of this Conference are herehy extended t.. the < ommittee on Arrangements for the meeting'; to the church which furnished v.. pleasant a place of gathering; t<> tin- mayor and all citizens of ELockford, who bo kindly welcomed and royally entertained u>: to the president and ladies <>f Rockford college and n> the press <>f the city for its aotices in ad- vance of and during our meeting/' I would also add our thanks to the young ladies who have so de- lightfully entertained as with music. I move the adoption of the resolution, i Seconded, i Unanimously carried on viva, voce rote. Thereupon the < Jonference adjourned sine die. 157 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Proceedings of the Illinois Conference of Chaeities at Quinct, October 20, 21 and 22. L903. Address of Welcome 276 -77 Public Institutions and the Press 277-280 The Child Labor Law 282-289 Report of Committee on Work for Children 291-296 Merit System in State Institutions 296-299 Civil Service in the Legislature 299-301 Practical Civil Service in Institutional Work 301-308 Report of Committee on County Charitable and Correctional Institutions 309 Methods in County Jails In Illinois 310-313 The Relation of County Institutions to the Public 313-314 Notes on Tuberculosis 321-322 The Econonmic Loss to Illinois from Tuberculosis 323-327 Report of Committee on Official Outdoor Relief 329-331 Visiting Nurse Work in Illinois 338-342 Country Outings for City Children 342-349 Report of Committee on Organization 349-350 Report of Committee on Time and Place 350 Report of Committee on Resolutions 350 How Mav Women's Clubs Promote Efficiency in State and Local Charities 351-352 The Work of Women's Clubs in ( )rganization of Charities 3.}2-3">4 Work of Jewish Women's Associations 354-362 Proceedings of the Illinois Conference of Charities at Rockford. November 15 and 16, 1904. Address of Welcome , 3t >4 Response to Address of Welcome. 364 36o President's Annual Address 366-367 Report of the Committee on County Charitable and Correctional Institutions 371-374 The Juvenile Court 376-384 Report of Committee on Work being Done for Children 386-389 Woman Reformatory Work and Care of Feeble-. Minded Women 390-393 Custodial Care of Feeble- Minded Females 393-402 The Relation of Women's Clubs to Public Charities 402-419 Bandbi »ok of Charities *20- 123 The Education of the Blind 423-429 Report of Committee on Organization liS'llo Report of Committee on Care of Epileptics j33 -438 Report of Committee on Resolutions iieJea Report of Committee on Tuberculosis "'' ' lh I.> INDEX OF SUBJECTS. I'Ai.K. Count 7'.' 224,225 Alexander County Almshouse i 76 Kified by counties M ."• • ntendents list of 186,181 -•••''• Home, North Harvi 132 ressional Deaconess Association, Dover. 182,196,161 1 - ■ lerman Catholic Orphan Society. Chicagi 154 A mi a B. >1 ill ik in Home and .Macon County Industrial School for Girls, Decatur 155 188-180 Appr.ipriain.il account, Commissioners Public Charities 275 .... - 1 Appropi I Recommendations by the Board Appropriations made by the Forty-third « feneral Assembly 2"J - 2."> lent, neglected and delinquent children 132 Asvlum for Feeble-minded Children, Lincoln 7,24 25,34,43,45-49,76,118-114,180 1 s_' I - Asylun minded Children, Lincoln, historical sketch 113 rable 1 sane. South Bartonville U ! 13.45 19.52,53,59,60,64,68,69,70,71,72,106-108.180-182,188-219,220 222,224 263 foi I neural. lc Insane. South Bartonville, historical sketch 105 Asylum for Insane Criminals, Chester 17,24,25,33,43,44,45 19, 109,110, 18 182 188 219,220 222 Asylum I Criminals, Chester, historical sketch 108 e number of inmati net e number of inmates from 1875 to 1904 222 Auxiliary boards, •■ ... .... Auxiliary visitors of county almshouses, jail list of 189 185 • clue institutions from counties l •. 190 Boarding families in State Institutions Board o ■ • Public Charities, Ust of 3 ■ •iiutv Almshouse 53 Bond Count; : 76 \ . • 59 i 'ounry Jail Blind In almshouses, by counties Brown ( ..... 53 Itt.iw n Count)' J. ul. 76 i ty Almshouse 59 Burea i I Jail Bookkeepinf m method 8 Count ....... 88 Calhout il. 77 Carroll County Alt ".i Carroll County Jail 77 .i 54 ;; Central -i ty> I 9, 182, 183 I3<; i ksonvlllc i 188 219,220 98 Chaini M 77 17 i I < ■ ! Infirmary, historical sketi h 124 157 i - 159 Index — Continued. Page. Chicago Homo for Jewish Orphans, Chicago 158 Chicago Industrial School for Girls, Chicago 159 Chicago Industrial Home for Children, Woodstock 132 Chicago c >rphan Asylum, Chicago 132,136 Children committed" to institutions and associations, under Juvenile Court act 10 Children tried under Juvenile Court Act 10 Children under sixteen years in almshouses, by counties 269-271 Christian County Almshouse ai Christian County Jail 77 Clark County Almshouse 54 Clark Count v .1 ai 1 77 Classification of officers and employes in State institutions into grades •) Clay County Almshonse : 'i Clay County Jail 71 Clinton County Almshouse., ■>•■ Clinton County Jail 78 Coles County Almshouse 55 Coles County Jail 78 Collections from counties 191 196 Cook County Almshouse 55 Cook County Jail 78 Cost of supporting inmates, by counties 254-263 Cumberland County Almshouse 55 Cumberland County Jail 78 Crawford County Almshouse 55 Crawford County Jail 78 Crippled Children 18 Custodial Asylum for Feeble-Minded Women 8 Days board furnished inmates, by counties 230-235 Deaconess Home, Dover 136, 161 Deaf mutes in almshouses, by counties 2ii9-271 DeKalb County Almshouse 56 DeKalb County Jail 79 Dependent and Delinquent children 8 De Witt County Almshouse 56 DeWitt County Jail 79 Douglas County Almshouse Douglas County Jail 79 DuPage County Almshouse 56 DuPage County Jail 79 Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee 15,16, 22.23,25,27,43,45-49,95, 180-182,188-219, 220- 222,224-263 Eastern Hospital for the Insane, historical sketch 95 Edgar County Almshouse 56 Edgar County Jail 79 Edwards County Almshouse 56 Edwards County Jail 80 Effingham County Almshouse 56 Effingham County Jail , 80 Epileptic Colony 6- 1, 41, 43 Epileptics, by counties 264-266 Epileptic, census of " Epileptics in almshouses, by counties 269,271 Evangelical Luther Kinder Freund Society, Peoria •■ _ 10 Evangelical Orphans Home, Hoyleton 132,137,173 Expenditures by State Commissioners of Public Charities 274 Fayette County Almshouse Fayette County Jail ,_ 80 Keel ile -minded women 267,268 Financial statement ■. 200-219 Financial statement, summary of ( 44 Food, consumption of per capita 57a oil Food, cost of per capita 242-245 Ford County Almshouse 56 Ford County Jail 80 Franklin County Almshouse 5i Franklin County Jail Free Employment Agencies 20 Fulton County Almshouse " Fulton County Jad 80 (jal latin County Almshouse ■" Gallatin County Jail 80 Greene County Almshouse 5' Greene County Jail 81 Grundy County Almshouse " Grundy County Jail 81 Hamilton County Almshouse : " Hamilton County Jail ?i Hancock County Almshouse 57 Hancock County Jail 81 Hardin County Almshouse 57 Hardin County Jail 81 160 /// ty, C Illu kf< >rd lllim ncj -•• lllm«.i> Manuel Training School Farm, Gfenwood I Illini < Orphans 1 1 igo Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac l" Industrial! e Blind. Chicago 11,24, ,131,180-182,188-219,220-222,224 > Blind, should be abandoned 12 in inititutions, by counties 236-241 i 15 Insane Districts, map ol 16 • i- in almhouses, by counties tion of Children's Institution f<>r tht- Education of the Blind, Jacksonville IS 19,111,112 tution for th«- Education of the Blind, Jacksonville, historical sketch of in Instituions and superintendents, list of I s " nty Almshouse j< in ty Jail ' • \ In -' Jackson County Jail Jails, county 52.75-03 movement "t population, by counties 275 County Almshouse Jasper county Jail., rson I '.irk Training School for Boys, Irving Park 9,147 Jefferson County Almshouse 58 Jefferson County Jail. 82 lunty Almshouse 58 lersej Co ntj Jail -•'• Jo D nty Almshouse 58 Jo Daviess County Jail 83 Johnson County Almshouse Johnson County Jail 83 J t'lm Worthy School, Chicago... 170 Junior Business Club, Chicago i 9 Juvenile Court Committee, Chicago Kam Almshouse 59 83 Kankakee County Almshouse Jcee County Jail Kendall Count] iuse. County Jail 83 Knox County Almshouse Knox County Jail 83 \ I • I nty Jail 84 almshouse 59 LaSalle County Jail M County Almshouse 80 Lawrence County Jail 84 BO I • ' * • -i I . • 5 Letter M ernoi i i ton County Almshouse .. 80 I i ■ l:i B4 60 inty Jail 85 60 lail M , '. '1 ty J. ul 61 -.'i Nhowini; insiinc districts 16 inty Almshouse 81 ■ nil v Jail 461 Index Continued. Page Marshall County Jail 86 Massac County Almshouse 62 Massac County Jail 86 Mason County Almshouse 61 Mason County Jail 86 McDonough County Almshouse 62 McDonough County Jail 86 McHenrv County Almshouse •'>- McHenry County Jail 87 McLean County Almshouse 62 McLean County Jail 87 Membership of Board, changes in Menard County Almshouse 62 Menard County Jail 87 Mercer County Almshouse 63 Mercer County Jail 87 Methodist Deaconess Orphanage, Lake Bluff 171 Metropolitan Church Association , Chicago 9 Monroe County Almshouse 63 M onroe County Jail 87 Montgomery County Almshouse 63 Montgomery County Jail 88 Morgan County Almshouse 63 Morgan County Jail 88 Moultrie County Almshouse 63 Moultrie County Jail 88 Movement of population 220-221 New York Juvenile Asylum, New York City 151 Norbury's Sanatorium, Jacksonville 18 Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin 15,16,22,25,26,43,44,45-49,96,97,98,180-182,188-219.220-222.224-263 Northern Hospital for the Insane. historical sketch 98 Oak Lawn Sanitarium 18 Ogle County Almshouse 64 Ocle County Jail 88 Orphanage of the Holy Child, Springfield 132,147,172 Orphans' Home Association, Hoyleton 173 Paupers not classified, by counties, in almshouses 269-271 Peoria County Almshouse 64 Peoria County Jail 88 Peoria County- Industrial School for Girls, Peoria 132.147.174 Perry County Almshouse 64 Perry County' Jail 88 Piatt Countv Almshouse 65 Piatt County Jail 88 Pike County Almshouse 65 Pike County Jail 88 Pope County— no almshouse 66 Pope County Jail 89 Pulaski County Almshouse 66 Pulaski County Jail 89 Putnam County Almshouse 66 Putnam County Jail ^ 89 Prisoners admitted to jails 272-273 Prisoners' deaths in jails 272-273 Prisoners discharged from jails 272 273 Prisoners in jails, July 1,1903 272-273 Prisoners remaining in jails, June 30,1904 272-273 Prison Industries 18 Private Institutions for Insane, licensed 18 Provision for women at Asylum for Criminal Insane 17 Quotas of counties 15 Randolph County Almshouse 66 Randolph Countv Jail 89 Richland Countv Almshouse 67 Richland County Jail 90 River Forest Training School for Boys, River Forest 9,148 Rock Island County Almshouse 67 Rock Island County Jail 90 Rose < >rpharj Asylum, Terre Haute, Indiana 151 Saline Countv Almshouse ,; 7 Saline County Jail 90 Sangamon County Almshouse 68 Sangamon Countv Jail '•"' School for the Deaf. Jacksonville 13,24, 25,37,43, 45-19, 122-124, 180-182. 188-219,220-223, 224-263 School for tbe Deaf .historical sketch 122 School tin us and \acations 223 Schuyler County Almshouse 68 162 Index < *• included. Page '•'■' lail ly Almshouse M - IS 19,111 120,180 ,224 263 . . hl-ti.ni al sketch . 117 ■ - • 2,224-261 ricalsketch 120 J lincy . .. Hom< stoi ical sketch '!"• 19,101,180 182,188 224 263 Southei J sketch mi i 132,149,171 • Jail 91 25, 10,43,44,45 19,129 L30 180-182,188-190 »ol for Girls, Geneva 9,11,1 1,4 14,45 19,90,126 128,18 182,188-219.22 i ourjty Almshouse 70 nson County Jail 91 i" H d sketch 128 70 •v Jail 91 e.2981 G 9,149,50 i me, Metamora 10 : h's Providence Orphan Asylum. Chicago 17*> Feehanville 10 St. Vincents Infant Asylum, Chicago H6 Supervision of purchase of supplies and contracts 6 Surplus i" Tazewell County Almshouse •" Tazewell County Jail "i Training School for Girls, < Jeneva n Training School for Girls, historical sketch 126 baritable Institutions, list of 181-182 Union County Almshouse 71 Union Count}* Jail 91 k Island 132,150,178 Vermilion County Almshouse 71 Vermilion County Jail 98 Wabash County Almshouse 71 Wabash County Jail 92 Warren County Almshouse 72 Warren County Jail . . 92 Washington Count] Almshouse 72 ■ . .Jail 92 V T:i ; 92 i it.il for the Insane, Watertown 14,15,16.23,25,83,43,45-49,102 105,180 182 188-219,220-222,: Hospital for the Insane, historical sketch 102 White Couut) Almshouse 73 County' Jail 92 ountv Almshouse 7:i iiinty Jail >.'.'< Will County Almshouse 71 ' Williamson County Almshouse 7i Williamson Countj i I 98 Winnebago County Almshouse 71 WinnebaKo County Jail 93 the Illinois Conference ol the M. E. Church, 17!' Llmshousi 73 lail 93 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 3 0112 050770574